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Meta TitleGeometric Interpretation of Linear Systems - Wize University Linear Algebra Textbook | Wizeprep
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Wize University Linear Algebra Textbook > Systems of Linear Equations (SLEs) (Linear Systems) Geometric Interpretation of Solutions to SLEs Example Practice Extra Practice Popular Courses MATH 211 University of Calgary MATH 1229 Western University Linear Algebra University Study Guides MATH 152 University of British Columbia MATH 1600 Western University Linear Algebra General Course MAT188H1 University of Toronto Linear Algebra University Study Guides APSC 174 Queen's University MTH 141 Toronto Metropolitan University MATH 1506 York University MATH 115 University of Waterloo ADM 1305 University of Ottawa MAT223H1 University of Toronto MATH 123 McGill University MATH-1270 University of Windsor MATH 1210 University of Manitoba MATH-1250 University of Windsor MATH 223 McGill University MATH 1104 Carleton University Find My Course 0:00 / 0:00 Geometric Interpretation of Solutions to SLEs Linear systems are made up of equations of hyperplanes (e.g. lines in R 2 \reals^2 ; planes in R 3 \reals^3 ). A solution is the intersection of all the hyperplanes. R 2 \colorOne{\reals^2} : Intersection of Lines No intersection Unique point of intersection (2 lines cross) Infinitely many points of intersection Line β†’ \rightarrow 1-parameter family of solutions (same line) Example { βˆ’ x + y = 2 y = 1 β€…β€Š ⟹ β€…β€Š [ βˆ’ 1 1 2 0 1 1 ] β€…β€Š ⟹ β€…β€Š x βƒ— = [ βˆ’ 1 1 ] P O I \begin{cases} -x&+&y&=&2\\ &&y&=&1 \end{cases} \quad \implies \quad \left[ \begin{array}{rr|r} -1 & 1 & 2\\ 0 & 1 & 1\\ \end{array} \right] \quad \implies \quad \overset{\normalsize POI}{ \boxed{ \vec x = \left[ \begin{array}{r} -1\\ 1 \end{array} \right] }} PAGE BREAK R 3 \colorOne{\reals^3} : Intersection of Planes No intersection Unique point of intersection (requires 3 planes) Infinitely many points of intersection Line β†’ \rightarrow 1-parameter family of solutions (2 planes intersect) Plane β†’ \rightarrow 2-parameter family of solutions (2 of the same plane) Example { βˆ’ x + y = 2 y = 1 β€…β€Š ⟹ β€…β€Š [ βˆ’ 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 ] β€…β€Š ⟹ β€…β€Š x βƒ— = [ βˆ’ 1 1 0 ] + t [ 0 0 1 ] lineΒ ofΒ intersection \begin{cases} -x&+&y&=&2\\ &&y&=&1 \end{cases} \quad \implies \quad \left[ \begin{array}{rrr|r} -1 & 1 & 0 & 2\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 1\\ \end{array} \right] \quad \implies \quad \overset{\text{\normalsize line of intersection}}{ \boxed{ \vec x = \left[ \begin{array}{r} -1\\ 1\\ 0 \end{array} \right] +t \left[ \begin{array}{r} 0\\ 0\\ 1 \end{array} \right] }} 0:00 / 0:00 Example: Geometric Interpretation of a Linear System Solve the system of linear equations and interpret the solution geometrically: 2 x + 2 y = 6 βˆ’ x βˆ’ y = βˆ’ 3 \begin{array}{rl} 2x+2y&=6\\ -x-y&=-3\\ \end{array} Steps Let's first write this in augmented matrix form: 2 x + 2 y = 6 βˆ’ x βˆ’ y = βˆ’ 3 β†’ [ 2 2 6 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 3 ] \begin{array}{rcr} 2x+2y&=&6\\[0.2em] -x-y&=&-3\\[0.2em] \end{array} \quad \rightarrow \quad \left[\begin{array}{rr|r} 2&2&6\\ -1&-1&-3\\ \end{array}\right] Turn the matrix into RREF using EROs: [ 2 2 6 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 3 ] 1 2 R 1 ⟢ [ 1 1 3 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 3 ] R 2 + R 1 ⟢ [ 1 1 3 0 0 0 ] \begin{aligned} &\left[\begin{array}{rr|r} 2&2&6\\ -1&-1&-3\\ \end{array}\right] \begin{array}{l} \dfrac{1}{2}R_1\\ \\ \\ \end{array}\\[2.5em] \longrightarrow &\left[\begin{array}{rr|r} 1&1&3\\ -1&-1&-3\\ \end{array}\right] \begin{array}{l} \\ R_2 + R_1\\ \end{array}\\[2.5em] \longrightarrow &\left[\begin{array}{rr|r} 1&1&3\\ 0&0&0\\ \end{array}\right] \end{aligned} Find all solutions to the SLE: The coefficient matrix has just one leading 1, but 2 columns/variables: r a n k ( A ) = 1 Β Β  < Β Β Β  n = 2 {\rm rank}(A)=1 \ \ \bm< \ \ \ n=2 Thus, there is 2 βˆ’ 1 = 1 2-1 = 1 free variable ( y y ). Let y = t y=t . Rewrite the augmented matrix back into a system of linear equations: { x + t = 3 y = t β€…β€Š ⟹ β€…β€Š { x = 3 βˆ’ t y = t \begin{cases} x+t=3\\ y=t \end{cases} \quad\implies\quad \begin{cases} x=3-t\\ y=t \end{cases} Therefore, the solution is x βƒ— = [ 3 0 ] + t [ βˆ’ 1 1 ] \vec x = \begin{bmatrix} 3\\ 0\\ \end{bmatrix} +t \begin{bmatrix} -1\\ 1\\ \end{bmatrix} . Interpret the solution geometrically: We were given a system of linear equations in 2 variables β€…β€Š ⟹ β€…β€Š R 2 \implies \reals^2 . Each equation is a hyperplane: in R 2 \reals^2 , hyperplanes are simply lines (in general, a hyperplane in R n \reals^n is n βˆ’ 1 n-1 dimensional). So we have 2 lines, but both lines are identical (hence reducing to a row of 0s). This means the lines intersect everywhere on the line defined by x βƒ— = [ 3 0 ] + t [ βˆ’ 1 1 ] \vec x = \begin{bmatrix} 3\\ 0\\ \end{bmatrix} +t \begin{bmatrix} -1\\ 1\\ \end{bmatrix} . Consider the following augmented matrix in RREF: [ 1 βˆ’ 1 0 0 βˆ’ 5 4 0 0 1 0 βˆ’ 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 βˆ’ 3 ] \left[\begin{array}{rrrrr|r} 1&-1&0&0&-5&4\\[0.5em] 0&0&1&0&-2&2\\[0.5em] 0&0&0&1&4&-3 \end{array}\right] If the unknowns in this system are x 1 , Β  x 2 , Β  x 3 , Β  x 4 , Β  x 5 x_1,\ x_2,\ x_3,\ x_4,\ x_5 , find the solution(s) to the linear system. Then, determine which of the following is the correct geometrical interpretation of the solution. A) The five hyperplanes intersect at a single point in R 5 \reals^5 B) The three hyperplanes are non-intersecting C) The three hyperplanes intersect in a line in R 5 \reals^5 D) The three hyperplanes intersect in a plane in R 5 \reals^5 E) None of the above I don't know
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[High School](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=high_school) [SAT](https://www.wizeprep.com/sat) [SAT Elite 1500](https://www.wizeprep.com/sat) [SAT Tutoring](https://www.wizeprep.com/sat-tutoring) [ACT](https://www.wizeprep.com/act) [ACT Elite 33](https://www.wizeprep.com/act) [ACT Tutoring](https://www.wizeprep.com/act-tutoring) [University](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=undergrad) [MCAT](https://www.wizeprep.com/mcat) [MCAT Elite 515](https://www.wizeprep.com/mcat) [Med-School Admissions](https://www.wizeprep.com/med-school-admissions) [Pre-Med Tutoring](https://www.wizeprep.com/pre-med-tutoring) [Pre-Med Plus](https://www.wizeprep.com/pre-med-plus) [LSAT](https://www.wizeprep.com/lsat) [LSAT Elite 170](https://www.wizeprep.com/lsat) [LSAT Self-Paced](https://www.wizeprep.com/lsat-self-paced) [LSAT Tutoring](https://www.wizeprep.com/lsat-tutoring) [DAT](https://www.wizeprep.com/dat) [DAT Elite](https://www.wizeprep.com/dat) [DAT Tutoring](https://www.wizeprep.com/dat-tutoring) Log in Get Started for Free [Wize University Linear Algebra Textbook \> Systems of Linear