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| Meta Title | 12 Early Signs That You Might Have a Heart Attack |
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| Boilerpipe Text | Key Takeaways
Chest pain is the most common warning sign of a heart attack, even before it happens.Â
Shortness of breath and chest heaviness may indicate a heart attack is coming.Â
If you feel these signs, call 911 right away and consider taking aspirin.Â
Before a heart attack, symptoms like fatigue, chest discomfort, or an irregular heart rate may appear even weeks earlier. Recognizing these prodromal signs can help you seek timely medical help and potentially prevent severe outcomes.
dragana991 / Getty Images
If you or someone nearby shows signs of a heart attack:
Call 911 right away and request an ambulance.
If the individual is awake, alert, and not allergic to aspirin, help them take either two to four, low-dose, 81-milligram (mg) aspirin tablets or one 325-mg aspirin tablet.
If they have been prescribed nitroglycerin, they can take it, too. Help them loosen tight or restrictive clothing and stay with them until emergency medical services arrive.
Be prepared to give CPR or use an AED (if available) if the person becomes unresponsive.
Let the paramedics know any medications and doses you helped the person take when they arrive.
1. Chest Pain
A 2023 cross-sectional study of 242 people who had a heart attack found that 100 experienced prodromal symptoms—minor symptoms before the onset of severe symptoms.
In this study,
chest pain
was the most common symptom, with 68% of people experiencing it preceding their heart attack.
2. Chest Heaviness
In the same 2023 study, 44% of people with prodromal symptoms reported episodes of chest heaviness, tightness, or pressure, often linked to exertion. These are common signs that may lead to a heart attack.
3. Heart Palpitations
The same study found that 42% of participants with early heart attack symptoms experienced
heart palpitations
.
These occur when your heart beats too fast or too hard, and it may feel like it's skipping a beat.
4. Shortness of Breath
Shortness of breath
(dyspnea) is often indicative of cardiovascular (heart) disease. You may struggle to catch your breath, whether walking or doing something physical, and sometimes even at rest. It can feel as if your lungs can't get enough air.
5. Chest Burning
A burning sensation in your chest is another potential sign of an impending heart attack. Chest burning due to heart disease can
feel like heartburn
(and vice versa).
Note the timing of your symptoms (e.g., after consuming a spicy meal that typically triggers heartburn) and any additional symptoms. If you experience regular chest pain or discomfort, seek medical attention.
6. Fatigue
You may feel extra tired from time to time, but feeling extremely fatigued may signify a more serious issue. If you experience persistent fatigue and cannot identify the underlying cause, consult a healthcare provider.
Heart Attack Symptoms: Females vs. Males
Although females and males typically (though not always) experience chest pain as a heart attack symptom, females are more likely to
have other symptoms
that you may associate with a heart attack. These symptoms include:
Shortness of breath
Nausea and vomiting
Back or jaw pain
Indigestion
Extreme fatigue
It's also more common for females to dismiss these symptoms and attribute them to a less serious problem instead of seeking help. Yet that can delay lifesaving care.
7. Dizziness or Lightheadedness
You may feel dizzy or lightheaded at times, even when you didn't experience these symptoms previously.
The dizziness may occur due to reduced blood flow to the brain associated with the heart not pumping as effectively.
Let a healthcare provider know if you're experiencing dizziness along with other pre-heart attack symptoms.
8. Nausea
Stomach discomfort, nausea, and vomiting are all possible symptoms of heart disease and a heart attack.
Keep an eye on this, especially if you're unable to identify another cause for the nausea.
9. Anxiety
Among patients with pre-heart attack symptoms, 23% experienced anxiety, according to one study.
People with
cardiovascular disease
often have co-occurring anxiety, which can contribute to disease progression.
10. Sleep Disturbances
There can be many causes for not getting a good night's rest, including extra stress or consuming caffeine too close to bedtime. However, sleep problems that occur without an apparent cause could be a heart attack warning sign.
Individuals with heart disease may experience
orthopnea
, which is shortness of breath when lying down. It can impact their ability to sleep.
11. Swelling
Sometimes, swelling in your legs, ankles, or feet could indicate heart disease. When blood does not flow around the body as it should, it can back up in the veins and cause swelling. The legs and ankles are a common place for this to happen.
12. Pain In Other Body Parts
Surprisingly, pain from a heart attack may not be isolated to your chest. It can also occur in your arms, back, jaw, or neck.
