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1. Shard Calculation

Query:
Response:
Calculated Shard: 40 (from laksa062)

2. Crawled Status Check

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3. Robots.txt Check

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4. Spam/Ban Check

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5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄
INDEXABLE
✅
CRAWLED
5 hours ago
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ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

FilterStatusConditionDetails
HTTP statusPASSdownload_http_code = 200HTTP 200
Age cutoffPASSdownload_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH0 months ago
History dropPASSisNull(history_drop_reason)No drop reason
Spam/banPASSfh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0ml_spam_score=0
CanonicalPASSmeta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsedNot set

Page Details

PropertyValue
URLhttps://www.w3schools.com/python/
Last Crawled2026-04-09 21:13:54 (5 hours ago)
First Indexed2018-05-19 04:07:14 (7 years ago)
HTTP Status Code200
Meta TitlePython Tutorial
Meta DescriptionWell organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more.
Meta Canonicalnull
Boilerpipe Text
Python Tutorial Learn Python Python is a popular programming language. Python can be used on a server to create web applications. Start learning Python now » Tip: Sign in to track your progress. Learning by Examples With our "Try it Yourself" editor, you can edit Python code and view the result. Click on the "Try it Yourself" button to see how it works. Python File Handling In our File Handling section you will learn how to open, read, write, and delete files. Python File Handling Python Database Handling In our database section you will learn how to access and work with MySQL and MongoDB databases: Python MySQL Tutorial Python MongoDB Tutorial Python Exercises Many chapters in this tutorial end with an exercise where you can check your level of knowledge. See all Python Exercises Python Examples Learn by examples! This tutorial supplements all explanations with clarifying examples. See All Python Examples Python Quiz Test your Python skills with a quiz. Python Quiz Track Your Progress Note This is an optional feature. You can study at W3Schools without creating an account. Python Reference You will also find complete function and method references: Download Python Download Python from the official Python web site: https://python.org Kickstart your career Get certified by completing the course Get certified w 3 s c h o o l s C E R T I F I E D . 2 0 2 6
Markdown
[Tutorials]("Tutorials and References") [References]("References") [Exercises]("Exercises and Quizzes") [Certificates]("Certificates") [Menu]("Menu") Search field *×* [See More]() Sign In [★ +1](https://profile.w3schools.com/log-in "Your W3Schools Profile") [Get Certified](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog "W3Schools Certificates") [Upgrade](https://order.w3schools.com/plans "Become a PLUS user and unlock powerful features") [Teachers](https://www.w3schools.com/academy/index.php "Contact us about W3Schools Academy for educational institutions") [Spaces](https://www.w3schools.com/spaces/index.php "Get Your Own Website With W3Schools Spaces") [Bootcamps](https://www.w3schools.com/bootcamp/index.php "W3Schools Bootcamps") [Get Certified](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog "W3Schools Certificates") [Upgrade](https://order.w3schools.com/plans "Get personalized learning journey based on your current skills and goals") [Teachers](https://www.w3schools.com/academy/index.php "Contact us about W3Schools Academy for educational institutions") [Spaces](https://spaces.w3schools.com/ "Go to Your W3Schools Space") [Bootcamps](https://www.w3schools.com/bootcamp/index.php "W3Schools Bootcamps")  [My W3Schools](https://pathfinder.w3schools.com/ "My W3Schools") Tutorials References Exercises Certificates [Spaces](https://www.w3schools.com/spaces/index.php "Get Your Own Website With W3Schools Spaces") [Get Certified](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog "W3Schools Certificates") [Plus](https://order.w3schools.com/plans "Become a PLUS user and unlock powerful features") [Bootcamps](https://www.w3schools.com/bootcamp/index.php "W3Schools Bootcamps") [Academy](https://www.w3schools.com/academy/index.php "W3Schools Academy") All our Services [Logout](https://profile.w3schools.com/logout "Logout") [**](https://www.linkedin.com/company/w3schools.com/ "W3Schools on LinkedIn") 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Tutorial") [Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/excel/index.php "Excel Tutorial") [Learn Google Sheets](https://www.w3schools.com/googlesheets/index.php "Google Sheets Tutorial") [Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/googlesheets/index.php "Google Sheets Tutorial") ### Web Building [Create a Website](https://www.w3schools.com/spaces/index.php "Get Your Own Website With W3schools Spaces") [Create a Server NEW](https://www.w3schools.com/spaces/index.php "Get Your Own Server With W3schools Spaces") [Where To Start](https://www.w3schools.com/where_to_start.asp "Where To Start - Web Development") [Web Templates](https://www.w3schools.com/w3css/w3css_templates.asp "Free Web Templates") [Web Statistics](https://www.w3schools.com/browsers/default.asp "Web Statistics") [Web Certificates](https://campus.w3schools.com/ "Certificates") [Web Development](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/default.asp "Web Development Roadmaps") [Introduction to 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Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/default.asp "CSS Reference") [W3.CSS Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/w3css/w3css_references.asp "W3.CSS Reference") [Bootstrap 3 Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap/bootstrap_ref_all_classes.asp "Bootstrap3 Reference") [Bootstrap 4 Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap4/bootstrap_ref_all_classes.asp "Bootstrap4 Reference") [Color Names](https://www.w3schools.com/colors/colors_names.asp "Color Names") [Icons Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/icons/default.asp "Icons Reference") [SVG Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/graphics/svg_reference.asp "SVG Reference") [Canvas Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/graphics/canvas_reference.asp "Canvas Reference") [Sass Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/sass/sass_functions_string.php "SASS Reference") [UTF-8 Charset Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/charsets/default.asp "UTF-8 Reference") [UTF-8 Emojis Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/charsets/ref_emoji_smileys.asp "UTF-8 Emojis Reference") ### JavaScript [JavaScript Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/default.asp "JavaScript Reference") [HTML DOM Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/dom_obj_document.asp "HTML DOM Reference") [jQuery Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/jquery/jquery_ref_overview.asp "jQuery Reference") [Vue Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/vue/vue_ref_builtin-attributes.php "Vue Reference") [Angular Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/angular/angularjs_ref_directives.asp "Angular Reference") [JSON Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_obj_json.asp "JSON Reference") [AppML Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/appml/appml_reference.asp "AppML Reference") [W3.JS Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/e3js/w3js_references.asp "W3.JS Reference") ### Backend [Python Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_reference.asp "Python Reference") [SQL Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_ref_keywords.asp "SQL Reference") [MySQL Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/mysql/mysql_datatypes.asp "MySQL Reference") [PHP Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_ref_overview.asp "PHP Reference") [Java Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_ref_reference.asp "Java Reference") [C Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_ref_reference.php "C Reference") [C++ Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_ref_reference.asp "C++ Reference") [Django Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/django/django_ref_template_tags.php "Django Reference") [ASP Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/asp/asp_ref_vbscript_functions.asp "ASP Reference") [Node.js Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/ref_modules.asp "Node.js Reference") [XML Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/xml/dom_nodetype.asp "XML Reference") × ## **Exercises** Excercises filter input × ### HTML and CSS [HTML](https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_exercises.asp "HTML Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_exercises.asp "HTML Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_quiz.asp "HTML Quizzes") [Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_challenges.asp "HTML Code Challenges") [CSS](https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_exercises.asp "CSS Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_exercises.asp "CSS Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_quiz.asp "CSS Quizzes") [Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_challenges.asp "CSS Code Challenges") [Bootstrap 3](https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap/bootstrap_exercises.asp "Bootstrap 3 Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap/bootstrap_exercises.asp "Bootstrap 3 Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap/bootstrap_quiz.asp "Bootstrap 3 Quizzes") [Bootstrap 4](https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap4/bootstrap_exercises.asp "Bootstrap 4 Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap4/bootstrap_exercises.asp "Bootstrap 4 Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap4/bootstrap_quiz.asp "Bootstrap 4 Quizzes") [Bootstrap 5](https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap5/bootstrap_exercises.php "Bootstrap 5 Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap5/bootstrap_exercises.php "Bootstrap 5 Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap5/bootstrap_quiz.php "Bootstrap 5 Quizzes") ### Data Analytics [DSA](https://www.w3schools.com/dsa/dsa_exercises.php "DSA Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/dsa/dsa_exercises.php "DSA Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/dsa/dsa_quiz.php "DSA Quizzes") [NumPy](https://www.w3schools.com/python/numpy/numpy_exercises.asp "NumPy Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/python/numpy/numpy_exercises.asp "NumPy Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/python/numpy/numpy_quiz.asp "NumPy Quizzes") [Pandas](https://www.w3schools.com/python/pandas/pandas_exercises.asp "Pandas Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/python/pandas/pandas_exercises.asp "Pandas Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/python/pandas/pandas_quiz.asp "Pandas Quizzes") [SciPy](https://www.w3schools.com/python/scipy/scipy_exercises.php "SciPy Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/python/scipy/scipy_exercises.php "SciPy Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/python/scipy/scipy_quiz.php "SciPy Quizzes") [Excel](https://www.w3schools.com/excel/excel_exercises.php "Excel Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/excel/excel_exercises.php "Excel Exercises") [What is an Exercise?](https://www.w3schools.com/exercises/index.php "W3Schools Exercises") [What is a Quiz?](https://www.w3schools.com/quiztest/default.asp "W3Schools Quizzes") [What is a Challenge?](https://www.w3schools.com/challenges/index.php "W3Schools Challenges") ### JavaScript [JavaScript](https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_exercises.asp "JavaScript Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_exercises.asp "JavaScript Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_quiz.asp "JavaScript Quizzes") [React](https://www.w3schools.com/react/react_exercises.asp "React Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/react/react_exercises.asp "React Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/react/react_quiz.asp "React Quizzes") [jQuery](https://www.w3schools.com/jquery/jquery_exercises.asp "jQuery Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/jquery/jquery_exercises.asp "jQuery Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/jquery/jquery_quiz.asp "jQuery Quizzes") [Vue](https://www.w3schools.com/vue/vue_exercises.php "Vue Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/vue/vue_exercises.php "Vue Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/vue/vue_quiz.php "Vue Quizzes") [Angular](https://www.w3schools.com/angular/angular_exercises.asp "Angular Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/angular/angular_exercises.asp "Angular Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/angular/angular_quiz.asp "Angular Quizzes") ### Backend [Python](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_exercises.asp "Python Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_exercises.asp "Python Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_quiz.asp "Python Quizzes") [Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges.asp "Python Code Challenges") [SQL](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_exercises.asp "SQL Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_exercises.asp "SQL Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_quiz.asp "SQL Quizzes") [MySQL](https://www.w3schools.com/mysql/mysql_exercises.asp "MySQL Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/mysql/mysql_exercises.asp "MySQL Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/mysql/mysql_quiz.asp "MySQL Quizzes") [PHP](https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_exercises.asp "PHP Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_exercises.asp "PHP Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_quiz.asp "PHP Quizzes") [Java](https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_exercises.asp "Java Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_exercises.asp "Java Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_quiz.asp "Java Quizzes") [Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_challenges.asp "Java Code Challenges") [C](https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_exercises.php "C Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_exercises.php "C Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_quiz.php "C Quizzes") [Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_challenges.php "C Challenges") [C++](https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_exercises.asp "C++ Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_exercises.asp "C++ Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_quiz.asp "C++ Quizzes") [Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_challenges.asp "C++ Code Challenges") [C\#](https://www.w3schools.com/cs/cs_exercises.php "C# Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/cs/cs_exercises.php "C# Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/cs/cs_quiz.php "C# Quizzes") [R](https://www.w3schools.com/r/r_exercises.asp "R Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/r/r_exercises.asp "R Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/r/r_quiz.asp "R Quizzes") [Kotlin](https://www.w3schools.com/kotlin/kotlin_exercises.php "Kotlin Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/kotlin/kotlin_exercises.php "Kotlin Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/kotlin/kotlin_quiz.php "Kotlin Quizzes") [Django](https://www.w3schools.com/django/django_exercises.php "Django Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/django/django_exercises.php "Django Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/django/django_quiz.php "Django Quizzes") [Node.js](https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/nodejs_exercises.asp "Node.js Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/nodejs_exercises.asp "Node.js Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/nodejs_quiz.asp "Node.js Quizzes") [PostgreSQL](https://www.w3schools.com/postgresql/postgresql_exercises.php "PostgreSQL Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/postgresql/postgresql_exercises.php "PostgreSQL Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/postgresql/postgresql_quiz.php "PostgreSQL Quizzes") [TypeScript](https://www.w3schools.com/typescript/typescript_exercises.php "TypeScript Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/typescript/typescript_exercises.php "TypeScript Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/typescript/typescript_quiz.php "TypeScript Quizzes") [Git](https://www.w3schools.com/git/git_exercises.asp "Git Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/git/git_exercises.asp "Git Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/git/git_quiz.asp "Git Quizzes") [Bash](https://www.w3schools.com/bash/bash_exercises.php "Bash Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/bash/bash_exercises.php "Bash Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/bash/bash_quiz.php "Bash Quizzes") [Go](https://www.w3schools.com/go/go_exercises.php "Go Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/go/go_exercises.php "Go Exercises") [MongoDB](https://www.w3schools.com/mongodb/mongodb_exercises.php "MongoDB Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/mongodb/mongodb_exercises.php "MongoDB Exercises") ### Data Analytics [DSA](https://www.w3schools.com/dsa/dsa_exercises.php "DSA Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/dsa/dsa_exercises.php "DSA Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/dsa/dsa_quiz.php "DSA Quizzes") [NumPy](https://www.w3schools.com/python/numpy/numpy_exercises.asp "NumPy Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/python/numpy/numpy_exercises.asp "NumPy Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/python/numpy/numpy_quiz.asp "NumPy Quizzes") [Pandas](https://www.w3schools.com/python/pandas/pandas_exercises.asp "Pandas Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/python/pandas/pandas_exercises.asp "Pandas Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/python/pandas/pandas_quiz.asp "Pandas Quizzes") [SciPy](https://www.w3schools.com/python/scipy/scipy_exercises.php "SciPy Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/python/scipy/scipy_exercises.php "SciPy Exercises") [Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/python/scipy/scipy_quiz.php "SciPy Quizzes") [Excel](https://www.w3schools.com/excel/excel_exercises.php "Excel Exercises") [Exercise](https://www.w3schools.com/excel/excel_exercises.php "Excel Exercises") [What is an Exercise?](https://www.w3schools.com/exercises/index.php "W3Schools Exercises") [What is a Quiz?](https://www.w3schools.com/quiztest/default.asp "W3Schools Quizzes") [What is a Code Challenge?](https://www.w3schools.com/challenges/index.php "W3Schools Code Challenges") × ## **Certificates** Filter field for certifications × ### HTML and CSS [HTML](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/html-certificate "HTML Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/html-certificate "HTML Certification Exam") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/html-course "Paid HTML Course") [Bootcamp](https://www.w3schools.com/bootcamp/html-css.php "HTML Bootcamp") [CSS](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/css-certificate "CSS Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/css-certificate "CSS Certification Exam") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/css-course "Paid CSS Course") [Bootcamp](https://www.w3schools.com/bootcamp/html-css.php "CSS Bootcamp") [Bootstrap 3](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/bootstrap-3-certificate "Bootstrap 3 Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/bootstrap-3-certificate "Bootstrap 3 Certification Exam") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/single-courses/products/bootstrap-course "Paid Bootstrap 3 Course") [Bootstrap 4](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/bootstrap-4-certificate "Bootstrap 4 Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/bootstrap-4-certificate "Bootstrap 4 Certification Exam") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/single-courses/products/bootstrap-4-course "Paid Bootstrap 4 Course") [Bootstrap 5](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/bootstrap-5-certificate "Bootstrap 5 Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/bootstrap-5-certificate "Bootstrap 5 Certification Exam") ### Data Analytics [DSA](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/dsa-certification-exam "DSA Certificate Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/dsa-certification-exam "DSA Certificate Exam") [Data Analytics](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/data-analytics-program "Paid Data Analytics Course") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/data-analytics-program "Paid Data Analytics Course") [NumPy](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/numpy-certification-exam "NumPy Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/numpy-certification-exam "NumPy Certification Exam") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/numpy-course "Paid NumPy Course") [Pandas](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/pandas-certification-exam "Pandas Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/pandas-certification-exam "Pandas Certification Exam") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/pandas-course "Paid Pandas Course") [Excel](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/excel-certificate "Excel Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/excel-certificate "Excel Certification Exam") [Social Media](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-best-sellers/products/social-media-marketing-course "Paid Social Media Course") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-best-sellers/products/social-media-marketing-course "Paid Social Media Course") [What is a Certificate?](https://campus.w3schools.com/ "W3Schools Campus") [What is a Bootcamp?](https://www.w3schools.com/bootcamp/index.php "W3Schools Bootcamps") ### Programs [Full Access Best Value\!](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/w3schools-full-access-course "Paid Full Access Course") [Front End](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/front-end-course "Paid Front End Course") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/front-end-certificate "Front End Certification Exam") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/front-end-course "Paid Front End Development Course") [Web Dev.](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/modern-web-development-certification "Web Development Certification") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/modern-web-development-certification "Web Development Certification") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-best-sellers/products/learn-modern-web-development "Paid Web Development Course") [Web App](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/web-application-development-certificates "Web Application Development Certification") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/web-application-development-certificates "Web Application Development Certification") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-best-sellers/products/web-application-development-course "Paid Web Application Course") [Web Design](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/web-design-certification "Web Design Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/web-design-certification "Web Design Certification Exam") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-best-sellers/products/learn-web-design "Paid Web Design Course") ### JavaScript [JavaScript](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/javascript-certificate "JavaScript Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/javascript-certificate "JavaScript Certification Exam") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/javascript-course "Paid JavaScript Course") [Bootcamp](https://www.w3schools.com/bootcamp/javascript.php "JavaScript Bootcamp") [React](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/react-js-certificate "React.js Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/react-js-certificate "React.js Certification Exam") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/react-js-course "Paid React.js Course") [Bootcamp](https://www.w3schools.com/bootcamp/react.php "React Bootcamp") [jQuery](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/jquery-certificate "jQuery Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/jquery-certificate "jQuery Certification Exam") [Course](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/jquery-course "Paid jQuery Course") [Vue](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/vue-js-certification-exam "Vue Certification Exam") [Certificate](https://campus.w3schools.com/products/vue-js-certification-exam "Vue Certification Exam") ### Programs [Full Access Best 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Items](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dictionaries_access.asp) [Change Items](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dictionaries_change.asp) [Add Items](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dictionaries_add.asp) [Remove Items](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dictionaries_remove.asp) [Loop Dictionaries](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dictionaries_loop.asp) [Copy Dictionaries](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dictionaries_copy.asp) [Nested Dictionaries](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dictionaries_nested.asp) [Dictionary Methods](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dictionaries_methods.asp) [Dictionary Exercises](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dictionaries_exercises.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_dictionaries_basics.asp) [Python If...Else](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_conditions.asp) [Python If](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_conditions.asp) [Python Elif](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_if_elif.asp) [Python Else](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_if_else.asp) [Shorthand If](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_if_shorthand.asp) [Logical Operators](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_if_logical.asp) [Nested If](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_if_nested_if.asp) [Pass Statement](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_if_pass.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_if_basics.asp) [Python Match](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_match.asp) [Match](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_match.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_match.asp) [Python While Loops](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_while_loops.asp) [While Loops](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_while_loops.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_while_loops.asp) [Python For Loops](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_for_loops.asp) [For Loops](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_for_loops.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_for_loops.asp) [Python Functions](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_functions.asp) [Python Functions](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_functions.asp) [Python Arguments](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_arguments.asp) [Python \*args / \*\*kwargs](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_args_kwargs.asp) [Python Scope](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_scope.asp) [Python Decorators](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_decorators.asp) [Python Lambda](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_lambda.asp) [Python Recursion](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_recursion.asp) [Python Generators](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_generators.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_functions_basics.asp) [Python Range](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_range.asp) [Range](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_range.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_range.asp) [Python Arrays](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_arrays.asp) [Arrays](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_arrays.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_arrays.asp) [Python Iterators](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_iterators.asp) [Iterators](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_iterators.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_iterators.asp) [Python Modules](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_modules.asp) [Modules](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_modules.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_modules.asp) [Python Dates](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_datetime.asp) [Dates](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_datetime.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_datetime.asp) [Python Math](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_math.asp) [Math](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_math.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_math.asp) [Python JSON](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_json.asp) [JSON](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_json.