🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 141 (from laksa023)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa141.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.spglobal.com/en/explore-s-p-global/careers\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.spglobal.com/en/explore-s-p-global/careers\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers","crawl_time":1776626715,"first_indexed_time":1716038905,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,spglobal!www,\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers s443","src_root_hash":"4232806525572820141","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Careers | S&P Global","meta_descriptions":["We care about our people. That’s why we provide everything you—and your career—need to thrive at S&P Global. Search for jobs at S&P Global now."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Skip to Content\nSkip to Menu\nSkip to Footer\n\/\nCareers\nCareers\nON THIS PAGE\nJoin Our talent community\nReceive emails about S&P Global news and career opportunities, and make your resume available to our recruiters.\nJOIN NOW\nS&P Global Difference\nWhen you put people\nfirst, everything\nelse falls into place\nWe invest in our success as a company by investing in our people. At S&P Global, we’re committed to creating a workplace that works for you. But don’t take our word for it. Hear our global team members talk about what makes the difference for them.\nShot by: Hira\nIslamabad, Pakistan\nS&P Global\nS&P Global provides you the resources to maintain a healthy work-life balance.\nHira  Sabri\nSenior Manager, Commercial & Marketing Technology\nExplore New Worlds\nWith offices all over the globe, where will your passion take you?\nWe take care of you,\nso you can take care of\nbusiness\nBottom line: We care about our people. That’s why we provide everything you—and your career—need to thrive at S&P Global.\nHealth & Wellness\nHealth care coverage designed for the mind and body.\nFlexible Downtime\nGenerous time off helps keep you energized for your time on.\nContinuous Learning\nAccess a wealth of resources to grow your career and learn valuable new skills.\nInvest In Your Future\nSecure your financial future through competitive pay, retirement planning, a continuing education program with a company-matched student loan contribution, and financial wellness programs.\nFamily-Friendly Perks\nIt’s not just about you. S&P Global has perks for your partners and little ones, too, with some best-in class benefits for families.\nBeyond the Basics\nFrom retail discounts to referral incentive awards—small perks can make a big difference.","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to Content](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#skipToContent)   [Skip to Menu](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#skipToMenu)   [Skip to Footer](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#skipToFooter)\n\n[![spglobal](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/sandp-1?$responsive$)](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en)\n\nExplore S\\&P Global\n\nSearch\n\nEN\n\n- [中文 (Chinese)](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/zh)\n\n[Support](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/contact-us)\n\n#### Trending Topics\n- [Look Forward: Multidimensional Transition](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/look-forward\/look-forward-volume-6)\n- [Look Forward: Supply Chain 2024](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/look-forward\/look-forward-volume-5)\n- [AI in Banking: AI Will Be An Incremental Game Changer](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/ai-in-banking-ai-will-be-an-incremental-game-changer)\n- [The Return of Energy Security](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/look-forward\/the-return-of-energy-security)\n- [The AI Governance Challenge](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/the-ai-governance-challenge)\n- [India's Future: The Quest for High and Stable Growth](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/look-forward\/india-s-future-the-quest-for-high-and-stable-growth)\n\n#### Offerings by Division\n- [S\\&P Global Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n- [S\\&P Global Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n- [S\\&P Global Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n- [S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n- [S\\&P Global Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\n- S\\&P Global Offerings\n  ***\n- Featured Topics\n  ***\n- Featured Products\n  ***\n- Events\n  ***\n- Careers\n  ***\n\n### S\\&P Global Offerings\n***\n[![market-intelligence](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/MarketIntelligence-1?$responsive$) Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n\n[![ratings](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/OverviewRatings-1?$responsive$) Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n\n[![energy](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/CommodityInsights-1?$responsive$) Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n\n[![dow-jones-indices](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPDowJonesIndices-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n\n[![mobility](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Mobility-1?$responsive$) Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\n### Featured Topics\n***\n[Sustainability](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/sustainable1\/en)\n\n[Private Markets](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/private-markets)\n\n[Energy Transition](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/energy-transition)\n\n[Credit & Risk](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/credit-risk)\n\n[Fixed Income](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/fixed-income)\n\n[Supply Chain](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/supply-chain)\n\n[Technology & AI](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/technology-ai)\n\n### Featured Products\n***\n[![capital-iq-pro](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPCapitalIQPro-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Capital IQ Pro](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en\/solutions\/products\/sp-capital-iq-pro)\n\n[![energy-core](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/PlattsConnect-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global Energy Core](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/products-solutions\/delivery\/platts-connect)\n\n[![esg-scores](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPGlobalESGScores-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global ESG Scores](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/sustainable1\/en\/solutions\/esg-scores-data)\n\n[![autocreditinsight](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/AutoCreditInsight-1?$responsive$) AutoCreditInsight](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/products\/autocreditinsight.html)\n\n[![ratings360](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Ratings360-1?$responsive$) Ratings360](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/products\/ratings360)\n\n[![spice](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPICETheIndexSourceForESGData-1?$responsive$) SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.spice-indices.com\/)\n\n### Events\n***\n[Featured S\\&P Global Events](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/featured)\n\n[Webinar Replays](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/webinar-replays)\n\n[CERAWeek](https:\/\/ceraweek.com\/index.html)\n\n[S\\&P Global Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en\/events)\n\n[S\\&P Global Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/events)\n\n[S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/events\/in-person\/)\n\n[S\\&P Global Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/events\/index.html?i=Automotive)\n\n[S\\&P Global Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/events)\n\n### Careers\n***\n[Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers)\n\n[Our Culture](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-culture)\n\n[Our Commitment](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-commitment)\n\n[Our Work](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-work)\n\n[Search for a Job](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/)\n\n- [S\\&P Global Home](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en)\n- [Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n- [Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n- [Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n- [S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n- [Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\n- S\\&P Global Offerings\n- Featured Topics\n- Featured Products\n- Events\n- Careers\n\nS\\&P Global Offerings\n\n[![market-intelligence](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/MarketIntelligence-1?$responsive$) Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n\n[![ratings](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/OverviewRatings-1?$responsive$) Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n\n[![energy](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/CommodityInsights-1?$responsive$) Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n\n[![dow-jones-indices](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPDowJonesIndices-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n\n[![mobility](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Mobility-1?