This pain may happen during a heart attack, but also in the weeks leading up to a heart attack.
Why Symptoms Precede a Heart Attack
Heart attack symptoms may occur before a heart attack as the body responds to reduced blood flow to the heart. Fatty cholesterol deposits, calcium, and inflammatory cells can accumulate in the walls of a coronary artery, the artery that carries blood to the heart, forming plaques.
If a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form within the coronary artery, which can block blood flow and oxygen to the heart, resulting in a heart attack.
While you can't reverse coronary artery disease once it is there, work with your healthcare provider to improve blood flow to the heart.
Causes of heart attack symptoms include, but are not limited to, the following:
Reduced blood flow to the heart can make the heart work harder to pump blood.
An
abnormal heart rhythm
can cause symptoms such as dizziness.
Blood not pumping as it should throughout the body can lead to symptoms like swollen legs or ankles.
What Happens Right Before a Heart Attack
Each person's symptoms right before a heart attack may differ. However, several symptoms are common for most people. You'll notice that these symptoms mirror the ones that occur in the weeks or months before a heart attack. These symptoms include:
Chest pain or discomfort, usually in the center or the left side of the chest. The pain may last more than a couple of minutes, or it may come and go.
Feeling light-headed or as if you're going to
faint
Breaking into a sweat
Back, neck, or jaw pain
Arm or shoulder discomfort
Shortness of breath
Seek emergency medical care if you suspect a heart attack.
A Word From Verywell
Heart attacks don't usually occur out of the blue; they are typically preceded by symptoms that are all too easy to rationalize away. An impending heart attack can be prevented with medical care. So, if you experience any of these symptoms, don't ignore them. Contact your healthcare provider right away.
9 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our
editorial process
to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Sohail H, Ram J, Hulio AA, et al.
Prodromal symptoms in patients presenting with myocardial infarction
.
Cureus
. 2023;15(8):e43732. doi:10.7759/cureus.43732.
American Red Cross.
Heart attack: symptoms, causes, how to help.
American Heart Association.
Heart failure signs and symptoms
.
American Heart Association.
Heartburn or heart attack?
American Heart Association.
Warning signs of a heart attack
.
American Heart Association.
Heart attack symptoms: men vs. women.
MedlinePlus.
Warning signs and symptoms of heart disease.
Celano CM, Daunis DJ, Lokko HN, Campbell KA, Huffman JC.
Anxiety disorders and cardiovascular disease
.
Curr Psychiatry Rep
. 2016(11):101. doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0739-5.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Heart attack symptoms, risk, and recovery
.
By
Vanessa Caceres
Caceres is a Florida-based health journalist with 15 years of experience. She holds a bachelor's degree in journalism and psychology and a master's degree in linguistics.
Was this page helpful?
Thanks for your feedback!
What is your feedback? |
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# 12 Early Signs That You Might Have a Heart Attack
By [Vanessa Caceres](https://www.verywellhealth.com/vanessa-caceres-5077583)
Updated on December 15, 2025
Medically reviewed by [Richard N. Fogoros, MD](https://www.verywellhealth.com/richard-n-fogoros-md-1745211)
Table of Contents
View All
Table of Contents
- [Symptoms](https://www.verywellhealth.com/six-signs-of-a-heart-attack-a-month-before-8584975#toc-1-chest-pain)
- [Why Symptoms Precede a Heart Attack](https://www.verywellhealth.com/six-signs-of-a-heart-attack-a-month-before-8584975#toc-why-symptoms-precede-a-heart-attack)
- [Right Before a Heart Attack](https://www.verywellhealth.com/six-signs-of-a-heart-attack-a-month-before-8584975#toc-what-happens-right-before-a-heart-attack)
Close
### Key Takeaways
- Chest pain is the most common warning sign of a heart attack, even before it happens.
- Shortness of breath and chest heaviness may indicate a heart attack is coming.
- If you feel these signs, call 911 right away and consider taking aspirin.
Before a heart attack, symptoms like fatigue, chest discomfort, or an irregular heart rate may appear even weeks earlier. Recognizing these prodromal signs can help you seek timely medical help and potentially prevent severe outcomes.
