🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 68 (from laksa147)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa068.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.sleepadvisor.org/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.sleepadvisor.org/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin\/","crawl_time":1775887029,"first_indexed_time":1705907394,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,sleepadvisor!www,\/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin\/ s443","src_root_hash":"15108972807196806668","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"What Are the Side Effects of Melatonin? - Sleep Advisor","meta_descriptions":["Discover comprehensive information about the safety and potential side effects of melatonin, along with additional tips and insights."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Our Research Process\nHere at Sleep Advisor, our editorial team utilizes reputable sources and expert feedback to provide well-researched sleep health content. For more details, read our full\neditorial policy\n. \nIn This Article\nDiscover comprehensive information about the safety and potential side effects of melatonin, along with additional tips and insights.\nMelatonin is a hormone that we all naturally produce. Its production\nincreases when it is dark\n1\n, signaling to our bodies that it is time to get sleepy, and it decreases when it becomes light, signaling to our bodies it is time to wake up. \nMelatonin supplements, on the other hand, are often created synthetically, and you can take them in the form of capsules, tablets, liquids, gummies,\nor even patches\n2\n. These are used to\nhelp people sleep\n3\nby helping to regulate their\ncircadian rhythm\n, the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle. \nMelatonin is generally considered safe to take on a temporary basis, especially if people find it beneficial.\n1\nHowever, that doesn’t mean it can’t have side effects. \nRead Our Guide:\nMelatonin: Everything You Should Know\nSide Effects of Melatonin \nExperts consider occasional or short-term melatonin use to be safe for most people, and the risk of side effects is low.\n2, 3\n \nThat said, there are\npossible side effects\n4\nthat can happen when taking melatonin. \nDaytime fatigue\n– The most common side effect of melatonin is fatigue in the morning after taking it.\n4\nIf this happens to you, try lowering your dose and making sure you’re taking it two hours before bed.\n3 \nHeadache\n– Melatonin may cause a headache in some people. To combat this, England’s National Health Service (NHS) recommends drinking plenty of water if you’re taking melatonin. They also advise avoiding alcohol because it can make you dehydrated and impact the way melatonin works.\n4\n \nStomach issues\n– Some people report stomach aches or nausea when using melatonin.\n4\nThat said, some research has shown that melatonin may help with IBS due to its slight pain-relieving effects.\n2\nAdditionally, its ability to regulate the\ncircadian rhythms of our gut bacteria\n5\ncould be helpful as well.\nDizziness\n– The NHS recommends avoiding driving, cycling, or using any tools or machinery if melatonin has made you dizzy. Additionally, alcohol can worsen your dizziness, so avoid mixing melatonin and alcohol.\n4\n \nIrritability\n– Some people report irritability or restlessness when taking melatonin.\n4\nIf this happens to you, it may very well be because you’re taking too high a dose.\n2\nTry lowering your dose, and if this doesn’t work, stop taking melatonin. \nMore vivid or strange dreams\n– According to the NHS, taking melatonin may lead to more strange dreams.\n4\nSupplemental melatonin can increase the\namount of time spent in REM sleep\n6\n, which is the portion of our sleep cycle when vivid dreams are more likely to occur. This means you could be more likely to dream since you’re in REM sleep longer, however, experts say it’s not clear whether melatonin directly causes more vivid dreaming.\n6\nMelatonin may also interact with other medications and\/or supplements, so we encourage anyone considering melatonin to contact their healthcare provider first.\nSide Effects of Melatonin in Children \nSupplemental melatonin is generally considered\nsafe for kids\n7\nas long as the dose is appropriate and any behavioral or environmental issues impacting sleep are also addressed. However, melatonin may affect children differently than adults. \nFor example, experts say that melatonin production\ndeclines at the onset of puberty\n8\n. \nSince this drop in melatonin is a natural process before puberty, some experts hypothesize that giving your prepubescent child melatonin could delay puberty, though more research is needed to confirm this.\n8\nChildren may also be more susceptible to nightmares and vivid dreams with melatonin supplements. Kids naturally\nspend more time in REM sleep\n9\n, and as mentioned, taking supplemental melatonin seems to increase the time spent in REM sleep, which is when vivid dreams and nightmares often occur.\n6\n \nOther side effects for children taking melatonin are similar to those of adults: headaches, dizziness, mood changes, and morning grogginess.\n7\nThese side effects should disappear with discontinuation. \nIt’s also important to note that most of the research done on children and melatonin is in kids with ADHD rather than kids without attention disorders. Therefore, more research is needed. \nLearn more\n:\nA Guide to Melatonin for Kids\n \nMelatonin Safety\nBefore taking any new supplements or altering your current dose, we strongly encourage you to consult your healthcare provider. \nWhen taking melatonin it is important to remember that more is not always\nbetter. Some experts advise taking 1 to 3 milligrams two hours before bed.\n3\nThat said, this dosage is a general recommendation, and you should discuss dosage with your healthcare provider to ensure you take the proper amount for you. \nMelatonin timing is important because two hours before bedtime is about when your body naturally starts producing melatonin in the absence of artificial light.\n1\nSo to help maximize its effectiveness, you’ll also want to dim the lights and stop looking at screens at about this time.\n3\n \nIf lowering the dose and taking it earlier does not mitigate your side effects, you can stop taking melatonin at any time without worrying about\nweaning off of it\n10\n. Unlike other sleep medications where you need to take more of it over time or experience a “hangover” effect in the morning, melatonin is considered to be\nnon-addictive or habit-forming from a physiological standpoint\n11\n. \nHowever, it’s important to note that because melatonin is sold as a dietary supplement in the United States, it is not as strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as prescription medications. This means that when you buy your melatonin supplement, you’ll have no real way of knowing how much melatonin (or other ingredients) are actually in the supplement unless the brand does third-party testing, which is not industry standard at the moment unfortunately.\n2 \nThis is why it is important to buy a melatonin supplement from a high-quality, reputable brand. For example, look for supplements approved by the\nU.S. Pharmacopeia\n12\n, a third-party organization that helps provide product transparency for consumers. You can look for the words “USP verified” on the label. \nWho Should Avoid Melatonin?\nAlthough this supplement is generally considered safe, certain populations should\navoid taking melatonin\n13\n. \nThose who have a melatonin allergy\n– If you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to a supplement containing melatonin or any other medication, you should not take melatonin.\n13\n \nThose with liver or kidney problems\n– The National Health Service advises against taking melatonin for those with liver or kidney problems.\n13\nHowever, there has been research looking at melatonin’s role in potentially\nhealing the liver\n14\nand\nkidneys\n15\n, so more information is needed. \nThose taking medications that could interact\n– Melatonin may interact with certain medications, potentially impacting their efficacy.  According to the\nMayo Clinic\n16\n, these include drugs for blood clots, seizures, blood pressure, the central nervous system, diabetes, and contraception — among others. \nPeople with autoimmune disorders\n– If you have lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or any other autoimmune condition, you should avoid supplemental melatonin as it may stimulate inflammation.\n13\n \nCan You Overdose on Melatonin? \nLet’s quickly clarify the difference between an overdose and a lethal dose.\nAn overdose\n17\nmeans you’ve taken too much of something (a “toxic” amount) and are experiencing side effects as a result. A lethal dose means you have taken so much of something that it kills you. \nYou can overdose on melatonin, meaning you can take too much of it and experience side effects. The most common\nside effects of a melatonin overdose\n18\nare drowsiness, dizziness, headache, fatigue, confusion, bad dreams, hypothermia, tachycardia, and hypotension.\nLearn more:\nCan You\nOverdose on Melatonin?\nWhen Should You Seek Medical Help? \nMore serious melatonin side effects are rare, affecting less than 1 in 1,000 people. That said, if after taking melatonin you experience changes in your eyesight, feel faint or pass out, start feeling confused, experience vertigo, or have unexplained bruising or bleeding that does not stop, you should discontinue use and call your healthcare provider or 911.\n4\n \nIn very rare cases, it is possible to have a\nserious allergic reaction to melatonin\n, which includes symptoms such as\n4\n:\nSudden swelling of the lips, tongue, mouth, or throat\nStruggling to breathe\nInability to swallow\nThe skin, tongue, or lips suddenly turn blue, gray, or pale\nA skin rash that is swollen, itchy, blistered, or peeling\nSudden confusion, dizziness, or drowsiness\nFainting and not waking up\nA child going limp, floppy, or not responding as they normally do\nIf any of these symptoms of an allergic reaction occur after taking melatonin, you should discontinue use and seek emergency medical care. \nAdditional Sleep Tips \nIf you either can’t or would prefer not to take melatonin, there are other ways to\nget better sleep\nthrough daily sleep hygiene habits. Many of these can also complement the effects of melatonin supplementation. \nIncrease your melatonin naturally\n– You can help your body’s natural melatonin production by dimming the lights at night and cutting off screen devices like smartphones and laptops at least one hour before bed.\n1\nYou can also eat more\nmelatonin-boosting foods\n19\nlike eggs, fish, nuts, seeds, legumes, mushrooms, and certain cereals. \nEstablish a regular sleep schedule\n– Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day can help regulate your circadian rhythm and get your sleep schedule back on track. \nPractice a nightly routine\n– Introducing a regular, relaxing nighttime routine can help you wind down before bed and tell your body it’s time to rest. Some great examples of nighttime rituals are baths, reading a book, journaling, meditation, or gentle stretching.\nCreate an ideal sleep environment\n–\nYour bedroom\nshould be dark to promote melatonin production. However, keeping it cool and quiet can also foster better sleep. Additionally, sleeping on a\nquality mattress\nand comfortable bedding can help you feel even more ready for sleep.\nAvoid alcohol at night\n– Research shows that\nalcohol negatively impacts sleep\n20\n. Therefore, avoid consuming alcohol at night if you’re having sleep issues. \nStop drinking caffeine in the afternoon\n– You should have your last cup of coffee at least\nsix hours\n21\nbefore you plan to go to bed since caffeine can stay in your system for up to six hours. \nAvoid large meals at night\n– Eating a big meal late at night could negatively impact your sleep, possibly causing discomfort or indigestion. Research shows that eating\nthree hours\n22\nor more before bed is ideal.