🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 95 (from laksa001)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa095.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness","crawl_time":1775446044,"first_indexed_time":1680002610,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,sleepfoundation!www,\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness s443","src_root_hash":"1916647574837971495","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Is Insomnia a Mental Illness? | Sleep Foundation","meta_descriptions":["Insomnia is a sleep disorder that has a complex relationship with mental illness. Learn about insomnia and mental health and the importance of treatment."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"If you or someone you know is in crisis, dial 988 to reach the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline, which provides 24\/7, free, and confidential support.\nInsomnia is one of the main categories of sleep disorders and can be a stand-alone condition for some people. But for many others, insomnia goes hand-in-hand with the diagnosis of a mental health disorder. In fact, approximately 50% of people living with insomnia also have a mental health condition. \nThe relationship between mental illness and insomnia is complex. Experts believe that insomnia impacts a person’s mental health, but also that mental health can affect a person’s sleep. \nHow Are Insomnia and Mental Illness Connected?\nInsomnia\nand mental health problems commonly coexist. The majority of people with mental health problems have insomnia, and roughly a third of people diagnosed with chronic insomnia have a mental health condition. \nPeople with insomnia experience challenges with falling and staying asleep. They also exhibit daytime symptoms that may overlap with the symptoms of a range of mental health conditions. These can include:\nIrritability \nNegative social, educational, and work consequences \nLack of energy and motivation \nAggression \nHyperactivity \nImpulsivity \nTrouble with concentration and attention \nMood changes \nIt can be difficult for doctors to determine which disorder began first and whether there is a\ncausal relationship\nbetween insomnia and a mental health condition. Rather, experts have concluded that there is a\nbidirectional relationship\nbetween insomnia and mental health, meaning that sleep and\nmental health\ngreatly influence one another. \nFor people living with insomnia, not getting enough sleep or getting poor-quality sleep can increase the risk of developing a mental health condition, make the symptoms of an existing condition worse, or impede the effectiveness of treatment.\nEvidence shows that\nsleep deprivation\ncan cause mood changes similar to those seen with anxiety and depression. In other words, people with insomnia may be irritable and have a negative outlook. They may also have a reduced libido or lapses in judgment. \nLethargy is also common, which can lead to drowsiness and an increased need for\nnaps\n. People with insomnia may find themselves falling asleep at unacceptable times. Relationships with partners and others can become strained, and they may withdraw from their normal range of activities. Work performance can also suffer, to the extent that people are denied promotions or let go from their jobs.\nPeople living with a mental health condition who are diagnosed with a sleep disorder face unique challenges. The symptoms of their mental health condition may be made\nmore severe\nby disordered sleep, and their treatment may not be as helpful. Overall, those with mental health conditions and insomnia may be less able to handle the tasks of daily living. \nSay Goodbye to Insomnia\nSign up to receive emails about how to improve your sleep,\u2028as well as our comprehensive Better Sleep Guidebook.\nSleep problems are associated with many mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and others. \nDepression\nInsomnia is a main feature of\ndepression\n. Approximately 90% of people with this mental health condition have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. As with other mental health conditions, sleep disruptions increase the risk for developing depression, and episodes of depression can make sleep more challenging. \nPeople with depression experience a wide variety of symptoms, including: \nHopelessness or sadness \nIrritability, annoyance, or anger \nChanges in weight and appetite \nFatigue\nFeelings of failure, guilt, and worthlessness \nDifficulty making decisions\nMemory problems\nIssues with concentration\nPeople who are diagnosed with depression frequently report having insomnia beforehand. Research also shows that a person’s sleep quality may predict the likelihood of\nrelapsing\n. In other words, sleep quality may decline before a person is faced with an episode of depression. \nEvidence shows that sleep patterns differ in people living with depression. They often take longer to fall asleep, which can lead to sleep deprivation. Data also reveals changes in patterns of\nrapid eye movement (REM)\nsleep and reduced\nslow-wave sleep\n. Taken together, these differences in sleep patterns may be indicators of depression in those who are undiagnosed.\nAnxiety Disorders\nA majority of people with\nanxiety disorders\nfind it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep. Many people have intermittent worry or anxiety over life stressors that disrupt their sleep on occasion. However, anxiety disorders are different in that they bring about fear and worry that does not resolve. Unresolved worry can affect a person’s long-term ability to get a good night’s rest, as well as disrupt their work, school life, and personal relationships.\nGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD)\n: General anxiety disorder occurs in roughly 5% to 10% of the population. Disturbed sleep is one of the diagnostic criteria for GAD. It can be hard to tease out whether GAD or disturbed sleep began first, since both disorders share similar symptoms, such as changes in daytime functioning and mood. \nPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)\n: Up to 90% of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder experience insomnia.\nNightmares\nare frequent in people with\nPTSD\n, which can make people fearful of falling back to sleep. \nBipolar Disorder\nBipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by changes in mood, concentration, and energy levels. People with bipolar disorder fluctuate between periods of depression, excited behavior, and in some cases mania. People’s sleep patterns can be very different in each of these states. \nEvidence suggests that almost all people living with bipolar disorder face sleep difficulties. For those experiencing bipolar depression, the main sleep disruptions are insomnia and\nhypersomnia\n, the need for excessive sleep. \nBy contrast, people in a manic state have a reduced need for sleep. This is different from the inability to sleep during periods of bipolar depression. For example, people may go several days without sleep. They may feel as though they have had adequate sleep and may appear highly energetic despite a lack of sleep. \nSome researchers propose that sleep disturbances in people with bipolar disorder are associated with\nvariations in circadian rhythm\n. \nSubstance Use Disorders\nInsomnia and substance use disorder (SUD) often accompany each other. People with insomnia are more likely to develop a substance use problem. In addition, troubles with insomnia are frequent in people recovering from a substance use disorder and can contribute to substance use relapse. \nPeople with SUD misuse substances such as prescription medications,\nalcohol\n, and illicit drugs due to changes in the brain or behavioral problems. Addiction is the most serious form of the disorder. Substance use disorder commonly occurs along with other mental health conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. \nExperts suggest that ongoing misuse of substances like alcohol and drugs can disturb processes that regulate when people feel awake and when they feel sleepy. \nAlcohol has a sedative effect that can help people relax. For this reason, some people find it helpful to have a drink prior to bedtime. Research shows that over 10% of people use alcohol to help them sleep, but people with insomnia are even more likely to use alcohol. \nInsomnia typically predates a person’s alcohol abuse by almost a decade and is a significant risk factor for developing alcoholism. Alcohol misuse in people with insomnia is likely to make their symptoms worse. They may also have more significant changes in mood or performance. \nSubstance use can affect sleep whether someone is an active user, in withdrawal, or in recovery. Insomnia is a chief complaint for those managing sobriety, and sleep disruptions sometimes last for years after a person stops using substances. Research shows that ongoing insomnia during recovery\nincreases the risk\nthat a person will relapse and start using substances again. \nAnyone facing a substance abuse disorder should speak with a health care professional for support. A health provider can advise them about recovery programs, as well as effective treatments for insomnia and co-occurring mental health conditions. \nSchizophrenia\nSchizophrenia is a mental health disorder marked by changes in a person’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings. People with schizophrenia may experience things that are not real or hold strong beliefs about things that are not true. It is not uncommon for people with schizophrenia to lack motivation, lose interest in everyday living, withdraw from family and friends, or fail to find pleasure or joy in life. \nPeople living with schizophrenia experience a range of sleep problems. Research suggests that a substantial portion of people living with schizophrenia report symptoms of insomnia. Other sleep disturbances arise in those living with schizophrenia as well, including disruptions in their\ncircadian rhythm\nand the way they progress through\nsleep stages\nduring the night. \nSimilar to substance use disorder, sleep disruptions may increase the risk of relapse in people receiving treatment for schizophrenia. \nThe two main\ntreatments for insomnia\nare cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and prescription medications. According to experts, people should\nreceive treatment\nfor their insomnia in addition to any treatment for their mental health conditions. Research shows that treating insomnia in addition to a mental health disorder can improve the effectiveness of treatment for both conditions.\nCognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia\n:\nCBT-I\nis the preferred initial treatment method for insomnia. Therapy includes elements aimed at identifying and reducing thoughts and behaviors that negatively affect sleep. A trained professional provides education on sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction therapy, relaxation exercises, basic sleep education, and other topics. \nPrescription medications\n: Medications are generally reserved for people who do not respond to CBT-I. To have the greatest effect, medications should be used alongside CBT-I and education about good sleep habits. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved several classes of drugs to treat insomnia. In some cases, doctors may prescribe sedative drugs that are\nnot approved for insomnia\nto treat the disorder. \n“Behavioral therapies are the cornerstone in insomnia treatment. It is important to find trained professionals to deliver CBT-I.”\nDr. Abhinav Singh\n, Sleep Physician\nThere are some unique considerations when treating insomnia in people who also receive therapy for mental health conditions. For example, some mental health medications can cause insomnia as a side effect. And certain types of medications should not be prescribed to people with substance use disorder, given the risk of abuse and overdose.\nFor these reasons, anyone being treated for a mental health condition and insomnia should work closely with their doctor to develop the most effective treatment plan and understand its risks and benefits.\nSleep Hygiene\nHealthy sleep habits are particularly important for people dealing with a mental health condition. Often referred to as\nsleep hygiene\n, healthy sleep habits help ensure that people get the rest they need to support their physical and mental health. \nSome people with mental health disorders may struggle to incorporate self-care practices like sleep hygiene into their daily routines. But there are some simple strategies that people may start with. \nEstablish a sleep schedule\n: People should consider their work, school, and social responsibilities, then set a regular bedtime and wake time that ensures they get the\nrecommended hours\nof sleep each night. It is important to stick to the same\nsleep schedule\non both weekdays and weekends. \nKeep a sleep diary\n: Keeping a\nsleep diary\ncan help people learn more about their sleep patterns and the effects on their mood and quality of life. Some people use trackers that allow them to log their sleep, medication adherence, and symptoms. This information can help them work with their health care providers to manage their mental health. \nGet plenty of light exposure\n:\nLight exposure\nhelps regulate the sleep-wake cycle, one of the body’s circadian rhythms. Going outside for at least 30 minutes early in the day can help people feel more awake. In some cases, health care providers may suggest\nlight therapy\nfor people with insomnia and a mental health condition. \nMake time for exercise\n: Getting 30 minutes of\nexercise\na day benefits both sleep and mental health. Exercise improves mood and helps people fall asleep more easily, though exercise should be avoided too close to bedtime. \nAnyone noticing a change in their sleep that lasts more than a few weeks should\ntalk with a doctor\n. For some, it can be challenging to reach out for help the longer they wait. If possible, make notes about the sleep changes that have occurred and prepare any questions that would be helpful to have answered before speaking to a health care provider. \nTalking with a doctor about sleep symptoms is an important part of\nmanaging a mental health condition\n. Changes in sleep can be due to a host of factors, including the diagnosis or a side effect of treatment. Importantly, sleep problems can be signs of a relapse. Talk with a doctor right away if you notice changes that affect your mood or daytime functioning. \nStill have questions? Ask our community!\nJoin our\nSleep Care Community\n— a trusted hub of sleep health professionals, product specialists, and people just like you. Whether you need expert sleep advice for your insomnia or you’re searching for the perfect mattress, we’ve got you covered. Get personalized guidance from the experts who know sleep best.","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#post_content)\n\n[![Sleep Foundation Logo](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/sd-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/)\n\n![Sleep Foundation Logo](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/sd-logo.svg)\n\n![Sleep Foundation Logo](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/sd-logo.svg)\n\nSLEEP PRODUCTS\n\n- Mattresses\n  Mattresses\n  \n  - [All Mattresses](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress)\n  - [Best Mattress of 2026](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress)\n  - Best of\n    - [Best Mattress for Side Sleepers](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress\/best-mattress-for-side-sleepers)\n    - [Best Mattress for Back Pain](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress\/best-mattress-for-back-pain)\n    - 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Compare\n    - MATTRESS MATCH\n      - [Mattress Finder Tool](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mattress-quiz\/results)\n      - [Take the Mattress Quiz](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mattress-quiz)\n    - POPULAR BRANDS\n      - [Nectar vs. Casper](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mattress-comparisons\/nectar-vs-casper)\n      - [Tempur-Pedic vs. Sleep Number](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mattress-comparisons\/tempurpedic-vs-sleep-number)\n    - LEARN\n      - [Do You Need a Box Spring?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mattress-information\/do-you-need-a-box-spring)\n      - [What is Memory Foam?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mattress-information\/what-is-memory-foam)\n    - [![Mattress Finder](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Mattresses-in-the-Sleep-Foundation-Test-Lab-3-300x125.jpg) Mattress Finder](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mattress-quiz\/results)   [![mattress sizes](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/mattress-sizes-300x225.jpg) Mattress Sizes 101: Finding Your Perfect Fit](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mattress-sizes)\n  - 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[![Best Cooling Comforters of 2026](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Saatva-Lightweight-Down-Alternative-Comforter-253x140-1.jpeg) Best Cooling Comforters of 2026](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-bedding\/best-cooling-comforter)\n  - Mattress Toppers & More\n    - MATTRESS TOPPERS\n      - [The Best Mattress Toppers](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress-toppers)\n      - [Best Cooling Mattress Toppers](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress-toppers\/best-cooling-mattress-topper)\n      - [Best Memory Foam Mattress Toppers](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress-toppers\/best-memory-foam-mattress-topper)\n    - MATTRESS PADS\n      - [Best Mattress Pads](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress-pads)\n      - [Cooling Mattress Pads](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress-pads\/best-cooling-mattress-pad)\n    - PROTECTORS\n      - [The Best Mattress Protectors of 2026](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress-protectors)\n      - [Best Full Mattress Encasements](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress-protectors\/best-mattress-encasements)\n    - [![Best Cooling Comforters of 2026](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Saatva-Lightweight-Down-Alternative-Comforter-253x140-1.jpeg) Best Cooling Comforters of 2026](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-bedding\/best-cooling-comforter)\n  - [All Bedding](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-bedding)\n- Sleep Solutions\n  Sleep Solutions\n  \n  - [All Solutions](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-solutions)\n  - Get Sleep Tested\n    - AT-HOME TESTING\n      - [Buy an At-Home Sleep Test](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/home-sleep-test?cta_location=main_menu)\n      - [What's an At-Home Sleep Test?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-studies\/at-home-sleep-study)\n    - IN-LAB TESTING\n      - [How Does a Sleep Study Work?