🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 13 (from laksa170)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa013.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/","crawl_time":1775116286,"first_indexed_time":1701482672,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,singlecare!www,\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/ s443","src_root_hash":"13591868619915948613","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Paxlovid side effects and how to avoid them","meta_descriptions":["COVID-19 rebound and a bad taste in the mouth, are common Paxlovid side effects. Learn how long side effects of Paxlovid last and how to avoid them."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Key takeaways\nPaxlovid is an FDA-authorized antiviral medication for treating mild-to-moderate COVID-19, designed to reduce viral load by preventing virus reproduction and maintaining effective drug levels in the bloodstream.\nCommon side effects of Paxlovid include taste disturbances, diarrhea, and less frequently, severe allergic reactions, liver problems, and COVID-19 symptom rebound.\nPaxlovid interacts significantly with many other medications, potentially causing serious or life-threatening issues, necessitating careful management of drug combinations.\nWhile most side effects of Paxlovid are mild and resolve after treatment, the medication requires careful prescription and adherence to safety measures, especially regarding dosing and potential drug interactions.\nIn this article:\nCommon side effects of Paxlovid\nSerious side effects of Paxlovid\nHow soon do Paxlovid side effects start?\nHow long do Paxlovid side effects last?\nWhat are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?\nPaxlovid interactions\nSafety measures while using Paxlovid\nHow to avoid Paxlovid side effects\nHow to treat side effects of Paxlovid\nBottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?\nIn this article\nCommon side effects of Paxlovid\nSerious side effects of Paxlovid\nHow soon do Paxlovid side effects start?\nHow long do Paxlovid side effects last?\nWhat are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?\nPaxlovid interactions\nSafety measures while using Paxlovid\nHow to avoid Paxlovid side effects\nHow to treat side effects of Paxlovid\nBottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?\nPaxlovid\n(nirmatrelvir-ritonavir) is a prescription medication that has been given an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat COVID-19. Paxlovid is an antiviral two-drug treatment that works by\nreducing the viral load\nin the body. The first drug in the treatment, nirmatrelvir, prevents the SARS-COV-2 virus from reproducing. The second drug,\nritonavir\n, is a\nprotease inhibitor\nthat prevents the liver from breaking down nirmatrelvir. This keeps nirmatrelvir at high enough levels in the bloodstream to effectively suppress the coronavirus infection. People prescribed Paxlovid will take two 150 mg nirmatrelvir tablets and one 100 mg ritonavir tablet twice per day for five days. Side effects are relatively minimal, but there are serious drug interactions that can cause severe and life-threatening problems.\nCommon side effects of Paxlovid\nIn clinical trials\n, the most common side effects reported were taste disturbances or bad taste (about a 6% incidence) and diarrhea (about 1%). The complete list of side effects includes:\nAlterations to the sense of taste (bad taste or metallic taste)\nDiarrhea\nHeadache\nAbdominal pain\nNausea\nVomiting\nFeeling sick (malaise)\nMuscle aches\nHigh blood pressure (\nhypertension\n)\nSerious side effects of Paxlovid\nPossible serious side effects of Paxlovid include:\nSevere allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis\nSevere skin reactions\nLiver problems\nPaxlovid and COVID-19 rebound\nSome people who have been treated with Paxlovid experience a relapse of COVID-19 symptoms, a phenomenon called Paxlovid rebound.\nAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\n, some cases of Paxlovid rebound involve a return of symptoms without testing positive, and some cases involve a return of symptoms with a positive COVID-19 test. Pfizer’s clinical trials determined that 1% to 2% of people treated with Paxlovid had COVID-19 rebound. The median time from the end of Paxlovid treatment to rebound symptoms was nine days. \nPaxlovid and kidney problems\nPaxlovid FDA-prescribing information\nstates that a lower dose may be needed if kidney disease is present. Paxlovid\nisn’t recommended\nfor people with serious kidney disease or those who are on dialysis. \nPaxlovid and bad taste in the mouth (Paxlovid mouth)\nA foul taste in the mouth is the most commonly reported adverse effect of Paxlovid. Although clinical trials found that 5% to 6% of trial participants complained of taste disturbance (dysgeusia), a\nsubsequent study\nfound the incidence to be over 17%. Whatever the incidence is, it’s common enough that it’s been given a name: Paxlovid mouth. Some people report taste disturbance within an hour of taking the first dose. More research is needed to identify the cause, but\nthe bad taste will go away when treatment is discontinued\n.\nHow soon do Paxlovid side effects start?\nPeople may notice taste changes within hours of taking the first dose of Paxlovid. Other side effects are minor and could occur at any time during the five-day treatment regimen.\nHow long do Paxlovid side effects last?\nMost Paxlovid side effects will pass when the five-day treatment period ends. Liver problems or allergic reactions may take several days or weeks to resolve.\nWhat are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?\nAs of this date, there are no long-term side effects associated with Paxlovid. However, Paxlovid has only recently gone through clinical trials and is currently FDA-approved because the COVID-19 pandemic is considered a public health emergency. Healthcare providers may discover other adverse effects in the future, including long-term side effects. \nPaxlovid interactions\nPaxlovid has a boxed warning that highlights significant drug-drug interactions. \nThe liver has several enzymes and mechanisms for breaking down drugs. The ritonavir component of Paxlovid interferes with several of them. As a result, drugs broken down through these mechanisms will build up in the body, significantly raising the risk for adverse effects. For this reason, Paxlovid cannot be taken with any medication that would cause serious or life-threatening problems due to high drug concentrations caused by an interaction. These include:\nStatins\n \nMany\nantiarrhythmics\nMigraine\nmedications classified as ergot drugs, as well as Relpax (eletriptan) and\nUbrelvy\nMedications used to treat\nbenign prostatic hyperplasia\n(BPH), such as\nUroxatral\n(alfuzosin) and\nRapaflo\n(silodosin)\nThe\nantipsychotic medications\npimozide\nand\nLatuda\n(lurasidone)\nThe pulmonary hypertension drug\nRevatio\n(\nsildenafil citrate\n), as well as the\nerectile dysfunction\nversion of sildenafil,\nViagra\nThe\nbenzodiazepines\ntriazolam\nand\nmidazolam\nThe chest pain (angina) medication Ranexa\n(ranolazine)\nThe gout medications Colcrys and Mitigare\n(colchicine)\nThe blood pressure medication\neplerenone\nThe heart failure medication\nCorlanor\n(ivabradine)\nThe lupus nephritis medication Lupkynis\nThe cholesterol medication Juxtapid\nThe chronic kidney disease medication\nKerendia\nThe medication used to treat opioid-induced constipation,\nMovantik\nThe hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) treatment Addyi\n(flibanserin)\nThe treatment for low sodium (hyponatremia),\ntolvaptan\nPaxlovid should not be taken with any drugs that speed up the mechanisms that break down nirmatrelvir, as those drugs will significantly reduce Paxlovid’s ability to fight the virus that causes COVID-19. These drugs include:\nMany types of\nanticonvulsants\nThe\ntuberculosis\ndrugs Rifadin (rifampin) and\nPriftin\n(rifapentine)\nThe\ncystic fibrosis\nmedication\nOrkambi\nThe anticancer drug\nErleada\nThe herbal supplement\nSt. John’s wort\nThe FDA also warns that Paxlovid interferes with the effectiveness of hormonal birth control, so women are urged to use alternative contraception when taking Paxlovid.\nSafety measures while using Paxlovid\nBecause of its emergency authorization, Paxlovid is only prescribed to adults and children 12 years and older with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of developing severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. The safety of Paxlovid is fairly well-established, but more safety data may become available as more people take the drug.\nPrecautions\nPaxlovid cannot be used by anyone who has had a severe hypersensitivity reaction to nirmatrelvir or ritonavir. \nSeveral medical conditions may require dosage restrictions. People with moderate kidney disease may need to take a reduced dose. People with severe kidney disease may not be able to take the drug at all. Those with liver disorders can take the drug if liver dysfunction is mild or moderate, but Paxlovid should be avoided in people with severe liver dysfunction. \nRitonavir is used to treat HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Giving Paxlovid to someone with both COVID-19 and HIV can increase the risk of developing resistance to the protease inhibitor drug class to treat HIV. Therefore, it is very important that anyone with HIV speaks to their infectious disease specialist before taking Paxlovid.\nChildren\nPaxlovid has FDA approval for use in children as young as 12 years old who weigh at least 88 pounds. As with adults, children are only prescribed Paxlovid if they have a high risk of developing severe COVID-19.\nPregnancy\nBecause Paxlovid is an emergency-approved drug that is still early in its formal approval process, there is limited information on the safety of taking it while pregnant. However, prior studies of its individual components, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, show that it is\nconsidered safe to take during pregnancy\n.\nBreastfeeding\nThere is a lack of research on the effects of Paxlovid on lactation and nursing. Women who are breastfeeding should ask for medical advice about the risks and benefits of taking Paxlovid. \nDependence\nPaxlovid does not cause dependency. There are no known withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.\nOverdose\nThere is a lack of information about the consequences or symptoms of a Paxlovid overdose. If too much Paxlovid is taken, call the prescribing healthcare provider or get emergency medical care. \nRecalls\nPaxlovid has not been recalled for any reason. \nAs a prescription medication, Paxlovid can be risky to take. The risks of side effects can be reduced by following some fundamental rules:\n1. Tell the prescriber about all medical conditions\nThe prescribing healthcare provider needs to know about all past and present medical conditions—particularly kidney problems, liver problems, hepatitis, or an HIV infection.\n2. Tell the prescriber and pharmacist about all drugs and supplements you’re taking\nThe riskiest aspect of taking Paxlovid involves drug interactions. Give your prescriber or pharmacist a complete list of all prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements you’re taking. A healthcare professional can tell you which of those drugs are unsafe to take with Paxlovid.\n3. Take Paxlovid as instructed\nPaxlovid is a complicated medicine to take, requiring three pills to be taken for each dose in order for it to be effective. Never take an extra dose or tablet to make up for a missed dose. \nHow to treat side effects of Paxlovid\nMost Paxlovid side effects are minimal. A few can be more problematic. Here’s how to handle some of the most unpleasant or serious side effects of Paxlovid:\nBad taste\n: Getting a persistent, bad taste in the mouth is among the least pleasant side effects a drug can have. Fortunately, an unpleasant taste in the mouth is not a health threat unless someone stops eating or drinking. Although there’s little to do about it, a few things may help. Don’t eat foods with a bitter taste. Don’t put metal in your mouth; use plastic utensils instead. Brushing your teeth or eating candies may also help.\nLiver problems\n: Paxlovid can injure the liver. If you notice symptoms of liver dysfunction, such as pale stools, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes or skin), dark-colored urine, upper abdominal pain, itchy skin, or loss of appetite, immediately contact a healthcare provider. You may need to stop taking the drug.\nCOVID-19 rebound\n: If COVID-19 symptoms return in the days or weeks following Paxlovid treatment, begin isolation at home just as you would with a new infection. Many people with Paxlovid rebound get over their symptoms quickly. In that case, isolation can end five days after the fever recedes. People with Paxlovid rebound do not need further treatment with the drug.\nHypersensitivity reactions\n: Immediately stop taking Paxlovid and get immediate medical help if you notice symptoms of hypersensitivity, such as a skin rash, hives, blisters, peeling skin, trouble breathing, facial swelling, difficulty swallowing, or tightness in the throat. These are all signs of a potentially severe allergic reaction or drug reaction.\nBottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?