Equations (SLEs) (Linear Systems)](https://www.wizeprep.com/textbooks/undergrad/mathematics) # Geometric Interpretation of Linear Systems [Solving Linear SystemsPrevious Section](https://www.wizeprep.com/textbooks/undergrad/mathematics/4069/sections/104320) [Polynomial InterpolationNext Section](https://www.wizeprep.com/textbooks/undergrad/mathematics/4069/sections/2286892) ###### Popular Courses [Find My Course](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=undergrad&subject=mathematics) ![](https://d3rw207pwvlq3a.cloudfront.net/attachments/000/142/760/images/img_poster.0000000.jpg?1615772234) 10 10 0:00 / 0:00 1X ## Geometric Interpretation of Solutions to SLEs Linear systems are made up of equations of hyperplanes (e.g. lines in R 2 \\reals^2 R2 ; planes in R 3 \\reals^3 R3 ). A solution is the intersection of all the hyperplanes. #### R 2 \\colorOne{\\reals^2} R2 : Intersection of Lines - No intersection - Unique point of intersection (2 lines cross) - Infinitely many points of intersection - Line β†’ \\rightarrow β†’ 1-parameter family of solutions (same line) Example { βˆ’ x \+ y \= 2 y \= 1 ⟹ \[ βˆ’ 1 1 2 0 1 1 \] ⟹ x βƒ— \= \[ βˆ’ 1 1 \] P O I \\begin{cases} -x&+\&y&=&2\\\\ &\&y&=&1 \\end{cases} \\quad \\implies \\quad \\left\[ \\begin{array}{rr\|r} -1 & 1 & 2\\\\ 0 & 1 & 1\\\\ \\end{array} \\right\] \\quad \\implies \\quad \\overset{\\normalsize POI}{ \\boxed{ \\vec x = \\left\[ \\begin{array}{r} -1\\\\ 1 \\end{array} \\right\] }} {βˆ’x​\+​yy​\=\=​21β€‹βŸΉ\[βˆ’10​11​21​\]⟹ x \=\[βˆ’11​\] ​ POI ​ ![](https://d3rw207pwvlq3a.cloudfront.net/attachments/000/137/728/original/2D_line_intersection.png?1600794456) PAGE BREAK #### R 3 \\colorOne{\\reals^3} R3 : Intersection of Planes - No intersection - Unique point of intersection (requires 3 planes) - Infinitely many points of intersection - Line β†’ \\rightarrow β†’ 1-parameter family of solutions (2 planes intersect) - Plane β†’ \\rightarrow β†’ 2-parameter family of solutions (2 of the same plane) Example { βˆ’ x \+ y \= 2 y \= 1 ⟹ \[ βˆ’ 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 \] ⟹ x βƒ— \= \[ βˆ’ 1 1 0 \] \+ t \[ 0 0 1 \] line of intersection \\begin{cases} -x&+\&y&=&2\\\\ &\&y&=&1 \\end{cases} \\quad \\implies \\quad \\left\[ \\begin{array}{rrr\|r} -1 & 1 & 0 & 2\\\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 1\\\\ \\end{array} \\right\] \\quad \\implies \\quad \\overset{\\text{\\normalsize line of intersection}}{ \\boxed{ \\vec x = \\left\[ \\begin{array}{r} -1\\\\ 1\\\\ 0 \\end{array} \\right\] +t \\left\[ \\begin{array}{r} 0\\\\ 0\\\\ 1 \\end{array} \\right\] }} {βˆ’x​\+​yy​\=\=​21β€‹βŸΉ\[βˆ’10​11​00​21​\]⟹ x \= ​ βˆ’110​ ​ \+t ​ 001​ ​ ​ line of intersection ​ ![](https://d3rw207pwvlq3a.cloudfront.net/attachments/000/137/725/original/3D_intersecting_planes.png?1600794075) ![](https://d3rw207pwvlq3a.cloudfront.net/attachments/000/142/756/images/img_poster.0000000.jpg?1615772229) 10 10 0:00 / 0:00 1X Show Solutions ## Example: Geometric Interpretation of a Linear System Solve the system of linear equations and interpret the solution geometrically: 2 x \+ 2 y \= 6 βˆ’ x βˆ’ y \= βˆ’ 3 \\begin{array}{rl} 2x+2y&=6\\\\ -x-y&=-3\\\\ \\end{array} 2x\+2yβˆ’xβˆ’y​\=6\=βˆ’3​ Steps 1. Let's first write this in augmented matrix form: 2 x \+ 2 y \= 6 βˆ’ x βˆ’ y \= βˆ’ 3 β†’ \[ 2 2 6 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 3 \] \\begin{array}{rcr} 2x+2y&=&6\\\\\[0.2em\] -x-y&=&-3\\\\\[0.2em\] \\end{array} \\quad \\rightarrow \\quad \\left\[\\begin{array}{rr\|r} 2&2&6\\\\ -1&-1&-3\\\\ \\end{array}\\right\] 2x\+2yβˆ’xβˆ’y​\=\=​6βˆ’3​→\[2βˆ’1​2βˆ’1​6βˆ’3​\] 1. Turn the matrix into RREF using EROs: \[ 2 2 6 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 3 \] 1 2 R 1 ⟢ \[ 1 1 3 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 3 \] R 2 \+ R 1 ⟢ \[ 1 1 3 0 0 0 \] \\begin{aligned} &\\left\[\\begin{array}{rr\|r} 2&2&6\\\\ -1&-1&-3\\\\ \\end{array}\\right\] \\begin{array}{l} \\dfrac{1}{2}R\_1\\\\ \\\\ \\\\ \\end{array}\\\\\[2.5em\] \\longrightarrow &\\left\[\\begin{array}{rr\|r} 1&1&3\\\\ -1&-1&-3\\\\ \\end{array}\\right\] \\begin{array}{l} \\\\ R\_2 + R\_1\\\\ \\end{array}\\\\\[2.5em\] \\longrightarrow &\\left\[\\begin{array}{rr\|r} 1&1&3\\\\ 0&0&0\\\\ \\end{array}\\right\] \\end{aligned} βŸΆβŸΆβ€‹\[2βˆ’1​2βˆ’1​6βˆ’3​\]21​R1​​\[1βˆ’1​1βˆ’1​3βˆ’3​\]R2​\+R1​​\[10​10​30​\]​ 1. Find all solutions to the SLE: The coefficient matrix has just one leading 1, but 2 columns/variables: r a n k ( A ) \= 1 \< n \= 2 {\\rm rank}(A)=1 \\ \\ \\bm\< \\ \\ \\ n=2 rank(A)\=1 \< n\=2 Thus, there is 2 βˆ’ 1 \= 1 2-1 = 1 2βˆ’1\=1 free variable ( y y y ). Let y \= t y=t y\=t . Rewrite the augmented matrix back into a system of linear equations: { x \+ t \= 3 y \= t ⟹ { x \= 3 βˆ’ t y \= t \\begin{cases} x+t=3\\\\ y=t \\end{cases} \\quad\\implies\\quad \\begin{cases} x=3-t\\\\ y=t \\end{cases} {x\+t\=3y\=tβ€‹βŸΉ{x\=3βˆ’ty\=t​ Therefore, the solution is x βƒ— \= \[ 3 0 \] \+ t \[ βˆ’ 1 1 \] \\vec x = \\begin{bmatrix} 3\\\\ 0\\\\ \\end{bmatrix} +t \\begin{bmatrix} -1\\\\ 1\\\\ \\end{bmatrix} x \= \[30​\]\+t\[βˆ’11​\] . 1. Interpret the solution geometrically: We were given a system of linear equations in 2 variables ⟹ R 2 \\implies \\reals^2 ⟹R2 . Each equation is a hyperplane: in R 2 \\reals^2 R2 , hyperplanes are simply lines (in general, a hyperplane in R n \\reals^n Rn is n βˆ’ 1 n-1 nβˆ’1 dimensional). So we have 2 lines, but both lines are identical (hence reducing to a row of 0s). This means the lines intersect everywhere on the line defined by x βƒ— \= \[ 3 0 \] \+ t \[ βˆ’ 1 1 \] \\vec x = \\begin{bmatrix} 3\\\\ 0\\\\ \\end{bmatrix} +t \\begin{bmatrix} -1\\\\ 1\\\\ \\end{bmatrix} x \= \[30​\]\+t\[βˆ’11​\] . Consider the following augmented matrix in RREF: \[ 1 βˆ’ 1 0 0 βˆ’ 5 4 0 0 1 0 βˆ’ 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 βˆ’ 3 \] \\left\[\\begin{array}{rrrrr\|r} 1&-1&0&0&-5&4\\\\\[0.5em\] 0&0&1&0&-2&2\\\\\[0.5em\] 0&0&0&1&4&-3 \\end{array}\\right\] ​ 100β€‹βˆ’100​010​001β€‹βˆ’5βˆ’24​42βˆ’3​ ​ If the unknowns in this system are x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 x\_1,\\ x\_2,\\ x\_3,\\ x\_4,\\ x\_5 x1​, x2​, x3​, x4​, x5​ , find the solution(s) to the linear system. Then, determine which of the following is the correct geometrical interpretation of the solution. A) The five hyperplanes intersect at a single point in R 5 \\reals^5 R5 B) The three hyperplanes are non-intersecting C) The three hyperplanes intersect in a line in R 5 \\reals^5 R5 D) The three hyperplanes intersect in a plane in R 5 \\reals^5 R5 E) None of the above I don't know Check Submission ##### Extra Practice [What is the reduced row echelon form of an augmented matrix with three equations and three unknowns, a) If all solutions lie on the line \[ x y z \] = ( 3 , 1 , 0 ) + s ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) \[x\\ y\\ z\] =(3,1,0)+s(1,2,3) \[x y z\]=(3,1,0)+s(1,2,3) b) If all solutions lie on the plane x + y + 2 z = 1 x+y+2z=1 