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-studies\/how-does-a-sleep-study-work)\n      - 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Start Here](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/home-sleep-test?cta_location=main_menu)\n    - ANTI-SNORING\n      - [The Best Anti-Snoring Mouthpieces](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-anti-snoring-mouthpieces-and-mouthguards)\n      - [Mouth Taping](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/snoring\/mouth-taping-for-sleep)\n      - [CPAP Alternatives](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-apnea\/alternatives-to-cpap)\n    - SERVICES & SUPPLEMENTS\n      - [The Best Sleep Apps of 2026](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-sleep-apps)\n      - [The Best Magnesium Supplements](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/magnesium\/best-magnesium-for-sleep)\n      - [Best Sleep Supplements](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-aids\/natural-sleep-aids)\n    - [![At Home Sleep Study](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/SF_HST_CTA_Image-1-300x161.png) At Home Sleep Study](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/home-sleep-test)   [![ResMed\\_AirSense\\_11\\_Machine\\_Package\\_1](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ResMed_AirSense_11_Machine_Package_1-300x300.webp) Best CPAP Machines of 2026](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-cpap-machines)\n  - Sleep Environment\n    - SLEEP TECH\n      - [The Best Sleep Trackers We've Tested](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-sleep-trackers)\n      - [Top-Rated White Noise Machines](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-sleep-products\/best-white-noise-machines)\n    - BED FRAMES\n      - [The Best Adjustable Beds](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-adjustable-bed)\n      - [Our Favorite Bed Frames](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-bed-frames)\n    - PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS\n      - [Blue Light Blocking Glasses](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-sleep-products\/best-blue-light-blocking-glasses)\n      - [Wake-Up Lights](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-sleep-products\/best-wake-up-lights)\n      - [Sleep Masks](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-sleep-products\/best-sleep-masks)\n    - [![At Home Sleep Study](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/SF_HST_CTA_Image-1-300x161.png) At Home Sleep Study](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/home-sleep-test)   [![ResMed\\_AirSense\\_11\\_Machine\\_Package\\_1](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ResMed_AirSense_11_Machine_Package_1-300x300.webp) Best CPAP Machines of 2026](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-cpap-machines)\n  - [All Solutions](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-solutions)\n- Sleep Health\n  Sleep Health\n  \n  - [All Health](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-topics)\n  - Sleep Disorders\n    - COMMON DISORDERS\n      - [Insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia)\n      - [Parasomnias](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/parasomnias)\n      - [Excessive Sleepiness](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/excessive-sleepiness)\n    - BREATHING-RELATED\n      - [Sleep Apnea](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-apnea)\n      - [Obstructive Sleep Apnea](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-apnea\/obstructive-sleep-apnea)\n      - [Central Sleep Apnea](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-apnea\/central-sleep-apnea)\n    - MOVEMENT-RELATED\n      - [Sleepwalking](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/parasomnias\/sleepwalking)\n      - [Bruxism](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/bruxism)\n      - [Restless Legs Syndrome](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/restless-legs-syndrome)\n    - TESTING & TREATMENTS\n      - [CPAP](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/cpap)\n      - [Home Sleep Test](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-studies\/at-home-sleep-study)\n      - [What to Do When You Can't Sleep](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/treatment\/what-do-when-you-cant-sleep)\n    - [![Woman Taking Melatonin](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/woman-with-melatonin-300x200.jpg) Melatonin Dosage: How Much Melatonin to Take](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/melatonin\/melatonin-dosage-how-much-should-you-take)   [![group of people drinking coffee](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/group-of-people-drinking-coffee-300x200.jpg) 94% of Us Drink Caffeinated Beverages. But What Does it do to Our Sleep?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-news\/94-percent-of-us-drink-caffeinated-beverages)\n  - Improve Your Sleep\n    - SLEEP HABITS\n      - [The Ultimate Sleep Improvement Plan](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-habits)\n      - [The 20 Most Proven Sleep Tips](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-hygiene\/healthy-sleep-tips)\n      - [Sleep Hygiene](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-hygiene)\n    - SLEEP AIDS\n      - [Melatonin](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/melatonin)\n      - [Magnesium](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/magnesium)\n      - [The Most Effective Sleep Aids](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-aids)\n    - TOOLS & PRODUCTS\n      - [Sleep Calculator](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-calculator)\n      - [7 Nights to Better Sleep](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-habits\/7-night-sleep-habit-builder)\n      - [Submit Your Sleep Story](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/submit-your-sleep-story)\n    - [![Woman Taking Melatonin](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/woman-with-melatonin-300x200.jpg) Melatonin Dosage: How Much Melatonin to Take](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/melatonin\/melatonin-dosage-how-much-should-you-take)   [![group of people drinking coffee](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/group-of-people-drinking-coffee-300x200.jpg) 94% of Us Drink Caffeinated Beverages. But What Does it do to Our Sleep?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-news\/94-percent-of-us-drink-caffeinated-beverages)\n  - Understand Your Sleep\n    - SCIENCE OF SLEEP\n      - [How Sleep Works](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/how-sleep-works)\n      - [Circadian Rhythm](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/circadian-rhythm)\n      - [The Stages of Sleep](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/stages-of-sleep)\n    - IMPACTS\n      - [Snoring](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/snoring)\n      - [Sleep Deprivation](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-deprivation)\n      - [How Electronics Affect Your Sleep](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/how-sleep-works\/how-electronics-affect-sleep)\n    - STATISTICS\n      - [Sleep Data & Research](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/how-sleep-works\/sleep-facts-statistics)\n      - [How Much Sleep Do We Need?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/how-sleep-works\/how-much-sleep-do-we-really-need)\n    - [![Woman Taking Melatonin](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/woman-with-melatonin-300x200.jpg) Melatonin Dosage: How Much Melatonin to Take](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/melatonin\/melatonin-dosage-how-much-should-you-take)   [![group of people drinking coffee](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/group-of-people-drinking-coffee-300x200.jpg) 94% of Us Drink Caffeinated Beverages. But What Does it do to Our Sleep?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-news\/94-percent-of-us-drink-caffeinated-beverages)\n  - [All Health](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-topics)\n- About Us\n  About Us\n  \n  - Who We Are\n    - OUR MISSION\n      - [What We Do](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us)\n      - [Our Team](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/who-we-are)\n    - OUR MEDICAL TEAM\n      - [Medical Advisory Board](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/who-we-are#medical-advisory-board)\n    - OUR PROCESS\n      - [Editorial Policy](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/editorial-policy)\n      - [How We Review Products](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/research-methodology)\n    - [![Test Lab: Expert Tested. Sleeper Approved.](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Bedroom-Environment-1-300x125.jpg) Test Lab: Expert Tested. Sleeper Approved.](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/research-methodology)   [![Sleep Video Library](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/best_clips.00_09_45_18.still029_720-300x169.jpg) Sleep Video Library](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/video)\n  - [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/contact)\n- [Community](https:\/\/community.sleepfoundation.org\/)\n- [Sleep Quiz](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-quiz)\n\n- [![Facebook Icon](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/sf-facebook.svg)](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sleepisthefoundation\/)\n- [![Twitter Icon](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sf-twitter.svg)](https:\/\/twitter.com\/sleepisthefound)\n- [![YouTube Icon](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/social_youtube.svg)](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/SleepIsTheFoundation)\n- [![Instagram Icon](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sf-instagram.svg)](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/sleepisthefoundation)\n- [![LinkedIn Icon](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/sf-linkedin.svg)](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/showcase\/sleepisthefoundation)\n- [![TikTok Icon](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/sf-tiktok.svg)](https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@sleepisthefoundation)\n\n[![:sleepfoundation-rotate:](https:\/\/emoji.slack-edge.com\/T01ANHP2LNB\/sleepfoundation-rotate\/039f7faf8dfca979.gif) 10% off Home Sleep Tests ![:sleepfoundation-rotate:](https:\/\/emoji.slack-edge.com\/T01ANHP2LNB\/sleepfoundation-rotate\/039f7faf8dfca979.gif)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/home-sleep-test?utm_cta_location=announcement_bar)\n\nWhen you buy through our links, we may earn a commission. Products or services may be offered by an affiliated entity. [Learn more.](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/advertising-disclosure)\n\n[\/](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/)  [Sleep Disorders](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-disorders) \/ [Insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia)\n\n![Main Intro Section Image](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Header-Image-1.svg)\n\n# Is Insomnia a Mental Illness?\nUpdated July 10, 2025\n\nWritten by Annie Golding\n\n![Annie Golding](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Annie-Golding-scaled-150x150.jpg)\n\nAnnie Golding\n\nSenior Writer\n\nAnnie Golding is an editor with 20 years of experience in health education. Annie lives in Seattle with her two kids and cat Gus.\n\n[Read Full Bio](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/who-we-are#annie_golding)\n\nWant to read more about all our experts in the field?\n\n[Learn About The Editorial Team](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us)\n\n\\| Medically Reviewed by Abhinav Singh, MD, MPH, FAASM\n\n![Abhinav Singh, MD, MPH, FAASM](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Dr.-Abhinav-Singh-SF-150x150.jpg)\n\nAbhinav Singh, MD, MPH, FAASM\n\nSleep Medicine Physician\n\nDr. Abhinav Singh, board certified in Sleep Medicine and Internal Medicine, is the Medical Director of the Indiana Sleep Center, which is accredited by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. He is also a Clinical Assistant Professor at Marian University College of Medicine in Indianapolis, where he developed and teaches a Sleep Medicine rotation. Dr. Singh’s research and clinical practice focuses on sleep disorders, including excessive daytime sleepiness, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, chronic snoring, insomnia, and sleep education.\n\n[Read Full Bio](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/who-we-are#abhinav_singh,_md,_mph,_faasm)\n\nWant to read more about all our experts in the field?\n\n[Learn About The Editorial Team](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us)\n\n[![Side rail CTA](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Side-Rail-Add.png)](https:\/\/sleepdoctor.com\/products\/nightly-sleep-stack?utm_campaign=sf&utm_cta_location=side_rail&page_path=is-insomnia-a-mental-illness)\n\n- [How Are Insomnia and Mental Illness Connected?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#how-are-insomnia-and-mental-illness-connected)\n- [How Does Insomnia Affect Mental Health?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#how-does-insomnia-affect-mental-health)\n- [How Can Mental Illness Affect Sleep?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#how-can-mental-illness-affect-sleep)\n- [How Do You Treat Insomnia?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#how-do-you-treat-insomnia)\n- [When to Talk to a Doctor](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#when-to-talk-to-a-doctor)\n\nIf you or someone you know is in crisis, dial 988 to reach the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline, which provides 24\/7, free, and confidential support.\n\nInsomnia is one of the main categories of sleep disorders and can be a stand-alone condition for some people. But for many others, insomnia goes hand-in-hand with the diagnosis of a mental health disorder. In fact, approximately 50% of people living with insomnia also have a mental health condition.\n\nThe relationship between mental illness and insomnia is complex. Experts believe that insomnia impacts a person’s mental health, but also that mental health can affect a person’s sleep.\n\n## One-on-one sleep coaching with a licensed sleep expert\nStructured sleep coaching designed to meet you where you are, identify what’s disrupting your nights, and show you how to fix it — no guessing, no frustration.\n\n[Get Started](https:\/\/sleepdoctor.com\/products\/sleep-consult)\n\n![SF\\_HST\\_CTA\\_Image-1](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/SF_HST_CTA_Image-1.png)\n## How Are Insomnia and Mental Illness Connected?\n[Insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia) and mental health problems commonly coexist. The majority of people with mental health problems have insomnia, and roughly a third of people diagnosed with chronic insomnia have a mental health condition.\n\nPeople with insomnia experience challenges with falling and staying asleep. They also exhibit daytime symptoms that may overlap with the symptoms of a range of mental health conditions. These can include:\n\n- Irritability\n- Negative social, educational, and work consequences\n- Lack of energy and motivation\n- Aggression\n- Hyperactivity\n- Impulsivity\n- Trouble with concentration and attention\n- Mood changes\n\nIt can be difficult for doctors to determine which disorder began first and whether there is a causal relationship [Trusted Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/editorial-policy) UpToDateMore than 2 million healthcare providers around the world choose UpToDate to help make appropriate care decisions and drive better health outcomes. UpToDate delivers evidence-based clinical decision support that is clear, actionable, and rich with real-world insights.[View Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-187656) between insomnia and a mental health condition. Rather, experts have concluded that there is a bidirectional relationship [Trusted Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/editorial-policy) UpToDateMore than 2 million healthcare providers around the world choose UpToDate to help make appropriate care decisions and drive better health outcomes. UpToDate delivers evidence-based clinical decision support that is clear, actionable, and rich with real-world insights.[View Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-187658) between insomnia and mental health, meaning that sleep and [mental health](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mental-health) greatly influence one another.\n\n## How Does Insomnia Affect Mental Health?\nFor people living with insomnia, not getting enough sleep or getting poor-quality sleep can increase the risk of developing a mental health condition, make the symptoms of an existing condition worse, or impede the effectiveness of treatment.\n\nEvidence shows that [sleep deprivation](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-deprivation) can cause mood changes similar to those seen with anxiety and depression. In other words, people with insomnia may be irritable and have a negative outlook. They may also have a reduced libido or lapses in judgment.\n\nLethargy is also common, which can lead to drowsiness and an increased need for [naps](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/napping). People with insomnia may find themselves falling asleep at unacceptable times. Relationships with partners and others can become strained, and they may withdraw from their normal range of activities. Work performance can also suffer, to the extent that people are denied promotions or let go from their jobs.\n\nPeople living with a mental health condition who are diagnosed with a sleep disorder face unique challenges. The symptoms of their mental health condition may be made more severe [Trusted Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/editorial-policy) National Library of Medicine, Biotech InformationThe National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information.[View Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-187660) by disordered sleep, and their treatment may not be as helpful. Overall, those with mental health conditions and insomnia may be less able to handle the tasks of daily living.\n\n## Say Goodbye to Insomnia\nSign up to receive emails about how to improve your sleep, as well as our comprehensive Better Sleep Guidebook.\n\n![](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Email-Capture-Icon.svg)\n## How Can Mental Illness Affect Sleep?\nSleep problems are associated with many mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and others.\n\n### Depression\nInsomnia is a main feature of [depression](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mental-health\/depression-and-sleep). Approximately 90% of people with this mental health condition have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. As with other mental health conditions, sleep disruptions increase the risk for developing depression, and episodes of depression can make sleep more challenging.\n\nPeople with depression experience a wide variety of symptoms, including:\n\n- Hopelessness or sadness\n- Irritability, annoyance, or anger\n- Changes in weight and appetite\n- Fatigue\n- Feelings of failure, guilt, and worthlessness\n- Difficulty making decisions\n- Memory problems\n- Issues with concentration\n\nPeople who are diagnosed with depression frequently report having insomnia beforehand. Research also shows that a person’s sleep quality may predict the likelihood of relapsing [Trusted Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/editorial-policy) National Library of Medicine, Biotech InformationThe National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information.[View Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-80280) . In other words, sleep quality may decline before a person is faced with an episode of depression.\n\nEvidence shows that sleep patterns differ in people living with depression. They often take longer to fall asleep, which can lead to sleep deprivation. Data also reveals changes in patterns of [rapid eye movement (REM)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/stages-of-sleep\/rem-sleep) sleep and reduced [slow-wave sleep](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/stages-of-sleep\/slow-wave-sleep). Taken together, these differences in sleep patterns may be indicators of depression in those who are undiagnosed.\n\n### Anxiety Disorders\nA majority of people with [anxiety disorders](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mental-health\/anxiety-and-sleep) find it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep. Many people have intermittent worry or anxiety over life stressors that disrupt their sleep on occasion. However, anxiety disorders are different in that they bring about fear and worry that does not resolve. Unresolved worry can affect a person’s long-term ability to get a good night’s rest, as well as disrupt their work, school life, and personal relationships.\n\n- **Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)**: General anxiety disorder occurs in roughly 5% to 10% of the population. Disturbed sleep is one of the diagnostic criteria for GAD. It can be hard to tease out whether GAD or disturbed sleep began first, since both disorders share similar symptoms, such as changes in daytime functioning and mood.