\nAdd in regular exercise\n– Regular exercise\nhas been proven\n23\nto help you fall asleep more quickly and improve overall sleep quality. \nLimit afternoon naps\n– Afternoon naps can impact your ability to fall asleep at night. If you do need to take a nap, limit it to\n10 to 20 minutes\n24\nso it won’t negatively impact your sleep that night.\nTry magnesium instead\n– Certain types of\nmagnesium supplements\nmay help with sleep. Just like with melatonin, speak with your healthcare provider before introducing any to your daily routine.\nLearn more:\nMagnesium vs. Melatonin\nFrequently Asked Questions","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin\/#wp--skip-link--target)\n\n[![Sleep Advisor logo](https:\/\/i.sleepadvisor.org\/258\/153\/601\/1\/logo-dark.webp)](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/)\n\n- Best Mattress\n  - Most Popular\n    - [Best Mattress 2026](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/best-mattress\/)\n    - [Best Hotel Mattress](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/best-hotel-mattress\/)\n    - [Best Hybrid Mattress](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/best-hybrid-mattress\/)\n    - [Best Memory Foam Mattress](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/best-memory-foam-mattress\/)\n    - [Best Latex Mattress](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/best-latex-mattress\/)\n    - [Best Innerspring Mattress](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/best-innerspring-mattress\/)\n    - [Most Comfortable Mattress](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/most-comfortable-mattress\/)\n    - 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For more details, read our full [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/editorial-policy\/).\n\n### In This Article\nDiscover comprehensive information about the safety and potential side effects of melatonin, along with additional tips and insights.\n\n»\n\nTable of Contents\n\n[Side Effects of Melatonin](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin\/#side-effects-of-melatonin-) [Melatonin Safety](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin\/#melatonin-safety) [Additional Sleep Tips](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin\/#additional-sleep-tips-) [Frequently Asked Questions](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin\/#frequently-asked-questions)\n\nMelatonin is a hormone that we all naturally produce. Its production [increases when it is dark](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK550972\/)1, signaling to our bodies that it is time to get sleepy, and it decreases when it becomes light, signaling to our bodies it is time to wake up.\n\nMelatonin supplements, on the other hand, are often created synthetically, and you can take them in the form of capsules, tablets, liquids, gummies, [or even patches](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK534823\/)2. These are used to [help people sleep](https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/wellness-and-prevention\/melatonin-for-sleep-does-it-work)3 by helping to regulate their [circadian rhythm](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/what-is-circadian-rhythm\/), the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle.\n\nMelatonin is generally considered safe to take on a temporary basis, especially if people find it beneficial.1 However, that doesn’t mean it can’t have side effects.\n\n**Read Our Guide:** [Melatonin: Everything You Should Know](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/melatonin\/)\n\n## Side Effects of Melatonin\nExperts consider occasional or short-term melatonin use to be safe for most people, and the risk of side effects is low.2, 3\n\nThat said, there are [possible side effects](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/medicines\/melatonin\/side-effects-of-melatonin\/)4 that can happen when taking melatonin.\n\n- **Daytime fatigue** – The most common side effect of melatonin is fatigue in the morning after taking it.4 If this happens to you, try lowering your dose and making sure you’re taking it two hours before bed.3\n- **Headache** – Melatonin may cause a headache in some people. To combat this, England’s National Health Service (NHS) recommends drinking plenty of water if you’re taking melatonin. They also advise avoiding alcohol because it can make you dehydrated and impact the way melatonin works.4\n- **Stomach issues** – Some people report stomach aches or nausea when using melatonin.4 That said, some research has shown that melatonin may help with IBS due to its slight pain-relieving effects.2 Additionally, its ability to regulate the [circadian rhythms of our gut bacteria](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8959415\/)5 could be helpful as well.\n- **Dizziness** – The NHS recommends avoiding driving, cycling, or using any tools or machinery if melatonin has made you dizzy. Additionally, alcohol can worsen your dizziness, so avoid mixing melatonin and alcohol.4\n- **Irritability** – Some people report irritability or restlessness when taking melatonin.4 If this happens to you, it may very well be because you’re taking too high a dose.2 Try lowering your dose, and if this doesn’t work, stop taking melatonin.\n- **More vivid or strange dreams** – According to the NHS, taking melatonin may lead to more strange dreams.4 Supplemental melatonin can increase the [amount of time spent in REM sleep](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/does-melatonin-cause-bad-dreams)6, which is the portion of our sleep cycle when vivid dreams are more likely to occur. This means you could be more likely to dream since you’re in REM sleep longer, however, experts say it’s not clear whether melatonin directly causes more vivid dreaming.6\n\n**Melatonin may also interact with other medications and\/or supplements, so we encourage anyone considering melatonin to contact their healthcare provider first.**\n\n### Side Effects of Melatonin in Children\nSupplemental melatonin is generally considered [safe for kids](https:\/\/answers.childrenshospital.org\/melatonin-for-children\/)7 as long as the dose is appropriate and any behavioral or environmental issues impacting sleep are also addressed. However, melatonin may affect children differently than adults.\n\nFor example, experts say that melatonin production [declines at the onset of puberty](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6362935\/)8.\n\nSince this drop in melatonin is a natural process before puberty, some experts hypothesize that giving your prepubescent child melatonin could delay puberty, though more research is needed to confirm this.8\n\nChildren may also be more susceptible to nightmares and vivid dreams with melatonin supplements. Kids naturally [spend more time in REM sleep](https:\/\/kidshealth.org\/en\/parents\/sleep.html)9, and as mentioned, taking supplemental melatonin seems to increase the time spent in REM sleep, which is when vivid dreams and nightmares often occur.6\n\nOther side effects for children taking melatonin are similar to those of adults: headaches, dizziness, mood changes, and morning grogginess.7 These side effects should disappear with discontinuation.\n\nIt’s also important to note that most of the research done on children and melatonin is in kids with ADHD rather than kids without attention disorders. Therefore, more research is needed.\n\n**Learn more**: [A Guide to Melatonin for Kids](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/melatonin-for-kids\/)\n***\n## Melatonin Safety\n****Before taking any new supplements or altering your current dose, we strongly encourage you to consult your healthcare provider.****\n\nWhen taking melatonin it is important to remember that more is not alwaysbetter. Some experts advise taking 1 to 3 milligrams two hours before bed.3 That said, this dosage is a general recommendation, and you should discuss dosage with your healthcare provider to ensure you take the proper amount for you.\n\nMelatonin timing is important because two hours before bedtime is about when your body naturally starts producing melatonin in the absence of artificial light.1 So to help maximize its effectiveness, you’ll also want to dim the lights and stop looking at screens at about this time.3\n\nIf lowering the dose and taking it earlier does not mitigate your side effects, you can stop taking melatonin at any time without worrying about [weaning off of it](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/melatonin-dependency)10. Unlike other sleep medications where you need to take more of it over time or experience a “hangover” effect in the morning, melatonin is considered to be [non-addictive or habit-forming from a physiological standpoint](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/adult-health\/expert-answers\/melatonin-side-effects\/faq-20057874)11.\n\nHowever, it’s important to note that because melatonin is sold as a dietary supplement in the United States, it is not as strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as prescription medications. This means that when you buy your melatonin supplement, you’ll have no real way of knowing how much melatonin (or other ingredients) are actually in the supplement unless the brand does third-party testing, which is not industry standard at the moment unfortunately.2\n\nThis is why it is important to buy a melatonin supplement from a high-quality, reputable brand. For example, look for supplements approved by the [U.S. Pharmacopeia](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK218324\/)12, a third-party organization that helps provide product transparency for consumers. You can look for the words “USP verified” on the label.\n\n### Who Should Avoid Melatonin?\nAlthough this supplement is generally considered safe, certain populations should [avoid taking melatonin](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/medicines\/melatonin\/who-can-and-cannot-take-melatonin\/)13.\n\n- **Those who have a melatonin allergy** – If you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to a supplement containing melatonin or any other medication, you should not take melatonin.13\n- **Those with liver or kidney problems** – The National Health Service advises against taking melatonin for those with liver or kidney problems.13 However, there has been research looking at melatonin’s role in potentially [healing the liver](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5412268\/)14 and [kidneys](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10047594\/)15, so more information is needed.\n- **Those taking medications that could interact** – Melatonin may interact with certain medications, potentially impacting their efficacy. According to the [Mayo Clinic](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/drugs-supplements-melatonin\/art-20363071)16, these include drugs for blood clots, seizures, blood pressure, the central nervous system, diabetes, and contraception — among others.\n- **People with autoimmune disorders** – If you have lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or any other autoimmune condition, you should avoid supplemental melatonin as it may stimulate inflammation.13\n### Can You Overdose on Melatonin?\nLet’s quickly clarify the difference between an overdose and a lethal dose. [An overdose](https:\/\/www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au\/health\/healthyliving\/drug-overdose)17 means you’ve taken too much of something (a “toxic” amount) and are experiencing side effects as a result. A lethal dose means you have taken so much of something that it kills you.