🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 115 (from laksa142)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa115.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website","crawl_time":1775696997,"first_indexed_time":1655722036,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"net,sciflow!www,\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website s443","src_root_hash":"14196713683502152115","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"How to cite a website - in MLA, Harvard & APA","meta_descriptions":["Learn how to cite a website with examples for ✓MLA, ✓Harvard & ✓APA citation styles. Read our comprehensive guide now!"],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"When writing a scientific paper, sources from the Internet may be relevant in addition to the classic citation of printed material. You have to keep a few things in mind to ensure the accuracy of the reference. Printed sources should, in most cases, have a preference over digital sources due to the immutability of books and journals and the seriousness of the publications, which is sometimes easier to assess.\nTable of Contents:\nPracticing source criticism\nImportant tips for citing\nCiting videos on video platforms\nExamples for in-text and bibliography\nMLA\nHarvard\nAPA\nConclusion\nSource criticism is of particular importance\nBefore you can even start citing a digital source, it is essential to sift through the source. For scientific work, only references that are classified as\nvery reputable\nshould be used since the credibility of one's work is mainly dependent on the sources used. This applies to term papers, bachelor and doctoral theses, and other publications.\nTo assess whether the Internet source at hand is trustworthy, you should take a look at the following criteria:\nDoes the Internet site have an imprint?\nWhat sounds banal excludes the particularly unserious sources already at first sight. Anyone who does not include their real name in an imprint is unsuitable as a primary source in academic writing. You can use such sites as a springboard for researching other sources.\nDoes the website belong to a recognized organization?\nWebsites of universities, state institutes, recognized publishers, or professional journals are usually considered trustworthy. However, it should be noted here that print products also available as online publications should be cited from the print version. The only exception is if the online publication differs from the print version in essential points.\nIs there an identifiable author?\nThis point is essential both for formal source citation and for checking seriousness. If no author is indicated, a look at the imprint can help. Here it is often stated who is responsible for the website's content. However, a direct indication of the concrete publication is optimal.\nAre (good) sources also indicated in the potential source?\nBe it by linking or by a list of the sources used at the end of the text: Stating the origin of one's information is a good sign of a reputable source.\nIs the information content high and the content unique?\nHelpful texts do not always have to be suitable sources. Sometimes they are simply an aid or help in finding good primary sources.\nSciFlow formats your sources for you\nYou concentrate on writing. We do the formatting. Write easily and securely online with SciFlow's free text editor.\nImportant tips for citing internet sources\nOnce the decision has been made to cite a source, consider a few things when citing.\nThe following information is necessary for the citation:\nAuthor of the source\nIf you cannot find this information directly on the text (which may indicate a less reputable resource), you should see the name in the imprint.\nExample: Stefanie Andres\nTitle of the source\nIf there is no article title available, the page title can be used (however, this may also be an unkempt page with little meaningfulness).\nExample: \"How to cite a website: a comprehensive guide\"\nThe naming of the web page\nHere, once again, the nature of the source should be made clear by placing the words \"website\" or \"online\". The section where the reference text is placed should also be named for large websites with many sections.\nExample: Website of SciFlow GmbH\nPublication date\nThe publication date can be found on the article itself - especially for scientific and journalistic pieces. If the date is unavailable, the retrieval date is used in the quick reference, or it must be indicated as \"without date\".\nURL of the source\nThe URL must be given in its entirety and must not be shortened. When separating lines in the bibliography, pay attention to the hyphens within the domain. You should not insert hyphens to indicate a line break (this adds additional characters to the URL and thus distorts it). It would be best to place the hyphen in the middle of the word. Please do not put it at a point in the URL where a hyphen already exists, as this could lead to confusion among readers.\nExample: sciflow.net\/en\/citing\/how-to-cite-a-website\nDOI\nIf a\nDOI number\nis available, you can use it instead of or in addition to the URL. This information is not mandatory and can be omitted if not present.\nDate of the web page call\nSince content on web pages can change, it is essential to indicate the access date. The information should at least be accurate to the day; for websites with a high fluctuation and many updates (such as prominent online newspapers), a reference to the time can also be helpful.\nExample: 08.06.2022, 12:48 CEST\nTo have a good possibility for later proof of the content on a URL at retrieval, we recommend taking a screenshot of the page and saving it. This way, it is possible to react quickly to any inquiries. Internet directories, such as the\nWayback Machine\n, can also be helpful here.\nReferences should not be deposited as\nhyperlinks\n. This usually leads to color highlighting and underlining the URL, leading to irritations in the paper's print version. It is, therefore, better not to do this.\nHow to cite a website with no author\nShould it be necessary to quote a website without disclosure of the author, you can just cite the website without this information. This also applies if you can not find a publication date. You can substitute the authors name with the name of the organization responsible.\nCiting videos on video platforms\nThe above criteria for source criticism apply to the same extent. In addition to traditional text sources on the Internet, it is becoming increasingly common for videos on platforms such as YouTube or Vimeo to be used to investigate particular issues. Mostly, the theses of the work then revolve around questions about the medium and media use itself. As a rough guideline: You can use videos very well to prove which statements were made on a specific topic, for example, how many views there were at one particular time, or simply as an example of one specific type of video presentation. On the other hand, less suitable are explanatory videos in which complex scientific topics are presented. Here you should always seek out the primary sources and use them.\nWhen citing longer videos, you can directly include the time marker in the URL to which your citation refers. This way, all future readers can easily understand where your quote comes from. The quotation specifies the creator, the year of publication, and the exact time.\nAn example in APA style:\n\"She does a lot of weird things with her voice.\" (Tristan Paredes, 2022, 02:58).\nIn the\nbibliography\n, you will add more information:\nTristan Paredes. (2022, June 5th). Vocal Coach Reacts to Kate Bush - Running Up That Hill (Stranger Things) [video]. YouTube. https:\/\/youtu.be\/A8bXBHO4nB8\nInternet sources in text and bibliography - a few examples\nOnce you have evaluated the sources in terms of their seriousness and gathered all the information, you must quote the obtained facts correctly. As examples, we list the most common citation methods. We want to point out that there can be slight deviations from the standard at each institute, so we recommend a short inquiry in advance.\nHow to cite a website in MLA citation style\nAs an example I picked an article out of our collection. Here you can see the in-text citation in MLA style:\nTo not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022).\nIn the bibliography it will look like this:\nAndres, Stefanie. \"Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds\".\nSciFlow\n, 5th of June 2022, https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bibliography.\nHow to cite a website in Harvard citation style\nOnly an abbreviation is referenced in the text in the Harvard citation style, found in the bibliography as a full citation.\nTo not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022).\nIn the bibliography, the following citation can then be found:\nAndres, S. (2022): ‘Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds’. Available at: https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bibliography (Accessed: 20 June 2022).\nHow to cite a website in APA citation style\nIn APA citation, likewise, only a brief reference is given in the body text, the associated source citation of which can then be found in the bibliography.\nTo not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022).