\nAt this time, Paxlovid is only used in people infected with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at risk of developing severe and potentially life-threatening COVID-19. That means the risks of Paxlovid must be weighed against the risk of hospitalization or death. Paxlovid has relatively few possible side effects. Most side effects are mild and not commonly experienced. The most significant warnings about taking Paxlovid are in regard to its potentially severe or fatal drug interactions. ","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#primary)\n\n[![The Checkup logo – Go to blog](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/the_checkup_pink.svg)](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/)   [![SingleCare logo – Go to homepage](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/by_singlecare.svg)](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/)    [![Search icon](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/search-icon.svg)](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/)\n\n[![The Checkup logo – Go to blog](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/the-checkup-logo-widescreen.png)](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/)   [![SingleCare logo – Go to homepage](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/by-singlecare-logo-widescreen.png)](https:\/\/singlecare.com\/)\n\n[![Search icon](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/search-icon-grey.svg) Search for articles or Rx savings](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/)\n\n[![Close icon](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/close-icon.svg)](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/)\n\nSearch for a topic or drug\n\n- [Health Education](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/health-education\/)\n- [Drug Info](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/drug-info\/)\n- [Wellness](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wellness\/)\n- [Browse prescriptions](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/browse-prescriptions)\n- [More](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/)\n  - [Drug vs. Drug](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/drug-vs-drug\/)\n  - [Company](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/company\/)\n  - [Pets](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/pets\/)\n  - [Community](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/community\/)\n  - [News](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/news\/)\n  - [The Checkout](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/the-checkout\/)\n  - [Health conditions](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions-treatments)\n  - [SingleCare discount cards](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription-discount-card)\n  - [Medicare](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/medicare)\n\n- [Health Education](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/health-education\/)\n- [Drug Info](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/drug-info\/)\n- [Wellness](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wellness\/)\n- [Browse prescriptions](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/browse-prescriptions)\n- [More](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/)\n  - [Drug vs. Drug](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/drug-vs-drug\/)\n  - [Company](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/company\/)\n  - [Pets](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/pets\/)\n  - [Community](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/community\/)\n  - [News](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/news\/)\n  - [The Checkout](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/the-checkout\/)\n  - [Health conditions](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions-treatments)\n  - [SingleCare discount cards](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription-discount-card)\n  - [Medicare](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/medicare)\n\n[Drug Info](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/drug-info\/)\n\n# Paxlovid side effects and how to avoid them\nPaxlovid side effects include COVID-19 rebound and a bad taste in the mouth. Interactions with other drugs could cause serious or life-threatening problems.\n\n![SingleCare logo](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/SingleCare--150x150.jpeg)\n\nBy [SingleCare Team](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/author\/singlecare-team\/ \"Posts by SingleCare Team\") \\|  Dec. 1, 2023   Medically reviewed by   [Josephine Bawab, Pharm.D.](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/author\/josephine-bawab-pharm-d)\n\n![A bottle of pills spilled over: Paxlovid side effects](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/paxlovid-side-effects-1884x1060.png)\n\n## Key takeaways\n- Paxlovid is an FDA-authorized antiviral medication for treating mild-to-moderate COVID-19, designed to reduce viral load by preventing virus reproduction and maintaining effective drug levels in the bloodstream.\n- Common side effects of Paxlovid include taste disturbances, diarrhea, and less frequently, severe allergic reactions, liver problems, and COVID-19 symptom rebound.\n- Paxlovid interacts significantly with many other medications, potentially causing serious or life-threatening issues, necessitating careful management of drug combinations.\n- While most side effects of Paxlovid are mild and resolve after treatment, the medication requires careful prescription and adherence to safety measures, especially regarding dosing and potential drug interactions.\n\nIn this article:\n\n- [Common side effects of Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#common-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [Serious side effects of Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#serious-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [How soon do Paxlovid side effects start?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-soon-do-paxlovid-side-effects-start)\n- [How long do Paxlovid side effects last?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-long-do-paxlovid-side-effects-last)\n- [What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#what-are-the-long-term-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [Paxlovid interactions](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#paxlovid-interactions)\n- [Safety measures while using Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#safety-measures-while-using-paxlovid)\n- [How to avoid Paxlovid side effects](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-to-avoid-paxlovid-side-effects)\n- [How to treat side effects of Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-to-treat-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#bottom-line-is-paxlovid-safe)\n\n![](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/union.svg)\n\nIn this article\n\n![](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/dropDownArrow.svg)\n\n- [Common side effects of Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#common-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [Serious side effects of Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#serious-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [How soon do Paxlovid side effects start?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-soon-do-paxlovid-side-effects-start)\n- [How long do Paxlovid side effects last?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-long-do-paxlovid-side-effects-last)\n- [What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#what-are-the-long-term-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [Paxlovid interactions](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#paxlovid-interactions)\n- [Safety measures while using Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#safety-measures-while-using-paxlovid)\n- [How to avoid Paxlovid side effects](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-to-avoid-paxlovid-side-effects)\n- [How to treat side effects of Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-to-treat-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#bottom-line-is-paxlovid-safe)\n\n[Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/paxlovid-300-100) (nirmatrelvir-ritonavir) is a prescription medication that has been given an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat COVID-19. Paxlovid is an antiviral two-drug treatment that works by [reducing the viral load](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8933659\/) in the body. The first drug in the treatment, nirmatrelvir, prevents the SARS-COV-2 virus from reproducing. The second drug, [ritonavir](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/ritonavir), is a [protease inhibitor](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/protease-inhibitors) that prevents the liver from breaking down nirmatrelvir. This keeps nirmatrelvir at high enough levels in the bloodstream to effectively suppress the coronavirus infection. People prescribed Paxlovid will take two 150 mg nirmatrelvir tablets and one 100 mg ritonavir tablet twice per day for five days. Side effects are relatively minimal, but there are serious drug interactions that can cause severe and life-threatening problems.\n\n## Common side effects of Paxlovid\n[In clinical trials](https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/drugInfo.cfm?setid=7bdddfba-bd31-44cb-ba9e-23a4e17a4691), the most common side effects reported were taste disturbances or bad taste (about a 6% incidence) and diarrhea (about 1%). The complete list of side effects includes:\n\n- Alterations to the sense of taste (bad taste or metallic taste)\n- Diarrhea\n- Headache\n- Abdominal pain\n- Nausea\n- Vomiting\n- Feeling sick (malaise)\n- Muscle aches\n- High blood pressure ([hypertension](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/hypertension-treatments-and-medications))\n## Serious side effects of Paxlovid\nPossible serious side effects of Paxlovid include:\n\n- Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis\n- Severe skin reactions\n- [Liver problems](https:\/\/www.paxlovid.com\/faq)\n### Paxlovid and COVID-19 rebound\nSome people who have been treated with Paxlovid experience a relapse of COVID-19 symptoms, a phenomenon called Paxlovid rebound. [According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https:\/\/emergency.cdc.gov\/han\/2022\/pdf\/CDC_HAN_467.pdf), some cases of Paxlovid rebound involve a return of symptoms without testing positive, and some cases involve a return of symptoms with a positive COVID-19 test. Pfizer’s clinical trials determined that 1% to 2% of people treated with Paxlovid had COVID-19 rebound. The median time from the end of Paxlovid treatment to rebound symptoms was nine days.\n\n### Paxlovid and kidney problems\n[Paxlovid FDA-prescribing information](https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2023\/217188s000lbl.pdf) states that a lower dose may be needed if kidney disease is present. Paxlovid [isn’t recommended](https:\/\/www.yalemedicine.org\/news\/13-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19) for people with serious kidney disease or those who are on dialysis.\n\n### Paxlovid and bad taste in the mouth (Paxlovid mouth)\nA foul taste in the mouth is the most commonly reported adverse effect of Paxlovid. Although clinical trials found that 5% to 6% of trial participants complained of taste disturbance (dysgeusia), a [subsequent study](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36821807\/) found the incidence to be over 17%. Whatever the incidence is, it’s common enough that it’s been given a name: Paxlovid mouth. Some people report taste disturbance within an hour of taking the first dose. More research is needed to identify the cause, but [the bad taste will go away when treatment is discontinued](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/paxlovid-mouth\/).\n\n## How soon do Paxlovid side effects start?\nPeople may notice taste changes within hours of taking the first dose of Paxlovid. Other side effects are minor and could occur at any time during the five-day treatment regimen.\n\n## How long do Paxlovid side effects last?\nMost Paxlovid side effects will pass when the five-day treatment period ends. Liver problems or allergic reactions may take several days or weeks to resolve.\n\n## What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?\nAs of this date, there are no long-term side effects associated with Paxlovid. However, Paxlovid has only recently gone through clinical trials and is currently FDA-approved because the COVID-19 pandemic is considered a public health emergency. Healthcare providers may discover other adverse effects in the future, including long-term side effects.\n\n## Paxlovid interactions\nPaxlovid has a boxed warning that highlights significant drug-drug interactions.\n\nThe liver has several enzymes and mechanisms for breaking down drugs. The ritonavir component of Paxlovid interferes with several of them. As a result, drugs broken down through these mechanisms will build up in the body, significantly raising the risk for adverse effects. For this reason, Paxlovid cannot be taken with any medication that would cause serious or life-threatening problems due to high drug concentrations caused by an interaction. These include:\n\n- [Statins](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/statins)\n- Many [antiarrhythmics](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/antiarrhythmics)\n- [Migraine](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/migraine-treatment-and-medications) medications classified as ergot drugs, as well as Relpax (eletriptan) and [Ubrelvy](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/ubrelvy)\n- Medications used to treat [benign prostatic hyperplasia](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/bph-treatment-and-medications) (BPH), such as [Uroxatral](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/alfuzosin-hcl-er) (alfuzosin) and [Rapaflo](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/silodosin) (silodosin)\n- The [antipsychotic medications](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/antipsychotics) [pimozide](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/pimozide) and [Latuda](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/latuda) (lurasidone)\n- The pulmonary hypertension drug [Revatio](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/revatio) ([sildenafil citrate](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/sildenafil-citrate)), as well as the [erectile dysfunction](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/erectile-dysfunction-treatment-and-medications) version of sildenafil, [Viagra](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/viagra)\n- The [benzodiazepines](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/benzodiazepines) [triazolam](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/triazolam) and [midazolam](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/midazolam)\n- The chest pain (angina) medication Ranexa [(ranolazine)](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/ranolazine-er)\n- The gout medications Colcrys and Mitigare [(colchicine)](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/colchicine)\n- The blood pressure medication [eplerenone](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/eplerenone)\n- The heart failure medication [Corlanor](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/corlanor) (ivabradine)\n- The lupus nephritis medication Lupkynis\n- The cholesterol medication Juxtapid\n- The chronic kidney disease medication [Kerendia](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/kerendia)\n- The medication used to treat opioid-induced constipation, [Movantik](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/movantik)\n- The hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) treatment Addyi [(flibanserin)](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/flibanserin)\n- The treatment for low sodium (hyponatremia), [tolvaptan](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/tolvaptan)\n\nPaxlovid should not be taken with any drugs that speed up the mechanisms that break down nirmatrelvir, as those drugs will significantly reduce Paxlovid’s ability to fight the virus that causes COVID-19. These drugs include:\n\n- Many types of [anticonvulsants](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/anticonvulsants)\n- The [tuberculosis](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/tuberculosis-treatment-and-medications) drugs Rifadin (rifampin) and [Priftin](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/priftin\/what-is) (rifapentine)\n- The [cystic fibrosis](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/cystic-fibrosis-treatment-and-medications) medication [Orkambi](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/orkambi\/what-is)\n- The anticancer drug [Erleada](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/erleada\/what-is)\n- The herbal supplement [St. John’s wort](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/st-johns-wort\/)\n\nThe FDA also warns that Paxlovid interferes with the effectiveness of hormonal birth control, so women are urged to use alternative contraception when taking Paxlovid.