![Senior woman sitting on a sofa with her hand over her chest, appearing to have chest pain. ]()
:max_bytes\(150000\):strip_icc\(\)/GettyImages-997796862-e6eceaa5a4c441bb9b63bb4b2b2d4db8.jpg)
dragana991 / Getty Images
If you or someone nearby shows signs of a heart attack:
1. Call 911 right away and request an ambulance.
2. If the individual is awake, alert, and not allergic to aspirin, help them take either two to four, low-dose, 81-milligram (mg) aspirin tablets or one 325-mg aspirin tablet.
3. If they have been prescribed nitroglycerin, they can take it, too. Help them loosen tight or restrictive clothing and stay with them until emergency medical services arrive.
4. Be prepared to give CPR or use an AED (if available) if the person becomes unresponsive.
5. Let the paramedics know any medications and doses you helped the person take when they arrive.
## 1\. Chest Pain
A 2023 cross-sectional study of 242 people who had a heart attack found that 100 experienced prodromal symptoms—minor symptoms before the onset of severe symptoms.
In this study, [chest pain](https://www.verywellhealth.com/chest-pain-8420446) was the most common symptom, with 68% of people experiencing it preceding their heart attack.
## 2\. Chest Heaviness
In the same 2023 study, 44% of people with prodromal symptoms reported episodes of chest heaviness, tightness, or pressure, often linked to exertion. These are common signs that may lead to a heart attack.
## 3\. Heart Palpitations
The same study found that 42% of participants with early heart attack symptoms experienced [heart palpitations](https://www.verywellhealth.com/heart-palpitations-1745232). These occur when your heart beats too fast or too hard, and it may feel like it's skipping a beat.
## 4\. Shortness of Breath
[Shortness of breath](https://www.verywellhealth.com/shortness-of-breath-5222701) (dyspnea) is often indicative of cardiovascular (heart) disease. You may struggle to catch your breath, whether walking or doing something physical, and sometimes even at rest. It can feel as if your lungs can't get enough air.
## 5\. Chest Burning
A burning sensation in your chest is another potential sign of an impending heart attack. Chest burning due to heart disease can [feel like heartburn](https://www.verywellhealth.com/heartburn-vs-heart-attack-8662085) (and vice versa).
Note the timing of your symptoms (e.g., after consuming a spicy meal that typically triggers heartburn) and any additional symptoms. If you experience regular chest pain or discomfort, seek medical attention.
## 6\. Fatigue
You may feel extra tired from time to time, but feeling extremely fatigued may signify a more serious issue. If you experience persistent fatigue and cannot identify the underlying cause, consult a healthcare provider.
### Heart Attack Symptoms: Females vs. Males
Although females and males typically (though not always) experience chest pain as a heart attack symptom, females are more likely to [have other symptoms](https://www.verywellhealth.com/heart-attack-signs-in-women-8367365) that you may associate with a heart attack. These symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath
- Nausea and vomiting
- Back or jaw pain
- Indigestion
- Extreme fatigue
It's also more common for females to dismiss these symptoms and attribute them to a less serious problem instead of seeking help. Yet that can delay lifesaving care.
## 7\. Dizziness or Lightheadedness
You may feel dizzy or lightheaded at times, even when you didn't experience these symptoms previously. The dizziness may occur due to reduced blood flow to the brain associated with the heart not pumping as effectively.
Let a healthcare provider know if you're experiencing dizziness along with other pre-heart attack symptoms.
## 8\. Nausea
Stomach discomfort, nausea, and vomiting are all possible symptoms of heart disease and a heart attack. Keep an eye on this, especially if you're unable to identify another cause for the nausea.
## 9\. Anxiety
Among patients with pre-heart attack symptoms, 23% experienced anxiety, according to one study. People with [cardiovascular disease](https://www.verywellhealth.com/cardiovascular-disease-prevention-5215727) often have co-occurring anxiety, which can contribute to disease progression.
## 10\. Sleep Disturbances
There can be many causes for not getting a good night's rest, including extra stress or consuming caffeine too close to bedtime. However, sleep problems that occur without an apparent cause could be a heart attack warning sign.
Individuals with heart disease may experience [orthopnea](https://www.verywellhealth.com/shortness-of-breath-when-lying-down-8776020), which is shortness of breath when lying down. It can impact their ability to sleep.
## 11\. Swelling
Sometimes, swelling in your legs, ankles, or feet could indicate heart disease. When blood does not flow around the body as it should, it can back up in the veins and cause swelling. The legs and ankles are a common place for this to happen.