\n- **Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)**: Up to 90% of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder experience insomnia. [Nightmares](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/dreams\/how-trauma-can-affect-dreams) are frequent in people with [PTSD](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mental-health\/ptsd-and-sleep), which can make people fearful of falling back to sleep.\n### Bipolar Disorder\nBipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by changes in mood, concentration, and energy levels. People with bipolar disorder fluctuate between periods of depression, excited behavior, and in some cases mania. People’s sleep patterns can be very different in each of these states.\n\nEvidence suggests that almost all people living with bipolar disorder face sleep difficulties. For those experiencing bipolar depression, the main sleep disruptions are insomnia and [hypersomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/hypersomnia), the need for excessive sleep.\n\nBy contrast, people in a manic state have a reduced need for sleep. This is different from the inability to sleep during periods of bipolar depression. For example, people may go several days without sleep. They may feel as though they have had adequate sleep and may appear highly energetic despite a lack of sleep.\n\nSome researchers propose that sleep disturbances in people with bipolar disorder are associated with variations in circadian rhythm [Trusted Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/editorial-policy) National Library of Medicine, Biotech InformationThe National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information.[View Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-79433) .\n\n### Substance Use Disorders\nInsomnia and substance use disorder (SUD) often accompany each other. People with insomnia are more likely to develop a substance use problem. In addition, troubles with insomnia are frequent in people recovering from a substance use disorder and can contribute to substance use relapse.\n\nPeople with SUD misuse substances such as prescription medications, [alcohol](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/nutrition\/alcohol-and-sleep), and illicit drugs due to changes in the brain or behavioral problems. Addiction is the most serious form of the disorder. Substance use disorder commonly occurs along with other mental health conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia.\n\nExperts suggest that ongoing misuse of substances like alcohol and drugs can disturb processes that regulate when people feel awake and when they feel sleepy.\n\nAlcohol has a sedative effect that can help people relax. For this reason, some people find it helpful to have a drink prior to bedtime. Research shows that over 10% of people use alcohol to help them sleep, but people with insomnia are even more likely to use alcohol.\n\nInsomnia typically predates a person’s alcohol abuse by almost a decade and is a significant risk factor for developing alcoholism. Alcohol misuse in people with insomnia is likely to make their symptoms worse. They may also have more significant changes in mood or performance.\n\nSubstance use can affect sleep whether someone is an active user, in withdrawal, or in recovery. Insomnia is a chief complaint for those managing sobriety, and sleep disruptions sometimes last for years after a person stops using substances. Research shows that ongoing insomnia during recovery increases the risk [Trusted Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/editorial-policy) UpToDateMore than 2 million healthcare providers around the world choose UpToDate to help make appropriate care decisions and drive better health outcomes. UpToDate delivers evidence-based clinical decision support that is clear, actionable, and rich with real-world insights.[View Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-177797) that a person will relapse and start using substances again.\n\nAnyone facing a substance abuse disorder should speak with a health care professional for support. A health provider can advise them about recovery programs, as well as effective treatments for insomnia and co-occurring mental health conditions.\n\n### Schizophrenia\nSchizophrenia is a mental health disorder marked by changes in a person’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings. People with schizophrenia may experience things that are not real or hold strong beliefs about things that are not true. It is not uncommon for people with schizophrenia to lack motivation, lose interest in everyday living, withdraw from family and friends, or fail to find pleasure or joy in life.\n\nPeople living with schizophrenia experience a range of sleep problems. Research suggests that a substantial portion of people living with schizophrenia report symptoms of insomnia. Other sleep disturbances arise in those living with schizophrenia as well, including disruptions in their [circadian rhythm](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/circadian-rhythm) and the way they progress through [sleep stages](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/stages-of-sleep) during the night.\n\nSimilar to substance use disorder, sleep disruptions may increase the risk of relapse in people receiving treatment for schizophrenia.\n\n## How Do You Treat Insomnia?\nThe two main [treatments for insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/treatment) are cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and prescription medications. According to experts, people should receive treatment [Trusted Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/editorial-policy) American Psychiatric Association (APA)The APA is an organization of psychiatrists working together to ensure humane care and effective treatment for all persons with mental illness, including substance use disorders.[View Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-187663) for their insomnia in addition to any treatment for their mental health conditions. Research shows that treating insomnia in addition to a mental health disorder can improve the effectiveness of treatment for both conditions.\n\n- **Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia**: [CBT-I](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/treatment\/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia) is the preferred initial treatment method for insomnia. Therapy includes elements aimed at identifying and reducing thoughts and behaviors that negatively affect sleep. A trained professional provides education on sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction therapy, relaxation exercises, basic sleep education, and other topics.\n- **Prescription medications**: Medications are generally reserved for people who do not respond to CBT-I. To have the greatest effect, medications should be used alongside CBT-I and education about good sleep habits. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved several classes of drugs to treat insomnia. In some cases, doctors may prescribe sedative drugs that are not approved for insomnia [Trusted Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/editorial-policy) UpToDateMore than 2 million healthcare providers around the world choose UpToDate to help make appropriate care decisions and drive better health outcomes. UpToDate delivers evidence-based clinical decision support that is clear, actionable, and rich with real-world insights.[View Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-187665) to treat the disorder.\n\n**“Behavioral therapies are the cornerstone in insomnia treatment. It is important to find trained professionals to deliver CBT-I.”**\n\n[Dr. Abhinav Singh](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/who-we-are#abhinav_singh), Sleep Physician\n\nThere are some unique considerations when treating insomnia in people who also receive therapy for mental health conditions. For example, some mental health medications can cause insomnia as a side effect. And certain types of medications should not be prescribed to people with substance use disorder, given the risk of abuse and overdose.\n\nFor these reasons, anyone being treated for a mental health condition and insomnia should work closely with their doctor to develop the most effective treatment plan and understand its risks and benefits.\n\n### Sleep Hygiene\nHealthy sleep habits are particularly important for people dealing with a mental health condition. Often referred to as [sleep hygiene](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-hygiene), healthy sleep habits help ensure that people get the rest they need to support their physical and mental health.\n\nSome people with mental health disorders may struggle to incorporate self-care practices like sleep hygiene into their daily routines. But there are some simple strategies that people may start with.\n\n- **Establish a sleep schedule**: People should consider their work, school, and social responsibilities, then set a regular bedtime and wake time that ensures they get the [recommended hours](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/how-sleep-works\/how-much-sleep-do-we-really-need) of sleep each night. It is important to stick to the same [sleep schedule](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-hygiene\/how-to-reset-your-sleep-routine) on both weekdays and weekends.\n- **Keep a sleep diary**: Keeping a [sleep diary](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-diary) can help people learn more about their sleep patterns and the effects on their mood and quality of life. Some people use trackers that allow them to log their sleep, medication adherence, and symptoms. This information can help them work with their health care providers to manage their mental health.\n- **Get plenty of light exposure**: [Light exposure](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/bedroom-environment\/light-and-sleep) helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle, one of the body’s circadian rhythms. Going outside for at least 30 minutes early in the day can help people feel more awake. In some cases, health care providers may suggest [light therapy](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/light-therapy) for people with insomnia and a mental health condition.\n- **Make time for exercise**: Getting 30 minutes of [exercise](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/physical-activity\/exercise-and-sleep) a day benefits both sleep and mental health. Exercise improves mood and helps people fall asleep more easily, though exercise should be avoided too close to bedtime.\n## When to Talk to a Doctor\nAnyone noticing a change in their sleep that lasts more than a few weeks should [talk with a doctor](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-studies\/how-to-talk-to-your-doctor-about-sleep). For some, it can be challenging to reach out for help the longer they wait. If possible, make notes about the sleep changes that have occurred and prepare any questions that would be helpful to have answered before speaking to a health care provider.\n\nTalking with a doctor about sleep symptoms is an important part of managing a mental health condition [Trusted Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/editorial-policy) National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)The NIMH is the lead federal agency for research on mental disorders.[View Source](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-187667) . Changes in sleep can be due to a host of factors, including the diagnosis or a side effect of treatment. Importantly, sleep problems can be signs of a relapse. Talk with a doctor right away if you notice changes that affect your mood or daytime functioning.\n\n![](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/themes\/onecaremedia-child\/assets\/images\/sf-question-bubble.svg)\n\n### Still have questions? Ask our community\\!\nJoin our [Sleep Care Community](https:\/\/community.sleepfoundation.org\/) — a trusted hub of sleep health professionals, product specialists, and people just like you. Whether you need expert sleep advice for your insomnia or you’re searching for the perfect mattress, we’ve got you covered. Get personalized guidance from the experts who know sleep best.\n\n[About Our Editorial Team](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us)\n\n![Annie Golding](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Annie-Golding-scaled-150x150.jpg)\n\nWritten By\n\n### Annie Golding,  Senior Writer\n\nAnnie Golding is an editor with 20 years of experience in health education. Annie lives in Seattle with her two kids and cat Gus.\n\n![Abhinav Singh, MD, MPH, FAASM](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Dr.-Abhinav-Singh-SF-150x150.jpg)\n\nMedically Reviewed by\n\n### Abhinav Singh, MD, MPH, FAASM,  Sleep Medicine Physician   MD\n\nDr. Abhinav Singh, board certified in Sleep Medicine and Internal Medicine, is the Medical Director of the Indiana Sleep Center, which is accredited by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. He is also a Clinical Assistant Professor at Marian University College of Medicine in Indianapolis, where he developed and teaches a Sleep Medicine rotation. Dr. Singh’s research and clinical practice focuses on sleep disorders, including excessive daytime sleepiness, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, chronic snoring, insomnia, and sleep education.\n\n[Learn more about our Editorial Team](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/who-we-are#team)\n\n## References 9 Sources\n1. Winkelman, J. W. (2023, February 7). Overview of the treatment of insomnia in adults. In R. Benca (Ed.). UpToDate., Retrieved February 16, 2023, from\n   <https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/overview-of-the-treatment-of-insomnia-in-adults>\n2. Bonnet, M. H., & Arrand, D. L. (2022, October 4). Evaluation and diagnosis of insomnia in adults. In R. Benca (Ed.). UpToDate., Retrieved February 16, 2023, from\n   <https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/evaluation-and-diagnosis-of-insomnia-in-adults>\n3. Seow, L. S. E., Verma, S. K., Mok, Y. M., Kumar, S., Chang, S., Satghare, P., Hombali, A., Vaingankar, J., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2018). Evaluating DSM-5 insomnia disorder and the treatment of sleep problems in a psychiatric population. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 14(2), 237–244.\n   <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29394962\/>\n4. Nutt, D., Wilson, S., & Paterson, L. (2008). Sleep disorders as core symptoms of depression. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 10(3), 329–336.\n   <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18979946\/>\n5. Gold, A. K., & Sylvia, L. G. (2016). The role of sleep in bipolar disorder. Nature and science of sleep, 8, 207–214.\n   <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27418862\/>\n6. Bonnet, M., & Arand, D. (2022, April 15). Risk factors, comorbidities, and consequences of insomnia in adults. In R. Benca (Ed.). UpToDate., Retrieved February 28, 2023, from\n   <https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/risk-factors-comorbidities-and-consequences-of-insomnia-in-adults>\n7. American Psychiatric Association. (2020, August). What are sleep disorders?, Retrieved March 1, 2023, from\n   <https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/sleep-disorders\/what-are-sleep-disorders>\n8. Neubauer, D. N. (2022, December 19). Pharmacotherapy for insomnia in adults. In R. Benca & J. G. Elmore (Eds.). UpToDate., Retrieved March 1, 2023, from\n   <https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/pharmacotherapy-for-insomnia-in-adults>\n9. National Institute of Mental Health. (2022, November). Help for mental illnesses., Retrieved March 1, 2023, from\n   <https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/find-help>\n\n## Learn More About Insomnia\n[![Early-Morning Shiftwork Affects Overnight Blood Pressure, Increases Risk of Cardiovascular Disease](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Symptoms-of-Insomnia-300x200.jpg)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/symptoms)\n\n[Symptoms of Insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/symptoms)\n\nBy Daniel Noyed  July 10, 2025\n***\n\n[![Diagnosing Insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Diganosing-Insomnia-300x200.jpg)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/diagnosis)\n\n[Diagnosing Insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/diagnosis)\n\nBy Lauren Fountain  July 10, 2025\n***\n\n[![Treatments for Insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Treatments-for-Insomnia-300x200.jpg)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/treatment)\n\n[Treatments for Insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/treatment)\n\nBy Logan Foley  July 10, 2025\n***\n\n[![Stock photo of woman listening to guided meditation before sleep](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Sleep-Meditation-300x200.jpg)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/treatment\/what-do-when-you-cant-sleep)\n\n[Can’t Sleep? 9 Techniques to Try](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/treatment\/what-do-when-you-cant-sleep)\n\nBy Lucy Bryan  July 10, 2025\n***\n\n[![Woman seated in bed suffering from insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Insomnia-and-Women-300x200.jpg)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/insomnia-women)\n\n[Insomnia and Women](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/insomnia-women)\n\nBy Lucy Bryan  July 10, 2025\n***\n\n[![senior sleeping](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/senior-sleeping-300x199.jpg)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/older-adults)\n\n[Insomnia and Older Adults](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/older-adults)\n\nBy Alexa Fry  July 10, 2025\n***\n\n[![Woman with Insomnia lying in bed looking at clock](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Types-of-Insomnia-300x200.jpg)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/types-of-insomnia)\n\n[What Are the Different Types of Insomnia?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/types-of-insomnia)\n\nBy Eric Suni  July 10, 2025\n***\n\n[![Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I): An Overview](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/14-NSF-9-L-Woman-sleeping-lying-on-pebbles_2880x1400.jpg)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/treatment\/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia)\n\n[Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I): An Overview](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/treatment\/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia)\n\nBy Rob Newsom  July 10, 2025\n***\n\n[![Stressed woman rubbing temples](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Stress-and-Insomnia-300x200.jpg)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/stress-and-insomnia)\n\n[Stress and Insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/stress-and-insomnia)\n\nBy Eric Suni  July 10, 2025\n\n## Other Articles of Interest\n### How Sleep Works\n[How to Lucid Dream?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/dreams\/lucid-dreams)   [Recommended Sleep Times](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/how-sleep-works\/how-much-sleep-do-we-really-need)   [Why Do We Need Sleep?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/how-sleep-works\/why-do-we-need-sleep)   [Can You Catch Up On Sleep?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/how-sleep-works\/sleep-debt-and-catch-up-sleep)   [What Happens When You Sleep?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/how-sleep-works\/what-happens-when-you-sleep)\n\n### Children, Teens & Sleep\n[When Do Kids Stop Napping?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/children-and-sleep\/when-do-kids-stop-napping)   [Why is Sleep Important For Children?