\n\n## Safety measures while using Paxlovid\nBecause of its emergency authorization, Paxlovid is only prescribed to adults and children 12 years and older with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of developing severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. The safety of Paxlovid is fairly well-established, but more safety data may become available as more people take the drug.\n\n### Precautions\nPaxlovid cannot be used by anyone who has had a severe hypersensitivity reaction to nirmatrelvir or ritonavir.\n\nSeveral medical conditions may require dosage restrictions. People with moderate kidney disease may need to take a reduced dose. People with severe kidney disease may not be able to take the drug at all. Those with liver disorders can take the drug if liver dysfunction is mild or moderate, but Paxlovid should be avoided in people with severe liver dysfunction.\n\nRitonavir is used to treat HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Giving Paxlovid to someone with both COVID-19 and HIV can increase the risk of developing resistance to the protease inhibitor drug class to treat HIV. Therefore, it is very important that anyone with HIV speaks to their infectious disease specialist before taking Paxlovid.\n\n### Children\nPaxlovid has FDA approval for use in children as young as 12 years old who weigh at least 88 pounds. As with adults, children are only prescribed Paxlovid if they have a high risk of developing severe COVID-19.\n\n### Pregnancy\nBecause Paxlovid is an emergency-approved drug that is still early in its formal approval process, there is limited information on the safety of taking it while pregnant. However, prior studies of its individual components, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, show that it is [considered safe to take during pregnancy](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9866309\/).\n\n### Breastfeeding\nThere is a lack of research on the effects of Paxlovid on lactation and nursing. Women who are breastfeeding should ask for medical advice about the risks and benefits of taking Paxlovid.\n\n### Dependence\nPaxlovid does not cause dependency. There are no known withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.\n\n### Overdose\nThere is a lack of information about the consequences or symptoms of a Paxlovid overdose. If too much Paxlovid is taken, call the prescribing healthcare provider or get emergency medical care.\n\n### Recalls\nPaxlovid has not been recalled for any reason.\n\n## How to avoid Paxlovid side effects\nAs a prescription medication, Paxlovid can be risky to take. The risks of side effects can be reduced by following some fundamental rules:\n\n### 1\\. Tell the prescriber about all medical conditions\nThe prescribing healthcare provider needs to know about all past and present medical conditions—particularly kidney problems, liver problems, hepatitis, or an HIV infection.\n\n### 2\\. Tell the prescriber and pharmacist about all drugs and supplements you’re taking\nThe riskiest aspect of taking Paxlovid involves drug interactions. Give your prescriber or pharmacist a complete list of all prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements you’re taking. A healthcare professional can tell you which of those drugs are unsafe to take with Paxlovid.\n\n### 3\\. Take Paxlovid as instructed\nPaxlovid is a complicated medicine to take, requiring three pills to be taken for each dose in order for it to be effective. Never take an extra dose or tablet to make up for a missed dose.\n\n## How to treat side effects of Paxlovid\nMost Paxlovid side effects are minimal. A few can be more problematic. Here’s how to handle some of the most unpleasant or serious side effects of Paxlovid:\n\n- **Bad taste**: Getting a persistent, bad taste in the mouth is among the least pleasant side effects a drug can have. Fortunately, an unpleasant taste in the mouth is not a health threat unless someone stops eating or drinking. Although there’s little to do about it, a few things may help. Don’t eat foods with a bitter taste. Don’t put metal in your mouth; use plastic utensils instead. Brushing your teeth or eating candies may also help.\n- **Liver problems**: Paxlovid can injure the liver. If you notice symptoms of liver dysfunction, such as pale stools, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes or skin), dark-colored urine, upper abdominal pain, itchy skin, or loss of appetite, immediately contact a healthcare provider. You may need to stop taking the drug.\n- **COVID-19 rebound**: If COVID-19 symptoms return in the days or weeks following Paxlovid treatment, begin isolation at home just as you would with a new infection. Many people with Paxlovid rebound get over their symptoms quickly. In that case, isolation can end five days after the fever recedes. People with Paxlovid rebound do not need further treatment with the drug.\n- **Hypersensitivity reactions**: Immediately stop taking Paxlovid and get immediate medical help if you notice symptoms of hypersensitivity, such as a skin rash, hives, blisters, peeling skin, trouble breathing, facial swelling, difficulty swallowing, or tightness in the throat. These are all signs of a potentially severe allergic reaction or drug reaction.\n## Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?\nAt this time, Paxlovid is only used in people infected with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at risk of developing severe and potentially life-threatening COVID-19. That means the risks of Paxlovid must be weighed against the risk of hospitalization or death. Paxlovid has relatively few possible side effects. Most side effects are mild and not commonly experienced. The most significant warnings about taking Paxlovid are in regard to its potentially severe or fatal drug interactions.\n\n## Sources\n- [Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir: First approval](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8933659\/), Drugs (2022)\n- [Label: Paxlovid – nirmatrelvir and ritonavir kit](https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/drugInfo.cfm?setid=7bdddfba-bd31-44cb-ba9e-23a4e17a4691), DailyMed (2023)\n- [Frequently asked questions about Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.paxlovid.com\/faq), Paxlovid.com (2023)\n- [COVID-19 rebound after Paxlovid treatment](https:\/\/emergency.cdc.gov\/han\/2022\/pdf\/CDC_HAN_467.pdf), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022)\n- [Highlights of prescribing information](https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2023\/217188s000lbl.pdf), Food and Drug Administration (2023)\n- [Postmarketing reporting of Paxlovid-related dysgeusia: A real-world pharmacovigilance study](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36821807\/), Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (2023)\n- [Paxlovid mouth: What it is and how to find relief](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/paxlovid-mouth\/), Cleveland Clinic (2023)\n\n[Share on Facebook](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/ \"Share on Facebook\")\n\n[Share on Twitter](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/ \"Share on Twitter\")\n\n[Share on LinkedIn](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/ \"Share on LinkedIn\")\n\n[Copy URL to clipboard URL copied to clipboard](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/ \"Copy link to clipboard\")\n\n[Sharing options](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/ \"Share this article\")\n\n[Share on Facebook](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/ \"Share on Facebook\")\n\n[Share on Twitter](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/ \"Share on Twitter\")\n\n[Share on LinkedIn](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/ \"Share on LinkedIn\")\n\n[Copy URL to clipboard URL copied to clipboard](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/ \"Copy link to clipboard\")\n\n## Top Reads in Drug Info\nDrug Info\n\n[![Man taking a sip of coffee - Can you drink coffee while taking Xarelto?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog_100925_Can_you_drink_on_Xarelto-copy-600x338.webp) ![Man taking a sip of coffee - Can you drink coffee while taking Xarelto?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog_100925_Can_you_drink_on_Xarelto-copy-176x134.webp) Coffee and Xarelto](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/coffee-and-xarelto\/)\n\nDrug Info\n\n[![image of a hand holding a Zepbound syringe - how fast does Zepbound work?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog_100725_how_fast_does_zepbound_work-copy-600x338.webp) ![image of a hand holding a Zepbound syringe - how fast does Zepbound work?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog_100725_how_fast_does_zepbound_work-copy-176x134.webp) How long does Zepbound take to work?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/how-fast-does-zepbound-work\/)\n\nDrug Info\n\n[![A person with chips, wine, and a burger in front of them \\| foods to avoid while taking Entresto](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog_100625_TK_Foods_to_avoid_while_taking_Entresto-copy-600x338.webp) ![A person with chips, wine, and a burger in front of them \\| foods to avoid while taking Entresto](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog_100625_TK_Foods_to_avoid_while_taking_Entresto-copy-176x134.webp) Entresto food interactions](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/foods-to-avoid-while-taking-entresto\/)\n\nGot a prescription? Get a coupon.\n\nType your drug name\n\n## More articles on:\n[Medication side effects](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/tag\/medication-side-effects\/)\n\n## Also Read\n[![A person holding a GLP-1 pen \\| Can Mounjaro treat sleep apnea?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Blog_032326_Can_Mounjaro_treat_sleep_apnea-copy-600x338.webp) ![A person holding a GLP-1 pen \\| Can Mounjaro treat sleep apnea?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Blog_032326_Can_Mounjaro_treat_sleep_apnea-copy-176x134.webp) Drug Info Mounjaro for sleep apnea](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/mounjaro-for-sleep-apnea\/)\n\n[![A comb and a brush: Does Mounjaro cause hair loss?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/does-mounjaro-cause-hair-loss-600x338.webp) ![A comb and a brush: Does Mounjaro cause hair loss?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/does-mounjaro-cause-hair-loss-176x134.webp) Drug Info Does Mounjaro cause hair loss?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/does-mounjaro-cause-hair-loss\/)\n\n[![A pillow with a pill on it: Does amoxicillin make you tired?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/does-amoxicillin-make-you-tired-600x338.webp) ![A pillow with a pill on it: Does amoxicillin make you tired?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/does-amoxicillin-make-you-tired-176x134.webp) Drug Info Does amoxicillin make you tired?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/does-amoxicillin-make-you-tired\/)\n\n[![person holding their stomach - does amoxicillin cause constipation](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Blog_031026_Does_amoxicillin_cause_constipation-copy-600x338.webp) ![person holding their stomach - does amoxicillin cause 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It can be used whether you have insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, or none of the above, but it cannot be combined with insurance.\n\nSingleCare provides transparent drug pricing, so you can compare discounts at pharmacies near you. Browse singlecare.com to find drug discounts, helpful information about your prescription, and resources to help you make informed health decisions.\n\n**Prescription savings vary by prescription and by pharmacy, and may reach up to 80% off cash price.** This is a medical discount plan. This is NOT insurance. This program offers you the opportunity to locate providers of various types of medical services who will offer their services to you at discounted rates. The range of discounts for medical or ancillary services provided under the plan will vary depending on the type of provider and service received. You are fully responsible for paying for all health care services but will be entitled to receive a discount from those health care providers in accordance with the specific pre-negotiated discounted fee schedule. This program does not guarantee the quality of the services or procedures offered by the providers. Except for prescription drugs which you will pay directly to the pharmacy at the time of purchase, all other services received through a program provider will be charged to the credit card on file in your member account. The charge will include an administrative fee for use of the program. Towers Administrators LLC is the licensed discount medical plan organization with its administrative office located at 4510 Cox Road, Suite 111, Glen Allen, VA 23060. SingleCare Services, LLC is the marketer of the discount medical plan organization including its website, [singlecare.com](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/) , with its corporate office located at 99 High Street, Suite 2800, Boston, MA 02110. For additional information, including an up-to-date list of providers, or assistance with any issue related to program membership, please contact member support any time at [singlecare.com](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/), or by calling toll-free 844-234-3057, 24 hours, 7 days a week (except major holidays). Pharmacy names, logos, brands, and other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.\n\nThis article is not medical advice. It is intended for general informational purposes and is not meant to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. If you think you may have a medical emergency, immediately call your physician or dial 911.\n\n[Prescription FAQs](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/questions)\n\n![SingleCare logo](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/content\/images\/header\/single-care-logo.png)\n\n- [![Pharmacy verified websites you can trust](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/content\/images\/footer\/safe-pharmacy-logo.jpg)](https:\/\/www.safe.pharmacy\/buying-safely\/)\n- [![Better Business Bureau Accredited Corporation](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/content\/images\/footer\/BBB-logo.jpg)](https:\/\/www.bbb.org\/us\/ma\/boston\/profile\/health-savings-administrators\/singlecare-services-llc-0021-493434)\n- [![Mental Health America Logo](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/footer\/logos-partner-mha.svg)](https:\/\/www.mhanational.org\/about-us)\n- [![American Heart Association Logo](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/footer\/logos-partner-heart.svg)](https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/about-us)\n\n[Español](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/es\/recursos) [Terms & conditions](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/terms-and-conditions) [Your privacy rights](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/privacy-policy) [Your privacy choices](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/) [WA consumer health privacy policy](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/washington-consumer-health-privacy-policy)\n\n© 2026 [SingleCare](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/) Administrators. All rights reserved\n\n[![Single Care logo](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/content\/images\/header\/single-care-logo1.svg)](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/)","attrs_readable_markdown":"## Key takeaways\n- Paxlovid is an FDA-authorized antiviral medication for treating mild-to-moderate COVID-19, designed to reduce viral load by preventing virus reproduction and maintaining effective drug levels in the bloodstream.