🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 50 (from laksa124)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa050.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical, ml_categories_json AS ml_categories_json, ml_types_json AS ml_types_json, ml_intent_types_json AS ml_intent_types_json, meta_language AS meta_language, attrs_author AS attrs_author, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_publish_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_original_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_original_publish_time, ifNull(attrs_is_republished, 0) AS attrs_is_republished, ifNull(attrs_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_nr_words, ifNull(attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, ifNull(body_ext_links_number, 0) AS body_ext_links_number, ifNull(body_int_links_number, 0) AS body_int_links_number, ifNull(meta_nofollow, 0) AS meta_nofollow, ifNull(meta_noarchive, 0) AS meta_noarchive, ifNull(props_was_rendered, 0) AS props_was_rendered, ifNull(src_redirect, \'\') AS src_redirect, ifNull(download_time_msec, 0) AS download_time_msec, ifNull(download_ttfb_msec, 0) AS download_ttfb_msec, ifNull(download_size, 0) AS download_size FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805","crawl_time":1776336514,"first_indexed_time":1525898131,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,verywellhealth!www,\/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805 s443","src_root_hash":"5681562863987870850","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Insomnia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment","meta_descriptions":["Insomnia is failing to get enough sleep due to trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Reviewed by a board-certified healthcare provider."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Key Takeaways\nInsomnia is a common condition that can lead to significant impairment in one's quality of life and daily functioning, as well as an increased risk of chronic health conditions.\nIdentifying and addressing triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and screen use before bedtime can help improve sleep. Insomnia can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, and lifestyle adjustments.\nInsomnia makes falling or staying asleep difficult, often resulting in poor daytime functioning. Understanding its triggers and possible treatments, like cognitive therapy or medication, can help manage this condition.\nVerywell \/ JR Bee\nInsomnia Symptoms\nInsomnia can affect your daytime functioning, leading to symptoms like:\nFatigue or daytime sleepiness\nMalaise (feeling unwell)\nPoor attention or concentration\nImpaired performance (errors, accidents)\nReduced energy or motivation\nBehavioral problems (i.e., hyperactivity, impulsiveness, aggression)\nInability to nap\nHeadache, upset stomach, and chronic pain complaints\nAlong with daytime symptoms, insomnia is often linked with mood disorders like anxiety or depression. Depression can cause\nearly morning awakenings\nand trouble falling back asleep. Anxiety might keep your mind racing at night with worries, creating a cycle where lack of sleep worsens anxiety.\nInsomnia may also impact serotonin levels and the\nfrontal lobe\n, which is crucial for decision-making and social interactions. When impaired, it may become harder to control suicidal thoughts or impulses.\nStudies suggest that the risk of suicide may double among those with insomnia. If you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial \n988\n to contact the \n988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline\n and connect with a trained counselor.\nCauses\nExperts' understanding of the cause of insomnia is rooted in three factors: predisposition, provocation, and perpetuation.\nPredisposition\nEveryone has the potential to develop the kind of difficulty sleeping that characterizes insomnia. This is referred to as a predisposition or threshold. The threshold for developing insomnia will vary for each person.\nBelieve it or not, there are people who rarely or never develop trouble sleeping at night. On the other hand, some people may be unlucky and are simply predisposed to have insomnia. This likely relates to genetic factors (insomnia often runs in families), age, sex (insomnia occurs more often in women), substance use, and other medical and psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, or chronic pain disorders, like\nmigraine\nor\nfibromyalgia\n).\nInsomnia may also be attributed to an increased alerting signal. This relates to the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the \"fight or flight\" response. Some people may have an increased sympathetic drive, meaning they are primed to respond to an external threat. This signal can keep you awake during the day, but it also keeps people with insomnia up at night. Some have described this as being \"tired but wired.\"\n2:02\nClick Play to Learn All About Insomnia\nProvocation\nEven though you might have a predisposition to insomnia, it has to be triggered. These triggers are called precipitating or provocative factors.\nExamples of such factors include:\nDrinking alcohol, caffeine, or smoking a cigarette before bed\nTelevision or pets in the bedroom\nTravel (causing jet lag)\nShift work\nStress from a lost job, financial problems, a divorce, or the death of a close friend or family member\nNighttime responsibilities, such as infant feedings\nKeep in mind that, typically, when the cause is removed, insomnia abates. However, it can also become perpetuated by changes you make.\nPerpetuation\nThe final components that transform a passing difficulty sleeping into chronic insomnia are called perpetuating factors. These factors can best be understood by considering an example.\nLet’s imagine that you lie awake several hours in the middle of the night, a common occurrence in insomnia. You recognize that you need eight hours of sleep, and by lying awake you are cutting into this time. You decide to start going to bed two hours earlier to compensate. This may help some, but now that you are going to bed extra early, it is taking you more time to fall asleep. As you lie awake more of the night, your frustration increases, and you compound your initial insomnia.\nIn the end, there are a variety of choices that might perpetuate your insomnia. Some people choose to limit their daytime activities because of sleepiness. This avoidance may reduce your physical activity. Since you aren't exercising, you may be less tired and unable to sleep.\nAlternatively, you may start working on your computer in bed to make the most of your time spent awake. The\nlight from your computer\nand the activity may worsen your ability to sleep. You may also start napping during the day to get some rest, which could undermine your sleep drive and ability to sleep at night.\nThe existence of perpetuating factors prolongs your struggle with insomnia.\nDiagnosis\nInsomnia is usually diagnosed based on a careful history alone. In some cases, a sleep log,\nmultiple sleep latency test\n,\nsleep-wake actigraphy\n, or a\nsleep study (polysomnogram)\nmay provide corroborative evidence or be used to rule out other sleep conditions such as\ncircadian rhythm disorder\nor\nsleep apnea\n.\nInsomnia Treatment\nIf insomnia results in disrupted daytime function, especially if it persists chronically, it may require treatment.\nHere are a few key interventions that healthcare providers, especially\nsleep specialists\n, use to\ntreat insomnia\n.\nAddressing Your Triggers\nFor many people, insomnia goes away on its own. For example, a bad night of sleep before a school exam will go away as soon as the test is over.\nOther triggers can be alleviated once they are properly identified and addressed. For instance, afternoon\ncaffeine\n, avoiding alcohol as a \"nightcap,\" and removing technological devices or disturbances within your sleep environment may be enough for you to get some quality shuteye.\nIf you are suffering from chronic insomnia, you may need to seek professional help. It can be very beneficial to address the beliefs, thoughts, and feelings that surround your insomnia with a treatment called\ncognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI)\n.\nWith CBTI, a specially trained psychologist will help you identify your unique triggers and then help you defuse them. For instance:\nIf you cannot fall asleep because you moved your bedtime up,\nsleep restriction\n—where you limit your time in bed and avoid daily naps—may be the recommendation.\nIf you lie awake at night and cannot get to sleep, stimulus control may be helpful.\nIf your mind races when you lie down, you may benefit from observing a\nbuffer zone\nbefore bedtime or scheduling worry time during the day.\nLastly, if your insomnia is due to a more long-term trigger (e.g., shift work or jet lag from frequent travel), talk with your healthcare provider about interventions that specifically target that trigger.\nTaking Medication\nThere are many medications that can be effective in the short-term for treating insomnia.\nTwo major classes include\nbenzodiazepine\nand nonbenzodiazepine medications.\nSome of these prescription and over-the-counter medications include:\nAmbien (zolpidem)\nMelatonin\nRozerem (ramelteon)\nSilenor (doxepin)\nRaldesy\n(trazodone)\nEstazolam\nRestoril (temazepam)\nQuviviq (daridorexant)\nThe reason why the above medications should only be used short-term and not long-term is that\nsleeping pills\nmay cause something called tachyphylaxis. With this phenomenon, the medication becomes less effective, so higher doses are needed for the same effect. Ultimately, the medication stops working, and when discontinued, rebound insomnia occurs.\nManaging Coexisting Conditions\nIt is also very important to address any chronic issues that might be contributing to or associated with your insomnia, such as an underlying mood disorder (e.g., depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder), another sleep disorder (e.g., sleep apnea or\nrestless legs syndrome\n), or a medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism or perimenopause).\nSpeak with your healthcare provider about any symptoms you may be experiencing that cannot be explained by a diagnosis you've already been given, and work with him or her to adjust any treatment plans you are following that need fine-tuning to help you feel your best.