🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 41 (from laksa004)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa041.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/mandatory-reporting/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/mandatory-reporting/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/mandatory-reporting\/","crawl_time":1775335313,"first_indexed_time":1592640145,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,shouselaw!www,\/ca\/defense\/laws\/mandatory-reporting\/ s443","src_root_hash":"1974417449754067841","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"\"Mandated Reporters\" in California - A 5-Minute Legal Guide","meta_descriptions":["In California, mandated reporters are teachers, social workers, and other professionals required to notify police\/social services of abuse\/neglect of a minor."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"In California,\nmandated reporters\nare teachers, social workers, clergy, doctors, and other professionals who are required to notify police or social services of alleged\nabuse\nor\nneglect\nof a child under 18 years old.\nUnder California’s\nChild Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA)\n,\nmandatory reporters\n \nmust make an initial telephonic report as soon as practically possible. They then must make their written report within 36 hours of learning of – or suspecting – the child abuse and\/or neglect.\nThe report must include such information as:\nthe name, title, and contact information of the reporter,\nthe information that gave rise to the reporter’s reasonable suspicion of abuse,\nthe child’s name, address, present location, and school information,\nthe names and addresses of the parents or guardians, and\nthe name, address, and telephone number of the person(s) suspected of the abuse or neglect.\nMandatory reporters\nwho do not make a required report under CANRA face a\nmisdemeanor\ncharge carrying:\nup to 6 months in\ncounty jail\nand\/or\na maximum fine of $1,000.\nHowever, if the abuse or neglect leads to death or\ngreat bodily injury\n, a willful failure to report carries an increased sentence of:\nup to 1 year in county jail and\/or\na maximum fine of $5,000.\nA common defense to failure to report is that no reasonable person in the\nmandatory reporter\n‘s position would have suspected that child abuse or neglect occurred.\nIn this article, our\nCalifornia criminal defense attorneys\ndiscuss the following topics re.\nmandatory reporters\n:\nWho must report?\nWhat is child abuse and neglect?\nAdditional Resources\nWho must report?\nCalifornia’s Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA) lists more than 50 different professionals who are required to report instances of actual or suspected abuse or neglect of a minor. Some of these include:\na teacher,\nan instructional aide,\na teacher’s aide or teacher’s assistant employed by a public or private school,\ncertain school personnel such as a classified employee of a public school\nan administrator or employee of a public or private youth center, youth recreation program or youth organization,\na Head Start program teacher,\na public assistance worker,\nan employee of a daycare institution or community care facility,\nan administrator of a public or private\nday camp,\na social worker, probation officer, or parole officer,\nan employee of a school district police or security department,\na police officer at any local law enforcement agency,\npeace officers,\nemployees\nof\na\nprotective\nservice\nor\nlaw\nenforcement\nagency,\ncommercial film & photographic print processors,\na firefighter, except for volunteer firefighters,\nhealthcare workers such as a doctor\/physician and surgeon, nurse, psychiatrist, psychologist, dentist, resident, intern, chiropractor, mental health professionals, EMTs, and marriage and family therapist\/counselor,\nparamedics,\nfoster parents,\nmedical examiners,\ncustodians for child care, elder care, or dependent care,\nlong-term healthcare facility employees,\na child visitation monitor, and\na clergy member, including a priest, minister, rabbi, and religious practitioner.\nMandatory reporters must report child abuse or neglect even if they learn of it outside of their professional capacity.\nFurthermore, mandatory reporters can\nnot\nreport anonymously. Though if the report turns out to be wrong, mandated reporters have immunity from criminal and civil liability under state law.\n(People who are not mandatory reporters can report abuse anonymously.)\n5\nCANRA’s purpose is to promote child welfare and child abuse prevention.\nWhat is child abuse and neglect?\nAs discussed below, what constitutes child abuse or neglect is laid out in both:\nCANRA and\nthe California Penal Code.\nChild Abuse and Neglect under CANRA\n“Child neglect” is the negligent treatment or the maltreatment of a minor (under 18) by a person responsible for their welfare. The includes both acts and omissions (failures to act) on the part of the responsible person.\n“Child abuse” is any form of cruelty to a minor’s physical, moral or mental well-being.\nSome examples of child abuse and neglect under CANRA include:\nsexual abuse\n,\nemotional abuse,\nwillful harming or injuring of a child\n,\nproduction of child pornography\n,\nunlawful corporal punishment,\ndomestic violence,\nphysical abuse of a child, and\ndeath inflicted by other than accidental means.\nNote that in 2014, the California Legislature passed\nAssembly Bill 1775\n. This law requires mandated reporters to report to the authorities if they know or suspect that someone has downloaded, streamed, or assessed any child pornography on the internet.\n2\nAny person – not just parents – can be guilty of child abuse.\nAbuse and Neglect under California’s Penal Code\nChild Neglect\nPer California Penal Code 270 PC, child neglect occurs when the parent willfully and unlawfully fails to furnish their minor child necessary:\nclothing,\nfood,\nshelter,\nmedical attendance, or\nother remedial care.\nA related section —\nCalifornia Penal Code 270.1(a) PC\n— makes it a crime for a parent to fail to monitor and enforce a child’s school attendance.\nViolating 270 PC or 270.1(a) PC is a misdemeanor, punishable by:\nup to 1 year in county jail and\/or\na maximum fine of $2,000.\n3\nChild Abuse\nPer California Penal Code 273(d) PC, child abuse is imposing physical injury or cruel punishment on a minor. Examples include:\nslapping a minor hard enough to leave a mark,\npunching a teenage boy for staying out too late, and\nhitting a minor with a belt harder than is reasonable in order to discipline her.\nChild abuse is a\nwobbler\n, meaning it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony. As a misdemeanor, child abuse carries:\nup to 1 year in county jail and\/or\na maximum fine of $6,000.\nAs a\nfelony\n, child abuse carries:\n2, 4, or 6 years in jail and\/or\na maximum fine of $6,000.\n4\nMandatory reporters who fail to report face criminal charges in California.\nAdditional Resources\nIf you believe abuse is occurring or if you are a victim, refer to the following for help:\nCalifornia Department of Social Services (CDSS)\n– Instructions on how to report suspected child abuse.\nChild Protective Services (CPS) in California\n– Agency that investigates child abuse allegations and removes children from unsafe homes if necessary.\nChildhelp National Child Abuse Hotline\n– Instructions on how to report suspected child abuse.\nMandatory Reporter Training\n– Free training modules.\nAdult Protective Services (ADS)\n– Instructions on how to report suspected elder abuse.\nNational Domestic Violence Hotline\n– Instructions on how to report suspected domestic abuse.\nLegal References:\nCalifornia Penal Code 11165 PC\n. See also\nAB 391 (2023)\nre. how agencies which receive a child abuse report from a non-mandated reporter must request specified information from the person who made the report.\nCalifornia Penal Code 11165.9 PC\n.\nSee, for example, B.H. v. County of San Bernardino (2015), 62 Cal. 4th 168, 361 P.3d 319.\nCalifornia Penal Code 11166 PC\n. See, for example,\nMathews v. Becerra, (2019) 8 Cal. 5th 756, 455 P.3d 277\n.\nCalifornia Penal Code 11165.7 PC\n. See, for example,\nPeople v. Martinez (Cal.App. 2024)\n105 Cal. App. 5th 178\n.\nCalifornia Penal Code 11164\n(b) PC.\nCalifornia Penal Code 11165.2 PC\n. Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition.\nAssembly Bill No. 1775 (AB 1775)\n, Legislative Council’s Digest.\nCalifornia Penal Code 270 PC\n.\nCalifornia Penal Code 273 PC\n.","attrs_markdown":"- [Attorneys](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/attorneys\/)\n- [Crimes A-to-Z](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/)\n- [Crimes by Code Section](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/codes\/)\n- [DUI](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/dui\/)\n- [Post-Conviction](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/mandatory-reporting\/)\n- [Locations](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/locations\/california\/)\n\nCall or Message Us 24\/7\n\n[866-361-0010](tel:866-361-0010)\n\nCrimes by Code\n\nEvery crime in California is defined by a specific code section. Our attorneys explain the law, penalties and best defense strategies for every major crime in California.