\n\nYou can overdose on melatonin, meaning you can take too much of it and experience side effects. The most common [side effects of a melatonin overdose](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9567778\/)18 are drowsiness, dizziness, headache, fatigue, confusion, bad dreams, hypothermia, tachycardia, and hypotension.\n\n**Learn more:** Can You [Overdose on Melatonin?](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/can-you-overdose-on-melatonin\/)\n\n### When Should You Seek Medical Help?\nMore serious melatonin side effects are rare, affecting less than 1 in 1,000 people. That said, if after taking melatonin you experience changes in your eyesight, feel faint or pass out, start feeling confused, experience vertigo, or have unexplained bruising or bleeding that does not stop, you should discontinue use and call your healthcare provider or 911.4\n\nIn very rare cases, it is possible to have a **serious allergic reaction to melatonin**, which includes symptoms such as4:\n\n- Sudden swelling of the lips, tongue, mouth, or throat\n- Struggling to breathe\n- Inability to swallow\n- The skin, tongue, or lips suddenly turn blue, gray, or pale\n- A skin rash that is swollen, itchy, blistered, or peeling\n- Sudden confusion, dizziness, or drowsiness\n- Fainting and not waking up\n- A child going limp, floppy, or not responding as they normally do\n\nIf any of these symptoms of an allergic reaction occur after taking melatonin, you should discontinue use and seek emergency medical care.\n***\n## Additional Sleep Tips\nIf you either can’t or would prefer not to take melatonin, there are other ways to [get better sleep](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/how-to-get-better-sleep\/) through daily sleep hygiene habits. Many of these can also complement the effects of melatonin supplementation.\n\n- **Increase your melatonin naturally** – You can help your body’s natural melatonin production by dimming the lights at night and cutting off screen devices like smartphones and laptops at least one hour before bed.1 You can also eat more [melatonin-boosting foods](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5409706\/)19 like eggs, fish, nuts, seeds, legumes, mushrooms, and certain cereals.\n- **Establish a regular sleep schedule** – Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day can help regulate your circadian rhythm and get your sleep schedule back on track.\n- **Practice a nightly routine** – Introducing a regular, relaxing nighttime routine can help you wind down before bed and tell your body it’s time to rest. Some great examples of nighttime rituals are baths, reading a book, journaling, meditation, or gentle stretching.\n- **Create an ideal sleep environment** – [Your bedroom](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/sleep-enviroment\/) should be dark to promote melatonin production. However, keeping it cool and quiet can also foster better sleep. Additionally, sleeping on a [quality mattress](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/best-mattress\/) and comfortable bedding can help you feel even more ready for sleep.\n- **Avoid alcohol at night** – Research shows that [alcohol negatively impacts sleep](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31128400\/)20. Therefore, avoid consuming alcohol at night if you’re having sleep issues.\n- **Stop drinking caffeine in the afternoon** – You should have your last cup of coffee at least [six hours](https:\/\/www.houstonmethodist.org\/blog\/articles\/2021\/oct\/caffeine-sleep-how-long-does-caffeine-keep-you-awake\/)21 before you plan to go to bed since caffeine can stay in your system for up to six hours.\n- **Avoid large meals at night** – Eating a big meal late at night could negatively impact your sleep, possibly causing discomfort or indigestion. Research shows that eating [three hours](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7215804\/)22 or more before bed is ideal.\n- **Add in regular exercise** – Regular exercise [has been proven](https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/wellness-and-prevention\/exercising-for-better-sleep)23 to help you fall asleep more quickly and improve overall sleep quality.\n- **Limit afternoon naps** – Afternoon naps can impact your ability to fall asleep at night. If you do need to take a nap, limit it to [10 to 20 minutes](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/adult-health\/in-depth\/napping\/art-20048319)24 so it won’t negatively impact your sleep that night.\n- **Try magnesium instead** – Certain types of [magnesium supplements](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/best-magnesium-for-sleep\/) may help with sleep. Just like with melatonin, speak with your healthcare provider before introducing any to your daily routine.\n\n**Learn more:** [Magnesium vs. Melatonin](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/magnesium-vs-melatonin\/)\n***\n## Frequently Asked Questions\n\nWhat are the negative side effects of melatonin?\n\nMelatonin is generally considered to be safe with a low risk of side effects.2, 3 However, if you do experience melatonin side effects, they are most likely to be morning fatigue, headache, grogginess, vivid dreams, upset stomach, or irritability.4 If you experience any of these melatonin side effects, you can try lowering the dose or you can stop taking the supplements completely. Side effects should disappear with discontinuation.\n\nIs 10 milligrams of melatonin too much?\n\nIn general, it’s advised that people start with smaller doses, such as 1-3 milligrams two hours before bedtime.3 While 10 milligrams hasn’t been associated with negative side effects, [researchers recommend](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11027741\/)25 doctor supervision at a dose this high.\n\nIs it harmful to take melatonin every night?\n\nTraditionally, healthcare providers have recommended taking melatonin supplements only occasionally or short-term (one to two months).3 However, research is being conducted about melatonin’s potential benefits and risks when [taken long-term](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36976674\/)26, especially in certain populations.\n\n[Back To Top](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin\/)\n\n![Natalie Grigson](https:\/\/i.sleepadvisor.org\/427\/227\/301\/1\/Natalie-G.-1024x1024.webp)\n\n## Natalie Grigson\nWriter\n\n### About Author\nNatalie is a content writer for Sleep Advisor with a deep passion for all things health and a fascination with the mysterious activity that is sleep. Outside of writing about sleep, she is a bestselling author, improviser, and creative writing teacher based out of Austin.\n\nSide Sleeper\n\n**References:**\n\n1. Arendt PhD, Josephine., Aulinas MD PhD, Anna. “Physiology of the Pineal Gland and Melatonin”. *Endotext*. Last modified October 30, 2022.\n2. Savage, Rosemary A., et al. “Melatonin”. StatPearls. Last modified August 8, 2022.\n3. “Melatonin for Sleep: Does It Work?”. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Webpage accessed December 31, 2023.\n4. “Side effects of melatonin”. National Health Service. Last modified February 13, 2023.\n5. Fowler, Sophie., et al. “Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin Metabolism in Patients With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions”. *Frontiers in Neuroscience*. 2022.\n6. “Can Melatonin Cause Bad Dreams? What Experts Say”. Cleveland Clinic. 2021.\n7. Fliesler, Nancy. “Melatonin for kids: Is it effective? Is it safe?”. Boston Children’s Hospital. 2022.\n8. Boafo, Addo., et al. “Could long-term administration of melatonin to prepubertal children affect timing of puberty? A clinician’s perspective”. *Nature and Science of Sleep*. 2019.\n9. Gavin MD, Mary L. “Kids and Sleep”. NEMOURS KidsHealth. Last modified January 2021.\n10. “The Truth About Melatonin Addiction”. Cleveland Clinic. 2022.\n11. Bauer MD, Brent A. “Is melatonin a helpful sleep aid — and what should I know about melatonin side effects?”. Mayo Clinic. 2022.\n12. “United States Pharmacopeial Convention”. National Library of Medicine. 1988.\n13. “Who can and cannot take melatonin”. National Health Service. Last modified February 13, 2023.\n14. Zhang, Jiao-Jiao., et al. “Effects of Melatonin on Liver Injuries and Diseases”. *International Journal of Molecular Sciences*. 2017.\n15. Markowska, Magdalena., Niemczyk, Stanisław., Romejko, Katarzyna. “Melatonin Treatment in Kidney Diseases”. *Cells*. 2023.\n16. “Melatonin”. Mayo Clinic. Last modified August 10, 2023.\n17. “Drug overdose”. BetterHealth Channel. Webpage accessed January 1, 2024.\n18. Higueras, T. Gutierrez, et al. “Attempted suicide by Melatonin overdose: Case report and literature review”. *European Psychiatry*. 2022.\n19. Meng, Xiao., et al. “Dietary Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin”. *Nutrients*. 2017.\n20. He, Sean., Hasler, Brant P., Chakravorty, Subhajit. “Alcohol and sleep-related problems”. National Library of Medicine. 2019.\n21. McCallum, Katie. “Caffeine & Sleep: How Long Does Caffeine Keep You Awake?”. Houston Methodist Hospital. 2023.\n22. Chung, Nikola., et al. “Does the Proximity of Meals to Bedtime Influence the Sleep of Young Adults? A Cross-Sectional Survey of University Students”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020.\n23. “Exercising for Better Sleep”. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Webpage accessed January 1, 2024.\n24. “Napping: Do’s and don’ts for healthy adults”. Mayo Clinic. Last modified November 9, 2022.\n25. Sack, R.L., et al. “Entrainment of free-running circadian rhythms by melatonin in blind people”. National Library of Medicine. 2000.\n26. Givler, Donald., et al. “Chronic Administration of Melatonin: Physiological and Clinical Considerations”. 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All rights reserved.\n\nImportant – By using this website, you are agreeing to our Terms of Use\n\n- [Terms & Conditions](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/terms-conditions\/)\n- [Disclosures & Disclaimers](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/disclosures\/)\n- [DMCA Policy](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/dmca-policy\/)\n\nSleepAdvisor.org is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com.\n\nInformation from your device can be used to personalize your ad experience.\n\n[Do not sell or share my personal information](https:\/\/privacyportal-eu.onetrust.com\/webform\/134e30f1-62e8-4c4e-90b2-e8074c35b214\/20cb5f44-059c-475f-aa5b-aba910032327)\n\nA Raptive Partner Site\n\n![](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/tr?id=338629820072625&ev=PageView&noscript=1)","attrs_readable_markdown":"### Our Research Process\nHere at Sleep Advisor, our editorial team utilizes reputable sources and expert feedback to provide well-researched sleep health content. For more details, read our full [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/editorial-policy\/).\n\n### In This Article\nDiscover comprehensive information about the safety and potential side effects of melatonin, along with additional tips and insights.\n\nMelatonin is a hormone that we all naturally produce. Its production [increases when it is dark](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK550972\/)1, signaling to our bodies that it is time to get sleepy, and it decreases when it becomes light, signaling to our bodies it is time to wake up.\n\nMelatonin supplements, on the other hand, are often created synthetically, and you can take them in the form of capsules, tablets, liquids, gummies, [or even patches](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK534823\/)2. These are used to [help people sleep](https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/wellness-and-prevention\/melatonin-for-sleep-does-it-work)3 by helping to regulate their [circadian rhythm](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/what-is-circadian-rhythm\/), the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle.\n\nMelatonin is generally considered safe to take on a temporary basis, especially if people find it beneficial.1 However, that doesn’t mean it can’t have side effects.\n\n**Read Our Guide:** [Melatonin: Everything You Should Know](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/melatonin\/)\n\n## Side Effects of Melatonin\nExperts consider occasional or short-term melatonin use to be safe for most people, and the risk of side effects is low.2, 3\n\nThat said, there are [possible side effects](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/medicines\/melatonin\/side-effects-of-melatonin\/)4 that can happen when taking melatonin.\n\n- **Daytime fatigue** – The most common side effect of melatonin is fatigue in the morning after taking it.4 If this happens to you, try lowering your dose and making sure you’re taking it two hours before bed.3\n- **Headache** – Melatonin may cause a headache in some people. To combat this, England’s National Health Service (NHS) recommends drinking plenty of water if you’re taking melatonin. They also advise avoiding alcohol because it can make you dehydrated and impact the way melatonin works.4\n- **Stomach issues** – Some people report stomach aches or nausea when using melatonin.4 That said, some research has shown that melatonin may help with IBS due to its slight pain-relieving effects.2 Additionally, its ability to regulate the [circadian rhythms of our gut bacteria](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8959415\/)5 could be helpful as well.\n- **Dizziness** – The NHS recommends avoiding driving, cycling, or using any tools or machinery if melatonin has made you dizzy. Additionally, alcohol can worsen your dizziness, so avoid mixing melatonin and alcohol.4\n- **Irritability** – Some people report irritability or restlessness when taking melatonin.4 If this happens to you, it may very well be because you’re taking too high a dose.2 Try lowering your dose, and if this doesn’t work, stop taking melatonin.\n- **More vivid or strange dreams** – According to the NHS, taking melatonin may lead to more strange dreams.4 Supplemental melatonin can increase the [amount of time spent in REM sleep](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/does-melatonin-cause-bad-dreams)6, which is the portion of our sleep cycle when vivid dreams are more likely to occur. This means you could be more likely to dream since you’re in REM sleep longer, however, experts say it’s not clear whether melatonin directly causes more vivid dreaming.6\n\n**Melatonin may also interact with other medications and\/or supplements, so we encourage anyone considering melatonin to contact their healthcare provider first.**\n\n### Side Effects of Melatonin in Children\nSupplemental melatonin is generally considered [safe for kids](https:\/\/answers.childrenshospital.org\/melatonin-for-children\/)7 as long as the dose is appropriate and any behavioral or environmental issues impacting sleep are also addressed. However, melatonin may affect children differently than adults.\n\nFor example, experts say that melatonin production [declines at the onset of puberty](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6362935\/)8.\n\nSince this drop in melatonin is a natural process before puberty, some experts hypothesize that giving your prepubescent child melatonin could delay puberty, though more research is needed to confirm this.8\n\nChildren may also be more susceptible to nightmares and vivid dreams with melatonin supplements. Kids naturally [spend more time in REM sleep](https:\/\/kidshealth.org\/en\/parents\/sleep.html)9, and as mentioned, taking supplemental melatonin seems to increase the time spent in REM sleep, which is when vivid dreams and nightmares often occur.6\n\nOther side effects for children taking melatonin are similar to those of adults: headaches, dizziness, mood changes, and morning grogginess.7 These side effects should disappear with discontinuation.\n\nIt’s also important to note that most of the research done on children and melatonin is in kids with ADHD rather than kids without attention disorders. Therefore, more research is needed.\n\n**Learn more**: [A Guide to Melatonin for Kids](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/melatonin-for-kids\/)\n\n## Melatonin Safety\n****Before taking any new supplements or altering your current dose, we strongly encourage you to consult your healthcare provider.****\n\nWhen taking melatonin it is important to remember that more is not alwaysbetter. Some experts advise taking 1 to 3 milligrams two hours before bed.3 That said, this dosage is a general recommendation, and you should discuss dosage with your healthcare provider to ensure you take the proper amount for you.\n\nMelatonin timing is important because two hours before bedtime is about when your body naturally starts producing melatonin in the absence of artificial light.1 So to help maximize its effectiveness, you’ll also want to dim the lights and stop looking at screens at about this time.3\n\nIf lowering the dose and taking it earlier does not mitigate your side effects, you can stop taking melatonin at any time without worrying about [weaning off of it](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/melatonin-dependency)10. Unlike other sleep medications where you need to take more of it over time or experience a “hangover” effect in the morning, melatonin is considered to be [non-addictive or habit-forming from a physiological standpoint](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/adult-health\/expert-answers\/melatonin-side-effects\/faq-20057874)11.\n\nHowever, it’s important to note that because melatonin is sold as a dietary supplement in the United States, it is not as strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as prescription medications. This means that when you buy your melatonin supplement, you’ll have no real way of knowing how much melatonin (or other ingredients) are actually in the supplement unless the brand does third-party testing, which is not industry standard at the moment unfortunately.2\n\nThis is why it is important to buy a melatonin supplement from a high-quality, reputable brand. For example, look for supplements approved by the [U.S. Pharmacopeia](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK218324\/)12, a third-party organization that helps provide product transparency for consumers. You can look for the words “USP verified” on the label.\n\n### Who Should Avoid Melatonin?\nAlthough this supplement is generally considered safe, certain populations should [avoid taking melatonin](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/medicines\/melatonin\/who-can-and-cannot-take-melatonin\/)13.\n\n- **Those who have a melatonin allergy** – If you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to a supplement containing melatonin or any other medication, you should not take melatonin.13\n- **Those with liver or kidney problems** – The National Health Service advises against taking melatonin for those with liver or kidney problems.13 However, there has been research looking at melatonin’s role in potentially [healing the liver](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5412268\/)14 and [kidneys](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10047594\/)15, so more information is needed.\n- **Those taking medications that could interact** – Melatonin may interact with certain medications, potentially impacting their efficacy. According to the [Mayo Clinic](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/drugs-supplements-melatonin\/art-20363071)16, these include drugs for blood clots, seizures, blood pressure, the central nervous system, diabetes, and contraception — among others.\n- **People with autoimmune disorders** – If you have lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or any other autoimmune condition, you should avoid supplemental melatonin as it may stimulate inflammation.13\n### Can You Overdose on Melatonin?\nLet’s quickly clarify the difference between an overdose and a lethal dose. [An overdose](https:\/\/www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au\/health\/healthyliving\/drug-overdose)17 means you’ve taken too much of something (a “toxic” amount) and are experiencing side effects as a result. A lethal dose means you have taken so much of something that it kills you.\n\nYou can overdose on melatonin, meaning you can take too much of it and experience side effects. The most common [side effects of a melatonin overdose](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9567778\/)18 are drowsiness, dizziness, headache, fatigue, confusion, bad dreams, hypothermia, tachycardia, and hypotension.\n\n**Learn more:** Can You [Overdose on Melatonin?](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/can-you-overdose-on-melatonin\/)\n\n### When Should You Seek Medical Help?\nMore serious melatonin side effects are rare, affecting less than 1 in 1,000 people. That said, if after taking melatonin you experience changes in your eyesight, feel faint or pass out, start feeling confused, experience vertigo, or have unexplained bruising or bleeding that does not stop, you should discontinue use and call your healthcare provider or 911.4\n\nIn very rare cases, it is possible to have a **serious allergic reaction to melatonin**, which includes symptoms such as4:\n\n- Sudden swelling of the lips, tongue, mouth, or throat\n- Struggling to breathe\n- Inability to swallow\n- The skin, tongue, or lips suddenly turn blue, gray, or pale\n- A skin rash that is swollen, itchy, blistered, or peeling\n- Sudden confusion, dizziness, or drowsiness\n- Fainting and not waking up\n- A child going limp, floppy, or not responding as they normally do\n\nIf any of these symptoms of an allergic reaction occur after taking melatonin, you should discontinue use and seek emergency medical care.\n\n## Additional Sleep Tips\nIf you either can’t or would prefer not to take melatonin, there are other ways to [get better sleep](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/how-to-get-better-sleep\/) through daily sleep hygiene habits. Many of these can also complement the effects of melatonin supplementation.\n\n- **Increase your melatonin naturally** – You can help your body’s natural melatonin production by dimming the lights at night and cutting off screen devices like smartphones and laptops at least one hour before bed.1 You can also eat more [melatonin-boosting foods](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5409706\/)19 like eggs, fish, nuts, seeds, legumes, mushrooms, and certain cereals.\n- **Establish a regular sleep schedule** – Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day can help regulate your circadian rhythm and get your sleep schedule back on track.\n- **Practice a nightly routine** – Introducing a regular, relaxing nighttime routine can help you wind down before bed and tell your body it’s time to rest. Some great examples of nighttime rituals are baths, reading a book, journaling, meditation, or gentle stretching.\n- **Create an ideal sleep environment** – [Your bedroom](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/sleep-enviroment\/) should be dark to promote melatonin production. However, keeping it cool and quiet can also foster better sleep. Additionally, sleeping on a [quality mattress](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/best-mattress\/) and comfortable bedding can help you feel even more ready for sleep.\n- **Avoid alcohol at night** – Research shows that [alcohol negatively impacts sleep](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31128400\/)20. Therefore, avoid consuming alcohol at night if you’re having sleep issues.