\nTrying Complementary Therapy\nSome people also find various complementary therapies helpful for treating their insomnia, such as:\nRelaxation and biofeedback therapy\nAutogenic therapy\nAromatherapy\nHypnosis\nYoga\nProgressive muscle relaxation\nInsomnia Healthcare Provider Discussion Guide\nGet our printable guide for your next healthcare provider's appointment to help you ask the right questions.\nEmail Address\nThank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up.\nThere was an error. Please try again.\nYou can opt-out at any time. For more details, see our\nPrivacy Policy\n.","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805#skip-to-content)\n\nMenu\n\n- [Health A-Z](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/health-a-z-4014770)\n  - [Colorectal Cancer](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/colon-cancer-4014742)\n  - [Arthritis](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/arthritis-overview-4582013)\n  - [Type 2 Diabetes](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/type-2-diabetes-overview-4581874)\n  - [Digestive Health](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/digestive-health-4141198)\n  - [Multiple Sclerosis](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/multiple-sclerosis-overview-4581925)\n  - [Skin Health](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/skin-health-4014649)\n  - [View All](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/health-a-z-4014770)\n- [Prevention & Treatment](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/prevention-and-treatment-4158390)\n  - [Diet & Nutrition](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/nutrition-diet-and-healthy-eating-5202128)\n  - 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[Type 2 Diabetes](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/type-2-diabetes-overview-4581874)\n  - [Digestive Health](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/digestive-health-4141198)\n  - [Multiple Sclerosis](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/multiple-sclerosis-overview-4581925)\n  - [Skin Health](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/skin-health-4014649)\n  - [View All](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/health-a-z-4014770)\n- [Prevention & Treatment](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/prevention-and-treatment-4158390)\n  - [Diet & Nutrition](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/nutrition-diet-and-healthy-eating-5202128)\n  - [First Aid](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/first-aid-4014723)\n  - [Surgery](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/surgery-overview-4581881)\n  - [View All](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/prevention-and-treatment-4158390)\n- [Health Care](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/health-care-4014769)\n  - [Health Insurance](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/health-insurance-overview-4581967)\n  - [Public Health](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/public-health-4158386)\n  - [Patient Rights](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/patient-rights-4014673)\n  - [Disability](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/disability-4014735)\n  - [Caregivers & Loved Ones](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/for-caregivers-and-loved-ones-4014749)\n  - [End of Life Concerns](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/end-of-life-overview-4581973)\n  - [View All](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/health-care-4014769)\n- [News](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/news-4846412)\n  - [Health News](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/health-news-4844929)\n  - [Studies & Guidelines](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/studies-and-guidelines-11869035)\n  - [View All](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/news-4846412)\n\n[More in Sleep Disorders](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-disorders-4014648)\n\n- [Insomnia & More Disorders](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/insomnia-and-more-sleep-disorders-4013520)\n- [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-disorder-symptoms-4158398)\n- [Causes & Risk Factors](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-disorder-causes-4014585)\n- [Diagnosis](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-disorder-diagnosis-4014299)\n- [Treatment](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-disorder-treatment-4013401)\n- [Living With](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-disorders-living-with-4013358)\n- [Sleep Apnea](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-apnea-4158397)\n- [Healthy Sleep Habits](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/healthy-sleep-habits-4013619)\n\n[View More](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-disorders-4014648)\n\nTools & Resources\n\n- [Thyroid Test Analyzer](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thyroid-test-analyzer-8647820)\n- [Doctor Discussion Guides](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/doctor-discussion-guides-4179090)\n- [Hemoglobin A1c Test Analyzer](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/a1c-test-analyzer-8647852)\n- [Lipid Test Analyzer](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/lipid-test-analyzer-8647856)\n- [Complete Blood Count (CBC) Analyzer](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/complete-blood-count-cbc-analyzer-8647862)\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/about-us-5180305)\n- [Editorial Process](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/verywell-editorial-process-4777042)\n- [Medical Review Board](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/meet-our-medical-expert-board-11762003)\n\nVerywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.\n\nⒸ 2026 People Inc. — All rights reserved\n\n# Insomnia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment\nTrouble falling or staying asleep could be a disorder\n\nBy [Brandon Peters, MD](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/brandon-peters-md-3014640)\n\nUpdated on March 29, 2026\n\nMedically reviewed by  [Lindsay Cook, PharmD](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/lindsay-cook-5215415)\n\nTable of Contents\n\nView All\n\nTable of Contents\n\n- [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805#toc-insomnia-symptoms)\n- [Causes](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805#toc-causes)\n- [Diagnosis](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805#toc-diagnosis)\n- [Treatment](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805#toc-insomnia-treatment)\n\n### Key Takeaways\n- Insomnia is a common condition that can lead to significant impairment in one's quality of life and daily functioning, as well as an increased risk of chronic health conditions.\n- Identifying and addressing triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and screen use before bedtime can help improve sleep. Insomnia can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, and lifestyle adjustments.\n\nInsomnia makes falling or staying asleep difficult, often resulting in poor daytime functioning. Understanding its triggers and possible treatments, like cognitive therapy or medication, can help manage this condition.\n\n![insomnia]()\n\n![insomnia](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/HIjQe9d-4M16Vwxo5-0M-t0Ij-o=\/1500x0\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805-01-6d8b6d5d948945e68dd24a68c45ef795.png)\n\nVerywell \/ JR Bee\n## Insomnia Symptoms\nInsomnia can affect your daytime functioning, leading to symptoms like:\n\n- Fatigue or daytime sleepiness\n- Malaise (feeling unwell)\n- Poor attention or concentration\n- Impaired performance (errors, accidents)\n- Reduced energy or motivation\n- Behavioral problems (i.e., hyperactivity, impulsiveness, aggression)\n- Inability to nap\n- Headache, upset stomach, and chronic pain complaints\n\nAlong with daytime symptoms, insomnia is often linked with mood disorders like anxiety or depression. Depression can cause [early morning awakenings](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-causes-early-morning-awakenings-3014946) and trouble falling back asleep. Anxiety might keep your mind racing at night with worries, creating a cycle where lack of sleep worsens anxiety.\n\nInsomnia may also impact serotonin levels and the [frontal lobe](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/the-brains-frontal-lobe-3146196), which is crucial for decision-making and social interactions. When impaired, it may become harder to control suicidal thoughts or impulses.\n\nStudies suggest that the risk of suicide may double among those with insomnia. If you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial **988** to contact the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/) and connect with a trained counselor.\n\n## Causes\nExperts' understanding of the cause of insomnia is rooted in three factors: predisposition, provocation, and perpetuation.\n\n### Predisposition\nEveryone has the potential to develop the kind of difficulty sleeping that characterizes insomnia. This is referred to as a predisposition or threshold. The threshold for developing insomnia will vary for each person.\n\nBelieve it or not, there are people who rarely or never develop trouble sleeping at night. On the other hand, some people may be unlucky and are simply predisposed to have insomnia. This likely relates to genetic factors (insomnia often runs in families), age, sex (insomnia occurs more often in women), substance use, and other medical and psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, or chronic pain disorders, like [migraine](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/symptoms-of-migraine-1718209) or [fibromyalgia](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/understanding-fibromyalgia-4014067)).\n\nInsomnia may also be attributed to an increased alerting signal. This relates to the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the \"fight or flight\" response. Some people may have an increased sympathetic drive, meaning they are primed to respond to an external threat. This signal can keep you awake during the day, but it also keeps people with insomnia up at night. Some have described this as being \"tired but wired.