\nIn the bibliography:\nAndres, S. (2022):\nBibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds\nSciFlow. https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bibliography.\nStart writing now for free\nRegister now with your email address at SciFlow - the text editor for scientific writing. You can concentrate on the content, and we will do the formatting.\nConclusion: this is how citing sources from the Internet works\nIn summary, these are the most critical points:\nInternet sources should remain the exception and give priority to print products.\nEspecially on the Internet, you have to check sources for reliability.\nYou must not forget to state the date of retrieval. Otherwise, the reader cannot trace the contained content.\nThis information must not be missing under (almost) any circumstances: Author, headline, web page description, URL, retrieval date, publication date.\nThe citation format depends, as always, on the citation style.","attrs_markdown":"[*star\\_rate*Integrate SciFlow for OJS - Join the Waitlist*open\\_in\\_new*](https:\/\/ojs.page.sciflow.net\/ \"webinar\")\n\n[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#manContainer)\n\n[**For Universities and Institutions**SciFlow Authoring Platform](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/sciflow-authoring-platform \"For Universities and Institutions\")\n\n[**For Publishers and University Presses**SciFlow Publish](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/sciflow-publish \"For Publishers and University Presses\")\n\n[Pricing](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/pricing \"Pricing\")\n\n[**Templates**Find a journal or thesis template](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/all\/templates \"Templates\")\n\n[**Webinars**Learn how to use SciFlow](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/webinars \"Webinars\")\n\n[**Masterclasses 2023**Writing & Publishing simplified](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/events\/master-classes-2023 \"Masterclasses 2023\")\n\n[**Case Studies & Brochures**How SciFlow improves academic writing](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/case-studies \"Case Studies & Brochures\")\n\n[**Help Center**Get useful insights on how to write your publication](https:\/\/support.sciflow.net\/en\/ \"Help Center\")\n\n[About us](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/about-us \"About us\")\n\nSciFlow for\n***\n- [Universities & Institutions](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/sciflow-authoring-platform \"Universities & Institutions\")\n- [Publishers](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/sciflow-publish \"Publishers\")\n\nResources\n***\n- [Pricing](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/pricing)\n- [Templates](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/all\/templates \"Templates\")\n- [Webinars](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/webinars \"Webinars\")\n- [Masterclasses 2023](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/events\/master-classes-2023 \"Masterclasses 2023\")\n- [Case Studies](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/case-studies)\n- [Help Center](https:\/\/support.sciflow.net\/)\n\nSciFlow GmbH\n***\n- [About us](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/about-us)\n- [Press](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/press)\n- [Contact](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/about-us#contact)\n\nNews\n\n[Change Tracking in SciFlow](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/change-tracking-in-sciflow)[KIT Scientific Publishing and SciFlow launch a pilot project to digitize and automate publishing workflows](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/pilot-project-kit-sciflow)[SciFlow and Grounded AI Announces Integration](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/press-release-grounded-ai)\n\nTool tips\n\n[Mendeley - Manage references & cite easily](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/mendeley)[Zotero - easily manage & use references](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/zotero)[Introduce SciFlow at your institution](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/onboarding-sciflow)\n\nCorrect citation\n\n[Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bibliography)[How to cite a website: learn the basics & see examples](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website)\n\nWriting\n\n[Online Text Editor - for easy, collaborative work](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/online-text-editor)[Bachelor thesis - how to write it with ease](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bachelor-thesis)\n\nPublishing\n\n[Diamond Open Access: Benefits, Challenges, and Technology](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/diamond-open-access)[JATS-XML: The Emerging Standard in Academic Publishing for Everyone?](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/jats-xml-explained)[Barrierefreiheit - Sind Ihre Publikationen bereit?](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/barrierefreiheit)[Accessibility – Are your publications ready?](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/accessibility-check)\n\n[![SciFlow logo lettering](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/bundles\/assets\/images\/sf-logo_full.svg)](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/ \"Home\")\n\n[SignupStart writing now](https:\/\/connect.sciflow.net\/session\/welcome?utm_campaign=startpage&utm_medium=website&utm_source=menu&action=form&referer=menu \"Signup\")\n\n[SignupStart writing now](https:\/\/connect.sciflow.net\/session\/welcome?utm_campaign=startpage&utm_medium=website&utm_source=menu&action=form&referer=menu \"Signup\")\n\n[Launch app](https:\/\/app.sciflow.net\/ \"Launch app\")[Log out](https:\/\/connect.sciflow.net\/session\/logout?return=https:\/\/www.sciflow.net \"Log out\")\n\nPhoto by Christin Hume on Unsplash\n\n# How to cite a website: learn the basics & see examples\n\nWhen writing a scientific paper, sources from the Internet may be relevant in addition to the classic citation of printed material. You have to keep a few things in mind to ensure the accuracy of the reference. Printed sources should, in most cases, have a preference over digital sources due to the immutability of books and journals and the seriousness of the publications, which is sometimes easier to assess.\n\n**Table of Contents:**\n\n- [Practicing source criticism](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_6692552146911655713459618)\n- [Important tips for citing](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_9590898909291655713494614)\n- [Citing videos on video platforms](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_93926299011981655713509580)\n- [Examples for in-text and bibliography](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_89575684013411655713560171)\n  - [MLA](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_40997880714601655713572389)\n  - [Harvard](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_42763918716201655713585397)\n  - [APA](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_3414457217481655713594408)\n- [Conclusion](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_4083831518791655713603360)\n## Source criticism is of particular importance\nBefore you can even start citing a digital source, it is essential to sift through the source. For scientific work, only references that are classified as **very reputable** should be used since the credibility of one's work is mainly dependent on the sources used. This applies to term papers, bachelor and doctoral theses, and other publications.\n\nTo assess whether the Internet source at hand is trustworthy, you should take a look at the following criteria:\n\n- **Does the Internet site have an imprint?**\n  What sounds banal excludes the particularly unserious sources already at first sight. Anyone who does not include their real name in an imprint is unsuitable as a primary source in academic writing. You can use such sites as a springboard for researching other sources.\n- **Does the website belong to a recognized organization?**\n  Websites of universities, state institutes, recognized publishers, or professional journals are usually considered trustworthy. However, it should be noted here that print products also available as online publications should be cited from the print version. The only exception is if the online publication differs from the print version in essential points.\n- **Is there an identifiable author?**\n  This point is essential both for formal source citation and for checking seriousness. If no author is indicated, a look at the imprint can help. Here it is often stated who is responsible for the website's content. However, a direct indication of the concrete publication is optimal.\n- **Are (good) sources also indicated in the potential source?**\n  Be it by linking or by a list of the sources used at the end of the text: Stating the origin of one's information is a good sign of a reputable source.\n- **Is the information content high and the content unique?**\n  Helpful texts do not always have to be suitable sources. Sometimes they are simply an aid or help in finding good primary sources.