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_json.asp) [Python RegEx](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_regex.asp) [RegEx](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_regex.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_regex.asp) [Python PIP](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_pip.asp) [Python Try...Except](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_try_except.asp) [Try...Except](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_try_except.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_try_except.asp) [Python String Formatting](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_string_formatting.asp) [String Formatting](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_string_formatting.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_string_formatting.asp) [Python None](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_none.asp) [None](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_none.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_none.asp) [Python User Input](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_user_input.asp) [Python VirtualEnv](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_virtualenv.asp) ## Python Classes [Python OOP](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_oop.asp) [Python Classes/Objects](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_classes.asp) [Classes/Objects](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_classes.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_classes.asp) [Python \_\_init\_\_ Method](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_class_init.asp) [\_\_init\_\_ Method](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_class_init.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_classes_basics.asp) [Python self Parameter](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_class_self.asp) [self Parameter](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_class_self.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_class_self.asp) [Python Class Properties](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_class_properties.asp) [Class Properties](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_class_properties.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_class_properties.asp) [Python Class Methods](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_class_methods.asp) [Class Methods](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_class_methods.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_class_methods.asp) [Python Inheritance](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_inheritance.asp) [Inheritance](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_inheritance.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_inheritance.asp) [Python Polymorphism](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_polymorphism.asp) [Polymorphism](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_polymorphism.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_polymorphism.asp) [Python Encapsulation](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_encapsulation.asp) [Encapsulation](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_encapsulation.asp) [Code Challenge](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges_encapsulation.asp) [Python Inner Classes](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_class_inner.asp) ## File Handling [Python File Handling](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_file_handling.asp) [Python Read Files](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_file_open.asp) [Python Write/Create Files](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_file_write.asp) [Python Delete Files](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_file_remove.asp) ## Python Modules [NumPy Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/python/numpy/default.asp) [Pandas Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/python/pandas/default.asp) [SciPy Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/python/scipy/index.php) [Django Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/django/index.php) ## Python Matplotlib [Matplotlib Intro](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_intro.asp) [Matplotlib Get Started](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_getting_started.asp) [Matplotlib Pyplot](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_pyplot.asp) [Matplotlib Plotting](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_plotting.asp) [Matplotlib Markers](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_markers.asp) [Matplotlib Line](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_line.asp) [Matplotlib Labels](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_labels.asp) [Matplotlib Grid](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_grid.asp) [Matplotlib Subplot](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_subplot.asp) [Matplotlib Scatter](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_scatter.asp) [Matplotlib Bars](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_bars.asp) [Matplotlib Histograms](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_histograms.asp) [Matplotlib Pie Charts](https://www.w3schools.com/python/matplotlib_pie_charts.asp) ## Machine Learning [Getting Started](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_getting_started.asp) [Mean Median Mode](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_mean_median_mode.asp) [Standard Deviation](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_standard_deviation.asp) [Percentile](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_percentile.asp) [Data Distribution](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_data_distribution.asp) [Normal Data Distribution](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_normal_data_distribution.asp) [Scatter