🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 96 (from laksa179)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa096.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain","crawl_time":1776070291,"first_indexed_time":1718144227,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,upmc!www,\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain s443","src_root_hash":"12741625226546234896","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Low Back Pain Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment","meta_descriptions":["Lower back pain often results from an injury, overuse, or, in rare cases, a small fracture. Learn how UPMC diagnoses and treats lower back pain."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Low back pain is a common problem that can have many causes, from muscle strain to a herniated disc. You should see a doctor for low back pain that persists, is severe, or could mean nerve compression.\nUPMC offers many treatments for low back pain, including pain medication, steroid injections, physical therapy, lifestyle management, and surgery.\nLooking for Low Back Pain Care?\nRelated services:\nOn this page:\nWhat Is Low Back Pain?\nWhat Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain?\nHow Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain?\nHow Do You Treat Low Back Pain?\nWhat Is Low Back Pain?\nLow back pain can feel like a stabbing, burning, or aching pain. It can be constant or come and go during the course of the day.\nWhile most low back pain resolves over time, episodes of low back pain often return. You can treat and prevent low back pain with lifestyle changes and care from your doctor.\nWhat causes lower back pain? \nLow back pain can have many causes, such as:\nA herniated disc.\nA sprain or strain from overuse, repeated movements, or a single, awkward movement.\nA tumor (this is a rare).\nAn infection (this is rare).\nAnkylosing spondylitis.\nArthritis.\nLumbar spinal stenosis.\nOsteoporosis.\nScoliosis\n, or a curve of the spine.\nYour low back pain could also be from something not listed above.\nBack to top\nLower back pain risk factors\nLow back pain is more likely in people over age 30. Chronic low back pain is especially common between the ages of 50 and 60, \naccording to the National Library of Medicine.\nBesides age, your lifestyle can contribute to low back pain.\nCertain risk factors can make lower back pain more likely, including:\nA lack of exercise, as weak muscles in the abdomen and back can increase the risk of low back strain.\nA misalignment in the bones of your spine, or vertebrae, due to an injury or genetics.\nAge, especially if you're over 30.\nBeing overweight.\nEngaging in frequent repetitive movements that put pressure on the lower back, like lifting, pushing, pulling, or twisting movements.\nHaving poor posture.\nSitting in a poorly designed chair for a long time, or driving for long periods without taking a break.\nSmoking, which can increase the risk of health issues that cause low back pain, like herniated discs and osteoporosis.\nStress, including stress due to depression, anxiety, or poor sleep.\nBack to top\nComplications of lower back pain\nLeft untreated, back pain can worsen over time.\nPeople with low back pain may exercise less, increasing their risk of many diseases, including \ndiabetes\n and heart problems.\nLow back pain can also make it hard to engage with friends or family. It can impact your sleep and how well you're able to do your job, and make leisure activities less enjoyable.\nLong-term or recurring back pain is a serious health problem that requires expert care.\nBack to top\nBack pain prevention\nYou can help prevent low back pain if you:\nAvoid lifting things that are too heavy. Ask someone to help you.\nAvoid sitting or standing in one position for too long.\nEat a balanced diet to maintain a healthy weight.\nSit up straight, with both feet on the floor.\nStrengthen the muscles in your abdomen, glutes, hips, and lower back. You can search online for exercises to prevent lower back pain or work with a physical therapist.\nUse an ergonomic chair when sitting for long periods.\nUse proper lifting technique — bend at the knees and engage the legs when lifting.\nHow common is low back pain?\nLower back pain is very common, with 75% to 85% of Americans getting it at some point in their lives, \naccording to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons\n.\nFor some people, low back pain is chronic, meaning it lasts longer than 12 weeks or frequently returns. About 8% of Americans suffer from chronic low back pain, \naccording to the National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health\n.\nBack to top\nWhat Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain?\nDepending on the cause, people with low back pain may experience one or more of the following symptoms:\nA burning pain.\nA dull ache.\nA sudden, sharp pain.\nDifficulty standing up straight.\nStiffness in the low back.\nWhen should I see a doctor about my low back pain symptoms?\nSee your doctor if your low back pain does not go away after a few weeks, or comes with other concerning symptoms.\nYou should always see a doctor if you have:\nLow back pain after a fall or other injury, which could suggest a fracture.\nLower back pain that occurs with a fever or weight loss. This could be a sign of a more serious health problem.\nLower back pain that shoots down the leg.\nProblems with bladder or bowel control. This may mean something is compressing the nerves in the spine and requires medical attention to avoid nerve damage.\nSevere back pain, such as pain that interferes with sleep or makes focusing at work or school challenging.\nWeakness, numbness, or tingling in one or both legs, which could be due to nerve compression.\nBack to top\nHow Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain?\nMany providers can diagnose low back pain. You might see your \nprimary care doctor\n, a physical therapist specializing in spine, a \nsports medicine doctor\n, or a surgeon.\nTo diagnose lower back pain, your doctor will ask when the pain started. They will want to know how the pain feels — sharp, burning, or aching — and what makes it better or worse. They will also ask about your daily activities to see if your lifestyle may contribute to your back pain.\nYour doctor may ask you to walk or do specific exercises. They may have you lie on a table while they move your legs to see how this affects your pain. They may also examine your lower back and legs to check for signs of swelling or weakness.\nMost cases of low back pain do not need imaging tests. Doctors can often diagnose the cause based on your symptoms, lifestyle factors, and the physical exam.\nTests to diagnose low back pain\nFor back pain that does not go away, is very severe, or comes with other concerning symptoms, your doctor may order tests.\nThey will choose which test to run based on whether the problem seems related to the bones or soft tissues.\nOptions include:\nBone density study\n — To help diagnose osteoporosis.\nBone scan \n— Uses a radioactive tracer to look for breaks, infections, or tumors that don't show up on an x-ray.\nCT scan\n.\nElectromyography and nerve conduction velocity tests \n— Measure how electrical signals travel from the nerves in your back to other parts of your body.\nMRI.\nX-ray\n.\nBack to top\nHow Do You Treat Low Back Pain?\nTreatment for low back pain depends on what is causing it. In many cases, low back pain requires more than one type of therapy.\nDoctors usually start with lifestyle changes and medication, only considering surgery if those do not work. The goal of treatment is to dramatically reduce back pain and, ideally, resolve it completely.\nLifestyle changes for low back pain\nYour doctor will discuss your lifestyle and suggest changes you can make to reduce your back pain.\nThese may include:\nAdjusting how you lift heavy objects.\nChanging your sitting and standing posture.\nLosing weight.\nStretching and exercising regularly.\nUsing an ergonomic chair and sleeping on a firm mattress.\nMedicines for low back pain\nYour doctor may suggest over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medicines. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are helpful for lower back pain but may not be appropriate for everyone.\nPhysical therapy for low back pain\nA primary spine practitioner is a physical therapist specializing in the spine. They will teach you exercises to strengthen specific muscles in your back, abdomen, glutes, and legs. Over time, this will improve the support for your spine and prevent pain.\nRest for low back pain\nYour doctor may advise you to only sit or stand for a certain amount of time each day. They may also tell you to avoid specific movements, like lifting, and avoid sports until your pain resolves.\nSteroid injections for low back pain\nFor pain that shoots from the lower back down the leg, known as sciatica, steroid injections can help. Studies show steroid injections at the base of the spine can improve pain for about a month or so. These injections can help in combination with lifestyle changes, which may take longer to work.\nSurgery for low back pain\nSometimes, lower back pain requires surgery. Doctors only recommend surgery when other treatments do not work, or if needed to avoid nerve damage.