🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 50 (from laksa109)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa050.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.verywellhealth.com/mental-illness-5113353\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.verywellhealth.com/mental-illness-5113353\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/mental-illness-5113353","crawl_time":1776002551,"first_indexed_time":1616815504,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,verywellhealth!www,\/mental-illness-5113353 s443","src_root_hash":"5681562863987870850","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Common Types of Mental Illness and Their Symptoms","meta_descriptions":["Explore various mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. Learn their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Key Takeaways\nMental disorders include conditions that affect mood, thought patterns, and behavior. \nCommon mental health conditions include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and more.\nIf you have mental health concerns, it's important to reach out to a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.\nMental illness affects how people think, feel, and act—impacting millions each year. Knowing the most common disorders, such as anxiety, bipolar, and depressive disorders, can help guide those affected toward effective diagnosis and treatment.\nTheresa Chiechi \/ Verywell\nAnxiety Disorders\nAnxiety disorders are the most common mental health concern in the U.S., affecting 19.1% of people.\nIndividuals with these disorders experience excessive fear, anxiety, and related behaviors. Anxiety symptoms can worsen over time, impacting daily life. People with anxiety may avoid situations or triggers that make symptoms worse.\nAnxiety disorders are a group of related conditions, each having unique symptoms. Types of anxiety disorders include:\nGeneralized anxiety disorder\n—frequent and persistent anxiety that may last for months or even years\nPanic disorder\n—experiencing panic attacks regularly (from a few times a day to a few times a year)\nSocial anxiety disorder\n—severe fear of social judgment that may cause avoidance of social situations\nSpecific phobia\n—a severe fear of a particular object or situation (e.g., spiders, heights, or flying)\nBipolar and Related Disorders\nBipolar disorder causes dramatic shifts in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to think clearly. People with this disorder experience extremely high and low moods, known as mania and depression. They may have distinct manic or depressed states, or they may have long periods without symptoms.\nA person with bipolar disorder can also experience mixed manic and depressive symptoms. Bipolar disorder affects 2.8% of the U.S. population, and 83% of cases are classified as severe.\nBipolar disorders can be categorized into three types, including:\nBipolar I disorder\n—featuring severe episodes of mania that may require hospitalization and typically depressive episodes as well\nBipolar II disorder\n—a pattern featuring episodes of hypomania (less severe than mania) and episodes of depression\nCyclothymic disorder\n or cyclothymia—a pattern of depressive and hypomanic symptoms that aren't severe or long enough to qualify for a bipolar II disorder diagnosis\nDepressive Disorders\nPeople with depressive disorders, commonly referred to as simply depression, experience a sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by physical and cognitive changes that are severe or persistent enough to interfere with daily functioning. Some will only experience one depressive episode in their lifetime, but for most, depressive disorder recurs. Without treatment, episodes may last a few months to several years.\nThose with depression lose interest or pleasure in activities and experience excessive fatigue, appetite changes, sleep disturbances, indecision, and poor concentration. Suicidal thinking or behavior can also occur.\nThere are many types of depressive disorders, including:\nMajor depressive disorder\n: Severe depressive symptoms that last for at least two weeks\nPrenatal depression\n(during pregnancy) and\npostpartum depression\n(after childbirth): Together known as perinatal depression\nPersistent depressive disorder\n(also known as\ndysthymia\n): Depressive symptoms less severe than in major depressive disorder, but may last longer (at least two years)\nSeasonal affective disorder (SAD)\n: Depression recurring for a few months every year around the change of seasons (typically in winter)\nMajor depressive disorder with symptoms of psychosis\n: Severe depression that comes with delusions and hallucinations\nPremenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)\n: Severe depression recurring one to two weeks before the start of the menstrual period\nDissociative Disorders \nDissociation refers to a disconnection between a person’s thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of who they are. Symptoms of dissociative disorders can potentially affect every area of mental functioning. Dissociative disorders involve disruptions in memory, identity, emotion, perception, behavior, and sense of self.\nExamples of dissociative symptoms include the experience of detachment or feeling outside of your body, as well as loss of memory or amnesia. Dissociative disorders are frequently associated with previous experiences of trauma. It is believed that dissociation helps a person tolerate what might otherwise be too difficult to bear.\nThere are three types of dissociative disorders:\nDissociative identity disorder\n—experiencing multiple independent identities in the same body, each with its own behaviors and memories\nDissociative amnesia\n—having large gaps in personal memories, often related to stressful or traumatic experiences\nDepersonalization\/derealization disorder\n—persistently feeling removed from personal self and the environment\nFeeding and Eating Disorders\nPeople with feeding and eating disorders experience severe disturbances in their eating behaviors and related thoughts and emotions. They may become so preoccupied with food and weight issues that they find it harder and harder to focus on other aspects of their life.\nOver time, these behaviors can significantly impair physical health and psychosocial functioning. Eating disorders affect several million people at any given time, most often women between the ages of 12 and 35.\n \nThere are three main types of eating disorders:\nAnorexia nervosa\n—consistently restricting or avoiding food to lose weight, regardless of body weight\nBulimia nervosa\n—episodes of eating a lot of food followed by attempts to remove the food through behaviors like vomiting, fasting, or using laxatives\nBinge-eating disorder\n—episodes of eating a lot of food, but without trying to remove the food\nGender Dysphoria\nGender dysphoria\nrefers to psychological distress that results from a difference between one’s sex assigned at birth and one’s\ngender identity\n. It often begins in childhood, but some people may not experience it until after puberty or much later.\nTransgender people are individuals whose sex assigned at birth does not match their gender identity. Some transgender people experience gender dysphoria, and they may or may not change the way they dress or look to align with their felt gender.\nNeurocognitive Disorders\nNeurocognitive disorders lead to a decline in cognitive function from a previously obtained level. People with this condition may experience noticeable memory loss, difficulty communicating, significant problems handling daily tasks, confusion, and personality changes.\nNeurocognitive disorders can be caused by a wide range of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular disease, traumatic brain injury, HIV infection, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease.\nTypes of neurocognitive disorders include:\nDelirium\n—typically a temporary and treatable state of confusion, disorientation, and difficulty thinking or remembering\nMajor neurocognitive disorder (dementia)\n—gradual and severe decrease in memory and thinking abilities, enough to interfere with daily activities\nMild neurocognitive disorder\n—a decrease in memory and thinking abilities greater than expected for one's age, but less severe than dementia\nNeurodevelopmental Disorders \nNeurodevelopmental disorders have an onset in the developmental period, with the development of the central nervous system disturbed. This can produce impairments in personal, social, and academic functioning.\nTypes of neurodevelopmental disorders include:\nAutism spectrum disorder\nAttention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)\nNeurodevelopmental motor disorders\nSpecific learning disorders\nCommunication disorders\nIntellectual disability\nObsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders\nObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder in which people have recurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas, or sensations (obsessions) that make them feel driven to do something repetitively (compulsions). These repetitive behaviors can significantly interfere with a person’s daily activities and social interactions. Not performing the behaviors commonly causes great distress.\nPeople with OCD have difficulty disengaging from the obsessive thoughts or stopping the compulsive actions. This disorder is estimated to affect 2% to 3% of U.S. adults.\nDisorders related to OCD include:\nHoarding disorder\n—collecting too many items, resulting in clutter that is distressing and interferes with daily life\nBody dysmorphic disorder\n (body dysmorphia)\n—excessive worry over one's appearance\nBody-focused repetitive behaviors like\nexcoriation\n(skin-picking) disorder and\ntrichotillomania\n(hair-pulling disorder)\nPersonality Disorders\nPeople with personality disorders have persistent patterns of perceiving, reacting, and relating that are maladaptive (poorly adjusted) and rigid, causing distress and functional impairments. The pattern of experience and behavior begins by the time of late adolescence or early adulthood.\nPeople with personality disorders may have trouble dealing with everyday stressors and problems, and they often have difficult relationships with other people.\nThere are 10 types of personality disorders:\nAntisocial personality disorder\n—showing a pattern of manipulating others\nAvoidant personality disorder\n—avoiding others because of feelings of inferiority and fear of rejection\nBorderline personality disorder\n—difficulty managing emotions\nDependent personality disorder\n—excessive dependence on others\nHistrionic personality disorder\n—excessive need for attention, along with dramatic behavior and strong emotions\nNarcissistic personality disorder\n—feeling superior and lacking empathy\nObsessive-compulsive personality disorder\n—excessive need for control and order\nParanoid personality disorder\n—excessive fear and distrust of others\nSchizoid personality disorder\n—strong preference for being alone\nSchizotypal personality disorder\n—discomfort with relationships, along with odd behaviors and difficulties communicating\nSchizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders\nPeople with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders lose touch with reality and experience a range of symptoms that may include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, and disorganized or abnormal behavior. Schizophrenia affects less than 1% of the U.S. population.\nOther psychotic disorders include:\nBrief psychotic disorder\n—psychotic symptoms that last less than a month (but may recur)\nDelusional disorder\n—experiencing delusional thoughts for at least a month\nSchizoaffective disorder\n—psychotic symptoms along with severe mood and behavior swings (a combination of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder symptoms)\nSubstance-induced psychotic disorder\n—psychotic symptoms induced by drugs such as cocaine\nSleep-Wake Disorders\nSleep-wake disorders, also known as sleep disorders, involve problems with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment in functioning.\nThey often occur along with medical conditions or other mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or cognitive disorders.\nThere are several types of sleep-wake disorders:\nInsomnia\n—inability to fall or stay asleep\nObstructive sleep apnea\n—experiencing apneas (episodes of stopped breathing for at least 10 seconds) during sleep\nParasomnias\n—odd behaviors around and during sleep time, including walking or talking\nNarcolepsy\n—experiencing extreme daytime sleepiness and other sleep-related symptoms\nRestless leg syndrome\n—tingling in your legs or a need to move your legs\nSubstance-Related and Addictive Disorders\nThis category includes substance use disorders (often referred to as substance abuse). They occur when a person continues the use of alcohol or another drug or substance despite significant substance-related problems.\nPeople with substance abuse disorders have an intense focus on using certain substances to the point where their ability to function in day-to-day life may become impaired.\nTrauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders\nThese disorders occur after exposure to a stressful or traumatic event, which can include exposure to physical or emotional violence or pain, abuse, neglect, or a catastrophic event. Trauma-related disorders are characterized by a variety of symptoms, including intrusion symptoms (flashbacks), avoidance, changes in mood such as\nanhedonia\n,\ndysphoria\n(dissatisfaction with life),\nanger\n, aggression, and dissociation.\nTypes of trauma-related disorders include:\nPost-traumatic stress disorder\n—a severe reaction to trauma that lasts for longer than a month\nAcute stress disorder\n—a severe reaction to trauma within the first month of the traumatic event\nAdjustment disorder\n—severe mood and behavior symptoms such as nervousness, impulsivity, and sadness, following a stressful event\nReactive attachment disorder\n—difficulty connecting or being physically close with others, as well as experiencing positive emotions, due to childhood neglect or abuse\nDisinhibited social engagement disorder\n—in children, wandering away from caregivers and excessive friendliness toward strangers\nDiagnosis Mental Health Disorders\nMental Illness and Suicide\nIf you experience symptoms of a mental illness, try to see a healthcare provider or mental health professional as soon as you can. It is estimated that 46% of people who die by suicide have a diagnosed mental health condition and 90% of individuals who die by suicide have experienced symptoms of a mental health condition.\nThere are many treatment options for mental illnesses. A prompt diagnosis can lead to significant improvements in your quality of life.\nMany people develop a mental illness early on in life, with 50% of all lifetime mental illnesses beginning by age 14 and 75% by age 24.\nDoctors and other mental health professionals diagnose mental illness by using the criteria outlined in the DSM-5. Many conditions require all criteria to be met before a diagnosis can be made. Others, like borderline personality disorder, require only a set number of criteria from a larger list to be met. \nMany disorders are further classified by severity and specifications that can help doctors determine the appropriate course of treatment for an individual patient. For example, someone being diagnosed with OCD will also be categorized based on their level of insight as to whether their OCD-related beliefs are true and whether or not they present with a current or past history of a tic disorder.\nIt is common for people to have more than one mental illness at a time. By some estimates, about half of people with one mental illness have a comorbid (co-occurring) substance use disorder present at the same time or sequentially.\n \nAs such, the likelihood of a mental health and substance use disorder dual diagnosis is high. This may be due to common risk factors and the fact that having one condition predisposes a person to the other. \nOther common comorbidity examples include: \nBorderline personality disorder\n: Major depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders\nSocial anxiety disorder\n:\nOther anxiety disorders, major depressive disorders, and alcohol use disorder\nEating disorders\n:\nAnxiety disorders, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder\nPrimary care physicians and mental health professionals should work together because a diagnosis as defined by the DSM-5 requires exclusion of other possible causes, including physical causes and other mental disorders with similar features. For example,\nparanoid delusions\nin older adults can be caused by Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, strokes, Alzheimer’s disease, and other forms of dementia.\nTreatment Options\nDue to the wide variety of mental illnesses, many different health professionals may be involved in the treatment process, including:\nPsychologists\nTherapists\nSocial workers\nPsychiatrists\nPrimary care and other medical physicians \nPharmacists\nNurses\nTreatment may include one or more of the above professionals and one or more methods (e.g. psychotherapy combined with medication). Disorders that resist initial treatment may require further interventions.\nPsychotherapy\nPsychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is used to treat and support a broad range of mental illnesses by helping a person build self-esteem; reduce anxiety, depression, and other symptoms; cope with their illness; and improve overall functioning and well-being. \nCommon types of psychotherapy include:\nCognitive behavioral therapy\n(CBT)\n:\nHelps you identify and change maladaptive behaviors\nDialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)\n: Uses aspects of CBT along with other strategies, like\nmindfulness\n, to help you regulate emotions, as well as teaches new skills to change unhealthy and disruptive behaviors\nSupportive therapy\n: Helps you build self-esteem while reducing anxiety, strengthening coping mechanisms, and improving social functioning\nMedication\nMedications may be used to reduce symptoms and restore functioning. They are often used in conjunction with psychotherapy.