\n\n- [Business & Professions Code](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/business-professions-code\/)\n- [Health & Safety Code](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/health-and-safety-code\/)\n\n- [Penal Code](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/)\n- [Vehicle Code](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/vehicle-code\/)\n\nCalifornia DUI\n\nDUI arrests don't always lead to convictions in court. Police officer mistakes, faulty breathalyzers and crime lab errors may get your charges reduced or dismissed. Visit our California DUI page to learn more.\n\n[California DUI Laws A to Z](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/dui\/laws\/a-to-z\/)\n\nPopular Topics\n\n- [California DUI laws](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/dui\/laws\/court-process\/)\n- [Car insurance issues](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/dui\/laws\/car-insurance\/)\n- [DUI penalties](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/dui\/laws\/)\n\n- [Fighting a DUI case](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/dui\/defenses\/)\n- [License suspensions](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/dui\/laws\/license-suspension\/)\n- [Plea bargains to lesser charges](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/dui\/plea-bargains\/)\n\nPost Conviction\n\nA criminal record can affect job, immigration, licensing and even housing opportunities. In this section, we offer solutions for clearing up your prior record.\n\n- [Certificates of Rehabilitation](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/post-conviction\/certificate-of-rehabilitation\/)\n- [Destroy Arrest records](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/destroy-arrest-records\/)\n\n- [Early Termination of Probation](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/post-conviction\/early-termination-of-probation\/)\n- [Expungements](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/1203-4\/)\n\n![Shouse California Law Group](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=OTIxOjI0OQ==-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjUwIDY1IiB3aWR0aD0iMjUwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjY1IiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==)\n\n[Client reviews](https:\/\/birdeye.com\/shouse-law-group-144130712293164)\n\nCriminal Defense Division\n\n[Criminal Defense](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/ \"Criminal Defense\") » [Laws](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/ \"Laws\") » Mandated Reporter Law\n\n# “Mandated Reporters” in California – A 5-Minute Legal Guide\nWho are required \"Mandatory Reporters\" in California?\n\n[![Who are required \\&quot;Mandatory Reporters\\&quot; in California?](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fnj9apfJoUwE%2F0.jpg) Watch this video on YouTube](https:\/\/youtu.be\/nj9apfJoUwE)\n\nIn California, **mandated reporters** are teachers, social workers, clergy, doctors, and other professionals who are required to notify police or social services of alleged [abuse](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/273d\/) or [neglect](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/270\/) of a child under 18 years old.\n\nUnder California’s [Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA)](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&division=&title=1.&part=4.&chapter=2.&article=2.5), **mandatory reporters**must make an initial telephonic report as soon as practically possible. They then must make their written report within 36 hours of learning of – or suspecting – the child abuse and\/or neglect.\n\nThe report must include such information as:\n\n- the name, title, and contact information of the reporter,\n- the information that gave rise to the reporter’s reasonable suspicion of abuse,\n- the child’s name, address, present location, and school information,\n- the names and addresses of the parents or guardians, and\n- the name, address, and telephone number of the person(s) suspected of the abuse or neglect.\n\n![Graphic that shows common mandatory reporters for child abuse in California such as doctors, clergy, and teachers](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=OTYxOjY2MQ==-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTE5MSA5MjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMTkxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjkyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)\n\n**Mandatory reporters** who do not make a required report under CANRA face a [misdemeanor](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/misdemeanor\/) charge carrying:\n\n- up to 6 months in [county jail](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/jails\/) and\/or\n- a maximum fine of \\$1,000.\n\nHowever, if the abuse or neglect leads to death or [great bodily injury](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/12022-7\/), a willful failure to report carries an increased sentence of:\n\n- up to 1 year in county jail and\/or\n- a maximum fine of \\$5,000.\n\nA common defense to failure to report is that no reasonable person in the **mandatory reporter**‘s position would have suspected that child abuse or neglect occurred.\n\nIn this article, our [California criminal defense attorneys](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/) discuss the following topics re. **mandatory reporters**:\n\n- [Who must report?](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/mandatory-reporting\/#2)\n- [What is child abuse and neglect?](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/mandatory-reporting\/#4)\n- [Additional Resources](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/mandatory-reporting\/#6)\n## Who must report?\nCalifornia’s Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA) lists more than 50 different professionals who are required to report instances of actual or suspected abuse or neglect of a minor. Some of these include:\n\n- a teacher,\n- an instructional aide,\n- a teacher’s aide or teacher’s assistant employed by a public or private school,\n- certain school personnel such as a classified employee of a public school\n- an administrator or employee of a public or private youth center, youth recreation program or youth organization,\n- a Head Start program teacher,\n- a public assistance worker,\n- an employee of a daycare institution or community care facility,\n- an administrator of a public or private day camp,\n- a social worker, probation officer, or parole officer,\n- an employee of a school district police or security department,\n- a police officer at any local law enforcement agency,\n- peace officers,\n- employees of a protective service or law enforcement agency,\n- commercial film & photographic print processors,\n- a firefighter, except for volunteer firefighters,\n- healthcare workers such as a doctor\/physician and surgeon, nurse, psychiatrist, psychologist, dentist, resident, intern, chiropractor, mental health professionals, EMTs, and marriage and family therapist\/counselor,\n- paramedics,\n- foster parents,\n- medical examiners,\n- custodians for child care, elder care, or dependent care,\n- long-term healthcare facility employees,\n- a child visitation monitor, and\n- a clergy member, including a priest, minister, rabbi, and religious practitioner.\n\nMandatory reporters must report child abuse or neglect even if they learn of it outside of their professional capacity.\n\nFurthermore, mandatory reporters can*not* report anonymously. Though if the report turns out to be wrong, mandated reporters have immunity from criminal and civil liability under state law.\n\n(People who are not mandatory reporters can report abuse anonymously.)5\n\n![young boy resting his head on his hands after an incident of child abuse](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTAxMjozNzE=-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNTAwIDMzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjUwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMzQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PC9zdmc+)\n\nCANRA’s purpose is to promote child welfare and child abuse prevention.\n## What is child abuse and neglect?\nAs discussed below, what constitutes child abuse or neglect is laid out in both:\n\n- CANRA and\n- the California Penal Code.\n### Child Abuse and Neglect under CANRA\n“Child neglect” is the negligent treatment or the maltreatment of a minor (under 18) by a person responsible for their welfare. The includes both acts and omissions (failures to act) on the part of the responsible person.