\"\n\n2:02\n\n### Click Play to Learn All About Insomnia\n\nThis video has been medically reviewed by [Sanja Jelic, MD](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sanja-jelic-md-4685032)\n\n### Provocation\nEven though you might have a predisposition to insomnia, it has to be triggered. These triggers are called precipitating or provocative factors.\n\nExamples of such factors include:\n\n- Drinking alcohol, caffeine, or smoking a cigarette before bed\n- Television or pets in the bedroom\n- Travel (causing jet lag)\n- Shift work\n- Stress from a lost job, financial problems, a divorce, or the death of a close friend or family member\n- Nighttime responsibilities, such as infant feedings\n\nKeep in mind that, typically, when the cause is removed, insomnia abates. However, it can also become perpetuated by changes you make.\n\n### Perpetuation\nThe final components that transform a passing difficulty sleeping into chronic insomnia are called perpetuating factors. These factors can best be understood by considering an example.\n\nLet’s imagine that you lie awake several hours in the middle of the night, a common occurrence in insomnia. You recognize that you need eight hours of sleep, and by lying awake you are cutting into this time. You decide to start going to bed two hours earlier to compensate. This may help some, but now that you are going to bed extra early, it is taking you more time to fall asleep. As you lie awake more of the night, your frustration increases, and you compound your initial insomnia.\n\nIn the end, there are a variety of choices that might perpetuate your insomnia. Some people choose to limit their daytime activities because of sleepiness. This avoidance may reduce your physical activity. Since you aren't exercising, you may be less tired and unable to sleep.\n\nAlternatively, you may start working on your computer in bed to make the most of your time spent awake. The [light from your computer](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/blue-light-exposure-3421985) and the activity may worsen your ability to sleep. You may also start napping during the day to get some rest, which could undermine your sleep drive and ability to sleep at night.\n\nThe existence of perpetuating factors prolongs your struggle with insomnia.\n\n## Diagnosis\nInsomnia is usually diagnosed based on a careful history alone. In some cases, a sleep log, [multiple sleep latency test](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/multiple-sleep-latency-test-8752098), [sleep-wake actigraphy](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-cycle-iphone-app-3973921), or a [sleep study (polysomnogram)](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-to-expect-in-a-sleep-study-3015121) may provide corroborative evidence or be used to rule out other sleep conditions such as [circadian rhythm disorder](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/types-of-sleep-disorders-8778367) or [sleep apnea](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-apnea-overview-3014774).\n\n## Insomnia Treatment\nIf insomnia results in disrupted daytime function, especially if it persists chronically, it may require treatment.\n\nHere are a few key interventions that healthcare providers, especially [sleep specialists](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-specialist-5221561), use to [treat insomnia](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-insomnia-cbti-3015310).\n\n### Addressing Your Triggers\nFor many people, insomnia goes away on its own. For example, a bad night of sleep before a school exam will go away as soon as the test is over.\n\nOther triggers can be alleviated once they are properly identified and addressed. For instance, afternoon [caffeine](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/how-to-eat-during-an-ibd-flare-up-4135142), avoiding alcohol as a \"nightcap,\" and removing technological devices or disturbances within your sleep environment may be enough for you to get some quality shuteye.\n\nIf you are suffering from chronic insomnia, you may need to seek professional help. It can be very beneficial to address the beliefs, thoughts, and feelings that surround your insomnia with a treatment called [cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI)](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-hygiene-8717173).\n\nWith CBTI, a specially trained psychologist will help you identify your unique triggers and then help you defuse them. For instance:\n\n- If you cannot fall asleep because you moved your bedtime up, [sleep restriction](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/lack-of-deep-sleep-3966027)—where you limit your time in bed and avoid daily naps—may be the recommendation.\n- If you lie awake at night and cannot get to sleep, stimulus control may be helpful.\n- If your mind races when you lie down, you may benefit from observing a [buffer zone](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/yoga-for-sleep-5219778) before bedtime or scheduling worry time during the day.\n\nLastly, if your insomnia is due to a more long-term trigger (e.g., shift work or jet lag from frequent travel), talk with your healthcare provider about interventions that specifically target that trigger.\n\n### Taking Medication\nThere are many medications that can be effective in the short-term for treating insomnia. Two major classes include [benzodiazepine](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/uses-types-and-risks-of-benzodiazepines-8631164) and nonbenzodiazepine medications.\n\nSome of these prescription and over-the-counter medications include:\n\n- Ambien (zolpidem)\n- [Melatonin](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/melatonin-7501303)\n- Rozerem (ramelteon)\n- Silenor (doxepin)\n- Raldesy [(trazodone)](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/trazodone-for-insomnia-3015244)\n- Estazolam\n- Restoril (temazepam)\n- Quviviq (daridorexant)\n\nThe reason why the above medications should only be used short-term and not long-term is that [sleeping pills](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/rebound-insomnia-how-long-sleep-worsens-after-stopping-pills-3014747) may cause something called tachyphylaxis. With this phenomenon, the medication becomes less effective, so higher doses are needed for the same effect. Ultimately, the medication stops working, and when discontinued, rebound insomnia occurs.\n\n### Managing Coexisting Conditions\nIt is also very important to address any chronic issues that might be contributing to or associated with your insomnia, such as an underlying mood disorder (e.g., depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder), another sleep disorder (e.g., sleep apnea or [restless legs syndrome](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/restless-legs-syndrome-multiple-sclerosis-2440812)), or a medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism or perimenopause).\n\nSpeak with your healthcare provider about any symptoms you may be experiencing that cannot be explained by a diagnosis you've already been given, and work with him or her to adjust any treatment plans you are following that need fine-tuning to help you feel your best.\n\n### Trying Complementary Therapy\nSome people also find various complementary therapies helpful for treating their insomnia, such as:\n\n- Relaxation and biofeedback therapy\n- Autogenic therapy\n- [Aromatherapy](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/aromatherapy-for-sleep-89673)\n- Hypnosis\n- Yoga\n- Progressive muscle relaxation\n\n#### Insomnia Healthcare Provider Discussion Guide\nGet our printable guide for your next healthcare provider's appointment to help you ask the right questions.\n\n![Doctor Discussion Guide Woman]()\n\n![Doctor Discussion Guide Woman](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/p3_hbspXIc1MJYK26g6OsFI4qQc=\/270x180\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/illo_Doctor-discussion-guide-01-5c3e5b20c9e77c00015d2ba5.png)\n\n[Download PDF](https:\/\/files.verywellhealth.com\/doctor-discussion-guides\/insomnia_doctor_discussion_guide.pdf)\n\nRead more:\n\n- [Health A-Z](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/health-a-z-4014770)\n- [Sleep Disorders](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-disorders-4014648)\n- [Insomnia & More Disorders](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/insomnia-and-more-sleep-disorders-4013520)\n\n3 Sources\n\nVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our [editorial process](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/verywell-editorial-process-4777042) to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.\n\n1. Markwald RR, Iftikhar I, Youngstedt SD. [Behavioral strategies, including exercise, for addressing insomnia](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/FIT.0000000000000375). *ACSMs Health Fit J*. 2018;22(2):23–29. doi:10.1249\/FIT.0000000000000375\n2. Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AD, Neubauer DN, Heald JL. [Clinical practice guideline for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.6470). *J Clin Sleep Med*. 2017;13(2):307–349. doi:10.5664\/jcsm.6470\n3. McCall WV. [The link between suicide and insomnia: theoretical mechanisms](https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-013-0389-9). *Curr Psychiatry Rep.* 2013;15(9):389. doi:10.1007\/s11920-013-0389-9\n\nAdditional Reading\n\n- American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders, 3rd ed. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014.\n- Kryger, MH *et al*. \"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine.\" *ExpertConsult*, 6th edition, 2016.\n- Spielman AJ, Caruso LS, Glovinsky PB. [A behavioral perspective on insomnia treatment](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/3332317). *Psychiatr Clin North Am*. 1987;10(4):541-553.\n\n![Brandon Peters, M.D.]()\n\n![Brandon Peters, M.D.](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/BbtKTL7wVNFD-4Y2KIj4azA0HpE=\/144x144\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/BrandonPetersMD_1000-5143e542c3084368b1220c4b86ede01c.png)\n\nBy [Brandon Peters, MD](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/brandon-peters-md-3014640)   \n Dr. Peters is a board-certified neurologist and sleep medicine specialist and is a fellow of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.