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/children-and-sleep)   [Bedtime Routines for Kids](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/children-and-sleep\/bedtime-routine)   [How Does Blue Light Affect Kids Sleep?](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/children-and-sleep\/how-blue-light-affects-kids-sleep)   [Sleep Strategies for Kids](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/children-and-sleep\/sleep-strategies-kids)\n\n### Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders\n[Non-24 Sleep Wake Disorder](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/non-24-sleep-wake-disorder)   [Shift Work Disorder](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/shift-work-disorder)   [Learn About Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/circadian-rhythm-sleep-disorders)   [Jet Lag](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/travel-and-sleep\/jet-lag)\n\n### Sleep Solutions\n[Best Mattress](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress)   [Mattress Reviews](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mattress-reviews)   [Best Pillows](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-pillows)   [Best Mattress for Side Sleepers](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress\/best-mattress-for-side-sleepers)   [Best Mattress for Back Pain](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/best-mattress\/best-mattress-for-back-pain)\n\n[![Sleep Foundation Logo](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/sd-logo-footer.svg)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/)\n\n**Sleep Foundation** and **SleepFoundation.org** are not affiliated with the National Sleep Foundation, an independent nonprofit based in Washington, DC.\n\nThe content on this website is for informational purposes only. SleepFoundation.org does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment options.\n\nSleep Information\n\n- [Sleep Products](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-solutions)\n- [Sleep Health](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-topics)\n- [Sleep Disorders](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-disorders)\n- [Sleep News](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-news)\n\nSleep Foundation\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/contact)\n- [Sleep Care Community](https:\/\/community.sleepfoundation.org\/)\n- [How We Review Products](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/research-methodology)\n\nSleep Profile\n\nYour daily habits and environment can significantly impact the quality of your sleep. Take the Sleep Quiz to help inform your sleep improvement journey.\n\n[Take the Quiz](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-quiz)\n### Explore Sleep Foundation\n\n- [Editorial Policy](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/editorial-policy)\n- [Advertising Disclosure](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/advertising-disclosure)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/privacy-policy)\n- [Terms & Conditions](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/terms-of-use)\n- [Accessibility Statement](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/accessibility-statement)\n- [Your Privacy Choices](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness)\n\n© 2026 [Sleep Doctor Holdings](https:\/\/corporate.sleepdoctor.com\/), LLC. All rights reserved.","attrs_readable_markdown":"If you or someone you know is in crisis, dial 988 to reach the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline, which provides 24\/7, free, and confidential support.\n\nInsomnia is one of the main categories of sleep disorders and can be a stand-alone condition for some people. But for many others, insomnia goes hand-in-hand with the diagnosis of a mental health disorder. In fact, approximately 50% of people living with insomnia also have a mental health condition.\n\nThe relationship between mental illness and insomnia is complex. Experts believe that insomnia impacts a person’s mental health, but also that mental health can affect a person’s sleep.\n## How Are Insomnia and Mental Illness Connected?\n[Insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia) and mental health problems commonly coexist. The majority of people with mental health problems have insomnia, and roughly a third of people diagnosed with chronic insomnia have a mental health condition.\n\nPeople with insomnia experience challenges with falling and staying asleep. They also exhibit daytime symptoms that may overlap with the symptoms of a range of mental health conditions. These can include:\n\n- Irritability\n- Negative social, educational, and work consequences\n- Lack of energy and motivation\n- Aggression\n- Hyperactivity\n- Impulsivity\n- Trouble with concentration and attention\n- Mood changes\n\nIt can be difficult for doctors to determine which disorder began first and whether there is a causal relationship between insomnia and a mental health condition. Rather, experts have concluded that there is a bidirectional relationship between insomnia and mental health, meaning that sleep and [mental health](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mental-health) greatly influence one another.\n\nFor people living with insomnia, not getting enough sleep or getting poor-quality sleep can increase the risk of developing a mental health condition, make the symptoms of an existing condition worse, or impede the effectiveness of treatment.\n\nEvidence shows that [sleep deprivation](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-deprivation) can cause mood changes similar to those seen with anxiety and depression. In other words, people with insomnia may be irritable and have a negative outlook. They may also have a reduced libido or lapses in judgment.\n\nLethargy is also common, which can lead to drowsiness and an increased need for [naps](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/napping). People with insomnia may find themselves falling asleep at unacceptable times. Relationships with partners and others can become strained, and they may withdraw from their normal range of activities. Work performance can also suffer, to the extent that people are denied promotions or let go from their jobs.\n\nPeople living with a mental health condition who are diagnosed with a sleep disorder face unique challenges. The symptoms of their mental health condition may be made more severe by disordered sleep, and their treatment may not be as helpful. Overall, those with mental health conditions and insomnia may be less able to handle the tasks of daily living.\n\n## Say Goodbye to Insomnia\nSign up to receive emails about how to improve your sleep, as well as our comprehensive Better Sleep Guidebook.\n\n![](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Email-Capture-Icon.svg)\n\nSleep problems are associated with many mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and others.\n\n### Depression\nInsomnia is a main feature of [depression](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mental-health\/depression-and-sleep). Approximately 90% of people with this mental health condition have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. As with other mental health conditions, sleep disruptions increase the risk for developing depression, and episodes of depression can make sleep more challenging.\n\nPeople with depression experience a wide variety of symptoms, including:\n\n- Hopelessness or sadness\n- Irritability, annoyance, or anger\n- Changes in weight and appetite\n- Fatigue\n- Feelings of failure, guilt, and worthlessness\n- Difficulty making decisions\n- Memory problems\n- Issues with concentration\n\nPeople who are diagnosed with depression frequently report having insomnia beforehand. Research also shows that a person’s sleep quality may predict the likelihood of relapsing . In other words, sleep quality may decline before a person is faced with an episode of depression.\n\nEvidence shows that sleep patterns differ in people living with depression. They often take longer to fall asleep, which can lead to sleep deprivation. Data also reveals changes in patterns of [rapid eye movement (REM)](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/stages-of-sleep\/rem-sleep) sleep and reduced [slow-wave sleep](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/stages-of-sleep\/slow-wave-sleep). Taken together, these differences in sleep patterns may be indicators of depression in those who are undiagnosed.\n\n### Anxiety Disorders\nA majority of people with [anxiety disorders](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mental-health\/anxiety-and-sleep) find it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep. Many people have intermittent worry or anxiety over life stressors that disrupt their sleep on occasion. However, anxiety disorders are different in that they bring about fear and worry that does not resolve. Unresolved worry can affect a person’s long-term ability to get a good night’s rest, as well as disrupt their work, school life, and personal relationships.\n\n- **Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)**: General anxiety disorder occurs in roughly 5% to 10% of the population. Disturbed sleep is one of the diagnostic criteria for GAD. It can be hard to tease out whether GAD or disturbed sleep began first, since both disorders share similar symptoms, such as changes in daytime functioning and mood.\n- **Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)**: Up to 90% of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder experience insomnia. [Nightmares](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/dreams\/how-trauma-can-affect-dreams) are frequent in people with [PTSD](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/mental-health\/ptsd-and-sleep), which can make people fearful of falling back to sleep.\n### Bipolar Disorder\nBipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by changes in mood, concentration, and energy levels. People with bipolar disorder fluctuate between periods of depression, excited behavior, and in some cases mania. People’s sleep patterns can be very different in each of these states.\n\nEvidence suggests that almost all people living with bipolar disorder face sleep difficulties. For those experiencing bipolar depression, the main sleep disruptions are insomnia and [hypersomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/hypersomnia), the need for excessive sleep.\n\nBy contrast, people in a manic state have a reduced need for sleep. This is different from the inability to sleep during periods of bipolar depression. For example, people may go several days without sleep. They may feel as though they have had adequate sleep and may appear highly energetic despite a lack of sleep.\n\nSome researchers propose that sleep disturbances in people with bipolar disorder are associated with variations in circadian rhythm .\n\n### Substance Use Disorders\nInsomnia and substance use disorder (SUD) often accompany each other. People with insomnia are more likely to develop a substance use problem. In addition, troubles with insomnia are frequent in people recovering from a substance use disorder and can contribute to substance use relapse.\n\nPeople with SUD misuse substances such as prescription medications, [alcohol](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/nutrition\/alcohol-and-sleep), and illicit drugs due to changes in the brain or behavioral problems. Addiction is the most serious form of the disorder. Substance use disorder commonly occurs along with other mental health conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia.\n\nExperts suggest that ongoing misuse of substances like alcohol and drugs can disturb processes that regulate when people feel awake and when they feel sleepy.\n\nAlcohol has a sedative effect that can help people relax. For this reason, some people find it helpful to have a drink prior to bedtime. Research shows that over 10% of people use alcohol to help them sleep, but people with insomnia are even more likely to use alcohol.\n\nInsomnia typically predates a person’s alcohol abuse by almost a decade and is a significant risk factor for developing alcoholism. Alcohol misuse in people with insomnia is likely to make their symptoms worse. They may also have more significant changes in mood or performance.\n\nSubstance use can affect sleep whether someone is an active user, in withdrawal, or in recovery. Insomnia is a chief complaint for those managing sobriety, and sleep disruptions sometimes last for years after a person stops using substances. Research shows that ongoing insomnia during recovery increases the risk that a person will relapse and start using substances again.\n\nAnyone facing a substance abuse disorder should speak with a health care professional for support. A health provider can advise them about recovery programs, as well as effective treatments for insomnia and co-occurring mental health conditions.\n\n### Schizophrenia\nSchizophrenia is a mental health disorder marked by changes in a person’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings. People with schizophrenia may experience things that are not real or hold strong beliefs about things that are not true. It is not uncommon for people with schizophrenia to lack motivation, lose interest in everyday living, withdraw from family and friends, or fail to find pleasure or joy in life.\n\nPeople living with schizophrenia experience a range of sleep problems. Research suggests that a substantial portion of people living with schizophrenia report symptoms of insomnia. Other sleep disturbances arise in those living with schizophrenia as well, including disruptions in their [circadian rhythm](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/circadian-rhythm) and the way they progress through [sleep stages](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/stages-of-sleep) during the night.\n\nSimilar to substance use disorder, sleep disruptions may increase the risk of relapse in people receiving treatment for schizophrenia.\n\nThe two main [treatments for insomnia](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/treatment) are cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and prescription medications. According to experts, people should receive treatment for their insomnia in addition to any treatment for their mental health conditions. Research shows that treating insomnia in addition to a mental health disorder can improve the effectiveness of treatment for both conditions.\n\n- **Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia**: [CBT-I](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/insomnia\/treatment\/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia) is the preferred initial treatment method for insomnia. Therapy includes elements aimed at identifying and reducing thoughts and behaviors that negatively affect sleep. A trained professional provides education on sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction therapy, relaxation exercises, basic sleep education, and other topics.\n- **Prescription medications**: Medications are generally reserved for people who do not respond to CBT-I. To have the greatest effect, medications should be used alongside CBT-I and education about good sleep habits. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved several classes of drugs to treat insomnia. In some cases, doctors may prescribe sedative drugs that are not approved for insomnia to treat the disorder.\n\n**“Behavioral therapies are the cornerstone in insomnia treatment. It is important to find trained professionals to deliver CBT-I.”**\n\n[Dr. Abhinav Singh](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/about-us\/who-we-are#abhinav_singh), Sleep Physician\n\nThere are some unique considerations when treating insomnia in people who also receive therapy for mental health conditions. For example, some mental health medications can cause insomnia as a side effect. And certain types of medications should not be prescribed to people with substance use disorder, given the risk of abuse and overdose.\n\nFor these reasons, anyone being treated for a mental health condition and insomnia should work closely with their doctor to develop the most effective treatment plan and understand its risks and benefits.\n\n### Sleep Hygiene\nHealthy sleep habits are particularly important for people dealing with a mental health condition. Often referred to as [sleep hygiene](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-hygiene), healthy sleep habits help ensure that people get the rest they need to support their physical and mental health.\n\nSome people with mental health disorders may struggle to incorporate self-care practices like sleep hygiene into their daily routines. But there are some simple strategies that people may start with.\n\n- **Establish a sleep schedule**: People should consider their work, school, and social responsibilities, then set a regular bedtime and wake time that ensures they get the [recommended hours](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/how-sleep-works\/how-much-sleep-do-we-really-need) of sleep each night. It is important to stick to the same [sleep schedule](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-hygiene\/how-to-reset-your-sleep-routine) on both weekdays and weekends.\n- **Keep a sleep diary**: Keeping a [sleep diary](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-diary) can help people learn more about their sleep patterns and the effects on their mood and quality of life. Some people use trackers that allow them to log their sleep, medication adherence, and symptoms. This information can help them work with their health care providers to manage their mental health.\n- **Get plenty of light exposure**: [Light exposure](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/bedroom-environment\/light-and-sleep) helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle, one of the body’s circadian rhythms. Going outside for at least 30 minutes early in the day can help people feel more awake. In some cases, health care providers may suggest [light therapy](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/light-therapy) for people with insomnia and a mental health condition.\n- **Make time for exercise**: Getting 30 minutes of [exercise](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/physical-activity\/exercise-and-sleep) a day benefits both sleep and mental health. Exercise improves mood and helps people fall asleep more easily, though exercise should be avoided too close to bedtime.\n\nAnyone noticing a change in their sleep that lasts more than a few weeks should [talk with a doctor](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-studies\/how-to-talk-to-your-doctor-about-sleep). For some, it can be challenging to reach out for help the longer they wait. If possible, make notes about the sleep changes that have occurred and prepare any questions that would be helpful to have answered before speaking to a health care provider.\n\nTalking with a doctor about sleep symptoms is an important part of managing a mental health condition . Changes in sleep can be due to a host of factors, including the diagnosis or a side effect of treatment. Importantly, sleep problems can be signs of a relapse. Talk with a doctor right away if you notice changes that affect your mood or daytime functioning.\n\n![](https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/wp-content\/themes\/onecaremedia-child\/assets\/images\/sf-question-bubble.svg)\n\n### Still have questions? Ask our community\\!\nJoin our [Sleep Care Community](https:\/\/community.sleepfoundation.org\/) — a trusted hub of sleep health professionals, product specialists, and people just like you. Whether you need expert sleep advice for your insomnia or you’re searching for the perfect mattress, we’ve got you covered. Get personalized guidance from the experts who know sleep best.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Is Insomnia a Mental Illness? \| Sleep Foundation
Meta Description	Insomnia is a sleep disorder that has a complex relationship with mental illness. Learn about insomnia and mental health and the importance of treatment.