$responsive$) Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\nFeatured Topics\n\n[Sustainability](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/sustainable1\/en)\n\n[Private Markets](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/private-markets)\n\n[Energy Transition](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/energy-transition)\n\n[Credit & Risk](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/credit-risk)\n\n[Fixed Income](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/fixed-income)\n\n[Supply Chain](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/supply-chain)\n\n[Technology & AI](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/technology-ai)\n\nFeatured Products\n\n[![capital-iq-pro](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPCapitalIQPro-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Capital IQ Pro](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en\/solutions\/products\/sp-capital-iq-pro)\n\n[![energy-core](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/PlattsConnect-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global Energy Core](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/products-solutions\/delivery\/platts-connect)\n\n[![esg-scores](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPGlobalESGScores-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global ESG Scores](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/sustainable1\/en\/solutions\/esg-scores-data)\n\n[![autocreditinsight](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/AutoCreditInsight-1?$responsive$) AutoCreditInsight](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/products\/autocreditinsight.html)\n\n[![ratings360](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Ratings360-1?$responsive$) Ratings360](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/products\/ratings360)\n\n[![spice](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPICETheIndexSourceForESGData-1?$responsive$) SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.spice-indices.com\/)\n\nEvents\n\n[Featured S\\&P Global Events](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/featured)\n\n[Webinar Replays](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/webinar-replays)\n\n[CERAWeek](https:\/\/ceraweek.com\/index.html)\n\n[S\\&P Global Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en\/events)\n\n[S\\&P Global Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/events)\n\n[S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/events\/in-person\/)\n\n[S\\&P Global Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/events\/index.html?i=Automotive)\n\n[S\\&P Global Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/events)\n\nCareers\n\n[Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers)\n\n[Our Culture](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-culture)\n\n[Our Commitment](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-commitment)\n\n[Our Work](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-work)\n\n[Search for a Job](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/)\n\n- Find Products\n- Research & Insights\n- Who We Are\n\n[Contact Us(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/contact-us)\n\n- Featured Products\n  ***\n- [Data & Analytics](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/data-analytics)\n  ***\n- [Research & Insights](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/research-insights)\n  ***\n- Ratings & Benchmarks\n  ***\n- [Indices (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/)\n  ***\n- [Technology Solutions](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/technology-solutions)\n  ***\n- By Topic\n  ***\n- [See all S\\&P Global Products & Solutions (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.marketplace.spglobal.com\/)\n  ***\n\n### Featured Products\n***\n[![capital-iq-pro](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPCapitalIQPro-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Capital IQ Pro](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en\/solutions\/products\/sp-capital-iq-pro)\n\n[![energy-core](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/PlattsConnect-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global Energy Core](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/products-solutions\/delivery\/platts-connect)\n\n[![esg-scores](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPGlobalESGScores-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global ESG Scores](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/esg\/solutions\/data-intelligence-esg-scores)\n\n[![autocreditinsight](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/AutoCreditInsight-1?$responsive$) AutoCreditInsight](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/products\/autocreditinsight.html)\n\n[![ratings360](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Ratings360-1?$responsive$) Ratings360](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/products\/ratings360)\n\n[![spice](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPICETheIndexSourceForESGData-1?$responsive$) SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data](https:\/\/www.spice-indices.com\/)\n***\n***\n### Ratings & Benchmarks\n***\n[![overview](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/OverviewRatings-1?$responsive$) Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/ratings-benchmarks)\n\n[![find-a-rating](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/FindARating-1?$responsive$) Find a Rating](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/)\n***\n***\n### By Topic\n***\n[Sustainability](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/sustainable1\/en\/solutions)\n\n[Private Markets](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/private-markets)\n\n[Energy Transition](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/energy-transition)\n\n[Credit & Risk](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/credit-risk)\n\n[Fixed Income](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/fixed-income)\n\n[Supply Chain](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/supply-chain)\n\n[Technology & AI](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/technology-ai)\n\n[Automotive Insights](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/automotive-insights\/en)\n***\n\n- [S\\&P Global Home](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en)\n- [Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n- [Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n- [Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n- [S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n- [Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\n- Featured Products\n- [Data & Analytics](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/data-analytics)\n- [Research & Insights](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/research-insights)\n- Ratings & Benchmarks\n- [Indices (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/)\n- [Technology Solutions](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/technology-solutions)\n- By Topic\n- [See all S\\&P Global Products & Solutions (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.marketplace.spglobal.com\/)\n\nFeatured Products\n\n[![capital-iq-pro](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPCapitalIQPro-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Capital IQ Pro](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en\/solutions\/products\/sp-capital-iq-pro)\n\n[![energy-core](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/PlattsConnect-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global Energy Core](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/products-solutions\/delivery\/platts-connect)\n\n[![esg-scores](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPGlobalESGScores-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global ESG Scores](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/esg\/solutions\/data-intelligence-esg-scores)\n\n[![autocreditinsight](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/AutoCreditInsight-1?$responsive$) AutoCreditInsight](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/products\/autocreditinsight.html)\n\n[![ratings360](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Ratings360-1?$responsive$) Ratings360](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/products\/ratings360)\n\n[![spice](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPICETheIndexSourceForESGData-1?$responsive$) SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data](https:\/\/www.spice-indices.com\/)\n\nRatings & Benchmarks\n\n[![overview](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/OverviewRatings-1?$responsive$) Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/ratings-benchmarks)\n\n[![find-a-rating](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/FindARating-1?$responsive$) Find a Rating](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/)\n\nBy Topic\n\n[Sustainability](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/sustainable1\/en\/solutions)\n\n[Private Markets](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/private-markets)\n\n[Energy Transition](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/energy-transition)\n\n[Credit & Risk](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/credit-risk)\n\n[Fixed Income](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/fixed-income)\n\n[Supply Chain](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/supply-chain)\n\n[Technology & AI](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/technology-ai)\n\n[Automotive Insights](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/automotive-insights\/en)\n\n- Market Insights\n  ***\n- [Special Reports](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports)\n  ***\n- Events\n  ***\n- [Podcasts](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/podcasts)\n  ***\n\n### Market Insights\n***\n[![energy-commodities](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0424_energy_commodities?$responsive$) Energy & Commodities](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/energy-commodities)\n\n[![capital-markets](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0417_capitalmarketsbanner?$responsive$) Capital Markets](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/capital-markets)\n\n[![sustainability](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0424_sustainability_banner?