\nVarious surgical techniques can help to stabilize the spine and prevent pain.\nFor example, the surgeon may replace worn or damaged discs that do not stay in place or properly cushion the vertebrae. They may fuse parts of the vertebrae together to make the spine more stable. They can also remove bone spurs that can grow in the spine and compress nerves.\nWhile surgery can relieve pain for some, it carries risks, including infection and nerve damage. It also has a long recovery time, taking about six weeks before people can return to light activity. This is why doctors only suggest surgery when it is likely to be successful and is necessary.\nOther remedies\nSome people find relief in remedies like massage, acupuncture, or heat (from a hot bath or heating pad). Psychological services can help when stress adds to low back pain or \ndepression\n makes lifestyle changes difficult.\nBack to top\nBy\nUPMC Editorial Team\n.\n        Reviewed on 2024-06-11.","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to Content](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain)\n\n[800-533-8762](tel:18005338762)\n\n- [Careers](https:\/\/careers.upmc.com\/ \"Learn more about careers and job openings at UPMC.\")\n- [Newsroom](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/media)\n- [Health Care Professionals](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/healthcare-professionals)\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/about)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/contact \"Contact UPMC\")\n\nSearch\n\n[![UPMC](https:\/\/dam.upmc.com\/-\/media\/upmc\/logos\/upmclogosvg.svg?rev=6e15279b3cfe411a82abaedff1c6c617)](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/ \"UPMC\")\n\n- [Find a Doctor](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/providers)\n- [Services](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain)\n  - [Frequently Searched Services](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#frequentlysearchedservices)\n  - 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You should see a doctor for low back pain that persists, is severe, or could mean nerve compression.\n\nUPMC offers many treatments for low back pain, including pain medication, steroid injections, physical therapy, lifestyle management, and surgery.\n\n## Looking for Low Back Pain Care?\nRelated services:\n\n- [Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine.](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics \"Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine.\")\n- [Primary Care.](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/primary-care \"Primary Care.\")\n- [Spine Care.](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/spine \"Spine Care.\")\n- [Walk-In Care.](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/walk-in \"Walk-In Care.\")\n\n[Find a Provider](https:\/\/providers.upmc.com\/search?clinical_keywords=low+back+pain&sort=relevance%2Cnetworks%2Cavailability_density_best \"Find a Provider\")\n\n### On this page:\n- [What Is Low Back Pain?](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#OverviewSection \"What Is Low Back Pain? \")\n- [What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain?](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#MedicalSignOrSymptom \"What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain?\")\n- [How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain?](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#diagnosis \"How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain?\")\n- [How Do You Treat Low Back Pain?](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#possibleTreatment \"How Do You Treat Low Back Pain?\")\n\n## What Is Low Back Pain?\nLow back pain can feel like a stabbing, burning, or aching pain. It can be constant or come and go during the course of the day.\n\nWhile most low back pain resolves over time, episodes of low back pain often return. You can treat and prevent low back pain with lifestyle changes and care from your doctor.\n\n### What causes lower back pain?\nLow back pain can have many causes, such as:\n\n- A herniated disc.\n- A sprain or strain from overuse, repeated movements, or a single, awkward movement.\n- A tumor (this is a rare).\n- An infection (this is rare).\n- Ankylosing spondylitis.\n- [Arthritis.](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/primary-care\/conditions\/arthritis \"Learn more about arthritis.\")\n- Lumbar spinal stenosis.\n- [Osteoporosis.](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/endocrinology\/conditions\/osteoporosis \"Learn more about osteoporosis..\")\n- [Scoliosis](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/neurosurgery\/spine\/conditions\/spinal-deformities\/scoliosis \"Learn more about scoliosis.\"), or a curve of the spine.\n\nYour low back pain could also be from something not listed above.\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\n### Lower back pain risk factors\nLow back pain is more likely in people over age 30. Chronic low back pain is especially common between the ages of 50 and 60, [according to the National Library of Medicine.](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4603263\/ \"Learn more from this source.\")\n\nBesides age, your lifestyle can contribute to low back pain.\n\nCertain risk factors can make lower back pain more likely, including:\n\n- A lack of exercise, as weak muscles in the abdomen and back can increase the risk of low back strain.\n- A misalignment in the bones of your spine, or vertebrae, due to an injury or genetics.\n- Age, especially if you're over 30.\n- Being overweight.\n- Engaging in frequent repetitive movements that put pressure on the lower back, like lifting, pushing, pulling, or twisting movements.\n- Having poor posture.\n- Sitting in a poorly designed chair for a long time, or driving for long periods without taking a break.\n- Smoking, which can increase the risk of health issues that cause low back pain, like herniated discs and osteoporosis.\n- Stress, including stress due to depression, anxiety, or poor sleep.\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\n### Complications of lower back pain\nLeft untreated, back pain can worsen over time.\n\nPeople with low back pain may exercise less, increasing their risk of many diseases, including [diabetes](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/primary-care\/conditions\/diabetes \"Learn more about diabetes.\") and heart problems.\n\nLow back pain can also make it hard to engage with friends or family. It can impact your sleep and how well you're able to do your job, and make leisure activities less enjoyable.\n\nLong-term or recurring back pain is a serious health problem that requires expert care.\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\n### Back pain prevention\nYou can help prevent low back pain if you:\n\n- Avoid lifting things that are too heavy. Ask someone to help you.\n- Avoid sitting or standing in one position for too long.\n- Eat a balanced diet to maintain a healthy weight.\n- Sit up straight, with both feet on the floor.\n- Strengthen the muscles in your abdomen, glutes, hips, and lower back. You can search online for exercises to prevent lower back pain or work with a physical therapist.\n- Use an ergonomic chair when sitting for long periods.\n- Use proper lifting technique — bend at the knees and engage the legs when lifting.\n### How common is low back pain?\nLower back pain is very common, with 75% to 85% of Americans getting it at some point in their lives, [according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons](https:\/\/www.aans.org\/Patients\/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments\/Low-Back-Pain \"Learn more from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons.\").\n\nFor some people, low back pain is chronic, meaning it lasts longer than 12 weeks or frequently returns. About 8% of Americans suffer from chronic low back pain, [according to the National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health](https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/research\/research-results\/us-national-survey-identifies-associations-between-chronic-severe-back-pain-and-disability \"Learn more from the National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health.\").\n\n### Low Back Pain: Keep Moving\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\n## What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain?\nDepending on the cause, people with low back pain may experience one or more of the following symptoms:\n\n- A burning pain.\n- A dull ache.\n- A sudden, sharp pain.\n- Difficulty standing up straight.\n- Stiffness in the low back.\n### When should I see a doctor about my low back pain symptoms?\nSee your doctor if your low back pain does not go away after a few weeks, or comes with other concerning symptoms.\n\nYou should always see a doctor if you have:\n\n- Low back pain after a fall or other injury, which could suggest a fracture.\n- Lower back pain that occurs with a fever or weight loss. This could be a sign of a more serious health problem.\n- Lower back pain that shoots down the leg.