🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 124 (from laksa073)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa124.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/post/long-covid-and-mental-health\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/post/long-covid-and-mental-health\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/post\/long-covid-and-mental-health","crawl_time":1776531939,"first_indexed_time":1751478830,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"uk,co,schoen-clinic!www,\/post\/long-covid-and-mental-health s443","src_root_hash":"15023596363253255924","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Long Covid & Mental Health: Symptoms, Risks & Treatment 2025","meta_descriptions":["Discover the long-term mental health effects of Long Covid in 2025—depression, anxiety, brain fog—and how they’re treated with the latest NICE guidance."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"As we reach five years since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, the long-term mental health impact of long Covid remains a critical concern for patients, clinicians, and health services.\nLong Covid, defined as symptoms lasting more than four weeks after acute infection, affects millions worldwide. Alongside fatigue, breathlessness, and pain, persistent psychological and cognitive symptoms are now recognised as major and often disabling features of the condition.\nMental Health Symptoms in Long Covid: Depression, Anxiety and PTSD\nResearch shows that around one in four people with long Covid experience significant mental health symptoms, including:\nDepression\nGeneralised anxiety\nPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)\nPanic or\nhealth-related anxiety\nThese symptoms can persist\nfor two years or more\n, far exceeding typical recovery timelines. Studies suggest that\n30–40% of long Covid patients report depression and anxiety\n, a prevalence substantially higher than pre-pandemic levels.\nWoman experiencing brain fog and anxiety due to long Covid symptoms\nCognitive Impairment and Brain Fog After Covid-19\nOne of the most commonly reported issues in long Covid is '\nbrain fog'\n, a constellation of symptoms including:\nDifficulty concentrating\nMemory lapses\nSlowed thinking or processing\nRecent data suggests that 40–60% of long Covid sufferers experience these cognitive difficulties, which can severely impair daily functioning, work, and quality of life.\nA large UK Biobank study found that COVID-19 survivors have a \"54% increased risk of developing new psychiatric disorders within a year\", including mood, anxiety, sleep, and psychotic disorders, with risks heightened in those hospitalised and unvaccinated. Encouragingly, full vaccination appears to reduce these risks significantly.\nWhy Does Long Covid Cause Mental Health Problems?\nThere is growing evidence that long Covid mental health symptoms are caused by a combination of biological and psychosocial factors:\nPersistent inflammation and immune disruption during and after infection may lead to neuroinflammation, affecting areas of the brain linked to mood and cognition.\nSocial isolation, loss of income, and fear about long-term health have also worsened mental health outcomes.\nThe unpredictable nature of symptoms, with good days followed by setbacks, can result in\nchronic stress\n, low mood, and anxiety.\nMany patients report feelings of loneliness, frustration, and fear about their future health, which can worsen mental health outcomes.\nHow Long Covid Mental Health Symptoms Are Treated in 2025\nThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for managing long Covid recommend a multidisciplinary approach that addresses both physical and psychological symptoms. Treatment includes symptom management, psychological support, and rehabilitation tailored to individual needs.\nInnovative therapies such as breathing retraining programmes have shown promise in improving symptoms and quality of life, alongside standard mental health interventions like\ncognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)\nand medication when appropriate.\nKey components include:\nCBT for anxiety, depression or PTSD\nPacing strategies\nto manage fatigue and brain fog\nBreathing retraining\nand graded activity\nMedication\nwhere appropriate for mood and sleep difficulties\nPsychological support and validation\nNew therapies are emerging, but access remains uneven. Long Covid clinics are being scaled back across the UK. This shift underscores the importance of GPs and mental health teams being vigilant for long Covid-related psychiatric symptoms and providing timely support.\nCBT Therapist in a group session with participants\nThe Role of GPs and Mental Health Specialists in Long Covid Care\nWith specialist services under pressure, it’s more important than ever that\nprimary care clinicians\nand mental health teams:\nRecognise long Covid-related psychiatric symptoms\nOffer early assessment and referral for therapy\nSupport patients with clear, compassionate communication\nPatient-centred care and continuity, especially for those feeling isolated or stuck, are key to long-term recovery.\nLooking Ahead: What We Still Need to Understand About Long Covid and Mental Health\nWhile we now know more about the mental health burden of long Covid, there’s still much to learn. Key questions include:\nWhy do some people recover quickly while others don’t?\nWhat are the most effective long-term interventions?\nHow can we support recovery at population level?\nOngoing research is essential. We need\nrobust, long-term data\n, public investment in services, and deeper understanding of the patient experience.\nWhere to Get Support for Long Covid Mental Health Symptoms\nIf you're experiencing\ndepression\n,\nanxiety\n,\nPTSD\nor brain fog after Covid-19\n, you're not alone—and help is available.\nSpecialist psychiatric assessment\nCBT\nand therapy for long Covid-related anxiety or mood problems\nSupport with managing cognitive symptoms and returning to daily life\nAbout the author: Dr Woolley\nDr James Woolley, Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea\nDr James Woolley\n is a highly experienced Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea, with particular expertise in treating mental health conditions that overlap with physical illness.\nTrained at the Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, he combines evidence-based medication with psychological therapies such as CBT.\nDr Woolley also holds Fellowships with both the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Royal College of Physicians, and has published widely in leading scientific journals.