\n- Common side effects of Paxlovid include taste disturbances, diarrhea, and less frequently, severe allergic reactions, liver problems, and COVID-19 symptom rebound.\n- Paxlovid interacts significantly with many other medications, potentially causing serious or life-threatening issues, necessitating careful management of drug combinations.\n- While most side effects of Paxlovid are mild and resolve after treatment, the medication requires careful prescription and adherence to safety measures, especially regarding dosing and potential drug interactions.\n\nIn this article:\n\n- [Common side effects of Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#common-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [Serious side effects of Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#serious-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [How soon do Paxlovid side effects start?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-soon-do-paxlovid-side-effects-start)\n- [How long do Paxlovid side effects last?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-long-do-paxlovid-side-effects-last)\n- [What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#what-are-the-long-term-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [Paxlovid interactions](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#paxlovid-interactions)\n- [Safety measures while using Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#safety-measures-while-using-paxlovid)\n- [How to avoid Paxlovid side effects](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-to-avoid-paxlovid-side-effects)\n- [How to treat side effects of Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-to-treat-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#bottom-line-is-paxlovid-safe)\n\n![](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/union.svg) In this article  ![](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/dropDownArrow.svg)\n\n- [Common side effects of Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#common-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [Serious side effects of Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#serious-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [How soon do Paxlovid side effects start?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-soon-do-paxlovid-side-effects-start)\n- [How long do Paxlovid side effects last?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-long-do-paxlovid-side-effects-last)\n- [What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#what-are-the-long-term-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [Paxlovid interactions](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#paxlovid-interactions)\n- [Safety measures while using Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#safety-measures-while-using-paxlovid)\n- [How to avoid Paxlovid side effects](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-to-avoid-paxlovid-side-effects)\n- [How to treat side effects of Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#how-to-treat-side-effects-of-paxlovid)\n- [Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/paxlovid-side-effects\/#bottom-line-is-paxlovid-safe)\n\n[Paxlovid](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/paxlovid-300-100) (nirmatrelvir-ritonavir) is a prescription medication that has been given an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat COVID-19. Paxlovid is an antiviral two-drug treatment that works by [reducing the viral load](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8933659\/) in the body. The first drug in the treatment, nirmatrelvir, prevents the SARS-COV-2 virus from reproducing. The second drug, [ritonavir](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/ritonavir), is a [protease inhibitor](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/protease-inhibitors) that prevents the liver from breaking down nirmatrelvir. This keeps nirmatrelvir at high enough levels in the bloodstream to effectively suppress the coronavirus infection. People prescribed Paxlovid will take two 150 mg nirmatrelvir tablets and one 100 mg ritonavir tablet twice per day for five days. Side effects are relatively minimal, but there are serious drug interactions that can cause severe and life-threatening problems.\n\n## Common side effects of Paxlovid\n[In clinical trials](https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/drugInfo.cfm?setid=7bdddfba-bd31-44cb-ba9e-23a4e17a4691), the most common side effects reported were taste disturbances or bad taste (about a 6% incidence) and diarrhea (about 1%). The complete list of side effects includes:\n\n- Alterations to the sense of taste (bad taste or metallic taste)\n- Diarrhea\n- Headache\n- Abdominal pain\n- Nausea\n- Vomiting\n- Feeling sick (malaise)\n- Muscle aches\n- High blood pressure ([hypertension](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/hypertension-treatments-and-medications))\n## Serious side effects of Paxlovid\nPossible serious side effects of Paxlovid include:\n\n- Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis\n- Severe skin reactions\n- [Liver problems](https:\/\/www.paxlovid.com\/faq)\n### Paxlovid and COVID-19 rebound\nSome people who have been treated with Paxlovid experience a relapse of COVID-19 symptoms, a phenomenon called Paxlovid rebound. [According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https:\/\/emergency.cdc.gov\/han\/2022\/pdf\/CDC_HAN_467.pdf), some cases of Paxlovid rebound involve a return of symptoms without testing positive, and some cases involve a return of symptoms with a positive COVID-19 test. Pfizer’s clinical trials determined that 1% to 2% of people treated with Paxlovid had COVID-19 rebound. The median time from the end of Paxlovid treatment to rebound symptoms was nine days.\n\n### Paxlovid and kidney problems\n[Paxlovid FDA-prescribing information](https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2023\/217188s000lbl.pdf) states that a lower dose may be needed if kidney disease is present. Paxlovid [isn’t recommended](https:\/\/www.yalemedicine.org\/news\/13-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19) for people with serious kidney disease or those who are on dialysis.\n\n### Paxlovid and bad taste in the mouth (Paxlovid mouth)\nA foul taste in the mouth is the most commonly reported adverse effect of Paxlovid. Although clinical trials found that 5% to 6% of trial participants complained of taste disturbance (dysgeusia), a [subsequent study](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36821807\/) found the incidence to be over 17%. Whatever the incidence is, it’s common enough that it’s been given a name: Paxlovid mouth. Some people report taste disturbance within an hour of taking the first dose. More research is needed to identify the cause, but [the bad taste will go away when treatment is discontinued](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/paxlovid-mouth\/).\n\n## How soon do Paxlovid side effects start?\nPeople may notice taste changes within hours of taking the first dose of Paxlovid. Other side effects are minor and could occur at any time during the five-day treatment regimen.\n\n## How long do Paxlovid side effects last?\nMost Paxlovid side effects will pass when the five-day treatment period ends. Liver problems or allergic reactions may take several days or weeks to resolve.\n\n## What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?\nAs of this date, there are no long-term side effects associated with Paxlovid. However, Paxlovid has only recently gone through clinical trials and is currently FDA-approved because the COVID-19 pandemic is considered a public health emergency. Healthcare providers may discover other adverse effects in the future, including long-term side effects.\n\n## Paxlovid interactions\nPaxlovid has a boxed warning that highlights significant drug-drug interactions.\n\nThe liver has several enzymes and mechanisms for breaking down drugs. The ritonavir component of Paxlovid interferes with several of them. As a result, drugs broken down through these mechanisms will build up in the body, significantly raising the risk for adverse effects. For this reason, Paxlovid cannot be taken with any medication that would cause serious or life-threatening problems due to high drug concentrations caused by an interaction. These include:\n\n- [Statins](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/statins)\n- Many [antiarrhythmics](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/antiarrhythmics)\n- [Migraine](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/migraine-treatment-and-medications) medications classified as ergot drugs, as well as Relpax (eletriptan) and [Ubrelvy](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/ubrelvy)\n- Medications used to treat [benign prostatic hyperplasia](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/bph-treatment-and-medications) (BPH), such as [Uroxatral](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/alfuzosin-hcl-er) (alfuzosin) and [Rapaflo](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/silodosin) (silodosin)\n- The [antipsychotic medications](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/antipsychotics) [pimozide](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/pimozide) and [Latuda](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/latuda) (lurasidone)\n- The pulmonary hypertension drug [Revatio](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/revatio) ([sildenafil citrate](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/sildenafil-citrate)), as well as the [erectile dysfunction](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/erectile-dysfunction-treatment-and-medications) version of sildenafil, [Viagra](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/viagra)\n- The [benzodiazepines](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/benzodiazepines) [triazolam](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/triazolam) and [midazolam](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/midazolam)\n- The chest pain (angina) medication Ranexa [(ranolazine)](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/ranolazine-er)\n- The gout medications Colcrys and Mitigare [(colchicine)](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/colchicine)\n- The blood pressure medication [eplerenone](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/eplerenone)\n- The heart failure medication [Corlanor](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/corlanor) (ivabradine)\n- The lupus nephritis medication Lupkynis\n- The cholesterol medication Juxtapid\n- The chronic kidney disease medication [Kerendia](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/kerendia)\n- The medication used to treat opioid-induced constipation, [Movantik](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/movantik)\n- The hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) treatment Addyi [(flibanserin)](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/flibanserin)\n- The treatment for low sodium (hyponatremia), [tolvaptan](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/tolvaptan)\n\nPaxlovid should not be taken with any drugs that speed up the mechanisms that break down nirmatrelvir, as those drugs will significantly reduce Paxlovid’s ability to fight the virus that causes COVID-19. These drugs include:\n\n- Many types of [anticonvulsants](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/anticonvulsants)\n- The [tuberculosis](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/tuberculosis-treatment-and-medications) drugs Rifadin (rifampin) and [Priftin](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/priftin\/what-is) (rifapentine)\n- The [cystic fibrosis](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/cystic-fibrosis-treatment-and-medications) medication [Orkambi](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/orkambi\/what-is)\n- The anticancer drug [Erleada](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/erleada\/what-is)\n- The herbal supplement [St. John’s wort](https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/st-johns-wort\/)\n\nThe FDA also warns that Paxlovid interferes with the effectiveness of hormonal birth control, so women are urged to use alternative contraception when taking Paxlovid.\n\n## Safety measures while using Paxlovid\nBecause of its emergency authorization, Paxlovid is only prescribed to adults and children 12 years and older with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of developing severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. The safety of Paxlovid is fairly well-established, but more safety data may become available as more people take the drug.\n\n### Precautions\nPaxlovid cannot be used by anyone who has had a severe hypersensitivity reaction to nirmatrelvir or ritonavir.\n\nSeveral medical conditions may require dosage restrictions. People with moderate kidney disease may need to take a reduced dose. People with severe kidney disease may not be able to take the drug at all. Those with liver disorders can take the drug if liver dysfunction is mild or moderate, but Paxlovid should be avoided in people with severe liver dysfunction.\n\nRitonavir is used to treat HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Giving Paxlovid to someone with both COVID-19 and HIV can increase the risk of developing resistance to the protease inhibitor drug class to treat HIV. Therefore, it is very important that anyone with HIV speaks to their infectious disease specialist before taking Paxlovid.\n\n### Children\nPaxlovid has FDA approval for use in children as young as 12 years old who weigh at least 88 pounds. As with adults, children are only prescribed Paxlovid if they have a high risk of developing severe COVID-19.\n\n### Pregnancy\nBecause Paxlovid is an emergency-approved drug that is still early in its formal approval process, there is limited information on the safety of taking it while pregnant. However, prior studies of its individual components, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, show that it is [considered safe to take during pregnancy](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9866309\/).