\n- **Stop drinking caffeine in the afternoon** – You should have your last cup of coffee at least [six hours](https:\/\/www.houstonmethodist.org\/blog\/articles\/2021\/oct\/caffeine-sleep-how-long-does-caffeine-keep-you-awake\/)21 before you plan to go to bed since caffeine can stay in your system for up to six hours.\n- **Avoid large meals at night** – Eating a big meal late at night could negatively impact your sleep, possibly causing discomfort or indigestion. Research shows that eating [three hours](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7215804\/)22 or more before bed is ideal.\n- **Add in regular exercise** – Regular exercise [has been proven](https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/wellness-and-prevention\/exercising-for-better-sleep)23 to help you fall asleep more quickly and improve overall sleep quality.\n- **Limit afternoon naps** – Afternoon naps can impact your ability to fall asleep at night. If you do need to take a nap, limit it to [10 to 20 minutes](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/adult-health\/in-depth\/napping\/art-20048319)24 so it won’t negatively impact your sleep that night.\n- **Try magnesium instead** – Certain types of [magnesium supplements](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/best-magnesium-for-sleep\/) may help with sleep. Just like with melatonin, speak with your healthcare provider before introducing any to your daily routine.\n\n**Learn more:** [Magnesium vs. Melatonin](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/magnesium-vs-melatonin\/)\n\n## Frequently Asked Questions","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Our Research Process Here at Sleep Advisor, our editorial team utilizes reputable sources and expert feedback to provide well-researched sleep health content. For more details, read our full editorial policy . In This Article Discover comprehensive information about the safety and potential side effects of melatonin, along with additional tips and insights. Melatonin is a hormone that we all naturally produce. Its production increases when it is dark 1 , signaling to our bodies that it is time to get sleepy, and it decreases when it becomes light, signaling to our bodies it is time to wake up. Melatonin supplements, on the other hand, are often created synthetically, and you can take them in the form of capsules, tablets, liquids, gummies, or even patches 2 . These are used to help people sleep 3 by helping to regulate their circadian rhythm , the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin is generally considered safe to take on a temporary basis, especially if people find it beneficial. 1 However, that doesn’t mean it can’t have side effects. Read Our Guide: Melatonin: Everything You Should Know Side Effects of Melatonin Experts consider occasional or short-term melatonin use to be safe for most people, and the risk of side effects is low. 2, 3 That said, there are possible side effects 4 that can happen when taking melatonin. Daytime fatigue – The most common side effect of melatonin is fatigue in the morning after taking it. 4 If this happens to you, try lowering your dose and making sure you’re taking it two hours before bed. 3 Headache – Melatonin may cause a headache in some people. To combat this, England’s National Health Service (NHS) recommends drinking plenty of water if you’re taking melatonin. They also advise avoiding alcohol because it can make you dehydrated and impact the way melatonin works. 4 Stomach issues – Some people report stomach aches or nausea when using melatonin. 4 That said, some research has shown that melatonin may help with IBS due to its slight pain-relieving effects. 2 Additionally, its ability to regulate the circadian rhythms of our gut bacteria 5 could be helpful as well. Dizziness – The NHS recommends avoiding driving, cycling, or using any tools or machinery if melatonin has made you dizzy. Additionally, alcohol can worsen your dizziness, so avoid mixing melatonin and alcohol. 4 Irritability – Some people report irritability or restlessness when taking melatonin. 4 If this happens to you, it may very well be because you’re taking too high a dose. 2 Try lowering your dose, and if this doesn’t work, stop taking melatonin. More vivid or strange dreams – According to the NHS, taking melatonin may lead to more strange dreams. 4 Supplemental melatonin can increase the amount of time spent in REM sleep 6 , which is the portion of our sleep cycle when vivid dreams are more likely to occur. This means you could be more likely to dream since you’re in REM sleep longer, however, experts say it’s not clear whether melatonin directly causes more vivid dreaming. 6 Melatonin may also interact with other medications and/or supplements, so we encourage anyone considering melatonin to contact their healthcare provider first. Side Effects of Melatonin in Children Supplemental melatonin is generally considered safe for kids 7 as long as the dose is appropriate and any behavioral or environmental issues impacting sleep are also addressed. However, melatonin may affect children differently than adults. For example, experts say that melatonin production declines at the onset of puberty 8 . Since this drop in melatonin is a natural process before puberty, some experts hypothesize that giving your prepubescent child melatonin could delay puberty, though more research is needed to confirm this. 8 Children may also be more susceptible to nightmares and vivid dreams with melatonin supplements. Kids naturally spend more time in REM sleep 9 , and as mentioned, taking supplemental melatonin seems to increase the time spent in REM sleep, which is when vivid dreams and nightmares often occur. 6 Other side effects for children taking melatonin are similar to those of adults: headaches, dizziness, mood changes, and morning grogginess. 7 These side effects should disappear with discontinuation. It’s also important to note that most of the research done on children and melatonin is in kids with ADHD rather than kids without attention disorders. Therefore, more research is needed. Learn more : A Guide to Melatonin for Kids Melatonin Safety Before taking any new supplements or altering your current dose, we strongly encourage you to consult your healthcare provider. When taking melatonin it is important to remember that more is not always better. Some experts advise taking 1 to 3 milligrams two hours before bed. 3 That said, this dosage is a general recommendation, and you should discuss dosage with your healthcare provider to ensure you take the proper amount for you. Melatonin timing is important because two hours before bedtime is about when your body naturally starts producing melatonin in the absence of artificial light. 1 So to help maximize its effectiveness, you’ll also want to dim the lights and stop looking at screens at about this time. 3 If lowering the dose and taking it earlier does not mitigate your side effects, you can stop taking melatonin at any time without worrying about weaning off of it 10 . Unlike other sleep medications where you need to take more of it over time or experience a “hangover” effect in the morning, melatonin is considered to be non-addictive or habit-forming from a physiological standpoint 11 . However, it’s important to note that because melatonin is sold as a dietary supplement in the United States, it is not as strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as prescription medications. This means that when you buy your melatonin supplement, you’ll have no real way of knowing how much melatonin (or other ingredients) are actually in the supplement unless the brand does third-party testing, which is not industry standard at the moment unfortunately. 2 This is why it is important to buy a melatonin supplement from a high-quality, reputable brand. For example, look for supplements approved by the U.S. Pharmacopeia 12 , a third-party organization that helps provide product transparency for consumers. You can look for the words “USP verified” on the label. Who Should Avoid Melatonin? Although this supplement is generally considered safe, certain populations should avoid taking melatonin 13 . Those who have a melatonin allergy – If you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to a supplement containing melatonin or any other medication, you should not take melatonin. 13 Those with liver or kidney problems – The National Health Service advises against taking melatonin for those with liver or kidney problems. 13 However, there has been research looking at melatonin’s role in potentially healing the liver 14 and kidneys 15 , so more information is needed. Those taking medications that could interact – Melatonin may interact with certain medications, potentially impacting their efficacy. According to the Mayo Clinic 16 , these include drugs for blood clots, seizures, blood pressure, the central nervous system, diabetes, and contraception — among others. People with autoimmune disorders – If you have lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or any other autoimmune condition, you should avoid supplemental melatonin as it may stimulate inflammation. 13 Can You Overdose on Melatonin? Let’s quickly clarify the difference between an overdose and a lethal dose. An overdose 17 means you’ve taken too much of something (a “toxic” amount) and are experiencing side effects as a result. A lethal dose means you have taken so much of something that it kills you. You can overdose on melatonin, meaning you can take too much of it and experience side effects. The most common side effects of a melatonin overdose 18 are drowsiness, dizziness, headache, fatigue, confusion, bad dreams, hypothermia, tachycardia, and hypotension. Learn more: Can You Overdose on Melatonin? When Should You Seek Medical Help? More serious melatonin side effects are rare, affecting less than 1 in 1,000 people. That said, if after taking melatonin you experience changes in your eyesight, feel faint or pass out, start feeling confused, experience vertigo, or have unexplained bruising or bleeding that does not stop, you should discontinue use and call your healthcare provider or 911. 4 In very rare cases, it is possible to have a serious allergic reaction to melatonin , which includes symptoms such as 4 : Sudden swelling of the lips, tongue, mouth, or throat Struggling to breathe Inability to swallow The skin, tongue, or lips suddenly turn blue, gray, or pale A skin rash that is swollen, itchy, blistered, or peeling Sudden confusion, dizziness, or drowsiness Fainting and not waking up A child going limp, floppy, or not responding as they normally do If any of these symptoms of an allergic reaction occur after taking melatonin, you should discontinue use and seek emergency medical care. Additional Sleep Tips If you either can’t or would prefer not to take melatonin, there are other ways to get better sleep through daily sleep hygiene habits. Many of these can also complement the effects of melatonin supplementation. Increase your melatonin naturally – You can help your body’s natural melatonin production by dimming the lights at night and cutting off screen devices like smartphones and laptops at least one hour before bed. 1 You can also eat more melatonin-boosting foods 19 like eggs, fish, nuts, seeds, legumes, mushrooms, and certain cereals. Establish a regular sleep schedule – Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day can help regulate your circadian rhythm and get your sleep schedule back on track. Practice a nightly routine – Introducing a regular, relaxing nighttime routine can help you wind down before bed and tell your body it’s time to rest. Some great examples of nighttime rituals are baths, reading a book, journaling, meditation, or gentle stretching. Create an ideal sleep environment – Your bedroom should be dark to promote melatonin production. However, keeping it cool and quiet can also foster better sleep. Additionally, sleeping on a quality mattress and comfortable bedding can help you feel even more ready for sleep. Avoid alcohol at night – Research shows that alcohol negatively impacts sleep 20 . Therefore, avoid consuming alcohol at night if you’re having sleep issues. Stop drinking caffeine in the afternoon – You should have your last cup of coffee at least six hours 21 before you plan to go to bed since caffeine can stay in your system for up to six hours. Avoid large meals at night – Eating a big meal late at night could negatively impact your sleep, possibly causing discomfort or indigestion. Research shows that eating three hours 22 or more before bed is ideal. Add in regular exercise – Regular exercise has been proven 23 to help you fall asleep more quickly and improve overall sleep quality. Limit afternoon naps – Afternoon naps can impact your ability to fall asleep at night. If you do need to take a nap, limit it to 10 to 20 minutes 24 so it won’t negatively impact your sleep that night. Try magnesium instead – Certain types of magnesium supplements may help with sleep. Just like with melatonin, speak with your healthcare provider before introducing any to your daily routine. Learn more: Magnesium vs. Melatonin Frequently Asked Questions