Plot](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_scatterplot.asp) [Linear Regression](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_linear_regression.asp) [Polynomial Regression](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_polynomial_regression.asp) [Multiple Regression](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_multiple_regression.asp) [Scale](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_scale.asp) [Train/Test](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_train_test.asp) [Decision Tree](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_decision_tree.asp) [Confusion Matrix](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_confusion_matrix.asp) [Hierarchical Clustering](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_hierarchial_clustering.asp) [Logistic Regression](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_logistic_regression.asp) [Grid Search](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_grid_search.asp) [Categorical Data](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_preprocessing.asp) [K-means](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_k-means.asp) [Bootstrap Aggregation](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_bagging.asp) [Cross Validation](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_cross_validation.asp) [AUC - ROC Curve](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_auc_roc.asp) [K-nearest neighbors](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ml_knn.asp) ## Python DSA [Python DSA](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa.asp) [Lists and Arrays](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_lists.asp) [Stacks](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_stacks.asp) [Queues](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_queues.asp) [Linked Lists](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_linkedlists.asp) [Hash Tables](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_hashtables.asp) [Trees](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_trees.asp) [Binary Trees](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_binarytrees.asp) [Binary Search Trees](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_binarysearchtrees.asp) [AVL Trees](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_avltrees.asp) [Graphs](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_graphs.asp) [Linear Search](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_linearsearch.asp) [Binary Search](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_binarysearch.asp) [Bubble Sort](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_bubblesort.asp) [Selection Sort](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_selectionsort.asp) [Insertion Sort](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_insertionsort.asp) [Quick Sort](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_quicksort.asp) [Counting Sort](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_countingsort.asp) [Radix Sort](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_radixsort.asp) [Merge Sort](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dsa_mergesort.asp) ## Python MySQL [MySQL Get Started](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_getstarted.asp) [MySQL Create Database](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_create_db.asp) [MySQL Create Table](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_create_table.asp) [MySQL Insert](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_insert.asp) [MySQL Select](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_select.asp) [MySQL Where](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_where.asp) [MySQL Order By](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_orderby.asp) [MySQL Delete](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_delete.asp) [MySQL Drop Table](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_drop_table.asp) [MySQL Update](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_update.asp) [MySQL Limit](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_limit.asp) [MySQL Join](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_join.asp) ## Python MongoDB [MongoDB Get Started](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_getstarted.asp) [MongoDB Create DB](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_create_db.asp) [MongoDB Collection](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_create_collection.asp) [MongoDB Insert](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_insert.asp) [MongoDB Find](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_find.asp) [MongoDB Query](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_query.asp) [MongoDB Sort](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_sort.asp) [MongoDB Delete](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_delete.asp) [MongoDB Drop Collection](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_drop_collection.asp) [MongoDB Update](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_update.asp) [MongoDB Limit](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_limit.asp) ## Python Reference [Python Overview](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_reference.asp) [Python Built-in Functions](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_functions.asp) [Python String Methods](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_string.asp) [Python List Methods](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_list.asp) [Python Dictionary Methods](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_dictionary.asp) [Python Tuple Methods](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_tuple.asp) [Python Set Methods](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_set.asp) [Python File Methods](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_file.asp) [Python Keywords](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_keywords.asp) [Python Exceptions](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_exceptions.asp) [Python