\n- Problems with bladder or bowel control. This may mean something is compressing the nerves in the spine and requires medical attention to avoid nerve damage.\n- Severe back pain, such as pain that interferes with sleep or makes focusing at work or school challenging.\n- Weakness, numbness, or tingling in one or both legs, which could be due to nerve compression.\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\n## How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain?\nMany providers can diagnose low back pain. You might see your [primary care doctor](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/primary-care \"Learn more about primary care.\"), a physical therapist specializing in spine, a [sports medicine doctor](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/services\/sports-medicine \"Learn more about sports medicine.\"), or a surgeon.\n\nTo diagnose lower back pain, your doctor will ask when the pain started. They will want to know how the pain feels — sharp, burning, or aching — and what makes it better or worse. They will also ask about your daily activities to see if your lifestyle may contribute to your back pain.\n\nYour doctor may ask you to walk or do specific exercises. They may have you lie on a table while they move your legs to see how this affects your pain. They may also examine your lower back and legs to check for signs of swelling or weakness.\n\nMost cases of low back pain do not need imaging tests. Doctors can often diagnose the cause based on your symptoms, lifestyle factors, and the physical exam.\n\n### Tests to diagnose low back pain\nFor back pain that does not go away, is very severe, or comes with other concerning symptoms, your doctor may order tests.\n\nThey will choose which test to run based on whether the problem seems related to the bones or soft tissues.\n\nOptions include:\n\n- **Bone density study** — To help diagnose osteoporosis.\n- **Bone scan** — Uses a radioactive tracer to look for breaks, infections, or tumors that don't show up on an x-ray.\n- [**CT scan**](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/imaging\/services\/ct-scan \"Learn more about CT scans.\")**.**\n- **Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity tests** — Measure how electrical signals travel from the nerves in your back to other parts of your body.\n- **MRI.**\n- [**X-ray**](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/imaging\/services\/x-ray \"Learn more about x-rays.\")**.**\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\n## How Do You Treat Low Back Pain?\nTreatment for low back pain depends on what is causing it. In many cases, low back pain requires more than one type of therapy.\n\nDoctors usually start with lifestyle changes and medication, only considering surgery if those do not work. The goal of treatment is to dramatically reduce back pain and, ideally, resolve it completely.\n\n### Lifestyle changes for low back pain\nYour doctor will discuss your lifestyle and suggest changes you can make to reduce your back pain.\n\nThese may include:\n\n- Adjusting how you lift heavy objects.\n- Changing your sitting and standing posture.\n- Losing weight.\n- Stretching and exercising regularly.\n- Using an ergonomic chair and sleeping on a firm mattress.\n### Medicines for low back pain\nYour doctor may suggest over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medicines. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are helpful for lower back pain but may not be appropriate for everyone.\n\n### Physical therapy for low back pain\nA primary spine practitioner is a physical therapist specializing in the spine. They will teach you exercises to strengthen specific muscles in your back, abdomen, glutes, and legs. Over time, this will improve the support for your spine and prevent pain.\n\n### Rest for low back pain\nYour doctor may advise you to only sit or stand for a certain amount of time each day. They may also tell you to avoid specific movements, like lifting, and avoid sports until your pain resolves.\n\n### Steroid injections for low back pain\nFor pain that shoots from the lower back down the leg, known as sciatica, steroid injections can help. Studies show steroid injections at the base of the spine can improve pain for about a month or so. These injections can help in combination with lifestyle changes, which may take longer to work.\n\n### Surgery for low back pain\nSometimes, lower back pain requires surgery. Doctors only recommend surgery when other treatments do not work, or if needed to avoid nerve damage.\n\nVarious surgical techniques can help to stabilize the spine and prevent pain.\n\nFor example, the surgeon may replace worn or damaged discs that do not stay in place or properly cushion the vertebrae. They may fuse parts of the vertebrae together to make the spine more stable. They can also remove bone spurs that can grow in the spine and compress nerves.\n\nWhile surgery can relieve pain for some, it carries risks, including infection and nerve damage. It also has a long recovery time, taking about six weeks before people can return to light activity. This is why doctors only suggest surgery when it is likely to be successful and is necessary.\n\n### Other remedies\nSome people find relief in remedies like massage, acupuncture, or heat (from a hot bath or heating pad). Psychological services can help when stress adds to low back pain or [depression](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/primary-care\/conditions\/depression \"Learn more about depression.\") makes lifestyle changes difficult.\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\nReferences\n\n- [American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Low back pain.](https:\/\/www.aans.org\/en\/Patients\/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments\/Low-Back-Pain \"Learn more from this source.\")\n- [Dr. Robert Chou. Patient education: Low back pain in adults (Beyond the Basics). UpToDate.](https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/low-back-pain-in-adults-beyond-the-basics \"Learn more from this source.\")\n- [MedlinePlus. Low back pain - acute.](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ency\/article\/007425.htm \"Learn more from this source.\")\n- [MedlinePlus. Low back pain - chronic.](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ency\/article\/007422.htm \"Learn more from this source.\")\n- [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Low back pain.](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/disorders\/back-pain \"Learn more from this source.\")\n- [National Spine Health Foundation. When can I go back to work after back surgery?](https:\/\/spinehealth.org\/article\/when-can-i-go-back-to-work-after-back-surgery\/ \"Learn more from this source.\")\n- [Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Prevent low back pain.](https:\/\/health.gov\/myhealthfinder\/healthy-living\/safety\/prevent-back-pain \"Learn more from this source.\")\n\nBy [UPMC Editorial Team](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/about\/editorial-policy \"Editorial Policy\"). Reviewed on 2024-06-11.\n\n2024-06-11\n\n2026-02-26\n\nLow Back Pain\n\nThe lower back can be affected by problems with the muscles, nerves, bones, discs, or tendons.\n\n[![UPMC](https:\/\/dam.upmc.com\/-\/media\/upmc\/logos\/upmclogosvg.svg?rev=6e15279b3cfe411a82abaedff1c6c617)](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/ \"UPMC\")\n\n200 Lothrop Street Pittsburgh, PA 15213\n\n[412-647-8762](tel:412-647-8762) [800-533-8762](tel:800-533-8762)\n\nPatients And Visitors\n\nPatients And Visitors\n\n- [Find a Doctor](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/providers)\n- [Locations](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/locations \"View a list of UPMC's locations.\")\n- [Pay a Bill](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/patients-visitors\/paying-bill\/bill-pay \"Learn more about paying your bill.\")\n- [Patient & Visitor Resources](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/patients-visitors\/patient-info \"View patient and visitor resources from UPMC.\")\n- [Disabilities Resource 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You should see a doctor for low back pain that persists, is severe, or could mean nerve compression.\n\nUPMC offers many treatments for low back pain, including pain medication, steroid injections, physical therapy, lifestyle management, and surgery.\n\nLooking for Low Back Pain Care?\n\nRelated services:\n\n### On this page:\n- [What Is Low Back Pain?](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#OverviewSection \"What Is Low Back Pain? \")\n- [What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain?](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#MedicalSignOrSymptom \"What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain?\")\n- [How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain?](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#diagnosis \"How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain?\")\n- [How Do You Treat Low Back Pain?](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#possibleTreatment \"How Do You Treat Low Back Pain?\")\n\n## What Is Low Back Pain?