\nSources:\n- BBC: Coronavirus and long-term mental health impacts\n- The Lancet Psychiatry: Mental health research priorities in COVID-19\n- UK Biobank study on psychiatric risk post-Covid\n- Systematic review on mental health prevalence in long Covid\n- NICE rapid guideline on managing long Covid\n- Narrative review on neuropsychiatric manifestations of long Covid\n- Recent UK research on brain fog and vaccination impact\n- NHS North East London update on long Covid services\n- Yale Medicine on depression and anxiety in long Covid","attrs_markdown":"top of page\n\n[![Schoen Clinic UK Group company logo](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/7f09ad_70121f82b4ac4d2094ef6061c9031875~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_140,h_54,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/Schoen_Clinic_Group_RGB_Negativ.png)](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/)\n\n![Doctify logo with 5 stars](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/2077ea_314695d9dd1c4ea08dfcc2d8cfc6e9ff~mv2.png\/v1\/crop\/x_0,y_11,w_517,h_151\/fill\/w_120,h_34,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/Doctify%205%20stars%20logo.png)\n\n[Contact](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/contact-us)\n\n- [About us](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/about-us)\n  - [Clinical governance](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/clinical-governance)\n  - [Equality, diversity and inclusion](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/equality-diversity-inclusion)\n  - [Mission statement](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/mission-statement)\n  - [News, press & media](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/news-press-media)\n  - [What makes us different](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/what-makes-us-different)\n- Treatments & services\n  ### Mental health\n  - Anxiety disorders\n    \n    - [Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/generalised-anxiety-disorder)\n    - [Health anxiety](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/health-anxiety)\n    - [Social anxiety](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/social-anxiety)\n  - [Bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/bipolar-disorder)\n  - [Depression](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/depression)\n  - [Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd)\n  - [Stress management](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/stress-management)\n  - [Trauma & PTSD](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/trauma)\n  ### Eating disorders\n  - [Anorexia nervosa](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/anorexia-nervosa)\n  - [Bulimia nervosa](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/bulimia-nervosa)\n  - [Outpatient eating disorder services](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/outpatient-eating-disorder-services)\n  \n  [View all conditions](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services)\n  \n  ### Children's mental health\n  - [Private CAMHS assessments & treatment](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/private-camhs-mental-health-support)\n  - [ADHD assessments](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/child-adhd-assessments)\n  - [Autism assessments](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/autism-spectrum-disorder-assessments)\n  - [Neurodevelopmental assessments](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/neurodevelopmental-assessments)\n  ### Adult's mental health\n  - [ADHD assessments](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/adult-adhd-assessments)\n  - [ADHD treatment package](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/adhd-treatment-package)\n  - [Autism assessments](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/autism-spectrum-disorder-assessments)\n  - [Mental health treatment package](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/mental-health-treatment-programme)\n  - [Cancer-related mental health support](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/mental-health-support-for-cancer)\n  \n  [View all services](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services)\n  \n  ### Dementia\n  - [Specialist dementia care](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/specialist-dementia-care-in-york)\n  - [Types of dementia](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/types-of-dementia)\n  ### Therapies\n  - [Specialist therapy groups](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/specialist-group-therapy-programme)\n  - [Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt)\n  - [Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT)](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/dialectical-behaviour-therapy)\n  - [EMDR therapy](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/eye-movement-desensitisation-and-reprocessing-emdr-therapy)\n  - [ERP (Exposure therapy)](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/exposure-response-prevention-erp-therapy)\n  - [Occupational Therapy](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/occupational-therapy-for-mental-health)\n  \n  [View all therapies](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services)\n- [Information for patients](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/information-for-patients)\n  - [Find a specialist](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/specialists)\n  - [Refer yourself for treatment]()\n  - [Treatment funding & prices](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatment-funding-options)\n- Locations\n  - [Schoen Clinic Chelsea](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/chelsea)\n  - [Wellen Court, Schoen Clinic York](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/specialist-dementia-care-in-york)\n- [Blog](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/blog)\n  - [Blog](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/blog)\n  - [Podcast](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/unscripted-podcast)\n  - [Video Library](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/video-library)\n\n# Long Covid and Mental Health: Five Years On, What Have We Learned?\n- Jul 2, 2025\n- 4 min read\n\nUpdated: Jul 8, 2025\n\nAuthor: [Dr James Woolley](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/specialists\/dr-james-woolley) , Consultant Psychiatrist at [Schoen Clinic Chelsea](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/chelsea)\n\nAs we reach five years since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, the long-term mental health impact of long Covid remains a critical concern for patients, clinicians, and health services.\n\nLong Covid, defined as symptoms lasting more than four weeks after acute infection, affects millions worldwide. Alongside fatigue, breathlessness, and pain, persistent psychological and cognitive symptoms are now recognised as major and often disabling features of the condition.\n\n## Mental Health Symptoms in Long Covid: Depression, Anxiety and PTSD\nResearch shows that around one in four people with long Covid experience significant mental health symptoms, including:\n\n- [**Depression**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/depression)\n- [**Generalised anxiety**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/generalised-anxiety-disorder)\n- [**Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/trauma)\n- **Panic or** [**health-related anxiety**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/health-anxiety)\n\nThese symptoms can persist **for two years or more**, far exceeding typical recovery timelines. Studies suggest that **30–40% of long Covid patients report depression and anxiety**, a prevalence substantially higher than pre-pandemic levels.\n\n![Woman experiencing brain fog and anxiety due to long Covid symptoms](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/c4d39d_2c6b3deea87e467eb6d9bd4d322165db~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_980,h_653,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/c4d39d_2c6b3deea87e467eb6d9bd4d322165db~mv2.jpg)\n\nWoman experiencing brain fog and anxiety due to long Covid symptoms\n## Cognitive Impairment and Brain Fog After Covid-19\nOne of the most commonly reported issues in long Covid is '**brain fog'**, a constellation of symptoms including:\n\n- Difficulty concentrating\n- Memory lapses\n- Slowed thinking or processing\n\nRecent data suggests that 40–60% of long Covid sufferers experience these cognitive difficulties, which can severely impair daily functioning, work, and quality of life.