\nFour major types of psychotropic drugs include:\nAntidepressants\nsuch as SSRIs, SNRIs, and bupropion are used to treat symptoms of depression, anxiety, pain, and insomnia.\nAnxiolytics\nare anti-anxiety medications used in the acute (in-the-moment) treatment of anxiety-related symptoms ranging from panic attacks to feelings of agitation.\nAntipsychotics\nare used to treat symptoms of psychosis, including delusions and hallucinations. Additionally, they may be used to treat certain mood and other psychiatric disorders.\nMood stabilizers\nsuch as\nlithium\ncan be used to treat bipolar disorder and mood swings associated with other disorders. They can also help with certain depressive disorders.\nProcedures\nNeurotherapeutic procedures like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation are used in cases of treatment-resistant and severe depression.\nDuring ECT, electrodes are placed on the head to deliver a small amount of electrical stimulation to the brain to induce brief seizures while the patient is under anesthesia. For transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnets are used to stimulate areas of the brain associated with mood regulation.\nKetamine infusion or nasal spray therapy offers another option for people with treatment-resistant major depression. It may work rapidly and help reduce suicide ideation.\nLifestyle\nLifestyle changes help promote overall well-being. You may benefit from:\nExercising for at least 20 minutes a day\nPracticing mindfulness in meditation or yoga\nAvoiding smoking\nAvoiding substance use (including alcohol)\nEating a well-rounded diet that limits fats and refined sugars\nHaving a support system \nMaintaining a regular seven- to nine-hour sleep routine\nPracticing positive thinking\nIf you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial \n988\n to contact the \n988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline\n and connect with a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call\n911\n.","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/mental-illness-5113353#skip-to-content)\n\nMenu\n\n- [Health A-Z](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/health-a-z-4014770)\n  - [Colorectal Cancer](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/colon-cancer-4014742)\n  - [Arthritis](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/arthritis-overview-4582013)\n  - [Type 2 Diabetes](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/type-2-diabetes-overview-4581874)\n  - [Digestive Health](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/digestive-health-4141198)\n  - [Multiple Sclerosis](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/multiple-sclerosis-overview-4581925)\n  - [Skin Health](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/skin-health-4014649)\n  - [View All](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/health-a-z-4014770)\n- [Prevention & Treatment](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/prevention-and-treatment-4158390)\n  - [Diet & Nutrition](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/nutrition-diet-and-healthy-eating-5202128)\n  - 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Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.\n\nⒸ 2026 People Inc. — All rights reserved\n\n# Common Types of Mental Illness and Their Symptoms\nBy [Michelle Pugle](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/michelle-pugle-5084346)\n\nUpdated on November 10, 2025\n\nMedically reviewed by  [Steven Gans, MD](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/steven-gans-md-4685030)\n\nClose\n\n### Key Takeaways\n- Mental disorders include conditions that affect mood, thought patterns, and behavior.\n- Common mental health conditions include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and more.\n- If you have mental health concerns, it's important to reach out to a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.\n\nMental illness affects how people think, feel, and act—impacting millions each year. Knowing the most common disorders, such as anxiety, bipolar, and depressive disorders, can help guide those affected toward effective diagnosis and treatment.\n\nTheresa Chiechi \/ Verywell\n\n## Anxiety Disorders\nAnxiety disorders are the most common mental health concern in the U.S., affecting 19.1% of people. Individuals with these disorders experience excessive fear, anxiety, and related behaviors. Anxiety symptoms can worsen over time, impacting daily life. People with anxiety may avoid situations or triggers that make symptoms worse.\n\nAnxiety disorders are a group of related conditions, each having unique symptoms. Types of anxiety disorders include:\n\n- **Generalized anxiety disorder**—frequent and persistent anxiety that may last for months or even years\n- **Panic disorder**—experiencing panic attacks regularly (from a few times a day to a few times a year)\n- [**Social anxiety disorder**](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/how-social-anxiety-disorder-is-treated-5113725)—severe fear of social judgment that may cause avoidance of social situations\n- **Specific phobia**—a severe fear of a particular object or situation (e.g., spiders, heights, or flying)\n## Bipolar and Related Disorders\nBipolar disorder causes dramatic shifts in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to think clearly. People with this disorder experience extremely high and low moods, known as mania and depression. They may have distinct manic or depressed states, or they may have long periods without symptoms.\n\nA person with bipolar disorder can also experience mixed manic and depressive symptoms. Bipolar disorder affects 2.8% of the U.S. population, and 83% of cases are classified as severe.\n\nBipolar disorders can be categorized into three types, including:\n\n- **Bipolar I disorder**—featuring severe episodes of mania that may require hospitalization and typically depressive episodes as well\n- **Bipolar II disorder**—a pattern featuring episodes of hypomania (less severe than mania) and episodes of depression\n- **Cyclothymic disorder** or cyclothymia—a pattern of depressive and hypomanic symptoms that aren't severe or long enough to qualify for a bipolar II disorder diagnosis\n## Depressive Disorders\nPeople with depressive disorders, commonly referred to as simply depression, experience a sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by physical and cognitive changes that are severe or persistent enough to interfere with daily functioning. Some will only experience one depressive episode in their lifetime, but for most, depressive disorder recurs. Without treatment, episodes may last a few months to several years.\n\nThose with depression lose interest or pleasure in activities and experience excessive fatigue, appetite changes, sleep disturbances, indecision, and poor concentration. Suicidal thinking or behavior can also occur.\n\nThere are many types of depressive disorders, including:\n\n- **Major depressive disorder**: Severe depressive symptoms that last for at least two weeks\n- **Prenatal depression** (during pregnancy) and **postpartum depression** (after childbirth): Together known as perinatal depression\n- **Persistent depressive disorder** (also known as dysthymia): Depressive symptoms less severe than in major depressive disorder, but may last longer (at least two years)\n- **Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)**: Depression recurring for a few months every year around the change of seasons (typically in winter)\n- **Major depressive disorder with symptoms of psychosis**: Severe depression that comes with delusions and hallucinations\n- **Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)**: Severe depression recurring one to two weeks before the start of the menstrual period\n## Dissociative Disorders\nDissociation refers to a disconnection between a person’s thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of who they are. Symptoms of dissociative disorders can potentially affect every area of mental functioning. Dissociative disorders involve disruptions in memory, identity, emotion, perception, behavior, and sense of self.\n\nExamples of dissociative symptoms include the experience of detachment or feeling outside of your body, as well as loss of memory or amnesia. Dissociative disorders are frequently associated with previous experiences of trauma. It is believed that dissociation helps a person tolerate what might otherwise be too difficult to bear.\n\nThere are three types of dissociative disorders:\n\n- **Dissociative identity disorder**—experiencing multiple independent identities in the same body, each with its own behaviors and memories\n- **Dissociative amnesia**—having large gaps in personal memories, often related to stressful or traumatic experiences\n- **Depersonalization\/derealization disorder**—persistently feeling removed from personal self and the environment\n## Feeding and Eating Disorders\nPeople with feeding and eating disorders experience severe disturbances in their eating behaviors and related thoughts and emotions. They may become so preoccupied with food and weight issues that they find it harder and harder to focus on other aspects of their life.\n\nOver time, these behaviors can significantly impair physical health and psychosocial functioning. Eating disorders affect several million people at any given time, most often women between the ages of 12 and 35.\n\nThere are three main types of eating disorders:\n\n- **Anorexia nervosa**—consistently restricting or avoiding food to lose weight, regardless of body weight\n- **Bulimia nervosa**—episodes of eating a lot of food followed by attempts to remove the food through behaviors like vomiting, fasting, or using laxatives\n- **Binge-eating disorder**—episodes of eating a lot of food, but without trying to remove the food\n## Gender Dysphoria\n[Gender dysphoria](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/understanding-gender-dysphoria-4587339) refers to psychological distress that results from a difference between one’s sex assigned at birth and one’s [gender identity](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/gender-stereotypes-5323771). It often begins in childhood, but some people may not experience it until after puberty or much later.\n\nTransgender people are individuals whose sex assigned at birth does not match their gender identity. Some transgender people experience gender dysphoria, and they may or may not change the way they dress or look to align with their felt gender.\n\n## Neurocognitive Disorders\nNeurocognitive disorders lead to a decline in cognitive function from a previously obtained level. People with this condition may experience noticeable memory loss, difficulty communicating, significant problems handling daily tasks, confusion, and personality changes.\n\nNeurocognitive disorders can be caused by a wide range of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular disease, traumatic brain injury, HIV infection, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease.\n\nTypes of neurocognitive disorders include:\n\n- [**Delirium**](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/delirium-5223127)—typically a temporary and treatable state of confusion, disorientation, and difficulty thinking or remembering\n- **Major neurocognitive disorder (dementia)**—gradual and severe decrease in memory and thinking abilities, enough to interfere with daily activities\n- **Mild neurocognitive disorder**—a decrease in memory and thinking abilities greater than expected for one's age, but less severe than dementia\n## Neurodevelopmental Disorders\nNeurodevelopmental disorders have an onset in the developmental period, with the development of the central nervous system disturbed. This can produce impairments in personal, social, and academic functioning.\n\nTypes of neurodevelopmental disorders include:\n\n- Autism spectrum disorder\n- [Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/adhd-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-included-definition-symptoms-traits-causes-treatment-5084784)\n- Neurodevelopmental motor disorders\n- Specific learning disorders\n- Communication disorders\n- Intellectual disability\n## Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders\nObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder in which people have recurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas, or sensations (obsessions) that make them feel driven to do something repetitively (compulsions). These repetitive behaviors can significantly interfere with a person’s daily activities and social interactions. Not performing the behaviors commonly causes great distress.\n\nPeople with OCD have difficulty disengaging from the obsessive thoughts or stopping the compulsive actions. This disorder is estimated to affect 2% to 3% of U.S. adults.\n\nDisorders related to OCD include:\n\n- [**Hoarding disorder**](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/coping-with-obsessive-compulsive-behavior-97616)—collecting too many items, resulting in clutter that is distressing and interferes with daily life\n- **Body dysmorphic disorder** (body dysmorphia)—excessive worry over one's appearance\n- Body-focused repetitive behaviors like **excoriation** (skin-picking) disorder and **[trichotillomania](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/pulling-out-eyelashes-6504388)** (hair-pulling disorder)\n## Personality Disorders\nPeople with personality disorders have persistent patterns of perceiving, reacting, and relating that are maladaptive (poorly adjusted) and rigid, causing distress and functional impairments. The pattern of experience and behavior begins by the time of late adolescence or early adulthood.\n\nPeople with personality disorders may have trouble dealing with everyday stressors and problems, and they often have difficult relationships with other people.\n\nThere are 10 types of personality disorders:\n\n- **Antisocial personality disorder**—showing a pattern of manipulating others\n- **Avoidant personality disorder**—avoiding others because of feelings of inferiority and fear of rejection\n- **Borderline personality disorder**—difficulty managing emotions\n- **Dependent personality disorder**—excessive dependence on others\n- **Histrionic personality disorder**—excessive need for attention, along with dramatic behavior and strong emotions\n- **Narcissistic personality disorder**—feeling superior and lacking empathy\n- **Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder**—excessive need for control and order\n- **Paranoid personality disorder**—excessive fear and distrust of others\n- **Schizoid personality disorder**—strong preference for being alone\n- **Schizotypal personality disorder**—discomfort with relationships, along with odd behaviors and difficulties communicating\n## Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders\nPeople with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders lose touch with reality and experience a range of symptoms that may include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, and disorganized or abnormal behavior. Schizophrenia affects less than 1% of the U.S. population.\n\nOther psychotic disorders include:\n\n- **Brief psychotic disorder**—psychotic symptoms that last less than a month (but may recur)\n- **Delusional disorder**—experiencing delusional thoughts for at least a month\n- **Schizoaffective disorder**—psychotic symptoms along with severe mood and behavior swings (a combination of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder symptoms)\n- **Substance-induced psychotic disorder**—psychotic symptoms induced by drugs such as cocaine\n## Sleep-Wake Disorders\nSleep-wake disorders, also known as sleep disorders, involve problems with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment in functioning. They often occur along with medical conditions or other mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or cognitive disorders.\n\nThere are several types of sleep-wake disorders:\n\n- **Insomnia**—inability to fall or stay asleep\n- **Obstructive sleep apnea**—experiencing apneas (episodes of stopped breathing for at least 10 seconds) during sleep\n- **Parasomnias**—odd behaviors around and during sleep time, including walking or talking\n- **Narcolepsy**—experiencing extreme daytime sleepiness and other sleep-related symptoms\n- **Restless leg syndrome**—tingling in your legs or a need to move your legs\n## Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders\nThis category includes substance use disorders (often referred to as substance abuse). They occur when a person continues the use of alcohol or another drug or substance despite significant substance-related problems.\n\nPeople with substance abuse disorders have an intense focus on using certain substances to the point where their ability to function in day-to-day life may become impaired.\n\n## Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders\nThese disorders occur after exposure to a stressful or traumatic event, which can include exposure to physical or emotional violence or pain, abuse, neglect, or a catastrophic event. Trauma-related disorders are characterized by a variety of symptoms, including intrusion symptoms (flashbacks), avoidance, changes in mood such as anhedonia, dysphoria (dissatisfaction with life), [anger](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/intermittent-explosive-disorder-overview-and-more-5211713), aggression, and dissociation.