\n\nSciFlow formats your sources for you\n\nYou concentrate on writing. We do the formatting. Write easily and securely online with SciFlow's free text editor.\n## Important tips for citing internet sources\nOnce the decision has been made to cite a source, consider a few things when citing.\n\nThe following information is necessary for the citation:\n\n- **Author of the source**\n  If you cannot find this information directly on the text (which may indicate a less reputable resource), you should see the name in the imprint.   \n  *Example: Stefanie Andres*\n- **Title of the source**\n  If there is no article title available, the page title can be used (however, this may also be an unkempt page with little meaningfulness).   \n  *Example: \"How to cite a website: a comprehensive guide\"*\n- **The naming of the web page**\n  Here, once again, the nature of the source should be made clear by placing the words \"website\" or \"online\". The section where the reference text is placed should also be named for large websites with many sections.   \n  *Example: Website of SciFlow GmbH*\n- **Publication date**\n  The publication date can be found on the article itself - especially for scientific and journalistic pieces. If the date is unavailable, the retrieval date is used in the quick reference, or it must be indicated as \"without date\".\n- **URL of the source**\n  The URL must be given in its entirety and must not be shortened. When separating lines in the bibliography, pay attention to the hyphens within the domain. You should not insert hyphens to indicate a line break (this adds additional characters to the URL and thus distorts it). It would be best to place the hyphen in the middle of the word. Please do not put it at a point in the URL where a hyphen already exists, as this could lead to confusion among readers.  \n  *Example: sciflow.net\/en\/citing\/how-to-cite-a-website*\n- **DOI**\n  If a [DOI number](https:\/\/www.doi.org\/) is available, you can use it instead of or in addition to the URL. This information is not mandatory and can be omitted if not present.\n- **Date of the web page call**\n  Since content on web pages can change, it is essential to indicate the access date. The information should at least be accurate to the day; for websites with a high fluctuation and many updates (such as prominent online newspapers), a reference to the time can also be helpful.   \n  *Example: 08.06.2022, 12:48 CEST*\n\nTo have a good possibility for later proof of the content on a URL at retrieval, we recommend taking a screenshot of the page and saving it. This way, it is possible to react quickly to any inquiries. Internet directories, such as the [Wayback Machine](http:\/\/web.archive.org\/), can also be helpful here.\n\nReferences should not be deposited as [hyperlinks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyperlink). This usually leads to color highlighting and underlining the URL, leading to irritations in the paper's print version. It is, therefore, better not to do this.\n\n## How to cite a website with no author\nShould it be necessary to quote a website without disclosure of the author, you can just cite the website without this information. This also applies if you can not find a publication date. You can substitute the authors name with the name of the organization responsible.\n\n## Citing videos on video platforms\nThe above criteria for source criticism apply to the same extent. In addition to traditional text sources on the Internet, it is becoming increasingly common for videos on platforms such as YouTube or Vimeo to be used to investigate particular issues. Mostly, the theses of the work then revolve around questions about the medium and media use itself. As a rough guideline: You can use videos very well to prove which statements were made on a specific topic, for example, how many views there were at one particular time, or simply as an example of one specific type of video presentation. On the other hand, less suitable are explanatory videos in which complex scientific topics are presented. Here you should always seek out the primary sources and use them.\n\nWhen citing longer videos, you can directly include the time marker in the URL to which your citation refers. This way, all future readers can easily understand where your quote comes from. The quotation specifies the creator, the year of publication, and the exact time.\n\n**An example in APA style:**\n\n> \"She does a lot of weird things with her voice.\" (Tristan Paredes, 2022, 02:58).\n\nIn the **bibliography**, you will add more information:\n\n> Tristan Paredes. (2022, June 5th). Vocal Coach Reacts to Kate Bush - Running Up That Hill (Stranger Things) \\[video\\]. YouTube. https:\/\/youtu.be\/A8bXBHO4nB8\n## Internet sources in text and bibliography - a few examples\nOnce you have evaluated the sources in terms of their seriousness and gathered all the information, you must quote the obtained facts correctly. As examples, we list the most common citation methods. We want to point out that there can be slight deviations from the standard at each institute, so we recommend a short inquiry in advance.\n\n### How to cite a website in MLA citation style\nAs an example I picked an article out of our collection. Here you can see the in-text citation in MLA style:\n\n> To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022).\n\nIn the bibliography it will look like this:\n\n> Andres, Stefanie. \"Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds\". *SciFlow*, 5th of June 2022, https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bibliography.\n### How to cite a website in Harvard citation style\nOnly an abbreviation is referenced in the text in the Harvard citation style, found in the bibliography as a full citation.\n\n> To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022).\n\nIn the bibliography, the following citation can then be found:\n\n> Andres, S. (2022): ‘Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds’. Available at: https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bibliography (Accessed: 20 June 2022).\n### How to cite a website in APA citation style\nIn APA citation, likewise, only a brief reference is given in the body text, the associated source citation of which can then be found in the bibliography.\n\n> To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022).\n\nIn the bibliography:\n\n> Andres, S. (2022): *Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds* SciFlow. https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bibliography.\n\nStart writing now for free\n\nRegister now with your email address at SciFlow - the text editor for scientific writing. You can concentrate on the content, and we will do the formatting.\n## Conclusion: this is how citing sources from the Internet works\nIn summary, these are the most critical points:\n\n- Internet sources should remain the exception and give priority to print products.\n- Especially on the Internet, you have to check sources for reliability.\n- You must not forget to state the date of retrieval. Otherwise, the reader cannot trace the contained content.\n- This information must not be missing under (almost) any circumstances: Author, headline, web page description, URL, retrieval date, publication date.\n- The citation format depends, as always, on the citation style.\n\n# Free online text editor for academia\n![SciFlow app](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/bundles\/assets\/images\/sf-editor2.svg)[Start writing now it's free](https:\/\/connect.sciflow.net\/session\/welcome?utm_campaign=en%2Fcorrect-citation%2Fhow-to-cite-a-website&utm_medium=website&utm_source=cta_sidebarp&action=form&referer=article)\n\nNo installation needed - just log in and try it out.\n\nRead more\n\n[Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bibliography)\n\n[Online Text Editor - for easy, collaborative work](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/online-text-editor)\n\n[Bachelor thesis - how to write it with ease](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bachelor-thesis)\n\n## Read more\n[Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bibliography)\n\n[Online Text Editor - for easy, collaborative work](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/online-text-editor)\n\n[Bachelor thesis - how to write it with ease](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bachelor-thesis)\n\nSciFlow GmbH\n***\n- [About us](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/about-us \"About us\")\n- [Press](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/press \"Press\")\n- [Contact](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/about-us#contact \"Contact\")\n- [Job offer](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/career\/frontend-engineer \"Job offer\")\n- [Privacy](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/privacy \"Privacy\")\n- [Imprint](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/imprint \"Imprint\")\n\nProducts\n***\n- [Pricing](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/pricing \"Pricing\")\n- [Students](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/sciflow-free-students \"Students\")\n- [Researchers](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/sciflow-free-researchers \"Researchers\")\n- [Universities & Institutions](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/sciflow-authoring-platform \"Universities & Institutions\")\n- [Publishers](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/sciflow-publish \"Publishers\")\n\nResources\n***\n- [Templates](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/all\/templates \"Templates\")\n- [Webinars](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/webinars \"Webinars\")\n- [Masterclasses 2023](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/events\/master-classes-2023 \"Masterclasses 2023\")\n- [Case Studies](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/case-studies \"Case Studies\")\n- [Help Center](https:\/\/support.sciflow.net\/ \"Help Center\")\n- [FAQ](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/faq \"FAQ\")\n- [Blog](https:\/\/blog.sciflow.net\/ \"Blog\")\n\nOptions\n***\n- [![Language icon](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/bundles\/assets\/images\/language.svg)German](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/richtig-zitieren\/internetquellen-zitieren)\n- [![Cookie settings](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/bundles\/assets\/images\/cookie.svg)Manage Cookies](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website)","attrs_readable_markdown":"When writing a scientific paper, sources from the Internet may be relevant in addition to the classic citation of printed material. You have to keep a few things in mind to ensure the accuracy of the reference. Printed sources should, in most cases, have a preference over digital sources due to the immutability of books and journals and the seriousness of the publications, which is sometimes easier to assess.\n\n**Table of Contents:**\n\n- [Practicing source criticism](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_6692552146911655713459618)\n- [Important tips for citing](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_9590898909291655713494614)\n- [Citing videos on video platforms](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_93926299011981655713509580)\n- [Examples for in-text and bibliography](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_89575684013411655713560171)\n  - [MLA](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_40997880714601655713572389)\n  - [Harvard](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_42763918716201655713585397)\n  - [APA](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_3414457217481655713594408)\n- [Conclusion](https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/correct-citation\/how-to-cite-a-website#h_4083831518791655713603360)\n## Source criticism is of particular importance\nBefore you can even start citing a digital source, it is essential to sift through the source. For scientific work, only references that are classified as **very reputable** should be used since the credibility of one's work is mainly dependent on the sources used. This applies to term papers, bachelor and doctoral theses, and other publications.\n\nTo assess whether the Internet source at hand is trustworthy, you should take a look at the following criteria:\n\n- **Does the Internet site have an imprint?**\n  What sounds banal excludes the particularly unserious sources already at first sight. Anyone who does not include their real name in an imprint is unsuitable as a primary source in academic writing. You can use such sites as a springboard for researching other sources.\n- **Does the website belong to a recognized organization?**\n  Websites of universities, state institutes, recognized publishers, or professional journals are usually considered trustworthy. However, it should be noted here that print products also available as online publications should be cited from the print version. The only exception is if the online publication differs from the print version in essential points.\n- **Is there an identifiable author?**\n  This point is essential both for formal source citation and for checking seriousness. If no author is indicated, a look at the imprint can help. Here it is often stated who is responsible for the website's content. However, a direct indication of the concrete publication is optimal.\n- **Are (good) sources also indicated in the potential source?**\n  Be it by linking or by a list of the sources used at the end of the text: Stating the origin of one's information is a good sign of a reputable source.\n- **Is the information content high and the content unique?**\n  Helpful texts do not always have to be suitable sources. Sometimes they are simply an aid or help in finding good primary sources.\n\nSciFlow formats your sources for you\n\nYou concentrate on writing. We do the formatting. Write easily and securely online with SciFlow's free text editor.\n## Important tips for citing internet sources\nOnce the decision has been made to cite a source, consider a few things when citing.\n\nThe following information is necessary for the citation:\n\n- **Author of the source**\n  If you cannot find this information directly on the text (which may indicate a less reputable resource), you should see the name in the imprint.   \n  *Example: Stefanie Andres*\n- **Title of the source**\n  If there is no article title available, the page title can be used (however, this may also be an unkempt page with little meaningfulness).   \n  *Example: \"How to cite a website: a comprehensive guide\"*\n- **The naming of the web page**\n  Here, once again, the nature of the source should be made clear by placing the words \"website\" or \"online\". The section where the reference text is placed should also be named for large websites with many sections.   \n  *Example: Website of SciFlow GmbH*\n- **Publication date**\n  The publication date can be found on the article itself - especially for scientific and journalistic pieces. If the date is unavailable, the retrieval date is used in the quick reference, or it must be indicated as \"without date\".\n- **URL of the source**\n  The URL must be given in its entirety and must not be shortened. When separating lines in the bibliography, pay attention to the hyphens within the domain. You should not insert hyphens to indicate a line break (this adds additional characters to the URL and thus distorts it). It would be best to place the hyphen in the middle of the word. Please do not put it at a point in the URL where a hyphen already exists, as this could lead to confusion among readers.  \n  *Example: sciflow.net\/en\/citing\/how-to-cite-a-website*\n- **DOI**\n  If a [DOI number](https:\/\/www.doi.org\/) is available, you can use it instead of or in addition to the URL. This information is not mandatory and can be omitted if not present.\n- **Date of the web page call**\n  Since content on web pages can change, it is essential to indicate the access date. The information should at least be accurate to the day; for websites with a high fluctuation and many updates (such as prominent online newspapers), a reference to the time can also be helpful.   \n  *Example: 08.06.2022, 12:48 CEST*\n\nTo have a good possibility for later proof of the content on a URL at retrieval, we recommend taking a screenshot of the page and saving it. This way, it is possible to react quickly to any inquiries. Internet directories, such as the [Wayback Machine](http:\/\/web.archive.org\/), can also be helpful here.\n\nReferences should not be deposited as [hyperlinks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyperlink). This usually leads to color highlighting and underlining the URL, leading to irritations in the paper's print version. It is, therefore, better not to do this.\n\n## How to cite a website with no author\nShould it be necessary to quote a website without disclosure of the author, you can just cite the website without this information. This also applies if you can not find a publication date. You can substitute the authors name with the name of the organization responsible.\n\n## Citing videos on video platforms\nThe above criteria for source criticism apply to the same extent. In addition to traditional text sources on the Internet, it is becoming increasingly common for videos on platforms such as YouTube or Vimeo to be used to investigate particular issues. Mostly, the theses of the work then revolve around questions about the medium and media use itself. As a rough guideline: You can use videos very well to prove which statements were made on a specific topic, for example, how many views there were at one particular time, or simply as an example of one specific type of video presentation. On the other hand, less suitable are explanatory videos in which complex scientific topics are presented. Here you should always seek out the primary sources and use them.\n\nWhen citing longer videos, you can directly include the time marker in the URL to which your citation refers. This way, all future readers can easily understand where your quote comes from. The quotation specifies the creator, the year of publication, and the exact time.\n\n**An example in APA style:**\n\n> \"She does a lot of weird things with her voice.\" (Tristan Paredes, 2022, 02:58).