\n\n[See Our Editorial Process](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/verywell-editorial-process-4777042)\n\n[Meet Our Medical Expert Board](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/meet-our-medical-expert-board-11762003)\n\nShare Feedback\n\nWas this page helpful?\n\nThanks for your feedback\\!\n\nWhat is your feedback?\n\nHelpful\n\nReport an Error\n\nOther\n\nRelated Articles\n\n[![Toddler sleeping on pillow may wake from a confusional arousal and have sleep drunkenness]() ![Toddler sleeping on pillow may wake from a confusional arousal and have sleep drunkenness](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/ytfIe0LcJBmy2GMjkF-3efjTcHY=\/400x250\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/toddler-sleeping-on-pillow-810485910-5a1f25cc842b17001954a872.jpg) Understanding Confusional Arousals or Sleep Drunkenness](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-are-confusional-arousals-3014786)\n\n[![Bottles and pills of Ambien and Lunesta arranged in a Cambridge, Massachusetts pharmacy]() ![Bottles and pills of Ambien and Lunesta arranged in a Cambridge, Massachusetts pharmacy](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/xwroXWBauzKD6hDKXImH0bGCmPg=\/400x250\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/GettyImages-94818220-6667df5eb7a1423fa096894511400154.jpg) Lunesta vs. Ambien: How Do They Compare?](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/lunesta-vs-ambien-8675475)\n\n[![A picture of a mom kissing her child in bed]() ![A picture of a mom kissing her child in bed](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/WIk8LQaFROzOdkM7lN7Y95odMh4=\/400x250\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/get-kids-to-go-to-sleep-56a8fd385f9b58b7d0f70c7b.jpg) Sleep-Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder (RMD)](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-sleep-related-rhythmic-movement-disorder-3014802)\n\n[![A newborn baby]() ![A newborn baby](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/3vZaA8nP_Rgk8oVTXGKSRi3btnk=\/400x250\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/GettyImages-450432727-56a673345f9b58b7d0e2af75.jpg) What Is Sleep Myoclonus and Should You Be Concerned?](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-sleep-myoclonus-3014807)\n\n[![Sad depressed woman suffering from insomnia, she is sitting in bed and touching her forehead, sleep disorder and stress concept - stock photo]() ![Sad depressed woman suffering from insomnia, she is sitting in bed and touching her forehead, sleep disorder and stress concept - stock photo](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/0qJxmnp6QWkQwZySiVNkQlqB-LM=\/400x250\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/GettyImages-901220642-d85a655b0775411194dd8ef0b31ee3c8.jpg) Why Am I Always Tired?](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/reasons-why-you-feel-sleepy-3014818)\n\n[![An illustration about sleep paralysis hallucination including a dark outline with several eyes]() ![An illustration about sleep paralysis hallucination including a dark outline with several eyes](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/k4B1q_R67_esPE-PZyu0xbnweiM=\/400x250\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/VWH-EllenLindner-SymptomsofSleepParalysis-Recirc-a9705d657548477388cd3f860c889239.jpg) Understanding Sleep Paralysis Hallucinations and How to Stop Them](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/symptoms-of-sleep-paralysis-3014781)\n\n[![Man sleeping in bed]() ![Man sleeping in bed](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/oQJjluN_TkQ0eajuwOHtnF1THUs=\/400x250\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/107070067_HighRes-569feda63df78cafda9f1d51.jpg) 9 Best Natural Sleep Aids](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/natural-ways-to-help-you-sleep-88230)\n\n[![A person sitting up in bed at night, looking anxious]() ![A person sitting up in bed at night, looking anxious](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/ehJdP2tJBiGiMlFXof0H_MdtKW0=\/400x250\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/awake-GettyImages-2162090876-c3733aa8a36d4c5d87dec01d7efe8b5e.jpg) Is Paradoxical Insomnia Real? 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Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.\n\nⒸ 2026 People Inc. — All rights reserved\n\nVerywell Health is part of the [People Inc.](https:\/\/www.people.inc\/) publishing family.","attrs_readable_markdown":"### Key Takeaways\n- Insomnia is a common condition that can lead to significant impairment in one's quality of life and daily functioning, as well as an increased risk of chronic health conditions.\n- Identifying and addressing triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and screen use before bedtime can help improve sleep. Insomnia can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, and lifestyle adjustments.\n\nInsomnia makes falling or staying asleep difficult, often resulting in poor daytime functioning. Understanding its triggers and possible treatments, like cognitive therapy or medication, can help manage this condition.\n\nVerywell \/ JR Bee\n\n## Insomnia Symptoms\nInsomnia can affect your daytime functioning, leading to symptoms like:\n\n- Fatigue or daytime sleepiness\n- Malaise (feeling unwell)\n- Poor attention or concentration\n- Impaired performance (errors, accidents)\n- Reduced energy or motivation\n- Behavioral problems (i.e., hyperactivity, impulsiveness, aggression)\n- Inability to nap\n- Headache, upset stomach, and chronic pain complaints\n\nAlong with daytime symptoms, insomnia is often linked with mood disorders like anxiety or depression. Depression can cause [early morning awakenings](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-causes-early-morning-awakenings-3014946) and trouble falling back asleep. Anxiety might keep your mind racing at night with worries, creating a cycle where lack of sleep worsens anxiety.\n\nInsomnia may also impact serotonin levels and the [frontal lobe](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/the-brains-frontal-lobe-3146196), which is crucial for decision-making and social interactions. When impaired, it may become harder to control suicidal thoughts or impulses.\n\nStudies suggest that the risk of suicide may double among those with insomnia. If you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial **988** to contact the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/) and connect with a trained counselor.\n\n## Causes\nExperts' understanding of the cause of insomnia is rooted in three factors: predisposition, provocation, and perpetuation.\n\n### Predisposition\nEveryone has the potential to develop the kind of difficulty sleeping that characterizes insomnia. This is referred to as a predisposition or threshold. The threshold for developing insomnia will vary for each person.\n\nBelieve it or not, there are people who rarely or never develop trouble sleeping at night. On the other hand, some people may be unlucky and are simply predisposed to have insomnia. This likely relates to genetic factors (insomnia often runs in families), age, sex (insomnia occurs more often in women), substance use, and other medical and psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, or chronic pain disorders, like [migraine](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/symptoms-of-migraine-1718209) or [fibromyalgia](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/understanding-fibromyalgia-4014067)).\n\nInsomnia may also be attributed to an increased alerting signal. This relates to the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the \"fight or flight\" response. Some people may have an increased sympathetic drive, meaning they are primed to respond to an external threat. This signal can keep you awake during the day, but it also keeps people with insomnia up at night. Some have described this as being \"tired but wired.\"\n\n2:02\n\n### Click Play to Learn All About Insomnia\n### Provocation\nEven though you might have a predisposition to insomnia, it has to be triggered. These triggers are called precipitating or provocative factors.\n\nExamples of such factors include:\n\n- Drinking alcohol, caffeine, or smoking a cigarette before bed\n- Television or pets in the bedroom\n- Travel (causing jet lag)\n- Shift work\n- Stress from a lost job, financial problems, a divorce, or the death of a close friend or family member\n- Nighttime responsibilities, such as infant feedings\n\nKeep in mind that, typically, when the cause is removed, insomnia abates. However, it can also become perpetuated by changes you make.\n\n### Perpetuation\nThe final components that transform a passing difficulty sleeping into chronic insomnia are called perpetuating factors. These factors can best be understood by considering an example.\n\nLet’s imagine that you lie awake several hours in the middle of the night, a common occurrence in insomnia. You recognize that you need eight hours of sleep, and by lying awake you are cutting into this time. You decide to start going to bed two hours earlier to compensate. This may help some, but now that you are going to bed extra early, it is taking you more time to fall asleep. As you lie awake more of the night, your frustration increases, and you compound your initial insomnia.\n\nIn the end, there are a variety of choices that might perpetuate your insomnia. Some people choose to limit their daytime activities because of sleepiness. This avoidance may reduce your physical activity. Since you aren't exercising, you may be less tired and unable to sleep.\n\nAlternatively, you may start working on your computer in bed to make the most of your time spent awake. The [light from your computer](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/blue-light-exposure-3421985) and the activity may worsen your ability to sleep. You may also start napping during the day to get some rest, which could undermine your sleep drive and ability to sleep at night.\n\nThe existence of perpetuating factors prolongs your struggle with insomnia.