\n\nTypes of trauma-related disorders include:\n\n- **Post-traumatic stress disorder**—a severe reaction to trauma that lasts for longer than a month\n- [**Acute stress disorder**](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-ptsd-5084527)—a severe reaction to trauma within the first month of the traumatic event\n- **Adjustment disorder**—severe mood and behavior symptoms such as nervousness, impulsivity, and sadness, following a stressful event\n- **Reactive attachment disorder**—difficulty connecting or being physically close with others, as well as experiencing positive emotions, due to childhood neglect or abuse\n- **Disinhibited social engagement disorder**—in children, wandering away from caregivers and excessive friendliness toward strangers\n## Diagnosis Mental Health Disorders\n### Mental Illness and Suicide\nIf you experience symptoms of a mental illness, try to see a healthcare provider or mental health professional as soon as you can. It is estimated that 46% of people who die by suicide have a diagnosed mental health condition and 90% of individuals who die by suicide have experienced symptoms of a mental health condition.\n\nThere are many treatment options for mental illnesses. A prompt diagnosis can lead to significant improvements in your quality of life.\n\nMany people develop a mental illness early on in life, with 50% of all lifetime mental illnesses beginning by age 14 and 75% by age 24.\n\nDoctors and other mental health professionals diagnose mental illness by using the criteria outlined in the DSM-5. Many conditions require all criteria to be met before a diagnosis can be made. Others, like borderline personality disorder, require only a set number of criteria from a larger list to be met.\n\nMany disorders are further classified by severity and specifications that can help doctors determine the appropriate course of treatment for an individual patient. For example, someone being diagnosed with OCD will also be categorized based on their level of insight as to whether their OCD-related beliefs are true and whether or not they present with a current or past history of a tic disorder.\n\nIt is common for people to have more than one mental illness at a time. By some estimates, about half of people with one mental illness have a comorbid (co-occurring) substance use disorder present at the same time or sequentially.\n\nAs such, the likelihood of a mental health and substance use disorder dual diagnosis is high. This may be due to common risk factors and the fact that having one condition predisposes a person to the other.\n\nOther common comorbidity examples include:\n\n- **Borderline personality disorder**: Major depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders\n- **Social anxiety disorder**:Other anxiety disorders, major depressive disorders, and alcohol use disorder\n- **Eating disorders**:Anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder\n\nPrimary care physicians and mental health professionals should work together because a diagnosis as defined by the DSM-5 requires exclusion of other possible causes, including physical causes and other mental disorders with similar features. For example, [paranoid delusions](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/paranoid-delusions-5095908) in older adults can be caused by Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, strokes, Alzheimer’s disease, and other forms of dementia.\n\n## Treatment Options\nDue to the wide variety of mental illnesses, many different health professionals may be involved in the treatment process, including:\n\n- Psychologists\n- Therapists\n- Social workers\n- [Psychiatrists](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/counseling-for-mental-health-5220424)\n- Primary care and other medical physicians\n- Pharmacists\n- Nurses\n\nTreatment may include one or more of the above professionals and one or more methods (e.g. psychotherapy combined with medication). Disorders that resist initial treatment may require further interventions.\n\n### Psychotherapy\nPsychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is used to treat and support a broad range of mental illnesses by helping a person build self-esteem; reduce anxiety, depression, and other symptoms; cope with their illness; and improve overall functioning and well-being.\n\nCommon types of psychotherapy include:\n\n- **[Cognitive behavioral therapy](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-insomnia-cbti-3015310) (CBT)**:Helps you identify and change maladaptive behaviors\n- **Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)**: Uses aspects of CBT along with other strategies, like[mindfulness](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/mindfulness-therapy-5212796), to help you regulate emotions, as well as teaches new skills to change unhealthy and disruptive behaviors\n- **Supportive therapy**: Helps you build self-esteem while reducing anxiety, strengthening coping mechanisms, and improving social functioning\n### Medication\nMedications may be used to reduce symptoms and restore functioning. They are often used in conjunction with psychotherapy.\n\nFour major types of psychotropic drugs include:\n\n- **Antidepressants** such as SSRIs, SNRIs, and bupropion are used to treat symptoms of depression, anxiety, pain, and insomnia.\n- **Anxiolytics** are anti-anxiety medications used in the acute (in-the-moment) treatment of anxiety-related symptoms ranging from panic attacks to feelings of agitation.\n- **Antipsychotics** are used to treat symptoms of psychosis, including delusions and hallucinations. Additionally, they may be used to treat certain mood and other psychiatric disorders.\n- **Mood stabilizers** such as [lithium](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-lithium-5086884) can be used to treat bipolar disorder and mood swings associated with other disorders. They can also help with certain depressive disorders.\n### Procedures\nNeurotherapeutic procedures like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation are used in cases of treatment-resistant and severe depression.\n\nDuring ECT, electrodes are placed on the head to deliver a small amount of electrical stimulation to the brain to induce brief seizures while the patient is under anesthesia. For transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnets are used to stimulate areas of the brain associated with mood regulation.\n\nKetamine infusion or nasal spray therapy offers another option for people with treatment-resistant major depression. It may work rapidly and help reduce suicide ideation.\n\n### Lifestyle\nLifestyle changes help promote overall well-being. You may benefit from:\n\n- Exercising for at least 20 minutes a day\n- Practicing mindfulness in meditation or yoga\n- Avoiding smoking\n- Avoiding substance use (including alcohol)\n- Eating a well-rounded diet that limits fats and refined sugars\n- Having a support system\n- Maintaining a regular seven- to nine-hour sleep routine\n- Practicing positive thinking\n\nIf you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial **988** to contact the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/) and connect with a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call **911**.\n\nRead more:\n\n- [Health A-Z](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/health-a-z-4014770)\n- [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/mental-health-5079153)\n\n41 Sources\n\nVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our [editorial process](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/verywell-editorial-process-4777042) to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.\n\n1. National Alliance on Mental Illness. [Anxiety disorders](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Mental-Health-Conditions\/Anxiety-Disorders).\n2. American Psychiatric Association. [What are anxiety disorders?](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/anxiety-disorders\/what-are-anxiety-disorders)\n3. National Institute of Mental Health. [Anxiety disorders.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/anxiety-disorders)\n4. National Alliance on Mental Illness. [Bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Mental-Health-Conditions\/Bipolar-Disorder).\n5. National Institute of Mental Health. [Bipolar disorder.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/bipolar-disorder)\n6. National Institute of Mental Health. [Depression.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/depression)\n7. National Institute of Mental Health. [Perinatal depression.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/perinatal-depression)\n8. National Institute of Mental Health. [Seasonal affective disorder.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/seasonal-affective-disorder)\n9. Office on Women's Health. [Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).](https:\/\/www.womenshealth.gov\/menstrual-cycle\/premenstrual-syndrome\/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd)\n10. American Psychiatric Association. [What are dissociative disorders?](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/dissociative-disorders\/what-are-dissociative-disorders)\n11. StatPearls. [Dissociative identity disorder.](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK568768\/)\n12. Clouden TA. [Dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue in a 20-year-old woman with schizoaffective disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759%2Fcureus.8289) *Cureus*. 2020;12(5):e8289. doi:10.7759\/cureus.8289\n13. Murphy RJ. [Depersonalization\/derealization disorder and neural correlates of trauma-related pathology: a critical review.](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10132272\/) *Innov Clin Neurosci*. 2023;20(1-3):53-59.\n14. American Psychiatric Association. [What are eating disorders?](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/eating-disorders\/what-are-eating-disorders)\n15. National Institute of Mental Health. [Eating disorders.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/eating-disorders)\n16. MedlinePlus. [Delirium.](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/delirium.html)\n17. StatPearls. [Major neurocognitive disorder (dementia).](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557444\/)\n18. Stokin GB, Krell-Roesch J, Petersen RC, Geda YE. [Mild neurocognitive disorder: an old wine in a new bottle.](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097%2FHRP.0000000000000084) *Harv Rev Psychiatry*. 2015;23(5):368-376. doi:10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000084\n19. American Psychiatric Association. [What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/ocd\/what-is-obsessive-compulsive-disorder)\n20. National Health Service. [Hoarding disorder.](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/hoarding-disorder\/)\n21. National Health Service. [Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/body-dysmorphia\/)\n22. MedlinePlus. [Personality disorders.](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/personalitydisorders.html)\n23. American Psychiatric Association. [What is schizophrenia?](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/schizophrenia\/what-is-schizophrenia)\n24. StatPearls. [Brief psychotic disorder.](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK539912\/)\n25. StatPearls. [Delusional disorder.](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK539855\/)\n26. MedlinePlus. [Schizoaffective disorder.](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/genetics\/condition\/schizoaffective-disorder\/)\n27. American Psychiatric Association. [What are sleep disorders?](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/sleep-disorders\/what-are-sleep-disorders)\n28. MedlinePlus. [Sleep disorders.](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/sleepdisorders.html)\n29. National Institute of Mental Health. [Post-traumatic stress disorder.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd)\n30. Department of Veterans Affairs. [Acute stress disorder (ASD).](https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/understand\/related\/acute_stress.asp)\n31. MedlinePlus. [Adjustment disorder.](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ency\/article\/000932.htm)\n32. StatPearls. [Reactive attachment disorder.](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK537155\/)\n33. Guyon-Harris KL, Humphreys KL, Miron D, et al. [Disinhibited social engagement disorder in early childhood predicts reduced competence in early adolescence.](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs10802-019-00547-0) *J Abnorm Child Psychol*. 2019;47(10):1735-1745. doi:10.1007\/s10802-019-00547-0\n34. National Alliance on Mental Illness. [Mental health by the numbers](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/mhstats).\n35. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. [Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health \\[Internet\\]](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519704\/table\/ch3.t13\/). Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); Table 3.13, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Comparison.\n36. National Institute on Drug Abuse. [Comorbidity: substance use disorders and other mental illnesses](https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/drugfacts\/comorbidity-substance-use-disorders-other-mental-illnesses).\n37. National Institute of Mental Health. [Borderline personality disorder](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/borderline-personality-disorder\/index.shtml).\n38. Koyuncu A, İnce E, Ertekin E, Tükel R. [Comorbidity in social anxiety disorder: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7573\/dic.212573). *Drugs Context*. 2019 Apr 2;8:212573. doi:10.7573\/dic.212573\n39. National Eating Disorder Association. [Co-occurring conditions & special issues](https:\/\/www.nationaleatingdisorders.org\/co-occurring-disorders-and-special-issues).\n40. National Institute on Mental Health. [Mental health medications](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/mental-health-medications\/index.shtml).\n41. Harvard Health Publishing. [Ketamine for major depression: new tool, new questions](https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/blog\/ketamine-for-major-depression-new-tool-new-questions-2019052216673).\n\n![Woman in green blouse smiling with glasses.]()\n\n![Woman in green blouse smiling with glasses.](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/HUmlj-UkHrgnoL31dA12Qdnvs78=\/144x144\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/ProfilePicPugle-bc0d33cfdbbc46e08595e6ff62d19ffd.jpg)\n\nBy [Michelle Pugle](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/michelle-pugle-5084346)   \n Michelle Pugle writes health articles for award-winning websites, as seen in Healthline, Verywell, Everyday Health, and Psych Central. She has a Master's degree, undergraduate degrees in English and Sociology, a diploma in Holistic Herbal Therapy, and is trained in mental health first aid, anti-violence work, and peer support work.\n\n[See Our Editorial Process](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/verywell-editorial-process-4777042)\n\n[Meet Our Medical Expert Board](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/meet-our-medical-expert-board-11762003)\n\nShare Feedback\n\nWas this page helpful?\n\nThanks for your feedback\\!\n\nWhat is your feedback?\n\nHelpful\n\nReport an Error\n\nOther\n\nRelated Articles\n\n[![Social Anhedonia]() ![Social Anhedonia](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/q7YBfDMXTR16f1qIGR-Y2tVphis=\/400x250\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/anhedonia-definition-5189496-notext-642770429f6f4be29f8aebef17c7992f.png) Anhedonia Causes and Treatment](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/anhedonia-definition-5189496)\n\n[![Child with pica eats dirt or nonfood items]() ![Child with pica eats dirt or nonfood items](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/gIyicnBTDXkMxe7pP-YmOsA1qmA=\/400x250\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/GettyImages-6410-001197-7370838c0f9545cd802d44a5c4324513.jpg) Pica: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/pica-5083875)\n\n[![Cropped shot of a woman sitting on a sofa and feeling anxious]() ![Cropped shot of a woman sitting on a sofa and feeling anxious](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/lNodDzyRYJ5zQ5JkTVnrAdQfRkM=\/400x250\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/GettyImages-1271548786-322232369e3747f8a724a3af7704b6fe.jpg) What Is Severe Anxiety?](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/severe-anxiety-5200310)\n\n[![Anxious mixed race woman paying bills on laptop - stock photo]() ![Anxious mixed race woman paying bills on laptop - stock photo](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thmb\/Rjj0sYkzPb8JsL4V-YiQCf8cH8s=\/400x250\/filters:no_upscale\\(\\):max_bytes\\(150000\\):strip_icc\\(\\)\/GettyImages-565975341-ef975b4a8cd4458a9cbf3c2c87ccbcfa.jpg) General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) and Your Body’s Response to Stress](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/general-adaptation-syndrome-overview-5198270)\n\n[![A male doctor discusses a prescription medication with a female patient. 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Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.\n\nⒸ 2026 People Inc. — All rights reserved\n\nVerywell Health is part of the [People Inc.](https:\/\/www.people.inc\/) publishing family.","attrs_readable_markdown":"### Key Takeaways\n- Mental disorders include conditions that affect mood, thought patterns, and behavior.