## 12\. Pain In Other Body Parts
Surprisingly, pain from a heart attack may not be isolated to your chest. It can also occur in your arms, back, jaw, or neck. This pain may happen during a heart attack, but also in the weeks leading up to a heart attack.
## Why Symptoms Precede a Heart Attack
Heart attack symptoms may occur before a heart attack as the body responds to reduced blood flow to the heart. Fatty cholesterol deposits, calcium, and inflammatory cells can accumulate in the walls of a coronary artery, the artery that carries blood to the heart, forming plaques.
If a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form within the coronary artery, which can block blood flow and oxygen to the heart, resulting in a heart attack. While you can't reverse coronary artery disease once it is there, work with your healthcare provider to improve blood flow to the heart.
Causes of heart attack symptoms include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Reduced blood flow to the heart can make the heart work harder to pump blood.
- An [abnormal heart rhythm](https://www.verywellhealth.com/cardiac-arrhythmias-signs-and-symptoms-4160572) can cause symptoms such as dizziness.
- Blood not pumping as it should throughout the body can lead to symptoms like swollen legs or ankles.
## What Happens Right Before a Heart Attack
Each person's symptoms right before a heart attack may differ. However, several symptoms are common for most people. You'll notice that these symptoms mirror the ones that occur in the weeks or months before a heart attack. These symptoms include:
- Chest pain or discomfort, usually in the center or the left side of the chest. The pain may last more than a couple of minutes, or it may come and go.
- Feeling light-headed or as if you're going to [faint](https://www.verywellhealth.com/causes-of-fainting-1298399)
- Breaking into a sweat
- Back, neck, or jaw pain
- Arm or shoulder discomfort
- Shortness of breath
Seek emergency medical care if you suspect a heart attack.
### A Word From Verywell
Heart attacks don't usually occur out of the blue; they are typically preceded by symptoms that are all too easy to rationalize away. An impending heart attack can be prevented with medical care. So, if you experience any of these symptoms, don't ignore them. Contact your healthcare provider right away.
— [RICHARD N. FOGOROS, MD, MEDICAL EXPERT BOARD](https://www.verywellhealth.com/richard-n-fogoros-md-1745211)
![Richard N. Fogoros, MD]()
:max_bytes\(150000\):strip_icc\(\)/RichardN.FogorosMD-7b13b3811f4949b5a303d8bebaa1d6c9.png)
Read more:
- [Health A-Z](https://www.verywellhealth.com/health-a-z-4014770)
- [Heart Health](https://www.verywellhealth.com/heart-health-4158438)
- [Heart Disease](https://www.verywellhealth.com/heart-disease-4014709)
- [Heart Attack](https://www.verywellhealth.com/heart-attack-overview-4581964)
9 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our [editorial process](https://www.verywellhealth.com/verywell-editorial-process-4777042) to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
1. Sohail H, Ram J, Hulio AA, et al. [Prodromal symptoms in patients presenting with myocardial infarction](https://doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.43732). *Cureus*. 2023;15(8):e43732. doi:10.7759/cureus.43732.
2. American Red Cross. [Heart attack: symptoms, causes, how to help.](https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/heart-attack)
3. American Heart Association. [Heart failure signs and symptoms](https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/warning-signs-of-heart-failure).
4. American Heart Association. [Heartburn or heart attack?](https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/heartburn-or-heart-attack)
5. American Heart Association. [Warning signs of a heart attack](https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/warning-signs-of-a-heart-attack%20).
6. American Heart Association. [Heart attack symptoms: men vs. women.](https://www2.heart.org/site/DocServer/Heart_Attack_Warning_Signs_-_Howard_S_Wright.pdf?docID=7095)
7. MedlinePlus. [Warning signs and symptoms of heart disease.](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000775.htm)
8. Celano CM, Daunis DJ, Lokko HN, Campbell KA, Huffman JC. [Anxiety disorders and cardiovascular disease](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11920-016-0739-5). *Curr Psychiatry Rep*. 2016(11):101. doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0739-5.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Heart attack symptoms, risk, and recovery](https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-attack.html).
![Vanessa]()
:max_bytes\(150000\):strip_icc\(\)/VanessaCaceres-3-b8bcca1bf63c497ca33fda60be99a8c1.jpg)
By [Vanessa Caceres](https://www.verywellhealth.com/vanessa-caceres-5077583)
Caceres is a Florida-based health journalist with 15 years of experience. She holds a bachelor's degree in journalism and psychology and a master's degree in linguistics.