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Last Updated on June 6, 2024 Written by [Natalie Grigson](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/author/natalie-g/ "Natalie Grigson"), Expert Reviewed by [Dr. Swathi Varanasi](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/author/swathiv/ "Dr. Swathi Varanasi") [![Natalie Grigson](https://i.sleepadvisor.org/367/362/172/1/Natalie-G..webp)](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/natalie-g/) ## Written by [Natalie Grigson, Writer](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/natalie-g/) ### Our Research Process Here at Sleep Advisor, our editorial team utilizes reputable sources and expert feedback to provide well-researched sleep health content. For more details, read our full [editorial policy](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/editorial-policy/). ### In This Article Discover comprehensive information about the safety and potential side effects of melatonin, along with additional tips and insights. » Table of Contents [Side Effects of Melatonin](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin/#side-effects-of-melatonin-) [Melatonin Safety](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin/#melatonin-safety) [Additional Sleep Tips](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin/#additional-sleep-tips-) [Frequently Asked Questions](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin/#frequently-asked-questions) Melatonin is a hormone that we all naturally produce. Its production [increases when it is dark](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK550972/)1, signaling to our bodies that it is time to get sleepy, and it decreases when it becomes light, signaling to our bodies it is time to wake up. Melatonin supplements, on the other hand, are often created synthetically, and you can take them in the form of capsules, tablets, liquids, gummies, [or even patches](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/)2. These are used to [help people sleep](https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/melatonin-for-sleep-does-it-work)3 by helping to regulate their [circadian rhythm](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/what-is-circadian-rhythm/), the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin is generally considered safe to take on a temporary basis, especially if people find it beneficial.1 However, that doesn’t mean it can’t have side effects. Read Our Guide: [Melatonin: Everything You Should Know](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/melatonin/) ## Side Effects of Melatonin Experts consider occasional or short-term melatonin use to be safe for most people, and the risk of side effects is low.2, 3 That said, there are [possible side effects](https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/melatonin/side-effects-of-melatonin/)4 that can happen when taking melatonin. - Daytime fatigue – The most common side effect of melatonin is fatigue in the morning after taking it.4 If this happens to you, try lowering your dose and making sure you’re taking it two hours before bed.3 - Headache – Melatonin may cause a headache in some people. To combat this, England’s National Health Service (NHS) recommends drinking plenty of water if you’re taking melatonin. They also advise avoiding alcohol because it can make you dehydrated and impact the way melatonin works.4 - Stomach issues – Some people report stomach aches or nausea when using melatonin.4 That said, some research has shown that melatonin may help with IBS due to its slight pain-relieving effects.2 Additionally, its ability to regulate the [circadian rhythms of our gut bacteria](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8959415/)5 could be helpful as well. - Dizziness – The NHS recommends avoiding driving, cycling, or using any tools or machinery if melatonin has made you dizzy. Additionally, alcohol can worsen your dizziness, so avoid mixing melatonin and alcohol.4 - Irritability – Some people report irritability or restlessness when taking melatonin.4 If this happens to you, it may very well be because you’re taking too high a dose.2 Try lowering your dose, and if this doesn’t work, stop taking melatonin. - More vivid or strange dreams – According to the NHS, taking melatonin may lead to more strange dreams.4 Supplemental melatonin can increase the [amount of time spent in REM sleep](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/does-melatonin-cause-bad-dreams)6, which is the portion of our sleep cycle when vivid dreams are more likely to occur. This means you could be more likely to dream since you’re in REM sleep longer, however, experts say it’s not clear whether melatonin directly causes more vivid dreaming.6 Melatonin may also interact with other medications and/or supplements, so we encourage anyone considering melatonin to contact their healthcare provider first. ### Side Effects of Melatonin in Children Supplemental melatonin is generally considered [safe for kids](https://answers.childrenshospital.org/melatonin-for-children/)7 as long as the dose is appropriate and any behavioral or environmental issues impacting sleep are also addressed. However, melatonin may affect children differently than adults. For example, experts say that melatonin production [declines at the onset of puberty](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6362935/)8. Since this drop in melatonin is a natural process before puberty, some experts hypothesize that giving your prepubescent child melatonin could delay puberty, though more research is needed to confirm this.8 Children may also be more susceptible to nightmares and vivid dreams with melatonin supplements. Kids naturally [spend more time in REM sleep](https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep.html)9, and as mentioned, taking supplemental melatonin seems to increase the time spent in REM sleep, which is when vivid dreams and nightmares often occur.6 Other side effects for children taking melatonin are similar to those of adults: headaches, dizziness, mood changes, and morning grogginess.7 These side effects should disappear with discontinuation. It’s also important to note that most of the research done on children and melatonin is in kids with ADHD rather than kids without attention disorders. Therefore, more research is needed. Learn more: [A Guide to Melatonin for Kids](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/melatonin-for-kids/) * ## Melatonin Safety **Before taking any new supplements or altering your current dose, we strongly encourage you to consult your healthcare provider. When taking melatonin it is important to remember that more is not alwaysbetter. Some experts advise taking 1 to 3 milligrams two hours before bed.3 That said, this dosage is a general recommendation, and you should discuss dosage with your healthcare provider to ensure you take the proper amount for you. Melatonin timing is important because two hours before bedtime is about when your body naturally starts producing melatonin in the absence of artificial light.1 So to help maximize its effectiveness, you’ll also want to dim the lights and stop looking at screens at about this time.3 If lowering the dose and taking it earlier does not mitigate your side effects, you can stop taking melatonin at any time without worrying about [weaning off of it](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/melatonin-dependency)10. Unlike other sleep medications where you need to take more of it over time or experience a “hangover” effect in the morning, melatonin is considered to be [non-addictive or habit-forming from a physiological standpoint](https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/melatonin-side-effects/faq-20057874)11. However, it’s important to note that because melatonin is sold as a dietary supplement in the United States, it is not as strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as prescription medications. This means that when you buy your melatonin supplement, you’ll have no real way of knowing how much melatonin (or other ingredients) are actually in the supplement unless the brand does third-party testing, which is not industry standard at the moment unfortunately.2 This is why it is important to buy a melatonin supplement from a high-quality, reputable brand. For example, look for supplements approved by the [U.S. Pharmacopeia](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218324/)12, a third-party organization that helps provide product transparency for consumers. You can look for the words “USP verified” on the label. ### Who Should Avoid Melatonin? Although this supplement is generally considered safe, certain populations should [avoid taking melatonin](https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/melatonin/who-can-and-cannot-take-melatonin/)13. - Those who have a melatonin allergy – If you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to a supplement containing melatonin or any other medication, you should not take melatonin.13 - Those with liver or kidney problems – The National Health Service advises against taking melatonin for those with liver or kidney problems.13 However, there has been research looking at melatonin’s role in potentially [healing the liver](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5412268/)14 and [kidneys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10047594/)15, so more information is needed. - Those taking medications that could interact – Melatonin may interact with certain medications, potentially impacting their efficacy. According to the [Mayo Clinic](https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-melatonin/art-20363071)16, these include drugs for blood clots, seizures, blood pressure, the central nervous system, diabetes, and contraception — among others. - People with autoimmune disorders – If you have lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or any other autoimmune condition, you should avoid supplemental melatonin as it may stimulate inflammation.13 ### Can You Overdose on Melatonin? Let’s quickly clarify the difference between an overdose and a lethal dose. [An overdose](https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/drug-overdose)17 means you’ve taken too much of something (a “toxic” amount) and are experiencing side effects as a result. A lethal dose means you have taken so much of something that it kills you. You can overdose on melatonin, meaning you can take too much of it and experience side effects. The most common [side effects of a melatonin