\nLow back pain can feel like a stabbing, burning, or aching pain. It can be constant or come and go during the course of the day.\n\nWhile most low back pain resolves over time, episodes of low back pain often return. You can treat and prevent low back pain with lifestyle changes and care from your doctor.\n\n### What causes lower back pain?\nLow back pain can have many causes, such as:\n\n- A herniated disc.\n- A sprain or strain from overuse, repeated movements, or a single, awkward movement.\n- A tumor (this is a rare).\n- An infection (this is rare).\n- Ankylosing spondylitis.\n- [Arthritis.](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/primary-care\/conditions\/arthritis \"Learn more about arthritis.\")\n- Lumbar spinal stenosis.\n- [Osteoporosis.](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/endocrinology\/conditions\/osteoporosis \"Learn more about osteoporosis..\")\n- [Scoliosis](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/neurosurgery\/spine\/conditions\/spinal-deformities\/scoliosis \"Learn more about scoliosis.\"), or a curve of the spine.\n\nYour low back pain could also be from something not listed above.\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\n### Lower back pain risk factors\nLow back pain is more likely in people over age 30. Chronic low back pain is especially common between the ages of 50 and 60, [according to the National Library of Medicine.](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4603263\/ \"Learn more from this source.\")\n\nBesides age, your lifestyle can contribute to low back pain.\n\nCertain risk factors can make lower back pain more likely, including:\n\n- A lack of exercise, as weak muscles in the abdomen and back can increase the risk of low back strain.\n- A misalignment in the bones of your spine, or vertebrae, due to an injury or genetics.\n- Age, especially if you're over 30.\n- Being overweight.\n- Engaging in frequent repetitive movements that put pressure on the lower back, like lifting, pushing, pulling, or twisting movements.\n- Having poor posture.\n- Sitting in a poorly designed chair for a long time, or driving for long periods without taking a break.\n- Smoking, which can increase the risk of health issues that cause low back pain, like herniated discs and osteoporosis.\n- Stress, including stress due to depression, anxiety, or poor sleep.\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\n### Complications of lower back pain\nLeft untreated, back pain can worsen over time.\n\nPeople with low back pain may exercise less, increasing their risk of many diseases, including [diabetes](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/primary-care\/conditions\/diabetes \"Learn more about diabetes.\") and heart problems.\n\nLow back pain can also make it hard to engage with friends or family. It can impact your sleep and how well you're able to do your job, and make leisure activities less enjoyable.\n\nLong-term or recurring back pain is a serious health problem that requires expert care.\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\n### Back pain prevention\nYou can help prevent low back pain if you:\n\n- Avoid lifting things that are too heavy. Ask someone to help you.\n- Avoid sitting or standing in one position for too long.\n- Eat a balanced diet to maintain a healthy weight.\n- Sit up straight, with both feet on the floor.\n- Strengthen the muscles in your abdomen, glutes, hips, and lower back. You can search online for exercises to prevent lower back pain or work with a physical therapist.\n- Use an ergonomic chair when sitting for long periods.\n- Use proper lifting technique — bend at the knees and engage the legs when lifting.\n### How common is low back pain?\nLower back pain is very common, with 75% to 85% of Americans getting it at some point in their lives, [according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons](https:\/\/www.aans.org\/Patients\/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments\/Low-Back-Pain \"Learn more from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons.\").\n\nFor some people, low back pain is chronic, meaning it lasts longer than 12 weeks or frequently returns. About 8% of Americans suffer from chronic low back pain, [according to the National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health](https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/research\/research-results\/us-national-survey-identifies-associations-between-chronic-severe-back-pain-and-disability \"Learn more from the National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health.\").\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\n## What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain?\nDepending on the cause, people with low back pain may experience one or more of the following symptoms:\n\n- A burning pain.\n- A dull ache.\n- A sudden, sharp pain.\n- Difficulty standing up straight.\n- Stiffness in the low back.\n### When should I see a doctor about my low back pain symptoms?\nSee your doctor if your low back pain does not go away after a few weeks, or comes with other concerning symptoms.\n\nYou should always see a doctor if you have:\n\n- Low back pain after a fall or other injury, which could suggest a fracture.\n- Lower back pain that occurs with a fever or weight loss. This could be a sign of a more serious health problem.\n- Lower back pain that shoots down the leg.\n- Problems with bladder or bowel control. This may mean something is compressing the nerves in the spine and requires medical attention to avoid nerve damage.\n- Severe back pain, such as pain that interferes with sleep or makes focusing at work or school challenging.\n- Weakness, numbness, or tingling in one or both legs, which could be due to nerve compression.\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\n## How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain?\nMany providers can diagnose low back pain. You might see your [primary care doctor](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/primary-care \"Learn more about primary care.\"), a physical therapist specializing in spine, a [sports medicine doctor](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/services\/sports-medicine \"Learn more about sports medicine.\"), or a surgeon.\n\nTo diagnose lower back pain, your doctor will ask when the pain started. They will want to know how the pain feels — sharp, burning, or aching — and what makes it better or worse. They will also ask about your daily activities to see if your lifestyle may contribute to your back pain.\n\nYour doctor may ask you to walk or do specific exercises. They may have you lie on a table while they move your legs to see how this affects your pain. They may also examine your lower back and legs to check for signs of swelling or weakness.\n\nMost cases of low back pain do not need imaging tests. Doctors can often diagnose the cause based on your symptoms, lifestyle factors, and the physical exam.\n\n### Tests to diagnose low back pain\nFor back pain that does not go away, is very severe, or comes with other concerning symptoms, your doctor may order tests.\n\nThey will choose which test to run based on whether the problem seems related to the bones or soft tissues.\n\nOptions include:\n\n- **Bone density study** — To help diagnose osteoporosis.\n- **Bone scan** — Uses a radioactive tracer to look for breaks, infections, or tumors that don't show up on an x-ray.\n- [**CT scan**](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/imaging\/services\/ct-scan \"Learn more about CT scans.\")**.**\n- **Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity tests** — Measure how electrical signals travel from the nerves in your back to other parts of your body.\n- **MRI.**\n- [**X-ray**](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/imaging\/services\/x-ray \"Learn more about x-rays.\")**.**\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\n## How Do You Treat Low Back Pain?\nTreatment for low back pain depends on what is causing it. In many cases, low back pain requires more than one type of therapy.\n\nDoctors usually start with lifestyle changes and medication, only considering surgery if those do not work. The goal of treatment is to dramatically reduce back pain and, ideally, resolve it completely.\n\n### Lifestyle changes for low back pain\nYour doctor will discuss your lifestyle and suggest changes you can make to reduce your back pain.\n\nThese may include:\n\n- Adjusting how you lift heavy objects.\n- Changing your sitting and standing posture.\n- Losing weight.\n- Stretching and exercising regularly.\n- Using an ergonomic chair and sleeping on a firm mattress.\n### Medicines for low back pain\nYour doctor may suggest over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medicines. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are helpful for lower back pain but may not be appropriate for everyone.\n\n### Physical therapy for low back pain\nA primary spine practitioner is a physical therapist specializing in the spine. They will teach you exercises to strengthen specific muscles in your back, abdomen, glutes, and legs. Over time, this will improve the support for your spine and prevent pain.