\n- Common mental health conditions include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and more.\n- If you have mental health concerns, it's important to reach out to a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.\n\nMental illness affects how people think, feel, and act—impacting millions each year. Knowing the most common disorders, such as anxiety, bipolar, and depressive disorders, can help guide those affected toward effective diagnosis and treatment.\n\nTheresa Chiechi \/ Verywell\n\n## Anxiety Disorders\nAnxiety disorders are the most common mental health concern in the U.S., affecting 19.1% of people. Individuals with these disorders experience excessive fear, anxiety, and related behaviors. Anxiety symptoms can worsen over time, impacting daily life. People with anxiety may avoid situations or triggers that make symptoms worse.\n\nAnxiety disorders are a group of related conditions, each having unique symptoms. Types of anxiety disorders include:\n\n- **Generalized anxiety disorder**—frequent and persistent anxiety that may last for months or even years\n- **Panic disorder**—experiencing panic attacks regularly (from a few times a day to a few times a year)\n- [**Social anxiety disorder**](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/how-social-anxiety-disorder-is-treated-5113725)—severe fear of social judgment that may cause avoidance of social situations\n- **Specific phobia**—a severe fear of a particular object or situation (e.g., spiders, heights, or flying)\n## Bipolar and Related Disorders\nBipolar disorder causes dramatic shifts in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to think clearly. People with this disorder experience extremely high and low moods, known as mania and depression. They may have distinct manic or depressed states, or they may have long periods without symptoms.\n\nA person with bipolar disorder can also experience mixed manic and depressive symptoms. Bipolar disorder affects 2.8% of the U.S. population, and 83% of cases are classified as severe.\n\nBipolar disorders can be categorized into three types, including:\n\n- **Bipolar I disorder**—featuring severe episodes of mania that may require hospitalization and typically depressive episodes as well\n- **Bipolar II disorder**—a pattern featuring episodes of hypomania (less severe than mania) and episodes of depression\n- **Cyclothymic disorder** or cyclothymia—a pattern of depressive and hypomanic symptoms that aren't severe or long enough to qualify for a bipolar II disorder diagnosis\n## Depressive Disorders\nPeople with depressive disorders, commonly referred to as simply depression, experience a sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by physical and cognitive changes that are severe or persistent enough to interfere with daily functioning. Some will only experience one depressive episode in their lifetime, but for most, depressive disorder recurs. Without treatment, episodes may last a few months to several years.\n\nThose with depression lose interest or pleasure in activities and experience excessive fatigue, appetite changes, sleep disturbances, indecision, and poor concentration. Suicidal thinking or behavior can also occur.\n\nThere are many types of depressive disorders, including:\n\n- **Major depressive disorder**: Severe depressive symptoms that last for at least two weeks\n- **Prenatal depression** (during pregnancy) and **postpartum depression** (after childbirth): Together known as perinatal depression\n- **Persistent depressive disorder** (also known as dysthymia): Depressive symptoms less severe than in major depressive disorder, but may last longer (at least two years)\n- **Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)**: Depression recurring for a few months every year around the change of seasons (typically in winter)\n- **Major depressive disorder with symptoms of psychosis**: Severe depression that comes with delusions and hallucinations\n- **Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)**: Severe depression recurring one to two weeks before the start of the menstrual period\n## Dissociative Disorders\nDissociation refers to a disconnection between a person’s thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of who they are. Symptoms of dissociative disorders can potentially affect every area of mental functioning. Dissociative disorders involve disruptions in memory, identity, emotion, perception, behavior, and sense of self.\n\nExamples of dissociative symptoms include the experience of detachment or feeling outside of your body, as well as loss of memory or amnesia. Dissociative disorders are frequently associated with previous experiences of trauma. It is believed that dissociation helps a person tolerate what might otherwise be too difficult to bear.\n\nThere are three types of dissociative disorders:\n\n- **Dissociative identity disorder**—experiencing multiple independent identities in the same body, each with its own behaviors and memories\n- **Dissociative amnesia**—having large gaps in personal memories, often related to stressful or traumatic experiences\n- **Depersonalization\/derealization disorder**—persistently feeling removed from personal self and the environment\n## Feeding and Eating Disorders\nPeople with feeding and eating disorders experience severe disturbances in their eating behaviors and related thoughts and emotions. They may become so preoccupied with food and weight issues that they find it harder and harder to focus on other aspects of their life.\n\nOver time, these behaviors can significantly impair physical health and psychosocial functioning. Eating disorders affect several million people at any given time, most often women between the ages of 12 and 35.\n\nThere are three main types of eating disorders:\n\n- **Anorexia nervosa**—consistently restricting or avoiding food to lose weight, regardless of body weight\n- **Bulimia nervosa**—episodes of eating a lot of food followed by attempts to remove the food through behaviors like vomiting, fasting, or using laxatives\n- **Binge-eating disorder**—episodes of eating a lot of food, but without trying to remove the food\n## Gender Dysphoria\n[Gender dysphoria](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/understanding-gender-dysphoria-4587339) refers to psychological distress that results from a difference between one’s sex assigned at birth and one’s [gender identity](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/gender-stereotypes-5323771). It often begins in childhood, but some people may not experience it until after puberty or much later.\n\nTransgender people are individuals whose sex assigned at birth does not match their gender identity. Some transgender people experience gender dysphoria, and they may or may not change the way they dress or look to align with their felt gender.\n\n## Neurocognitive Disorders\nNeurocognitive disorders lead to a decline in cognitive function from a previously obtained level. People with this condition may experience noticeable memory loss, difficulty communicating, significant problems handling daily tasks, confusion, and personality changes.\n\nNeurocognitive disorders can be caused by a wide range of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular disease, traumatic brain injury, HIV infection, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease.\n\nTypes of neurocognitive disorders include:\n\n- [**Delirium**](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/delirium-5223127)—typically a temporary and treatable state of confusion, disorientation, and difficulty thinking or remembering\n- **Major neurocognitive disorder (dementia)**—gradual and severe decrease in memory and thinking abilities, enough to interfere with daily activities\n- **Mild neurocognitive disorder**—a decrease in memory and thinking abilities greater than expected for one's age, but less severe than dementia\n## Neurodevelopmental Disorders\nNeurodevelopmental disorders have an onset in the developmental period, with the development of the central nervous system disturbed. This can produce impairments in personal, social, and academic functioning.\n\nTypes of neurodevelopmental disorders include:\n\n- Autism spectrum disorder\n- [Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/adhd-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-included-definition-symptoms-traits-causes-treatment-5084784)\n- Neurodevelopmental motor disorders\n- Specific learning disorders\n- Communication disorders\n- Intellectual disability\n## Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders\nObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder in which people have recurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas, or sensations (obsessions) that make them feel driven to do something repetitively (compulsions). These repetitive behaviors can significantly interfere with a person’s daily activities and social interactions. Not performing the behaviors commonly causes great distress.\n\nPeople with OCD have difficulty disengaging from the obsessive thoughts or stopping the compulsive actions. This disorder is estimated to affect 2% to 3% of U.S. adults.\n\nDisorders related to OCD include:\n\n- [**Hoarding disorder**](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/coping-with-obsessive-compulsive-behavior-97616)—collecting too many items, resulting in clutter that is distressing and interferes with daily life\n- **Body dysmorphic disorder** (body dysmorphia)—excessive worry over one's appearance\n- Body-focused repetitive behaviors like **excoriation** (skin-picking) disorder and **[trichotillomania](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/pulling-out-eyelashes-6504388)** (hair-pulling disorder)\n## Personality Disorders\nPeople with personality disorders have persistent patterns of perceiving, reacting, and relating that are maladaptive (poorly adjusted) and rigid, causing distress and functional impairments. The pattern of experience and behavior begins by the time of late adolescence or early adulthood.\n\nPeople with personality disorders may have trouble dealing with everyday stressors and problems, and they often have difficult relationships with other people.\n\nThere are 10 types of personality disorders:\n\n- **Antisocial personality disorder**—showing a pattern of manipulating others\n- **Avoidant personality disorder**—avoiding others because of feelings of inferiority and fear of rejection\n- **Borderline personality disorder**—difficulty managing emotions\n- **Dependent personality disorder**—excessive dependence on others\n- **Histrionic personality disorder**—excessive need for attention, along with dramatic behavior and strong emotions\n- **Narcissistic personality disorder**—feeling superior and lacking empathy\n- **Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder**—excessive need for control and order\n- **Paranoid personality disorder**—excessive fear and distrust of others\n- **Schizoid personality disorder**—strong preference for being alone\n- **Schizotypal personality disorder**—discomfort with relationships, along with odd behaviors and difficulties communicating\n## Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders\nPeople with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders lose touch with reality and experience a range of symptoms that may include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, and disorganized or abnormal behavior. Schizophrenia affects less than 1% of the U.S. population.\n\nOther psychotic disorders include:\n\n- **Brief psychotic disorder**—psychotic symptoms that last less than a month (but may recur)\n- **Delusional disorder**—experiencing delusional thoughts for at least a month\n- **Schizoaffective disorder**—psychotic symptoms along with severe mood and behavior swings (a combination of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder symptoms)\n- **Substance-induced psychotic disorder**—psychotic symptoms induced by drugs such as cocaine\n## Sleep-Wake Disorders\nSleep-wake disorders, also known as sleep disorders, involve problems with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment in functioning. They often occur along with medical conditions or other mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or cognitive disorders.\n\nThere are several types of sleep-wake disorders:\n\n- **Insomnia**—inability to fall or stay asleep\n- **Obstructive sleep apnea**—experiencing apneas (episodes of stopped breathing for at least 10 seconds) during sleep\n- **Parasomnias**—odd behaviors around and during sleep time, including walking or talking\n- **Narcolepsy**—experiencing extreme daytime sleepiness and other sleep-related symptoms\n- **Restless leg syndrome**—tingling in your legs or a need to move your legs\n## Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders\nThis category includes substance use disorders (often referred to as substance abuse). They occur when a person continues the use of alcohol or another drug or substance despite significant substance-related problems.\n\nPeople with substance abuse disorders have an intense focus on using certain substances to the point where their ability to function in day-to-day life may become impaired.\n\n## Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders\nThese disorders occur after exposure to a stressful or traumatic event, which can include exposure to physical or emotional violence or pain, abuse, neglect, or a catastrophic event. Trauma-related disorders are characterized by a variety of symptoms, including intrusion symptoms (flashbacks), avoidance, changes in mood such as anhedonia, dysphoria (dissatisfaction with life), [anger](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/intermittent-explosive-disorder-overview-and-more-5211713), aggression, and dissociation.\n\nTypes of trauma-related disorders include:\n\n- **Post-traumatic stress disorder**—a severe reaction to trauma that lasts for longer than a month\n- [**Acute stress disorder**](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-ptsd-5084527)—a severe reaction to trauma within the first month of the traumatic event\n- **Adjustment disorder**—severe mood and behavior symptoms such as nervousness, impulsivity, and sadness, following a stressful event\n- **Reactive attachment disorder**—difficulty connecting or being physically close with others, as well as experiencing positive emotions, due to childhood neglect or abuse\n- **Disinhibited social engagement disorder**—in children, wandering away from caregivers and excessive friendliness toward strangers\n## Diagnosis Mental Health Disorders\n### Mental Illness and Suicide\nIf you experience symptoms of a mental illness, try to see a healthcare provider or mental health professional as soon as you can. It is estimated that 46% of people who die by suicide have a diagnosed mental health condition and 90% of individuals who die by suicide have experienced symptoms of a mental health condition.\n\nThere are many treatment options for mental illnesses. A prompt diagnosis can lead to significant improvements in your quality of life.\n\nMany people develop a mental illness early on in life, with 50% of all lifetime mental illnesses beginning by age 14 and 75% by age 24.\n\nDoctors and other mental health professionals diagnose mental illness by using the criteria outlined in the DSM-5. Many conditions require all criteria to be met before a diagnosis can be made. Others, like borderline personality disorder, require only a set number of criteria from a larger list to be met.\n\nMany disorders are further classified by severity and specifications that can help doctors determine the appropriate course of treatment for an individual patient. For example, someone being diagnosed with OCD will also be categorized based on their level of insight as to whether their OCD-related beliefs are true and whether or not they present with a current or past history of a tic disorder.\n\nIt is common for people to have more than one mental illness at a time. By some estimates, about half of people with one mental illness have a comorbid (co-occurring) substance use disorder present at the same time or sequentially.\n\nAs such, the likelihood of a mental health and substance use disorder dual diagnosis is high. This may be due to common risk factors and the fact that having one condition predisposes a person to the other.\n\nOther common comorbidity examples include:\n\n- **Borderline personality disorder**: Major depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders\n- **Social anxiety disorder**:Other anxiety disorders, major depressive disorders, and alcohol use disorder\n- **Eating disorders**:Anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder\n\nPrimary care physicians and mental health professionals should work together because a diagnosis as defined by the DSM-5 requires exclusion of other possible causes, including physical causes and other mental disorders with similar features. For example, [paranoid delusions](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/paranoid-delusions-5095908) in older adults can be caused by Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, strokes, Alzheimer’s disease, and other forms of dementia.\n\n## Treatment Options\nDue to the wide variety of mental illnesses, many different health professionals may be involved in the treatment process, including:\n\n- Psychologists\n- Therapists\n- Social workers\n- [Psychiatrists](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/counseling-for-mental-health-5220424)\n- Primary care and other medical physicians\n- Pharmacists\n- Nurses\n\nTreatment may include one or more of the above professionals and one or more methods (e.g. psychotherapy combined with medication). Disorders that resist initial treatment may require further interventions.