\n\nIn the **bibliography**, you will add more information:\n\n> Tristan Paredes. (2022, June 5th). Vocal Coach Reacts to Kate Bush - Running Up That Hill (Stranger Things) \\[video\\]. YouTube. https:\/\/youtu.be\/A8bXBHO4nB8\n## Internet sources in text and bibliography - a few examples\nOnce you have evaluated the sources in terms of their seriousness and gathered all the information, you must quote the obtained facts correctly. As examples, we list the most common citation methods. We want to point out that there can be slight deviations from the standard at each institute, so we recommend a short inquiry in advance.\n\n### How to cite a website in MLA citation style\nAs an example I picked an article out of our collection. Here you can see the in-text citation in MLA style:\n\n> To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022).\n\nIn the bibliography it will look like this:\n\n> Andres, Stefanie. \"Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds\". *SciFlow*, 5th of June 2022, https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bibliography.\n### How to cite a website in Harvard citation style\nOnly an abbreviation is referenced in the text in the Harvard citation style, found in the bibliography as a full citation.\n\n> To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022).\n\nIn the bibliography, the following citation can then be found:\n\n> Andres, S. (2022): ‘Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds’. Available at: https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bibliography (Accessed: 20 June 2022).\n### How to cite a website in APA citation style\nIn APA citation, likewise, only a brief reference is given in the body text, the associated source citation of which can then be found in the bibliography.\n\n> To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022).\n\nIn the bibliography:\n\n> Andres, S. (2022): *Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds* SciFlow. https:\/\/www.sciflow.net\/en\/bibliography.\n\nStart writing now for free\n\nRegister now with your email address at SciFlow - the text editor for scientific writing. You can concentrate on the content, and we will do the formatting.\n## Conclusion: this is how citing sources from the Internet works\nIn summary, these are the most critical points:\n\n- Internet sources should remain the exception and give priority to print products.\n- Especially on the Internet, you have to check sources for reliability.\n- You must not forget to state the date of retrieval. Otherwise, the reader cannot trace the contained content.\n- This information must not be missing under (almost) any circumstances: Author, headline, web page description, URL, retrieval date, publication date.\n- The citation format depends, as always, on the citation style.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	When writing a scientific paper, sources from the Internet may be relevant in addition to the classic citation of printed material. You have to keep a few things in mind to ensure the accuracy of the reference. Printed sources should, in most cases, have a preference over digital sources due to the immutability of books and journals and the seriousness of the publications, which is sometimes easier to assess. Table of Contents: Practicing source criticism Important tips for citing Citing videos on video platforms Examples for in-text and bibliography MLA Harvard APA Conclusion Source criticism is of particular importance Before you can even start citing a digital source, it is essential to sift through the source. For scientific work, only references that are classified as very reputable should be used since the credibility of one's work is mainly dependent on the sources used. This applies to term papers, bachelor and doctoral theses, and other publications. To assess whether the Internet source at hand is trustworthy, you should take a look at the following criteria: Does the Internet site have an imprint? What sounds banal excludes the particularly unserious sources already at first sight. Anyone who does not include their real name in an imprint is unsuitable as a primary source in academic writing. You can use such sites as a springboard for researching other sources. Does the website belong to a recognized organization? Websites of universities, state institutes, recognized publishers, or professional journals are usually considered trustworthy. However, it should be noted here that print products also available as online publications should be cited from the print version. The only exception is if the online publication differs from the print version in essential points. Is there an identifiable author? This point is essential both for formal source citation and for checking seriousness. If no author is indicated, a look at the imprint can help. Here it is often stated who is responsible for the website's content. However, a direct indication of the concrete publication is optimal. Are (good) sources also indicated in the potential source? Be it by linking or by a list of the sources used at the end of the text: Stating the origin of one's information is a good sign of a reputable source. Is the information content high and the content unique? Helpful texts do not always have to be suitable sources. Sometimes they are simply an aid or help in finding good primary sources. SciFlow formats your sources for you You concentrate on writing. We do the formatting. Write easily and securely online with SciFlow's free text editor. Important tips for citing internet sources Once the decision has been made to cite a source, consider a few things when citing. The following information is necessary for the citation: Author of the source If you cannot find this information directly on the text (which may indicate a less reputable resource), you should see the name in the imprint. Example: Stefanie Andres Title of the source If there is no article title available, the page title can be used (however, this may also be an unkempt page with little meaningfulness). Example: "How to cite a website: a comprehensive guide" The naming of the web page Here, once again, the nature of the source should be made clear by placing the words "website" or "online". The section where the reference text is placed should also be named for large websites with many sections. Example: Website of SciFlow GmbH Publication date The publication date can be found on the article itself - especially for scientific and journalistic pieces. If the date is unavailable, the retrieval date is used in the quick reference, or it must be indicated as "without date". URL of the source The URL must be given in its entirety and must not be shortened. When separating lines in the bibliography, pay attention to the hyphens within the domain. You should not insert hyphens to indicate a line break (this adds additional characters to the URL and thus distorts it). It would be best to place the hyphen in the middle of the word. Please do not put it at a point in the URL where a hyphen already exists, as this could lead to confusion among readers. Example: sciflow.net/en/citing/how-to-cite-a-website DOI If a DOI number is available, you can use it instead of or in addition to the URL. This information is not mandatory and can be omitted if not present. Date of the web page call Since content on web pages can change, it is essential to indicate the access date. The information should at least be accurate to the day; for websites with a high fluctuation and many updates (such as prominent online newspapers), a reference to the time can also be helpful. Example: 08.06.2022, 12:48 CEST To have a good possibility for later proof of the content on a URL at retrieval, we recommend taking a screenshot of the page and saving it. This way, it is possible to react quickly to any inquiries. Internet directories, such as the Wayback Machine , can also be helpful here. References should not be deposited as hyperlinks . This usually leads to color highlighting and underlining the URL, leading to irritations in the paper's print version. It is, therefore, better not to do this. How to cite a website with no author Should it be necessary to quote a website without disclosure of the author, you can just cite the website without this information. This also applies if you can not find a publication date. You can substitute the authors name with the name of the organization responsible. Citing videos on video platforms The above criteria for source criticism apply to the same extent. In addition to traditional text sources on the Internet, it is becoming increasingly common for videos on platforms such as YouTube or Vimeo to be used to investigate particular issues. Mostly, the theses of the work then revolve around questions about the medium and media use itself. As a rough guideline: You can use videos very well to prove which statements were made on a specific topic, for example, how many views there were at one particular time, or simply as an example of one specific type of video presentation. On the other hand, less suitable are explanatory videos in which complex scientific topics are presented. Here you should always seek out the primary sources and use them. When citing longer videos, you can directly include the time marker in the URL to which your citation refers. This way, all future readers can easily understand where your quote comes from. The quotation specifies the creator, the year of publication, and