\n\n### Rest for low back pain\nYour doctor may advise you to only sit or stand for a certain amount of time each day. They may also tell you to avoid specific movements, like lifting, and avoid sports until your pain resolves.\n\n### Steroid injections for low back pain\nFor pain that shoots from the lower back down the leg, known as sciatica, steroid injections can help. Studies show steroid injections at the base of the spine can improve pain for about a month or so. These injections can help in combination with lifestyle changes, which may take longer to work.\n\n### Surgery for low back pain\nSometimes, lower back pain requires surgery. Doctors only recommend surgery when other treatments do not work, or if needed to avoid nerve damage.\n\nVarious surgical techniques can help to stabilize the spine and prevent pain.\n\nFor example, the surgeon may replace worn or damaged discs that do not stay in place or properly cushion the vertebrae. They may fuse parts of the vertebrae together to make the spine more stable. They can also remove bone spurs that can grow in the spine and compress nerves.\n\nWhile surgery can relieve pain for some, it carries risks, including infection and nerve damage. It also has a long recovery time, taking about six weeks before people can return to light activity. This is why doctors only suggest surgery when it is likely to be successful and is necessary.\n\n### Other remedies\nSome people find relief in remedies like massage, acupuncture, or heat (from a hot bath or heating pad). Psychological services can help when stress adds to low back pain or [depression](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/primary-care\/conditions\/depression \"Learn more about depression.\") makes lifestyle changes difficult.\n\n[*Back to top*](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/services\/orthopaedics\/conditions\/lower-back-pain#top)\n\nBy [UPMC Editorial Team](https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/about\/editorial-policy \"Editorial Policy\"). Reviewed on 2024-06-11.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Low back pain is a common problem that can have many causes, from muscle strain to a herniated disc. You should see a doctor for low back pain that persists, is severe, or could mean nerve compression. UPMC offers many treatments for low back pain, including pain medication, steroid injections, physical therapy, lifestyle management, and surgery. Looking for Low Back Pain Care? Related services: On this page: What Is Low Back Pain? What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain? How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain? How Do You Treat Low Back Pain? What Is Low Back Pain? Low back pain can feel like a stabbing, burning, or aching pain. It can be constant or come and go during the course of the day. While most low back pain resolves over time, episodes of low back pain often return. You can treat and prevent low back pain with lifestyle changes and care from your doctor. What causes lower back pain? Low back pain can have many causes, such as: A herniated disc. A sprain or strain from overuse, repeated movements, or a single, awkward movement. A tumor (this is a rare). An infection (this is rare). Ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis. Lumbar spinal stenosis. Osteoporosis. Scoliosis , or a curve of the spine. Your low back pain could also be from something not listed above. Back to top Lower back pain risk factors Low back pain is more likely in people over age 30. Chronic low back pain is especially common between the ages of 50 and 60, according to the National Library of Medicine. Besides age, your lifestyle can contribute to low back pain. Certain risk factors can make lower back pain more likely, including: A lack of exercise, as weak muscles in the abdomen and back can increase the risk of low back strain. A misalignment in the bones of your spine, or vertebrae, due to an injury or genetics. Age, especially if you're over 30. Being overweight. Engaging in frequent repetitive movements that put pressure on the lower back, like lifting, pushing, pulling, or twisting movements. Having poor posture. Sitting in a poorly designed chair for a long time, or driving for long periods without taking a break. Smoking, which can increase the risk of health issues that cause low back pain, like herniated discs and osteoporosis. Stress, including stress due to depression, anxiety, or poor sleep. Back to top Complications of lower back pain Left untreated, back pain can worsen over time. People with low back pain may exercise less, increasing their risk of many diseases, including diabetes and heart problems. Low back pain can also make it hard to engage with friends or family. It can impact your sleep and how well you're able to do your job, and make leisure activities less enjoyable. Long-term or recurring back pain is a serious health problem that requires expert care. Back to top Back pain prevention You can help prevent low back pain if you: Avoid lifting things that are too heavy. Ask someone to help you. Avoid sitting or standing in one position for too long. Eat a balanced diet to maintain a healthy weight. Sit up straight, with both feet on the floor. Strengthen the muscles in your abdomen, glutes, hips, and lower back. You can search online for exercises to prevent lower back pain or work with a physical therapist. Use an ergonomic chair when sitting for long periods. Use proper lifting technique — bend at the knees and engage the legs when lifting. How common is low back pain? Lower back pain is very common, with 75% to 85% of Americans getting it at some point in their lives, according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons . For some people, low back pain is chronic, meaning it lasts longer than 12 weeks or frequently returns. About 8% of Americans suffer from chronic low back pain, according to the National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health . Back to top What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain? Depending on the cause, people with low back pain may experience one or more of the following symptoms: A burning pain. A dull ache. A sudden, sharp pain. Difficulty standing up straight. Stiffness in the low back. When should I see a doctor about my low back pain symptoms? See your doctor if your low back pain does not go away after a few weeks, or comes with other concerning symptoms. You should always see a doctor if you have: Low back pain after a fall or other injury, which could suggest a fracture. Lower back pain that occurs with a fever or weight loss. This could be a sign of a more serious health problem. Lower back pain that shoots down the leg. Problems with bladder or bowel control. This may mean something is compressing the nerves in the spine and requires medical attention to avoid nerve damage. Severe back pain, such as pain that interferes with sleep or makes focusing at work or school challenging. Weakness, numbness, or tingling in one or both legs, which could be due to nerve compression. Back to top How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain? Many providers can diagnose low back pain. You might see your primary care doctor , a physical therapist specializing in spine, a sports medicine doctor , or a surgeon. To diagnose lower back pain, your doctor will ask when the pain started. They will want to know how the pain feels — sharp, burning, or aching — and what makes it better or worse. They will also ask about your daily activities to see if your lifestyle may contribute to your back pain. Your doctor may ask you to walk or do specific exercises. They may have you lie on a table while they move your legs to see how this affects your pain. They may also examine your lower back and legs to check for signs of swelling or weakness. Most cases of low back pain do not need imaging tests. Doctors can often diagnose the cause based on your symptoms, lifestyle factors, and the physical exam. Tests to diagnose low back pain For back pain that does not go away, is very severe, or comes with other concerning symptoms, your doctor may order tests. They will choose which test to run based on whether the problem seems related to the bones or soft tissues. Options include: Bone density study — To help diagnose osteoporosis. Bone scan — Uses a radioactive tracer to look for breaks, infections, or tumors that don't show up on an x-ray. CT scan . Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity tests — Measure how electrical signals travel from the nerves in your back to other parts of your body. MRI. X-ray . Back to top How Do You Treat Low Back Pain? Treatment for low back pain depends on what is causing it. In many cases, low back pain requires more than one type of therapy. Doctors usually start with lifestyle changes and medication, only considering surgery if those do not work. The goal of treatment is to dramatically reduce back pain and, ideally, resolve it completely. Lifestyle changes for low back pain Your doctor will discuss your lifestyle and suggest changes you can make to reduce your back pain. These may include: Adjusting how you lift heavy objects. Changing your sitting and standing posture. Losing weight. Stretching and exercising regularly. Using an ergonomic chair and sleeping on a firm mattress. Medicines for low back pain Your doctor may suggest over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medicines. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are helpful for lower back pain but may not be appropriate for everyone. Physical therapy for low back pain A primary spine practitioner is a physical therapist specializing in the spine. They will teach you exercises to strengthen specific muscles in your back, abdomen, glutes, and legs. Over time, this will improve the support for your spine and prevent pain. Rest for low back pain Your doctor may advise you to only sit or stand for a certain amount of time each day. They may also tell you to avoid specific movements, like lifting, and avoid sports until your pain resolves. Steroid injections for low back pain For pain that shoots from the lower back down the leg, known as sciatica, steroid injections can help. Studies show steroid injections at the base of the spine can improve pain for about a month or so. These injections can help in combination with lifestyle changes, which may take longer to work. Surgery for low back pain Sometimes, lower back pain requires surgery. Doctors only recommend surgery when other treatments do not work, or if needed to avoid nerve damage. Various surgical techniques can help to stabilize the spine and prevent pain. For example, the surgeon may replace worn or damaged discs that do not stay in place or properly cushion the vertebrae. They may fuse parts of the vertebrae together to make the spine more stable. They can also remove bone spurs that can grow in the spine and compress nerves. While surgery can relieve pain for some, it carries risks, including infection and nerve damage. It also has a long recovery time, taking about six weeks before people can return to light activity. This is why doctors only suggest surgery when it is likely to be successful and is necessary. Other remedies Some people find relief in remedies like massage, acupuncture, or heat (from a hot bath or heating pad). Psychological services can help when stress adds to low back pain or depression makes lifestyle changes difficult. Back to top By UPMC Editorial Team . Reviewed on 2024-06-11.
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You should see a doctor for low back pain that persists, is severe, or could mean nerve compression. UPMC offers many treatments for low back pain, including pain medication, steroid injections, physical therapy, lifestyle management, and surgery. ## Looking for Low Back Pain Care? Related services: - [Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine.](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics "Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine.") - [Primary Care.](https://www.upmc.com/services/primary-care "Primary Care.") - [Spine Care.](https://www.upmc.com/services/spine "Spine Care.") - [Walk-In Care.](https://www.upmc.com/services/walk-in "Walk-In Care.") [Find a Provider](https://providers.upmc.com/search?clinical_keywords=low+back+pain&sort=relevance%2Cnetworks%2Cavailability_density_best "Find a Provider") ### On this page: - [What Is Low Back Pain?](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#OverviewSection "What Is Low Back Pain? ") - [What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain?](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#MedicalSignOrSymptom "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain?") - [How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain?](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#diagnosis "How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain?") - [How Do You Treat Low Back Pain?](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#possibleTreatment "How Do You Treat Low Back Pain?") ## What Is Low Back Pain? Low back pain can feel like a stabbing, burning, or aching pain. It can be constant or come and go during the course of the day. While most low back pain resolves over time, episodes of low back pain often return. You can treat and prevent low back pain with lifestyle changes and care from your doctor. ### What causes lower back pain? Low back pain can have many causes, such as: - A herniated disc. - A sprain or strain from overuse, repeated movements, or a single, awkward movement. - A tumor (this is a rare). - An infection (this is rare). - Ankylosing spondylitis. - [Arthritis.](https://www.upmc.com/services/primary-care/conditions/arthritis "Learn more about arthritis.") - Lumbar spinal stenosis. - [Osteoporosis.](https://www.upmc.com/services/endocrinology/conditions/osteoporosis "Learn more about osteoporosis..") - [Scoliosis](https://www.upmc.com/services/neurosurgery/spine/conditions/spinal-deformities/scoliosis "Learn more about scoliosis."), or a curve of the spine. Your low back pain could also be from something not listed above. [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) ### Lower back pain risk factors Low back pain is more likely in people over age 30. Chronic low back pain is especially common between the ages of 50 and 60, [according to the National Library of Medicine.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4603263/ "Learn more from this source.") Besides age, your lifestyle can contribute to low back pain. Certain risk factors can make lower back pain more likely, including: - A lack of exercise, as weak muscles in the abdomen and back can increase the risk of low back strain. - A misalignment in the bones of your spine, or vertebrae, due to an injury or genetics. - Age, especially if you're over 30. - Being overweight. - Engaging in frequent repetitive movements that put pressure on the lower back, like lifting, pushing, pulling, or twisting movements. - Having poor posture. - Sitting in a poorly designed chair for a long time, or driving for long periods without taking a break. - Smoking, which can increase the risk of health issues that cause low back pain, like herniated discs and osteoporosis. - Stress, including stress due to depression, anxiety, or poor sleep. [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) ### Complications of lower back pain Left untreated, back pain can worsen over time. People with low back pain may exercise less, increasing their risk of many diseases, including [diabetes](https://www.upmc.com/services/primary-care/conditions/diabetes "Learn more about diabetes.") and heart problems. Low back pain can also make it hard to engage with friends or family. It can impact your sleep and how well you're able to do your job, and make leisure activities less enjoyable. Long-term or recurring back pain is a serious health problem that requires expert care. [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) ### Back pain prevention You can help prevent low back pain if you: - Avoid lifting things that are too heavy. Ask someone to help you. - Avoid sitting or standing in one position for too long. - Eat a balanced diet to maintain a healthy weight. - Sit up straight, with both feet on the floor. - Strengthen the muscles in your abdomen, glutes, hips, and lower back. You can search online for exercises to prevent lower back pain or work with a physical therapist. - Use an ergonomic chair when sitting for long periods. - Use proper lifting technique — bend at the knees and engage the legs when lifting. ### How common is low back pain? Lower back pain is very common, with 75% to 85% of Americans getting it at some point in their lives, [according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons](https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Low-Back-Pain "Learn more from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons."). For some people, low back pain is chronic, meaning it lasts longer than 12 weeks or frequently returns. About 8% of Americans suffer from chronic low back pain, [according to the National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health](https://www.nccih.nih.gov/research/research-results/us-national-survey-identifies-associations-between-chronic-severe-back-pain-and-disability "Learn more from the National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health."). ### Low Back Pain: Keep Moving [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) ## What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain? Depending on the cause, people with low back pain may experience one or more of the following symptoms: - A burning pain. - A dull ache. - A sudden, sharp pain. - Difficulty standing up straight. - Stiffness in the low back. ### When should I see a doctor about my low back pain symptoms? See your doctor if your low back pain does not go away after a few weeks, or comes with other concerning symptoms. You should always see a doctor if you have: - Low back pain after a fall or other injury, which could suggest a fracture. - Lower back pain that occurs with a fever or weight loss. This could be a sign of a more serious health problem. - Lower back pain that shoots down the leg. - Problems with bladder or bowel control. This may mean something is compressing the nerves in the spine and requires medical attention to avoid nerve damage. - Severe back pain, such as pain that interferes with sleep or makes focusing at work or school