\n\n### Psychotherapy\nPsychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is used to treat and support a broad range of mental illnesses by helping a person build self-esteem; reduce anxiety, depression, and other symptoms; cope with their illness; and improve overall functioning and well-being.\n\nCommon types of psychotherapy include:\n\n- **[Cognitive behavioral therapy](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-insomnia-cbti-3015310) (CBT)**:Helps you identify and change maladaptive behaviors\n- **Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)**: Uses aspects of CBT along with other strategies, like[mindfulness](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/mindfulness-therapy-5212796), to help you regulate emotions, as well as teaches new skills to change unhealthy and disruptive behaviors\n- **Supportive therapy**: Helps you build self-esteem while reducing anxiety, strengthening coping mechanisms, and improving social functioning\n### Medication\nMedications may be used to reduce symptoms and restore functioning. They are often used in conjunction with psychotherapy.\n\nFour major types of psychotropic drugs include:\n\n- **Antidepressants** such as SSRIs, SNRIs, and bupropion are used to treat symptoms of depression, anxiety, pain, and insomnia.\n- **Anxiolytics** are anti-anxiety medications used in the acute (in-the-moment) treatment of anxiety-related symptoms ranging from panic attacks to feelings of agitation.\n- **Antipsychotics** are used to treat symptoms of psychosis, including delusions and hallucinations. Additionally, they may be used to treat certain mood and other psychiatric disorders.\n- **Mood stabilizers** such as [lithium](https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-lithium-5086884) can be used to treat bipolar disorder and mood swings associated with other disorders. They can also help with certain depressive disorders.\n### Procedures\nNeurotherapeutic procedures like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation are used in cases of treatment-resistant and severe depression.\n\nDuring ECT, electrodes are placed on the head to deliver a small amount of electrical stimulation to the brain to induce brief seizures while the patient is under anesthesia. For transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnets are used to stimulate areas of the brain associated with mood regulation.\n\nKetamine infusion or nasal spray therapy offers another option for people with treatment-resistant major depression. It may work rapidly and help reduce suicide ideation.\n\n### Lifestyle\nLifestyle changes help promote overall well-being. You may benefit from:\n\n- Exercising for at least 20 minutes a day\n- Practicing mindfulness in meditation or yoga\n- Avoiding smoking\n- Avoiding substance use (including alcohol)\n- Eating a well-rounded diet that limits fats and refined sugars\n- Having a support system\n- Maintaining a regular seven- to nine-hour sleep routine\n- Practicing positive thinking\n\nIf you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial **988** to contact the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/) and connect with a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call **911**.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Common Types of Mental Illness and Their Symptoms
Meta Description	Explore various mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. Learn their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Boilerpipe Text	Key Takeaways Mental disorders include conditions that affect mood, thought patterns, and behavior. Common mental health conditions include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and more. If you have mental health concerns, it's important to reach out to a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Mental illness affects how people think, feel, and act—impacting millions each year. Knowing the most common disorders, such as anxiety, bipolar, and depressive disorders, can help guide those affected toward effective diagnosis and treatment. Theresa Chiechi / Verywell Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health concern in the U.S., affecting 19.1% of people. Individuals with these disorders experience excessive fear, anxiety, and related behaviors. Anxiety symptoms can worsen over time, impacting daily life. People with anxiety may avoid situations or triggers that make symptoms worse. Anxiety disorders are a group of related conditions, each having unique symptoms. Types of anxiety disorders include: Generalized anxiety disorder —frequent and persistent anxiety that may last for months or even years Panic disorder —experiencing panic attacks regularly (from a few times a day to a few times a year) Social anxiety disorder —severe fear of social judgment that may cause avoidance of social situations Specific phobia —a severe fear of a particular object or situation (e.g., spiders, heights, or flying) Bipolar and Related Disorders Bipolar disorder causes dramatic shifts in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to think clearly. People with this disorder experience extremely high and low moods, known as mania and depression. They may have distinct manic or depressed states, or they may have long periods without symptoms. A person with bipolar disorder can also experience mixed manic and depressive symptoms. Bipolar disorder affects 2.8% of the U.S. population, and 83% of cases are classified as severe. Bipolar disorders can be categorized into three types, including: Bipolar I disorder —featuring severe episodes of mania that may require hospitalization and typically depressive episodes as well Bipolar II disorder —a pattern featuring episodes of hypomania (less severe than mania) and episodes of depression Cyclothymic disorder or cyclothymia—a pattern of depressive and hypomanic symptoms that aren't severe or long enough to qualify for a bipolar II disorder diagnosis Depressive Disorders People with depressive disorders, commonly referred to as simply depression, experience a sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by physical and cognitive changes that are severe or persistent enough to interfere with daily functioning. Some will only experience one depressive episode in their lifetime, but for most, depressive disorder recurs. Without treatment, episodes may last a few months to several years. Those with depression lose interest or pleasure in activities and experience excessive fatigue, appetite changes, sleep disturbances, indecision, and poor concentration. Suicidal thinking or behavior can also occur. There are many types of depressive disorders, including: Major depressive disorder : Severe depressive symptoms that last for at least two weeks Prenatal depression (during pregnancy) and postpartum depression (after childbirth): Together known as perinatal depression Persistent depressive disorder (also known as dysthymia ): Depressive symptoms less severe than in major depressive disorder, but may last longer (at least two years) Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) : Depression recurring for a few months every year around the change of seasons (typically in winter) Major depressive disorder with symptoms of psychosis : Severe depression that comes with delusions and hallucinations Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) : Severe depression recurring one to two weeks before the start of the menstrual period Dissociative Disorders Dissociation refers to a disconnection between a person’s thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of who they are. Symptoms of dissociative disorders can potentially affect every area of mental functioning. Dissociative disorders involve disruptions in memory, identity, emotion, perception, behavior, and sense of self. Examples of dissociative symptoms include the experience of detachment or feeling outside of your body, as well as loss of memory or amnesia. Dissociative disorders are frequently associated with previous experiences of trauma. It is believed that dissociation helps a person tolerate what might otherwise be too difficult to bear. There are three types of dissociative disorders: Dissociative identity disorder —experiencing multiple independent identities in the same body, each with its own behaviors and memories Dissociative amnesia —having large gaps in personal memories, often related to stressful or traumatic experiences Depersonalization/derealization disorder —persistently feeling removed from personal self and the environment Feeding and Eating Disorders People with feeding and eating disorders experience severe disturbances in their eating behaviors and related thoughts and emotions. They may become so preoccupied with food and weight issues that they find it harder and harder to focus on other aspects of their life. Over time, these behaviors can significantly impair physical health and psychosocial functioning. Eating disorders affect several million people at any given time, most often women between the ages of 12 and 35. There are three main types of eating disorders: Anorexia nervosa —consistently restricting or avoiding food to lose weight, regardless of body weight Bulimia nervosa —episodes of eating a lot of food followed by attempts to remove the food through behaviors like vomiting, fasting, or using laxatives Binge-eating disorder —episodes of eating a lot of food, but without trying to remove the food Gender Dysphoria Gender dysphoria refers to psychological distress that results from a difference between one’s sex assigned at birth and one’s gender identity . It often begins in childhood, but some people may not experience it until after puberty or much later. Transgender people are individuals whose sex assigned at birth does not match their gender identity. Some transgender people experience gender dysphoria, and they may or may not change the way they dress or look to align with their felt gender. Neurocognitive Disorders Neurocognitive disorders lead to a decline in cognitive function from a previously obtained level. People with this condition may experience noticeable memory loss, difficulty communicating, significant problems handling daily tasks, confusion, and personality changes. Neurocognitive disorders can be caused by a wide range of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular disease, traumatic brain injury, HIV infection, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. Types of neurocognitive disorders include: Delirium —typically a temporary and treatable state of confusion, disorientation, and difficulty thinking or remembering Major neurocognitive disorder (dementia) —gradual and severe decrease in memory and thinking abilities, enough to interfere with daily activities Mild neurocognitive disorder —a decrease in memory and thinking abilities greater than expected for one's age, but less severe than dementia Neurodevelopmental Disorders Neurodevelopmental disorders have an onset in the developmental period, with the development of the central nervous system disturbed. This can produce impairments in personal, social, and academic functioning. Types of neurodevelopmental disorders include: Autism spectrum disorder Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Neurodevelopmental motor disorders Specific learning disorders Communication disorders Intellectual disability Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder in which people have recurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas, or sensations (obsessions) that make them feel driven to do something repetitively (compulsions). These repetitive behaviors can significantly interfere with a person’s daily activities and social interactions. Not performing the behaviors commonly causes great distress. People with OCD have difficulty disengaging from the obsessive thoughts or stopping the compulsive actions. This disorder is estimated to affect 2% to 3% of U.S. adults. Disorders related to OCD include: Hoarding disorder —collecting too many items, resulting in clutter that is distressing and interferes with daily life Body dysmorphic disorder (body dysmorphia) —excessive worry over one's appearance Body-focused repetitive behaviors like excoriation (skin-picking) disorder and trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) Personality Disorders People with personality disorders have persistent patterns of perceiving, reacting, and relating that are maladaptive (poorly adjusted) and rigid, causing distress and functional impairments. The pattern of experience and behavior begins by the time of late adolescence or early adulthood. People with personality disorders may have trouble dealing with everyday stressors and problems, and they often have difficult relationships with other people. There are 10 types of personality disorders: Antisocial personality disorder —showing a pattern of manipulating others Avoidant personality disorder —avoiding others because of feelings of inferiority and fear of rejection Borderline personality disorder —difficulty managing emotions Dependent personality disorder —excessive dependence on others Histrionic personality disorder —excessive need for attention, along with dramatic behavior and strong emotions Narcissistic personality disorder —feeling superior and lacking empathy Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder —excessive need for control and order Paranoid personality disorder —excessive fear and distrust of others Schizoid personality disorder —strong preference for being alone Schizotypal personality disorder —discomfort with relationships, along with odd behaviors and difficulties communicating Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders People with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders lose touch with reality and experience a range of symptoms that may include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, and disorganized or abnormal behavior. Schizophrenia affects less than 1% of the U.S. population. Other psychotic disorders include: Brief psychotic disorder —psychotic symptoms that last less than a month (but may recur) Delusional disorder —experiencing delusional thoughts for at least a month Schizoaffective disorder —psychotic symptoms along with severe mood and behavior swings (a combination of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder symptoms) Substance-induced psychotic disorder —psychotic symptoms induced by drugs such as cocaine Sleep-Wake Disorders Sleep-wake disorders, also known as sleep disorders, involve problems with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment in functioning. They often occur along with medical conditions or other mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or cognitive disorders. There are several types of sleep-wake disorders: Insomnia —inability to fall or stay asleep Obstructive sleep apnea —experiencing apneas (episodes of stopped breathing for at least 10 seconds) during sleep Parasomnias —odd behaviors around and during sleep time, including walking or talking Narcolepsy —experiencing extreme daytime sleepiness and other sleep-related symptoms Restless leg syndrome —tingling in your legs or a need to move your legs Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders This category includes substance use disorders (often referred to as substance abuse). They occur when a person continues the use of alcohol or another drug or substance despite significant substance-related problems. People with substance abuse disorders have an intense focus on using certain substances to the point where their ability to function in day-to-day life may become impaired. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders These disorders occur after exposure to a stressful or traumatic event, which can include exposure to physical or emotional violence or pain, abuse, neglect, or a catastrophic event. Trauma-related disorders are characterized by a variety of symptoms, including intrusion symptoms (flashbacks), avoidance, changes in mood such as anhedonia , dysphoria (dissatisfaction with life), anger , aggression, and dissociation. Types of trauma-related disorders include: Post-traumatic stress disorder —a severe reaction to trauma that lasts for longer than a month Acute stress disorder —a severe reaction to trauma within the first month of the traumatic event Adjustment disorder —severe mood and behavior symptoms such as nervousness, impulsivity, and sadness, following a stressful event Reactive attachment disorder —difficulty connecting or being physically close with others, as well as experiencing positive emotions, due to childhood neglect or abuse Disinhibited social engagement disorder —in children, wandering away from caregivers and excessive friendliness toward strangers Diagnosis Mental Health Disorders Mental Illness and Suicide If you experience symptoms of a mental illness, try to see a healthcare provider or mental health professional as soon as you can. It is estimated that 46% of people who die by suicide have a diagnosed mental health condition and 90% of individuals who die by suicide have experienced symptoms of a mental health condition. There are many treatment options for mental illnesses. A prompt diagnosis can lead to significant improvements in your quality of life. Many people develop a mental illness early on in life, with 50% of all lifetime mental illnesses beginning by age 14 and 75% by age 24. Doctors and other mental health professionals diagnose mental illness by using the criteria outlined in the DSM-5. Many conditions require all criteria to be met before a diagnosis can be made. Others, like borderline personality disorder, require only a set number of criteria from a larger list to be met. Many disorders are further classified by severity and specifications that can help doctors determine the appropriate course of treatment for an individual patient. For example, someone being diagnosed with OCD will also be categorized based on their level of insight as to whether their OCD-related beliefs are true and whether or not they present with a current or past history of a tic disorder. It is common for people to have more than one mental illness at a time. By some estimates, about half of people with one mental illness have a comorbid (co-occurring) substance use disorder present at the same time or sequentially. As such, the likelihood of a mental health and substance use disorder dual diagnosis is high. This may be due to common risk factors and the fact that having one condition predisposes a person to the other. Other common comorbidity examples include: Borderline personality disorder : Major depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders Social anxiety disorder : Other anxiety disorders, major depressive disorders, and alcohol use disorder Eating disorders : Anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder Primary care physicians and mental health professionals should work together because a diagnosis as defined by the DSM-5 requires exclusion of other possible causes, including physical causes and other mental disorders with similar features. For example, paranoid delusions in older adults can be caused by Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, strokes, Alzheimer’s disease, and other forms of dementia. Treatment Options Due to the wide variety of mental illnesses, many different health professionals may be involved in the treatment process, including: Psychologists Therapists Social workers Psychiatrists Primary care and other medical physicians Pharmacists Nurses Treatment may include one or more of the above professionals and one or more methods (e.g. psychotherapy combined with medication). Disorders that resist initial treatment may require further interventions. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is used to treat and support a broad range of mental illnesses by helping a person build self-esteem; reduce anxiety, depression, and other symptoms; cope with their illness; and improve overall functioning and well-being. Common types of psychotherapy include: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) : Helps you identify and change maladaptive behaviors Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) : Uses aspects of CBT along with other strategies, like mindfulness , to help you regulate emotions, as well as teaches new skills to change unhealthy and disruptive behaviors Supportive therapy : Helps you build self-esteem while reducing anxiety, strengthening coping mechanisms, and improving social functioning Medication Medications may be used to reduce symptoms and restore functioning. They are often used in conjunction with psychotherapy. Four major types of psychotropic drugs include: Antidepressants such as SSRIs, SNRIs, and bupropion are used to treat symptoms of depression, anxiety, pain, and insomnia. Anxiolytics are anti-anxiety medications used in the acute (in-the-moment) treatment of anxiety-related symptoms ranging from panic attacks to feelings of agitation. Antipsychotics are used to treat symptoms of psychosis, including delusions and hallucinations. Additionally, they may be used to treat certain mood and other psychiatric disorders. Mood stabilizers such as lithium can be used to treat bipolar disorder and mood swings associated with other disorders. They can also help with certain depressive disorders. Procedures Neurotherapeutic procedures like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation are used in cases of treatment-resistant and severe depression. During ECT, electrodes are placed on the head to deliver a small amount of electrical stimulation to the brain to induce brief seizures while the patient is under anesthesia. For transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnets are used to stimulate areas of the brain associated with mood regulation. Ketamine infusion or nasal spray therapy offers another option for people with treatment-resistant major depression. It may work rapidly and help reduce suicide ideation. Lifestyle Lifestyle changes help promote overall well-being. You may benefit from: Exercising for at least 20 minutes a day Practicing mindfulness in meditation or yoga Avoiding smoking Avoiding substance use (including alcohol) Eating a well-rounded diet that limits fats and refined sugars Having a support system Maintaining a regular seven- to nine-hour sleep routine Practicing positive thinking If you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial 988 to contact the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline and connect with a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911 .
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Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Ⓒ 2026 People Inc. — All rights reserved # Common Types of Mental Illness and Their Symptoms By [Michelle Pugle](https://www.verywellhealth.com/michelle-pugle-5084346) Updated on November 10, 2025 Medically reviewed by [Steven Gans, MD](https://www.verywellhealth.com/steven-gans-md-4685030) Close ### Key Takeaways - Mental disorders include conditions that affect mood, thought patterns, and behavior. - Common mental health conditions include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and more. - If you have mental health concerns, it's important to reach out to a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Mental illness affects how people think, feel, and act—impacting millions each year. Knowing the most common disorders, such as anxiety, bipolar, and depressive disorders, can help guide those affected toward effective diagnosis and treatment. Theresa Chiechi / Verywell ## Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health concern in the U.S., affecting 19.1% of people. Individuals with these disorders experience excessive fear, anxiety, and related behaviors. Anxiety symptoms can worsen over time, impacting daily life. People with anxiety may avoid situations or triggers that make symptoms worse. Anxiety disorders are a group of related conditions, each having unique symptoms. Types of anxiety disorders include: - Generalized anxiety disorder—frequent and persistent anxiety that may last for months or even years - Panic disorder—experiencing panic attacks regularly (from a few times a day to a few times a year) - [Social anxiety disorder](https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-social-anxiety-disorder-is-treated-5113725)—severe fear of social judgment that may cause avoidance of social situations - Specific phobia—a severe fear of a particular object or situation (e.g., spiders, heights, or flying) ## Bipolar and Related Disorders Bipolar disorder causes dramatic shifts in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to think clearly. People with this disorder experience extremely high and low moods, known as mania and depression. They may have distinct manic or depressed states, or they may have long periods without symptoms. A person with bipolar disorder can also experience mixed manic and depressive symptoms. Bipolar disorder affects 2.8% of the U.S. population, and 83% of cases are classified as severe. Bipolar disorders can be categorized into three types, including: - Bipolar I disorder—featuring severe episodes of mania that may require hospitalization and typically depressive episodes as well - Bipolar II disorder—a pattern featuring episodes of hypomania (less severe than mania) and episodes of depression - Cyclothymic disorder or cyclothymia—a pattern of depressive and hypomanic symptoms that aren't severe or long enough to qualify for a bipolar II disorder diagnosis ## Depressive Disorders People with depressive disorders, commonly referred to as simply depression, experience a sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by physical and cognitive changes that are severe or persistent enough to interfere with daily functioning. Some will only experience one depressive episode in their lifetime, but for most, depressive disorder recurs. Without treatment, episodes may last a few months to several years. Those with depression lose interest or pleasure in activities and experience excessive fatigue, appetite changes, sleep disturbances, indecision, and poor concentration. Suicidal thinking or behavior can also occur. There are many types of depressive disorders, including: - Major depressive disorder: Severe depressive symptoms that last for at least two weeks - Prenatal depression (during pregnancy) and postpartum depression (after childbirth): Together known as perinatal depression - Persistent depressive disorder (also known as dysthymia): Depressive symptoms less severe than in major depressive disorder, but may last longer (at least two years) - Seasonal affective disorder (SAD): Depression recurring for a few months every year around the change of seasons (typically in winter) - Major depressive disorder with symptoms of psychosis: Severe depression that comes with delusions and hallucinations - Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): Severe depression recurring one to two weeks before the start of the menstrual period ## Dissociative Disorders Dissociation refers to a disconnection between a person’s thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of who they are. Symptoms of dissociative disorders can potentially affect every area of mental functioning. Dissociative disorders involve disruptions in memory, identity, emotion, perception, behavior, and sense of self. Examples of dissociative symptoms include the experience of detachment or feeling outside of your body, as well as loss of memory or amnesia. Dissociative disorders are frequently associated with previous experiences of trauma. It is believed that dissociation helps a person tolerate what might otherwise be too difficult to bear. There are three types of dissociative disorders: - Dissociative identity disorder—experiencing multiple independent identities in the same body, each with its own behaviors and memories - Dissociative amnesia—having large gaps in personal memories, often related to stressful or traumatic experiences - Depersonalization/derealization disorder—persistently feeling removed from personal self and the environment ## Feeding and Eating Disorders People with feeding and eating disorders experience severe disturbances in their eating behaviors and related thoughts and emotions. They may become so preoccupied with food and weight issues that they find it harder and harder to focus on other aspects of their life. Over time, these behaviors can significantly impair physical health and psychosocial functioning. Eating disorders affect several million people at any given time, most often women between the ages of 12 and 35. There are three main types of eating disorders: - Anorexia nervosa—consistently restricting or avoiding food to lose weight, regardless of body weight - Bulimia nervosa—episodes of eating a lot of food followed by attempts to remove the food through behaviors like vomiting, fasting, or using laxatives - Binge-eating disorder—episodes of eating a lot of food, but without trying to remove the food ## Gender Dysphoria [Gender dysphoria](https://www.verywellhealth.com/understanding-gender-dysphoria-4587339) refers to psychological distress that results from a difference between one’s sex assigned at birth and one’s [gender identity](https://www.verywellhealth.com/gender-stereotypes-5323771). It often begins in childhood, but some people may not experience it until after puberty or much later. Transgender people are individuals whose sex assigned at birth does not match their gender identity. Some transgender people experience gender dysphoria, and they may or may not change the way they dress or look to align with their felt gender. ## Neurocognitive Disorders Neurocognitive disorders lead to a decline in cognitive function from a previously obtained level. People with this condition may experience noticeable memory loss, difficulty communicating, significant problems handling daily tasks, confusion, and personality changes. Neurocognitive disorders can be caused by a wide range of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular disease, traumatic brain injury, HIV infection, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. Types of neurocognitive disorders include: - [Delirium](https://www.verywellhealth.com/delirium-5223127)—typically a temporary and treatable state of confusion, disorientation, and difficulty thinking or remembering - Major neurocognitive disorder (dementia)—gradual and severe decrease in memory and thinking abilities, enough to interfere with daily activities - Mild neurocognitive disorder—a decrease in memory and thinking abilities greater than expected for one's age, but less severe than dementia ## Neurodevelopmental Disorders Neurodevelopmental disorders have an onset in the developmental period, with the development of the central nervous system disturbed. This can produce impairments in personal, social, and academic functioning. Types of neurodevelopmental disorders include: - Autism spectrum disorder - [Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)](https://www.verywellhealth.com/adhd-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-included-definition-symptoms-traits-causes-treatment-5084784) - Neurodevelopmental motor disorders - Specific learning disorders - Communication disorders - Intellectual disability ## Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder in which people have recurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas, or sensations (obsessions) that make them feel driven to do something repetitively (compulsions). These repetitive behaviors can significantly interfere with a person’s daily activities and social interactions. Not performing the behaviors commonly causes great distress. People with OCD have difficulty disengaging from the obsessive thoughts or stopping the compulsive actions. This disorder is estimated to affect 2% to 3% of U.S. adults. Disorders related to OCD include: - [Hoarding disorder](https://www.verywellhealth.com/coping-with-obsessive-compulsive-behavior-97616)—collecting too many items, resulting in clutter that is distressing and interferes with daily life - Body dysmorphic disorder (body dysmorphia)—excessive worry over one's appearance - Body-focused repetitive behaviors like excoriation (skin-picking) disorder and [trichotillomania](https://www.verywellhealth.com/pulling-out-eyelashes-6504388) (hair-pulling disorder) ## Personality Disorders People with personality disorders have persistent patterns of perceiving, reacting, and relating that are maladaptive (poorly adjusted) and rigid, causing distress and functional impairments. The pattern of experience and behavior begins by the time of late adolescence or early adulthood. People with personality disorders may have trouble dealing with everyday stressors and problems, and they often have difficult relationships with other people. There are 10 types of personality disorders: - Antisocial personality disorder—showing a pattern of manipulating others - Avoidant personality disorder—avoiding others because of feelings of inferiority and fear of rejection - Borderline personality disorder—difficulty managing emotions - Dependent personality disorder—excessive dependence on others - Histrionic personality disorder—excessive need for attention, along with dramatic behavior and strong emotions - Narcissistic personality disorder—feeling superior and lacking empathy - Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder—excessive need for control and order - Paranoid personality disorder—excessive fear and distrust of others - Schizoid personality disorder—strong preference for being alone - Schizotypal personality disorder—discomfort with relationships, along with odd behaviors and difficulties communicating ## Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders People with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders lose touch with reality and experience a range of symptoms that may include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, and disorganized or abnormal behavior. Schizophrenia affects less than 1% of the U.S. population. Other psychotic disorders include: - Brief psychotic disorder—psychotic symptoms that last less than a month (but may recur) - Delusional disorder—experiencing delusional thoughts for at least a month - Schizoaffective disorder—psychotic symptoms along with severe mood and behavior swings (a combination of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder symptoms) - Substance-induced psychotic disorder—psychotic symptoms induced by drugs such as cocaine ## Sleep-Wake Disorders Sleep-wake disorders, also known as sleep disorders, involve problems with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment in functioning. They often occur along with medical conditions or other mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or cognitive disorders. There are several types of sleep-wake disorders: - Insomnia—inability to fall or stay asleep - Obstructive sleep apnea—experiencing apneas (episodes of stopped breathing for at least 10 seconds) during sleep - Parasomnias—odd behaviors around and during sleep time, including walking or talking - Narcolepsy—experiencing extreme daytime sleepiness and other sleep-related symptoms - Restless leg syndrome—tingling in your legs or a need to move your legs ## Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders This category includes substance use disorders (often referred to as substance abuse). They occur when a person continues the use of alcohol or another drug or substance despite significant substance-related problems. People with substance abuse disorders have an intense focus on using certain substances to the point where their ability to function in day-to-day life may become