\n\n### Breastfeeding\nThere is a lack of research on the effects of Paxlovid on lactation and nursing. Women who are breastfeeding should ask for medical advice about the risks and benefits of taking Paxlovid.\n\n### Dependence\nPaxlovid does not cause dependency. There are no known withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.\n\n### Overdose\nThere is a lack of information about the consequences or symptoms of a Paxlovid overdose. If too much Paxlovid is taken, call the prescribing healthcare provider or get emergency medical care.\n\n### Recalls\nPaxlovid has not been recalled for any reason.\n\nAs a prescription medication, Paxlovid can be risky to take. The risks of side effects can be reduced by following some fundamental rules:\n\n### 1\\. Tell the prescriber about all medical conditions\nThe prescribing healthcare provider needs to know about all past and present medical conditions—particularly kidney problems, liver problems, hepatitis, or an HIV infection.\n\n### 2\\. Tell the prescriber and pharmacist about all drugs and supplements you’re taking\nThe riskiest aspect of taking Paxlovid involves drug interactions. Give your prescriber or pharmacist a complete list of all prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements you’re taking. A healthcare professional can tell you which of those drugs are unsafe to take with Paxlovid.\n\n### 3\\. Take Paxlovid as instructed\nPaxlovid is a complicated medicine to take, requiring three pills to be taken for each dose in order for it to be effective. Never take an extra dose or tablet to make up for a missed dose.\n\n## How to treat side effects of Paxlovid\nMost Paxlovid side effects are minimal. A few can be more problematic. Here’s how to handle some of the most unpleasant or serious side effects of Paxlovid:\n\n- **Bad taste**: Getting a persistent, bad taste in the mouth is among the least pleasant side effects a drug can have. Fortunately, an unpleasant taste in the mouth is not a health threat unless someone stops eating or drinking. Although there’s little to do about it, a few things may help. Don’t eat foods with a bitter taste. Don’t put metal in your mouth; use plastic utensils instead. Brushing your teeth or eating candies may also help.\n- **Liver problems**: Paxlovid can injure the liver. If you notice symptoms of liver dysfunction, such as pale stools, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes or skin), dark-colored urine, upper abdominal pain, itchy skin, or loss of appetite, immediately contact a healthcare provider. You may need to stop taking the drug.\n- **COVID-19 rebound**: If COVID-19 symptoms return in the days or weeks following Paxlovid treatment, begin isolation at home just as you would with a new infection. Many people with Paxlovid rebound get over their symptoms quickly. In that case, isolation can end five days after the fever recedes. People with Paxlovid rebound do not need further treatment with the drug.\n- **Hypersensitivity reactions**: Immediately stop taking Paxlovid and get immediate medical help if you notice symptoms of hypersensitivity, such as a skin rash, hives, blisters, peeling skin, trouble breathing, facial swelling, difficulty swallowing, or tightness in the throat. These are all signs of a potentially severe allergic reaction or drug reaction.\n## Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?\nAt this time, Paxlovid is only used in people infected with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at risk of developing severe and potentially life-threatening COVID-19. That means the risks of Paxlovid must be weighed against the risk of hospitalization or death. Paxlovid has relatively few possible side effects. Most side effects are mild and not commonly experienced. The most significant warnings about taking Paxlovid are in regard to its potentially severe or fatal drug interactions.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Key takeaways Paxlovid is an FDA-authorized antiviral medication for treating mild-to-moderate COVID-19, designed to reduce viral load by preventing virus reproduction and maintaining effective drug levels in the bloodstream. Common side effects of Paxlovid include taste disturbances, diarrhea, and less frequently, severe allergic reactions, liver problems, and COVID-19 symptom rebound. Paxlovid interacts significantly with many other medications, potentially causing serious or life-threatening issues, necessitating careful management of drug combinations. While most side effects of Paxlovid are mild and resolve after treatment, the medication requires careful prescription and adherence to safety measures, especially regarding dosing and potential drug interactions. In this article: Common side effects of Paxlovid Serious side effects of Paxlovid How soon do Paxlovid side effects start? How long do Paxlovid side effects last? What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid? Paxlovid interactions Safety measures while using Paxlovid How to avoid Paxlovid side effects How to treat side effects of Paxlovid Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe? In this article Common side effects of Paxlovid Serious side effects of Paxlovid How soon do Paxlovid side effects start? How long do Paxlovid side effects last? What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid? Paxlovid interactions Safety measures while using Paxlovid How to avoid Paxlovid side effects How to treat side effects of Paxlovid Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe? Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir-ritonavir) is a prescription medication that has been given an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat COVID-19. Paxlovid is an antiviral two-drug treatment that works by reducing the viral load in the body. The first drug in the treatment, nirmatrelvir, prevents the SARS-COV-2 virus from reproducing. The second drug, ritonavir , is a protease inhibitor that prevents the liver from breaking down nirmatrelvir. This keeps nirmatrelvir at high enough levels in the bloodstream to effectively suppress the coronavirus infection. People prescribed Paxlovid will take two 150 mg nirmatrelvir tablets and one 100 mg ritonavir tablet twice per day for five days. Side effects are relatively minimal, but there are serious drug interactions that can cause severe and life-threatening problems. Common side effects of Paxlovid In clinical trials , the most common side effects reported were taste disturbances or bad taste (about a 6% incidence) and diarrhea (about 1%). The complete list of side effects includes: Alterations to the sense of taste (bad taste or metallic taste) Diarrhea Headache Abdominal pain Nausea Vomiting Feeling sick (malaise) Muscle aches High blood pressure ( hypertension ) Serious side effects of Paxlovid Possible serious side effects of Paxlovid include: Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis Severe skin reactions Liver problems Paxlovid and COVID-19 rebound Some people who have been treated with Paxlovid experience a relapse of COVID-19 symptoms, a phenomenon called Paxlovid rebound. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , some cases of Paxlovid rebound involve a return of symptoms without testing positive, and some cases involve a return of symptoms with a positive COVID-19 test. Pfizer’s clinical trials determined that 1% to 2% of people treated with Paxlovid had COVID-19 rebound. The median time from the end of Paxlovid treatment to rebound symptoms was nine days. Paxlovid and kidney problems Paxlovid FDA-prescribing information states that a lower dose may be needed if kidney disease is present. Paxlovid isn’t recommended for people with serious kidney disease or those who are on dialysis. Paxlovid and bad taste in the mouth (Paxlovid mouth) A foul taste in the mouth is the most commonly reported adverse effect of Paxlovid. Although clinical trials found that 5% to 6% of trial participants complained of taste disturbance (dysgeusia), a subsequent study found the incidence to be over 17%. Whatever the incidence is, it’s common enough that it’s been given a name: Paxlovid mouth. Some people report taste disturbance within an hour of taking the first dose. More research is needed to identify the cause, but the bad taste will go away when treatment is discontinued . How soon do Paxlovid side effects start? People may notice taste changes within hours of taking the first dose of Paxlovid. Other side effects are minor and could occur at any time during the five-day treatment regimen. How long do Paxlovid side effects last? Most Paxlovid side effects will pass when the five-day treatment period ends. Liver problems or allergic reactions may take several days or weeks to resolve. What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid? As of this date, there are no long-term side effects associated with Paxlovid. However, Paxlovid has only recently gone through clinical trials and is currently FDA-approved because the COVID-19 pandemic is considered a public health emergency. Healthcare providers may discover other adverse effects in the future, including long-term side effects. Paxlovid interactions Paxlovid has a boxed warning that highlights significant drug-drug interactions. The liver has several enzymes and mechanisms for breaking down drugs. The ritonavir component of Paxlovid interferes with several of them. As a result, drugs broken down through these mechanisms will build up in the body, significantly raising the risk for adverse effects. For this reason, Paxlovid cannot be taken with any medication that would cause serious or life-threatening problems due to high drug concentrations caused by an interaction. These include: Statins Many antiarrhythmics Migraine medications classified as ergot drugs, as well as Relpax (eletriptan) and Ubrelvy Medications used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), such as Uroxatral (alfuzosin) and Rapaflo (silodosin) The antipsychotic medications pimozide and Latuda (lurasidone) The pulmonary hypertension drug Revatio ( sildenafil citrate ), as well as the erectile dysfunction version of sildenafil, Viagra The benzodiazepines triazolam and midazolam The chest pain (angina) medication Ranexa (ranolazine) The gout medications Colcrys and Mitigare (colchicine) The blood pressure medication eplerenone The heart failure medication Corlanor (ivabradine) The lupus nephritis medication Lupkynis The cholesterol medication Juxtapid The chronic kidney disease medication Kerendia The medication used to treat opioid-induced constipation, Movantik The hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) treatment Addyi (flibanserin) The treatment for low sodium (hyponatremia), tolvaptan Paxlovid should not be taken with any drugs that speed up the mechanisms that break down nirmatrelvir, as those drugs will significantly reduce Paxlovid’s ability to fight the virus that causes COVID-19. These drugs include: Many types of anticonvulsants The tuberculosis drugs Rifadin (rifampin) and Priftin (rifapentine) The cystic fibrosis medication Orkambi The anticancer drug Erleada The herbal supplement St. John’s wort The FDA also warns that Paxlovid interferes with the effectiveness of hormonal birth control, so women are urged to use alternative contraception when taking Paxlovid. Safety measures while using Paxlovid Because of its emergency authorization, Paxlovid is only prescribed to adults and children 12 years and older with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of developing severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. The safety of Paxlovid is fairly well-established, but more safety data may become available as more people take the drug. Precautions Paxlovid cannot be used by anyone who has had a severe hypersensitivity reaction to nirmatrelvir or ritonavir. Several medical conditions may require dosage restrictions. People with moderate kidney disease may need to take a reduced dose. People with severe kidney disease may not be able to take the drug at all. Those with liver disorders can take the drug if liver dysfunction is mild or moderate, but Paxlovid should be avoided in people with severe liver dysfunction. Ritonavir is used to treat HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Giving Paxlovid to someone with both COVID-19 and HIV can increase the risk of developing resistance to the protease inhibitor drug class to treat HIV. Therefore, it is very important that anyone with HIV speaks to their infectious disease specialist before taking Paxlovid. Children Paxlovid has FDA approval for use in children as young as 12 years old who weigh at least 88 pounds. As with adults, children are only prescribed Paxlovid if they have a high risk of developing severe COVID-19. Pregnancy Because Paxlovid is an emergency-approved drug that is still early in its formal approval process, there is limited information on the safety of taking it while pregnant. However, prior studies of its individual components, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, show that it is considered safe to take during pregnancy . Breastfeeding There is a lack of research on the effects of Paxlovid on lactation and nursing. Women who are breastfeeding should ask for medical advice about the risks and benefits of taking Paxlovid. Dependence Paxlovid does not cause dependency. There are no known withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. Overdose There is a lack of information about the consequences or symptoms of a Paxlovid overdose. If too much Paxlovid is taken, call the prescribing healthcare provider or get emergency medical care. Recalls Paxlovid has not been recalled for any reason. As a prescription medication, Paxlovid can be risky to take. The risks of side effects can be reduced by following some fundamental rules: 1. Tell the prescriber about all medical conditions The prescribing healthcare provider needs to know about all past and present medical conditions—particularly kidney problems, liver problems, hepatitis, or an HIV infection. 2. Tell the prescriber and pharmacist about all drugs and supplements you’re taking The riskiest aspect of taking Paxlovid involves drug interactions. Give your prescriber or pharmacist a complete list of all prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements you’re taking. A healthcare professional can tell you which of those drugs are unsafe to take with Paxlovid. 3. Take Paxlovid as instructed Paxlovid is a complicated medicine to take, requiring three pills to be taken for each dose in order for it to be effective. Never take an extra dose or tablet to make up for a missed dose. How to treat side effects of Paxlovid Most Paxlovid side effects are minimal. A few can be more problematic. Here’s how to handle some of the most unpleasant or serious side effects of Paxlovid: Bad taste : Getting a persistent, bad taste in the mouth is among the least pleasant side effects a drug can have. Fortunately, an unpleasant taste in the mouth is not a health threat unless someone stops eating or drinking. Although there’s little to do about it, a few things may help. Don’t eat foods with a bitter taste. Don’t put metal in your mouth; use plastic utensils instead. Brushing your teeth or eating candies may also help. Liver problems : Paxlovid can injure the liver. If you notice symptoms of liver dysfunction, such as pale stools, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes or skin), dark-colored urine, upper abdominal pain, itchy skin, or loss of appetite, immediately contact a healthcare provider. You may need to stop taking the drug. COVID-19 rebound : If COVID-19 symptoms return in the days or weeks following Paxlovid treatment, begin isolation at home just as you would with a new infection. Many people with Paxlovid rebound get over their symptoms quickly. In that case, isolation can end five days after the fever recedes. People with Paxlovid rebound do not need further treatment with the drug. Hypersensitivity reactions : Immediately stop taking Paxlovid and get immediate medical help if you notice symptoms of hypersensitivity, such as a skin rash, hives, blisters, peeling skin, trouble breathing, facial swelling, difficulty swallowing, or tightness in the throat. These are all signs of a potentially severe allergic reaction or drug reaction. Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe? At this time, Paxlovid is only used in people infected with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at risk of developing severe and potentially life-threatening COVID-19. That means the risks of Paxlovid must be weighed against the risk of hospitalization or death. Paxlovid has relatively few possible side effects. Most side effects are mild and not commonly experienced. The most significant warnings about taking Paxlovid are in regard to its potentially severe or fatal drug interactions.