challenging. - Weakness, numbness, or tingling in one or both legs, which could be due to nerve compression. [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) ## How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain? Many providers can diagnose low back pain. You might see your [primary care doctor](https://www.upmc.com/services/primary-care "Learn more about primary care."), a physical therapist specializing in spine, a [sports medicine doctor](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/services/sports-medicine "Learn more about sports medicine."), or a surgeon. To diagnose lower back pain, your doctor will ask when the pain started. They will want to know how the pain feels — sharp, burning, or aching — and what makes it better or worse. They will also ask about your daily activities to see if your lifestyle may contribute to your back pain. Your doctor may ask you to walk or do specific exercises. They may have you lie on a table while they move your legs to see how this affects your pain. They may also examine your lower back and legs to check for signs of swelling or weakness. Most cases of low back pain do not need imaging tests. Doctors can often diagnose the cause based on your symptoms, lifestyle factors, and the physical exam. ### Tests to diagnose low back pain For back pain that does not go away, is very severe, or comes with other concerning symptoms, your doctor may order tests. They will choose which test to run based on whether the problem seems related to the bones or soft tissues. Options include: - Bone density study — To help diagnose osteoporosis. - Bone scan — Uses a radioactive tracer to look for breaks, infections, or tumors that don't show up on an x-ray. - [CT scan](https://www.upmc.com/services/imaging/services/ct-scan "Learn more about CT scans."). - Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity tests — Measure how electrical signals travel from the nerves in your back to other parts of your body. - MRI. - [X-ray](https://www.upmc.com/services/imaging/services/x-ray "Learn more about x-rays."). [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) ## How Do You Treat Low Back Pain? Treatment for low back pain depends on what is causing it. In many cases, low back pain requires more than one type of therapy. Doctors usually start with lifestyle changes and medication, only considering surgery if those do not work. The goal of treatment is to dramatically reduce back pain and, ideally, resolve it completely. ### Lifestyle changes for low back pain Your doctor will discuss your lifestyle and suggest changes you can make to reduce your back pain. These may include: - Adjusting how you lift heavy objects. - Changing your sitting and standing posture. - Losing weight. - Stretching and exercising regularly. - Using an ergonomic chair and sleeping on a firm mattress. ### Medicines for low back pain Your doctor may suggest over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medicines. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are helpful for lower back pain but may not be appropriate for everyone. ### Physical therapy for low back pain A primary spine practitioner is a physical therapist specializing in the spine. They will teach you exercises to strengthen specific muscles in your back, abdomen, glutes, and legs. Over time, this will improve the support for your spine and prevent pain. ### Rest for low back pain Your doctor may advise you to only sit or stand for a certain amount of time each day. They may also tell you to avoid specific movements, like lifting, and avoid sports until your pain resolves. ### Steroid injections for low back pain For pain that shoots from the lower back down the leg, known as sciatica, steroid injections can help. Studies show steroid injections at the base of the spine can improve pain for about a month or so. These injections can help in combination with lifestyle changes, which may take longer to work. ### Surgery for low back pain Sometimes, lower back pain requires surgery. Doctors only recommend surgery when other treatments do not work, or if needed to avoid nerve damage. Various surgical techniques can help to stabilize the spine and prevent pain. For example, the surgeon may replace worn or damaged discs that do not stay in place or properly cushion the vertebrae. They may fuse parts of the vertebrae together to make the spine more stable. They can also remove bone spurs that can grow in the spine and compress nerves. While surgery can relieve pain for some, it carries risks, including infection and nerve damage. It also has a long recovery time, taking about six weeks before people can return to light activity. This is why doctors only suggest surgery when it is likely to be successful and is necessary. ### Other remedies Some people find relief in remedies like massage, acupuncture, or heat (from a hot bath or heating pad). Psychological services can help when stress adds to low back pain or [depression](https://www.upmc.com/services/primary-care/conditions/depression "Learn more about depression.") makes lifestyle changes difficult. [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) References - [American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Low back pain.](https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Low-Back-Pain "Learn more from this source.") - [Dr. Robert Chou. Patient education: Low back pain in adults (Beyond the Basics). UpToDate.](https://www.uptodate.com/contents/low-back-pain-in-adults-beyond-the-basics "Learn more from this source.") - [MedlinePlus. Low back pain - acute.](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007425.htm "Learn more from this source.") - [MedlinePlus. Low back pain - chronic.](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007422.htm "Learn more from this source.") - [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Low back pain.](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/back-pain "Learn more from this source.") - [National Spine Health Foundation. When can I go back to work after back surgery?](https://spinehealth.org/article/when-can-i-go-back-to-work-after-back-surgery/ "Learn more from this source.") - [Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Prevent low back pain.](https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/safety/prevent-back-pain "Learn more from this source.") By [UPMC Editorial Team](https://www.upmc.com/about/editorial-policy "Editorial Policy"). Reviewed on 2024-06-11. 2024-06-11 2026-02-26 Low Back Pain The lower back can be affected by problems with the muscles, nerves, bones, discs, or tendons. 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Readable Markdown	Low back pain is a common problem that can have many causes, from muscle strain to a herniated disc. You should see a doctor for low back pain that persists, is severe, or could mean nerve compression. UPMC offers many treatments for low back pain, including pain medication, steroid injections, physical therapy, lifestyle management, and surgery. Looking for Low Back Pain Care? Related services: ### On this page: - [What Is Low Back Pain?](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#OverviewSection "What Is Low Back Pain? ") - [What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain?](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#MedicalSignOrSymptom "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain?") - [How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain?](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#diagnosis "How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain?") - [How Do You Treat Low Back Pain?](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#possibleTreatment "How Do You Treat Low Back Pain?") ## What Is Low Back Pain? Low back pain can feel like a stabbing, burning, or aching pain. It can be constant or come and go during the course of the day. While most low back pain resolves over time, episodes of low back pain often return. You can treat and prevent low back pain with lifestyle changes and care from your doctor. ### What causes lower back pain? Low back pain can have many causes, such as: - A herniated disc. - A sprain or strain from overuse, repeated movements, or a single, awkward movement. - A tumor (this is a rare). - An infection (this is rare). - Ankylosing spondylitis. - [Arthritis.](https://www.upmc.com/services/primary-care/conditions/arthritis "Learn more about arthritis.") - Lumbar spinal stenosis. - [Osteoporosis.](https://www.upmc.com/services/endocrinology/conditions/osteoporosis "Learn more about osteoporosis..") - [Scoliosis](https://www.upmc.com/services/neurosurgery/spine/conditions/spinal-deformities/scoliosis "Learn more about scoliosis."), or a curve of the spine. Your low back pain could also be from something not listed above. [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) ### Lower back pain risk factors Low back pain is more likely in people over age 30. Chronic low back pain is especially common between the ages of 50 and 60, [according to the National Library of Medicine.