overdose](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9567778/)18 are drowsiness, dizziness, headache, fatigue, confusion, bad dreams, hypothermia, tachycardia, and hypotension. Learn more: Can You [Overdose on Melatonin?](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/can-you-overdose-on-melatonin/) ### When Should You Seek Medical Help? More serious melatonin side effects are rare, affecting less than 1 in 1,000 people. That said, if after taking melatonin you experience changes in your eyesight, feel faint or pass out, start feeling confused, experience vertigo, or have unexplained bruising or bleeding that does not stop, you should discontinue use and call your healthcare provider or 911.4 In very rare cases, it is possible to have a serious allergic reaction to melatonin, which includes symptoms such as4: - Sudden swelling of the lips, tongue, mouth, or throat - Struggling to breathe - Inability to swallow - The skin, tongue, or lips suddenly turn blue, gray, or pale - A skin rash that is swollen, itchy, blistered, or peeling - Sudden confusion, dizziness, or drowsiness - Fainting and not waking up - A child going limp, floppy, or not responding as they normally do If any of these symptoms of an allergic reaction occur after taking melatonin, you should discontinue use and seek emergency medical care. * ## Additional Sleep Tips If you either can’t or would prefer not to take melatonin, there are other ways to [get better sleep](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/how-to-get-better-sleep/) through daily sleep hygiene habits. Many of these can also complement the effects of melatonin supplementation. - Increase your melatonin naturally – You can help your body’s natural melatonin production by dimming the lights at night and cutting off screen devices like smartphones and laptops at least one hour before bed.1 You can also eat more [melatonin-boosting foods](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409706/)19 like eggs, fish, nuts, seeds, legumes, mushrooms, and certain cereals. - Establish a regular sleep schedule – Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day can help regulate your circadian rhythm and get your sleep schedule back on track. - Practice a nightly routine – Introducing a regular, relaxing nighttime routine can help you wind down before bed and tell your body it’s time to rest. Some great examples of nighttime rituals are baths, reading a book, journaling, meditation, or gentle stretching. - Create an ideal sleep environment – [Your bedroom](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/sleep-enviroment/) should be dark to promote melatonin production. However, keeping it cool and quiet can also foster better sleep. Additionally, sleeping on a [quality mattress](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/best-mattress/) and comfortable bedding can help you feel even more ready for sleep. - Avoid alcohol at night – Research shows that [alcohol negatively impacts sleep](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31128400/)20. Therefore, avoid consuming alcohol at night if you’re having sleep issues. - Stop drinking caffeine in the afternoon – You should have your last cup of coffee at least [six hours](https://www.houstonmethodist.org/blog/articles/2021/oct/caffeine-sleep-how-long-does-caffeine-keep-you-awake/)21 before you plan to go to bed since caffeine can stay in your system for up to six hours. - Avoid large meals at night – Eating a big meal late at night could negatively impact your sleep, possibly causing discomfort or indigestion. Research shows that eating [three hours](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7215804/)22 or more before bed is ideal. - Add in regular exercise – Regular exercise [has been proven](https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/exercising-for-better-sleep)23 to help you fall asleep more quickly and improve overall sleep quality. - Limit afternoon naps – Afternoon naps can impact your ability to fall asleep at night. If you do need to take a nap, limit it to [10 to 20 minutes](https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/napping/art-20048319)24 so it won’t negatively impact your sleep that night. - Try magnesium instead – Certain types of [magnesium supplements](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/best-magnesium-for-sleep/) may help with sleep. Just like with melatonin, speak with your healthcare provider before introducing any to your daily routine. Learn more: [Magnesium vs. Melatonin](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/magnesium-vs-melatonin/) * ## Frequently Asked Questions What are the negative side effects of melatonin? Melatonin is generally considered to be safe with a low risk of side effects.2, 3 However, if you do experience melatonin side effects, they are most likely to be morning fatigue, headache, grogginess, vivid dreams, upset stomach, or irritability.4 If you experience any of these melatonin side effects, you can try lowering the dose or you can stop taking the supplements completely. Side effects should disappear with discontinuation. Is 10 milligrams of melatonin too much? In general, it’s advised that people start with smaller doses, such as 1-3 milligrams two hours before bedtime.3 While 10 milligrams hasn’t been associated with negative side effects, [researchers recommend](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11027741/)25 doctor supervision at a dose this high. Is it harmful to take melatonin every night? Traditionally, healthcare providers have recommended taking melatonin supplements only occasionally or short-term (one to two months).3 However, research is being conducted about melatonin’s potential benefits and risks when [taken long-term](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36976674/)26, especially in certain populations. [Back To Top](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/what-are-the-side-effects-of-melatonin/) ![Natalie Grigson](https://i.sleepadvisor.org/427/227/301/1/Natalie-G.-1024x1024.webp) ## Natalie Grigson Writer ### About Author Natalie is a content writer for Sleep Advisor with a deep passion for all things health and a fascination with the mysterious activity that is sleep. Outside of writing about sleep, she is a bestselling author, improviser, and creative writing teacher based out of Austin. Side Sleeper References:** 1. Arendt PhD, Josephine., Aulinas MD PhD, Anna. “Physiology of the Pineal Gland and Melatonin”. Endotext. Last modified October 30, 2022. 2. Savage, Rosemary A., et al. “Melatonin”. StatPearls. Last modified August 8, 2022. 3. “Melatonin for Sleep: Does It Work?”. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Webpage accessed December 31, 2023. 4. “Side effects of melatonin”. National Health Service. Last modified February 13, 2023. 5. Fowler, Sophie., et al. “Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin Metabolism in Patients With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions”. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2022. 6. “Can Melatonin Cause Bad Dreams? What Experts Say”. Cleveland Clinic. 2021. 7. Fliesler, Nancy. “Melatonin for kids: Is it effective? Is it safe?”. Boston Children’s Hospital. 2022. 8. Boafo, Addo., et al. “Could long-term administration of melatonin to prepubertal children affect timing of puberty? A clinician’s perspective”. Nature and Science of Sleep. 2019. 9. Gavin MD, Mary L. “Kids and Sleep”. NEMOURS KidsHealth. Last modified January 2021. 10. “The Truth About Melatonin Addiction”. Cleveland Clinic. 2022. 11. Bauer MD, Brent A. “Is melatonin a helpful sleep aid — and what should I know about melatonin side effects?”. Mayo Clinic. 2022. 12. “United States Pharmacopeial Convention”. National Library of Medicine. 1988. 13. “Who can and cannot take melatonin”. National Health Service. Last modified February 13, 2023. 14. Zhang, Jiao-Jiao., et al. “Effects of Melatonin on Liver Injuries and Diseases”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017. 15. Markowska, Magdalena., Niemczyk, Stanisław., Romejko, Katarzyna. “Melatonin Treatment in Kidney Diseases”. Cells. 2023. 16. “Melatonin”. Mayo Clinic. Last modified August 10, 2023. 17. “Drug overdose”. BetterHealth Channel. Webpage accessed January 1, 2024. 18. Higueras, T. Gutierrez, et al. “Attempted suicide by Melatonin overdose: Case report and literature review”. European Psychiatry. 2022. 19. Meng, Xiao., et al. “Dietary Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin”. Nutrients. 2017. 20. He, Sean., Hasler, Brant P., Chakravorty, Subhajit. “Alcohol and sleep-related problems”. National Library of Medicine. 2019. 21. McCallum, Katie. “Caffeine & Sleep: How Long Does Caffeine Keep You Awake?”. Houston Methodist Hospital. 2023. 22. Chung, Nikola., et al. “Does the Proximity of Meals to Bedtime Influence the Sleep of Young Adults? A Cross-Sectional Survey of University Students”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020. 23. “Exercising for Better Sleep”. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Webpage accessed January 1, 2024. 24. “Napping: Do’s and don’ts for healthy adults”. Mayo Clinic. Last modified November 9, 2022. 25. Sack, R.L., et al. “Entrainment of free-running circadian rhythms by melatonin in blind people”. National Library of Medicine. 2000. 26. Givler, Donald., et al. “Chronic Administration of Melatonin: Physiological and Clinical Considerations”. 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Readable Markdown	### Our Research Process Here at Sleep Advisor, our editorial team utilizes reputable sources and expert feedback to provide well-researched sleep health content. For more details, read our full [editorial policy](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/editorial-policy/). ### In This Article Discover comprehensive information about the safety and potential side effects of melatonin, along with additional tips and insights. Melatonin is a hormone that we all naturally produce. Its production [increases when it is dark](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK550972/)1, signaling to our bodies that it is time to get sleepy, and it decreases when it becomes light, signaling to our bodies it is time to wake up. Melatonin supplements, on the other hand, are often created synthetically, and you can take them in the form of capsules, tablets, liquids, gummies, [or even patches](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/)2. These are used to [help people sleep](https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/melatonin-for-sleep-does-it-work)3 by helping to regulate their [circadian rhythm](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/what-is-circadian-rhythm/), the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin is generally considered safe to take on a temporary basis, especially if people find it beneficial.1 However, that doesn’t mean it can’t have side effects. Read Our Guide: [Melatonin: Everything You Should Know](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/melatonin/) ## Side Effects of Melatonin Experts consider occasional or short-term melatonin use to be safe for most people, and the risk of side effects is low.2, 3 That said, there are [possible side effects](https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/melatonin/side-effects-of-melatonin/)4 that can happen when taking melatonin. - Daytime fatigue – The most common side effect of melatonin is fatigue in the morning after taking it.4 If this happens to you, try lowering your dose and making sure you’re taking it two hours before bed.3 - Headache – Melatonin may cause a headache in some people. To combat this, England’s National Health Service (NHS) recommends drinking plenty of water if you’re taking melatonin. They also advise avoiding alcohol because it can make you dehydrated and impact the way