\n\n“Child abuse” is any form of cruelty to a minor’s physical, moral or mental well-being.\n\nSome examples of child abuse and neglect under CANRA include:\n\n- [sexual abuse](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/288\/),\n- emotional abuse,\n- [willful harming or injuring of a child](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/273a\/),\n- [production of child pornography](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/311\/),\n- unlawful corporal punishment,\n- domestic violence,\n- physical abuse of a child, and\n- death inflicted by other than accidental means.\n\nNote that in 2014, the California Legislature passed [Assembly Bill 1775](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1775). This law requires mandated reporters to report to the authorities if they know or suspect that someone has downloaded, streamed, or assessed any child pornography on the internet.2\n\n![child duct taped to wall while parent lounges on a sofa and drinks beer](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTAzNDozODc=-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNTAwIDMzMiIgd2lkdGg9IjUwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMzIiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PC9zdmc+)\n\nAny person – not just parents – can be guilty of child abuse.\n### Abuse and Neglect under California’s Penal Code\n#### Child Neglect\nPer California Penal Code 270 PC, child neglect occurs when the parent willfully and unlawfully fails to furnish their minor child necessary:\n\n- clothing,\n- food,\n- shelter,\n- medical attendance, or\n- other remedial care.\n\nA related section — [California Penal Code 270.1(a) PC](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/270-1\/) — makes it a crime for a parent to fail to monitor and enforce a child’s school attendance.\n\nViolating 270 PC or 270.1(a) PC is a misdemeanor, punishable by:\n\n- up to 1 year in county jail and\/or\n- a maximum fine of \\$2,000.3\n#### Child Abuse\nPer California Penal Code 273(d) PC, child abuse is imposing physical injury or cruel punishment on a minor. Examples include:\n\n- slapping a minor hard enough to leave a mark,\n- punching a teenage boy for staying out too late, and\n- hitting a minor with a belt harder than is reasonable in order to discipline her.\n\nChild abuse is a [wobbler](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/wobbler\/), meaning it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony. As a misdemeanor, child abuse carries:\n\n- up to 1 year in county jail and\/or\n- a maximum fine of \\$6,000.\n\nAs a [felony](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/felony\/), child abuse carries:\n\n- 2, 4, or 6 years in jail and\/or\n- a maximum fine of \\$6,000.4\n\n![man with his hands gripping the child's shoulders as the child holds her hand over her mouth in fear, against a grey background](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTA2ODo0MDI=-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNTAwIDMzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjUwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMzQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PC9zdmc+)\n\nMandatory reporters who fail to report face criminal charges in California.\n\n## Additional Resources\nIf you believe abuse is occurring or if you are a victim, refer to the following for help:\n\n- [California Department of Social Services (CDSS)](https:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/reporting\/report-abuse\/child-protective-services\/report-child-abuse) – Instructions on how to report suspected child abuse.\n- [Child Protective Services (CPS) in California](https:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/reporting\/report-abuse\/child-protective-services) – Agency that investigates child abuse allegations and removes children from unsafe homes if necessary.\n- [Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline](https:\/\/www.childhelphotline.org\/) – Instructions on how to report suspected child abuse.\n- [Mandatory Reporter Training](https:\/\/mandatedreporterca.com\/) – Free training modules.\n- [Adult Protective Services (ADS)](https:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/inforesources\/adult-protective-services) – Instructions on how to report suspected elder abuse.\n- [National Domestic Violence Hotline](https:\/\/www.thehotline.org\/) – Instructions on how to report suspected domestic abuse.\n***\n#### Legal References:\n1. [California Penal Code 11165 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.&nodeTreePath=7.1.3.5&lawCode=PEN). See also [AB 391 (2023)](https:\/\/legiscan.com\/CA\/text\/AB391\/id\/2844709) re. how agencies which receive a child abuse report from a non-mandated reporter must request specified information from the person who made the report. [California Penal Code 11165.9 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.9.&nodeTreePath=7.1.3.5&lawCode=PEN). See, for example, B.H. v. County of San Bernardino (2015), 62 Cal. 4th 168, 361 P.3d 319.  \n    [California Penal Code 11166 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11166.&lawCode=PEN). See, for example, [Mathews v. Becerra, (2019) 8 Cal. 5th 756, 455 P.3d 277](https:\/\/case-law.vlex.com\/vid\/mathews-v-becerra-s240156-892592544). [California Penal Code 11165.7 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.7.&nodeTreePath=7.1.3.5&lawCode=PEN). See, for example, [People v. Martinez (Cal.App. 2024) 105 Cal. App. 5th 178](https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_case?case=14136734087425601936&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr).\n2. [California Penal Code 11164](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11164.&lawCode=PEN)(b) PC. [California Penal Code 11165.2 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.2.&lawCode=PEN). Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition. [Assembly Bill No. 1775 (AB 1775)](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1775), Legislative Council’s Digest.\n3. [California Penal Code 270 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=270.).\n4. [California Penal Code 273 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=273.&lawCode=PEN).\n\n[42\\.3K Subscribers \\| 1.3K Videos](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCXTAY9DlvBqMEXh1paOdmOg)\n\nFeatured on\n\n![NBC](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODoyODA=-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNzggNzAiIHdpZHRoPSI3OCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI3MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) ![Fox News Channel](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODo0NDE=-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNzAgNzAiIHdpZHRoPSI3MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI3MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) ![ABC](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODo1ODQ=-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNzAgNzAiIHdpZHRoPSI3MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI3MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) ![CBS](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODo3MzI=-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTE3IDcwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTE3IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjcwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==) ![CNN](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODo4ODA=-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTE3IDcwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTE3IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjcwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==) ![Dr. Phil](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODoxMDMy-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgODAgNzAiIHdpZHRoPSI4MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI3MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) ![Court TV](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODoxMTg1-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTE3IDcwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTE3IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjcwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==) ![Avvo - Top Attorney](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODoxMzU4-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgODAgNzAiIHdpZHRoPSI4MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI3MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) ![Avvo - Clients Choice](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODoxNTM1-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgODAgNzAiIHdpZHRoPSI4MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI3MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) ![National Trial