the exact time. An example in APA style: "She does a lot of weird things with her voice." (Tristan Paredes, 2022, 02:58). In the bibliography , you will add more information: Tristan Paredes. (2022, June 5th). Vocal Coach Reacts to Kate Bush - Running Up That Hill (Stranger Things) [video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/A8bXBHO4nB8 Internet sources in text and bibliography - a few examples Once you have evaluated the sources in terms of their seriousness and gathered all the information, you must quote the obtained facts correctly. As examples, we list the most common citation methods. We want to point out that there can be slight deviations from the standard at each institute, so we recommend a short inquiry in advance. How to cite a website in MLA citation style As an example I picked an article out of our collection. Here you can see the in-text citation in MLA style: To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022). In the bibliography it will look like this: Andres, Stefanie. "Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds". SciFlow , 5th of June 2022, https://www.sciflow.net/en/bibliography. How to cite a website in Harvard citation style Only an abbreviation is referenced in the text in the Harvard citation style, found in the bibliography as a full citation. To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022). In the bibliography, the following citation can then be found: Andres, S. (2022): ‘Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds’. Available at: https://www.sciflow.net/en/bibliography (Accessed: 20 June 2022). How to cite a website in APA citation style In APA citation, likewise, only a brief reference is given in the body text, the associated source citation of which can then be found in the bibliography. To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022). In the bibliography: Andres, S. (2022): Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds SciFlow. https://www.sciflow.net/en/bibliography. Start writing now for free Register now with your email address at SciFlow - the text editor for scientific writing. You can concentrate on the content, and we will do the formatting. Conclusion: this is how citing sources from the Internet works In summary, these are the most critical points: Internet sources should remain the exception and give priority to print products. Especially on the Internet, you have to check sources for reliability. You must not forget to state the date of retrieval. Otherwise, the reader cannot trace the contained content. This information must not be missing under (almost) any circumstances: Author, headline, web page description, URL, retrieval date, publication date. The citation format depends, as always, on the citation style.
Markdown	[star\_rateIntegrate SciFlow for OJS - Join the Waitlistopen\_in\_new](https://ojs.page.sciflow.net/ "webinar") [Skip to content](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#manContainer) [For Universities and InstitutionsSciFlow Authoring Platform](https://www.sciflow.net/en/sciflow-authoring-platform "For Universities and Institutions") [For Publishers and University PressesSciFlow Publish](https://www.sciflow.net/en/sciflow-publish "For Publishers and University Presses") [Pricing](https://www.sciflow.net/en/pricing "Pricing") [TemplatesFind a journal or thesis template](https://www.sciflow.net/en/all/templates "Templates") [WebinarsLearn how to use SciFlow](https://www.sciflow.net/en/webinars "Webinars") [Masterclasses 2023Writing & Publishing simplified](https://www.sciflow.net/en/events/master-classes-2023 "Masterclasses 2023") [Case Studies & BrochuresHow SciFlow improves academic writing](https://www.sciflow.net/en/case-studies "Case Studies & Brochures") [Help CenterGet useful insights on how to write your publication](https://support.sciflow.net/en/ "Help Center") [About us](https://www.sciflow.net/en/about-us "About us") SciFlow for * - [Universities & Institutions](https://www.sciflow.net/en/sciflow-authoring-platform "Universities & Institutions") - [Publishers](https://www.sciflow.net/en/sciflow-publish "Publishers") Resources * - [Pricing](https://www.sciflow.net/en/pricing) - [Templates](https://www.sciflow.net/en/all/templates "Templates") - [Webinars](https://www.sciflow.net/en/webinars "Webinars") - [Masterclasses 2023](https://www.sciflow.net/en/events/master-classes-2023 "Masterclasses 2023") - [Case Studies](https://www.sciflow.net/en/case-studies) - [Help Center](https://support.sciflow.net/) SciFlow GmbH * - [About us](https://www.sciflow.net/en/about-us) - [Press](https://www.sciflow.net/en/press) - [Contact](https://www.sciflow.net/en/about-us#contact) News [Change Tracking in SciFlow](https://www.sciflow.net/en/change-tracking-in-sciflow)[KIT Scientific Publishing and SciFlow launch a pilot project to digitize and automate publishing workflows](https://www.sciflow.net/pilot-project-kit-sciflow)[SciFlow and Grounded AI Announces Integration](https://www.sciflow.net/press-release-grounded-ai) Tool tips [Mendeley - Manage references & cite easily](https://www.sciflow.net/en/mendeley)[Zotero - easily manage & use references](https://www.sciflow.net/en/zotero)[Introduce SciFlow at your institution](https://www.sciflow.net/en/onboarding-sciflow) Correct citation [Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds](https://www.sciflow.net/en/bibliography)[How to cite a website: learn the basics & see examples](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website) Writing [Online Text Editor - for easy, collaborative work](https://www.sciflow.net/en/online-text-editor)[Bachelor thesis - how to write it with ease](https://www.sciflow.net/en/bachelor-thesis) Publishing [Diamond Open Access: Benefits, Challenges, and Technology](https://www.sciflow.net/en/diamond-open-access)[JATS-XML: The Emerging Standard in Academic Publishing for Everyone?](https://www.sciflow.net/en/jats-xml-explained)[Barrierefreiheit - Sind Ihre Publikationen bereit?](https://www.sciflow.net/barrierefreiheit)[Accessibility – Are your publications ready?](https://www.sciflow.net/accessibility-check) [![SciFlow logo lettering](https://www.sciflow.net/bundles/assets/images/sf-logo_full.svg)](https://www.sciflow.net/en/ "Home") [SignupStart writing now](https://connect.sciflow.net/session/welcome?utm_campaign=startpage&utm_medium=website&utm_source=menu&action=form&referer=menu "Signup") [SignupStart writing now](https://connect.sciflow.net/session/welcome?utm_campaign=startpage&utm_medium=website&utm_source=menu&action=form&referer=menu "Signup") [Launch app](https://app.sciflow.net/ "Launch app")[Log out](https://connect.sciflow.net/session/logout?return=https://www.sciflow.net "Log out") Photo by Christin Hume on Unsplash # How to cite a website: learn the basics & see examples When writing a scientific paper, sources from the Internet may be relevant in addition to the classic citation of printed material. You have to keep a few things in mind to ensure the accuracy of the reference. Printed sources should, in most cases, have a preference over digital sources due to the immutability of books and journals and the seriousness of the publications, which is sometimes easier to assess. Table of Contents: - [Practicing source criticism](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_6692552146911655713459618) - [Important tips for citing](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_9590898909291655713494614) - [Citing videos on video platforms](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_93926299011981655713509580) - [Examples for in-text and bibliography](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_89575684013411655713560171) - [MLA](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_40997880714601655713572389) - [Harvard](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_42763918716201655713585397) - [APA](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_3414457217481655713594408) - [Conclusion](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_4083831518791655713603360) ## Source criticism is of particular importance Before you can even start citing a digital source, it is essential to sift through the source. For scientific work, only references that are classified as very reputable should be used since the credibility of one's work is mainly dependent on the sources used. This applies to term papers, bachelor and doctoral theses, and other publications. To assess whether the Internet source at hand is trustworthy, you should take a look at the following criteria: - Does the Internet site have an imprint? What sounds banal excludes the particularly unserious sources already at first sight. Anyone who does not include their real name in an imprint is unsuitable as a primary source in academic writing. You can use such sites as a springboard for researching other sources. - Does the website belong to a recognized organization? Websites of universities, state institutes, recognized publishers, or professional journals are usually considered trustworthy. However, it should be noted here that print products also available as online publications should be cited from the print version. The only exception is if the online publication differs from the print version in essential points. - Is there an identifiable author? This