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Boilerpipe Text	If you or someone you know is in crisis, dial 988 to reach the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline, which provides 24/7, free, and confidential support. Insomnia is one of the main categories of sleep disorders and can be a stand-alone condition for some people. But for many others, insomnia goes hand-in-hand with the diagnosis of a mental health disorder. In fact, approximately 50% of people living with insomnia also have a mental health condition. The relationship between mental illness and insomnia is complex. Experts believe that insomnia impacts a person’s mental health, but also that mental health can affect a person’s sleep. How Are Insomnia and Mental Illness Connected? Insomnia and mental health problems commonly coexist. The majority of people with mental health problems have insomnia, and roughly a third of people diagnosed with chronic insomnia have a mental health condition. People with insomnia experience challenges with falling and staying asleep. They also exhibit daytime symptoms that may overlap with the symptoms of a range of mental health conditions. These can include: Irritability Negative social, educational, and work consequences Lack of energy and motivation Aggression Hyperactivity Impulsivity Trouble with concentration and attention Mood changes It can be difficult for doctors to determine which disorder began first and whether there is a causal relationship between insomnia and a mental health condition. Rather, experts have concluded that there is a bidirectional relationship between insomnia and mental health, meaning that sleep and mental health greatly influence one another. For people living with insomnia, not getting enough sleep or getting poor-quality sleep can increase the risk of developing a mental health condition, make the symptoms of an existing condition worse, or impede the effectiveness of treatment. Evidence shows that sleep deprivation can cause mood changes similar to those seen with anxiety and depression. In other words, people with insomnia may be irritable and have a negative outlook. They may also have a reduced libido or lapses in judgment. Lethargy is also common, which can lead to drowsiness and an increased need for naps . People with insomnia may find themselves falling asleep at unacceptable times. Relationships with partners and others can become strained, and they may withdraw from their normal range of activities. Work performance can also suffer, to the extent that people are denied promotions or let go from their jobs. People living with a mental health condition who are diagnosed with a sleep disorder face unique challenges. The symptoms of their mental health condition may be made more severe by disordered sleep, and their treatment may not be as helpful. Overall, those with mental health conditions and insomnia may be less able to handle the tasks of daily living. Say Goodbye to Insomnia Sign up to receive emails about how to improve your sleep, as well as our comprehensive Better Sleep Guidebook. Sleep problems are associated with many mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and others. Depression Insomnia is a main feature of depression . Approximately 90% of people with this mental health condition have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. As with other mental health conditions, sleep disruptions increase the risk for developing depression, and episodes of depression can make sleep more challenging. People with depression experience a wide variety of symptoms, including: Hopelessness or sadness Irritability, annoyance, or anger Changes in weight and appetite Fatigue Feelings of failure, guilt, and worthlessness Difficulty making decisions Memory problems Issues with concentration People who are diagnosed with depression frequently report having insomnia beforehand. Research also shows that a person’s sleep quality may predict the likelihood of relapsing . In other words, sleep quality may decline before a person is faced with an episode of depression. Evidence shows that sleep patterns differ in people living with depression. They often take longer to fall asleep, which can lead to sleep deprivation. Data also reveals changes in patterns of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and reduced slow-wave sleep . Taken together, these differences in sleep patterns may be indicators of depression in those who are undiagnosed. Anxiety Disorders A majority of people with anxiety disorders find it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep. Many people have intermittent worry or anxiety over life stressors that disrupt their sleep on occasion. However, anxiety disorders are different in that they bring about fear and worry that does not resolve. Unresolved worry can affect a person’s long-term ability to get a good night’s rest, as well as disrupt their work, school life, and personal relationships. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) : General anxiety disorder occurs in roughly 5% to 10% of the population. Disturbed sleep is one of the diagnostic criteria for GAD. It can be hard to tease out whether GAD or disturbed sleep began first, since both disorders share similar symptoms, such as changes in daytime functioning and mood. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) : Up to 90% of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder experience insomnia. Nightmares are frequent in people with PTSD , which can make people fearful of falling back to sleep. Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by changes in mood, concentration, and energy levels. People with bipolar disorder fluctuate between periods of depression, excited behavior, and in some cases mania. People’s sleep patterns can be very different in each of these states. Evidence suggests that almost all people living with bipolar disorder face sleep difficulties. For those experiencing bipolar depression, the main sleep disruptions are insomnia and hypersomnia , the need for excessive sleep. By contrast, people in a manic state have a reduced need for sleep. This is different from the inability to sleep during periods of bipolar depression. For example, people may go several days without sleep. They may feel as though they have had adequate sleep and may appear highly energetic despite a lack of sleep. Some researchers propose that sleep disturbances in people with bipolar disorder are associated with variations in circadian rhythm . Substance Use Disorders Insomnia and substance use disorder (SUD) often accompany each other. People with insomnia are more likely to develop a substance use problem. In addition, troubles with insomnia are frequent in people recovering from a substance use disorder and can contribute to substance use relapse. People with SUD misuse substances such as prescription medications, alcohol , and illicit drugs due to changes in the brain or behavioral problems. Addiction is the most serious form of the disorder. Substance use disorder commonly occurs along with other mental health conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. Experts suggest that ongoing misuse of substances like alcohol and drugs can disturb processes that regulate when people feel awake and when they feel sleepy. Alcohol has a sedative effect that can help people relax. For this reason, some people find it helpful to have a drink prior to bedtime. Research shows that over 10% of people use alcohol to help them sleep, but people with insomnia are even more likely to use alcohol. Insomnia typically predates a person’s alcohol abuse by almost a decade and is a significant risk factor for developing alcoholism. Alcohol misuse in people with insomnia is likely to make their symptoms worse. They may also have more significant changes in mood or performance. Substance use can affect sleep whether someone is an active user, in withdrawal, or in recovery. Insomnia is a chief complaint for those managing sobriety, and sleep disruptions sometimes last for years after a person stops using substances. Research shows that ongoing insomnia during recovery increases the risk that a person will relapse and start using substances again. Anyone facing a substance abuse disorder should speak with a health care professional for support. A health provider can advise them about recovery programs, as well as effective treatments for insomnia and co-occurring mental health conditions. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental health disorder marked by changes in a person’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings. People with schizophrenia may experience things that are not real or hold strong beliefs about things that are not true. It is not uncommon for people with schizophrenia to lack motivation, lose interest in everyday living, withdraw from family and friends, or fail to find pleasure or joy in life. People living with schizophrenia experience a range of sleep problems. Research suggests that a substantial portion of people living with schizophrenia report symptoms of insomnia. Other sleep disturbances arise in those living with schizophrenia as well, including disruptions in their circadian rhythm and the way they progress through sleep stages during the night. Similar to substance use disorder, sleep disruptions may increase the risk of relapse in people receiving treatment for schizophrenia. The two main treatments for insomnia are cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and prescription medications. According to experts, people should receive treatment for their insomnia in addition to any treatment for their mental health conditions. Research shows that treating insomnia in addition to a mental health disorder can improve the effectiveness of treatment for both conditions. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia : CBT-I is the preferred initial treatment method for insomnia. Therapy includes elements aimed at identifying and reducing thoughts and behaviors that negatively affect sleep. A trained professional provides education on sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction therapy, relaxation exercises, basic sleep education, and other topics. Prescription medications : Medications are generally reserved for people who do not respond to CBT-I. To have the greatest effect, medications should be used alongside CBT-I and education about good sleep habits. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved several classes of drugs to treat insomnia. In some cases, doctors may prescribe sedative drugs that are not approved for insomnia to treat the disorder. “Behavioral therapies are the cornerstone in insomnia treatment. It is important to find trained professionals to deliver CBT-I.” Dr. Abhinav Singh , Sleep Physician There are some unique considerations when treating insomnia in people who also receive therapy for mental health conditions. For example, some mental health medications can cause insomnia as a side effect. And certain types of medications should not be prescribed to people with substance use disorder, given the risk of abuse and overdose. For these reasons, anyone being treated for a mental health condition and insomnia should work closely with their doctor to develop the most effective treatment plan and understand its risks and benefits. Sleep Hygiene Healthy sleep habits are particularly important for people dealing with a mental health condition. Often referred to as sleep hygiene , healthy sleep habits help ensure that people get the rest they need to support their physical and mental health. Some people with mental health disorders may struggle to incorporate self-care practices like sleep hygiene into their daily routines. But there are some simple strategies that people may start with. Establish a sleep schedule : People should consider their work, school, and social responsibilities, then set a regular bedtime and wake time that ensures they get the recommended hours of sleep each night. It is important to stick to the same sleep schedule on both weekdays and weekends. Keep a sleep diary : Keeping a sleep diary can help people learn more about their sleep patterns and the effects on their mood and quality of life. Some people use trackers that allow them to log their sleep, medication adherence, and symptoms. This information can help them work with their health care providers to manage their mental health. Get plenty of light exposure : Light exposure helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle, one of the body’s circadian rhythms. Going outside for at least 30 minutes early in the day can help people feel more awake. In some cases, health care providers may suggest light therapy for people with insomnia and a mental health condition. Make time for exercise : Getting 30 minutes of exercise a day benefits both sleep and mental health. Exercise improves mood and helps people fall asleep more easily, though exercise should be avoided too close to bedtime. Anyone noticing a change in their sleep that lasts more than a few weeks should talk with a doctor . For some, it can be challenging to reach out for help the longer they wait. If possible, make notes about the sleep changes that have occurred and prepare any questions that would be helpful to have answered before speaking to a health care provider. Talking with a doctor about sleep symptoms is an important part of managing a mental health condition . Changes in sleep can be due to a host of factors, including the diagnosis or a side effect of treatment. Importantly, sleep problems can be signs of a relapse. Talk with a doctor right away if you notice changes that affect your mood or daytime functioning. Still have questions? Ask our community! Join our Sleep Care Community — a trusted hub of sleep health professionals, product specialists, and people just like you. Whether you need expert sleep advice for your insomnia or you’re searching for the perfect mattress, we’ve got you covered. Get personalized guidance from the experts who know sleep best.
Markdown	[Skip to content](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#post_content) [![Sleep Foundation Logo](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/sd-logo.svg)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/) ![Sleep Foundation Logo](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/sd-logo.svg) ![Sleep Foundation Logo](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/sd-logo.svg) SLEEP PRODUCTS - Mattresses Mattresses - [All Mattresses](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress) - [Best Mattress of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress) - Best of - [Best Mattress for Side Sleepers](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-mattress-for-side-sleepers) - [Best Mattress for Back Pain](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-mattress-for-back-pain) - [Best Mattress for Hip Pain](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-mattress-for-hip-pain) - [Best Mattress for Heavy People](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-mattress-for-heavy-sleepers) - 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Sleep Solutions Sleep Solutions - [All Solutions](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-solutions) - Get Sleep Tested - [Buy an At-Home Sleep Test](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/home-sleep-test?cta_location=main_menu) - [What's an At-Home Sleep Test?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-studies/at-home-sleep-study) - [How Does a Sleep Study Work?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-studies/how-does-a-sleep-study-work) - [How Much Does a Sleep Study Cost?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-studies/how-much-does-a-sleep-study-cost) - Sleep Therapy - [The Best CPAP Machines](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-cpap-machines) - [Top-Rated CPAP Masks](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-cpap-mask) - [Need Therapy? Start Here](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/home-sleep-test?cta_location=main_menu) - [The Best Anti-Snoring Mouthpieces](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-anti-snoring-mouthpieces-and-mouthguards) - [Mouth Taping](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/snoring/mouth-taping-for-sleep) - [CPAP Alternatives](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-apnea/alternatives-to-cpap) - [The Best Sleep Apps of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sleep-apps) - [The Best Magnesium Supplements](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/magnesium/best-magnesium-for-sleep) - [Best Sleep Supplements](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-aids/natural-sleep-aids) - Sleep Environment - [The Best Sleep Trackers We've Tested](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sleep-trackers) - [Top-Rated White Noise Machines](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sleep-products/best-white-noise-machines) - [The Best Adjustable Beds](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-adjustable-bed) - [Our Favorite Bed Frames](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-bed-frames) - [Blue Light Blocking Glasses](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sleep-products/best-blue-light-blocking-glasses) - [Wake-Up Lights](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sleep-products/best-wake-up-lights) - [Sleep Masks](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sleep-products/best-sleep-masks) SLEEP HEALTH & WELLNESS - Mattresses Mattresses - [All](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress) - [Best Mattress of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress) - Best of - SLEEPER TYPE - [Best Mattress for Side Sleepers](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-mattress-for-side-sleepers) - [Best Mattress for Back Pain](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-mattress-for-back-pain) - [Best Mattress for Hip Pain](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-mattress-for-hip-pain) - [Best Mattress for Heavy People](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-mattress-for-heavy-sleepers) - MATERIAL - [Best Memory Foam Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-memory-foam-mattress) - [Best Latex Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-latex-mattress) - [Best Innerspring Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-innerspring-mattress) - [Best Hybrid Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-hybrid-mattress) - COMFORT - [Best Cooling Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-cooling-mattress) - [Best Firm Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-firm-mattress) - [Best Organic Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-organic-mattresses) - [Most Comfortable Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/most-comfortable-mattresses) - OTHER - [Best Mattress in a Box](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-mattress-in-a-box) - [Best Affordable Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-cheap-mattress) - [Best King Size Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-king-mattress) - [Best Mattress for Kids](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-mattress-for-kids) - [![Mattress Finder](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mattresses-in-the-Sleep-Foundation-Test-Lab-3-300x125.jpg) Mattress Finder](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-quiz/results) [![mattress sizes](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/mattress-sizes-300x225.jpg) Mattress Sizes 101: Finding Your Perfect Fit](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-sizes) - Reviews - POPULAR BRANDS - [Casper](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-reviews/casper-mattress-review) - [Saatva](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-reviews/saatva-mattress-review) - [Sleep Number](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-reviews/sleep-number-classic-series-mattress-review) - FOAM - [Nectar Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-reviews/nectar-mattress-review) - [Bear](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-reviews/bear-mattress-review) - [Loom & Leaf](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-reviews/loom-and-leaf-mattress-review) - [Tempur-Pedic](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-reviews/tempurpedic-adapt-mattress-review) - HYBRID - [Helix Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-reviews/helix-mattress-review) - [DreamCloud Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-reviews/dreamcloud-mattress-review) - [WinkBed Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-reviews/winkbed-mattress-review) - [![Mattress Finder](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mattresses-in-the-Sleep-Foundation-Test-Lab-3-300x125.jpg) Mattress Finder](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-quiz/results) [![mattress sizes](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/mattress-sizes-300x225.jpg) Mattress Sizes 101: Finding Your Perfect Fit](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-sizes) - Compare - MATTRESS MATCH - [Mattress Finder Tool](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-quiz/results) - [Take the Mattress Quiz](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-quiz) - POPULAR BRANDS - [Nectar vs. Casper](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-comparisons/nectar-vs-casper) - [Tempur-Pedic vs. Sleep Number](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-comparisons/tempurpedic-vs-sleep-number) - LEARN - [Do You Need a Box Spring?