Markdown	[Skip to main content](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#primary) [![The Checkup logo – Go to blog](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/themes/singlecare/images/the_checkup_pink.svg)](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/) [![SingleCare logo – Go to homepage](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/themes/singlecare/images/by_singlecare.svg)](https://www.singlecare.com/) [![Search icon](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/themes/singlecare/images/search-icon.svg)](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/) [![The Checkup logo – Go to blog](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/themes/singlecare/images/the-checkup-logo-widescreen.png)](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/) [![SingleCare logo – Go to homepage](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/themes/singlecare/images/by-singlecare-logo-widescreen.png)](https://singlecare.com/) [![Search icon](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/themes/singlecare/images/search-icon-grey.svg) Search for articles or Rx savings](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/) [![Close icon](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/themes/singlecare/images/close-icon.svg)](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/) Search for a topic or drug - [Health Education](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/health-education/) - [Drug Info](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/drug-info/) - [Wellness](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wellness/) - [Browse prescriptions](https://www.singlecare.com/browse-prescriptions) - [More](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/) - [Drug vs. Drug](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/drug-vs-drug/) - [Company](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/company/) - [Pets](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/pets/) - [Community](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/community/) - [News](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/news/) - [The Checkout](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/the-checkout/) - [Health conditions](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions-treatments) - [SingleCare discount cards](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription-discount-card) - [Medicare](https://www.singlecare.com/medicare) - [Health Education](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/health-education/) - [Drug Info](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/drug-info/) - [Wellness](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wellness/) - [Browse prescriptions](https://www.singlecare.com/browse-prescriptions) - [More](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/) - [Drug vs. Drug](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/drug-vs-drug/) - [Company](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/company/) - [Pets](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/pets/) - [Community](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/community/) - [News](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/news/) - [The Checkout](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/the-checkout/) - [Health conditions](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions-treatments) - [SingleCare discount cards](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription-discount-card) - [Medicare](https://www.singlecare.com/medicare) [Drug Info](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/drug-info/) # Paxlovid side effects and how to avoid them Paxlovid side effects include COVID-19 rebound and a bad taste in the mouth. Interactions with other drugs could cause serious or life-threatening problems. ![SingleCare logo](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/SingleCare--150x150.jpeg) By [SingleCare Team](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/author/singlecare-team/ "Posts by SingleCare Team") \\| Dec. 1, 2023 Medically reviewed by [Josephine Bawab, Pharm.D.](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/author/josephine-bawab-pharm-d) ![A bottle of pills spilled over: Paxlovid side effects](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/paxlovid-side-effects-1884x1060.png) ## Key takeaways - Paxlovid is an FDA-authorized antiviral medication for treating mild-to-moderate COVID-19, designed to reduce viral load by preventing virus reproduction and maintaining effective drug levels in the bloodstream. - Common side effects of Paxlovid include taste disturbances, diarrhea, and less frequently, severe allergic reactions, liver problems, and COVID-19 symptom rebound. - Paxlovid interacts significantly with many other medications, potentially causing serious or life-threatening issues, necessitating careful management of drug combinations. - While most side effects of Paxlovid are mild and resolve after treatment, the medication requires careful prescription and adherence to safety measures, especially regarding dosing and potential drug interactions. In this article: - [Common side effects of Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#common-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [Serious side effects of Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#serious-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [How soon do Paxlovid side effects start?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-soon-do-paxlovid-side-effects-start) - [How long do Paxlovid side effects last?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-long-do-paxlovid-side-effects-last) - [What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#what-are-the-long-term-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [Paxlovid interactions](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#paxlovid-interactions) - [Safety measures while using Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#safety-measures-while-using-paxlovid) - [How to avoid Paxlovid side effects](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-to-avoid-paxlovid-side-effects) - [How to treat side effects of Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-to-treat-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#bottom-line-is-paxlovid-safe) ![](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/themes/singlecare/images/union.svg) In this article ![](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/themes/singlecare/images/dropDownArrow.svg) - [Common side effects of Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#common-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [Serious side effects of Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#serious-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [How soon do Paxlovid side effects start?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-soon-do-paxlovid-side-effects-start) - [How long do Paxlovid side effects last?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-long-do-paxlovid-side-effects-last) - [What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#what-are-the-long-term-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [Paxlovid interactions](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#paxlovid-interactions) - [Safety measures while using Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#safety-measures-while-using-paxlovid) - [How to avoid Paxlovid side effects](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-to-avoid-paxlovid-side-effects) - [How to treat side effects of Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-to-treat-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#bottom-line-is-paxlovid-safe) [Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/paxlovid-300-100) (nirmatrelvir-ritonavir) is a prescription medication that has been given an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat COVID-19. Paxlovid is an antiviral two-drug treatment that works by [reducing the viral load](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8933659/) in the body. The first drug in the treatment, nirmatrelvir, prevents the SARS-COV-2 virus from reproducing. The second drug, [ritonavir](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/ritonavir), is a [protease inhibitor](https://www.singlecare.com/drug-classes/protease-inhibitors) that prevents the liver from breaking down nirmatrelvir. This keeps nirmatrelvir at high enough levels in the bloodstream to effectively suppress the coronavirus infection. People prescribed Paxlovid will take two 150 mg nirmatrelvir tablets and one 100 mg ritonavir tablet twice per day for five days. Side effects are relatively minimal, but there are serious drug interactions that can cause severe and life-threatening problems. ## Common side effects of Paxlovid [In clinical trials](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=7bdddfba-bd31-44cb-ba9e-23a4e17a4691), the most common side effects reported were taste disturbances or bad taste (about a 6% incidence) and diarrhea (about 1%). The complete list of side effects includes: - Alterations to the sense of taste (bad taste or metallic taste) - Diarrhea - Headache - Abdominal pain - Nausea - Vomiting - Feeling sick (malaise) - Muscle aches - High blood pressure ([hypertension](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions/hypertension-treatments-and-medications)) ## Serious side effects of Paxlovid Possible serious side effects of Paxlovid include: - Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis - Severe skin reactions - [Liver problems](https://www.paxlovid.com/faq) ### Paxlovid and COVID-19 rebound Some people who have been treated with Paxlovid experience a relapse of COVID-19 symptoms, a phenomenon called Paxlovid rebound. [According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2022/pdf/CDC_HAN_467.pdf), some cases of Paxlovid rebound involve a return of symptoms without testing positive, and some cases involve a return of symptoms with a positive COVID-19 test. Pfizer’s clinical trials determined that 1% to 2% of people treated with Paxlovid had COVID-19 rebound. The median time from the end of Paxlovid treatment to rebound symptoms was nine days. ### Paxlovid and kidney problems [Paxlovid FDA-prescribing information](https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2023/217188s000lbl.pdf) states that a lower dose may be needed if kidney disease is present. Paxlovid [isn’t recommended](https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/13-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19) for people with serious kidney disease or those who are on dialysis. ### Paxlovid and bad taste in the mouth (Paxlovid mouth) A foul taste in the mouth is the most commonly reported adverse effect of Paxlovid. Although clinical trials found that 5% to 6% of trial participants complained of taste disturbance (dysgeusia), a [subsequent study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36821807/) found the incidence to be over 17%. Whatever the incidence is, it’s common enough that it’s been given a name: Paxlovid mouth. Some people report taste disturbance within an hour of taking the first dose. More research is needed to identify the cause, but [the bad taste will go away when treatment is discontinued](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/paxlovid-mouth/). ## How soon do Paxlovid side effects start? People may notice taste changes within hours of taking the first dose of Paxlovid. Other side effects are minor and could occur at any time during the five-day treatment regimen. ## How long do Paxlovid side effects last? Most Paxlovid side effects will pass when the five-day treatment period ends. Liver problems or allergic reactions may take several days or weeks to resolve. ## What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid? As of this date, there are no long-term side effects associated with Paxlovid. However, Paxlovid has only recently gone through clinical trials and is currently FDA-approved because the COVID-19 pandemic is considered a public health emergency. Healthcare providers may discover other adverse effects in the future, including long-term side effects. ## Paxlovid interactions Paxlovid has a boxed warning that highlights significant drug-drug interactions. The liver has several enzymes and mechanisms for breaking down drugs. The ritonavir component of Paxlovid interferes with several of them. As a result, drugs broken down through these mechanisms will build up in the body, significantly raising the risk for adverse effects. For this reason, Paxlovid cannot be taken with any medication that would cause serious or life-threatening problems due to high drug concentrations caused by an interaction. These include: - [Statins](https://www.singlecare.com/drug-classes/statins) - Many [antiarrhythmics](https://www.singlecare.com/drug-classes/antiarrhythmics) - [Migraine](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions/migraine-treatment-and-medications) medications classified as ergot drugs, as well as Relpax (eletriptan) and [Ubrelvy](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/ubrelvy) - Medications used to treat [benign prostatic hyperplasia](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions/bph-treatment-and-medications) (BPH), such as [Uroxatral](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/alfuzosin-hcl-er) (alfuzosin) and [Rapaflo](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/silodosin) (silodosin) - The [antipsychotic medications](https://www.singlecare.com/drug-classes/antipsychotics) [pimozide](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/pimozide) and [Latuda](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/latuda) (lurasidone) - The pulmonary hypertension drug [Revatio](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/revatio) ([sildenafil citrate](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/sildenafil-citrate)), as well as the [erectile dysfunction](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions/erectile-dysfunction-treatment-and-medications) version of sildenafil, [Viagra](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/viagra) - The [benzodiazepines](https://www.singlecare.com/drug-classes/benzodiazepines) [triazolam](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/triazolam) and [midazolam](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/midazolam) - The chest pain (angina) medication Ranexa [(ranolazine)](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/ranolazine-er) - The gout medications Colcrys and Mitigare [(colchicine)](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/colchicine) - The blood pressure medication [eplerenone](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/eplerenone) - The heart failure medication [Corlanor](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/corlanor) (ivabradine) - The lupus nephritis medication Lupkynis - The cholesterol medication Juxtapid - The chronic kidney disease medication [Kerendia](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/kerendia) - The medication used to treat opioid-induced constipation, [Movantik](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/movantik) - The hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) treatment Addyi [(flibanserin)](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/flibanserin) - The treatment for low sodium (hyponatremia), [tolvaptan](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/tolvaptan) Paxlovid should not be taken with any drugs that speed up the mechanisms that break down nirmatrelvir, as those drugs will significantly reduce Paxlovid’s ability to fight the virus that causes COVID-19. These drugs include: - Many types of [anticonvulsants](https://www.singlecare.com/drug-classes/anticonvulsants) - The [tuberculosis](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions/tuberculosis-treatment-and-medications) drugs Rifadin (rifampin) and [Priftin](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/priftin/what-is) (rifapentine) - The [cystic fibrosis](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions/cystic-fibrosis-treatment-and-medications) medication [Orkambi](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/orkambi/what-is) - The anticancer drug [Erleada](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/erleada/what-is) - The herbal supplement [St. John’s wort](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/st-johns-wort/) The FDA also warns that Paxlovid interferes with the effectiveness of hormonal birth control, so women are urged to use alternative contraception when taking Paxlovid. ## Safety measures while using Paxlovid Because of its emergency authorization, Paxlovid is only prescribed to adults and children 12 years and older with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of developing severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. The safety of Paxlovid is fairly well-established, but more safety data may become available as more people take the drug. ### Precautions Paxlovid cannot be used by anyone who has had a severe hypersensitivity reaction to nirmatrelvir or ritonavir. Several medical conditions may require dosage restrictions. People with moderate kidney disease may need to take a reduced dose. People with severe kidney disease may not be able to take the drug at all. Those with liver disorders can take the drug if liver dysfunction is mild or moderate, but Paxlovid should be avoided in people with severe liver dysfunction. Ritonavir is used to treat HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Giving Paxlovid to someone with both COVID-19 and HIV can increase the risk of developing resistance to the protease inhibitor drug class to treat HIV. Therefore, it is very important that anyone with HIV speaks to their infectious disease specialist before taking Paxlovid. ### Children Paxlovid has FDA approval for use in children as young as 12 years old who weigh at least 88 pounds. As with adults, children are only prescribed Paxlovid if they have a high risk of developing severe COVID-19. ### Pregnancy Because Paxlovid is an emergency-approved drug that is still early in its formal approval process, there is limited information on the safety of taking it while pregnant. However, prior studies of its individual components, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, show that it is [considered safe to take during pregnancy](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866309/). ### Breastfeeding There is a lack of research on the effects of Paxlovid on lactation and nursing. Women who are breastfeeding should ask for medical advice about the risks and benefits of taking Paxlovid. ### Dependence Paxlovid does not cause dependency. There are no known withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. ### Overdose There is a lack of information about the consequences or symptoms of a Paxlovid overdose. If too much Paxlovid is taken, call the prescribing healthcare provider or get emergency medical care. ### Recalls Paxlovid has not been recalled for any reason. ## How to avoid Paxlovid side effects As a prescription medication, Paxlovid can be risky to take. The risks of side effects can be reduced by following some fundamental rules: ### 1\. Tell the prescriber about all medical conditions The prescribing healthcare provider needs to know about all past and present medical conditions—particularly kidney problems, liver problems, hepatitis, or an HIV infection. ### 2\. Tell the prescriber and pharmacist about all drugs and supplements you’re taking The riskiest aspect of taking Paxlovid involves drug interactions. Give your prescriber or pharmacist a complete list of all prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements you’re taking. A healthcare professional can tell you which of those drugs are unsafe to take with Paxlovid. ### 3\. Take Paxlovid as instructed Paxlovid is a complicated medicine to take, requiring three pills to be taken for each dose in order for it to be effective. Never take an extra dose or tablet to make up for a missed dose. ## How to treat side effects of Paxlovid Most Paxlovid side effects are minimal. A few can be more problematic. Here’s how to handle some of the most unpleasant or serious side effects of Paxlovid: - Bad taste: Getting a persistent, bad taste in the mouth is among the least pleasant side effects a drug can have. Fortunately, an unpleasant taste in the mouth is not a health threat unless someone stops eating or drinking. Although there’s little to do about it, a few things may help. Don’t eat foods with a bitter taste. Don’t put metal in your mouth; use plastic utensils instead. Brushing your teeth or eating candies may also help. - Liver problems: Paxlovid can injure the liver. If you notice symptoms of liver dysfunction, such as pale stools, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes or skin), dark-colored urine, upper abdominal pain, itchy skin, or loss of appetite, immediately contact a healthcare provider. You may need to stop taking the drug. - COVID-19 rebound: If COVID-19 symptoms return in the days or weeks following Paxlovid treatment, begin isolation at home just as you would with a new infection. Many people with Paxlovid rebound get over their symptoms quickly. In that case, isolation can end five days after the fever recedes. People with Paxlovid rebound do not need further treatment with the drug. - Hypersensitivity reactions: Immediately stop taking Paxlovid and get immediate medical help if you notice symptoms of hypersensitivity, such as a skin rash, hives, blisters, peeling skin, trouble breathing, facial swelling, difficulty swallowing, or tightness in the throat. These are all signs of a potentially severe allergic reaction or drug reaction. ## Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe? At this time, Paxlovid is only used in people infected with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at risk of developing severe and potentially life-threatening COVID-19. That means the risks of Paxlovid must be weighed against the risk of hospitalization or death. Paxlovid has relatively few possible side effects. Most side effects are mild and not commonly experienced. The most significant warnings about taking Paxlovid are in regard to its potentially severe or fatal drug interactions. ## Sources - [Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir: First approval](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8933659/), Drugs (2022) - [Label: Paxlovid – nirmatrelvir and ritonavir kit](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=7bdddfba-bd31-44cb-ba9e-23a4e17a4691), DailyMed (2023) - [Frequently asked questions about Paxlovid](https://www.paxlovid.com/faq), Paxlovid.com (2023) - [COVID-19 rebound after Paxlovid treatment](https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2022/pdf/CDC_HAN_467.pdf), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) - [Highlights of prescribing information](https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2023/217188s000lbl.pdf), Food and Drug Administration (2023) - [Postmarketing reporting of Paxlovid-related dysgeusia: A real-world pharmacovigilance study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36821807/), Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (2023) - [Paxlovid mouth: What it is and how to find relief](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/paxlovid-mouth/), Cleveland Clinic (2023) [Share on Facebook](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/ "Share on Facebook") [Share on Twitter](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/ "Share on Twitter") [Share on LinkedIn](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/ "Share on LinkedIn") [Copy URL to clipboard URL copied to clipboard](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/ "Copy link to clipboard") [Sharing options](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/ "Share this article") [Share on Facebook](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/ "Share on Facebook") [Share on Twitter](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/ "Share on Twitter") [Share on LinkedIn](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/ "Share on LinkedIn") [Copy URL to clipboard URL copied to clipboard](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/ "Copy link to clipboard") ## Top Reads in Drug Info Drug Info [![Man taking a sip of coffee - Can you drink coffee while taking Xarelto?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Blog_100925_Can_you_drink_on_Xarelto-copy-600x338.webp) ![Man taking a sip of coffee - Can you drink coffee while taking Xarelto?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Blog_100925_Can_you_drink_on_Xarelto-copy-176x134.webp) Coffee and Xarelto](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/coffee-and-xarelto/) Drug Info [![image of a hand holding a Zepbound syringe - how fast does Zepbound work?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Blog_100725_how_fast_does_zepbound_work-copy-600x338.webp) ![image of a hand holding a Zepbound syringe - how fast does Zepbound work?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Blog_100725_how_fast_does_zepbound_work-copy-176x134.webp) How long does Zepbound take to work?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/how-fast-does-zepbound-work/) Drug Info [![A person with chips, wine, and a burger in front of them \\| foods to avoid while taking Entresto](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Blog_100625_TK_Foods_to_avoid_while_taking_Entresto-copy-600x338.webp) ![A person with chips, wine, and a burger in front of them \\| foods to avoid while taking Entresto](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Blog_100625_TK_Foods_to_avoid_while_taking_Entresto-copy-176x134.webp) Entresto food interactions](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/foods-to-avoid-while-taking-entresto/) Got a prescription? 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Readable Markdown	## Key takeaways - Paxlovid is an FDA-authorized antiviral medication for treating mild-to-moderate COVID-19, designed to reduce viral load by preventing virus reproduction and maintaining effective drug levels in the bloodstream. - Common side effects of Paxlovid include taste disturbances, diarrhea, and less frequently, severe allergic reactions, liver problems, and COVID-19 symptom rebound. - Paxlovid interacts significantly with many other medications, potentially causing serious or life-threatening issues, necessitating careful management of drug combinations. - While most side effects of Paxlovid are mild and resolve after treatment, the medication requires careful prescription and adherence to safety measures, especially regarding dosing and potential drug interactions. In this article: - [Common side effects of Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#common-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [Serious side effects of Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#serious-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [How soon do Paxlovid side effects start?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-soon-do-paxlovid-side-effects-start) - [How long do Paxlovid side effects last?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-long-do-paxlovid-side-effects-last) - [What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#what-are-the-long-term-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [Paxlovid interactions](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#paxlovid-interactions) - [Safety measures while using Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#safety-measures-while-using-paxlovid) - [How to avoid Paxlovid side effects](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-to-avoid-paxlovid-side-effects) - [How to treat side effects of Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-to-treat-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#bottom-line-is-paxlovid-safe) ![](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/themes/singlecare/images/union.svg) In this article ![](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/wp-content/themes/singlecare/images/dropDownArrow.svg) - [Common side effects of Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#common-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [Serious side effects of Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#serious-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [How soon do Paxlovid side effects start?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-soon-do-paxlovid-side-effects-start) - [How long do Paxlovid side effects last?