\n\nA large UK Biobank study found that COVID-19 survivors have a \"54% increased risk of developing new psychiatric disorders within a year\", including mood, anxiety, sleep, and psychotic disorders, with risks heightened in those hospitalised and unvaccinated. Encouragingly, full vaccination appears to reduce these risks significantly.\n\n## Why Does Long Covid Cause Mental Health Problems?\nThere is growing evidence that long Covid mental health symptoms are caused by a combination of biological and psychosocial factors:\n\n- Persistent inflammation and immune disruption during and after infection may lead to neuroinflammation, affecting areas of the brain linked to mood and cognition.\n- Social isolation, loss of income, and fear about long-term health have also worsened mental health outcomes.\n- The unpredictable nature of symptoms, with good days followed by setbacks, can result in [chronic stress](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/stress-management) , low mood, and anxiety.\n\nMany patients report feelings of loneliness, frustration, and fear about their future health, which can worsen mental health outcomes.\n\n## How Long Covid Mental Health Symptoms Are Treated in 2025\nThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for managing long Covid recommend a multidisciplinary approach that addresses both physical and psychological symptoms. Treatment includes symptom management, psychological support, and rehabilitation tailored to individual needs.\n\nInnovative therapies such as breathing retraining programmes have shown promise in improving symptoms and quality of life, alongside standard mental health interventions like [cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt) and medication when appropriate.\n\nKey components include:\n\n- [**CBT for anxiety, depression or PTSD**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt)\n- **Pacing strategies** to manage fatigue and brain fog\n- **Breathing retraining** and graded activity\n- **Medication** where appropriate for mood and sleep difficulties\n- **Psychological support and validation**\n\nNew therapies are emerging, but access remains uneven. Long Covid clinics are being scaled back across the UK. This shift underscores the importance of GPs and mental health teams being vigilant for long Covid-related psychiatric symptoms and providing timely support.\n\n![CBT Therapist in a group session with participants](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/2077ea_76c097514e1f471cb536e8da5426abd4~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_980,h_654,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/2077ea_76c097514e1f471cb536e8da5426abd4~mv2.jpg)\n\nCBT Therapist in a group session with participants\n## The Role of GPs and Mental Health Specialists in Long Covid Care\nWith specialist services under pressure, it’s more important than ever that **primary care clinicians** and mental health teams:\n\n- Recognise long Covid-related psychiatric symptoms\n- Offer early assessment and referral for therapy\n- Support patients with clear, compassionate communication\n\nPatient-centred care and continuity, especially for those feeling isolated or stuck, are key to long-term recovery.\n\n## Looking Ahead: What We Still Need to Understand About Long Covid and Mental Health\nWhile we now know more about the mental health burden of long Covid, there’s still much to learn. Key questions include:\n\n- Why do some people recover quickly while others don’t?\n- What are the most effective long-term interventions?\n- How can we support recovery at population level?\n\nOngoing research is essential. We need **robust, long-term data**, public investment in services, and deeper understanding of the patient experience.\n\n## Where to Get Support for Long Covid Mental Health Symptoms\nIf you're experiencing [**depression**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/depression)**,** [**anxiety**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/generalised-anxiety-disorder)**,** [**PTSD**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/trauma) **or brain fog after Covid-19**, you're not alone—and help is available.\n\nAt [**Schoen Clinic Chelsea**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/chelsea), our expert mental health team offers:\n\n- Specialist psychiatric assessment\n- [CBT](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt) and therapy for long Covid-related anxiety or mood problems\n- Support with managing cognitive symptoms and returning to daily life\n\n👉 [Explore our services](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services) or [Contact us for a confidential consultation](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/contact-us)\n\n### About the author: Dr Woolley\n![headshot of Dr James Woolley, Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/c4d39d_8975e83bf3e746eaafb355c2d7b225a3~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_980,h_737,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/c4d39d_8975e83bf3e746eaafb355c2d7b225a3~mv2.jpg)\n\nDr James Woolley, Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea\n\n[Dr James Woolley](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/specialists\/dr-james-woolley) is a highly experienced Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea, with particular expertise in treating mental health conditions that overlap with physical illness.\n\nTrained at the Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, he combines evidence-based medication with psychological therapies such as CBT.\n\nDr Woolley also holds Fellowships with both the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Royal College of Physicians, and has published widely in leading scientific journals.\n\n**Sources:**\n\n\\- BBC: Coronavirus and long-term mental health impacts\n\n[https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/worklife\/article\/20201021-coronavirus-the-possible-long-term-mental-health-impacts](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/worklife\/article\/20201021-coronavirus-the-possible-long-term-mental-health-impacts)\n\n\\- The Lancet Psychiatry: Mental health research priorities in COVID-19\n\n[https:\/\/www.gla.ac.uk\/research\/covid\/headline\\_719045\\_en.html](https:\/\/www.gla.ac.uk\/research\/covid\/headline_719045_en.html)\n\n\\- UK Biobank study on psychiatric risk post-Covid\n\n[https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41562-024-01853-4](https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41562-024-01853-4)\n\n\\- Systematic review on mental health prevalence in long Covid\n\n[https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39874315\/](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39874315\/) and [https:\/\/](https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0312351) [journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0312351](http:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0312351)\n\n\\- NICE rapid guideline on managing long Covid\n\n[https:\/\/meassociation.org.uk\/long-covid-nice-guideline\/](https:\/\/meassociation.org.uk\/long-covid-nice-guideline\/) and [https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng188](https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng188)\n\n\\- Narrative review on neuropsychiatric manifestations of long