$responsive$) Sustainability](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/sustainability)\n\n[![artificial-intelligence](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0114_AIThumbnail?$responsive$) Artificial Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/artificial-intelligence)\n\n[![economy](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0416_economyvertical_horizontal?$responsive$) Economy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/economy)\n\n[![global-trade](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0606_GlobalTradeheader?$responsive$) Global Trade](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/global-trade)\n\n[![technology-innovation](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0417_technologybanner?$responsive$) Technology & Innovation](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/technology-innovation)\n\n[![look-forward](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0721_lookforward?$responsive$) Look Forward](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/look-forward)\n***\n### Events\n***\n[![CERAWeek](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0904_ceraweek2026_1?$responsive$) CERAWeek](https:\/\/ceraweek.com\/)\n\n[![World Petrochemical Conference](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/wpc_banner?$responsive$) World Petrochemical Conference](https:\/\/wpc.spglobal.com\/en)\n\n[![Breakbulk26](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/breakbulk26-flex-event?$responsive$) Breakbulk26](https:\/\/breakbulk.joc.com\/en)\n\n[![featured-events](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/FeaturedSPGlobalEvents-1?$responsive$) Featured S\\&P Global Events](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/featured)\n\n[![webinar-replays](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/WebinarReplays-1?$responsive$) Webinar Replays](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/webinar-replays)\n***\n\n- [S\\&P Global Home](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en)\n- [Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n- [Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n- [Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n- [S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n- [Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\n- Market Insights\n- [Special Reports](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports)\n- Events\n- [Podcasts](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/podcasts)\n\nMarket Insights\n\n[![energy-commodities](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0424_energy_commodities?$responsive$) Energy & Commodities](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/energy-commodities)\n\n[![capital-markets](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0417_capitalmarketsbanner?$responsive$) Capital Markets](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/capital-markets)\n\n[![sustainability](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0424_sustainability_banner?$responsive$) Sustainability](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/sustainability)\n\n[![artificial-intelligence](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0114_AIThumbnail?$responsive$) Artificial Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/artificial-intelligence)\n\n[![economy](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0416_economyvertical_horizontal?$responsive$) Economy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/economy)\n\n[![global-trade](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0606_GlobalTradeheader?$responsive$) Global Trade](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/global-trade)\n\n[![technology-innovation](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0417_technologybanner?$responsive$) Technology & Innovation](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/technology-innovation)\n\n[![look-forward](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0721_lookforward?$responsive$) Look Forward](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/look-forward)\n\nEvents\n\n[![CERAWeek](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0904_ceraweek2026_1?$responsive$) CERAWeek](https:\/\/ceraweek.com\/)\n\n[![World Petrochemical Conference](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/wpc_banner?$responsive$) World Petrochemical Conference](https:\/\/wpc.spglobal.com\/en)\n\n[![Breakbulk26](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/breakbulk26-flex-event?$responsive$) Breakbulk26](https:\/\/breakbulk.joc.com\/en)\n\n[![featured-events](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/FeaturedSPGlobalEvents-1?$responsive$) Featured S\\&P Global Events](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/featured)\n\n[![webinar-replays](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/WebinarReplays-1?$responsive$) Webinar Replays](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/webinar-replays)\n\n- About S\\&P Global\n  ***\n- Corporate Responsibility\n  ***\n- Culture & Engagement\n  ***\n- Investor Relations\n  ***\n\n### About S\\&P Global\n***\n[Our Mission and Values](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/about-sp-global)\n\n[Our Leadership](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/about-sp-global\/our-people\/our-leadership)\n\n[Our Chief Client Office](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/chief-client-office)\n\n[Our History](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/our-history)\n\n[Capabilities](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/capabilities)\n\n### Corporate Responsibility\n***\n[Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility)\n\n[Reports & Policies](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility\/reports-commitments)\n\n[S\\&P Global Foundation](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility\/foundation)\n\n### Culture & Engagement\n***\n[Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/culture-engagement)\n\n[People Resource Groups](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/culture-engagement\/people-resource-groups)\n\n[Search for a Job](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs)\n\n### Investor Relations\n***\n[Overview (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/investor-relations-overview\/)\n\n[Presentations (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/investor-presentations\/default.aspx)\n\n[Investor Fact Book (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/investor-fact-book\/)\n\n[News Releases (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/news-releases\/default.aspx)\n\n[Quarterly Earnings (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/quarterly-earnings\/)\n\n[SEC Filings & Reports (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/sec-filings-reports\/overview\/)\n\n[Executive Committee (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/executive-committee\/)\n\n[Governance (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/corporate-governance\/overview\/)\n\n[Merger Information (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/merger-information\/spglobal-ihsmarkit\/)\n\n[Stocks & Dividends (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/stock-dividends\/stock-quote\/)\n\n[Shareholder Services (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/shareholder-services\/overview\/default.aspx)\n\n[Contact (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/contact-investor-relations\/contact-ir\/default.aspx)\n\n- [S\\&P Global Home](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en)\n- [Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n- [Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n- [Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n- [S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n- [Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\n- About S\\&P Global\n- Corporate Responsibility\n- Culture & Engagement\n- Investor Relations\n\nAbout S\\&P Global\n\n[Our Mission and Values](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/about-sp-global)\n\n[Our Leadership](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/about-sp-global\/our-people\/our-leadership)\n\n[Our Chief Client Office](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/chief-client-office)\n\n[Our History](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/our-history)\n\n[Capabilities](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/capabilities)\n\nCorporate Responsibility\n\n[Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility)\n\n[Reports & Policies](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility\/reports-commitments)\n\n[S\\&P Global Foundation](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility\/foundation)\n\nCulture & Engagement\n\n[Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/culture-engagement)\n\n[People Resource Groups](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/culture-engagement\/people-resource-groups)\n\n[Search for a Job](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs)\n\nInvestor Relations\n\n[Overview (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/investor-relations-overview\/)\n\n[Presentations (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/investor-presentations\/default.aspx)\n\n[Investor Fact Book (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/investor-fact-book\/)\n\n[News Releases (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/news-releases\/default.aspx)\n\n[Quarterly Earnings (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/quarterly-earnings\/)\n\n[SEC Filings & Reports (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/sec-filings-reports\/overview\/)\n\n[Executive Committee (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/executive-committee\/)\n\n[Governance (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/corporate-governance\/overview\/)\n\n[Merger Information (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/merger-information\/spglobal-ihsmarkit\/)\n\n[Stocks & Dividends (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/stock-dividends\/stock-quote\/)\n\n[Shareholder Services (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/shareholder-services\/overview\/default.aspx)\n\n[Contact (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/contact-investor-relations\/contact-ir\/default.aspx)\n\n[![spglobal](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/sandp-1?