🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 160 (from laksa145)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa160.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm","crawl_time":1773779888,"first_indexed_time":1455618539,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,sciencedaily!www,\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm s443","src_root_hash":"9815798517118690960","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Kicking or punching during sleep may be caused by smoking, head injury and pesticide use | ScienceDaily","meta_descriptions":["Smoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, farming and less education may be risk factors for a rare sleep disorder that causes people to kick or punch during sleep, according to a new study."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Smoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, farming and less education may be risk factors for a rare sleep disorder that causes people to kick or punch during sleep, according to a study published in the June 27, 2012, online issue of\nNeurology\n®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.\nPeople with the disorder, called REM sleep behavior disorder, do not have the normal lack of muscle tone that occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, causing them to act out their dreams. The movements can sometimes be violent, causing injury to the person or their bed partner. The disorder is estimated to occur in 0.5 percent of adults.\n\"Until now, we didn't know much about the risk factors for this disorder, except that it was more common in men and in older people,\" said study author Ronald B. Postuma, MD, MSc, with the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) in Montreal and a member of the American Academy of Neurology. \"Because it is a rare disorder, it was difficult to gather information about enough patients for a full study. For this study, we worked with 13 institutions in 10 countries to get a full picture of the disorder.\"\nThe disorder can also be a precursor to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and a type of dementia. Studies have shown that more than 50 percent of people with REM sleep behavior disorder go on to develop a neurodegenerative disorder years or even decades later.\n\"Due to this connection, we wanted to investigate whether the risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder were similar to those for Parkinson's disease or dementia,\" Postuma said.\nThe results were mixed. While smoking has found to be a protective factor for Parkinson's disease, people who smoked were found to be more likely to develop REM sleep behavior disorder. Pesticide use, on the other hand, is a risk factor for both disorders. Studies have shown that people who drink coffee are less likely to develop Parkinson's, but this study found no relationship between coffee drinking and REM sleep behavior disorder.\nFor the study, 347 people with REM sleep behavior disorder were compared to 347 people who did not have the disorder. Of those, 218 had other sleep disorders and 129 had no sleep disorders.\nThose with REM sleep behavior disorder were 43 percent more likely to be smokers, with 64 percent of those with the disorder having ever smoked, compared to 56 percent of those without the disorder. They were 59 percent more likely to have had a previous head injury with loss of consciousness, 67 percent more likely to have worked as farmers, and more than twice as likely to have been exposed to pesticides through work. Those with the disorder also had fewer years of education, with an average of 11.1 years, compared to 12.7 years for those without the disorder.\nThe study was supported by the FRSQ, the Fonds de Recherche du Québec -- Santé.","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm#main)\n\n[![ScienceDaily](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/images\/sd-logo.png)](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/ \"ScienceDaily\")\n***\nYour source for the latest research news\n\n[Follow:](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm) [*Facebook*](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sciencedaily) [*X\/Twitter*](https:\/\/twitter.com\/sciencedaily) [Subscribe:](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm) [*RSS Feeds*](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/newsfeeds.htm) [*Newsletter*](https:\/\/sciencedaily.substack.com\/)\n\n**New\\!** Sign up for our free **[email newsletter](https:\/\/sciencedaily.substack.com\/)**.\n\nScience News\n\nfrom research organizations\n***\n# Kicking or punching during sleep may be caused by smoking, head injury and pesticide use\nDate:\n\nJune 28, 2012\n\nSource:\n\nAmerican Academy of Neurology (AAN)\n\nSummary:\n\nSmoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, farming and less education may be risk factors for a rare sleep disorder that causes people to kick or punch during sleep, according to a new study.\n\nShare:\n\n[Facebook](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm) [Twitter](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm) [Pinterest](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm) [LinkedIN](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm) [Email](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm)\n\nFULL STORY\n***\nSmoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, farming and less education may be risk factors for a rare sleep disorder that causes people to kick or punch during sleep, according to a study published in the June 27, 2012, online issue of *Neurology*®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.