Lawyers: Top 100](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODoxNzM5-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNzAgNzAiIHdpZHRoPSI3MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI3MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) ![American Institute of Criminal Law Attorneys: 10 best 2015](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODoxOTg5-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNzAgNzAiIHdpZHRoPSI3MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI3MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) ![National Academy of Jurisprudence](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODoyMTky-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNzAgNzAiIHdpZHRoPSI3MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI3MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) ![NAFDD: DUI Attorney 2015](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODoyMzY5-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNzAgNzAiIHdpZHRoPSI3MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI3MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) ![Super Lawyers](data:image\/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTE2ODoyNTMy-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTE3IDcwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTE3IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjcwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==)\n\n## SHOUSE LAW GROUP\n4\\.9\n\n1004 reviews\n\nShouse Law Group has wonderful customer service. They were so pleasant and knowledgeable when I contacted them. Very helpful with any questions and concerns and I can't thank them enough for the experience I had. Definitely recommend\\!\n\nDee M.\n\nI cannot express enough gratitude for the outstanding legal support I received from Karthik Krishnan. From the very first consultation, it was clear that he is a top-tier, highly skilled professional who genuinely cares about his clients. His unparalleled honesty, transparency, and unwavering dedication made all the difference in my case.\n\nMu K.\n\nJohn Murray won my DMV hearing over a DUI charge I had pending and just recently won motion for military diversion against my charge. I highly recommend John, he is highly professional,motivated and competent. I walked into the courthouse with peace of mind only because I knew I had John in my corner. 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They then must make their written report within 36 hours of learning of – or suspecting – the child abuse and\/or neglect.\n\nThe report must include such information as:\n\n- the name, title, and contact information of the reporter,\n- the information that gave rise to the reporter’s reasonable suspicion of abuse,\n- the child’s name, address, present location, and school information,\n- the names and addresses of the parents or guardians, and\n- the name, address, and telephone number of the person(s) suspected of the abuse or neglect.\n\n![Graphic that shows common mandatory reporters for child abuse in California such as doctors, clergy, and teachers](https:\/\/cdn-apgml.nitrocdn.com\/LebpnhtoivqQZrhySxTgIGIqkErReVqW\/assets\/images\/optimized\/rev-c662f1b\/www.shouselaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/mandatory.png)\n\n**Mandatory reporters** who do not make a required report under CANRA face a [misdemeanor](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/misdemeanor\/) charge carrying:\n\n- up to 6 months in [county jail](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/jails\/) and\/or\n- a maximum fine of \\$1,000.\n\nHowever, if the abuse or neglect leads to death or [great bodily injury](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/12022-7\/), a willful failure to report carries an increased sentence of:\n\n- up to 1 year in county jail and\/or\n- a maximum fine of \\$5,000.\n\nA common defense to failure to report is that no reasonable person in the **mandatory reporter**‘s position would have suspected that child abuse or neglect occurred.\n\nIn this article, our [California criminal defense attorneys](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/) discuss the following topics re. **mandatory reporters**:\n\n- [Who must report?](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/mandatory-reporting\/#2)\n- [What is child abuse and neglect?](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/mandatory-reporting\/#4)\n- [Additional Resources](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/mandatory-reporting\/#6)\n## Who must report?\nCalifornia’s Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA) lists more than 50 different professionals who are required to report instances of actual or suspected abuse or neglect of a minor. Some of these include:\n\n- a teacher,\n- an instructional aide,\n- a teacher’s aide or teacher’s assistant employed by a public or private school,\n- certain school personnel such as a classified employee of a public school\n- an administrator or employee of a public or private youth center, youth recreation program or youth organization,\n- a Head Start program teacher,\n- a public assistance worker,\n- an employee of a daycare institution or community care facility,\n- an administrator of a public or private day camp,\n- a social worker, probation officer, or parole officer,\n- an employee of a school district police or security department,\n- a police officer at any local law enforcement agency,\n- peace officers,\n- employees of a protective service or law enforcement agency,\n- commercial film & photographic print processors,\n- a firefighter, except for volunteer firefighters,\n- healthcare workers such as a doctor\/physician and surgeon, nurse, psychiatrist, psychologist, dentist, resident, intern, chiropractor, mental health professionals, EMTs, and marriage and family therapist\/counselor,\n- paramedics,\n- foster parents,\n- medical examiners,\n- custodians for child care, elder care, or dependent care,\n- long-term healthcare facility employees,\n- a child visitation monitor, and\n- a clergy member, including a priest, minister, rabbi, and religious practitioner.\n\nMandatory reporters must report child abuse or neglect even if they learn of it outside of their professional capacity.\n\nFurthermore, mandatory reporters can*not* report anonymously. Though if the report turns out to be wrong, mandated reporters have immunity from criminal and civil liability under state law.\n\n(People who are not mandatory reporters can report abuse anonymously.)5\n\n![young boy resting his head on his hands after an incident of child abuse](https:\/\/cdn-apgml.nitrocdn.com\/LebpnhtoivqQZrhySxTgIGIqkErReVqW\/assets\/images\/optimized\/rev-c662f1b\/www.shouselaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/what-is-the-legal-definition-of-mandatory-reporting.jpg)\n\nCANRA’s purpose is to promote child welfare and child abuse prevention.\n## What is child abuse and neglect?\nAs discussed below, what constitutes child abuse or neglect is laid out in both:\n\n- CANRA and\n- the California Penal Code.\n### Child Abuse and Neglect under CANRA\n“Child neglect” is the negligent treatment or the maltreatment of a minor (under 18) by a person responsible for their welfare. The includes both acts and omissions (failures to act) on the part of the responsible person.\n\n“Child abuse” is any form of cruelty to a minor’s physical, moral or mental well-being.\n\nSome examples of child abuse and neglect under CANRA include:\n\n- [sexual abuse](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/288\/),\n- emotional abuse,\n- [willful harming or injuring of a child](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/273a\/),\n- [production of child pornography](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/311\/),\n- unlawful corporal punishment,\n- domestic violence,\n- physical abuse of a child, and\n- death inflicted by other than accidental means.\n\nNote that in 2014, the California Legislature passed [Assembly Bill 1775](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1775). This law requires mandated reporters to report to the authorities if they know or suspect that someone has downloaded, streamed, or assessed any child pornography on the internet.2\n\n![child duct taped to wall while parent lounges on a sofa and drinks beer](https:\/\/cdn-apgml.nitrocdn.com\/LebpnhtoivqQZrhySxTgIGIqkErReVqW\/assets\/images\/optimized\/rev-c662f1b\/www.shouselaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/californias-mandatory-reporting-law-of-child-abuse-and-child-neglect.jpg)\n\nAny person – not just parents – can be guilty of child abuse.\n### Abuse and Neglect under California’s Penal Code\n#### Child Neglect\nPer California Penal Code 270 PC, child neglect occurs when the parent willfully and unlawfully fails to furnish their minor child necessary:\n\n- clothing,\n- food,\n- shelter,\n- medical attendance, or\n- other remedial care.