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-information/do-you-need-a-box-spring) - [What is Memory Foam?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-information/what-is-memory-foam) - [![Mattress Finder](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mattresses-in-the-Sleep-Foundation-Test-Lab-3-300x125.jpg) Mattress Finder](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-quiz/results) [![mattress sizes](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/mattress-sizes-300x225.jpg) Mattress Sizes 101: Finding Your Perfect Fit](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-sizes) - [All Mattresses](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress) - Bedding Bedding - [All](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-bedding) - Pillows & Bedding - PILLOWS - [The Best Pillows of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-pillows) - [The Best Pillows for Side Sleepers](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-pillows/best-pillow-for-side-sleepers) - [The Best Pillows for Neck Pain](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-pillows/best-pillow-for-neck-pain) - SHEETS - [Top-Rated Bed Sheets](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sheets) - [Best Cooling Sheets](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sheets/best-cooling-sheets) - BEDDING - [The Best Weighted Blankets of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-weighted-blankets) - [The Best Bedding of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-bedding) - [The Best Comforters](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-bedding/best-comforter) - [![Best Cooling Comforters of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Saatva-Lightweight-Down-Alternative-Comforter-253x140-1.jpeg) Best Cooling Comforters of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-bedding/best-cooling-comforter) - Mattress Toppers & More - MATTRESS TOPPERS - [The Best Mattress Toppers](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress-toppers) - [Best Cooling Mattress Toppers](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress-toppers/best-cooling-mattress-topper) - [Best Memory Foam Mattress Toppers](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress-toppers/best-memory-foam-mattress-topper) - MATTRESS PADS - [Best Mattress Pads](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress-pads) - [Cooling Mattress Pads](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress-pads/best-cooling-mattress-pad) - PROTECTORS - [The Best Mattress Protectors of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress-protectors) - [Best Full Mattress Encasements](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress-protectors/best-mattress-encasements) - [![Best Cooling Comforters of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Saatva-Lightweight-Down-Alternative-Comforter-253x140-1.jpeg) Best Cooling Comforters of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-bedding/best-cooling-comforter) - [All Bedding](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-bedding) - Sleep Solutions Sleep Solutions - [All Solutions](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-solutions) - Get Sleep Tested - AT-HOME TESTING - [Buy an At-Home Sleep Test](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/home-sleep-test?cta_location=main_menu) - [What's an At-Home Sleep Test?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-studies/at-home-sleep-study) - IN-LAB TESTING - [How Does a Sleep Study Work?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-studies/how-does-a-sleep-study-work) - [How Much Does a Sleep Study Cost?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-studies/how-much-does-a-sleep-study-cost) - [![At Home Sleep Study](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/SF_HST_CTA_Image-1-300x161.png) At Home Sleep Study](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/home-sleep-test) [![ResMed\_AirSense\_11\_Machine\_Package\_1](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ResMed_AirSense_11_Machine_Package_1-300x300.webp) Best CPAP Machines of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-cpap-machines) - Sleep Therapy - CPAP - [The Best CPAP Machines](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-cpap-machines) - [Top-Rated CPAP Masks](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-cpap-mask) - [Need Therapy? Start Here](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/home-sleep-test?cta_location=main_menu) - ANTI-SNORING - [The Best Anti-Snoring Mouthpieces](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-anti-snoring-mouthpieces-and-mouthguards) - [Mouth Taping](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/snoring/mouth-taping-for-sleep) - [CPAP Alternatives](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-apnea/alternatives-to-cpap) - SERVICES & SUPPLEMENTS - [The Best Sleep Apps of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sleep-apps) - [The Best Magnesium Supplements](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/magnesium/best-magnesium-for-sleep) - [Best Sleep Supplements](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-aids/natural-sleep-aids) - [![At Home Sleep Study](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/SF_HST_CTA_Image-1-300x161.png) At Home Sleep Study](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/home-sleep-test) [![ResMed\_AirSense\_11\_Machine\_Package\_1](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ResMed_AirSense_11_Machine_Package_1-300x300.webp) Best CPAP Machines of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-cpap-machines) - Sleep Environment - SLEEP TECH - [The Best Sleep Trackers We've Tested](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sleep-trackers) - [Top-Rated White Noise Machines](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sleep-products/best-white-noise-machines) - BED FRAMES - [The Best Adjustable Beds](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-adjustable-bed) - [Our Favorite Bed Frames](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-bed-frames) - PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS - [Blue Light Blocking Glasses](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sleep-products/best-blue-light-blocking-glasses) - [Wake-Up Lights](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sleep-products/best-wake-up-lights) - [Sleep Masks](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sleep-products/best-sleep-masks) - [![At Home Sleep Study](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/SF_HST_CTA_Image-1-300x161.png) At Home Sleep Study](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/home-sleep-test) [![ResMed\_AirSense\_11\_Machine\_Package\_1](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ResMed_AirSense_11_Machine_Package_1-300x300.webp) Best CPAP Machines of 2026](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-cpap-machines) - [All Solutions](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-solutions) - Sleep Health Sleep Health - [All Health](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-topics) - Sleep Disorders - COMMON DISORDERS - [Insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia) - [Parasomnias](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/parasomnias) - [Excessive Sleepiness](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/excessive-sleepiness) - BREATHING-RELATED - [Sleep Apnea](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-apnea) - [Obstructive Sleep Apnea](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-apnea/obstructive-sleep-apnea) - [Central Sleep Apnea](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-apnea/central-sleep-apnea) - MOVEMENT-RELATED - [Sleepwalking](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/parasomnias/sleepwalking) - [Bruxism](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/bruxism) - [Restless Legs Syndrome](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/restless-legs-syndrome) - TESTING & TREATMENTS - [CPAP](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/cpap) - [Home Sleep Test](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-studies/at-home-sleep-study) - [What to Do When You Can't Sleep](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment/what-do-when-you-cant-sleep) - [![Woman Taking Melatonin](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/woman-with-melatonin-300x200.jpg) Melatonin Dosage: How Much Melatonin to Take](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/melatonin/melatonin-dosage-how-much-should-you-take) [![group of people drinking coffee](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/group-of-people-drinking-coffee-300x200.jpg) 94% of Us Drink Caffeinated Beverages. But What Does it do to Our Sleep?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-news/94-percent-of-us-drink-caffeinated-beverages) - Improve Your Sleep - SLEEP HABITS - [The Ultimate Sleep Improvement Plan](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-habits) - [The 20 Most Proven Sleep Tips](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene/healthy-sleep-tips) - [Sleep Hygiene](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene) - SLEEP AIDS - [Melatonin](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/melatonin) - [Magnesium](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/magnesium) - [The Most Effective Sleep Aids](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-aids) - TOOLS & PRODUCTS - [Sleep Calculator](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-calculator) - [7 Nights to Better Sleep](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-habits/7-night-sleep-habit-builder) - [Submit Your Sleep Story](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/submit-your-sleep-story) - [![Woman Taking Melatonin](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/woman-with-melatonin-300x200.jpg) Melatonin Dosage: How Much Melatonin to Take](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/melatonin/melatonin-dosage-how-much-should-you-take) [![group of people drinking coffee](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/group-of-people-drinking-coffee-300x200.jpg) 94% of Us Drink Caffeinated Beverages. But What Does it do to Our Sleep?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-news/94-percent-of-us-drink-caffeinated-beverages) - Understand Your Sleep - SCIENCE OF SLEEP - [How Sleep Works](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works) - [Circadian Rhythm](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/circadian-rhythm) - [The Stages of Sleep](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/stages-of-sleep) - IMPACTS - [Snoring](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/snoring) - [Sleep Deprivation](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-deprivation) - [How Electronics Affect Your Sleep](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/how-electronics-affect-sleep) - STATISTICS - [Sleep Data & Research](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/sleep-facts-statistics) - [How Much Sleep Do We Need?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/how-much-sleep-do-we-really-need) - [![Woman Taking Melatonin](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/woman-with-melatonin-300x200.jpg) Melatonin Dosage: How Much Melatonin to Take](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/melatonin/melatonin-dosage-how-much-should-you-take) [![group of people drinking coffee](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/group-of-people-drinking-coffee-300x200.jpg) 94% of Us Drink Caffeinated Beverages. But What Does it do to Our Sleep?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-news/94-percent-of-us-drink-caffeinated-beverages) - [All Health](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-topics) - About Us About Us - Who We Are - OUR MISSION - [What We Do](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us) - [Our Team](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/who-we-are) - OUR MEDICAL TEAM - [Medical Advisory Board](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/who-we-are#medical-advisory-board) - OUR PROCESS - [Editorial Policy](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/editorial-policy) - [How We Review Products](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/research-methodology) - [![Test Lab: Expert Tested. Sleeper Approved.](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Bedroom-Environment-1-300x125.jpg) Test Lab: Expert Tested. 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Products or services may be offered by an affiliated entity. [Learn more.](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/advertising-disclosure) [/](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/) [Sleep Disorders](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-disorders) / [Insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia) ![Main Intro Section Image](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Header-Image-1.svg) # Is Insomnia a Mental Illness? Updated July 10, 2025 Written by Annie Golding ![Annie Golding](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Annie-Golding-scaled-150x150.jpg) Annie Golding Senior Writer Annie Golding is an editor with 20 years of experience in health education. Annie lives in Seattle with her two kids and cat Gus. [Read Full Bio](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/who-we-are#annie_golding) Want to read more about all our experts in the field? [Learn About The Editorial Team](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us) \\| Medically Reviewed by Abhinav Singh, MD, MPH, FAASM ![Abhinav Singh, MD, MPH, FAASM](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Dr.-Abhinav-Singh-SF-150x150.jpg) Abhinav Singh, MD, MPH, FAASM Sleep Medicine Physician Dr. Abhinav Singh, board certified in Sleep Medicine and Internal Medicine, is the Medical Director of the Indiana Sleep Center, which is accredited by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. He is also a Clinical Assistant Professor at Marian University College of Medicine in Indianapolis, where he developed and teaches a Sleep Medicine rotation. Dr. Singh’s research and clinical practice focuses on sleep disorders, including excessive daytime sleepiness, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, chronic snoring, insomnia, and sleep education. [Read Full Bio](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/who-we-are#abhinav_singh,_md,_mph,_faasm) Want to read more about all our experts in the field? [Learn About The Editorial Team](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us) [![Side rail CTA](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Side-Rail-Add.png)](https://sleepdoctor.com/products/nightly-sleep-stack?utm_campaign=sf&utm_cta_location=side_rail&page_path=is-insomnia-a-mental-illness) - [How Are Insomnia and Mental Illness Connected?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#how-are-insomnia-and-mental-illness-connected) - [How Does Insomnia Affect Mental Health?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#how-does-insomnia-affect-mental-health) - [How Can Mental Illness Affect Sleep?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#how-can-mental-illness-affect-sleep) - [How Do You Treat Insomnia?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#how-do-you-treat-insomnia) - [When to Talk to a Doctor](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#when-to-talk-to-a-doctor) If you or someone you know is in crisis, dial 988 to reach the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline, which provides 24/7, free, and confidential support. Insomnia is one of the main categories of sleep disorders and can be a stand-alone condition for some people. But for many others, insomnia goes hand-in-hand with the diagnosis of a mental health disorder. In fact, approximately 50% of people living with insomnia also have a mental health condition. The relationship between mental illness and insomnia is complex. Experts believe that insomnia impacts a person’s mental health, but also that mental health can affect a person’s sleep. ## One-on-one sleep coaching with a licensed sleep expert Structured sleep coaching designed to meet you where you are, identify what’s disrupting your nights, and show you how to fix it — no guessing, no frustration. [Get Started](https://sleepdoctor.com/products/sleep-consult) ![SF\_HST\_CTA\_Image-1](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/SF_HST_CTA_Image-1.png) ## How Are Insomnia and Mental Illness Connected? [Insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia) and mental health problems commonly coexist. The majority of people with mental health problems have insomnia, and roughly a third of people diagnosed with chronic insomnia have a mental health condition. People with insomnia experience challenges with falling and staying asleep. They also exhibit daytime symptoms that may overlap with the symptoms of a range of mental health conditions. These can include: - Irritability - Negative social, educational, and work consequences - Lack of energy and motivation - Aggression - Hyperactivity - Impulsivity - Trouble with concentration and attention - Mood changes It can be difficult for doctors to determine which disorder began first and whether there is a causal relationship [Trusted Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/editorial-policy) UpToDateMore than 2 million healthcare providers around the world choose UpToDate to help make appropriate care decisions and drive better health outcomes. UpToDate delivers evidence-based clinical decision support that is clear, actionable, and rich with real-world insights.[View Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-187656) between insomnia and a mental health condition. Rather, experts have concluded that there is a bidirectional relationship [Trusted Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/editorial-policy) UpToDateMore than 2 million healthcare providers around the world choose UpToDate to help make appropriate care decisions and drive better health outcomes. UpToDate delivers evidence-based clinical decision support that is clear, actionable, and rich with real-world insights.[View Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-187658) between insomnia and mental health, meaning that sleep and [mental health](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mental-health) greatly influence one another. ## How Does Insomnia Affect Mental Health? For people living with insomnia, not getting enough sleep or getting poor-quality sleep can increase the risk of developing a mental health condition, make the symptoms of an existing condition worse, or impede the effectiveness of treatment. Evidence shows that [sleep deprivation](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-deprivation) can cause mood changes similar to those seen with anxiety and depression. In other words, people with insomnia may be irritable and have a negative outlook. They may also have a reduced libido or lapses in judgment. Lethargy is also common, which can lead to drowsiness and an increased need for [naps](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/napping). People with insomnia may find themselves falling asleep at unacceptable times. Relationships with partners and others can become strained, and they may withdraw from their normal range of activities. Work performance can also suffer, to the extent that people are denied promotions or let go from their jobs. People living with a mental health condition who are diagnosed with a sleep disorder face unique challenges. The symptoms of their mental health condition may be made more severe [Trusted Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/editorial-policy) National Library of Medicine, Biotech InformationThe National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information.