\n\nPeople with the disorder, called REM sleep behavior disorder, do not have the normal lack of muscle tone that occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, causing them to act out their dreams. The movements can sometimes be violent, causing injury to the person or their bed partner. The disorder is estimated to occur in 0.5 percent of adults.\n\n\"Until now, we didn't know much about the risk factors for this disorder, except that it was more common in men and in older people,\" said study author Ronald B. Postuma, MD, MSc, with the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) in Montreal and a member of the American Academy of Neurology. \"Because it is a rare disorder, it was difficult to gather information about enough patients for a full study. For this study, we worked with 13 institutions in 10 countries to get a full picture of the disorder.\"\n\nThe disorder can also be a precursor to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and a type of dementia. Studies have shown that more than 50 percent of people with REM sleep behavior disorder go on to develop a neurodegenerative disorder years or even decades later.\n\n\"Due to this connection, we wanted to investigate whether the risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder were similar to those for Parkinson's disease or dementia,\" Postuma said.\n\nThe results were mixed. While smoking has found to be a protective factor for Parkinson's disease, people who smoked were found to be more likely to develop REM sleep behavior disorder. Pesticide use, on the other hand, is a risk factor for both disorders. Studies have shown that people who drink coffee are less likely to develop Parkinson's, but this study found no relationship between coffee drinking and REM sleep behavior disorder.\n\nFor the study, 347 people with REM sleep behavior disorder were compared to 347 people who did not have the disorder. Of those, 218 had other sleep disorders and 129 had no sleep disorders.\n\nThose with REM sleep behavior disorder were 43 percent more likely to be smokers, with 64 percent of those with the disorder having ever smoked, compared to 56 percent of those without the disorder. They were 59 percent more likely to have had a previous head injury with loss of consciousness, 67 percent more likely to have worked as farmers, and more than twice as likely to have been exposed to pesticides through work. Those with the disorder also had fewer years of education, with an average of 11.1 years, compared to 12.7 years for those without the disorder.\n\nThe study was supported by the FRSQ, the Fonds de Recherche du Québec -- Santé.\n\n- [RELATED TOPICS](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm)\n  - [Health & Medicine](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/news\/health_medicine\/)\n    - [Eye Care](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/news\/health_medicine\/eye_care\/)\n    - [Diseases and Conditions](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/news\/health_medicine\/diseases_and_conditions\/)\n    - [Workplace Health](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/news\/health_medicine\/workplace_health\/)\n    - [Today's Healthcare](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/news\/health_medicine\/today's_healthcare\/)\n  - [Mind & Brain](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/news\/mind_brain\/)\n    - [Dementia](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/news\/mind_brain\/dementia\/)\n    - [Social Psychology](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/news\/mind_brain\/social_psychology\/)\n    - [Smoking Addiction](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/news\/mind_brain\/smoking\/)\n    - [Alzheimer's](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/news\/mind_brain\/alzheimer's\/)\n\n- [RELATED TERMS](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm)\n  - [Mental illness](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/terms\/mental_disorder.htm)\n  - [Obstructive sleep apnea](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/terms\/obstructive_sleep_apnea.htm)\n  - [Sleep apnea](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/terms\/sleep_apnea.htm)\n  - [Sleep disorder](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/terms\/sleep_disorder.htm)\n  - [Sleep](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/terms\/sleep.htm)\n  - [Head injury](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/terms\/head_injury.htm)\n  - [Circadian rhythm sleep disorder](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/terms\/circadian_rhythm_sleep_disorder.htm)\n  - [Sex education](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/terms\/sex_education.htm)\n***\n***\n**Journal Reference**:\n\n1. R.B. Postuma, J.Y. Montplaisir, A. Pelletier, Y. Dauvilliers, W. Oertel, A. Iranzo, L. Ferini-Strambi, I. Arnulf, B. Hogl, R. Manni, T. Miyamoto, G. Mayer, K. Stiasny-Kolster, M. Puligheddu, Y. Ju, P. Jennum, K. Sonka, J. Santamaria, M.L. Fantini, M. Zucconi, S. Leu-Semenescu, B. Frauscher, M. Terzaghi, M. Miyamoto, M.M. Unger, V. Cochen De Cock, and C. Wolfson. **Environmental risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder: A multicenter case-control study**. *Neurology*, 2012 DOI: [10\\.1212\/WNL.0b013e31825dd383](http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31825dd383)\n***\n\n**Cite This Page**:\n\n- [MLA](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm#citation_mla)\n- [APA](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm#citation_apa)\n- [Chicago](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm#citation_chicago)\n\nAmerican Academy of Neurology (AAN). \"Kicking or punching during sleep may be caused by smoking, head injury and pesticide use.\" ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 28 June 2012. \\<www.sciencedaily.com\n\n\/\n\nreleases\n\n\/\n\n2012\n\n\/\n\n06\n\n\/\n\n120628130536.htm\\>.\n\nAmerican Academy of Neurology (AAN). (2012, June 28). Kicking or punching during sleep may be caused by smoking, head injury and pesticide use. *ScienceDaily*. Retrieved March 16, 2026 from www.sciencedaily.com\n\n\/\n\nreleases\n\n\/\n\n2012\n\n\/\n\n06\n\n\/\n\n120628130536.htm\n\nAmerican Academy of Neurology (AAN). \"Kicking or punching during sleep may be caused by smoking, head injury and pesticide use.\" ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com\n\n\/\n\nreleases\n\n\/\n\n2012\n\n\/\n\n06\n\n\/\n\n120628130536.htm (accessed March 16, 2026).\n\n## Explore More\nfrom ScienceDaily\n***\nRELATED STORIES\n***\n[Blood Test Shows Promise for Early Detection of Dementia](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2025\/03\/250311121505.htm)\n\nMar. 11, 2025  For people with a certain sleep disorder, a simple blood test could help predict the development of dementia years before symptoms appear, a new study indicates. 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With concerns about food security on the rise, experts are asking: how will we feed everyone? 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Questions?\n\n- [Leave Feedback](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/contact.htm)\n\n[About This Site](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/about.htm) \\| [Staff](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/staff.htm) \\| [Contribute](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/contribute.htm) \\| [Advertise](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/advertise.htm) \\| [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/privacy.htm) \\| [Editorial Policy](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/editorial.htm) \\| [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/terms.htm)\n\n[Copyright 1995-2026 ScienceDaily](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/copyright.htm) or by other parties, where indicated. All rights controlled by their respective owners. Content on this website is for information only. It is not intended to provide medical or other professional advice. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily, contributors or partners. Financial support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs.\n\nShare this page ...\n\n**Kicking or punching during sleep may be caused by smoking, head injury and pesticide use**  \n <https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm>\n\nSmoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, farming and less education may be risk factors for a rare sleep disorder that causes people to kick or punch during sleep, according to a new study.\n\n[Facebook](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm) [Twitter](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm) [Pinterest](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm) [LinkedIN](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm) [Email](https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/06\/120628130536.htm)\n\nClose","attrs_readable_markdown":"Smoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, farming and less education may be risk factors for a rare sleep disorder that causes people to kick or punch during sleep, according to a study published in the June 27, 2012, online issue of *Neurology*®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.\n\nPeople with the disorder, called REM sleep behavior disorder, do not have the normal lack of muscle tone that occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, causing them to act out their dreams. The movements can sometimes be violent, causing injury to the person or their bed partner. The disorder is estimated to occur in 0.5 percent of adults.\n\n\"Until now, we didn't know much about the risk factors for this disorder, except that it was more common in men and in older people,\" said study author Ronald B. Postuma, MD, MSc, with the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) in Montreal and a member of the American Academy of Neurology. \"Because it is a rare disorder, it was difficult to gather information about enough patients for a full study. For this study, we worked with 13 institutions in 10 countries to get a full picture of the disorder.\"\n\nThe disorder can also be a precursor to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and a type of dementia. Studies have shown that more than 50 percent of people with REM sleep behavior disorder go on to develop a neurodegenerative disorder years or even decades later.\n\n\"Due to this connection, we wanted to investigate whether the risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder were similar to those for Parkinson's disease or dementia,\" Postuma said.