\n\nA related section — [California Penal Code 270.1(a) PC](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/penal-code\/270-1\/) — makes it a crime for a parent to fail to monitor and enforce a child’s school attendance.\n\nViolating 270 PC or 270.1(a) PC is a misdemeanor, punishable by:\n\n- up to 1 year in county jail and\/or\n- a maximum fine of \\$2,000.3\n#### Child Abuse\nPer California Penal Code 273(d) PC, child abuse is imposing physical injury or cruel punishment on a minor. Examples include:\n\n- slapping a minor hard enough to leave a mark,\n- punching a teenage boy for staying out too late, and\n- hitting a minor with a belt harder than is reasonable in order to discipline her.\n\nChild abuse is a [wobbler](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/wobbler\/), meaning it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony. As a misdemeanor, child abuse carries:\n\n- up to 1 year in county jail and\/or\n- a maximum fine of \\$6,000.\n\nAs a [felony](https:\/\/www.shouselaw.com\/ca\/defense\/laws\/felony\/), child abuse carries:\n\n- 2, 4, or 6 years in jail and\/or\n- a maximum fine of \\$6,000.4\n\n![man with his hands gripping the child's shoulders as the child holds her hand over her mouth in fear, against a grey background](https:\/\/cdn-apgml.nitrocdn.com\/LebpnhtoivqQZrhySxTgIGIqkErReVqW\/assets\/images\/optimized\/rev-c662f1b\/www.shouselaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/who-must-report-under-canra.jpg)\n\nMandatory reporters who fail to report face criminal charges in California.\n\n## Additional Resources\nIf you believe abuse is occurring or if you are a victim, refer to the following for help:\n\n- [California Department of Social Services (CDSS)](https:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/reporting\/report-abuse\/child-protective-services\/report-child-abuse) – Instructions on how to report suspected child abuse.\n- [Child Protective Services (CPS) in California](https:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/reporting\/report-abuse\/child-protective-services) – Agency that investigates child abuse allegations and removes children from unsafe homes if necessary.\n- [Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline](https:\/\/www.childhelphotline.org\/) – Instructions on how to report suspected child abuse.\n- [Mandatory Reporter Training](https:\/\/mandatedreporterca.com\/) – Free training modules.\n- [Adult Protective Services (ADS)](https:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/inforesources\/adult-protective-services) – Instructions on how to report suspected elder abuse.\n- [National Domestic Violence Hotline](https:\/\/www.thehotline.org\/) – Instructions on how to report suspected domestic abuse.\n***\n#### Legal References:\n1. [California Penal Code 11165 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.&nodeTreePath=7.1.3.5&lawCode=PEN). See also [AB 391 (2023)](https:\/\/legiscan.com\/CA\/text\/AB391\/id\/2844709) re. how agencies which receive a child abuse report from a non-mandated reporter must request specified information from the person who made the report. [California Penal Code 11165.9 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.9.&nodeTreePath=7.1.3.5&lawCode=PEN). See, for example, B.H. v. County of San Bernardino (2015), 62 Cal. 4th 168, 361 P.3d 319.  \n    [California Penal Code 11166 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11166.&lawCode=PEN). See, for example, [Mathews v. Becerra, (2019) 8 Cal. 5th 756, 455 P.3d 277](https:\/\/case-law.vlex.com\/vid\/mathews-v-becerra-s240156-892592544). [California Penal Code 11165.7 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.7.&nodeTreePath=7.1.3.5&lawCode=PEN). See, for example, [People v. Martinez (Cal.App. 2024) 105 Cal. App. 5th 178](https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_case?case=14136734087425601936&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr).\n2. [California Penal Code 11164](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11164.&lawCode=PEN)(b) PC. [California Penal Code 11165.2 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.2.&lawCode=PEN). Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition. [Assembly Bill No. 1775 (AB 1775)](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1775), Legislative Council’s Digest.\n3. [California Penal Code 270 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=270.).\n4. [California Penal Code 273 PC](https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=273.&lawCode=PEN).","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/mandatory-reporting/
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Meta Title	"Mandated Reporters" in California - A 5-Minute Legal Guide
Meta Description	In California, mandated reporters are teachers, social workers, and other professionals required to notify police/social services of abuse/neglect of a minor.
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Boilerpipe Text	In California, mandated reporters are teachers, social workers, clergy, doctors, and other professionals who are required to notify police or social services of alleged abuse or neglect of a child under 18 years old. Under California’s Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA) , mandatory reporters must make an initial telephonic report as soon as practically possible. They then must make their written report within 36 hours of learning of – or suspecting – the child abuse and/or neglect. The report must include such information as: the name, title, and contact information of the reporter, the information that gave rise to the reporter’s reasonable suspicion of abuse, the child’s name, address, present location, and school information, the names and addresses of the parents or guardians, and the name, address, and telephone number of the person(s) suspected of the abuse or neglect. Mandatory reporters who do not make a required report under CANRA face a misdemeanor charge carrying: up to 6 months in county jail and/or a maximum fine of $1,000. However, if the abuse or neglect leads to death or great bodily injury , a willful failure to report carries an increased sentence of: up to 1 year in county jail and/or a maximum fine of $5,000. A common defense to failure to report is that no reasonable person in the mandatory reporter ‘s position would have suspected that child abuse or neglect occurred. In this article, our California criminal defense attorneys discuss the following topics re. mandatory reporters : Who must report? What is child abuse and neglect? Additional Resources Who must report? California’s Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA) lists more than 50 different professionals who are required to report instances of actual or suspected abuse or neglect of a minor. Some of these include: a teacher, an instructional aide, a teacher’s aide or teacher’s assistant employed by a public or private school, certain school personnel such as a classified employee of a public school an administrator or employee of a public or private youth center, youth recreation program or youth organization, a Head Start program teacher, a public assistance worker, an employee of a daycare institution or community care facility, an administrator of a public or private day camp, a social worker, probation officer, or parole officer, an employee of a school district police or security department, a police officer at any local law enforcement agency, peace officers, employees of a protective service or law enforcement agency, commercial film & photographic print processors, a firefighter, except for volunteer firefighters, healthcare workers such as a doctor/physician and surgeon, nurse, psychiatrist, psychologist, dentist, resident, intern, chiropractor, mental health professionals, EMTs, and marriage and family therapist/counselor, paramedics, foster parents, medical examiners, custodians for child care, elder care, or dependent care, long-term healthcare facility employees, a child visitation monitor, and a clergy member, including a priest, minister, rabbi, and religious practitioner. Mandatory reporters must report child abuse or neglect even if they learn of it outside of their professional capacity. Furthermore, mandatory reporters can not report anonymously. Though if the report turns out to be wrong, mandated reporters have immunity from criminal and civil liability under state law. (People who are not mandatory reporters can report abuse anonymously.) 