[See Our Editorial Process](https://www.verywellhealth.com/verywell-editorial-process-4777042)
[Meet Our Medical Expert Board](https://www.verywellhealth.com/meet-our-medical-expert-board-11762003)
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| Readable Markdown | ### Key Takeaways
- Chest pain is the most common warning sign of a heart attack, even before it happens.
- Shortness of breath and chest heaviness may indicate a heart attack is coming.
- If you feel these signs, call 911 right away and consider taking aspirin.
Before a heart attack, symptoms like fatigue, chest discomfort, or an irregular heart rate may appear even weeks earlier. Recognizing these prodromal signs can help you seek timely medical help and potentially prevent severe outcomes.
dragana991 / Getty Images
If you or someone nearby shows signs of a heart attack:
1. Call 911 right away and request an ambulance.
2. If the individual is awake, alert, and not allergic to aspirin, help them take either two to four, low-dose, 81-milligram (mg) aspirin tablets or one 325-mg aspirin tablet.
3. If they have been prescribed nitroglycerin, they can take it, too. Help them loosen tight or restrictive clothing and stay with them until emergency medical services arrive.
4. Be prepared to give CPR or use an AED (if available) if the person becomes unresponsive.
5. Let the paramedics know any medications and doses you helped the person take when they arrive.
## 1\. Chest Pain
A 2023 cross-sectional study of 242 people who had a heart attack found that 100 experienced prodromal symptoms—minor symptoms before the onset of severe symptoms.
In this study, [chest pain](https://www.verywellhealth.com/chest-pain-8420446) was the most common symptom, with 68% of people experiencing it preceding their heart attack.
## 2\. Chest Heaviness
In the same 2023 study, 44% of people with prodromal symptoms reported episodes of chest heaviness, tightness, or pressure, often linked to exertion. These are common signs that may lead to a heart attack.
## 3\. Heart Palpitations
The same study found that 42% of participants with early heart attack symptoms experienced [heart palpitations](https://www.verywellhealth.com/heart-palpitations-1745232). These occur when your heart beats too fast or too hard, and it may feel like it's skipping a beat.
## 4\. Shortness of Breath
[Shortness of breath](https://www.verywellhealth.com/shortness-of-breath-5222701) (dyspnea) is often indicative of cardiovascular (heart) disease. You may struggle to catch your breath, whether walking or doing something physical, and sometimes even at rest. It can feel as if your lungs can't get enough air.
## 5\. Chest Burning
A burning sensation in your chest is another potential sign of an impending heart attack. Chest burning due to heart disease can [feel like heartburn](https://www.verywellhealth.com/heartburn-vs-heart-attack-8662085) (and vice versa).
Note the timing of your symptoms (e.g., after consuming a spicy meal that typically triggers heartburn) and any additional symptoms. If you experience regular chest pain or discomfort, seek medical attention.
## 6\. Fatigue
You may feel extra tired from time to time, but feeling extremely fatigued may signify a more serious issue. If you experience persistent fatigue and cannot identify the underlying cause, consult a healthcare provider.
### Heart Attack Symptoms: Females vs. Males
Although females and males typically (though not always) experience chest pain as a heart attack symptom, females are more likely to [have other symptoms](https://www.verywellhealth.com/heart-attack-signs-in-women-8367365) that you may associate with a heart attack. These symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath
- Nausea and vomiting
- Back or jaw pain
- Indigestion
- Extreme fatigue
It's also more common for females to dismiss these symptoms and attribute them to a less serious problem instead of seeking help. Yet that can delay lifesaving care.
## 7\. Dizziness or Lightheadedness
You may feel dizzy or lightheaded at times, even when you didn't experience these symptoms previously. The dizziness may occur due to reduced blood flow to the brain associated with the heart not pumping as effectively.
Let a healthcare provider know if you're experiencing dizziness along with other pre-heart attack symptoms.
## 8\. Nausea
Stomach discomfort, nausea, and vomiting are all possible symptoms of heart disease and a heart attack. Keep an eye on this, especially if you're unable to identify another cause for the nausea.
## 9\. Anxiety
Among patients with pre-heart attack symptoms, 23% experienced anxiety, according to one study. People with [cardiovascular disease](https://www.verywellhealth.com/cardiovascular-disease-prevention-5215727) often have co-occurring anxiety, which can contribute to disease progression.