$responsive$)](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en)\n\nBack\n\nS\\&P Global\n\n- Find Products\n- Research & Insights\n- Who We Are\n- Explore S\\&P Global\n\n- Featured Products\n  ***\n- [Data & Analytics](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/data-analytics)\n  ***\n- [Research & Insights](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/research-insights)\n  ***\n- Ratings & Benchmarks\n  ***\n- [Indices (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/)\n  ***\n- [Technology Solutions](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/technology-solutions)\n  ***\n- By Topic\n  ***\n- [See all S\\&P Global Products & Solutions (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.marketplace.spglobal.com\/)\n  ***\n\n### Featured Products\n***\n[![capital-iq-pro](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPCapitalIQPro-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Capital IQ Pro](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en\/solutions\/products\/sp-capital-iq-pro)\n\n[![energy-core](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/PlattsConnect-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global Energy Core](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/products-solutions\/delivery\/platts-connect)\n\n[![esg-scores](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPGlobalESGScores-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global ESG Scores](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/esg\/solutions\/data-intelligence-esg-scores)\n\n[![autocreditinsight](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/AutoCreditInsight-1?$responsive$) AutoCreditInsight](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/products\/autocreditinsight.html)\n\n[![ratings360](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Ratings360-1?$responsive$) Ratings360](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/products\/ratings360)\n\n[![spice](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPICETheIndexSourceForESGData-1?$responsive$) SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data](https:\/\/www.spice-indices.com\/)\n***\n***\n### Ratings & Benchmarks\n***\n[![overview](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/OverviewRatings-1?$responsive$) Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/ratings-benchmarks)\n\n[![find-a-rating](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/FindARating-1?$responsive$) Find a Rating](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/)\n***\n***\n### By Topic\n***\n[Sustainability](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/sustainable1\/en\/solutions)\n\n[Private Markets](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/private-markets)\n\n[Energy Transition](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/energy-transition)\n\n[Credit & Risk](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/credit-risk)\n\n[Fixed Income](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/fixed-income)\n\n[Supply Chain](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/supply-chain)\n\n[Technology & AI](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/technology-ai)\n\n[Automotive Insights](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/automotive-insights\/en)\n***\n\n- [S\\&P Global Home](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en)\n- [Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n- [Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n- [Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n- [S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n- [Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\n- Featured Products\n- [Data & Analytics](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/data-analytics)\n- [Research & Insights](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/research-insights)\n- Ratings & Benchmarks\n- [Indices (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/)\n- [Technology Solutions](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/technology-solutions)\n- By Topic\n- [See all S\\&P Global Products & Solutions (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.marketplace.spglobal.com\/)\n\nFeatured Products\n\n[![capital-iq-pro](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPCapitalIQPro-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Capital IQ Pro](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en\/solutions\/products\/sp-capital-iq-pro)\n\n[![energy-core](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/PlattsConnect-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global Energy Core](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/products-solutions\/delivery\/platts-connect)\n\n[![esg-scores](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPGlobalESGScores-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global ESG Scores](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/esg\/solutions\/data-intelligence-esg-scores)\n\n[![autocreditinsight](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/AutoCreditInsight-1?$responsive$) AutoCreditInsight](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/products\/autocreditinsight.html)\n\n[![ratings360](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Ratings360-1?$responsive$) Ratings360](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/products\/ratings360)\n\n[![spice](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPICETheIndexSourceForESGData-1?$responsive$) SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data](https:\/\/www.spice-indices.com\/)\n\nRatings & Benchmarks\n\n[![overview](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/OverviewRatings-1?$responsive$) Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/ratings-benchmarks)\n\n[![find-a-rating](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/FindARating-1?$responsive$) Find a Rating](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/)\n\nBy Topic\n\n[Sustainability](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/sustainable1\/en\/solutions)\n\n[Private Markets](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/private-markets)\n\n[Energy Transition](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/energy-transition)\n\n[Credit & Risk](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/credit-risk)\n\n[Fixed Income](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/fixed-income)\n\n[Supply Chain](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/supply-chain)\n\n[Technology & AI](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/technology-ai)\n\n[Automotive Insights](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/automotive-insights\/en)\n\n- Market Insights\n  ***\n- [Special Reports](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports)\n  ***\n- Events\n  ***\n- [Podcasts](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/podcasts)\n  ***\n\n### Market Insights\n***\n[![energy-commodities](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0424_energy_commodities?$responsive$) Energy & Commodities](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/energy-commodities)\n\n[![capital-markets](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0417_capitalmarketsbanner?$responsive$) Capital Markets](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/capital-markets)\n\n[![sustainability](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0424_sustainability_banner?$responsive$) Sustainability](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/sustainability)\n\n[![artificial-intelligence](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0114_AIThumbnail?$responsive$) Artificial Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/artificial-intelligence)\n\n[![economy](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0416_economyvertical_horizontal?$responsive$) Economy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/economy)\n\n[![global-trade](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0606_GlobalTradeheader?$responsive$) Global Trade](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/global-trade)\n\n[![technology-innovation](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0417_technologybanner?$responsive$) Technology & Innovation](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/technology-innovation)\n\n[![look-forward](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0721_lookforward?$responsive$) Look Forward](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/look-forward)\n***\n### Events\n***\n[![CERAWeek](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0904_ceraweek2026_1?$responsive$) CERAWeek](https:\/\/ceraweek.com\/)\n\n[![World Petrochemical Conference](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/wpc_banner?$responsive$) World Petrochemical Conference](https:\/\/wpc.spglobal.com\/en)\n\n[![Breakbulk26](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/breakbulk26-flex-event?$responsive$) Breakbulk26](https:\/\/breakbulk.joc.com\/en)\n\n[![featured-events](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/FeaturedSPGlobalEvents-1?$responsive$) Featured S\\&P Global Events](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/featured)\n\n[![webinar-replays](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/WebinarReplays-1?$responsive$) Webinar Replays](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/webinar-replays)\n***\n\n- [S\\&P Global Home](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en)\n- [Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n- [Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n- [Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n- [S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n- [Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\n- Market Insights\n- [Special Reports](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports)\n- Events\n- [Podcasts](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/podcasts)\n\nMarket Insights\n\n[![energy-commodities](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0424_energy_commodities?