5 CANRA’s purpose is to promote child welfare and child abuse prevention. What is child abuse and neglect? As discussed below, what constitutes child abuse or neglect is laid out in both: CANRA and the California Penal Code. Child Abuse and Neglect under CANRA “Child neglect” is the negligent treatment or the maltreatment of a minor (under 18) by a person responsible for their welfare. The includes both acts and omissions (failures to act) on the part of the responsible person. “Child abuse” is any form of cruelty to a minor’s physical, moral or mental well-being. Some examples of child abuse and neglect under CANRA include: sexual abuse , emotional abuse, willful harming or injuring of a child , production of child pornography , unlawful corporal punishment, domestic violence, physical abuse of a child, and death inflicted by other than accidental means. Note that in 2014, the California Legislature passed Assembly Bill 1775 . This law requires mandated reporters to report to the authorities if they know or suspect that someone has downloaded, streamed, or assessed any child pornography on the internet. 2 Any person – not just parents – can be guilty of child abuse. Abuse and Neglect under California’s Penal Code Child Neglect Per California Penal Code 270 PC, child neglect occurs when the parent willfully and unlawfully fails to furnish their minor child necessary: clothing, food, shelter, medical attendance, or other remedial care. A related section — California Penal Code 270.1(a) PC — makes it a crime for a parent to fail to monitor and enforce a child’s school attendance. Violating 270 PC or 270.1(a) PC is a misdemeanor, punishable by: up to 1 year in county jail and/or a maximum fine of $2,000. 3 Child Abuse Per California Penal Code 273(d) PC, child abuse is imposing physical injury or cruel punishment on a minor. Examples include: slapping a minor hard enough to leave a mark, punching a teenage boy for staying out too late, and hitting a minor with a belt harder than is reasonable in order to discipline her. Child abuse is a wobbler , meaning it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony. As a misdemeanor, child abuse carries: up to 1 year in county jail and/or a maximum fine of $6,000. As a felony , child abuse carries: 2, 4, or 6 years in jail and/or a maximum fine of $6,000. 4 Mandatory reporters who fail to report face criminal charges in California. Additional Resources If you believe abuse is occurring or if you are a victim, refer to the following for help: California Department of Social Services (CDSS) – Instructions on how to report suspected child abuse. Child Protective Services (CPS) in California – Agency that investigates child abuse allegations and removes children from unsafe homes if necessary. Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline – Instructions on how to report suspected child abuse. Mandatory Reporter Training – Free training modules. Adult Protective Services (ADS) – Instructions on how to report suspected elder abuse. National Domestic Violence Hotline – Instructions on how to report suspected domestic abuse. Legal References: California Penal Code 11165 PC . See also AB 391 (2023) re. how agencies which receive a child abuse report from a non-mandated reporter must request specified information from the person who made the report. California Penal Code 11165.9 PC . See, for example, B.H. v. County of San Bernardino (2015), 62 Cal. 4th 168, 361 P.3d 319. California Penal Code 11166 PC . See, for example, Mathews v. Becerra, (2019) 8 Cal. 5th 756, 455 P.3d 277 . California Penal Code 11165.7 PC . See, for example, People v. Martinez (Cal.App. 2024) 105 Cal. App. 5th 178 . California Penal Code 11164 (b) PC. California Penal Code 11165.2 PC . Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition. Assembly Bill No. 1775 (AB 1775) , Legislative Council’s Digest. California Penal Code 270 PC . California Penal Code 273 PC .
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[![Who are required \"Mandatory Reporters\" in California?](https://www.shouselaw.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-youtube-lyte/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fnj9apfJoUwE%2F0.jpg) Watch this video on YouTube](https://youtu.be/nj9apfJoUwE) In California, mandated reporters are teachers, social workers, clergy, doctors, and other professionals who are required to notify police or social services of alleged [abuse](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/273d/) or [neglect](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/270/) of a child under 18 years old. Under California’s [Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&division=&title=1.&part=4.&chapter=2.&article=2.5), mandatory reportersmust make an initial telephonic report as soon as practically possible. They then must make their written report within 36 hours of learning of – or suspecting – the child abuse and/or neglect. The report must include such information as: - the name, title, and contact information of the reporter, - the information that gave rise to the reporter’s reasonable suspicion of abuse, - the child’s name, address, present location, and school information, - the names and addresses of the parents or guardians, and - the name, address, and telephone number of the person(s) suspected of the abuse or neglect. ![Graphic that shows common mandatory reporters for child abuse in California such as doctors, clergy, and teachers](data:image/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=OTYxOjY2MQ==-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTE5MSA5MjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMTkxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjkyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) Mandatory reporters who do not make a required report under CANRA face a [misdemeanor](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/misdemeanor/) charge carrying: - up to 6 months in [county jail](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/jails/) and/or - a maximum fine of \$1,000. However, if the abuse or neglect leads to death or [great bodily injury](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/12022-7/), a willful failure to report carries an increased sentence of: - up to 1 year in county jail and/or - a maximum fine of \$5,000. A common defense to failure to report is that no reasonable person in the mandatory reporter‘s position would have suspected that child abuse or neglect occurred. In this article, our [California criminal defense attorneys](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/) discuss the following topics re. mandatory reporters: - [Who must report?](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/mandatory-reporting/#2) - [What is child abuse and neglect?](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/mandatory-reporting/#4) - [Additional Resources](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/mandatory-reporting/#6) ## Who must report? California’s Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA) lists more than 50 different professionals who are required to report instances of actual or suspected abuse or neglect of a minor. Some of these include: - a teacher, - an instructional aide, - a teacher’s aide or teacher’s assistant employed by a public or private school, - certain school personnel such as a classified employee of a public school - an administrator or employee of a public or private youth center, youth recreation program or youth organization, - a Head Start program teacher, - a public assistance worker, - an employee of a daycare institution or community care facility, - an administrator of a public or private day camp, - a social worker, probation officer, or parole officer, - an employee of a school district police or security department, - a police officer at any local law enforcement agency, - peace officers, - employees of a protective service or law enforcement agency, - commercial film & photographic print processors, - a firefighter, except for volunteer firefighters, - healthcare workers such as a doctor/physician and surgeon, nurse, psychiatrist, psychologist, dentist, resident, intern, chiropractor, mental health professionals, EMTs, and marriage and family therapist/counselor, - paramedics, - foster parents, - medical examiners, - custodians for child care, elder care, or dependent care, - long-term healthcare facility employees, - a child visitation monitor, and - a clergy member, including a priest, minister, rabbi, and religious practitioner. Mandatory reporters must report child abuse or neglect even if they learn of it outside of their professional capacity. Furthermore, mandatory reporters cannot report anonymously. Though if the report turns out to be wrong, mandated reporters have immunity from criminal and civil liability under state law. (People who are not mandatory reporters can report abuse anonymously.)5 ![young boy resting his head on his hands after an incident of child abuse](data:image/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTAxMjozNzE=-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNTAwIDMzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjUwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMzQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PC9zdmc+) CANRA’s purpose is to promote child