\n\n## Diagnosis\nInsomnia is usually diagnosed based on a careful history alone. In some cases, a sleep log, [multiple sleep latency test](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/multiple-sleep-latency-test-8752098), [sleep-wake actigraphy](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-cycle-iphone-app-3973921), or a [sleep study (polysomnogram)](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-to-expect-in-a-sleep-study-3015121) may provide corroborative evidence or be used to rule out other sleep conditions such as [circadian rhythm disorder](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/types-of-sleep-disorders-8778367) or [sleep apnea](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-apnea-overview-3014774).\n\n## Insomnia Treatment\nIf insomnia results in disrupted daytime function, especially if it persists chronically, it may require treatment.\n\nHere are a few key interventions that healthcare providers, especially [sleep specialists](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-specialist-5221561), use to [treat insomnia](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-insomnia-cbti-3015310).\n\n### Addressing Your Triggers\nFor many people, insomnia goes away on its own. For example, a bad night of sleep before a school exam will go away as soon as the test is over.\n\nOther triggers can be alleviated once they are properly identified and addressed. For instance, afternoon [caffeine](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/how-to-eat-during-an-ibd-flare-up-4135142), avoiding alcohol as a \"nightcap,\" and removing technological devices or disturbances within your sleep environment may be enough for you to get some quality shuteye.\n\nIf you are suffering from chronic insomnia, you may need to seek professional help. It can be very beneficial to address the beliefs, thoughts, and feelings that surround your insomnia with a treatment called [cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI)](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sleep-hygiene-8717173).\n\nWith CBTI, a specially trained psychologist will help you identify your unique triggers and then help you defuse them. For instance:\n\n- If you cannot fall asleep because you moved your bedtime up, [sleep restriction](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/lack-of-deep-sleep-3966027)—where you limit your time in bed and avoid daily naps—may be the recommendation.\n- If you lie awake at night and cannot get to sleep, stimulus control may be helpful.\n- If your mind races when you lie down, you may benefit from observing a [buffer zone](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/yoga-for-sleep-5219778) before bedtime or scheduling worry time during the day.\n\nLastly, if your insomnia is due to a more long-term trigger (e.g., shift work or jet lag from frequent travel), talk with your healthcare provider about interventions that specifically target that trigger.\n\n### Taking Medication\nThere are many medications that can be effective in the short-term for treating insomnia. Two major classes include [benzodiazepine](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/uses-types-and-risks-of-benzodiazepines-8631164) and nonbenzodiazepine medications.\n\nSome of these prescription and over-the-counter medications include:\n\n- Ambien (zolpidem)\n- [Melatonin](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/melatonin-7501303)\n- Rozerem (ramelteon)\n- Silenor (doxepin)\n- Raldesy [(trazodone)](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/trazodone-for-insomnia-3015244)\n- Estazolam\n- Restoril (temazepam)\n- Quviviq (daridorexant)\n\nThe reason why the above medications should only be used short-term and not long-term is that [sleeping pills](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/rebound-insomnia-how-long-sleep-worsens-after-stopping-pills-3014747) may cause something called tachyphylaxis. With this phenomenon, the medication becomes less effective, so higher doses are needed for the same effect. Ultimately, the medication stops working, and when discontinued, rebound insomnia occurs.\n\n### Managing Coexisting Conditions\nIt is also very important to address any chronic issues that might be contributing to or associated with your insomnia, such as an underlying mood disorder (e.g., depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder), another sleep disorder (e.g., sleep apnea or [restless legs syndrome](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/restless-legs-syndrome-multiple-sclerosis-2440812)), or a medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism or perimenopause).\n\nSpeak with your healthcare provider about any symptoms you may be experiencing that cannot be explained by a diagnosis you've already been given, and work with him or her to adjust any treatment plans you are following that need fine-tuning to help you feel your best.\n\n### Trying Complementary Therapy\nSome people also find various complementary therapies helpful for treating their insomnia, such as:\n\n- Relaxation and biofeedback therapy\n- Autogenic therapy\n- [Aromatherapy](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/aromatherapy-for-sleep-89673)\n- Hypnosis\n- Yoga\n- Progressive muscle relaxation\n\n#### Insomnia Healthcare Provider Discussion Guide\nGet our printable guide for your next healthcare provider's appointment to help you ask the right questions.\n\n![Doctor Discussion Guide Woman](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/p3_hbspXIc1MJYK26g6OsFI4qQc=\/270x180\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/illo_Doctor-discussion-guide-01-5c3e5b20c9e77c00015d2ba5.png)","meta_canonical":null,"ml_categories_json":"{\"\/Health\":999,\"\/Health\/Mental_Health\":793,\"\/Health\/Mental_Health\/Anxiety_and_Stress\":569}","ml_types_json":"{\"\/Article\":999,\"\/Article\/Tutorial_or_Guide\":580}","ml_intent_types_json":"{\"Informational\":998}","meta_language":"en","attrs_author":null,"attrs_publish_time":0,"attrs_original_publish_time":1525898131,"attrs_is_republished":0,"attrs_nr_words":"2150","attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words":"1384","body_ext_links_number":30,"body_int_links_number":81,"meta_nofollow":0,"meta_noarchive":1,"props_was_rendered":0,"src_redirect":"","download_time_msec":179,"download_ttfb_msec":128,"download_size":58566}

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Insomnia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Insomnia is failing to get enough sleep due to trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Reviewed by a board-certified healthcare provider.

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Key Takeaways Insomnia is a common condition that can lead to significant impairment in one's quality of life and daily functioning, as well as an increased risk of chronic health conditions. Identifying and addressing triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and screen use before bedtime can help improve sleep. Insomnia can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, and lifestyle adjustments. Insomnia makes falling or staying asleep difficult, often resulting in poor daytime functioning. Understanding its triggers and possible treatments, like cognitive therapy or medication, can help manage this condition. Verywell / JR Bee Insomnia Symptoms Insomnia can affect your daytime functioning, leading to symptoms like: Fatigue or daytime sleepiness Malaise (feeling unwell) Poor attention or concentration Impaired performance (errors, accidents) Reduced energy or motivation Behavioral problems (i.e., hyperactivity, impulsiveness, aggression) Inability to nap Headache, upset stomach, and chronic pain complaints Along with daytime symptoms, insomnia is often linked with mood disorders like anxiety or depression. Depression can cause early morning awakenings and trouble falling back asleep. Anxiety might keep your mind racing at night with worries, creating a cycle where lack of sleep worsens anxiety. Insomnia may also impact serotonin levels and the frontal lobe , which is crucial for decision-making and social interactions. When impaired, it may become harder to control suicidal thoughts or impulses. Studies suggest that the risk of suicide may double among those with insomnia. If you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial 988 to contact the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline and connect with a trained counselor. Causes Experts' understanding of the cause of insomnia is rooted in three factors: predisposition, provocation, and perpetuation. Predisposition Everyone has the potential to develop the kind of difficulty sleeping that characterizes insomnia. This is referred to as a predisposition or threshold. The threshold for developing insomnia will vary for each person. Believe it or not, there are people who rarely or never develop trouble sleeping at night. On the other hand, some people may be unlucky and are simply predisposed to have insomnia. This likely relates to genetic factors (insomnia often runs in families), age, sex (insomnia occurs more often in women), substance use, and other medical and psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, or chronic pain disorders, like migraine or fibromyalgia ). Insomnia may also be attributed to an increased alerting signal. This relates to the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. Some people may have an increased sympathetic drive, meaning they are primed to respond to an external threat. This signal can keep you awake during the day, but it also keeps people with insomnia up at night. Some have described this as being "tired but wired." 