x+y+2z=1](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/125521) [For what value of p does the following system of equations have no solution? What is the geometric interpretation of these equations? x + 3 y = 1 x+3y=1 x+3y=1 p x βˆ’ 6 y = βˆ’ 4 px-6y=-4 pxβˆ’6y=βˆ’4](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/125513) [Practice Question 6: Solving Systems of Linear EquationsPractice Question: Solving Systems of Linear Equations The following equations represent three planes in ℝ3. Describe the regions of intersection. a) x 1 βˆ’ x 2 + 2 x 3 = 0 x\_1-x\_2+2x\_3=0 x1β€‹βˆ’x2​+2x3​=0](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/68880) [Solving Linear SystemsPractice: Geometric Interpretation of a Linear System Consider the following augmented matrix in RREF: \[ 1 βˆ’ 1 0 0 βˆ’ 5 4 0 0 1 0 βˆ’ 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 βˆ’ 3 \] \\left\[\\begin{array}{rrrrr\|r} 1&-1&0&0&-5&4\\\\\[0.5em\] 0&0&1&0&-2&2\\\\\[0.5em\] 0&0&0&1&4&-3 \\end{array}\\right\] ​ 100β€‹βˆ’100​010​001β€‹βˆ’5βˆ’24​42βˆ’3​ ​](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/115516) [Geometric Interpretation of Linear SystemsExample: Geometric Interpretation of a Linear System Solve the system of linear equations and interpret the solution geometrically: 2 x + 2 y = 6 βˆ’ x βˆ’ y = βˆ’ 3 \\begin{array}{rl} 2x+2y&=6\\\\ -x-y&=-3\\\\ \\end{array} 2x+2yβˆ’xβˆ’y​=6=βˆ’3​](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/122521) [Homogeneous equationsFind the solution(s) of Ax=0, if the solution of Ax=b is given as follows: x p = \[ 1 0 3 0 \] + s \[ βˆ’ 1 1 0 0 \] + t \[ 0 0 βˆ’ 2 3 \] x\_p=\\begin{bmatrix} 1\\\\ 0\\\\ 3\\\\ 0 \\end{bmatrix}+s\\begin{bmatrix} -1\\\\ 1\\\\ 0\\\\ 0 \\end{bmatrix}+t\\begin{bmatrix} 0\\\\ 0\\\\ -2\\\\ 3 \\end{bmatrix} xp​= ​ 1030​ ​ + s ​ βˆ’1100​ ​ + t ​ 00βˆ’23​ ​](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/125514) [Interpretation of Linear SystemsWhich of the following describes the intersection between the following 3 hyperplanes in R 4 \\reals^4 R4 ? 2 x 1 + 3 x 3 + x 4 = 1 x 2 βˆ’ x 4 = 0 x 2 = βˆ’ 3 \\begin{array}{rcl} 2x\_1+3x\_3+x\_4&=&1\\\\ x\_2-x\_4&=&0\\\\ x\_2&=&-3 \\end{array} 2x1​+3x3​+x4​x2β€‹βˆ’x4​x2​​===​10βˆ’3​](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/125504) [The following linear equations represent planes in R 3 R^3 R3 . Describe the intersection of these planes (if any). 2 x + y βˆ’ z = 3 x βˆ’ y βˆ’ z = 3 3 x + z = 6 \\begin{array}{c} 2x+y-z=3\\\\ x-y-z=3\\\\ 3x+z=6 \\end{array} 2x+yβˆ’z=3xβˆ’yβˆ’z=33x+z=6​](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/19846) [Homogeneous equationsFind the solution(s) of Ax=0, if the solution of Ax=b is given as follows: x p = \[ 1 0 3 0 \] + s \[ βˆ’ 1 1 0 0 \] + t \[ 0 0 βˆ’ 2 3 \] x\_p=\\begin{bmatrix} 1\\\\ 0\\\\ 3\\\\ 0 \\end{bmatrix}+s\\begin{bmatrix} -1\\\\ 1\\\\ 0\\\\ 0 \\end{bmatrix}+t\\begin{bmatrix} 0\\\\ 0\\\\ -2\\\\ 3 \\end{bmatrix} xp​= ​ 1030​ ​ + s ​ βˆ’1100​ ​ + t ​ 00βˆ’23​ ​](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/42057) [Practice: Solutions to a System of Equations (Step 3)Practice: Solutions to a System of Equations (Step 3) Find the solution(s) to the systems of linear equations whose augmented matrices are given: a.) \[ 1 βˆ’ 1 0 3 0 0 1 2 \] \\left\[ \\begin{array}{ccc\|c} 1&-1&0&3\\\\ 0&0&1&2\\\\ \\end{array}\\right\] \[10β€‹βˆ’10​01​32​\]](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/102016) [System of Equationse.g. True or False: if a linear system has more unknowns than