Covid\n\n[https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11943530\/](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11943530\/)\n\n\\- Recent UK research on brain fog and vaccination impact\n\n[https:\/\/www.york.ac.uk\/news-and-events\/news\/2024\/research\/long-covid-fog\/](https:\/\/www.york.ac.uk\/news-and-events\/news\/2024\/research\/long-covid-fog\/)\n\n\\- NHS North East London update on long Covid services\n\n[https:\/\/northeastlondon.icb.nhs.uk\/health-services\/service-updates\/long-covid-service-update-february-2025\/](https:\/\/northeastlondon.icb.nhs.uk\/health-services\/service-updates\/long-covid-service-update-february-2025\/)\n\n\\- Yale Medicine on depression and anxiety in long Covid\n\n[https:\/\/www.yalemedicine.org\/news\/depression-and-anxiety-in-long-covid-why-interdisciplinary-treatment-is-needed](https:\/\/www.yalemedicine.org\/news\/depression-and-anxiety-in-long-covid-why-interdisciplinary-treatment-is-needed)\n\nTags:\n\n- [mental health](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/news-blog-catalogue\/tags\/mental-health)\n- [anxiety](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/news-blog-catalogue\/tags\/anxiety)\n- [depression](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/news-blog-catalogue\/tags\/depression)\n- [burnout](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/news-blog-catalogue\/tags\/burnout)\n- [trauma](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/news-blog-catalogue\/tags\/trauma)\n- [nutrition](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/news-blog-catalogue\/tags\/nutrition)\n\n- [Blog](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/news-blog-catalogue\/categories\/blog)\n\n## Recent Posts\n[See All](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/news-blog-catalogue)\n\n[![Toxic relationship patterns: how trauma shapes behaviour — and how to break the cycle](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/c4d39d_16e624bc00f14b46a73804ceab0155b7~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_980,h_517,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/c4d39d_16e624bc00f14b46a73804ceab0155b7~mv2.jpg)](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/post\/toxic-relationship-patterns-how-trauma-shapes-behaviour)\n\n[Toxic relationship patterns: how trauma shapes behaviour — and how to break the cycle](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/post\/toxic-relationship-patterns-how-trauma-shapes-behaviour)\n\n[![Leading London mental health clinic launches new outpatient addiction treatment programme, in partnership with Rehubs](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/c4d39d_c4f7f547165b49fa96279ea06ed9534b~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_980,h_619,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/c4d39d_c4f7f547165b49fa96279ea06ed9534b~mv2.jpg)](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/post\/london-mental-health-clinic-launches-outpatient-addiction-treatment-programme)\n\n[Leading London mental health clinic launches new outpatient addiction treatment programme, in partnership with Rehubs](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/post\/london-mental-health-clinic-launches-outpatient-addiction-treatment-programme)\n\n[![The psychology behind The Traitors: Why trust, lying and group behaviour make us lose our minds](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/c4d39d_9b4ccae0a9224afda7be7c753dfc3344~mv2.avif\/v1\/fill\/w_980,h_496,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/c4d39d_9b4ccae0a9224afda7be7c753dfc3344~mv2.avif)](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/post\/the-psychology-behind-the-traitors)\n\n[The psychology behind The Traitors: Why trust, lying and group behaviour make us lose our minds](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/post\/the-psychology-behind-the-traitors)\n\nQuick links\n\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/contact-us)\n- [FAQs](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/faqs)\n- [News, press & media](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/news-press-media)\n- [Blog](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/news-blog-catalogue)\n- [Careers](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/)\n\n[![Carehome website logo ](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/c4d39d_4d62647ca2f94c87b6a04718b2c9dcd1~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_174,h_27,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/Carehome%20Website%20Logo%20High-res%20white%20font.png)](https:\/\/www.carehome.co.uk\/carehome.cfm\/searchazref\/schoen-clinic-york-wellen-court)\n\n- [Terms & conditions](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/private-terms-conditions)\n- [Privacy & cookie policy](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/privacy-cookie-policy)\n- [Comments, compliments and complaints](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/comments-compliments-complaints)\n- [Legal notices](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/legal-notices)\n- [National data opt-out policy (NHS)](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/national-data-opt-out-policy-nhs)\n\n![Member of the IHPN Logo](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/c4d39d_42882349287f400982ce963692914acb~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_130,h_69,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/Member%20of%20the%20IHPN%20Logo.png)\n\n- [Helpful resources](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/helpful-resources)\n- [Our partners](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/our-partners)\n- Find our socials\n  \n  - [LinkedIn](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/schoenclinicuk)\n  - [Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/schoenclinicuk)\n  - [Instagram](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/schoenclinicuk)\n  - [TikTok](https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@schoenclinicuk)\n\n© 2026 Schoen Clinic UK\n\nbottom of page","attrs_readable_markdown":"As we reach five years since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, the long-term mental health impact of long Covid remains a critical concern for patients, clinicians, and health services.\n\nLong Covid, defined as symptoms lasting more than four weeks after acute infection, affects millions worldwide. Alongside fatigue, breathlessness, and pain, persistent psychological and cognitive symptoms are now recognised as major and often disabling features of the condition.\n\nMental Health Symptoms in Long Covid: Depression, Anxiety and PTSD\n\nResearch shows that around one in four people with long Covid experience significant mental health symptoms, including:\n\n- [**Depression**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/depression)\n- [**Generalised anxiety**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/generalised-anxiety-disorder)\n- [**Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/trauma)\n- **Panic or** [**health-related anxiety**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/health-anxiety)\n\nThese symptoms can persist **for two years or more**, far exceeding typical recovery timelines. Studies suggest that **30–40% of long Covid patients report depression and anxiety**, a prevalence substantially higher than pre-pandemic levels.