\n\nThe results were mixed. While smoking has found to be a protective factor for Parkinson's disease, people who smoked were found to be more likely to develop REM sleep behavior disorder. Pesticide use, on the other hand, is a risk factor for both disorders. Studies have shown that people who drink coffee are less likely to develop Parkinson's, but this study found no relationship between coffee drinking and REM sleep behavior disorder.\n\nFor the study, 347 people with REM sleep behavior disorder were compared to 347 people who did not have the disorder. Of those, 218 had other sleep disorders and 129 had no sleep disorders.\n\nThose with REM sleep behavior disorder were 43 percent more likely to be smokers, with 64 percent of those with the disorder having ever smoked, compared to 56 percent of those without the disorder. They were 59 percent more likely to have had a previous head injury with loss of consciousness, 67 percent more likely to have worked as farmers, and more than twice as likely to have been exposed to pesticides through work. Those with the disorder also had fewer years of education, with an average of 11.1 years, compared to 12.7 years for those without the disorder.\n\nThe study was supported by the FRSQ, the Fonds de Recherche du Québec -- Santé.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Kicking or punching during sleep may be caused by smoking, head injury and pesticide use \| ScienceDaily
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Boilerpipe Text	Smoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, farming and less education may be risk factors for a rare sleep disorder that causes people to kick or punch during sleep, according to a study published in the June 27, 2012, online issue of Neurology ®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. People with the disorder, called REM sleep behavior disorder, do not have the normal lack of muscle tone that occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, causing them to act out their dreams. The movements can sometimes be violent, causing injury to the person or their bed partner. The disorder is estimated to occur in 0.5 percent of adults. "Until now, we didn't know much about the risk factors for this disorder, except that it was more common in men and in older people," said study author Ronald B. Postuma, MD, MSc, with the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) in Montreal and a member of the American Academy of Neurology. "Because it is a rare disorder, it was difficult to gather information about enough patients for a full study. For this study, we worked with 13 institutions in 10 countries to get a full picture of the disorder." The disorder can also be a precursor to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and a type of dementia. Studies have shown that more than 50 percent of people with REM sleep behavior disorder go on to develop a neurodegenerative disorder years or even decades later. "Due to this connection, we wanted to investigate whether the risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder were similar to those for Parkinson's disease or dementia," Postuma said. The results were mixed. While smoking has found to be a protective factor for Parkinson's disease, people who smoked were found to be more likely to develop REM sleep behavior disorder. Pesticide use, on the other hand, is a risk factor for both disorders. Studies have shown that people who drink coffee are less likely to develop Parkinson's, but this study found no relationship between coffee drinking and REM sleep behavior disorder. For the study, 347 people with REM sleep behavior disorder were compared to 347 people who did not have the disorder. Of those, 218 had other sleep disorders and 129 had no sleep disorders. Those with REM sleep behavior disorder were 43 percent more likely to be smokers, with 64 percent of those with the disorder having ever smoked, compared to 56 percent of those without the disorder. They were 59 percent more likely to have had a previous head injury with loss of consciousness, 67 percent more likely to have worked as farmers, and more than twice as likely to have been exposed to pesticides through work. Those with the disorder also had fewer years of education, with an average of 11.1 years, compared to 12.7 years for those without the disorder. The study was supported by the FRSQ, the Fonds de Recherche du Québec -- Santé.
Markdown	[Skip to main content](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm#main) [![ScienceDaily](https://www.sciencedaily.com/images/sd-logo.png)](https://www.sciencedaily.com/ "ScienceDaily") *** Your source for the latest research news [Follow:](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/sciencedaily) [X/Twitter](https://twitter.com/sciencedaily) [Subscribe:](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) [RSS Feeds](https://www.sciencedaily.com/newsfeeds.htm) [Newsletter](https://sciencedaily.substack.com/) New\! Sign up for our free [email newsletter](https://sciencedaily.substack.com/). Science News from research organizations * # Kicking or punching during sleep may be caused by smoking, head injury and pesticide use Date: June 28, 2012 Source: American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Summary: Smoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, farming and less education may be risk factors for a rare sleep disorder that causes people to kick or punch during sleep, according to a new study. Share: [Facebook](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) [Twitter](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) [Pinterest](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) [LinkedIN](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) [Email](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) FULL STORY * Smoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, farming and less education may be risk factors for a rare sleep disorder that causes people to kick or punch during sleep, according to a study published in the June 27, 2012, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. People with the disorder, called REM sleep behavior disorder, do not have the normal lack of muscle tone that occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, causing them to act out their dreams. The movements can sometimes be violent, causing injury to the person or their bed partner. The disorder is estimated to occur in 0.5 percent of adults. "Until now, we didn't know much about the risk factors for this disorder, except that it was more common in men and in older people," said study author Ronald B. Postuma, MD, MSc, with the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) in Montreal and a member of the American Academy of Neurology. "Because it is a rare disorder, it was difficult to gather information about enough patients for a full study. For this study, we worked with 13 institutions in 10 countries to get a full picture of the disorder." The disorder can also be a precursor to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and a type of dementia. Studies have shown that more than 50 percent of people with REM sleep behavior disorder go on to develop a neurodegenerative disorder years or even decades later. "Due to this connection, we wanted to investigate whether the risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder were similar to those for Parkinson's disease or dementia," Postuma said. The results were mixed. While smoking has found to be a protective factor for Parkinson's disease, people who smoked were found to be more likely to develop REM sleep behavior disorder. Pesticide use, on the other hand, is a risk factor for both disorders. Studies have shown that people who drink coffee are less likely to develop Parkinson's, but this study found no relationship between coffee drinking and REM sleep behavior disorder. For the study, 347 people with REM sleep behavior disorder were compared to 347 people who did not have the disorder. Of those, 218 had other sleep disorders and 129 had no sleep disorders. Those with REM sleep behavior disorder were 43 percent more likely to be smokers, with 64 percent of those with the disorder having ever smoked, compared to 56 percent of those without the disorder. They were 59 percent more likely to have had a previous head injury with loss of consciousness, 67 percent more likely to have worked as farmers, and more than twice as likely to have been exposed to pesticides through work. Those with the disorder also had fewer years of education, with an average of 11.1 years, compared to 12.7 years for those without the disorder. The study was supported by the FRSQ, the Fonds de Recherche du Québec -- Santé. - [RELATED TOPICS](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) - [Health & Medicine](https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/) - [Eye Care](https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/eye_care/) - [Diseases and Conditions](https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/diseases_and_conditions/) - [Workplace Health](https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/workplace_health/) - [Today's Healthcare](https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/today's_healthcare/) - [Mind & Brain](https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/) - [Dementia](https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/dementia/) - [Social Psychology](https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/social_psychology/) - [Smoking Addiction](https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/smoking/) - [Alzheimer's](https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/alzheimer's/) - [RELATED TERMS](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) - [Mental illness](https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/mental_disorder.htm) - [Obstructive sleep apnea](https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/obstructive_sleep_apnea.htm) - [Sleep apnea](https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/sleep_apnea.htm) - [Sleep disorder](https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/sleep_disorder.htm) - [Sleep](https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/sleep.htm) - [Head injury](https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/head_injury.htm) - [Circadian rhythm sleep disorder](https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/circadian_rhythm_sleep_disorder.htm) - [Sex education](https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/sex_education.htm) * * Journal Reference: 1. R.B. Postuma, J.Y. Montplaisir, A. Pelletier, Y. Dauvilliers, W. Oertel, A. Iranzo, L. Ferini-Strambi, I. Arnulf, B. Hogl, R. Manni, T. Miyamoto, G. Mayer, K. Stiasny-Kolster, M. Puligheddu, Y. Ju, P. Jennum, K. Sonka, J. Santamaria, M.L. Fantini, M. Zucconi, S. Leu-Semenescu, B. Frauscher, M. Terzaghi, M. Miyamoto, M.M. Unger, V. Cochen De Cock, and C. Wolfson. Environmental risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder: A multicenter case-control study. Neurology, 2012 DOI: [10\.1212/WNL.0b013e31825dd383](http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31825dd383) * Cite This Page*: - [MLA](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm#citation_mla) - [APA](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm#citation_apa) - [Chicago](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm#citation_chicago) American Academy of Neurology (AAN). "Kicking or punching during sleep may be caused by smoking, head injury and pesticide use." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 28 June 2012. \<www.sciencedaily.com / releases / 2012 / 06 / 120628130536.htm\>. American Academy of Neurology (AAN). (2012, June 28). Kicking or punching during sleep may be caused by smoking, head injury and pesticide use. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 16, 2026 from www.sciencedaily.com / releases / 2012 / 06 / 120628130536.htm American Academy of Neurology (AAN). "Kicking or punching during sleep may be caused by smoking, head injury and pesticide use." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com / releases / 2012 / 06 / 120628130536.htm (accessed March 16, 2026). ## Explore More from ScienceDaily RELATED STORIES * [Blood Test Shows Promise for Early Detection of Dementia](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/03/250311121505.htm) Mar. 11, 2025 For people with a certain sleep disorder, a simple blood test could help predict the development of dementia years before symptoms appear, a new study indicates. Idiopathic REM sleep behavior ... 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Financial support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs. Share this page ... Kicking or punching during sleep may be caused by smoking, head injury and pesticide use** <https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm> Smoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, farming and less education may be risk factors for a rare sleep disorder that causes people to kick or punch during sleep, according to a new study. [Facebook](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) [Twitter](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) [Pinterest](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) [LinkedIN](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) [Email](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120628130536.htm) Close
Readable Markdown	Smoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, farming and less education may be risk factors for a rare sleep disorder that causes people to kick or punch during sleep, according to a study published in the June 27, 2012, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. People with the disorder, called REM sleep behavior disorder, do not have the normal lack of muscle tone that occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, causing them to act out their dreams. The movements can sometimes be violent, causing injury to the person or their bed partner. The disorder is estimated to occur in 0.5 percent of adults. "Until now, we didn't know much about the risk factors for this disorder, except that it was more common in men and in older people," said study author Ronald B. Postuma, MD, MSc, with the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) in Montreal and a member of the American Academy of Neurology. "Because it is a rare disorder, it was difficult to gather information about enough patients for a full study. For this study, we worked with 13 institutions in 10 countries to get a full picture of the disorder." The disorder can also be a precursor to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and a type of dementia. Studies have shown that more than 50 percent of people with REM sleep behavior disorder go on to develop a neurodegenerative disorder years or even decades later. "Due to this connection, we wanted to investigate whether the risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder were similar to those for Parkinson's disease or dementia," Postuma said. The results were mixed. While smoking has found to be a protective factor for Parkinson's disease, people who smoked were found to be more likely to develop REM sleep behavior disorder. Pesticide use, on the other hand, is a risk factor for both disorders. Studies have shown that people who drink coffee are less likely to develop Parkinson's, but this study found no relationship between coffee drinking and REM sleep behavior disorder. For the study, 347 people with REM sleep behavior disorder were compared to 347 people who did not have the disorder. Of those, 218 had other sleep disorders and 129 had no sleep disorders. Those with REM sleep behavior disorder were 43 percent more likely to be smokers, with 64 percent of those with the disorder having ever smoked, compared to 56 percent of those without the disorder. They were 59 percent more likely to have had a previous head injury with loss of consciousness, 67 percent more likely to have worked as farmers, and more than twice as likely to have been exposed to pesticides through work. Those with the disorder also had fewer years of education, with an average of 11.1 years, compared to 12.7 years for those without the disorder. The study was supported by the FRSQ, the Fonds de Recherche du Québec -- Santé.
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