Glossary](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_glossary.asp) ## Module Reference [Built-in Modules](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_modules.asp) [Random Module](https://www.w3schools.com/python/module_random.asp) [Requests Module](https://www.w3schools.com/python/module_requests.asp) [Statistics Module](https://www.w3schools.com/python/module_statistics.asp) [Math Module](https://www.w3schools.com/python/module_math.asp) [cMath Module](https://www.w3schools.com/python/module_cmath.asp) ## Python How To [Remove List Duplicates](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_howto_remove_duplicates.asp) [Reverse a String](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_howto_reverse_string.asp) [Add Two Numbers](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_howto_add_two_numbers.asp) ## Python Examples [Python Examples](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_examples.asp) [Python Compiler](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_compiler.asp) [Python Exercises](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_exercises.asp) [Python Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_quiz.asp) [Python Challenges](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_challenges.asp) [Python Server](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_server.asp) [Python Syllabus](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_syllabus.asp) [Python Study Plan](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_study_plan.asp) [Python Interview Q\&A](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_interview_questions.asp) [Python Bootcamp](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_bootcamp.asp) [Python Certificate](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_exam.asp) [Python Training](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_training.asp) # Python Tutorial [❮ Home](https://www.w3schools.com/default.asp) [Next ❯](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_intro.asp) ## Learn Python Python is a popular programming language. Python can be used on a server to create web applications. [Start learning Python now »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_intro.asp) [🏁](https://profile.w3schools.com/signup "Create an account to track your progress") **Tip:** [Sign in](https://profile.w3schools.com/signup "Create an account to track your progress and earn XP") to track your progress. *** ## Learning by Examples With our "Try it Yourself" editor, you can edit Python code and view the result. ### Example print("Hello, World!") [Try it Yourself »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_default) **Click on the "Try it Yourself" button to see how it works.** *** ## Python File Handling In our File Handling section you will learn how to open, read, write, and delete files. [Python File Handling](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_file_handling.asp) *** ## Python Database Handling In our database section you will learn how to access and work with MySQL and MongoDB databases: [Python MySQL Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_getstarted.asp) [Python MongoDB Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_getstarted.asp) *** ## Python Exercises Many chapters in this tutorial end with an exercise where you can check your level of knowledge. [See all Python Exercises](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_exercises.asp) *** *** ## Python Examples Learn by examples! This tutorial supplements all explanations with clarifying examples. [See All Python Examples](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_examples.asp) *** ## Python Quiz Test your Python skills with a quiz. 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Readable Markdown
## Python Tutorial ## Learn Python Python is a popular programming language. Python can be used on a server to create web applications. [Start learning Python now »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_intro.asp) **Tip:** [Sign in](https://profile.w3schools.com/signup "Create an account to track your progress and earn XP") to track your progress. *** ## Learning by Examples With our "Try it Yourself" editor, you can edit Python code and view the result. **Click on the "Try it Yourself" button to see how it works.** *** ## Python File Handling In our File Handling section you will learn how to open, read, write, and delete files. [Python File Handling](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_file_handling.asp) *** ## Python Database Handling In our database section you will learn how to access and work with MySQL and MongoDB databases: [Python MySQL Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_getstarted.asp) [Python MongoDB Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mongodb_getstarted.asp) *** ## Python Exercises Many chapters in this tutorial end with an exercise where you can check your level of knowledge. [See all Python Exercises](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_exercises.asp) *** *** ## Python Examples Learn by examples! This tutorial supplements all explanations with clarifying examples. [See All Python Examples](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_examples.asp) *** ## Python Quiz Test your Python skills with a quiz. [Python Quiz](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_quiz.asp) *** ## Track Your Progress ### Note This is an optional feature. You can study at W3Schools without creating an account. *** ## Python Reference You will also find complete function and method references: *** ## Download Python Download Python from the official Python web site: [https://python.org](https://python.org/) ## Kickstart your career Get certified by completing the course [Get certified](https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog) w 3 s c h o o l s C E R T I F I E D . 2 0 2 6
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