\n\n![Woman experiencing brain fog and anxiety due to long Covid symptoms](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/c4d39d_2c6b3deea87e467eb6d9bd4d322165db~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_980,h_653,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/c4d39d_2c6b3deea87e467eb6d9bd4d322165db~mv2.jpg)\n\nWoman experiencing brain fog and anxiety due to long Covid symptoms\n\nCognitive Impairment and Brain Fog After Covid-19\n\nOne of the most commonly reported issues in long Covid is '**brain fog'**, a constellation of symptoms including:\n\n- Difficulty concentrating\n- Memory lapses\n- Slowed thinking or processing\n\nRecent data suggests that 40–60% of long Covid sufferers experience these cognitive difficulties, which can severely impair daily functioning, work, and quality of life.\n\nA large UK Biobank study found that COVID-19 survivors have a \"54% increased risk of developing new psychiatric disorders within a year\", including mood, anxiety, sleep, and psychotic disorders, with risks heightened in those hospitalised and unvaccinated. Encouragingly, full vaccination appears to reduce these risks significantly.\n\nWhy Does Long Covid Cause Mental Health Problems?\n\nThere is growing evidence that long Covid mental health symptoms are caused by a combination of biological and psychosocial factors:\n\n- Persistent inflammation and immune disruption during and after infection may lead to neuroinflammation, affecting areas of the brain linked to mood and cognition.\n- Social isolation, loss of income, and fear about long-term health have also worsened mental health outcomes.\n- The unpredictable nature of symptoms, with good days followed by setbacks, can result in [chronic stress](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/stress-management) , low mood, and anxiety.\n\nMany patients report feelings of loneliness, frustration, and fear about their future health, which can worsen mental health outcomes.\n\nHow Long Covid Mental Health Symptoms Are Treated in 2025\n\nThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for managing long Covid recommend a multidisciplinary approach that addresses both physical and psychological symptoms. Treatment includes symptom management, psychological support, and rehabilitation tailored to individual needs.\n\nInnovative therapies such as breathing retraining programmes have shown promise in improving symptoms and quality of life, alongside standard mental health interventions like [cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt) and medication when appropriate.\n\nKey components include:\n\n- [**CBT for anxiety, depression or PTSD**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt)\n- **Pacing strategies** to manage fatigue and brain fog\n- **Breathing retraining** and graded activity\n- **Medication** where appropriate for mood and sleep difficulties\n- **Psychological support and validation**\n\nNew therapies are emerging, but access remains uneven. Long Covid clinics are being scaled back across the UK. This shift underscores the importance of GPs and mental health teams being vigilant for long Covid-related psychiatric symptoms and providing timely support.\n\n![CBT Therapist in a group session with participants](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/2077ea_76c097514e1f471cb536e8da5426abd4~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_980,h_654,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/2077ea_76c097514e1f471cb536e8da5426abd4~mv2.jpg)\n\nCBT Therapist in a group session with participants\n\nThe Role of GPs and Mental Health Specialists in Long Covid Care\n\nWith specialist services under pressure, it’s more important than ever that **primary care clinicians** and mental health teams:\n\n- Recognise long Covid-related psychiatric symptoms\n- Offer early assessment and referral for therapy\n- Support patients with clear, compassionate communication\n\nPatient-centred care and continuity, especially for those feeling isolated or stuck, are key to long-term recovery.\n\nLooking Ahead: What We Still Need to Understand About Long Covid and Mental Health\n\nWhile we now know more about the mental health burden of long Covid, there’s still much to learn. Key questions include:\n\n- Why do some people recover quickly while others don’t?\n- What are the most effective long-term interventions?\n- How can we support recovery at population level?\n\nOngoing research is essential. We need **robust, long-term data**, public investment in services, and deeper understanding of the patient experience.\n\nWhere to Get Support for Long Covid Mental Health Symptoms\n\nIf you're experiencing [**depression**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/depression)**,** [**anxiety**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/generalised-anxiety-disorder)**,** [**PTSD**](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/trauma) **or brain fog after Covid-19**, you're not alone—and help is available.\n\n- Specialist psychiatric assessment\n- [CBT](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/treatments-and-services\/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt) and therapy for long Covid-related anxiety or mood problems\n- Support with managing cognitive symptoms and returning to daily life\n\nAbout the author: Dr Woolley\n\n![headshot of Dr James Woolley, Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea](https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/c4d39d_8975e83bf3e746eaafb355c2d7b225a3~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_980,h_737,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/c4d39d_8975e83bf3e746eaafb355c2d7b225a3~mv2.jpg)\n\nDr James Woolley, Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea\n\n[Dr James Woolley](https:\/\/www.schoen-clinic.co.uk\/specialists\/dr-james-woolley) is a highly experienced Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea, with particular expertise in treating mental health conditions that overlap with physical illness.\n\nTrained at the Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, he combines evidence-based medication with psychological therapies such as CBT.\n\nDr Woolley also holds Fellowships with both the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Royal College of Physicians, and has published widely in leading scientific journals.\n\n**Sources:**\n\n\\- BBC: Coronavirus and long-term mental health impacts\n\n\\- The Lancet Psychiatry: Mental health research priorities in COVID-19\n\n\\- UK Biobank study on psychiatric risk post-Covid\n\n\\- Systematic review on mental health prevalence in long Covid\n\n\\- NICE rapid guideline on managing long Covid\n\n\\- Narrative review on neuropsychiatric manifestations of long Covid\n\n\\- Recent UK research on brain fog and vaccination impact\n\n\\- NHS North East London update on long Covid services\n\n\\- Yale Medicine on depression and anxiety in long Covid","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Long Covid & Mental Health: Symptoms, Risks & Treatment 2025
Meta Description	Discover the long-term mental health effects of Long Covid in 2025—depression, anxiety, brain fog—and how they’re treated with the latest NICE guidance.