$responsive$) Energy & Commodities](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/energy-commodities)\n\n[![capital-markets](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0417_capitalmarketsbanner?$responsive$) Capital Markets](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/capital-markets)\n\n[![sustainability](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0424_sustainability_banner?$responsive$) Sustainability](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/sustainability)\n\n[![artificial-intelligence](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0114_AIThumbnail?$responsive$) Artificial Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/artificial-intelligence)\n\n[![economy](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0416_economyvertical_horizontal?$responsive$) Economy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/economy)\n\n[![global-trade](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0606_GlobalTradeheader?$responsive$) Global Trade](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/global-trade)\n\n[![technology-innovation](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0417_technologybanner?$responsive$) Technology & Innovation](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/market-insights\/technology-innovation)\n\n[![look-forward](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0721_lookforward?$responsive$) Look Forward](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/look-forward)\n\nEvents\n\n[![CERAWeek](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/corp_0904_ceraweek2026_1?$responsive$) CERAWeek](https:\/\/ceraweek.com\/)\n\n[![World Petrochemical Conference](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/wpc_banner?$responsive$) World Petrochemical Conference](https:\/\/wpc.spglobal.com\/en)\n\n[![Breakbulk26](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/breakbulk26-flex-event?$responsive$) Breakbulk26](https:\/\/breakbulk.joc.com\/en)\n\n[![featured-events](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/FeaturedSPGlobalEvents-1?$responsive$) Featured S\\&P Global Events](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/featured)\n\n[![webinar-replays](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/WebinarReplays-1?$responsive$) Webinar Replays](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/webinar-replays)\n\n- About S\\&P Global\n  ***\n- Corporate Responsibility\n  ***\n- Culture & Engagement\n  ***\n- Investor Relations\n  ***\n\n### About S\\&P Global\n***\n[Our Mission and Values](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/about-sp-global)\n\n[Our Leadership](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/about-sp-global\/our-people\/our-leadership)\n\n[Our Chief Client Office](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/chief-client-office)\n\n[Our History](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/our-history)\n\n[Capabilities](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/capabilities)\n\n### Corporate Responsibility\n***\n[Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility)\n\n[Reports & Policies](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility\/reports-commitments)\n\n[S\\&P Global Foundation](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility\/foundation)\n\n### Culture & Engagement\n***\n[Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/culture-engagement)\n\n[People Resource Groups](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/culture-engagement\/people-resource-groups)\n\n[Search for a Job](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs)\n\n### Investor Relations\n***\n[Overview (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/investor-relations-overview\/)\n\n[Presentations (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/investor-presentations\/default.aspx)\n\n[Investor Fact Book (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/investor-fact-book\/)\n\n[News Releases (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/news-releases\/default.aspx)\n\n[Quarterly Earnings (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/quarterly-earnings\/)\n\n[SEC Filings & Reports (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/sec-filings-reports\/overview\/)\n\n[Executive Committee (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/executive-committee\/)\n\n[Governance (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/corporate-governance\/overview\/)\n\n[Merger Information (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/merger-information\/spglobal-ihsmarkit\/)\n\n[Stocks & Dividends (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/stock-dividends\/stock-quote\/)\n\n[Shareholder Services (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/shareholder-services\/overview\/default.aspx)\n\n[Contact (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/contact-investor-relations\/contact-ir\/default.aspx)\n\n- [S\\&P Global Home](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en)\n- [Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n- [Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n- [Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n- [S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n- [Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\n- About S\\&P Global\n- Corporate Responsibility\n- Culture & Engagement\n- Investor Relations\n\nAbout S\\&P Global\n\n[Our Mission and Values](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/about-sp-global)\n\n[Our Leadership](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/about-sp-global\/our-people\/our-leadership)\n\n[Our Chief Client Office](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/chief-client-office)\n\n[Our History](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/our-history)\n\n[Capabilities](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/capabilities)\n\nCorporate Responsibility\n\n[Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility)\n\n[Reports & Policies](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility\/reports-commitments)\n\n[S\\&P Global Foundation](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility\/foundation)\n\nCulture & Engagement\n\n[Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/culture-engagement)\n\n[People Resource Groups](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/culture-engagement\/people-resource-groups)\n\n[Search for a Job](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs)\n\nInvestor Relations\n\n[Overview (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/investor-relations-overview\/)\n\n[Presentations (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/investor-presentations\/default.aspx)\n\n[Investor Fact Book (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/investor-fact-book\/)\n\n[News Releases (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/news-releases\/default.aspx)\n\n[Quarterly Earnings (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/quarterly-earnings\/)\n\n[SEC Filings & Reports (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/sec-filings-reports\/overview\/)\n\n[Executive Committee (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/executive-committee\/)\n\n[Governance (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/corporate-governance\/overview\/)\n\n[Merger Information (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/merger-information\/spglobal-ihsmarkit\/)\n\n[Stocks & Dividends (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/stock-dividends\/stock-quote\/)\n\n[Shareholder Services (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/shareholder-services\/overview\/default.aspx)\n\n[Contact (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/contact-investor-relations\/contact-ir\/default.aspx)\n\n- S\\&P Global Offerings\n  ***\n- Featured Topics\n  ***\n- Featured Products\n  ***\n- Events\n  ***\n- Careers\n  ***\n\n### S\\&P Global Offerings\n***\n[![market-intelligence](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/MarketIntelligence-1?$responsive$) Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n\n[![ratings](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/OverviewRatings-1?$responsive$) Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n\n[![energy](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/CommodityInsights-1?$responsive$) Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n\n[![dow-jones-indices](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPDowJonesIndices-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n\n[![mobility](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Mobility-1?$responsive$) Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\n### Featured Topics\n***\n[Sustainability](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/sustainable1\/en)\n\n[Private Markets](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/private-markets)\n\n[Energy Transition](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/energy-transition)\n\n[Credit & Risk](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/credit-risk)\n\n[Fixed Income](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/fixed-income)\n\n[Supply Chain](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/supply-chain)\n\n[Technology & AI](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/technology-ai)\n\n### Featured Products\n***\n[![capital-iq-pro](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPCapitalIQPro-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Capital IQ Pro](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en\/solutions\/products\/sp-capital-iq-pro)\n\n[![energy-core](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/PlattsConnect-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global Energy Core](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/products-solutions\/delivery\/platts-connect)\n\n[![esg-scores](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPGlobalESGScores-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global ESG Scores](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/sustainable1\/en\/solutions\/esg-scores-data)\n\n[![autocreditinsight](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/AutoCreditInsight-1?