impaired. ## Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders These disorders occur after exposure to a stressful or traumatic event, which can include exposure to physical or emotional violence or pain, abuse, neglect, or a catastrophic event. Trauma-related disorders are characterized by a variety of symptoms, including intrusion symptoms (flashbacks), avoidance, changes in mood such as anhedonia, dysphoria (dissatisfaction with life), [anger](https://www.verywellhealth.com/intermittent-explosive-disorder-overview-and-more-5211713), aggression, and dissociation. Types of trauma-related disorders include: - Post-traumatic stress disorder—a severe reaction to trauma that lasts for longer than a month - [Acute stress disorder](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-ptsd-5084527)—a severe reaction to trauma within the first month of the traumatic event - Adjustment disorder—severe mood and behavior symptoms such as nervousness, impulsivity, and sadness, following a stressful event - Reactive attachment disorder—difficulty connecting or being physically close with others, as well as experiencing positive emotions, due to childhood neglect or abuse - Disinhibited social engagement disorder—in children, wandering away from caregivers and excessive friendliness toward strangers ## Diagnosis Mental Health Disorders ### Mental Illness and Suicide If you experience symptoms of a mental illness, try to see a healthcare provider or mental health professional as soon as you can. It is estimated that 46% of people who die by suicide have a diagnosed mental health condition and 90% of individuals who die by suicide have experienced symptoms of a mental health condition. There are many treatment options for mental illnesses. A prompt diagnosis can lead to significant improvements in your quality of life. Many people develop a mental illness early on in life, with 50% of all lifetime mental illnesses beginning by age 14 and 75% by age 24. Doctors and other mental health professionals diagnose mental illness by using the criteria outlined in the DSM-5. Many conditions require all criteria to be met before a diagnosis can be made. Others, like borderline personality disorder, require only a set number of criteria from a larger list to be met. Many disorders are further classified by severity and specifications that can help doctors determine the appropriate course of treatment for an individual patient. For example, someone being diagnosed with OCD will also be categorized based on their level of insight as to whether their OCD-related beliefs are true and whether or not they present with a current or past history of a tic disorder. It is common for people to have more than one mental illness at a time. By some estimates, about half of people with one mental illness have a comorbid (co-occurring) substance use disorder present at the same time or sequentially. As such, the likelihood of a mental health and substance use disorder dual diagnosis is high. This may be due to common risk factors and the fact that having one condition predisposes a person to the other. Other common comorbidity examples include: - Borderline personality disorder: Major depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders - Social anxiety disorder:Other anxiety disorders, major depressive disorders, and alcohol use disorder - Eating disorders:Anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder Primary care physicians and mental health professionals should work together because a diagnosis as defined by the DSM-5 requires exclusion of other possible causes, including physical causes and other mental disorders with similar features. For example, [paranoid delusions](https://www.verywellhealth.com/paranoid-delusions-5095908) in older adults can be caused by Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, strokes, Alzheimer’s disease, and other forms of dementia. ## Treatment Options Due to the wide variety of mental illnesses, many different health professionals may be involved in the treatment process, including: - Psychologists - Therapists - Social workers - [Psychiatrists](https://www.verywellhealth.com/counseling-for-mental-health-5220424) - Primary care and other medical physicians - Pharmacists - Nurses Treatment may include one or more of the above professionals and one or more methods (e.g. psychotherapy combined with medication). Disorders that resist initial treatment may require further interventions. ### Psychotherapy Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is used to treat and support a broad range of mental illnesses by helping a person build self-esteem; reduce anxiety, depression, and other symptoms; cope with their illness; and improve overall functioning and well-being. Common types of psychotherapy include: - [Cognitive behavioral therapy](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-insomnia-cbti-3015310) (CBT):Helps you identify and change maladaptive behaviors - Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT): Uses aspects of CBT along with other strategies, like[mindfulness](https://www.verywellhealth.com/mindfulness-therapy-5212796), to help you regulate emotions, as well as teaches new skills to change unhealthy and disruptive behaviors - Supportive therapy: Helps you build self-esteem while reducing anxiety, strengthening coping mechanisms, and improving social functioning ### Medication Medications may be used to reduce symptoms and restore functioning. They are often used in conjunction with psychotherapy. Four major types of psychotropic drugs include: - Antidepressants such as SSRIs, SNRIs, and bupropion are used to treat symptoms of depression, anxiety, pain, and insomnia. - Anxiolytics are anti-anxiety medications used in the acute (in-the-moment) treatment of anxiety-related symptoms ranging from panic attacks to feelings of agitation. - Antipsychotics are used to treat symptoms of psychosis, including delusions and hallucinations. Additionally, they may be used to treat certain mood and other psychiatric disorders. - Mood stabilizers such as [lithium](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-lithium-5086884) can be used to treat bipolar disorder and mood swings associated with other disorders. They can also help with certain depressive disorders. ### Procedures Neurotherapeutic procedures like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation are used in cases of treatment-resistant and severe depression. During ECT, electrodes are placed on the head to deliver a small amount of electrical stimulation to the brain to induce brief seizures while the patient is under anesthesia. For transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnets are used to stimulate areas of the brain associated with mood regulation. Ketamine infusion or nasal spray therapy offers another option for people with treatment-resistant major depression. It may work rapidly and help reduce suicide ideation. ### Lifestyle Lifestyle changes help promote overall well-being. You may benefit from: - Exercising for at least 20 minutes a day - Practicing mindfulness in meditation or yoga - Avoiding smoking - Avoiding substance use (including alcohol) - Eating a well-rounded diet that limits fats and refined sugars - Having a support system - Maintaining a regular seven- to nine-hour sleep routine - Practicing positive thinking If you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial 988 to contact the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https://988lifeline.org/) and connect with a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911. Read more: - [Health A-Z](https://www.verywellhealth.com/health-a-z-4014770) - [Mental Health](https://www.verywellhealth.com/mental-health-5079153) 41 Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our [editorial process](https://www.verywellhealth.com/verywell-editorial-process-4777042) to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. 1. National Alliance on Mental Illness. [Anxiety disorders](https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Anxiety-Disorders). 2. American Psychiatric Association. [What are anxiety disorders?](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders) 3. National Institute of Mental Health. [Anxiety disorders.](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders) 4. National Alliance on Mental Illness. [Bipolar disorder](https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Bipolar-Disorder). 5. National Institute of Mental Health. [Bipolar disorder.](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder) 6. National Institute of Mental Health. [Depression.](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression) 7. National Institute of Mental Health. [Perinatal depression.](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/perinatal-depression) 8. National Institute of Mental Health. [Seasonal affective disorder.](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/seasonal-affective-disorder) 9. Office on Women's Health. [Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).](https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd) 10. American Psychiatric Association. [What are dissociative disorders?](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/dissociative-disorders/what-are-dissociative-disorders) 11. StatPearls. [Dissociative identity disorder.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568768/) 12. Clouden TA. [Dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue in a 20-year-old woman with schizoaffective disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.](https://doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.8289) Cureus. 2020;12(5):e8289. doi:10.7759/cureus.8289 13. Murphy RJ. [Depersonalization/derealization disorder and neural correlates of trauma-related pathology: a critical review.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10132272/) Innov Clin Neurosci. 2023;20(1-3):53-59. 14. American Psychiatric Association. [What are eating disorders?](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/eating-disorders/what-are-eating-disorders) 15. National Institute of Mental Health. [Eating disorders.](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/eating-disorders) 16. MedlinePlus. [Delirium.](https://medlineplus.gov/delirium.html) 17. StatPearls. [Major neurocognitive disorder (dementia).](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557444/) 18. Stokin GB, Krell-Roesch J, Petersen RC, Geda YE. [Mild neurocognitive disorder: an old wine in a new bottle.](https://doi.org/10.1097%2FHRP.0000000000000084) Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2015;23(5):368-376. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000084 19. American Psychiatric Association. [What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ocd/what-is-obsessive-compulsive-disorder) 20. National Health Service. [Hoarding disorder.](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/) 21. National Health Service. [Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/body-dysmorphia/) 22. MedlinePlus. [Personality disorders.](https://medlineplus.gov/personalitydisorders.html) 23. American Psychiatric Association. [What is schizophrenia?](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia) 24. StatPearls. [Brief psychotic disorder.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539912/) 25. StatPearls. [Delusional disorder.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539855/) 26. MedlinePlus. [Schizoaffective disorder.](https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/schizoaffective-disorder/) 27. American Psychiatric Association. [What are sleep disorders?](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/sleep-disorders/what-are-sleep-disorders) 28. MedlinePlus. [Sleep disorders.](https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html) 29. National Institute of Mental Health. [Post-traumatic stress disorder.](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd) 30. Department of Veterans Affairs. [Acute stress disorder (ASD).](https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/related/acute_stress.asp) 31. MedlinePlus. [Adjustment disorder.](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000932.htm) 32. StatPearls. [Reactive attachment disorder.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537155/) 33. Guyon-Harris KL, Humphreys KL, Miron D, et al. [Disinhibited social engagement disorder in early childhood predicts reduced competence in early adolescence.](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10802-019-00547-0) J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019;47(10):1735-1745. doi:10.1007/s10802-019-00547-0 34. National Alliance on Mental Illness. [Mental health by the numbers](https://www.nami.org/mhstats). 35. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. [Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health \[Internet\]](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t13/). Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); Table 3.13, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Comparison. 36. National Institute on Drug Abuse. [Comorbidity: substance use disorders and other mental illnesses](https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/comorbidity-substance-use-disorders-other-mental-illnesses). 37. National Institute of Mental Health. [Borderline personality disorder](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml). 38. Koyuncu A, İnce E, Ertekin E, Tükel R. [Comorbidity in social anxiety disorder: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges](https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.212573). Drugs Context. 2019 Apr 2;8:212573. doi:10.7573/dic.212573 39. National Eating Disorder Association. [Co-occurring conditions & special issues](https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/co-occurring-disorders-and-special-issues). 40. National Institute on Mental Health. [Mental health medications](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications/index.shtml). 41. Harvard Health Publishing. [Ketamine for major depression: new tool, new questions](https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/ketamine-for-major-depression-new-tool-new-questions-2019052216673). ![Woman in green blouse smiling with glasses.]() ![Woman in green blouse smiling with glasses.](https://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/HUmlj-UkHrgnoL31dA12Qdnvs78=/144x144/filters:no_upscale\(\):max_bytes\(150000\):strip_icc\(\)/ProfilePicPugle-bc0d33cfdbbc46e08595e6ff62d19ffd.jpg) By [Michelle Pugle](https://www.verywellhealth.com/michelle-pugle-5084346) Michelle Pugle writes health articles for award-winning websites, as seen in Healthline, Verywell, Everyday Health, and Psych Central. She has a Master's degree, undergraduate degrees in English and Sociology, a diploma in Holistic Herbal Therapy, and is trained in mental health first aid, anti-violence work, and peer support work. [See Our Editorial Process](https://www.verywellhealth.com/verywell-editorial-process-4777042) [Meet Our Medical Expert Board](https://www.verywellhealth.com/meet-our-medical-expert-board-11762003) Share Feedback Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback\! What is your feedback? 