welfare and child abuse prevention. ## What is child abuse and neglect? As discussed below, what constitutes child abuse or neglect is laid out in both: - CANRA and - the California Penal Code. ### Child Abuse and Neglect under CANRA “Child neglect” is the negligent treatment or the maltreatment of a minor (under 18) by a person responsible for their welfare. The includes both acts and omissions (failures to act) on the part of the responsible person. “Child abuse” is any form of cruelty to a minor’s physical, moral or mental well-being. Some examples of child abuse and neglect under CANRA include: - [sexual abuse](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/288/), - emotional abuse, - [willful harming or injuring of a child](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/273a/), - [production of child pornography](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/311/), - unlawful corporal punishment, - domestic violence, - physical abuse of a child, and - death inflicted by other than accidental means. Note that in 2014, the California Legislature passed [Assembly Bill 1775](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1775). This law requires mandated reporters to report to the authorities if they know or suspect that someone has downloaded, streamed, or assessed any child pornography on the internet.2 ![child duct taped to wall while parent lounges on a sofa and drinks beer](data:image/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTAzNDozODc=-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNTAwIDMzMiIgd2lkdGg9IjUwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMzIiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PC9zdmc+) Any person – not just parents – can be guilty of child abuse. ### Abuse and Neglect under California’s Penal Code #### Child Neglect Per California Penal Code 270 PC, child neglect occurs when the parent willfully and unlawfully fails to furnish their minor child necessary: - clothing, - food, - shelter, - medical attendance, or - other remedial care. A related section — [California Penal Code 270.1(a) PC](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/270-1/) — makes it a crime for a parent to fail to monitor and enforce a child’s school attendance. Violating 270 PC or 270.1(a) PC is a misdemeanor, punishable by: - up to 1 year in county jail and/or - a maximum fine of \$2,000.3 #### Child Abuse Per California Penal Code 273(d) PC, child abuse is imposing physical injury or cruel punishment on a minor. Examples include: - slapping a minor hard enough to leave a mark, - punching a teenage boy for staying out too late, and - hitting a minor with a belt harder than is reasonable in order to discipline her. Child abuse is a [wobbler](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/wobbler/), meaning it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony. As a misdemeanor, child abuse carries: - up to 1 year in county jail and/or - a maximum fine of \$6,000. As a [felony](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/felony/), child abuse carries: - 2, 4, or 6 years in jail and/or - a maximum fine of \$6,000.4 ![man with his hands gripping the child's shoulders as the child holds her hand over her mouth in fear, against a grey background](data:image/svg+xml;nitro-empty-id=MTA2ODo0MDI=-1;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNTAwIDMzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjUwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMzQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PC9zdmc+) Mandatory reporters who fail to report face criminal charges in California. ## Additional Resources If you believe abuse is occurring or if you are a victim, refer to the following for help: - [California Department of Social Services (CDSS)](https://www.cdss.ca.gov/reporting/report-abuse/child-protective-services/report-child-abuse) – Instructions on how to report suspected child abuse. - [Child Protective Services (CPS) in California](https://www.cdss.ca.gov/reporting/report-abuse/child-protective-services) – Agency that investigates child abuse allegations and removes children from unsafe homes if necessary. - [Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline](https://www.childhelphotline.org/) – Instructions on how to report suspected child abuse. - [Mandatory Reporter Training](https://mandatedreporterca.com/) – Free training modules. - [Adult Protective Services (ADS)](https://www.cdss.ca.gov/inforesources/adult-protective-services) – Instructions on how to report suspected elder abuse. - [National Domestic Violence Hotline](https://www.thehotline.org/) – Instructions on how to report suspected domestic abuse. *** #### Legal References: 1. [California Penal Code 11165 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.&nodeTreePath=7.1.3.5&lawCode=PEN). See also [AB 391 (2023)](https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB391/id/2844709) re. how agencies which receive a child abuse report from a non-mandated reporter must request specified information from the person who made the report. [California Penal Code 11165.9 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.9.&nodeTreePath=7.1.3.5&lawCode=PEN). See, for example, B.H. v. County of San Bernardino (2015), 62 Cal. 4th 168, 361 P.3d 319. [California Penal Code 11166 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11166.&lawCode=PEN). See, for example, [Mathews v. Becerra, (2019) 8 Cal. 5th 756, 455 P.3d 277](https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/mathews-v-becerra-s240156-892592544). [California Penal Code 11165.7 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.7.&nodeTreePath=7.1.3.5&lawCode=PEN). See, for example, [People v. Martinez (Cal.App. 2024) 105 Cal. App. 5th 178](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14136734087425601936&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr). 2. [California Penal Code 11164](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11164.&lawCode=PEN)(b) PC. [California Penal Code 11165.2 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.2.&lawCode=PEN). Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition. [Assembly Bill No. 1775 (AB 1775)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1775), Legislative Council’s Digest. 3. [California Penal Code 270 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=270.). 4. [California Penal Code 273 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=273.&lawCode=PEN). 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Readable Markdown	In California, mandated reporters are teachers, social workers, clergy, doctors, and other professionals who are required to notify police or social services of alleged [abuse](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/273d/) or [neglect](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/270/) of a child under 18 years old. Under California’s [Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&division=&title=1.&part=4.&chapter=2.&article=2.5), mandatory reportersmust make an initial telephonic report as soon as practically possible. They then must make their written report within 36 hours of learning of – or suspecting – the child abuse and/or neglect. The report must include such information as: - the name, title, and contact information of the reporter, - the information that gave rise to the reporter’s reasonable suspicion of abuse, - the child’s name, address, present location, and school information, - the names and addresses of the parents or guardians, and - the name, address, and telephone number of the person(s) suspected of the abuse or neglect. ![Graphic that shows common mandatory reporters for child abuse in California such as doctors, clergy, and teachers](https://cdn-apgml.nitrocdn.com/LebpnhtoivqQZrhySxTgIGIqkErReVqW/assets/images/optimized/rev-c662f1b/www.shouselaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/mandatory.png) Mandatory reporters who do not make a required report under CANRA face a [misdemeanor](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/misdemeanor/) charge carrying: - up to 6 months in [county jail](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/jails/) and/or - a maximum fine of \$1,000. However, if the abuse or neglect leads to death or [great bodily injury](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/12022-7/), a willful failure to report carries an increased sentence of: - up to 1 year in county jail and/or - a maximum fine of \$5,000. A common defense to failure to report is that no reasonable person in the mandatory reporter‘s position would have suspected that child abuse or neglect occurred. In this article, our [California criminal defense attorneys](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/) discuss the following topics re. mandatory reporters: - [Who must report?](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/mandatory-reporting/#2) - [What