$responsive$) AutoCreditInsight](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/products\/autocreditinsight.html)\n\n[![ratings360](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Ratings360-1?$responsive$) Ratings360](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/products\/ratings360)\n\n[![spice](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPICETheIndexSourceForESGData-1?$responsive$) SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.spice-indices.com\/)\n\n### Events\n***\n[Featured S\\&P Global Events](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/featured)\n\n[Webinar Replays](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/webinar-replays)\n\n[CERAWeek](https:\/\/ceraweek.com\/index.html)\n\n[S\\&P Global Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en\/events)\n\n[S\\&P Global Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/events)\n\n[S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/events\/in-person\/)\n\n[S\\&P Global Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/events\/index.html?i=Automotive)\n\n[S\\&P Global Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/events)\n\n### Careers\n***\n[Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers)\n\n[Our Culture](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-culture)\n\n[Our Commitment](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-commitment)\n\n[Our Work](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-work)\n\n[Search for a Job](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/)\n\n- [S\\&P Global Home](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en)\n- [Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n- [Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n- [Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n- [S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n- [Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\n- S\\&P Global Offerings\n- Featured Topics\n- Featured Products\n- Events\n- Careers\n\nS\\&P Global Offerings\n\n[![market-intelligence](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/MarketIntelligence-1?$responsive$) Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n\n[![ratings](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/OverviewRatings-1?$responsive$) Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n\n[![energy](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/CommodityInsights-1?$responsive$) Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n\n[![dow-jones-indices](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPDowJonesIndices-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n\n[![mobility](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Mobility-1?$responsive$) Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\nFeatured Topics\n\n[Sustainability](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/sustainable1\/en)\n\n[Private Markets](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/private-markets)\n\n[Energy Transition](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/energy-transition)\n\n[Credit & Risk](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/credit-risk)\n\n[Fixed Income](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/fixed-income)\n\n[Supply Chain](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/supply-chain)\n\n[Technology & AI](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/products\/topics\/technology-ai)\n\nFeatured Products\n\n[![capital-iq-pro](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPCapitalIQPro-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Capital IQ Pro](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en\/solutions\/products\/sp-capital-iq-pro)\n\n[![energy-core](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/PlattsConnect-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global Energy Core](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/products-solutions\/delivery\/platts-connect)\n\n[![esg-scores](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPGlobalESGScores-1?$responsive$) S\\&P Global ESG Scores](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/sustainable1\/en\/solutions\/esg-scores-data)\n\n[![autocreditinsight](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/AutoCreditInsight-1?$responsive$) AutoCreditInsight](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/products\/autocreditinsight.html)\n\n[![ratings360](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Ratings360-1?$responsive$) Ratings360](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/products\/ratings360)\n\n[![spice](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/SPICETheIndexSourceForESGData-1?$responsive$) SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.spice-indices.com\/)\n\nEvents\n\n[Featured S\\&P Global Events](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/featured)\n\n[Webinar Replays](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/events\/webinar-replays)\n\n[CERAWeek](https:\/\/ceraweek.com\/index.html)\n\n[S\\&P Global Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en\/events)\n\n[S\\&P Global Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/events)\n\n[S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/events\/in-person\/)\n\n[S\\&P Global Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/events\/index.html?i=Automotive)\n\n[S\\&P Global Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/events)\n\nCareers\n\n[Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers)\n\n[Our Culture](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-culture)\n\n[Our Commitment](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-commitment)\n\n[Our Work](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-work)\n\n[Search for a Job](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/)\n\nLanguage\n\n- [中文 (Chinese)](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/zh)\n\nTrending Topics\n\n[Look Forward: Multidimensional Transition](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/look-forward\/look-forward-volume-6)\n\n[Look Forward: Supply Chain 2024](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/look-forward\/look-forward-volume-5)\n\n[AI in Banking: AI Will Be An Incremental Game Changer](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/ai-in-banking-ai-will-be-an-incremental-game-changer)\n\n[The Return of Energy Security](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/look-forward\/the-return-of-energy-security)\n\n[The AI Governance Challenge](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/the-ai-governance-challenge)\n\n[India's Future: The Quest for High and Stable Growth](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/special-reports\/look-forward\/india-s-future-the-quest-for-high-and-stable-growth)\n***\nOfferings by Division\n\n[S\\&P Global Market Intelligence](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/market-intelligence\/en)\n\n[S\\&P Global Ratings](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en)\n\n[S\\&P Global Energy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en)\n\n[S\\&P Dow Jones Indices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/spdji\/en\/)\n\n[S\\&P Global Mobility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/index.html)\n\nSearch\n\nEN\n\n[Support](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/contact-us)    [Contact Us (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/contact-us)\n\n[Contact Us (opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/contact-us)\n\n***\n- \/ Careers\n\n#### Careers\n- [Overview](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers)\n- [Our Culture](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-culture)\n- [Our Commitment](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-commitment)\n- [Our Work](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-work)\n- [Search For A Job](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/)\n\n![](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Seek-Prosper-Adavaitta_SplitWidthBanner_960x540?$responsive$)\n\n# Progress you make here makes impact everywhere.\n***\nON THIS PAGE\n\n- [Find Your Place](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#FindYourPlace)\n- [S\\&P Global Difference](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#Difference)\n- [Explore New Worlds](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#ExploreNewWorlds)\n- [Benefits](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#WeTakeCare)\n\nON THIS PAGE\n\n- [Find Your Place](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#FindYourPlace)\n- [S\\&P Global Difference](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#Difference)\n- [Explore New Worlds](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#ExploreNewWorlds)\n- [Benefits](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#WeTakeCare)\n\n## [We’re hiring](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/)\nFilter positions by division\n\nAll\n\nS\\&P Global Corporate\n\nS\\&P Global Ratings\n\nS\\&P Global Market Intelligence\n\nS\\&P Dow Jones Indices\n\nS\\&P Global Commodity Insights\n\nS\\&P Global Mobility\n\n[191 Information Technology](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Information%20Technology)\n\n[Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Information%20Technology)\n\n191\n\n### Information Technology\n\n[Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Information%20Technology)\n\n[93 Sales](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Sales)\n\n[Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Sales)\n\n93\n\n### Sales\n\n[Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Sales)\n\n[39 Business Management](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Business%20Management)\n\n[Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Business%20Management)\n\n39\n\n### Business Management\n\n[Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Business%20Management)\n\n[29 Data Management](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Data%20Management)\n\n[Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Data%20Management)\n\n29\n\n### Data Management\n\n[Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Data%20Management)\n\n[29 Product Management & Development Group](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Product%20Management%20%26%20Development%20Group)\n\n[Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Product%20Management%20%26%20Development%20Group)\n\n29\n\n### Product Management & Development Group\n\n[Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&categories=Product%20Management%20%26%20Development%20Group)\n\n### Join Our talent community\nReceive emails about S\\&P Global news and career opportunities, and make your resume available to our recruiters.