equations, then it must have infinitely many solutions. Justify your answer with a proof or counter-example.](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/52126) [System of EquationsTrue or False: if a linear system has more unknowns than equations, then it must have infinitely many solutions. Justify your answer with a proof or counter-example.](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/55869) [Linear combinationsIf u βƒ— = \[ 5 βˆ’ 2 3 \] \\vec{u}=\\begin{bmatrix}5\\\\-2\\\\3\\end{bmatrix} u = ​ 5βˆ’23​ ​ is a linear combination of v βƒ— = \[ βˆ’ 2 k 3 \] \\vec{v}=\\begin{bmatrix}-2\\\\k\\\\3\\end{bmatrix} v = ​ βˆ’2k3​ ​ and w βƒ— = \[ 3 2 βˆ’ 1 \] \\vec{w}=\\begin{bmatrix}3\\\\2\\\\-1\\end{bmatrix} w = ​ 32βˆ’1​ ​ , what is the value of k k k ?](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/167) [Solving Linear SystemsConsider the following augmented matrix in RREF: \[ 1 βˆ’ 1 0 0 βˆ’ 5 4 0 0 1 0 βˆ’ 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 βˆ’ 3 \] \\left\[\\begin{array}{rrrrr\|r} 1&-1&0&0&-5&4\\\\\[0.5em\] 0&0&1&0&-2&2\\\\\[0.5em\] 0&0&0&1&4&-3 \\end{array}\\right\] ​ 100β€‹βˆ’100​010​001β€‹βˆ’5βˆ’24​42βˆ’3​ ​ If the unknowns in this system are x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 x\_1,\\ x\_2,\\ x\_3,\\ x\_4,\\ x\_5 x1​, x2​, x3​, x4​, x5​ , find the solution(s) to the linear system.](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/125415) [Solving Linear SystemsConsider the following augmented matrix in RREF: \[ 1 βˆ’ 1 0 0 βˆ’ 5 4 0 0 1 0 βˆ’ 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 βˆ’ 3 \] \\left\[\\begin{array}{rrrrr\|r} 1&-1&0&0&-5&4\\\\\[0.5em\] 0&0&1&0&-2&2\\\\\[0.5em\] 0&0&0&1&4&-3 \\end{array}\\right\] ​ 100β€‹βˆ’100​010​001β€‹βˆ’5βˆ’24​42βˆ’3​ ​ If the unknowns in this system are x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 x\_1,\\ x\_2,\\ x\_3,\\ x\_4,\\ x\_5 x1​, x2​, x3​, x4​, x5​ , find the solution(s) to the linear system.](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/106324) [Basics of Systems of Linear EquationsDetermine which vectors are solutions to the following SLE \[select all that apply\]: x 1 βˆ’ 5 x 2 + x 3 = 2 βˆ’ x 1 + 5 x 2 βˆ’ 3 x 3 = βˆ’ 6 \\begin{alignedat}{8} x\_1\\ &-&\\ 5x\_2\\ &+& x\_3 &=& 2\\\\ -x\_1\\ &+& 5x\_2\\ &-& 3x\_3 &=&\\ -6 \\end{alignedat} x1​ βˆ’x1​ β€‹βˆ’+​ 5x2​ 5x2​ ​+βˆ’β€‹x3​3x3​​==​2 βˆ’6​](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/106132) [Interpretation of Linear SystemsWhich of the following describes the intersection between the following 3 hyperplanes in R 4 \\reals^4 R4 ? 2 x 1 + 3 x 3 + x 4 = 1 x 2 βˆ’ x 4 = 0 x 2 = βˆ’ 3 \\begin{array}{rcl} 2x\_1+3x\_3+x\_4&=&1\\\\ x\_2-x\_4&=&0\\\\ x\_2&=&-3 \\end{array} 2x1​+3x3​+x4​x2β€‹βˆ’x4​x2​​===​10βˆ’3​](https://www.wizeprep.com/practice-questions/114614) ###### Company [About](https://www.wizeprep.com/about)[Careers](https://www.wizeprep.com/careers)[Blog](https://www.wizeprep.com/blog)[Free Resources](https://www.wizeprep.com/blog?category=free_resources)[Pricing](https://www.wizeprep.com/pricing)[Help Center](https://help.wizeprep.com/)[Scholarships](https://www.wizeprep.com/scholarships) ###### University [Calculus](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=undergrad&subject=mathematics)[Chemistry](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=undergrad&subject=chemistry)[Biology](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=undergrad&subject=biology)[Statistics](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=undergrad&subject=statistics)[Textbooks](https://www.wizeprep.com/textbooks/undergrad)[See