2:02 Click Play to Learn All About Insomnia Provocation Even though you might have a predisposition to insomnia, it has to be triggered. These triggers are called precipitating or provocative factors. Examples of such factors include: Drinking alcohol, caffeine, or smoking a cigarette before bed Television or pets in the bedroom Travel (causing jet lag) Shift work Stress from a lost job, financial problems, a divorce, or the death of a close friend or family member Nighttime responsibilities, such as infant feedings Keep in mind that, typically, when the cause is removed, insomnia abates. However, it can also become perpetuated by changes you make. Perpetuation The final components that transform a passing difficulty sleeping into chronic insomnia are called perpetuating factors. These factors can best be understood by considering an example. Let’s imagine that you lie awake several hours in the middle of the night, a common occurrence in insomnia. You recognize that you need eight hours of sleep, and by lying awake you are cutting into this time. You decide to start going to bed two hours earlier to compensate. This may help some, but now that you are going to bed extra early, it is taking you more time to fall asleep. As you lie awake more of the night, your frustration increases, and you compound your initial insomnia. In the end, there are a variety of choices that might perpetuate your insomnia. Some people choose to limit their daytime activities because of sleepiness. This avoidance may reduce your physical activity. Since you aren't exercising, you may be less tired and unable to sleep. Alternatively, you may start working on your computer in bed to make the most of your time spent awake. The light from your computer and the activity may worsen your ability to sleep. You may also start napping during the day to get some rest, which could undermine your sleep drive and ability to sleep at night. The existence of perpetuating factors prolongs your struggle with insomnia. Diagnosis Insomnia is usually diagnosed based on a careful history alone. In some cases, a sleep log, multiple sleep latency test , sleep-wake actigraphy , or a sleep study (polysomnogram) may provide corroborative evidence or be used to rule out other sleep conditions such as circadian rhythm disorder or sleep apnea . Insomnia Treatment If insomnia results in disrupted daytime function, especially if it persists chronically, it may require treatment. Here are a few key interventions that healthcare providers, especially sleep specialists , use to treat insomnia . Addressing Your Triggers For many people, insomnia goes away on its own. For example, a bad night of sleep before a school exam will go away as soon as the test is over. Other triggers can be alleviated once they are properly identified and addressed. For instance, afternoon caffeine , avoiding alcohol as a "nightcap," and removing technological devices or disturbances within your sleep environment may be enough for you to get some quality shuteye. If you are suffering from chronic insomnia, you may need to seek professional help. It can be very beneficial to address the beliefs, thoughts, and feelings that surround your insomnia with a treatment called cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) . With CBTI, a specially trained psychologist will help you identify your unique triggers and then help you defuse them. For instance: If you cannot fall asleep because you moved your bedtime up, sleep restriction —where you limit your time in bed and avoid daily naps—may be the recommendation. If you lie awake at night and cannot get to sleep, stimulus control may be helpful. If your mind races when you lie down, you may benefit from observing a buffer zone before bedtime or scheduling worry time during the day. Lastly, if your insomnia is due to a more long-term trigger (e.g., shift work or jet lag from frequent travel), talk with your healthcare provider about interventions that specifically target that trigger. Taking Medication There are many medications that can be effective in the short-term for treating insomnia. Two major classes include benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine medications. Some of these prescription and over-the-counter medications include: Ambien (zolpidem) Melatonin Rozerem (ramelteon) Silenor (doxepin) Raldesy (trazodone) Estazolam Restoril (temazepam) Quviviq (daridorexant) The reason why the above medications should only be used short-term and not long-term is that sleeping pills may cause something called tachyphylaxis. With this phenomenon, the medication becomes less effective, so higher doses are needed for the same effect. Ultimately, the medication stops working, and when discontinued, rebound insomnia occurs. Managing Coexisting Conditions It is also very important to address any chronic issues that might be contributing to or associated with your insomnia, such as an underlying mood disorder (e.g., depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder), another sleep disorder (e.g., sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome ), or a medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism or perimenopause). Speak with your healthcare provider about any symptoms you may be experiencing that cannot be explained by a diagnosis you've already been given, and work with him or her to adjust any treatment plans you are following that need fine-tuning to help you feel your best. Trying Complementary Therapy Some people also find various complementary therapies helpful for treating their insomnia, such as: Relaxation and biofeedback therapy Autogenic therapy Aromatherapy Hypnosis Yoga Progressive muscle relaxation Insomnia Healthcare Provider Discussion Guide Get our printable guide for your next healthcare provider's appointment to help you ask the right questions. Email Address Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. You can opt-out at any time. For more details, see our Privacy Policy .

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[Thyroid Test Analyzer](https://www.verywellhealth.com/thyroid-test-analyzer-8647820) - [Doctor Discussion Guides](https://www.verywellhealth.com/doctor-discussion-guides-4179090) - [Hemoglobin A1c Test Analyzer](https://www.verywellhealth.com/a1c-test-analyzer-8647852) - [Lipid Test Analyzer](https://www.verywellhealth.com/lipid-test-analyzer-8647856) - [Complete Blood Count (CBC) Analyzer](https://www.verywellhealth.com/complete-blood-count-cbc-analyzer-8647862) - [About Us](https://www.verywellhealth.com/about-us-5180305) - [Editorial Process](https://www.verywellhealth.com/verywell-editorial-process-4777042) - [Medical Review Board](https://www.verywellhealth.com/meet-our-medical-expert-board-11762003) Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Ⓒ 2026 People Inc. — All rights reserved # Insomnia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Trouble falling or staying asleep could be a disorder By [Brandon Peters, MD](https://www.verywellhealth.com/brandon-peters-md-3014640) Updated on March 29, 2026 Medically reviewed by [Lindsay Cook, PharmD](https://www.verywellhealth.com/lindsay-cook-5215415) Table of Contents View All Table of Contents - [Symptoms](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805#toc-insomnia-symptoms) - [Causes](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805#toc-causes) - [Diagnosis](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805#toc-diagnosis) - [Treatment](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805#toc-insomnia-treatment) ### Key Takeaways - Insomnia is a common condition that can lead to significant impairment in one's quality of life and daily functioning, as well as an increased risk of chronic health conditions. - Identifying and addressing triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and screen use before bedtime can help improve sleep. Insomnia can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, and lifestyle adjustments. Insomnia makes falling or staying asleep difficult, often resulting in poor daytime functioning. Understanding its triggers and possible treatments, like cognitive therapy or medication, can help manage this condition. ![insomnia]() ![insomnia](https://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/HIjQe9d-4M16Vwxo5-0M-t0Ij-o=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale\(\):max_bytes\(150000\):strip_icc\(\)/what-is-insomnia-the-features-symptoms-and-causes-3014805-01-6d8b6d5d948945e68dd24a68c45ef795.png) Verywell / JR Bee ## Insomnia Symptoms Insomnia can affect your daytime functioning, leading to symptoms like: - Fatigue or daytime sleepiness - Malaise (feeling unwell) - Poor attention or concentration - Impaired performance (errors, accidents) - Reduced energy or motivation - Behavioral problems (i.e., hyperactivity, impulsiveness, aggression) - Inability to nap - Headache, upset stomach, and chronic pain complaints Along with daytime symptoms, insomnia is often linked with mood disorders like anxiety or depression. Depression can cause [early morning awakenings](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-causes-early-morning-awakenings-3014946) and trouble falling back asleep. Anxiety might keep your mind racing at night with worries, creating a cycle where lack of sleep worsens anxiety. Insomnia may also impact serotonin levels and the [frontal lobe](https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-brains-frontal-lobe-3146196), which is crucial for decision-making and social interactions. When impaired, it may become harder to control suicidal thoughts or impulses. Studies suggest that the risk of suicide may double among those with insomnia. If you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial **988** to contact the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https://988lifeline.org/) and connect with a trained counselor. ## Causes Experts' understanding of the cause of insomnia is rooted in three factors: predisposition, provocation, and perpetuation. ### Predisposition Everyone has the potential to develop the kind of difficulty sleeping that characterizes insomnia. This is referred to as a predisposition or threshold. The threshold for developing insomnia will vary for each person. Believe it or not, there are people who rarely or never develop trouble sleeping at night. On the other hand, some people may be unlucky and are simply predisposed to have insomnia. This likely relates to genetic factors (insomnia often runs in families), age, sex (insomnia occurs more often in women), substance use, and other medical and psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, or chronic pain disorders, like [migraine](https://www.verywellhealth.com/symptoms-of-migraine-1718209) or [fibromyalgia](https://www.verywellhealth.com/understanding-fibromyalgia-4014067)). Insomnia may also be attributed to an increased alerting signal. This relates to the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. Some people may have an increased sympathetic drive, meaning they are primed to respond to an external threat. This signal can keep you awake during the day, but it also keeps people with insomnia up at night. Some have described this as being "tired but wired." 