is child abuse and neglect?](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/mandatory-reporting/#4) - [Additional Resources](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/mandatory-reporting/#6) ## Who must report? California’s Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA) lists more than 50 different professionals who are required to report instances of actual or suspected abuse or neglect of a minor. Some of these include: - a teacher, - an instructional aide, - a teacher’s aide or teacher’s assistant employed by a public or private school, - certain school personnel such as a classified employee of a public school - an administrator or employee of a public or private youth center, youth recreation program or youth organization, - a Head Start program teacher, - a public assistance worker, - an employee of a daycare institution or community care facility, - an administrator of a public or private day camp, - a social worker, probation officer, or parole officer, - an employee of a school district police or security department, - a police officer at any local law enforcement agency, - peace officers, - employees of a protective service or law enforcement agency, - commercial film & photographic print processors, - a firefighter, except for volunteer firefighters, - healthcare workers such as a doctor/physician and surgeon, nurse, psychiatrist, psychologist, dentist, resident, intern, chiropractor, mental health professionals, EMTs, and marriage and family therapist/counselor, - paramedics, - foster parents, - medical examiners, - custodians for child care, elder care, or dependent care, - long-term healthcare facility employees, - a child visitation monitor, and - a clergy member, including a priest, minister, rabbi, and religious practitioner. Mandatory reporters must report child abuse or neglect even if they learn of it outside of their professional capacity. Furthermore, mandatory reporters cannot report anonymously. Though if the report turns out to be wrong, mandated reporters have immunity from criminal and civil liability under state law. (People who are not mandatory reporters can report abuse anonymously.)5 ![young boy resting his head on his hands after an incident of child abuse](https://cdn-apgml.nitrocdn.com/LebpnhtoivqQZrhySxTgIGIqkErReVqW/assets/images/optimized/rev-c662f1b/www.shouselaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/what-is-the-legal-definition-of-mandatory-reporting.jpg) CANRA’s purpose is to promote child welfare and child abuse prevention. ## What is child abuse and neglect? As discussed below, what constitutes child abuse or neglect is laid out in both: - CANRA and - the California Penal Code. ### Child Abuse and Neglect under CANRA “Child neglect” is the negligent treatment or the maltreatment of a minor (under 18) by a person responsible for their welfare. The includes both acts and omissions (failures to act) on the part of the responsible person. “Child abuse” is any form of cruelty to a minor’s physical, moral or mental well-being. Some examples of child abuse and neglect under CANRA include: - [sexual abuse](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/288/), - emotional abuse, - [willful harming or injuring of a child](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/273a/), - [production of child pornography](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/311/), - unlawful corporal punishment, - domestic violence, - physical abuse of a child, and - death inflicted by other than accidental means. Note that in 2014, the California Legislature passed [Assembly Bill 1775](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1775). This law requires mandated reporters to report to the authorities if they know or suspect that someone has downloaded, streamed, or assessed any child pornography on the internet.2 ![child duct taped to wall while parent lounges on a sofa and drinks beer](https://cdn-apgml.nitrocdn.com/LebpnhtoivqQZrhySxTgIGIqkErReVqW/assets/images/optimized/rev-c662f1b/www.shouselaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/californias-mandatory-reporting-law-of-child-abuse-and-child-neglect.jpg) Any person – not just parents – can be guilty of child abuse. ### Abuse and Neglect under California’s Penal Code #### Child Neglect Per California Penal Code 270 PC, child neglect occurs when the parent willfully and unlawfully fails to furnish their minor child necessary: - clothing, - food, - shelter, - medical attendance, or - other remedial care. A related section — [California Penal Code 270.1(a) PC](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-code/270-1/) — makes it a crime for a parent to fail to monitor and enforce a child’s school attendance. Violating 270 PC or 270.1(a) PC is a misdemeanor, punishable by: - up to 1 year in county jail and/or - a maximum fine of \$2,000.3 #### Child Abuse Per California Penal Code 273(d) PC, child abuse is imposing physical injury or cruel punishment on a minor. Examples include: - slapping a minor hard enough to leave a mark, - punching a teenage boy for staying out too late, and - hitting a minor with a belt harder than is reasonable in order to discipline her. Child abuse is a [wobbler](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/wobbler/), meaning it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony. As a misdemeanor, child abuse carries: - up to 1 year in county jail and/or - a maximum fine of \$6,000. As a [felony](https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/laws/felony/), child abuse carries: - 2, 4, or 6 years in jail and/or - a maximum fine of \$6,000.4 ![man with his hands gripping the child's shoulders as the child holds her hand over her mouth in fear, against a grey background](https://cdn-apgml.nitrocdn.com/LebpnhtoivqQZrhySxTgIGIqkErReVqW/assets/images/optimized/rev-c662f1b/www.shouselaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/who-must-report-under-canra.jpg) Mandatory reporters who fail to report face criminal charges in California. ## Additional Resources If you believe abuse is occurring or if you are a victim, refer to the following for help: - [California Department of Social Services (CDSS)](https://www.cdss.ca.gov/reporting/report-abuse/child-protective-services/report-child-abuse) – Instructions on how to report suspected child abuse. - [Child Protective Services (CPS) in California](https://www.cdss.ca.gov/reporting/report-abuse/child-protective-services) – Agency that investigates child abuse allegations and removes children from unsafe homes if necessary. - [Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline](https://www.childhelphotline.org/) – Instructions on how to report suspected child abuse. - [Mandatory Reporter Training](https://mandatedreporterca.com/) – Free training modules. - [Adult Protective Services (ADS)](https://www.cdss.ca.gov/inforesources/adult-protective-services) – Instructions on how to report suspected elder abuse. - [National Domestic Violence Hotline](https://www.thehotline.org/) – Instructions on how to report suspected domestic abuse. *** #### Legal References: 1. [California Penal Code 11165 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.&nodeTreePath=7.1.3.5&lawCode=PEN). See also [AB 391 (2023)](https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB391/id/2844709) re. how agencies which receive a child abuse report from a non-mandated reporter must request specified information from the person who made the report. [California Penal Code 11165.9 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.9.&nodeTreePath=7.1.3.5&lawCode=PEN). See, for example, B.H. v. County of San Bernardino (2015), 62 Cal. 4th 168, 361 P.3d 319. [California Penal Code 11166 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11166.&lawCode=PEN). See, for example, [Mathews v. Becerra, (2019) 8 Cal. 5th 756, 455 P.3d 277](https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/mathews-v-becerra-s240156-892592544). [California Penal Code 11165.7 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.7.&nodeTreePath=7.1.3.5&lawCode=PEN). See, for example, [People v. Martinez (Cal.App. 2024) 105 Cal. App. 5th 178](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14136734087425601936&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr). 2. [California Penal Code 11164](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11164.&lawCode=PEN)(b) PC. [California Penal Code 11165.2 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=11165.2.&lawCode=PEN). Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition. [Assembly Bill No. 1775 (AB 1775)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1775), Legislative Council’s Digest. 3. [California Penal Code 270 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=270.). 4. [California Penal Code 273 PC](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=273.&lawCode=PEN).
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