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Boilerpipe Text	As we reach five years since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, the long-term mental health impact of long Covid remains a critical concern for patients, clinicians, and health services. Long Covid, defined as symptoms lasting more than four weeks after acute infection, affects millions worldwide. Alongside fatigue, breathlessness, and pain, persistent psychological and cognitive symptoms are now recognised as major and often disabling features of the condition. Mental Health Symptoms in Long Covid: Depression, Anxiety and PTSD Research shows that around one in four people with long Covid experience significant mental health symptoms, including: Depression Generalised anxiety Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Panic or health-related anxiety These symptoms can persist for two years or more , far exceeding typical recovery timelines. Studies suggest that 30–40% of long Covid patients report depression and anxiety , a prevalence substantially higher than pre-pandemic levels. Woman experiencing brain fog and anxiety due to long Covid symptoms Cognitive Impairment and Brain Fog After Covid-19 One of the most commonly reported issues in long Covid is ' brain fog' , a constellation of symptoms including: Difficulty concentrating Memory lapses Slowed thinking or processing Recent data suggests that 40–60% of long Covid sufferers experience these cognitive difficulties, which can severely impair daily functioning, work, and quality of life. A large UK Biobank study found that COVID-19 survivors have a "54% increased risk of developing new psychiatric disorders within a year", including mood, anxiety, sleep, and psychotic disorders, with risks heightened in those hospitalised and unvaccinated. Encouragingly, full vaccination appears to reduce these risks significantly. Why Does Long Covid Cause Mental Health Problems? There is growing evidence that long Covid mental health symptoms are caused by a combination of biological and psychosocial factors: Persistent inflammation and immune disruption during and after infection may lead to neuroinflammation, affecting areas of the brain linked to mood and cognition. Social isolation, loss of income, and fear about long-term health have also worsened mental health outcomes. The unpredictable nature of symptoms, with good days followed by setbacks, can result in chronic stress , low mood, and anxiety. Many patients report feelings of loneliness, frustration, and fear about their future health, which can worsen mental health outcomes. How Long Covid Mental Health Symptoms Are Treated in 2025 The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for managing long Covid recommend a multidisciplinary approach that addresses both physical and psychological symptoms. Treatment includes symptom management, psychological support, and rehabilitation tailored to individual needs. Innovative therapies such as breathing retraining programmes have shown promise in improving symptoms and quality of life, alongside standard mental health interventions like cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and medication when appropriate. Key components include: CBT for anxiety, depression or PTSD Pacing strategies to manage fatigue and brain fog Breathing retraining and graded activity Medication where appropriate for mood and sleep difficulties Psychological support and validation New therapies are emerging, but access remains uneven. Long Covid clinics are being scaled back across the UK. This shift underscores the importance of GPs and mental health teams being vigilant for long Covid-related psychiatric symptoms and providing timely support. CBT Therapist in a group session with participants The Role of GPs and Mental Health Specialists in Long Covid Care With specialist services under pressure, it’s more important than ever that primary care clinicians and mental health teams: Recognise long Covid-related psychiatric symptoms Offer early assessment and referral for therapy Support patients with clear, compassionate communication Patient-centred care and continuity, especially for those feeling isolated or stuck, are key to long-term recovery. Looking Ahead: What We Still Need to Understand About Long Covid and Mental Health While we now know more about the mental health burden of long Covid, there’s still much to learn. Key questions include: Why do some people recover quickly while others don’t? What are the most effective long-term interventions? How can we support recovery at population level? Ongoing research is essential. We need robust, long-term data , public investment in services, and deeper understanding of the patient experience. Where to Get Support for Long Covid Mental Health Symptoms If you're experiencing depression , anxiety , PTSD or brain fog after Covid-19 , you're not alone—and help is available. Specialist psychiatric assessment CBT and therapy for long Covid-related anxiety or mood problems Support with managing cognitive symptoms and returning to daily life About the author: Dr Woolley Dr James Woolley, Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea Dr James Woolley is a highly experienced Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea, with particular expertise in treating mental health conditions that overlap with physical illness. Trained at the Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, he combines evidence-based medication with psychological therapies such as CBT. Dr Woolley also holds Fellowships with both the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Royal College of Physicians, and has published widely in leading scientific journals. Sources: - BBC: Coronavirus and long-term mental health impacts - The Lancet Psychiatry: Mental health research priorities in COVID-19 - UK Biobank study on psychiatric risk post-Covid - Systematic review on mental health prevalence in long Covid - NICE rapid guideline on managing long Covid - Narrative review on neuropsychiatric manifestations of long Covid - Recent UK research on brain fog and vaccination impact - NHS North East London update on long Covid services - Yale Medicine on depression and anxiety in long Covid
Markdown	top of page [![Schoen Clinic UK Group company logo](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7f09ad_70121f82b4ac4d2094ef6061c9031875~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_140,h_54,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/Schoen_Clinic_Group_RGB_Negativ.png)](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/) ![Doctify logo with 5 stars](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/2077ea_314695d9dd1c4ea08dfcc2d8cfc6e9ff~mv2.png/v1/crop/x_0,y_11,w_517,h_151/fill/w_120,h_34,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/Doctify%205%20stars%20logo.png) [Contact](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/contact-us) - [About us](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/about-us) - [Clinical governance](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/clinical-governance) - [Equality, diversity and inclusion](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/equality-diversity-inclusion) - [Mission statement](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/mission-statement) - [News, press & media](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/news-press-media) - [What makes us different](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/what-makes-us-different) - 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[Outpatient eating disorder services](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/outpatient-eating-disorder-services) [View all conditions](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services) ### Children's mental health - [Private CAMHS assessments & treatment](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/private-camhs-mental-health-support) - [ADHD assessments](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/child-adhd-assessments) - [Autism