\n\n[JOIN NOW](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/talent-network\/talentcommunity\/signup)\n\n## View All Open Positions.\n[Apply Now](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs)\n\n![mike](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Seek-Prosper-Mike_SplitWidthBanner_960x540?$responsive$)\n\n## Find your place in S\\&P Global's legacy\nFor over 160 years, generations of visionaries have brought transparency and trust into business, working to provide customers around the world with the Essential Intelligence® needed to make decisions with conviction.\n\n[Join Our Team](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/)\n***\n\nS\\&P Global Difference\n\n## When you put people  first, everything  else falls into place\nWe invest in our success as a company by investing in our people. At S\\&P Global, we’re committed to creating a workplace that works for you. But don’t take our word for it. Hear our global team members talk about what makes the difference for them.\n\n***\n- [Our Culture](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-culture \"content-link\")\n- [Our Commitment](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-commitment \"content-link\")\n- [Our Work](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-work \"content-link\")\n\n![](https:\/\/play.vidyard.com\/1W9bnYxprPN3mMyxEnJU7F.jpg)\n\n![hira-sabri]()\n\n![hira-sabri](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Hira-Sabri?$responsive$)\n\nShot by: Hira  \n Islamabad, Pakistan\n\nS\\&P Global\n\n### S\\&P Global provides you the resources to maintain a healthy work-life balance.\n\n![authors image](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/hira-sabri-2x_666x666?$responsive$)\n\n[Hira Sabri](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/about-sp-global\/our-people\/hira-sabri-bio-detail-page)\n\nSenior Manager, Commercial & Marketing Technology\n***\n## Explore New Worlds\nWith offices all over the globe, where will your passion take you?\n\n[See Our Global Offices](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-culture)\n\n[![Washington](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/content\/dam\/spglobal\/global-assets\/en\/images\/segments\/careers\/kimber_national-mall_washington-dc-2x.jpg)Washington 2 Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?location=Washington,%20D.C.&woe=8&stretchUnit=MILES&stretch=50&page=1)\n\n[![London](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/content\/dam\/spglobal\/corporate\/en\/images\/organisation\/careers\/overview\/location-images\/SPG_PEOPLE_3210925_london-career-overview_1355x690_1x.jpg)London 68 Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&location=London,%20Greater%20London,%20United%20Kingdom&woe=7&stretchUnit=MILES&stretch=50)\n\n[![mumbai](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/content\/dam\/spglobal\/corporate\/en\/images\/organisation\/careers\/overview\/location-images\/SPG_PEOPLE_3210925_mumbai_1355x690_1x.jpg)Mumbai 13 Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&location=Mumbai,%20Mah%C4%81r%C4%81shtra,%20India&woe=7&stretchUnit=MILES&stretch=50)\n\n[![Islamabad](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/content\/dam\/spglobal\/corporate\/en\/images\/organisation\/careers\/overview\/location-images\/SPG_PEOPLE_3210925_islamabad_1355x690_1x.jpg)Islamabad 33 Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?location=Islamabad,%20PK&stretch=10&stretchUnit=MILES&page=1)\n\n[![Makati](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/content\/dam\/spglobal\/corporate\/en\/images\/organisation\/careers\/overview\/location-images\/SPG_PEOPLE_3210925_makati-city_1355x690_1x.jpg)Makati City 6 Positions Available](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/jobs?page=1&location=Philippines&stretch=50&stretchUnit=MILES)\n***\n\n## We take care of you,  so you can take care of  business\nBottom line: We care about our people. That’s why we provide everything you—and your career—need to thrive at S\\&P Global.\n\n[Learn more about benefits at S\\&P Global](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers\/our-culture)\n\n![](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/content\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0324_wellness_v2)\n\n#### Health & Wellness\nHealth care coverage designed for the mind and body.\n\n#### Flexible Downtime\nGenerous time off helps keep you energized for your time on.\n\n#### Continuous Learning\nAccess a wealth of resources to grow your career and learn valuable new skills.\n\n#### Invest In Your Future\nSecure your financial future through competitive pay, retirement planning, a continuing education program with a company-matched student loan contribution, and financial wellness programs.\n\n#### Family-Friendly Perks\nIt’s not just about you. S\\&P Global has perks for your partners and little ones, too, with some best-in class benefits for families.\n\n#### Beyond the Basics\nFrom retail discounts to referral incentive awards—small perks can make a big difference.\n\n***\n## Join Our Team.\n[Apply Now](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/)\n\n- Follow Us\n- [(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/twitter.com\/SPGlobal)\n- [(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sandpglobal)\n- [(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/sp_global\/)\n- [(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCfXvCHeuAzcYIrR8WeHJgSw)\n- [(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/2934)\n- [(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/zh\/spg-wechat-article)\n\n- Our Purpose\n- [Our Values](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/)\n- [Our History](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/our-history)\n- [Ventures](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/venture)\n- [Press(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/press.spglobal.com\/)\n\n- Investor Relations\n- [Overview(opens in a new tab)](http:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/)\n- [News Releases(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/news-releases\/default.aspx)\n- [Quarterly Earnings(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/quarterly-earnings\/)\n- [SEC Filings & Reports(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/investor.spglobal.com\/sec-filings-reports\/overview\/)\n\n- Contact Us\n- [Customer Care & Sales](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/contact-us)\n- [Support by Division](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/contact-us)\n- [Report an Ethics Concern(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/secure.ethicspoint.com\/domain\/media\/en\/gui\/7615\/index.html)\n- [Office Locations](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/contact-us\/office-locations)\n\n- Our Organization\n- [Careers](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers)\n- [Corporate Responsibility](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-responsibility)\n- [Leadership](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/about-sp-global\/our-people\/our-leadership)\n- [IOSCO ESG Rating & Data Product Statements](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/esg-statements)\n***\nCookie Settings\n\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/terms-of-use)\n- [Cookie Notice](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/cookie-notice)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/privacy\/privacy-policy-english)\n- [Client Privacy Portal](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/enterprise\/Legal\/privacy.html)\n- [Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information(opens in a new tab)](https:\/\/privacyportal.onetrust.com\/webform\/5cb57702-8ef7-437e-a62b-408fe78cd310\/draft\/78fa28ce-6010-42fa-96b5-28d8837492e3)\n- © 2026 S\\&P Global","attrs_readable_markdown":"[Skip to Content](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#skipToContent)   [Skip to Menu](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#skipToMenu)   [Skip to Footer](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/explore-s-p-global\/careers#skipToFooter)\n\n- \/ Careers\n\nCareers\n\nON THIS PAGE\n\n### Join Our talent community\nReceive emails about S\\&P Global news and career opportunities, and make your resume available to our recruiters.\n\n[JOIN NOW](https:\/\/careers.spglobal.com\/talent-network\/talentcommunity\/signup)\n\nS\\&P Global Difference\n\n## When you put people  first, everything  else falls into place\nWe invest in our success as a company by investing in our people. At S\\&P Global, we’re committed to creating a workplace that works for you. But don’t take our word for it. Hear our global team members talk about what makes the difference for them.\n\n![hira-sabri](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/Hira-Sabri?$responsive$)\n\nShot by: Hira  \n Islamabad, Pakistan\n\nS\\&P Global\n\nS\\&P Global provides you the resources to maintain a healthy work-life balance.