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Readable Markdown	### Key Takeaways - Mental disorders include conditions that affect mood, thought patterns, and behavior. - Common mental health conditions include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and more. - If you have mental health concerns, it's important to reach out to a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Mental illness affects how people think, feel, and act—impacting millions each year. Knowing the most common disorders, such as anxiety, bipolar, and depressive disorders, can help guide those affected toward effective diagnosis and treatment. Theresa Chiechi / Verywell ## Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health concern in the U.S., affecting 19.1% of people. Individuals with these disorders experience excessive fear, anxiety, and related behaviors. Anxiety symptoms can worsen over time, impacting daily life. People with anxiety may avoid situations or triggers that make symptoms worse. Anxiety disorders are a group of related conditions, each having unique symptoms. Types of anxiety disorders include: - Generalized anxiety disorder—frequent and persistent anxiety that may last for months or even years - Panic disorder—experiencing panic attacks regularly (from a few times a day to a few times a year) - [Social anxiety disorder](https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-social-anxiety-disorder-is-treated-5113725)—severe fear of social judgment that may cause avoidance of social situations - Specific phobia—a severe fear of a particular object or situation (e.g., spiders, heights, or flying) ## Bipolar and Related Disorders Bipolar disorder causes dramatic shifts in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to think clearly. People with this disorder experience extremely high and low moods, known as mania and depression. They may have distinct manic or depressed states, or they may have long periods without symptoms. A person with bipolar disorder can also experience mixed manic and depressive symptoms. Bipolar disorder affects 2.8% of the U.S. population, and 83% of cases are classified as severe. Bipolar disorders can be categorized into three types, including: - Bipolar I disorder—featuring severe episodes of mania that may require hospitalization and typically depressive episodes as well - Bipolar II disorder—a pattern featuring episodes of hypomania (less severe than mania) and episodes of depression - Cyclothymic disorder or cyclothymia—a pattern of depressive and hypomanic symptoms that aren't severe or long enough to qualify for a bipolar II disorder diagnosis ## Depressive Disorders People with depressive disorders, commonly referred to as simply depression, experience a sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by physical and cognitive changes that are severe or persistent enough to interfere with daily functioning. Some will only experience one depressive episode in their lifetime, but for most, depressive disorder recurs. Without treatment, episodes may last a few months to several years. Those with depression lose interest or pleasure in activities and experience excessive fatigue, appetite changes, sleep disturbances, indecision, and poor concentration. Suicidal thinking or behavior can also occur. There are many types of depressive disorders, including: - Major depressive disorder: Severe depressive symptoms that last for at least two weeks - Prenatal depression (during pregnancy) and postpartum depression (after childbirth): Together known as perinatal depression - Persistent depressive disorder (also known as dysthymia): Depressive symptoms less severe than in major depressive disorder, but may last longer (at least two years) - Seasonal affective disorder (SAD): Depression recurring for a few months every year around the change of seasons (typically in winter) - Major depressive disorder with symptoms of psychosis: Severe depression that comes with delusions and hallucinations - Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): Severe depression recurring one to two weeks before the start of the menstrual period ## Dissociative Disorders Dissociation refers to a disconnection between a person’s thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of who they are. Symptoms of dissociative disorders can potentially affect every area of mental functioning. Dissociative disorders involve disruptions in memory, identity, emotion, perception, behavior, and sense of self. Examples of dissociative symptoms include the experience of detachment or feeling outside of your body, as well as loss of memory or amnesia. Dissociative disorders are frequently associated with previous experiences of trauma. It is believed that dissociation helps a person tolerate what might otherwise be too difficult to bear. There are three types of dissociative disorders: - Dissociative identity disorder—experiencing multiple independent identities in the same body, each with its own behaviors and memories - Dissociative amnesia—having large gaps in personal memories, often related to stressful or traumatic experiences - Depersonalization/derealization disorder—persistently feeling removed from personal self and the environment ## Feeding and Eating Disorders People with feeding and eating disorders experience severe disturbances in their eating behaviors and related thoughts and emotions. They may become so preoccupied with food and weight issues that they find it harder and harder to focus on other aspects of their life. Over time, these behaviors can significantly impair physical health and psychosocial functioning. Eating disorders affect several million people at any given time, most often women between the ages of 12 and 35. There are three main types of eating disorders: - Anorexia nervosa—consistently restricting or avoiding food to lose weight, regardless of body weight - Bulimia nervosa—episodes of eating a lot of food followed by attempts to remove the food through behaviors like vomiting, fasting, or using laxatives - Binge-eating disorder—episodes of eating a lot of food, but without trying to remove the food ## Gender Dysphoria [Gender dysphoria](https://www.verywellhealth.com/understanding-gender-dysphoria-4587339) refers to psychological distress that results from a difference between one’s sex assigned at birth and one’s [gender identity](https://www.verywellhealth.com/gender-stereotypes-5323771). It often begins in childhood, but some people may not experience it until after puberty or much later. Transgender people are individuals whose sex assigned at birth does not match their gender identity. Some transgender people experience gender dysphoria, and they may or may not change the way they dress or look to align with their felt gender. ## Neurocognitive Disorders Neurocognitive disorders lead to a decline in cognitive function from a previously obtained level. People with this condition may experience noticeable memory loss, difficulty communicating, significant problems handling daily tasks, confusion, and personality changes. Neurocognitive disorders can be caused by a wide range of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular disease, traumatic brain injury, HIV infection, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. Types of neurocognitive disorders include: - [Delirium](https://www.verywellhealth.com/delirium-5223127)—typically a temporary and treatable state of confusion, disorientation, and difficulty thinking or remembering - Major neurocognitive disorder (dementia)—gradual and severe decrease in memory and thinking abilities, enough to interfere with daily activities - Mild neurocognitive disorder—a decrease in memory and thinking abilities greater than expected for one's age, but less severe than dementia ## Neurodevelopmental Disorders Neurodevelopmental disorders have an onset in the developmental period, with the development of the central nervous system disturbed. This can produce impairments in personal, social, and academic functioning. Types of neurodevelopmental disorders include: - Autism spectrum disorder - [Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)](https://www.verywellhealth.com/adhd-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-included-definition-symptoms-traits-causes-treatment-5084784) - Neurodevelopmental motor disorders - Specific learning disorders - Communication disorders - Intellectual disability ## Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder in which people have recurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas, or sensations (obsessions) that make them feel driven to do something repetitively (compulsions). These repetitive behaviors can significantly interfere with a person’s daily activities and social interactions. Not performing the behaviors commonly causes great distress. People with OCD have difficulty disengaging from the obsessive thoughts or stopping the compulsive actions. This disorder is estimated to affect 2% to 3% of U.S. adults. Disorders related to OCD include: - [Hoarding disorder](https://www.verywellhealth.com/coping-with-obsessive-compulsive-behavior-97616)—collecting too many items, resulting in clutter that is distressing and interferes with daily life - Body dysmorphic disorder (body dysmorphia)—excessive worry over one's appearance - Body-focused repetitive behaviors like excoriation (skin-picking) disorder and [trichotillomania](https://www.verywellhealth.com/pulling-out-eyelashes-6504388) (hair-pulling disorder) ## Personality Disorders People with personality disorders have persistent patterns of perceiving, reacting, and relating that are maladaptive (poorly adjusted) and rigid, causing distress and functional impairments. The pattern of experience and behavior begins by the time of late adolescence or early adulthood. People with personality disorders may have trouble dealing with everyday stressors and problems, and they often have difficult relationships with other people. There are 10 types of personality disorders: - Antisocial personality disorder—showing a pattern of manipulating others - Avoidant personality disorder—avoiding others because of feelings of inferiority and fear of rejection - Borderline personality disorder—difficulty managing emotions - Dependent personality disorder—excessive dependence on others - Histrionic personality disorder—excessive need for attention, along with dramatic behavior and strong emotions - Narcissistic personality disorder—feeling superior and lacking empathy - Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder—excessive need for control and order - Paranoid personality disorder—excessive fear and distrust of others - Schizoid personality disorder—strong preference for being alone - Schizotypal personality disorder—discomfort with relationships, along with odd behaviors and difficulties communicating ## Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders People with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders lose touch with reality and experience a range of symptoms that may include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, and disorganized or abnormal behavior. Schizophrenia affects less than 1% of the U.S. population. Other psychotic disorders include: - Brief psychotic disorder—psychotic symptoms that last less than a month (but may recur) - Delusional disorder—experiencing delusional thoughts for at least a month - Schizoaffective disorder—psychotic symptoms along with severe mood and behavior swings (a combination of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder symptoms) - Substance-induced psychotic disorder—psychotic symptoms induced by drugs such as cocaine ## Sleep-Wake Disorders Sleep-wake disorders, also known as sleep disorders, involve problems with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment in functioning. They often occur along with medical conditions or other mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or cognitive disorders. There are several types of sleep-wake disorders: - Insomnia—inability to fall or stay asleep - Obstructive sleep apnea—experiencing apneas (episodes of stopped breathing for at least 10 seconds) during sleep - Parasomnias—odd behaviors around and during sleep time, including walking or talking - Narcolepsy—experiencing extreme daytime sleepiness and other sleep-related symptoms - Restless leg syndrome—tingling in your legs or a need to move your legs ## Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders This category includes substance use disorders (often referred to as substance abuse). They occur when a person continues the use of alcohol or another drug or substance despite significant substance-related problems. People with substance abuse disorders have an intense focus on using certain substances to the point where their ability to function in day-to-day life may become impaired. ## Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders These disorders occur after exposure to a stressful or traumatic event, which can include exposure to physical or emotional violence or pain, abuse, neglect, or a catastrophic event. Trauma-related disorders are characterized by a variety of symptoms, including intrusion symptoms (flashbacks), avoidance, changes in mood such as anhedonia, dysphoria (dissatisfaction with life), [anger](https://www.verywellhealth.com/intermittent-explosive-disorder-overview-and-more-5211713), aggression, and dissociation. Types of trauma-related disorders include: - Post-traumatic stress disorder—a severe reaction to trauma that lasts for longer than a month - [Acute stress disorder](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-ptsd-5084527)—a severe reaction to trauma within the first month of the traumatic event - Adjustment disorder—severe mood and behavior symptoms such as nervousness, impulsivity, and sadness, following a stressful event - Reactive attachment disorder—difficulty connecting or being physically close with others, as well as experiencing positive emotions, due to childhood neglect or abuse - Disinhibited social engagement disorder—in children, wandering away from caregivers and excessive friendliness toward strangers ## Diagnosis Mental Health Disorders ### Mental Illness and Suicide If you experience symptoms of a mental illness, try to see a healthcare provider or mental health professional as soon as you can. It is estimated that 46% of people who die by suicide have a diagnosed mental health condition and 90% of individuals who die by suicide have experienced symptoms of a mental health condition. There are many treatment options for mental illnesses. A prompt diagnosis can lead to significant improvements in your quality of life. Many people develop a mental illness early on in life, with 50% of all lifetime mental illnesses beginning by age 14 and 75% by age 24. Doctors and other mental health professionals diagnose mental illness by using the criteria outlined in the DSM-5. Many conditions require all criteria to be met before a diagnosis can be made. Others, like borderline personality disorder, require only a set number of criteria from a larger list to be met. Many disorders are further classified by severity and specifications that can help doctors determine the appropriate course of treatment for an individual patient. For example, someone being diagnosed with OCD will also be categorized based on their level of insight as to whether their OCD-related beliefs are true and whether or not they present with a current or past history of a tic disorder. It is common for people to have more than one mental illness at a time. By some estimates, about half of people with one mental illness have a comorbid (co-occurring) substance use disorder present at the same time or sequentially. As such, the likelihood of a mental health and substance use disorder dual diagnosis is high. This may be due to common risk factors and the fact that having one condition predisposes a person to the other. Other common comorbidity examples include: - Borderline personality disorder: Major depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders - Social anxiety disorder:Other anxiety disorders, major depressive disorders, and alcohol use disorder - Eating disorders:Anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder Primary care physicians and mental health professionals should work together because a diagnosis as defined by the DSM-5 requires exclusion of other possible causes, including physical causes and other mental disorders with similar features. For example, [paranoid delusions](https://www.verywellhealth.com/paranoid-delusions-5095908) in older adults can be caused by Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, strokes, Alzheimer’s disease, and other forms of dementia. ## Treatment Options Due to the wide variety of mental illnesses, many different health professionals may be involved in the treatment process, including: - Psychologists - Therapists - Social workers - [Psychiatrists](https://www.verywellhealth.com/counseling-for-mental-health-5220424) - Primary care and other medical physicians - Pharmacists - Nurses Treatment may include one or more of the above professionals and one or more methods (e.g. psychotherapy combined with medication). Disorders that resist initial treatment may require further interventions. ### Psychotherapy Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is used to treat and support a broad range of mental illnesses by helping a person build self-esteem; reduce anxiety, depression, and other symptoms; cope with their illness; and improve overall functioning and well-being. Common types of psychotherapy include: - [Cognitive behavioral therapy](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-insomnia-cbti-3015310) (CBT):Helps you identify and change maladaptive behaviors - Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT): Uses aspects of CBT along with other strategies, like[mindfulness](https://www.verywellhealth.com/mindfulness-therapy-5212796), to help you regulate emotions, as well as teaches new skills to change unhealthy and disruptive behaviors - Supportive therapy: Helps you build self-esteem while reducing anxiety, strengthening coping mechanisms, and improving social functioning ### Medication Medications may be used to reduce symptoms and restore functioning. They are often used in conjunction with psychotherapy. Four major types of psychotropic drugs include: - Antidepressants such as SSRIs, SNRIs, and bupropion are used to treat symptoms of depression, anxiety, pain, and insomnia. - Anxiolytics are anti-anxiety medications used in the acute (in-the-moment) treatment of anxiety-related symptoms ranging from panic attacks to feelings of agitation. - Antipsychotics are used to treat symptoms of psychosis, including delusions and hallucinations. Additionally, they may be used to treat certain mood and other psychiatric disorders. - Mood stabilizers such as [lithium](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-lithium-5086884) can be used to treat bipolar disorder and mood swings associated with other disorders. They can also help with certain depressive disorders. ### Procedures Neurotherapeutic procedures like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation are used in cases of treatment-resistant and severe depression. During ECT, electrodes are placed on the head to deliver a small amount of electrical stimulation to the brain to induce brief seizures while the patient is under anesthesia. For transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnets are used to stimulate areas of the brain associated with mood regulation. Ketamine infusion or nasal spray therapy offers another option for people with treatment-resistant major depression. It may work rapidly and help reduce suicide ideation. ### Lifestyle Lifestyle changes help promote overall well-being. You may benefit from: - Exercising for at least 20 minutes a day - Practicing mindfulness in meditation or yoga - Avoiding smoking - Avoiding substance use (including alcohol) - Eating a well-rounded diet that limits fats and refined sugars - Having a support system - Maintaining a regular seven- to nine-hour sleep routine - Practicing positive thinking If you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial 988 to contact the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https://988lifeline.org/) and connect with a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911.
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