melatonin works.4 - Stomach issues – Some people report stomach aches or nausea when using melatonin.4 That said, some research has shown that melatonin may help with IBS due to its slight pain-relieving effects.2 Additionally, its ability to regulate the [circadian rhythms of our gut bacteria](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8959415/)5 could be helpful as well. - Dizziness – The NHS recommends avoiding driving, cycling, or using any tools or machinery if melatonin has made you dizzy. Additionally, alcohol can worsen your dizziness, so avoid mixing melatonin and alcohol.4 - Irritability – Some people report irritability or restlessness when taking melatonin.4 If this happens to you, it may very well be because you’re taking too high a dose.2 Try lowering your dose, and if this doesn’t work, stop taking melatonin. - More vivid or strange dreams – According to the NHS, taking melatonin may lead to more strange dreams.4 Supplemental melatonin can increase the [amount of time spent in REM sleep](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/does-melatonin-cause-bad-dreams)6, which is the portion of our sleep cycle when vivid dreams are more likely to occur. This means you could be more likely to dream since you’re in REM sleep longer, however, experts say it’s not clear whether melatonin directly causes more vivid dreaming.6 Melatonin may also interact with other medications and/or supplements, so we encourage anyone considering melatonin to contact their healthcare provider first. ### Side Effects of Melatonin in Children Supplemental melatonin is generally considered [safe for kids](https://answers.childrenshospital.org/melatonin-for-children/)7 as long as the dose is appropriate and any behavioral or environmental issues impacting sleep are also addressed. However, melatonin may affect children differently than adults. For example, experts say that melatonin production [declines at the onset of puberty](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6362935/)8. Since this drop in melatonin is a natural process before puberty, some experts hypothesize that giving your prepubescent child melatonin could delay puberty, though more research is needed to confirm this.8 Children may also be more susceptible to nightmares and vivid dreams with melatonin supplements. Kids naturally [spend more time in REM sleep](https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep.html)9, and as mentioned, taking supplemental melatonin seems to increase the time spent in REM sleep, which is when vivid dreams and nightmares often occur.6 Other side effects for children taking melatonin are similar to those of adults: headaches, dizziness, mood changes, and morning grogginess.7 These side effects should disappear with discontinuation. It’s also important to note that most of the research done on children and melatonin is in kids with ADHD rather than kids without attention disorders. Therefore, more research is needed. Learn more: [A Guide to Melatonin for Kids](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/melatonin-for-kids/) ## Melatonin Safety **Before taking any new supplements or altering your current dose, we strongly encourage you to consult your healthcare provider. When taking melatonin it is important to remember that more is not alwaysbetter. Some experts advise taking 1 to 3 milligrams two hours before bed.3 That said, this dosage is a general recommendation, and you should discuss dosage with your healthcare provider to ensure you take the proper amount for you. Melatonin timing is important because two hours before bedtime is about when your body naturally starts producing melatonin in the absence of artificial light.1 So to help maximize its effectiveness, you’ll also want to dim the lights and stop looking at screens at about this time.3 If lowering the dose and taking it earlier does not mitigate your side effects, you can stop taking melatonin at any time without worrying about [weaning off of it](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/melatonin-dependency)10. Unlike other sleep medications where you need to take more of it over time or experience a “hangover” effect in the morning, melatonin is considered to be [non-addictive or habit-forming from a physiological standpoint](https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/melatonin-side-effects/faq-20057874)11. However, it’s important to note that because melatonin is sold as a dietary supplement in the United States, it is not as strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as prescription medications. This means that when you buy your melatonin supplement, you’ll have no real way of knowing how much melatonin (or other ingredients) are actually in the supplement unless the brand does third-party testing, which is not industry standard at the moment unfortunately.2 This is why it is important to buy a melatonin supplement from a high-quality, reputable brand. For example, look for supplements approved by the [U.S. Pharmacopeia](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218324/)12, a third-party organization that helps provide product transparency for consumers. You can look for the words “USP verified” on the label. ### Who Should Avoid Melatonin? Although this supplement is generally considered safe, certain populations should [avoid taking melatonin](https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/melatonin/who-can-and-cannot-take-melatonin/)13. - Those who have a melatonin allergy – If you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to a supplement containing melatonin or any other medication, you should not take melatonin.13 - Those with liver or kidney problems – The National Health Service advises against taking melatonin for those with liver or kidney problems.13 However, there has been research looking at melatonin’s role in potentially [healing the liver](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5412268/)14 and [kidneys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10047594/)15, so more information is needed. - Those taking medications that could interact – Melatonin may interact with certain medications, potentially impacting their efficacy. According to the [Mayo Clinic](https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-melatonin/art-20363071)16, these include drugs for blood clots, seizures, blood pressure, the central nervous system, diabetes, and contraception — among others. - People with autoimmune disorders – If you have lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or any other autoimmune condition, you should avoid supplemental melatonin as it may stimulate inflammation.13 ### Can You Overdose on Melatonin? Let’s quickly clarify the difference between an overdose and a lethal dose. [An overdose](https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/drug-overdose)17 means you’ve taken too much of something (a “toxic” amount) and are experiencing side effects as a result. A lethal dose means you have taken so much of something that it kills you. You can overdose on melatonin, meaning you can take too much of it and experience side effects. The most common [side effects of a melatonin overdose](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9567778/)18 are drowsiness, dizziness, headache, fatigue, confusion, bad dreams, hypothermia, tachycardia, and hypotension. Learn more: Can You [Overdose on Melatonin?](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/can-you-overdose-on-melatonin/) ### When Should You Seek Medical Help? More serious melatonin side effects are rare, affecting less than 1 in 1,000 people. That said, if after taking melatonin you experience changes in your eyesight, feel faint or pass out, start feeling confused, experience vertigo, or have unexplained bruising or bleeding that does not stop, you should discontinue use and call your healthcare provider or 911.4 In very rare cases, it is possible to have a serious allergic reaction to melatonin, which includes symptoms such as4: - Sudden swelling of the lips, tongue, mouth, or throat - Struggling to breathe - Inability to swallow - The skin, tongue, or lips suddenly turn blue, gray, or pale - A skin rash that is swollen, itchy, blistered, or peeling - Sudden confusion, dizziness, or drowsiness - Fainting and not waking up - A child going limp, floppy, or not responding as they normally do If any of these symptoms of an allergic reaction occur after taking melatonin, you should discontinue use and seek emergency medical care. ## Additional Sleep Tips If you either can’t or would prefer not to take melatonin, there are other ways to [get better sleep](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/how-to-get-better-sleep/) through daily sleep hygiene habits. Many of these can also complement the effects of melatonin supplementation. - Increase your melatonin naturally – You can help your body’s natural melatonin production by dimming the lights at night and cutting off screen devices like smartphones and laptops at least one hour before bed.1 You can also eat more [melatonin-boosting foods](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409706/)19 like eggs, fish, nuts, seeds, legumes, mushrooms, and certain cereals. - Establish a regular sleep schedule – Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day can help regulate your circadian rhythm and get your sleep schedule back on track. - Practice a nightly routine – Introducing a regular, relaxing nighttime routine can help you wind down before bed and tell your body it’s time to rest. Some great examples of nighttime rituals are baths, reading a book, journaling, meditation, or gentle stretching. - Create an ideal sleep environment – [Your bedroom](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/sleep-enviroment/) should be dark to promote melatonin production. However, keeping it cool and quiet can also foster better sleep. Additionally, sleeping on a [quality mattress](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/best-mattress/) and comfortable bedding can help you feel even more ready for sleep. - Avoid alcohol at night – Research shows that [alcohol negatively impacts sleep](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31128400/)20. Therefore, avoid consuming alcohol at night if you’re having sleep issues. - Stop drinking caffeine in the afternoon – You should have your last cup of coffee at least [six hours](https://www.houstonmethodist.org/blog/articles/2021/oct/caffeine-sleep-how-long-does-caffeine-keep-you-awake/)21 before you plan to go to bed since caffeine can stay in your system for up to six hours. - Avoid large meals at night – Eating a big meal late at night could negatively impact your sleep, possibly causing discomfort or indigestion. Research shows that eating [three hours](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7215804/)22 or more before bed is ideal. - Add in regular exercise – Regular exercise [has been proven](https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/exercising-for-better-sleep)23 to help you fall asleep more quickly and improve overall sleep quality. - Limit afternoon naps – Afternoon naps can impact your ability to fall asleep at night. If you do need to take a nap, limit it to [10 to 20 minutes](https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/napping/art-20048319)24 so it won’t negatively impact your sleep that night. - Try magnesium instead – Certain types of [magnesium supplements](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/best-magnesium-for-sleep/) may help with sleep. Just like with melatonin, speak with your healthcare provider before introducing any to your daily routine. Learn more:** [Magnesium vs. Melatonin](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/magnesium-vs-melatonin/) ## Frequently Asked Questions
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