\n\n![authors image](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/image\/spglobalcom\/hira-sabri-2x_666x666?$responsive$)\n\n[Hira Sabri](https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/who-we-are\/about-sp-global\/our-people\/hira-sabri-bio-detail-page)\n\nSenior Manager, Commercial & Marketing Technology\n\n## Explore New Worlds\nWith offices all over the globe, where will your passion take you?\n\n## We take care of you,  so you can take care of  business\nBottom line: We care about our people. That’s why we provide everything you—and your career—need to thrive at S\\&P Global.\n\n![](https:\/\/spglobal.scene7.com\/is\/content\/spglobalcom\/Corp_0324_wellness_v2)\n\n#### Health & Wellness\nHealth care coverage designed for the mind and body.\n\n#### Flexible Downtime\nGenerous time off helps keep you energized for your time on.\n\n#### Continuous Learning\nAccess a wealth of resources to grow your career and learn valuable new skills.\n\n#### Invest In Your Future\nSecure your financial future through competitive pay, retirement planning, a continuing education program with a company-matched student loan contribution, and financial wellness programs.\n\n#### Family-Friendly Perks\nIt’s not just about you. S\\&P Global has perks for your partners and little ones, too, with some best-in class benefits for families.\n\n#### Beyond the Basics\nFrom retail discounts to referral incentive awards—small perks can make a big difference.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Skip to Content Skip to Menu Skip to Footer / Careers Careers ON THIS PAGE Join Our talent community Receive emails about S&P Global news and career opportunities, and make your resume available to our recruiters. JOIN NOW S&P Global Difference When you put people first, everything else falls into place We invest in our success as a company by investing in our people. At S&P Global, we’re committed to creating a workplace that works for you. But don’t take our word for it. Hear our global team members talk about what makes the difference for them. Shot by: Hira Islamabad, Pakistan S&P Global S&P Global provides you the resources to maintain a healthy work-life balance. Hira Sabri Senior Manager, Commercial & Marketing Technology Explore New Worlds With offices all over the globe, where will your passion take you? We take care of you, so you can take care of business Bottom line: We care about our people. That’s why we provide everything you—and your career—need to thrive at S&P Global. Health & Wellness Health care coverage designed for the mind and body. Flexible Downtime Generous time off helps keep you energized for your time on. Continuous Learning Access a wealth of resources to grow your career and learn valuable new skills. Invest In Your Future Secure your financial future through competitive pay, retirement planning, a continuing education program with a company-matched student loan contribution, and financial wellness programs. Family-Friendly Perks It’s not just about you. S&P Global has perks for your partners and little ones, too, with some best-in class benefits for families. Beyond the Basics From retail discounts to referral incentive awards—small perks can make a big difference.
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[JOIN NOW](https://careers.spglobal.com/talent-network/talentcommunity/signup) ## View All Open Positions. [Apply Now](https://careers.spglobal.com/jobs) ![mike](https://spglobal.scene7.com/is/image/spglobalcom/Seek-Prosper-Mike_SplitWidthBanner_960x540?$responsive$) ## Find your place in S\&P Global's legacy For over 160 years, generations of visionaries have brought transparency and trust into business, working to provide customers around the world with the Essential Intelligence® needed to make decisions with conviction. [Join Our Team](https://careers.spglobal.com/) * S\&P Global Difference ## When you put people first, everything else falls into place We invest in our success as a company by investing in our people. At S\&P Global, we’re committed to creating a workplace that works for you. But don’t take our word for it. Hear our global team members talk about what makes the difference for them. * - [Our Culture](https://www.spglobal.com/en/explore-s-p-global/careers/our-culture "content-link") - [Our Commitment](https://www.spglobal.com/en/explore-s-p-global/careers/our-commitment "content-link") - [Our Work](https://www.spglobal.com/en/explore-s-p-global/careers/our-work "content-link") ![](https://play.vidyard.com/1W9bnYxprPN3mMyxEnJU7F.jpg) ![hira-sabri]() ![hira-sabri](https://spglobal.scene7.com/is/image/spglobalcom/Hira-Sabri?$responsive$) Shot by: Hira Islamabad, Pakistan S\&P Global ### S\&P Global provides you the resources to maintain a healthy work-life balance. ![authors image](https://spglobal.scene7.com/is/image/spglobalcom/hira-sabri-2x_666x666?$responsive$) [Hira Sabri](https://www.spglobal.com/en/who-we-are/about-sp-global/our-people/hira-sabri-bio-detail-page) Senior Manager, Commercial & Marketing Technology * ## Explore New Worlds With offices all over the globe, where will your passion take you? [See Our Global Offices](https://www.spglobal.com/en/explore-s-p-global/careers/our-culture) [![Washington](https://www.spglobal.com/content/dam/spglobal/global-assets/en/images/segments/careers/kimber_national-mall_washington-dc-2x.jpg)Washington 2 Positions Available](https://careers.spglobal.com/jobs?location=Washington,%20D.C.&woe=8&stretchUnit=MILES&stretch=50&page=1) [![London](https://www.spglobal.com/content/dam/spglobal/corporate/en/images/organisation/careers/overview/location-images/SPG_PEOPLE_3210925_london-career-overview_1355x690_1x.jpg)London 68 Positions Available](https://careers.spglobal.com/jobs?page=1&location=London,%20Greater%20London,%20United%20Kingdom&woe=7&stretchUnit=MILES&stretch=50) [![mumbai](https://www.spglobal.com/content/dam/spglobal/corporate/en/images/organisation/careers/overview/location-images/SPG_PEOPLE_3210925_mumbai_1355x690_1x.jpg)Mumbai 13 Positions Available](https://careers.spglobal.com/jobs?page=1&location=Mumbai,%20Mah%C4%81r%C4%81shtra,%20India&woe=7&stretchUnit=MILES&stretch=50) [![Islamabad](https://www.spglobal.com/content/dam/spglobal/corporate/en/images/organisation/careers/overview/location-images/SPG_PEOPLE_3210925_islamabad_1355x690_1x.jpg)Islamabad 33 Positions Available](https://careers.spglobal.com/jobs?location=Islamabad,%20PK&stretch=10&stretchUnit=MILES&page=1) [![Makati](https://www.spglobal.com/content/dam/spglobal/corporate/en/images/organisation/careers/overview/location-images/SPG_PEOPLE_3210925_makati-city_1355x690_1x.jpg)Makati City 6 Positions Available](https://careers.spglobal.com/jobs?page=1&location=Philippines&stretch=50&stretchUnit=MILES) * ## We take care of you, so you can take care of business Bottom line: We care about our people. That’s why we provide everything you—and your career—need to thrive at S\&P Global. [Learn more about benefits at S\&P Global](https://www.spglobal.com/en/explore-s-p-global/careers/our-culture) ![](https://spglobal.scene7.com/is/content/spglobalcom/Corp_0324_wellness_v2) #### Health & Wellness Health care coverage designed for the mind and body. #### Flexible Downtime Generous time off helps keep you energized for your time on. #### Continuous Learning Access a wealth of resources to grow your career and learn valuable new skills. #### Invest In Your Future Secure your financial future through competitive pay, retirement planning, a continuing education program with a company-matched student loan contribution, and financial wellness programs. #### Family-Friendly Perks It’s not just about you. 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Readable Markdown	[Skip to Content](https://www.spglobal.com/en/explore-s-p-global/careers#skipToContent) [Skip to Menu](https://www.spglobal.com/en/explore-s-p-global/careers#skipToMenu) [Skip to Footer](https://www.spglobal.com/en/explore-s-p-global/careers#skipToFooter) - / Careers Careers ON THIS PAGE ### Join Our talent community Receive emails about S\&P Global news and career opportunities, and make your resume available to our recruiters. [JOIN NOW](https://careers.spglobal.com/talent-network/talentcommunity/signup) S\&P Global Difference ## When you put people first, everything else falls into place We invest in our success as a company by investing in our people. At S\&P Global, we’re committed to creating a workplace that works for you. But don’t take our word for it. Hear our global team members talk about what makes the difference for them. ![hira-sabri](https://spglobal.scene7.com/is/image/spglobalcom/Hira-Sabri?$responsive$) Shot by: Hira Islamabad, Pakistan S\&P Global S\&P Global provides you the resources to maintain a healthy work-life balance. ![authors image](https://spglobal.scene7.com/is/image/spglobalcom/hira-sabri-2x_666x666?$responsive$) [Hira Sabri](https://www.spglobal.com/en/who-we-are/about-sp-global/our-people/hira-sabri-bio-detail-page) Senior Manager, Commercial & Marketing Technology ## Explore New Worlds With offices all over the globe, where will your passion take you? ## We take care of you, so you can take care of business Bottom line: We care about our people. That’s why we provide everything you—and your career—need to thrive at S\&P Global. ![](https://spglobal.scene7.com/is/content/spglobalcom/Corp_0324_wellness_v2) #### Health & Wellness Health care coverage designed for the mind and body. #### Flexible Downtime Generous time off helps keep you energized for your time on. #### Continuous Learning Access a wealth of resources to grow your career and learn valuable new skills. #### Invest In Your Future Secure your financial future through competitive pay, retirement planning, a continuing education program with a company-matched student loan contribution, and financial wellness programs. #### Family-Friendly Perks It’s not just about you. S\&P Global has perks for your partners and little ones, too, with some best-in class benefits for families. #### Beyond the Basics From retail discounts to referral incentive awards—small perks can make a big difference.
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