point is essential both for formal source citation and for checking seriousness. If no author is indicated, a look at the imprint can help. Here it is often stated who is responsible for the website's content. However, a direct indication of the concrete publication is optimal. - Are (good) sources also indicated in the potential source? Be it by linking or by a list of the sources used at the end of the text: Stating the origin of one's information is a good sign of a reputable source. - Is the information content high and the content unique? Helpful texts do not always have to be suitable sources. Sometimes they are simply an aid or help in finding good primary sources. SciFlow formats your sources for you You concentrate on writing. We do the formatting. Write easily and securely online with SciFlow's free text editor. ## Important tips for citing internet sources Once the decision has been made to cite a source, consider a few things when citing. The following information is necessary for the citation: - Author of the source** If you cannot find this information directly on the text (which may indicate a less reputable resource), you should see the name in the imprint. Example: Stefanie Andres - Title of the source If there is no article title available, the page title can be used (however, this may also be an unkempt page with little meaningfulness). Example: "How to cite a website: a comprehensive guide" - The naming of the web page Here, once again, the nature of the source should be made clear by placing the words "website" or "online". The section where the reference text is placed should also be named for large websites with many sections. Example: Website of SciFlow GmbH - Publication date The publication date can be found on the article itself - especially for scientific and journalistic pieces. If the date is unavailable, the retrieval date is used in the quick reference, or it must be indicated as "without date". - URL of the source The URL must be given in its entirety and must not be shortened. When separating lines in the bibliography, pay attention to the hyphens within the domain. You should not insert hyphens to indicate a line break (this adds additional characters to the URL and thus distorts it). It would be best to place the hyphen in the middle of the word. Please do not put it at a point in the URL where a hyphen already exists, as this could lead to confusion among readers. Example: sciflow.net/en/citing/how-to-cite-a-website - DOI If a [DOI number](https://www.doi.org/) is available, you can use it instead of or in addition to the URL. This information is not mandatory and can be omitted if not present. - Date of the web page call Since content on web pages can change, it is essential to indicate the access date. The information should at least be accurate to the day; for websites with a high fluctuation and many updates (such as prominent online newspapers), a reference to the time can also be helpful. Example: 08.06.2022, 12:48 CEST To have a good possibility for later proof of the content on a URL at retrieval, we recommend taking a screenshot of the page and saving it. This way, it is possible to react quickly to any inquiries. Internet directories, such as the [Wayback Machine](http://web.archive.org/), can also be helpful here. References should not be deposited as [hyperlinks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink). This usually leads to color highlighting and underlining the URL, leading to irritations in the paper's print version. It is, therefore, better not to do this. ## How to cite a website with no author Should it be necessary to quote a website without disclosure of the author, you can just cite the website without this information. This also applies if you can not find a publication date. You can substitute the authors name with the name of the organization responsible. ## Citing videos on video platforms The above criteria for source criticism apply to the same extent. In addition to traditional text sources on the Internet, it is becoming increasingly common for videos on platforms such as YouTube or Vimeo to be used to investigate particular issues. Mostly, the theses of the work then revolve around questions about the medium and media use itself. As a rough guideline: You can use videos very well to prove which statements were made on a specific topic, for example, how many views there were at one particular time, or simply as an example of one specific type of video presentation. On the other hand, less suitable are explanatory videos in which complex scientific topics are presented. Here you should always seek out the primary sources and use them. When citing longer videos, you can directly include the time marker in the URL to which your citation refers. This way, all future readers can easily understand where your quote comes from. The quotation specifies the creator, the year of publication, and the exact time. An example in APA style: > "She does a lot of weird things with her voice." (Tristan Paredes, 2022, 02:58). In the bibliography, you will add more information: > Tristan Paredes. (2022, June 5th). Vocal Coach Reacts to Kate Bush - Running Up That Hill (Stranger Things) \[video\]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/A8bXBHO4nB8 ## Internet sources in text and bibliography - a few examples Once you have evaluated the sources in terms of their seriousness and gathered all the information, you must quote the obtained facts correctly. As examples, we list the most common citation methods. We want to point out that there can be slight deviations from the standard at each institute, so we recommend a short inquiry in advance. ### How to cite a website in MLA citation style As an example I picked an article out of our collection. Here you can see the in-text citation in MLA style: > To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022). In the bibliography it will look like this: > Andres, Stefanie. "Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds". SciFlow, 5th of June 2022, https://www.sciflow.net/en/bibliography. ### How to cite a website in Harvard citation style Only an abbreviation is referenced in the text in the Harvard citation style, found in the bibliography as a full citation. > To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022). In the bibliography, the following citation can then be found: > Andres, S. (2022): ‘Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds’. Available at: https://www.sciflow.net/en/bibliography (Accessed: 20 June 2022). ### How to cite a website in APA citation style In APA citation, likewise, only a brief reference is given in the body text, the associated source citation of which can then be found in the bibliography. > To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022). In the bibliography: > Andres, S. (2022): Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds SciFlow. https://www.sciflow.net/en/bibliography. Start writing now for free Register now with your email address at SciFlow - the text editor for scientific writing. You can concentrate on the content, and we will do the formatting. ## Conclusion: this is how citing sources from the Internet works In summary, these are the most critical points: - Internet sources should remain the exception and give priority to print products. - Especially on the Internet, you have to check sources for reliability. - You must not forget to state the date of retrieval. Otherwise, the reader cannot trace the contained content. - This information must not be missing under (almost) any circumstances: Author, headline, web page description, URL, retrieval date, publication date. - The citation format depends, as always, on the citation style. # Free online text editor for academia ![SciFlow app](https://www.sciflow.net/bundles/assets/images/sf-editor2.svg)[Start writing now it's free](https://connect.sciflow.net/session/welcome?utm_campaign=en%2Fcorrect-citation%2Fhow-to-cite-a-website&utm_medium=website&utm_source=cta_sidebarp&action=form&referer=article) No installation needed - just log in and try it out. 