2:02 ### Click Play to Learn All About Insomnia This video has been medically reviewed by [Sanja Jelic, MD](https://www.verywellhealth.com/sanja-jelic-md-4685032) ### Provocation Even though you might have a predisposition to insomnia, it has to be triggered. These triggers are called precipitating or provocative factors. Examples of such factors include: - Drinking alcohol, caffeine, or smoking a cigarette before bed - Television or pets in the bedroom - Travel (causing jet lag) - Shift work - Stress from a lost job, financial problems, a divorce, or the death of a close friend or family member - Nighttime responsibilities, such as infant feedings Keep in mind that, typically, when the cause is removed, insomnia abates. However, it can also become perpetuated by changes you make. ### Perpetuation The final components that transform a passing difficulty sleeping into chronic insomnia are called perpetuating factors. These factors can best be understood by considering an example. Let’s imagine that you lie awake several hours in the middle of the night, a common occurrence in insomnia. You recognize that you need eight hours of sleep, and by lying awake you are cutting into this time. You decide to start going to bed two hours earlier to compensate. This may help some, but now that you are going to bed extra early, it is taking you more time to fall asleep. As you lie awake more of the night, your frustration increases, and you compound your initial insomnia. In the end, there are a variety of choices that might perpetuate your insomnia. Some people choose to limit their daytime activities because of sleepiness. This avoidance may reduce your physical activity. Since you aren't exercising, you may be less tired and unable to sleep. Alternatively, you may start working on your computer in bed to make the most of your time spent awake. The [light from your computer](https://www.verywellhealth.com/blue-light-exposure-3421985) and the activity may worsen your ability to sleep. You may also start napping during the day to get some rest, which could undermine your sleep drive and ability to sleep at night. The existence of perpetuating factors prolongs your struggle with insomnia. ## Diagnosis Insomnia is usually diagnosed based on a careful history alone. In some cases, a sleep log, [multiple sleep latency test](https://www.verywellhealth.com/multiple-sleep-latency-test-8752098), [sleep-wake actigraphy](https://www.verywellhealth.com/sleep-cycle-iphone-app-3973921), or a [sleep study (polysomnogram)](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-to-expect-in-a-sleep-study-3015121) may provide corroborative evidence or be used to rule out other sleep conditions such as [circadian rhythm disorder](https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-sleep-disorders-8778367) or [sleep apnea](https://www.verywellhealth.com/sleep-apnea-overview-3014774). ## Insomnia Treatment If insomnia results in disrupted daytime function, especially if it persists chronically, it may require treatment. Here are a few key interventions that healthcare providers, especially [sleep specialists](https://www.verywellhealth.com/sleep-specialist-5221561), use to [treat insomnia](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-insomnia-cbti-3015310). ### Addressing Your Triggers For many people, insomnia goes away on its own. For example, a bad night of sleep before a school exam will go away as soon as the test is over. Other triggers can be alleviated once they are properly identified and addressed. For instance, afternoon [caffeine](https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-to-eat-during-an-ibd-flare-up-4135142), avoiding alcohol as a "nightcap," and removing technological devices or disturbances within your sleep environment may be enough for you to get some quality shuteye. If you are suffering from chronic insomnia, you may need to seek professional help. It can be very beneficial to address the beliefs, thoughts, and feelings that surround your insomnia with a treatment called [cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI)](https://www.verywellhealth.com/sleep-hygiene-8717173). With CBTI, a specially trained psychologist will help you identify your unique triggers and then help you defuse them. For instance: - If you cannot fall asleep because you moved your bedtime up, [sleep restriction](https://www.verywellhealth.com/lack-of-deep-sleep-3966027)—where you limit your time in bed and avoid daily naps—may be the recommendation. - If you lie awake at night and cannot get to sleep, stimulus control may be helpful. - If your mind races when you lie down, you may benefit from observing a [buffer zone](https://www.verywellhealth.com/yoga-for-sleep-5219778) before bedtime or scheduling worry time during the day. Lastly, if your insomnia is due to a more long-term trigger (e.g., shift work or jet lag from frequent travel), talk with your healthcare provider about interventions that specifically target that trigger. ### Taking Medication There are many medications that can be effective in the short-term for treating insomnia. Two major classes include [benzodiazepine](https://www.verywellhealth.com/uses-types-and-risks-of-benzodiazepines-8631164) and nonbenzodiazepine medications. Some of these prescription and over-the-counter medications include: - Ambien (zolpidem) - [Melatonin](https://www.verywellhealth.com/melatonin-7501303) - Rozerem (ramelteon) - Silenor (doxepin) - Raldesy [(trazodone)](https://www.verywellhealth.com/trazodone-for-insomnia-3015244) - Estazolam - Restoril (temazepam) - Quviviq (daridorexant) The reason why the above medications should only be used short-term and not long-term is that [sleeping pills](https://www.verywellhealth.com/rebound-insomnia-how-long-sleep-worsens-after-stopping-pills-3014747) may cause something called tachyphylaxis. With this phenomenon, the medication becomes less effective, so higher doses are needed for the same effect. Ultimately, the medication stops working, and when discontinued, rebound insomnia occurs. ### Managing Coexisting Conditions It is also very important to address any chronic issues that might be contributing to or associated with your insomnia, such as an underlying mood disorder (e.g., depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder), another sleep disorder (e.g., sleep apnea or [restless legs syndrome](https://www.verywellhealth.com/restless-legs-syndrome-multiple-sclerosis-2440812)), or a medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism or perimenopause). Speak with your healthcare provider about any symptoms you may be experiencing that cannot be explained by a diagnosis you've already been given, and work with him or her to adjust any treatment plans you are following that need fine-tuning to help you feel your best. ### Trying Complementary Therapy Some people also find various complementary therapies helpful for treating their insomnia, such as: - Relaxation and biofeedback therapy - Autogenic therapy - [Aromatherapy](https://www.verywellhealth.com/aromatherapy-for-sleep-89673) - Hypnosis - Yoga - Progressive muscle relaxation #### Insomnia Healthcare Provider Discussion Guide Get our printable guide for your next healthcare provider's appointment to help you ask the right questions. ![Doctor Discussion Guide Woman]() ![Doctor Discussion Guide Woman](https://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/p3_hbspXIc1MJYK26g6OsFI4qQc=/270x180/filters:no_upscale\(\):max_bytes\(150000\):strip_icc\(\)/illo_Doctor-discussion-guide-01-5c3e5b20c9e77c00015d2ba5.png) [Download PDF](https://files.verywellhealth.com/doctor-discussion-guides/insomnia_doctor_discussion_guide.pdf) Read more: - [Health A-Z](https://www.verywellhealth.com/health-a-z-4014770) - [Sleep Disorders](https://www.verywellhealth.com/sleep-disorders-4014648) - [Insomnia & More Disorders](https://www.verywellhealth.com/insomnia-and-more-sleep-disorders-4013520) 3 Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our [editorial process](https://www.verywellhealth.com/verywell-editorial-process-4777042) to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. 1. Markwald RR, Iftikhar I, Youngstedt SD. [Behavioral strategies, including exercise, for addressing insomnia](https://doi.org/10.1249/FIT.0000000000000375). *ACSMs Health Fit J*. 2018;22(2):23–29. doi:10.1249/FIT.0000000000000375 2. Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AD, Neubauer DN, Heald JL. [Clinical practice guideline for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline](https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6470). *J Clin Sleep Med*. 2017;13(2):307–349. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6470 3. McCall WV. [The link between suicide and insomnia: theoretical mechanisms](https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11920-013-0389-9). *Curr Psychiatry Rep.* 2013;15(9):389. doi:10.1007/s11920-013-0389-9 Additional Reading - American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders, 3rd ed. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014. - Kryger, MH *et al*. "Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine." *ExpertConsult*, 6th edition, 2016. - Spielman AJ, Caruso LS, Glovinsky PB. [A behavioral perspective on insomnia treatment](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3332317). *Psychiatr Clin North Am*. 1987;10(4):541-553. ![Brandon Peters, M.D.]() ![Brandon Peters, M.D.](https://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/BbtKTL7wVNFD-4Y2KIj4azA0HpE=/144x144/filters:no_upscale\(\):max_bytes\(150000\):strip_icc\(\)/BrandonPetersMD_1000-5143e542c3084368b1220c4b86ede01c.png) By [Brandon Peters, MD](https://www.verywellhealth.com/brandon-peters-md-3014640) Dr. Peters is a board-certified neurologist and sleep medicine specialist and is a fellow of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. [See Our Editorial Process](https://www.verywellhealth.com/verywell-editorial-process-4777042) [Meet Our Medical Expert Board](https://www.verywellhealth.com/meet-our-medical-expert-board-11762003) Share Feedback Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback\! What is your feedback? 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Readable Markdown