[View Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-187660) by disordered sleep, and their treatment may not be as helpful. Overall, those with mental health conditions and insomnia may be less able to handle the tasks of daily living. ## Say Goodbye to Insomnia Sign up to receive emails about how to improve your sleep, as well as our comprehensive Better Sleep Guidebook. ![](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Email-Capture-Icon.svg) ## How Can Mental Illness Affect Sleep? Sleep problems are associated with many mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and others. ### Depression Insomnia is a main feature of [depression](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mental-health/depression-and-sleep). Approximately 90% of people with this mental health condition have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. As with other mental health conditions, sleep disruptions increase the risk for developing depression, and episodes of depression can make sleep more challenging. People with depression experience a wide variety of symptoms, including: - Hopelessness or sadness - Irritability, annoyance, or anger - Changes in weight and appetite - Fatigue - Feelings of failure, guilt, and worthlessness - Difficulty making decisions - Memory problems - Issues with concentration People who are diagnosed with depression frequently report having insomnia beforehand. Research also shows that a person’s sleep quality may predict the likelihood of relapsing [Trusted Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/editorial-policy) National Library of Medicine, Biotech InformationThe National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information.[View Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-80280) . In other words, sleep quality may decline before a person is faced with an episode of depression. Evidence shows that sleep patterns differ in people living with depression. They often take longer to fall asleep, which can lead to sleep deprivation. Data also reveals changes in patterns of [rapid eye movement (REM)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/stages-of-sleep/rem-sleep) sleep and reduced [slow-wave sleep](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/stages-of-sleep/slow-wave-sleep). Taken together, these differences in sleep patterns may be indicators of depression in those who are undiagnosed. ### Anxiety Disorders A majority of people with [anxiety disorders](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mental-health/anxiety-and-sleep) find it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep. Many people have intermittent worry or anxiety over life stressors that disrupt their sleep on occasion. However, anxiety disorders are different in that they bring about fear and worry that does not resolve. Unresolved worry can affect a person’s long-term ability to get a good night’s rest, as well as disrupt their work, school life, and personal relationships. - Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): General anxiety disorder occurs in roughly 5% to 10% of the population. Disturbed sleep is one of the diagnostic criteria for GAD. It can be hard to tease out whether GAD or disturbed sleep began first, since both disorders share similar symptoms, such as changes in daytime functioning and mood. - Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Up to 90% of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder experience insomnia. [Nightmares](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/dreams/how-trauma-can-affect-dreams) are frequent in people with [PTSD](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mental-health/ptsd-and-sleep), which can make people fearful of falling back to sleep. ### Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by changes in mood, concentration, and energy levels. People with bipolar disorder fluctuate between periods of depression, excited behavior, and in some cases mania. People’s sleep patterns can be very different in each of these states. Evidence suggests that almost all people living with bipolar disorder face sleep difficulties. For those experiencing bipolar depression, the main sleep disruptions are insomnia and [hypersomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/hypersomnia), the need for excessive sleep. By contrast, people in a manic state have a reduced need for sleep. This is different from the inability to sleep during periods of bipolar depression. For example, people may go several days without sleep. They may feel as though they have had adequate sleep and may appear highly energetic despite a lack of sleep. Some researchers propose that sleep disturbances in people with bipolar disorder are associated with variations in circadian rhythm [Trusted Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/editorial-policy) National Library of Medicine, Biotech InformationThe National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information.[View Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-79433) . ### Substance Use Disorders Insomnia and substance use disorder (SUD) often accompany each other. People with insomnia are more likely to develop a substance use problem. In addition, troubles with insomnia are frequent in people recovering from a substance use disorder and can contribute to substance use relapse. People with SUD misuse substances such as prescription medications, [alcohol](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/nutrition/alcohol-and-sleep), and illicit drugs due to changes in the brain or behavioral problems. Addiction is the most serious form of the disorder. Substance use disorder commonly occurs along with other mental health conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. Experts suggest that ongoing misuse of substances like alcohol and drugs can disturb processes that regulate when people feel awake and when they feel sleepy. Alcohol has a sedative effect that can help people relax. For this reason, some people find it helpful to have a drink prior to bedtime. Research shows that over 10% of people use alcohol to help them sleep, but people with insomnia are even more likely to use alcohol. Insomnia typically predates a person’s alcohol abuse by almost a decade and is a significant risk factor for developing alcoholism. Alcohol misuse in people with insomnia is likely to make their symptoms worse. They may also have more significant changes in mood or performance. Substance use can affect sleep whether someone is an active user, in withdrawal, or in recovery. Insomnia is a chief complaint for those managing sobriety, and sleep disruptions sometimes last for years after a person stops using substances. Research shows that ongoing insomnia during recovery increases the risk [Trusted Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/editorial-policy) UpToDateMore than 2 million healthcare providers around the world choose UpToDate to help make appropriate care decisions and drive better health outcomes. UpToDate delivers evidence-based clinical decision support that is clear, actionable, and rich with real-world insights.[View Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-177797) that a person will relapse and start using substances again. Anyone facing a substance abuse disorder should speak with a health care professional for support. A health provider can advise them about recovery programs, as well as effective treatments for insomnia and co-occurring mental health conditions. ### Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental health disorder marked by changes in a person’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings. People with schizophrenia may experience things that are not real or hold strong beliefs about things that are not true. It is not uncommon for people with schizophrenia to lack motivation, lose interest in everyday living, withdraw from family and friends, or fail to find pleasure or joy in life. People living with schizophrenia experience a range of sleep problems. Research suggests that a substantial portion of people living with schizophrenia report symptoms of insomnia. Other sleep disturbances arise in those living with schizophrenia as well, including disruptions in their [circadian rhythm](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/circadian-rhythm) and the way they progress through [sleep stages](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/stages-of-sleep) during the night. Similar to substance use disorder, sleep disruptions may increase the risk of relapse in people receiving treatment for schizophrenia. ## How Do You Treat Insomnia? The two main [treatments for insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment) are cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and prescription medications. According to experts, people should receive treatment [Trusted Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/editorial-policy) American Psychiatric Association (APA)The APA is an organization of psychiatrists working together to ensure humane care and effective treatment for all persons with mental illness, including substance use disorders.[View Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-187663) for their insomnia in addition to any treatment for their mental health conditions. Research shows that treating insomnia in addition to a mental health disorder can improve the effectiveness of treatment for both conditions. - Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: [CBT-I](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia) is the preferred initial treatment method for insomnia. Therapy includes elements aimed at identifying and reducing thoughts and behaviors that negatively affect sleep. A trained professional provides education on sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction therapy, relaxation exercises, basic sleep education, and other topics. - Prescription medications: Medications are generally reserved for people who do not respond to CBT-I. To have the greatest effect, medications should be used alongside CBT-I and education about good sleep habits. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved several classes of drugs to treat insomnia. In some cases, doctors may prescribe sedative drugs that are not approved for insomnia [Trusted Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/editorial-policy) UpToDateMore than 2 million healthcare providers around the world choose UpToDate to help make appropriate care decisions and drive better health outcomes. UpToDate delivers evidence-based clinical decision support that is clear, actionable, and rich with real-world insights.[View Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-187665) to treat the disorder. “Behavioral therapies are the cornerstone in insomnia treatment. It is important to find trained professionals to deliver CBT-I.” [Dr. Abhinav Singh](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/who-we-are#abhinav_singh), Sleep Physician There are some unique considerations when treating insomnia in people who also receive therapy for mental health conditions. For example, some mental health medications can cause insomnia as a side effect. And certain types of medications should not be prescribed to people with substance use disorder, given the risk of abuse and overdose. For these reasons, anyone being treated for a mental health condition and insomnia should work closely with their doctor to develop the most effective treatment plan and understand its risks and benefits. ### Sleep Hygiene Healthy sleep habits are particularly important for people dealing with a mental health condition. Often referred to as [sleep hygiene](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene), healthy sleep habits help ensure that people get the rest they need to support their physical and mental health. Some people with mental health disorders may struggle to incorporate self-care practices like sleep hygiene into their daily routines. But there are some simple strategies that people may start with. - Establish a sleep schedule: People should consider their work, school, and social responsibilities, then set a regular bedtime and wake time that ensures they get the [recommended hours](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/how-much-sleep-do-we-really-need) of sleep each night. It is important to stick to the same [sleep schedule](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene/how-to-reset-your-sleep-routine) on both weekdays and weekends. - Keep a sleep diary: Keeping a [sleep diary](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-diary) can help people learn more about their sleep patterns and the effects on their mood and quality of life. Some people use trackers that allow them to log their sleep, medication adherence, and symptoms. This information can help them work with their health care providers to manage their mental health. - Get plenty of light exposure: [Light exposure](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/bedroom-environment/light-and-sleep) helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle, one of the body’s circadian rhythms. Going outside for at least 30 minutes early in the day can help people feel more awake. In some cases, health care providers may suggest [light therapy](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/light-therapy) for people with insomnia and a mental health condition. - Make time for exercise: Getting 30 minutes of [exercise](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/physical-activity/exercise-and-sleep) a day benefits both sleep and mental health. Exercise improves mood and helps people fall asleep more easily, though exercise should be avoided too close to bedtime. ## When to Talk to a Doctor Anyone noticing a change in their sleep that lasts more than a few weeks should [talk with a doctor](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-studies/how-to-talk-to-your-doctor-about-sleep). For some, it can be challenging to reach out for help the longer they wait. If possible, make notes about the sleep changes that have occurred and prepare any questions that would be helpful to have answered before speaking to a health care provider. Talking with a doctor about sleep symptoms is an important part of managing a mental health condition [Trusted Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/editorial-policy) National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)The NIMH is the lead federal agency for research on mental disorders.[View Source](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness#references-187667) . Changes in sleep can be due to a host of factors, including the diagnosis or a side effect of treatment. Importantly, sleep problems can be signs of a relapse. Talk with a doctor right away if you notice changes that affect your mood or daytime functioning. ![](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/themes/onecaremedia-child/assets/images/sf-question-bubble.svg) ### Still have questions? Ask our community\! Join our [Sleep Care Community](https://community.sleepfoundation.org/) — a trusted hub of sleep health professionals, product specialists, and people just like you. Whether you need expert sleep advice for your insomnia or you’re searching for the perfect mattress, we’ve got you covered. Get personalized guidance from the experts who know sleep best. [About Our Editorial Team](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us) ![Annie Golding](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Annie-Golding-scaled-150x150.jpg) Written By ### Annie Golding, Senior Writer Annie Golding is an editor with 20 years of experience in health education. Annie lives in Seattle with her two kids and cat Gus. ![Abhinav Singh, MD, MPH, FAASM](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Dr.-Abhinav-Singh-SF-150x150.jpg) Medically Reviewed by ### Abhinav Singh, MD, MPH, FAASM, Sleep Medicine Physician MD Dr. Abhinav Singh, board certified in Sleep Medicine and Internal Medicine, is the Medical Director of the Indiana Sleep Center, which is accredited by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. He is also a Clinical Assistant Professor at Marian University College of Medicine in Indianapolis, where he developed and teaches a Sleep Medicine rotation. Dr. Singh’s research and clinical practice focuses on sleep disorders, including excessive daytime sleepiness, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, chronic snoring, insomnia, and sleep education. [Learn more about our Editorial Team](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/who-we-are#team) ## References 9 Sources 1. Winkelman, J. W. (2023, February 7). Overview of the treatment of insomnia in adults. In R. Benca (Ed.). UpToDate., Retrieved February 16, 2023, from <https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-treatment-of-insomnia-in-adults> 2. Bonnet, M. H., & Arrand, D. L. (2022, October 4). Evaluation and diagnosis of insomnia in adults. In R. Benca (Ed.). UpToDate., Retrieved February 16, 2023, from <https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-and-diagnosis-of-insomnia-in-adults> 3. Seow, L. S. E., Verma, S. K., Mok, Y. M., Kumar, S., Chang, S., Satghare, P., Hombali, A., Vaingankar, J., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2018). Evaluating DSM-5 insomnia disorder and the treatment of sleep problems in a psychiatric population. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 14(2), 237–244. <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29394962/> 4. Nutt, D., Wilson, S., & Paterson, L. (2008). Sleep disorders as core symptoms of depression. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 10(3), 329–336. <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18979946/> 5. Gold, A. K., & Sylvia, L. G. (2016). The role of sleep in bipolar disorder. Nature and science of sleep, 8, 207–214. <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27418862/> 6. Bonnet, M., & Arand, D. (2022, April 15). Risk factors, comorbidities, and consequences of insomnia in adults. In R. Benca (Ed.). UpToDate., Retrieved February 28, 2023, from <https://www.uptodate.com/contents/risk-factors-comorbidities-and-consequences-of-insomnia-in-adults> 7. American Psychiatric Association. (2020, August). What are sleep disorders?, Retrieved March 1, 2023, from <https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/sleep-disorders/what-are-sleep-disorders> 8. Neubauer, D. N. (2022, December 19). Pharmacotherapy for insomnia in adults. In R. Benca & J. G. Elmore (Eds.). UpToDate., Retrieved March 1, 2023, from <https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacotherapy-for-insomnia-in-adults> 9. National Institute of Mental Health. (2022, November). Help for mental illnesses., Retrieved March 1, 2023, from <https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help> ## Learn More About Insomnia [![Early-Morning Shiftwork Affects Overnight Blood Pressure, Increases Risk of Cardiovascular Disease](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Symptoms-of-Insomnia-300x200.jpg)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/symptoms) [Symptoms of Insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/symptoms) By Daniel Noyed July 10, 2025 * [![Diagnosing Insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Diganosing-Insomnia-300x200.jpg)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/diagnosis) [Diagnosing Insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/diagnosis) By Lauren Fountain July 10, 2025 * [![Treatments for Insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Treatments-for-Insomnia-300x200.jpg)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment) [Treatments for Insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment) By Logan Foley July 10, 2025 * [![Stock photo of woman listening to guided meditation before sleep](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Sleep-Meditation-300x200.jpg)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment/what-do-when-you-cant-sleep) [Can’t Sleep? 