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Readable Markdown	When writing a scientific paper, sources from the Internet may be relevant in addition to the classic citation of printed material. You have to keep a few things in mind to ensure the accuracy of the reference. Printed sources should, in most cases, have a preference over digital sources due to the immutability of books and journals and the seriousness of the publications, which is sometimes easier to assess. Table of Contents: - [Practicing source criticism](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_6692552146911655713459618) - [Important tips for citing](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_9590898909291655713494614) - [Citing videos on video platforms](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_93926299011981655713509580) - [Examples for in-text and bibliography](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_89575684013411655713560171) - [MLA](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_40997880714601655713572389) - [Harvard](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_42763918716201655713585397) - [APA](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_3414457217481655713594408) - [Conclusion](https://www.sciflow.net/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website#h_4083831518791655713603360) ## Source criticism is of particular importance Before you can even start citing a digital source, it is essential to sift through the source. For scientific work, only references that are classified as very reputable should be used since the credibility of one's work is mainly dependent on the sources used. This applies to term papers, bachelor and doctoral theses, and other publications. To assess whether the Internet source at hand is trustworthy, you should take a look at the following criteria: - Does the Internet site have an imprint? What sounds banal excludes the particularly unserious sources already at first sight. Anyone who does not include their real name in an imprint is unsuitable as a primary source in academic writing. You can use such sites as a springboard for researching other sources. - Does the website belong to a recognized organization? Websites of universities, state institutes, recognized publishers, or professional journals are usually considered trustworthy. However, it should be noted here that print products also available as online publications should be cited from the print version. The only exception is if the online publication differs from the print version in essential points. - Is there an identifiable author? This point is essential both for formal source citation and for checking seriousness. If no author is indicated, a look at the imprint can help. Here it is often stated who is responsible for the website's content. However, a direct indication of the concrete publication is optimal. - Are (good) sources also indicated in the potential source? Be it by linking or by a list of the sources used at the end of the text: Stating the origin of one's information is a good sign of a reputable source. - Is the information content high and the content unique? Helpful texts do not always have to be suitable sources. Sometimes they are simply an aid or help in finding good primary sources. SciFlow formats your sources for you You concentrate on writing. We do the formatting. Write easily and securely online with SciFlow's free text editor. ## Important tips for citing internet sources Once the decision has been made to cite a source, consider a few things when citing. The following information is necessary for the citation: - Author of the source If you cannot find this information directly on the text (which may indicate a less reputable resource), you should see the name in the imprint. Example: Stefanie Andres - Title of the source If there is no article title available, the page title can be used (however, this may also be an unkempt page with little meaningfulness). Example: "How to cite a website: a comprehensive guide" - The naming of the web page Here, once again, the nature of the source should be made clear by placing the words "website" or "online". The section where the reference text is placed should also be named for large websites with many sections. Example: Website of SciFlow GmbH - Publication date The publication date can be found on the article itself - especially for scientific and journalistic pieces. If the date is unavailable, the retrieval date is used in the quick reference, or it must be indicated as "without date". - URL of the source The URL must be given in its entirety and must not be shortened. When separating lines in the bibliography, pay attention to the hyphens within the domain. You should not insert hyphens to indicate a line break (this adds additional characters to the URL and thus distorts it). It would be best to place the hyphen in the middle of the word. Please do not put it at a point in the URL where a hyphen already exists, as this could lead to confusion among readers. Example: sciflow.net/en/citing/how-to-cite-a-website - DOI If a [DOI number](https://www.doi.org/) is available, you can use it instead of or in addition to the URL. This information is not mandatory and can be omitted if not present. - Date of the web page call Since content on web pages can change, it is essential to indicate the access date. The information should at least be accurate to the day; for websites with a high fluctuation and many updates (such as prominent online newspapers), a reference to the time can also be helpful. Example: 08.06.2022, 12:48 CEST To have a good possibility for later proof of the content on a URL at retrieval, we recommend taking a screenshot of the page and saving it. This way, it is possible to react quickly to any inquiries. Internet directories, such as the [Wayback Machine](http://web.archive.org/), can also be helpful here. References should not be deposited as [hyperlinks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink). This usually leads to color highlighting and underlining the URL, leading to irritations in the paper's print version. It is, therefore, better not to do this. ## How to cite a website with no author Should it be necessary to quote a website without disclosure of the author, you can just cite the website without this information. This also applies if you can not find a publication date. You can substitute the authors name with the name of the organization responsible. ## Citing videos on video platforms The above criteria for source criticism apply to the same extent. In addition to traditional text sources on the Internet, it is becoming increasingly common for videos on platforms such as YouTube or Vimeo to be used to investigate particular issues. Mostly, the theses of the work then revolve around questions about the medium and media use itself. As a rough guideline: You can use videos very well to prove which statements were made on a specific topic, for example, how many views there were at one particular time, or simply as an example of one specific type of video presentation. On the other hand, less suitable are explanatory videos in which complex scientific topics are presented. Here you should always seek out the primary sources and use them. When citing longer videos, you can directly include the time marker in the URL to which your citation refers. This way, all future readers can easily understand where your quote comes from. The quotation specifies the creator, the year of publication, and the exact time. An example in APA style: > "She does a lot of weird things with her voice." (Tristan Paredes, 2022, 02:58). In the bibliography, you will add more information: > Tristan Paredes. (2022, June 5th). Vocal Coach Reacts to Kate Bush - Running Up That Hill (Stranger Things) \[video\]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/A8bXBHO4nB8 ## Internet sources in text and bibliography - a few examples Once you have evaluated the sources in terms of their seriousness and gathered all the information, you must quote the obtained facts correctly. As examples, we list the most common citation methods. We want to point out that there can be slight deviations from the standard at each institute, so we recommend a short inquiry in advance. ### How to cite a website in MLA citation style As an example I picked an article out of our collection. Here you can see the in-text citation in MLA style: > To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022). In the bibliography it will look like this: > Andres, Stefanie. "Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds". SciFlow, 5th of June 2022, https://www.sciflow.net/en/bibliography. ### How to cite a website in Harvard citation style Only an abbreviation is referenced in the text in the Harvard citation style, found in the bibliography as a full citation. > To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022). In the bibliography, the following citation can then be found: > Andres, S. (2022): ‘Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds’. Available at: https://www.sciflow.net/en/bibliography (Accessed: 20 June 2022). ### How to cite a website in APA citation style In APA citation, likewise, only a brief reference is given in the body text, the associated source citation of which can then be found in the bibliography. > To not lose track of the many sources that arise in research, a literature management program can be helpful. (Andres, 2022). In the bibliography: > Andres, S. (2022): Bibliography - how your scientific source list succeeds SciFlow. https://www.sciflow.net/en/bibliography. Start writing now for free Register now with your email address at SciFlow - the text editor for scientific writing. You can concentrate on the content, and we will do the formatting. ## Conclusion: this is how citing sources from the Internet works In summary, these are the most critical points: - Internet sources should remain the exception and give priority to print products. - Especially on the Internet, you have to check sources for reliability. - You must not forget to state the date of retrieval. Otherwise, the reader cannot trace the contained content. - This information must not be missing under (almost) any circumstances: Author, headline, web page description, URL, retrieval date, publication date. - The citation format depends, as always, on the citation style.
Shard	115 (laksa)
Root Hash	14196713683502152115
Unparsed URL	net,sciflow!www,/en/correct-citation/how-to-cite-a-website s443