All](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=undergrad) ###### High School [HS Math](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=high_school&subject=mathematics) [HS Biology](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=high_school&subject=biology) [HS Chemistry](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=high_school&subject=chemistry) [HS English](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=high_school&subject=english) [HS Textbooks](https://www.wizeprep.com/textbooks/high-school) [AP Textbooks](https://www.wizeprep.com/textbooks/ap) [See All](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=high_school) ###### MCAT [MCAT Programs](https://www.wizeprep.com/mcat)[Free MCAT Resources](https://www.wizeprep.com/mcat/free-resources)[MCAT Events](https://www.wizeprep.com/mcat/events)[Med School Calculator](https://www.wizeprep.com/med-school-calculator)[MCAT Blog](https://www.wizeprep.com/blog?category=mcat) Terms of Use \| Privacy Policy ###### Wizedemy Inc. 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[Wize University Linear Algebra Textbook \> Systems of Linear Equations (SLEs) (Linear Systems)](https://www.wizeprep.com/textbooks/undergrad/mathematics) ###### Popular Courses [Find My Course](https://www.wizeprep.com/courses?school_type=undergrad&subject=mathematics) ![](https://d3rw207pwvlq3a.cloudfront.net/attachments/000/142/760/images/img_poster.0000000.jpg?1615772234) 0:00 / 0:00 ## Geometric Interpretation of Solutions to SLEs Linear systems are made up of equations of hyperplanes (e.g. lines in R 2 \\reals^2; planes in R 3 \\reals^3). A solution is the intersection of all the hyperplanes. #### R 2 \\colorOne{\\reals^2}: Intersection of Lines - No intersection - Unique point of intersection (2 lines cross) - Infinitely many points of intersection - Line β†’ \\rightarrow 1-parameter family of solutions (same line) Example { βˆ’ x \+ y \= 2 y \= 1 ⟹ \[ βˆ’ 1 1 2 0 1 1 \] ⟹ x βƒ— \= \[ βˆ’ 1 1 \] P O I \\begin{cases} -x&+\&y&=&2\\\\ &\&y&=&1 \\end{cases} \\quad \\implies \\quad \\left\[ \\begin{array}{rr\|r} -1 & 1 & 2\\\\ 0 & 1 & 1\\\\ \\end{array} \\right\] \\quad \\implies \\quad \\overset{\\normalsize POI}{ \\boxed{ \\vec x = \\left\[ \\begin{array}{r} -1\\\\ 1 \\end{array} \\right\] }} ![](https://d3rw207pwvlq3a.cloudfront.net/attachments/000/137/728/original/2D_line_intersection.png?1600794456) PAGE BREAK #### R 3 \\colorOne{\\reals^3}: Intersection of Planes - No intersection - Unique point of intersection (requires 3 planes) - Infinitely many points of intersection - Line β†’ \\rightarrow 1-parameter family of solutions (2 planes intersect) - Plane β†’ \\rightarrow 2-parameter family of solutions (2 of the same plane) Example { βˆ’ x \+ y \= 2 y \= 1 ⟹ \[ βˆ’ 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 \] ⟹ x βƒ— \= \[ βˆ’ 1 1 0 \] \+ t \[ 0 0 1 \] line of intersection \\begin{cases} -x&+\&y&=&2\\\\ &\&y&=&1 \\end{cases} \\quad \\implies \\quad \\left\[ \\begin{array}{rrr\|r} -1 & 1 & 0 & 2\\\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 1\\\\ \\end{array} \\right\] \\quad \\implies \\quad \\overset{\\text{\\normalsize line of intersection}}{ \\boxed{ \\vec x = \\left\[ \\begin{array}{r} -1\\\\ 1\\\\ 0 \\end{array} \\right\] +t \\left\[ \\begin{array}{r} 0\\\\ 0\\\\ 1 \\end{array} \\right\] }} ![](https://d3rw207pwvlq3a.cloudfront.net/attachments/000/137/725/original/3D_intersecting_planes.png?1600794075) ![](https://d3rw207pwvlq3a.cloudfront.net/attachments/000/142/756/images/img_poster.0000000.jpg?1615772229) 0:00 / 0:00 ## Example: Geometric Interpretation of a Linear System Solve the system of linear equations and interpret the solution geometrically: 2 x \+ 2 y \= 6 βˆ’ x βˆ’ y \= βˆ’ 3 \\begin{array}{rl} 2x+2y&=6\\\\ -x-y&=-3\\\\ \\end{array} Steps 1. Let's first write this in augmented matrix form: 2 x \+ 2 y \= 6 βˆ’ x βˆ’ y \= βˆ’ 3 β†’ \[ 2 2 6 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 3 \] \\begin{array}{rcr} 2x+2y&=&6\\\\\[0.2em\] -x-y&=&-3\\\\\[0.2em\] \\end{array} \\quad \\rightarrow \\quad \\left\[\\begin{array}{rr\|r} 2&2&6\\\\ -1&-1&-3\\\\ \\end{array}\\right\] 1. Turn the matrix into RREF using EROs: \[ 2 2 6 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 3 \] 1 2 R 1 ⟢ \[ 1 1 3 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ 3 \] R 2 \+ R 1 ⟢ \[ 1 1 3 0 0 0 \] \\begin{aligned} &\\left\[\\begin{array}{rr\|r} 2&2&6\\\\ -1&-1&-3\\\\ \\end{array}\\right\] \\begin{array}{l} \\dfrac{1}{2}R\_1\\\\ \\\\ \\\\ \\end{array}\\\\\[2.5em\] \\longrightarrow &\\left\[\\begin{array}{rr\|r} 1&1&3\\\\ -1&-1&-3\\\\ \\end{array}\\right\] \\begin{array}{l} \\\\ R\_2 + R\_1\\\\ \\end{array}\\\\\[2.5em\] \\longrightarrow &\\left\[\\begin{array}{rr\|r} 1&1&3\\\\ 0&0&0\\\\ \\end{array}\\right\] \\end{aligned} 1. Find all solutions to the SLE: The coefficient matrix has just one leading 1, but 2 columns/variables: r a n k ( A ) \= 1 \< n \= 2 {\\rm rank}(A)=1 \\ \\ \\bm\< \\ \\ \\ n=2 Thus, there is 2 βˆ’ 1 \= 1 2-1 = 1 free variable (y y). Let y \= t y=t. Rewrite the augmented matrix back into a system of linear equations: { x \+ t \= 3 y \= t ⟹ { x \= 3 βˆ’ t y \= t \\begin{cases} x+t=3\\\\ y=t \\end{cases} \\quad\\implies\\quad \\begin{cases} x=3-t\\\\ y=t \\end{cases} Therefore, the solution is x βƒ— \= \[ 3 0 \] \+ t \[ βˆ’ 1 1 \] \\vec x = \\begin{bmatrix} 3\\\\ 0\\\\ \\end{bmatrix} +t \\begin{bmatrix} -1\\\\ 1\\\\ \\end{bmatrix}. 1. Interpret the solution geometrically: We were given a system of linear equations in 2 variables ⟹ R 2 \\implies \\reals^2. Each equation is a hyperplane: in R 2 \\reals^2, hyperplanes are simply lines (in general, a hyperplane in R n \\reals^n is n βˆ’ 1 n-1 dimensional). So we have 2 lines, but both lines are identical (hence reducing to a row of 0s). This means the lines intersect everywhere on the line defined by x βƒ— \= \[ 3 0 \] \+ t \[ βˆ’ 1 1 \] \\vec x = \\begin{bmatrix} 3\\\\ 0\\\\ \\end{bmatrix} +t \\begin{bmatrix} -1\\\\ 1\\\\ \\end{bmatrix}. Consider the following augmented matrix in RREF: \[ 1 βˆ’ 1 0 0 βˆ’ 5 4 0 0 1 0 βˆ’ 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 βˆ’ 3 \] \\left\[\\begin{array}{rrrrr\|r} 1&-1&0&0&-5&4\\\\\[0.5em\] 0&0&1&0&-2&2\\\\\[0.5em\] 0&0&0&1&4&-3 \\end{array}\\right\] If the unknowns in this system are x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 x\_1,\\ x\_2,\\ x\_3,\\ x\_4,\\ x\_5, find the solution(s) to the linear system. Then, determine which of the following is the correct geometrical interpretation of the solution. A) The five hyperplanes intersect at a single point in R 5 \\reals^5 B) The three hyperplanes are non-intersecting C) The three hyperplanes intersect in a line in R 5 \\reals^5 D) The three hyperplanes intersect in a plane in R 5 \\reals^5 E) None of the above I don't know
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