9 Techniques to Try](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment/what-do-when-you-cant-sleep) By Lucy Bryan July 10, 2025 * [![Woman seated in bed suffering from insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Insomnia-and-Women-300x200.jpg)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/insomnia-women) [Insomnia and Women](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/insomnia-women) By Lucy Bryan July 10, 2025 * [![senior sleeping](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/senior-sleeping-300x199.jpg)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/older-adults) [Insomnia and Older Adults](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/older-adults) By Alexa Fry July 10, 2025 * [![Woman with Insomnia lying in bed looking at clock](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Types-of-Insomnia-300x200.jpg)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/types-of-insomnia) [What Are the Different Types of Insomnia?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/types-of-insomnia) By Eric Suni July 10, 2025 * [![Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I): An Overview](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/14-NSF-9-L-Woman-sleeping-lying-on-pebbles_2880x1400.jpg)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia) [Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I): An Overview](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia) By Rob Newsom July 10, 2025 * [![Stressed woman rubbing temples](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Stress-and-Insomnia-300x200.jpg)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/stress-and-insomnia) [Stress and Insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/stress-and-insomnia) By Eric Suni July 10, 2025 ## Other Articles of Interest ### How Sleep Works [How to Lucid Dream?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/dreams/lucid-dreams) [Recommended Sleep Times](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/how-much-sleep-do-we-really-need) [Why Do We Need Sleep?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/why-do-we-need-sleep) [Can You Catch Up On Sleep?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/sleep-debt-and-catch-up-sleep) [What Happens When You Sleep?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/what-happens-when-you-sleep) ### Children, Teens & Sleep [When Do Kids Stop Napping?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/children-and-sleep/when-do-kids-stop-napping) [Why is Sleep Important For Children?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/children-and-sleep) [Bedtime Routines for Kids](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/children-and-sleep/bedtime-routine) [How Does Blue Light Affect Kids Sleep?](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/children-and-sleep/how-blue-light-affects-kids-sleep) [Sleep Strategies for Kids](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/children-and-sleep/sleep-strategies-kids) ### Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders [Non-24 Sleep Wake Disorder](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/non-24-sleep-wake-disorder) [Shift Work Disorder](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/shift-work-disorder) [Learn About Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/circadian-rhythm-sleep-disorders) [Jet Lag](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/travel-and-sleep/jet-lag) ### Sleep Solutions [Best Mattress](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress) [Mattress Reviews](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-reviews) [Best Pillows](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-pillows) [Best Mattress for Side Sleepers](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-mattress-for-side-sleepers) [Best Mattress for Back Pain](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-mattress/best-mattress-for-back-pain) [![Sleep Foundation Logo](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/sd-logo-footer.svg)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/) Sleep Foundation and SleepFoundation.org are not affiliated with the National Sleep Foundation, an independent nonprofit based in Washington, DC. 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Readable Markdown	If you or someone you know is in crisis, dial 988 to reach the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline, which provides 24/7, free, and confidential support. Insomnia is one of the main categories of sleep disorders and can be a stand-alone condition for some people. But for many others, insomnia goes hand-in-hand with the diagnosis of a mental health disorder. In fact, approximately 50% of people living with insomnia also have a mental health condition. The relationship between mental illness and insomnia is complex. Experts believe that insomnia impacts a person’s mental health, but also that mental health can affect a person’s sleep. ## How Are Insomnia and Mental Illness Connected? [Insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia) and mental health problems commonly coexist. The majority of people with mental health problems have insomnia, and roughly a third of people diagnosed with chronic insomnia have a mental health condition. People with insomnia experience challenges with falling and staying asleep. They also exhibit daytime symptoms that may overlap with the symptoms of a range of mental health conditions. These can include: - Irritability - Negative social, educational, and work consequences - Lack of energy and motivation - Aggression - Hyperactivity - Impulsivity - Trouble with concentration and attention - Mood changes It can be difficult for doctors to determine which disorder began first and whether there is a causal relationship between insomnia and a mental health condition. Rather, experts have concluded that there is a bidirectional relationship between insomnia and mental health, meaning that sleep and [mental health](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mental-health) greatly influence one another. For people living with insomnia, not getting enough sleep or getting poor-quality sleep can increase the risk of developing a mental health condition, make the symptoms of an existing condition worse, or impede the effectiveness of treatment. Evidence shows that [sleep deprivation](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-deprivation) can cause mood changes similar to those seen with anxiety and depression. In other words, people with insomnia may be irritable and have a negative outlook. They may also have a reduced libido or lapses in judgment. Lethargy is also common, which can lead to drowsiness and an increased need for [naps](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/napping). People with insomnia may find themselves falling asleep at unacceptable times. Relationships with partners and others can become strained, and they may withdraw from their normal range of activities. Work performance can also suffer, to the extent that people are denied promotions or let go from their jobs. People living with a mental health condition who are diagnosed with a sleep disorder face unique challenges. The symptoms of their mental health condition may be made more severe by disordered sleep, and their treatment may not be as helpful. Overall, those with mental health conditions and insomnia may be less able to handle the tasks of daily living. ## Say Goodbye to Insomnia Sign up to receive emails about how to improve your sleep, as well as our comprehensive Better Sleep Guidebook. ![](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Email-Capture-Icon.svg) Sleep problems are associated with many mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and others. ### Depression Insomnia is a main feature of [depression](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mental-health/depression-and-sleep). Approximately 90% of people with this mental health condition have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. As with other mental health conditions, sleep disruptions increase the risk for developing depression, and episodes of depression can make sleep more challenging. People with depression experience a wide variety of symptoms, including: - Hopelessness or sadness - Irritability, annoyance, or anger - Changes in weight and appetite - Fatigue - Feelings of failure, guilt, and worthlessness - Difficulty making decisions - Memory problems - Issues with concentration People who are diagnosed with depression frequently report having insomnia beforehand. Research also shows that a person’s sleep quality may predict the likelihood of relapsing . In other words, sleep quality may decline before a person is faced with an episode of depression. Evidence shows that sleep patterns differ in people living with depression. They often take longer to fall asleep, which can lead to sleep deprivation. Data also reveals changes in patterns of [rapid eye movement (REM)](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/stages-of-sleep/rem-sleep) sleep and reduced [slow-wave sleep](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/stages-of-sleep/slow-wave-sleep). Taken together, these differences in sleep patterns may be indicators of depression in those who are undiagnosed. ### Anxiety Disorders A majority of people with [anxiety disorders](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mental-health/anxiety-and-sleep) find it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep. Many people have intermittent worry or anxiety over life stressors that disrupt their sleep on occasion. However, anxiety disorders are different in that they bring about fear and worry that does not resolve. Unresolved worry can affect a person’s long-term ability to get a good night’s rest, as well as disrupt their work, school life, and personal relationships. - Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): General anxiety disorder occurs in roughly 5% to 10% of the population. Disturbed sleep is one of the diagnostic criteria for GAD. It can be hard to tease out whether GAD or disturbed sleep began first, since both disorders share similar symptoms, such as changes in daytime functioning and mood. - Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Up to 90% of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder experience insomnia. [Nightmares](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/dreams/how-trauma-can-affect-dreams) are frequent in people with [PTSD](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mental-health/ptsd-and-sleep), which can make people fearful of falling back to sleep. ### Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by changes in mood, concentration, and energy levels. People with bipolar disorder fluctuate between periods of depression, excited behavior, and in some cases mania. People’s sleep patterns can be very different in each of these states. Evidence suggests that almost all people living with bipolar disorder face sleep difficulties. For those experiencing bipolar depression, the main sleep disruptions are insomnia and [hypersomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/hypersomnia), the need for excessive sleep. By contrast, people in a manic state have a reduced need for sleep. This is different from the inability to sleep during periods of bipolar depression. For example, people may go several days without sleep. They may feel as though they have had adequate sleep and may appear highly energetic despite a lack of sleep. Some researchers propose that sleep disturbances in people with bipolar disorder are associated with variations in circadian rhythm . ### Substance Use Disorders Insomnia and substance use disorder (SUD) often accompany each other. People with insomnia are more likely to develop a substance use problem. In addition, troubles with insomnia are frequent in people recovering from a substance use disorder and can contribute to substance use relapse. People with SUD misuse substances such as prescription medications, [alcohol](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/nutrition/alcohol-and-sleep), and illicit drugs due to changes in the brain or behavioral problems. Addiction is the most serious form of the disorder. Substance use disorder commonly occurs along with other mental health conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. Experts suggest that ongoing misuse of substances like alcohol and drugs can disturb processes that regulate when people feel awake and when they feel sleepy. Alcohol has a sedative effect that can help people relax. For this reason, some people find it helpful to have a drink prior to bedtime. Research shows that over 10% of people use alcohol to help them sleep, but people with insomnia are even more likely to use alcohol. Insomnia typically predates a person’s alcohol abuse by almost a decade and is a significant risk factor for developing alcoholism. Alcohol misuse in people with insomnia is likely to make their symptoms worse. They may also have more significant changes in mood or performance. Substance use can affect sleep whether someone is an active user, in withdrawal, or in recovery. Insomnia is a chief complaint for those managing sobriety, and sleep disruptions sometimes last for years after a person stops using substances. Research shows that ongoing insomnia during recovery increases the risk that a person will relapse and start using substances again. Anyone facing a substance abuse disorder should speak with a health care professional for support. A health provider can advise them about recovery programs, as well as effective treatments for insomnia and co-occurring mental health conditions. ### Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental health disorder marked by changes in a person’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings. People with schizophrenia may experience things that are not real or hold strong beliefs about things that are not true. It is not uncommon for people with schizophrenia to lack motivation, lose interest in everyday living, withdraw from family and friends, or fail to find pleasure or joy in life. People living with schizophrenia experience a range of sleep problems. Research suggests that a substantial portion of people living with schizophrenia report symptoms of insomnia. Other sleep disturbances arise in those living with schizophrenia as well, including disruptions in their [circadian rhythm](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/circadian-rhythm) and the way they progress through [sleep stages](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/stages-of-sleep) during the night. Similar to substance use disorder, sleep disruptions may increase the risk of relapse in people receiving treatment for schizophrenia. The two main [treatments for insomnia](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment) are cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and prescription medications. According to experts, people should receive treatment for their insomnia in addition to any treatment for their mental health conditions. Research shows that treating insomnia in addition to a mental health disorder can improve the effectiveness of treatment for both conditions. - Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: [CBT-I](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia) is the preferred initial treatment method for insomnia. Therapy includes elements aimed at identifying and reducing thoughts and behaviors that negatively affect sleep. A trained professional provides education on sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction therapy, relaxation exercises, basic sleep education, and other topics. - Prescription medications: Medications are generally reserved for people who do not respond to CBT-I. To have the greatest effect, medications should be used alongside CBT-I and education about good sleep habits. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved several classes of drugs to treat insomnia. In some cases, doctors may prescribe sedative drugs that are not approved for insomnia to treat the disorder. “Behavioral therapies are the cornerstone in insomnia treatment. It is important to find trained professionals to deliver CBT-I.” [Dr. Abhinav Singh](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/about-us/who-we-are#abhinav_singh), Sleep Physician There are some unique considerations when treating insomnia in people who also receive therapy for mental health conditions. For example, some mental health medications can cause insomnia as a side effect. And certain types of medications should not be prescribed to people with substance use disorder, given the risk of abuse and overdose. For these reasons, anyone being treated for a mental health condition and insomnia should work closely with their doctor to develop the most effective treatment plan and understand its risks and benefits. ### Sleep Hygiene Healthy sleep habits are particularly important for people dealing with a mental health condition. Often referred to as [sleep hygiene](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene), healthy sleep habits help ensure that people get the rest they need to support their physical and mental health. Some people with mental health disorders may struggle to incorporate self-care practices like sleep hygiene into their daily routines. But there are some simple strategies that people may start with. - Establish a sleep schedule: People should consider their work, school, and social responsibilities, then set a regular bedtime and wake time that ensures they get the [recommended hours](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/how-much-sleep-do-we-really-need) of sleep each night. It is important to stick to the same [sleep schedule](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene/how-to-reset-your-sleep-routine) on both weekdays and weekends. - Keep a sleep diary: Keeping a [sleep diary](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-diary) can help people learn more about their sleep patterns and the effects on their mood and quality of life. Some people use trackers that allow them to log their sleep, medication adherence, and symptoms. This information can help them work with their health care providers to manage their mental health. - Get plenty of light exposure: [Light exposure](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/bedroom-environment/light-and-sleep) helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle, one of the body’s circadian rhythms. Going outside for at least 30 minutes early in the day can help people feel more awake. In some cases, health care providers may suggest [light therapy](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/light-therapy) for people with insomnia and a mental health condition. - Make time for exercise: Getting 30 minutes of [exercise](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/physical-activity/exercise-and-sleep) a day benefits both sleep and mental health. Exercise improves mood and helps people fall asleep more easily, though exercise should be avoided too close to bedtime. Anyone noticing a change in their sleep that lasts more than a few weeks should [talk with a doctor](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-studies/how-to-talk-to-your-doctor-about-sleep). For some, it can be challenging to reach out for help the longer they wait. If possible, make notes about the sleep changes that have occurred and prepare any questions that would be helpful to have answered before speaking to a health care provider. Talking with a doctor about sleep symptoms is an important part of managing a mental health condition . Changes in sleep can be due to a host of factors, including the diagnosis or a side effect of treatment. Importantly, sleep problems can be signs of a relapse. Talk with a doctor right away if you notice changes that affect your mood or daytime functioning. ![](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/wp-content/themes/onecaremedia-child/assets/images/sf-question-bubble.svg) ### Still have questions? Ask our community\! Join our [Sleep Care Community](https://community.sleepfoundation.org/) — a trusted hub of sleep health professionals, product specialists, and people just like you. Whether you need expert sleep advice for your insomnia or you’re searching for the perfect mattress, we’ve got you covered. Get personalized guidance from the experts who know sleep best.
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