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4603263/ "Learn more from this source.") Besides age, your lifestyle can contribute to low back pain. Certain risk factors can make lower back pain more likely, including: - A lack of exercise, as weak muscles in the abdomen and back can increase the risk of low back strain. - A misalignment in the bones of your spine, or vertebrae, due to an injury or genetics. - Age, especially if you're over 30. - Being overweight. - Engaging in frequent repetitive movements that put pressure on the lower back, like lifting, pushing, pulling, or twisting movements. - Having poor posture. - Sitting in a poorly designed chair for a long time, or driving for long periods without taking a break. - Smoking, which can increase the risk of health issues that cause low back pain, like herniated discs and osteoporosis. - Stress, including stress due to depression, anxiety, or poor sleep. [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) ### Complications of lower back pain Left untreated, back pain can worsen over time. People with low back pain may exercise less, increasing their risk of many diseases, including [diabetes](https://www.upmc.com/services/primary-care/conditions/diabetes "Learn more about diabetes.") and heart problems. Low back pain can also make it hard to engage with friends or family. It can impact your sleep and how well you're able to do your job, and make leisure activities less enjoyable. Long-term or recurring back pain is a serious health problem that requires expert care. [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) ### Back pain prevention You can help prevent low back pain if you: - Avoid lifting things that are too heavy. Ask someone to help you. - Avoid sitting or standing in one position for too long. - Eat a balanced diet to maintain a healthy weight. - Sit up straight, with both feet on the floor. - Strengthen the muscles in your abdomen, glutes, hips, and lower back. You can search online for exercises to prevent lower back pain or work with a physical therapist. - Use an ergonomic chair when sitting for long periods. - Use proper lifting technique — bend at the knees and engage the legs when lifting. ### How common is low back pain? Lower back pain is very common, with 75% to 85% of Americans getting it at some point in their lives, [according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons](https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Low-Back-Pain "Learn more from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons."). For some people, low back pain is chronic, meaning it lasts longer than 12 weeks or frequently returns. About 8% of Americans suffer from chronic low back pain, [according to the National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health](https://www.nccih.nih.gov/research/research-results/us-national-survey-identifies-associations-between-chronic-severe-back-pain-and-disability "Learn more from the National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health."). [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) ## What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Low Back Pain? Depending on the cause, people with low back pain may experience one or more of the following symptoms: - A burning pain. - A dull ache. - A sudden, sharp pain. - Difficulty standing up straight. - Stiffness in the low back. ### When should I see a doctor about my low back pain symptoms? See your doctor if your low back pain does not go away after a few weeks, or comes with other concerning symptoms. You should always see a doctor if you have: - Low back pain after a fall or other injury, which could suggest a fracture. - Lower back pain that occurs with a fever or weight loss. This could be a sign of a more serious health problem. - Lower back pain that shoots down the leg. - Problems with bladder or bowel control. This may mean something is compressing the nerves in the spine and requires medical attention to avoid nerve damage. - Severe back pain, such as pain that interferes with sleep or makes focusing at work or school challenging. - Weakness, numbness, or tingling in one or both legs, which could be due to nerve compression. [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) ## How Do You Diagnose Lower Back Pain? Many providers can diagnose low back pain. You might see your [primary care doctor](https://www.upmc.com/services/primary-care "Learn more about primary care."), a physical therapist specializing in spine, a [sports medicine doctor](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/services/sports-medicine "Learn more about sports medicine."), or a surgeon. To diagnose lower back pain, your doctor will ask when the pain started. They will want to know how the pain feels — sharp, burning, or aching — and what makes it better or worse. They will also ask about your daily activities to see if your lifestyle may contribute to your back pain. Your doctor may ask you to walk or do specific exercises. They may have you lie on a table while they move your legs to see how this affects your pain. They may also examine your lower back and legs to check for signs of swelling or weakness. Most cases of low back pain do not need imaging tests. Doctors can often diagnose the cause based on your symptoms, lifestyle factors, and the physical exam. ### Tests to diagnose low back pain For back pain that does not go away, is very severe, or comes with other concerning symptoms, your doctor may order tests. They will choose which test to run based on whether the problem seems related to the bones or soft tissues. Options include: - Bone density study — To help diagnose osteoporosis. - Bone scan — Uses a radioactive tracer to look for breaks, infections, or tumors that don't show up on an x-ray. - [CT scan](https://www.upmc.com/services/imaging/services/ct-scan "Learn more about CT scans."). - Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity tests — Measure how electrical signals travel from the nerves in your back to other parts of your body. - MRI. - [X-ray](https://www.upmc.com/services/imaging/services/x-ray "Learn more about x-rays."). [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) ## How Do You Treat Low Back Pain? Treatment for low back pain depends on what is causing it. In many cases, low back pain requires more than one type of therapy. Doctors usually start with lifestyle changes and medication, only considering surgery if those do not work. The goal of treatment is to dramatically reduce back pain and, ideally, resolve it completely. ### Lifestyle changes for low back pain Your doctor will discuss your lifestyle and suggest changes you can make to reduce your back pain. These may include: - Adjusting how you lift heavy objects. - Changing your sitting and standing posture. - Losing weight. - Stretching and exercising regularly. - Using an ergonomic chair and sleeping on a firm mattress. ### Medicines for low back pain Your doctor may suggest over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medicines. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are helpful for lower back pain but may not be appropriate for everyone. ### Physical therapy for low back pain A primary spine practitioner is a physical therapist specializing in the spine. They will teach you exercises to strengthen specific muscles in your back, abdomen, glutes, and legs. Over time, this will improve the support for your spine and prevent pain. ### Rest for low back pain Your doctor may advise you to only sit or stand for a certain amount of time each day. They may also tell you to avoid specific movements, like lifting, and avoid sports until your pain resolves. ### Steroid injections for low back pain For pain that shoots from the lower back down the leg, known as sciatica, steroid injections can help. Studies show steroid injections at the base of the spine can improve pain for about a month or so. These injections can help in combination with lifestyle changes, which may take longer to work. ### Surgery for low back pain Sometimes, lower back pain requires surgery. Doctors only recommend surgery when other treatments do not work, or if needed to avoid nerve damage. Various surgical techniques can help to stabilize the spine and prevent pain. For example, the surgeon may replace worn or damaged discs that do not stay in place or properly cushion the vertebrae. They may fuse parts of the vertebrae together to make the spine more stable. They can also remove bone spurs that can grow in the spine and compress nerves. While surgery can relieve pain for some, it carries risks, including infection and nerve damage. It also has a long recovery time, taking about six weeks before people can return to light activity. This is why doctors only suggest surgery when it is likely to be successful and is necessary. ### Other remedies Some people find relief in remedies like massage, acupuncture, or heat (from a hot bath or heating pad). Psychological services can help when stress adds to low back pain or [depression](https://www.upmc.com/services/primary-care/conditions/depression "Learn more about depression.") makes lifestyle changes difficult. [Back to top](https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/lower-back-pain#top) By [UPMC Editorial Team](https://www.upmc.com/about/editorial-policy "Editorial Policy"). Reviewed on 2024-06-11.
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