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-long-do-paxlovid-side-effects-last) - [What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#what-are-the-long-term-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [Paxlovid interactions](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#paxlovid-interactions) - [Safety measures while using Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#safety-measures-while-using-paxlovid) - [How to avoid Paxlovid side effects](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-to-avoid-paxlovid-side-effects) - [How to treat side effects of Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#how-to-treat-side-effects-of-paxlovid) - [Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe?](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/paxlovid-side-effects/#bottom-line-is-paxlovid-safe) [Paxlovid](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/paxlovid-300-100) (nirmatrelvir-ritonavir) is a prescription medication that has been given an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat COVID-19. Paxlovid is an antiviral two-drug treatment that works by [reducing the viral load](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8933659/) in the body. The first drug in the treatment, nirmatrelvir, prevents the SARS-COV-2 virus from reproducing. The second drug, [ritonavir](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/ritonavir), is a [protease inhibitor](https://www.singlecare.com/drug-classes/protease-inhibitors) that prevents the liver from breaking down nirmatrelvir. This keeps nirmatrelvir at high enough levels in the bloodstream to effectively suppress the coronavirus infection. People prescribed Paxlovid will take two 150 mg nirmatrelvir tablets and one 100 mg ritonavir tablet twice per day for five days. Side effects are relatively minimal, but there are serious drug interactions that can cause severe and life-threatening problems. ## Common side effects of Paxlovid [In clinical trials](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=7bdddfba-bd31-44cb-ba9e-23a4e17a4691), the most common side effects reported were taste disturbances or bad taste (about a 6% incidence) and diarrhea (about 1%). The complete list of side effects includes: - Alterations to the sense of taste (bad taste or metallic taste) - Diarrhea - Headache - Abdominal pain - Nausea - Vomiting - Feeling sick (malaise) - Muscle aches - High blood pressure ([hypertension](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions/hypertension-treatments-and-medications)) ## Serious side effects of Paxlovid Possible serious side effects of Paxlovid include: - Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis - Severe skin reactions - [Liver problems](https://www.paxlovid.com/faq) ### Paxlovid and COVID-19 rebound Some people who have been treated with Paxlovid experience a relapse of COVID-19 symptoms, a phenomenon called Paxlovid rebound. [According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2022/pdf/CDC_HAN_467.pdf), some cases of Paxlovid rebound involve a return of symptoms without testing positive, and some cases involve a return of symptoms with a positive COVID-19 test. Pfizer’s clinical trials determined that 1% to 2% of people treated with Paxlovid had COVID-19 rebound. The median time from the end of Paxlovid treatment to rebound symptoms was nine days. ### Paxlovid and kidney problems [Paxlovid FDA-prescribing information](https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2023/217188s000lbl.pdf) states that a lower dose may be needed if kidney disease is present. Paxlovid [isn’t recommended](https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/13-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19) for people with serious kidney disease or those who are on dialysis. ### Paxlovid and bad taste in the mouth (Paxlovid mouth) A foul taste in the mouth is the most commonly reported adverse effect of Paxlovid. Although clinical trials found that 5% to 6% of trial participants complained of taste disturbance (dysgeusia), a [subsequent study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36821807/) found the incidence to be over 17%. Whatever the incidence is, it’s common enough that it’s been given a name: Paxlovid mouth. Some people report taste disturbance within an hour of taking the first dose. More research is needed to identify the cause, but [the bad taste will go away when treatment is discontinued](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/paxlovid-mouth/). ## How soon do Paxlovid side effects start? People may notice taste changes within hours of taking the first dose of Paxlovid. Other side effects are minor and could occur at any time during the five-day treatment regimen. ## How long do Paxlovid side effects last? Most Paxlovid side effects will pass when the five-day treatment period ends. Liver problems or allergic reactions may take several days or weeks to resolve. ## What are the long-term side effects of Paxlovid? As of this date, there are no long-term side effects associated with Paxlovid. However, Paxlovid has only recently gone through clinical trials and is currently FDA-approved because the COVID-19 pandemic is considered a public health emergency. Healthcare providers may discover other adverse effects in the future, including long-term side effects. ## Paxlovid interactions Paxlovid has a boxed warning that highlights significant drug-drug interactions. The liver has several enzymes and mechanisms for breaking down drugs. The ritonavir component of Paxlovid interferes with several of them. As a result, drugs broken down through these mechanisms will build up in the body, significantly raising the risk for adverse effects. For this reason, Paxlovid cannot be taken with any medication that would cause serious or life-threatening problems due to high drug concentrations caused by an interaction. These include: - [Statins](https://www.singlecare.com/drug-classes/statins) - Many [antiarrhythmics](https://www.singlecare.com/drug-classes/antiarrhythmics) - [Migraine](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions/migraine-treatment-and-medications) medications classified as ergot drugs, as well as Relpax (eletriptan) and [Ubrelvy](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/ubrelvy) - Medications used to treat [benign prostatic hyperplasia](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions/bph-treatment-and-medications) (BPH), such as [Uroxatral](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/alfuzosin-hcl-er) (alfuzosin) and [Rapaflo](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/silodosin) (silodosin) - The [antipsychotic medications](https://www.singlecare.com/drug-classes/antipsychotics) [pimozide](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/pimozide) and [Latuda](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/latuda) (lurasidone) - The pulmonary hypertension drug [Revatio](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/revatio) ([sildenafil citrate](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/sildenafil-citrate)), as well as the [erectile dysfunction](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions/erectile-dysfunction-treatment-and-medications) version of sildenafil, [Viagra](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/viagra) - The [benzodiazepines](https://www.singlecare.com/drug-classes/benzodiazepines) [triazolam](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/triazolam) and [midazolam](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/midazolam) - The chest pain (angina) medication Ranexa [(ranolazine)](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/ranolazine-er) - The gout medications Colcrys and Mitigare [(colchicine)](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/colchicine) - The blood pressure medication [eplerenone](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/eplerenone) - The heart failure medication [Corlanor](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/corlanor) (ivabradine) - The lupus nephritis medication Lupkynis - The cholesterol medication Juxtapid - The chronic kidney disease medication [Kerendia](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/kerendia) - The medication used to treat opioid-induced constipation, [Movantik](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/movantik) - The hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) treatment Addyi [(flibanserin)](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/flibanserin) - The treatment for low sodium (hyponatremia), [tolvaptan](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/tolvaptan) Paxlovid should not be taken with any drugs that speed up the mechanisms that break down nirmatrelvir, as those drugs will significantly reduce Paxlovid’s ability to fight the virus that causes COVID-19. These drugs include: - Many types of [anticonvulsants](https://www.singlecare.com/drug-classes/anticonvulsants) - The [tuberculosis](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions/tuberculosis-treatment-and-medications) drugs Rifadin (rifampin) and [Priftin](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/priftin/what-is) (rifapentine) - The [cystic fibrosis](https://www.singlecare.com/conditions/cystic-fibrosis-treatment-and-medications) medication [Orkambi](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/orkambi/what-is) - The anticancer drug [Erleada](https://www.singlecare.com/prescription/erleada/what-is) - The herbal supplement [St. John’s wort](https://www.singlecare.com/blog/st-johns-wort/) The FDA also warns that Paxlovid interferes with the effectiveness of hormonal birth control, so women are urged to use alternative contraception when taking Paxlovid. ## Safety measures while using Paxlovid Because of its emergency authorization, Paxlovid is only prescribed to adults and children 12 years and older with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of developing severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. The safety of Paxlovid is fairly well-established, but more safety data may become available as more people take the drug. ### Precautions Paxlovid cannot be used by anyone who has had a severe hypersensitivity reaction to nirmatrelvir or ritonavir. Several medical conditions may require dosage restrictions. People with moderate kidney disease may need to take a reduced dose. People with severe kidney disease may not be able to take the drug at all. Those with liver disorders can take the drug if liver dysfunction is mild or moderate, but Paxlovid should be avoided in people with severe liver dysfunction. Ritonavir is used to treat HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Giving Paxlovid to someone with both COVID-19 and HIV can increase the risk of developing resistance to the protease inhibitor drug class to treat HIV. Therefore, it is very important that anyone with HIV speaks to their infectious disease specialist before taking Paxlovid. ### Children Paxlovid has FDA approval for use in children as young as 12 years old who weigh at least 88 pounds. As with adults, children are only prescribed Paxlovid if they have a high risk of developing severe COVID-19. ### Pregnancy Because Paxlovid is an emergency-approved drug that is still early in its formal approval process, there is limited information on the safety of taking it while pregnant. However, prior studies of its individual components, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, show that it is [considered safe to take during pregnancy](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866309/). ### Breastfeeding There is a lack of research on the effects of Paxlovid on lactation and nursing. Women who are breastfeeding should ask for medical advice about the risks and benefits of taking Paxlovid. ### Dependence Paxlovid does not cause dependency. There are no known withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. ### Overdose There is a lack of information about the consequences or symptoms of a Paxlovid overdose. If too much Paxlovid is taken, call the prescribing healthcare provider or get emergency medical care. ### Recalls Paxlovid has not been recalled for any reason. As a prescription medication, Paxlovid can be risky to take. The risks of side effects can be reduced by following some fundamental rules: ### 1\. Tell the prescriber about all medical conditions The prescribing healthcare provider needs to know about all past and present medical conditions—particularly kidney problems, liver problems, hepatitis, or an HIV infection. ### 2\. Tell the prescriber and pharmacist about all drugs and supplements you’re taking The riskiest aspect of taking Paxlovid involves drug interactions. Give your prescriber or pharmacist a complete list of all prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements you’re taking. A healthcare professional can tell you which of those drugs are unsafe to take with Paxlovid. ### 3\. Take Paxlovid as instructed Paxlovid is a complicated medicine to take, requiring three pills to be taken for each dose in order for it to be effective. Never take an extra dose or tablet to make up for a missed dose. ## How to treat side effects of Paxlovid Most Paxlovid side effects are minimal. A few can be more problematic. Here’s how to handle some of the most unpleasant or serious side effects of Paxlovid: - Bad taste: Getting a persistent, bad taste in the mouth is among the least pleasant side effects a drug can have. Fortunately, an unpleasant taste in the mouth is not a health threat unless someone stops eating or drinking. Although there’s little to do about it, a few things may help. Don’t eat foods with a bitter taste. Don’t put metal in your mouth; use plastic utensils instead. Brushing your teeth or eating candies may also help. - Liver problems: Paxlovid can injure the liver. If you notice symptoms of liver dysfunction, such as pale stools, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes or skin), dark-colored urine, upper abdominal pain, itchy skin, or loss of appetite, immediately contact a healthcare provider. You may need to stop taking the drug. - COVID-19 rebound: If COVID-19 symptoms return in the days or weeks following Paxlovid treatment, begin isolation at home just as you would with a new infection. Many people with Paxlovid rebound get over their symptoms quickly. In that case, isolation can end five days after the fever recedes. People with Paxlovid rebound do not need further treatment with the drug. - Hypersensitivity reactions: Immediately stop taking Paxlovid and get immediate medical help if you notice symptoms of hypersensitivity, such as a skin rash, hives, blisters, peeling skin, trouble breathing, facial swelling, difficulty swallowing, or tightness in the throat. These are all signs of a potentially severe allergic reaction or drug reaction. ## Bottom line: Is Paxlovid safe? At this time, Paxlovid is only used in people infected with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at risk of developing severe and potentially life-threatening COVID-19. That means the risks of Paxlovid must be weighed against the risk of hospitalization or death. Paxlovid has relatively few possible side effects. Most side effects are mild and not commonly experienced. The most significant warnings about taking Paxlovid are in regard to its potentially severe or fatal drug interactions.
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