assessments](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/autism-spectrum-disorder-assessments) - [Neurodevelopmental assessments](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/neurodevelopmental-assessments) ### Adult's mental health - [ADHD assessments](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/adult-adhd-assessments) - [ADHD treatment package](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/adhd-treatment-package) - [Autism assessments](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/autism-spectrum-disorder-assessments) - [Mental health treatment package](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/mental-health-treatment-programme) - [Cancer-related mental health support](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/mental-health-support-for-cancer) [View all services](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services) ### Dementia - [Specialist dementia care](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/specialist-dementia-care-in-york) - [Types of dementia](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/types-of-dementia) ### Therapies - [Specialist therapy groups](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/specialist-group-therapy-programme) - [Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt) - [Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT)](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/dialectical-behaviour-therapy) - [EMDR therapy](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/eye-movement-desensitisation-and-reprocessing-emdr-therapy) - [ERP (Exposure therapy)](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/exposure-response-prevention-erp-therapy) - [Occupational Therapy](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/occupational-therapy-for-mental-health) [View all therapies](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services) - [Information for patients](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/information-for-patients) - [Find a specialist](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/specialists) - [Refer yourself for treatment]() - [Treatment funding & prices](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatment-funding-options) - Locations - [Schoen Clinic Chelsea](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/chelsea) - [Wellen Court, Schoen Clinic York](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/specialist-dementia-care-in-york) - [Blog](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/blog) - [Blog](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/blog) - [Podcast](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/unscripted-podcast) - [Video Library](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/video-library) # Long Covid and Mental Health: Five Years On, What Have We Learned? - Jul 2, 2025 - 4 min read Updated: Jul 8, 2025 Author: [Dr James Woolley](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/specialists/dr-james-woolley) , Consultant Psychiatrist at [Schoen Clinic Chelsea](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/chelsea) As we reach five years since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, the long-term mental health impact of long Covid remains a critical concern for patients, clinicians, and health services. Long Covid, defined as symptoms lasting more than four weeks after acute infection, affects millions worldwide. Alongside fatigue, breathlessness, and pain, persistent psychological and cognitive symptoms are now recognised as major and often disabling features of the condition. ## Mental Health Symptoms in Long Covid: Depression, Anxiety and PTSD Research shows that around one in four people with long Covid experience significant mental health symptoms, including: - [Depression](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/depression) - [Generalised anxiety](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/generalised-anxiety-disorder) - [Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/trauma) - Panic or [health-related anxiety](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/health-anxiety) These symptoms can persist for two years or more, far exceeding typical recovery timelines. Studies suggest that 30–40% of long Covid patients report depression and anxiety, a prevalence substantially higher than pre-pandemic levels. ![Woman experiencing brain fog and anxiety due to long Covid symptoms](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c4d39d_2c6b3deea87e467eb6d9bd4d322165db~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_980,h_653,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/c4d39d_2c6b3deea87e467eb6d9bd4d322165db~mv2.jpg) Woman experiencing brain fog and anxiety due to long Covid symptoms ## Cognitive Impairment and Brain Fog After Covid-19 One of the most commonly reported issues in long Covid is 'brain fog', a constellation of symptoms including: - Difficulty concentrating - Memory lapses - Slowed thinking or processing Recent data suggests that 40–60% of long Covid sufferers experience these cognitive difficulties, which can severely impair daily functioning, work, and quality of life. A large UK Biobank study found that COVID-19 survivors have a "54% increased risk of developing new psychiatric disorders within a year", including mood, anxiety, sleep, and psychotic disorders, with risks heightened in those hospitalised and unvaccinated. Encouragingly, full vaccination appears to reduce these risks significantly. ## Why Does Long Covid Cause Mental Health Problems? There is growing evidence that long Covid mental health symptoms are caused by a combination of biological and psychosocial factors: - Persistent inflammation and immune disruption during and after infection may lead to neuroinflammation, affecting areas of the brain linked to mood and cognition. - Social isolation, loss of income, and fear about long-term health have also worsened mental health outcomes. - The unpredictable nature of symptoms, with good days followed by setbacks, can result in [chronic stress](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/stress-management) , low mood, and anxiety. Many patients report feelings of loneliness, frustration, and fear about their future health, which can worsen mental health outcomes. ## How Long Covid Mental Health Symptoms Are Treated in 2025 The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for managing long Covid recommend a multidisciplinary approach that addresses both physical and psychological symptoms. Treatment includes symptom management, psychological support, and rehabilitation tailored to individual needs. Innovative therapies such as breathing retraining programmes have shown promise in improving symptoms and quality of life, alongside standard mental health interventions like [cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt) and medication when appropriate. Key components include: - [CBT for anxiety, depression or PTSD](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt) - Pacing strategies to manage fatigue and brain fog - Breathing retraining and graded activity - Medication where appropriate for mood and sleep difficulties - Psychological support and validation New therapies are emerging, but access remains uneven. Long Covid clinics are being scaled back across the UK. This shift underscores the importance of GPs and mental health teams being vigilant for long Covid-related psychiatric symptoms and providing timely support. ![CBT Therapist in a group session with