## 10\. Sleep Disturbances
There can be many causes for not getting a good night's rest, including extra stress or consuming caffeine too close to bedtime. However, sleep problems that occur without an apparent cause could be a heart attack warning sign.
Individuals with heart disease may experience [orthopnea](https://www.verywellhealth.com/shortness-of-breath-when-lying-down-8776020), which is shortness of breath when lying down. It can impact their ability to sleep.
## 11\. Swelling
Sometimes, swelling in your legs, ankles, or feet could indicate heart disease. When blood does not flow around the body as it should, it can back up in the veins and cause swelling. The legs and ankles are a common place for this to happen.
## 12\. Pain In Other Body Parts
Surprisingly, pain from a heart attack may not be isolated to your chest. It can also occur in your arms, back, jaw, or neck. This pain may happen during a heart attack, but also in the weeks leading up to a heart attack.
## Why Symptoms Precede a Heart Attack
Heart attack symptoms may occur before a heart attack as the body responds to reduced blood flow to the heart. Fatty cholesterol deposits, calcium, and inflammatory cells can accumulate in the walls of a coronary artery, the artery that carries blood to the heart, forming plaques.
If a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form within the coronary artery, which can block blood flow and oxygen to the heart, resulting in a heart attack. While you can't reverse coronary artery disease once it is there, work with your healthcare provider to improve blood flow to the heart.
Causes of heart attack symptoms include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Reduced blood flow to the heart can make the heart work harder to pump blood.
- An [abnormal heart rhythm](https://www.verywellhealth.com/cardiac-arrhythmias-signs-and-symptoms-4160572) can cause symptoms such as dizziness.
- Blood not pumping as it should throughout the body can lead to symptoms like swollen legs or ankles.
## What Happens Right Before a Heart Attack
Each person's symptoms right before a heart attack may differ. However, several symptoms are common for most people. You'll notice that these symptoms mirror the ones that occur in the weeks or months before a heart attack. These symptoms include:
- Chest pain or discomfort, usually in the center or the left side of the chest. The pain may last more than a couple of minutes, or it may come and go.
- Feeling light-headed or as if you're going to [faint](https://www.verywellhealth.com/causes-of-fainting-1298399)
- Breaking into a sweat
- Back, neck, or jaw pain
- Arm or shoulder discomfort
- Shortness of breath
Seek emergency medical care if you suspect a heart attack.
### A Word From Verywell
Heart attacks don't usually occur out of the blue; they are typically preceded by symptoms that are all too easy to rationalize away. An impending heart attack can be prevented with medical care. So, if you experience any of these symptoms, don't ignore them. Contact your healthcare provider right away.
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9 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our [editorial process](https://www.verywellhealth.com/verywell-editorial-process-4777042) to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
1. Sohail H, Ram J, Hulio AA, et al. [Prodromal symptoms in patients presenting with myocardial infarction](https://doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.43732). *Cureus*. 2023;15(8):e43732. doi:10.7759/cureus.43732.
2. American Red Cross. [Heart attack: symptoms, causes, how to help.](https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/heart-attack)
3. American Heart Association. [Heart failure signs and symptoms](https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/warning-signs-of-heart-failure).
4. American Heart Association. [Heartburn or heart attack?](https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/heartburn-or-heart-attack)
5. American Heart Association. [Warning signs of a heart attack](https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/warning-signs-of-a-heart-attack).
6. American Heart Association. [Heart attack symptoms: men vs. women.](https://www2.heart.org/site/DocServer/Heart_Attack_Warning_Signs_-_Howard_S_Wright.pdf?docID=7095)
7. MedlinePlus. [Warning signs and symptoms of heart disease.](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000775.htm)
8. Celano CM, Daunis DJ, Lokko HN, Campbell KA, Huffman JC. [Anxiety disorders and cardiovascular disease](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11920-016-0739-5). *Curr Psychiatry Rep*. 2016(11):101. doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0739-5.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Heart attack symptoms, risk, and recovery](https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-attack.html).
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By [Vanessa Caceres](https://www.verywellhealth.com/vanessa-caceres-5077583)
Caceres is a Florida-based health journalist with 15 years of experience. She holds a bachelor's degree in journalism and psychology and a master's degree in linguistics.
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