### Key Takeaways - Insomnia is a common condition that can lead to significant impairment in one's quality of life and daily functioning, as well as an increased risk of chronic health conditions. - Identifying and addressing triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and screen use before bedtime can help improve sleep. Insomnia can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, and lifestyle adjustments. Insomnia makes falling or staying asleep difficult, often resulting in poor daytime functioning. Understanding its triggers and possible treatments, like cognitive therapy or medication, can help manage this condition. Verywell / JR Bee ## Insomnia Symptoms Insomnia can affect your daytime functioning, leading to symptoms like: - Fatigue or daytime sleepiness - Malaise (feeling unwell) - Poor attention or concentration - Impaired performance (errors, accidents) - Reduced energy or motivation - Behavioral problems (i.e., hyperactivity, impulsiveness, aggression) - Inability to nap - Headache, upset stomach, and chronic pain complaints Along with daytime symptoms, insomnia is often linked with mood disorders like anxiety or depression. Depression can cause [early morning awakenings](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-causes-early-morning-awakenings-3014946) and trouble falling back asleep. Anxiety might keep your mind racing at night with worries, creating a cycle where lack of sleep worsens anxiety. Insomnia may also impact serotonin levels and the [frontal lobe](https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-brains-frontal-lobe-3146196), which is crucial for decision-making and social interactions. When impaired, it may become harder to control suicidal thoughts or impulses. Studies suggest that the risk of suicide may double among those with insomnia. If you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial **988** to contact the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https://988lifeline.org/) and connect with a trained counselor. ## Causes Experts' understanding of the cause of insomnia is rooted in three factors: predisposition, provocation, and perpetuation. ### Predisposition Everyone has the potential to develop the kind of difficulty sleeping that characterizes insomnia. This is referred to as a predisposition or threshold. The threshold for developing insomnia will vary for each person. Believe it or not, there are people who rarely or never develop trouble sleeping at night. On the other hand, some people may be unlucky and are simply predisposed to have insomnia. This likely relates to genetic factors (insomnia often runs in families), age, sex (insomnia occurs more often in women), substance use, and other medical and psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, or chronic pain disorders, like [migraine](https://www.verywellhealth.com/symptoms-of-migraine-1718209) or [fibromyalgia](https://www.verywellhealth.com/understanding-fibromyalgia-4014067)). Insomnia may also be attributed to an increased alerting signal. This relates to the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. Some people may have an increased sympathetic drive, meaning they are primed to respond to an external threat. This signal can keep you awake during the day, but it also keeps people with insomnia up at night. Some have described this as being "tired but wired." 2:02 ### Click Play to Learn All About Insomnia ### Provocation Even though you might have a predisposition to insomnia, it has to be triggered. These triggers are called precipitating or provocative factors. Examples of such factors include: - Drinking alcohol, caffeine, or smoking a cigarette before bed - Television or pets in the bedroom - Travel (causing jet lag) - Shift work - Stress from a lost job, financial problems, a divorce, or the death of a close friend or family member - Nighttime responsibilities, such as infant feedings Keep in mind that, typically, when the cause is removed, insomnia abates. However, it can also become perpetuated by changes you make. ### Perpetuation The final components that transform a passing difficulty sleeping into chronic insomnia are called perpetuating factors. These factors can best be understood by considering an example. Let’s imagine that you lie awake several hours in the middle of the night, a common occurrence in insomnia. You recognize that you need eight hours of sleep, and by lying awake you are cutting into this time. You decide to start going to bed two hours earlier to compensate. This may help some, but now that you are going to bed extra early, it is taking you more time to fall asleep. As you lie awake more of the night, your frustration increases, and you compound your initial insomnia. In the end, there are a variety of choices that might perpetuate your insomnia. Some people choose to limit their daytime activities because of sleepiness. This avoidance may reduce your physical activity. Since you aren't exercising, you may be less tired and unable to sleep. Alternatively, you may start working on your computer in bed to make the most of your time spent awake. The [light from your computer](https://www.verywellhealth.com/blue-light-exposure-3421985) and the activity may worsen your ability to sleep. You may also start napping during the day to get some rest, which could undermine your sleep drive and ability to sleep at night. The existence of perpetuating factors prolongs your struggle with insomnia. ## Diagnosis Insomnia is usually diagnosed based on a careful history alone. In some cases, a sleep log, [multiple sleep latency test](https://www.verywellhealth.com/multiple-sleep-latency-test-8752098), [sleep-wake actigraphy](https://www.verywellhealth.com/sleep-cycle-iphone-app-3973921), or a [sleep study (polysomnogram)](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-to-expect-in-a-sleep-study-3015121) may provide corroborative evidence or be used to rule out other sleep conditions such as [circadian rhythm disorder](https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-sleep-disorders-8778367) or [sleep apnea](https://www.verywellhealth.com/sleep-apnea-overview-3014774). ## Insomnia Treatment If insomnia results in disrupted daytime function, especially if it persists chronically, it may require treatment. Here are a few key interventions that healthcare providers, especially [sleep specialists](https://www.verywellhealth.com/sleep-specialist-5221561), use to [treat insomnia](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-insomnia-cbti-3015310). ### Addressing Your Triggers For many people, insomnia goes away on its own. For example, a bad night of sleep before a school exam will go away as soon as the test is over. Other triggers can be alleviated once they are properly identified and addressed. For instance, afternoon [caffeine](https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-to-eat-during-an-ibd-flare-up-4135142), avoiding alcohol as a "nightcap," and removing technological devices or disturbances within your sleep environment may be enough for you to get some quality shuteye. If you are suffering from chronic insomnia, you may need to seek professional help. It can be very beneficial to address the beliefs, thoughts, and feelings that surround your insomnia with a treatment called [cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI)](https://www.verywellhealth.com/sleep-hygiene-8717173). With CBTI, a specially trained psychologist will help you identify your unique triggers and then help you defuse them. For instance: - If you cannot fall asleep because you moved your bedtime up, [sleep restriction](https://www.verywellhealth.com/lack-of-deep-sleep-3966027)—where you limit your time in bed and avoid daily naps—may be the recommendation. - If you lie awake at night and cannot get to sleep, stimulus control may be helpful. - If your mind races when you lie down, you may benefit from observing a [buffer zone](https://www.verywellhealth.com/yoga-for-sleep-5219778) before bedtime or scheduling worry time during the day. Lastly, if your insomnia is due to a more long-term trigger (e.g., shift work or jet lag from frequent travel), talk with your healthcare provider about interventions that specifically target that trigger. ### Taking Medication There are many medications that can be effective in the short-term for treating insomnia. Two major classes include [benzodiazepine](https://www.verywellhealth.com/uses-types-and-risks-of-benzodiazepines-8631164) and nonbenzodiazepine medications. Some of these prescription and over-the-counter medications include: - Ambien (zolpidem) - [Melatonin](https://www.verywellhealth.com/melatonin-7501303) - Rozerem (ramelteon) - Silenor (doxepin) - Raldesy [(trazodone)](https://www.verywellhealth.com/trazodone-for-insomnia-3015244) - Estazolam - Restoril (temazepam) - Quviviq (daridorexant) The reason why the above medications should only be used short-term and not long-term is that [sleeping pills](https://www.verywellhealth.com/rebound-insomnia-how-long-sleep-worsens-after-stopping-pills-3014747) may cause something called tachyphylaxis. With this phenomenon, the medication becomes less effective, so higher doses are needed for the same effect. Ultimately, the medication stops working, and when discontinued, rebound insomnia occurs. ### Managing Coexisting Conditions It is also very important to address any chronic issues that might be contributing to or associated with your insomnia, such as an underlying mood disorder (e.g., depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder), another sleep disorder (e.g., sleep apnea or [restless legs syndrome](https://www.verywellhealth.com/restless-legs-syndrome-multiple-sclerosis-2440812)), or a medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism or perimenopause). Speak with your healthcare provider about any symptoms you may be experiencing that cannot be explained by a diagnosis you've already been given, and work with him or her to adjust any treatment plans you are following that need fine-tuning to help you feel your best. ### Trying Complementary Therapy Some people also find various complementary therapies helpful for treating their insomnia, such as: - Relaxation and biofeedback therapy - Autogenic therapy - [Aromatherapy](https://www.verywellhealth.com/aromatherapy-for-sleep-89673) - Hypnosis - Yoga - Progressive muscle relaxation #### Insomnia Healthcare Provider Discussion Guide Get our printable guide for your next healthcare provider's appointment to help you ask the right questions. ![Doctor Discussion Guide Woman](https://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/p3_hbspXIc1MJYK26g6OsFI4qQc=/270x180/filters:no_upscale\(\):max_bytes\(150000\):strip_icc\(\)/illo_Doctor-discussion-guide-01-5c3e5b20c9e77c00015d2ba5.png)

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