participants](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/2077ea_76c097514e1f471cb536e8da5426abd4~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_980,h_654,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/2077ea_76c097514e1f471cb536e8da5426abd4~mv2.jpg) CBT Therapist in a group session with participants ## The Role of GPs and Mental Health Specialists in Long Covid Care With specialist services under pressure, it’s more important than ever that primary care clinicians and mental health teams: - Recognise long Covid-related psychiatric symptoms - Offer early assessment and referral for therapy - Support patients with clear, compassionate communication Patient-centred care and continuity, especially for those feeling isolated or stuck, are key to long-term recovery. ## Looking Ahead: What We Still Need to Understand About Long Covid and Mental Health While we now know more about the mental health burden of long Covid, there’s still much to learn. Key questions include: - Why do some people recover quickly while others don’t? - What are the most effective long-term interventions? - How can we support recovery at population level? Ongoing research is essential. We need robust, long-term data, public investment in services, and deeper understanding of the patient experience. ## Where to Get Support for Long Covid Mental Health Symptoms If you're experiencing [depression](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/depression), [anxiety](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/generalised-anxiety-disorder), [PTSD](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/trauma) or brain fog after Covid-19, you're not alone—and help is available. At [Schoen Clinic Chelsea](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/chelsea), our expert mental health team offers: - Specialist psychiatric assessment - [CBT](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt) and therapy for long Covid-related anxiety or mood problems - Support with managing cognitive symptoms and returning to daily life 👉 [Explore our services](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services) or [Contact us for a confidential consultation](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/contact-us) ### About the author: Dr Woolley ![headshot of Dr James Woolley, Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c4d39d_8975e83bf3e746eaafb355c2d7b225a3~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_980,h_737,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/c4d39d_8975e83bf3e746eaafb355c2d7b225a3~mv2.jpg) Dr James Woolley, Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea [Dr James Woolley](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/specialists/dr-james-woolley) is a highly experienced Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea, with particular expertise in treating mental health conditions that overlap with physical illness. Trained at the Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, he combines evidence-based medication with psychological therapies such as CBT. Dr Woolley also holds Fellowships with both the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Royal College of Physicians, and has published widely in leading scientific journals. Sources: \- BBC: Coronavirus and long-term mental health impacts [https://www.bbc.co.uk/worklife/article/20201021-coronavirus-the-possible-long-term-mental-health-impacts](https://www.bbc.co.uk/worklife/article/20201021-coronavirus-the-possible-long-term-mental-health-impacts) \- The Lancet Psychiatry: Mental health research priorities in COVID-19 [https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/covid/headline\_719045\_en.html](https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/covid/headline_719045_en.html) \- UK Biobank study on psychiatric risk post-Covid [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01853-4](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01853-4) \- Systematic review on mental health prevalence in long Covid [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39874315/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39874315/) and [https://](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0312351) [journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0312351](http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0312351) \- NICE rapid guideline on managing long Covid [https://meassociation.org.uk/long-covid-nice-guideline/](https://meassociation.org.uk/long-covid-nice-guideline/) and [https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188](https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188) \- Narrative review on neuropsychiatric manifestations of long Covid [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11943530/](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11943530/) \- Recent UK research on brain fog and vaccination impact [https://www.york.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2024/research/long-covid-fog/](https://www.york.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2024/research/long-covid-fog/) \- NHS North East London update on long Covid services [https://northeastlondon.icb.nhs.uk/health-services/service-updates/long-covid-service-update-february-2025/](https://northeastlondon.icb.nhs.uk/health-services/service-updates/long-covid-service-update-february-2025/) \- Yale Medicine on depression and anxiety in long Covid [https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/depression-and-anxiety-in-long-covid-why-interdisciplinary-treatment-is-needed](https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/depression-and-anxiety-in-long-covid-why-interdisciplinary-treatment-is-needed) Tags: - [mental health](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/news-blog-catalogue/tags/mental-health) - [anxiety](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/news-blog-catalogue/tags/anxiety) - [depression](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/news-blog-catalogue/tags/depression) - [burnout](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/news-blog-catalogue/tags/burnout) - [trauma](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/news-blog-catalogue/tags/trauma) - [nutrition](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/news-blog-catalogue/tags/nutrition) - [Blog](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/news-blog-catalogue/categories/blog) ## Recent Posts [See All](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/news-blog-catalogue) [![Toxic relationship patterns: how trauma shapes behaviour — and how to break the cycle](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c4d39d_16e624bc00f14b46a73804ceab0155b7~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_980,h_517,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/c4d39d_16e624bc00f14b46a73804ceab0155b7~mv2.jpg)](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/post/toxic-relationship-patterns-how-trauma-shapes-behaviour) [Toxic relationship patterns: how trauma shapes behaviour — and how to break the cycle](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/post/toxic-relationship-patterns-how-trauma-shapes-behaviour) [![Leading London mental health clinic launches new outpatient addiction treatment programme, in partnership with Rehubs](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c4d39d_c4f7f547165b49fa96279ea06ed9534b~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_980,h_619,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/c4d39d_c4f7f547165b49fa96279ea06ed9534b~mv2.jpg)](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/post/london-mental-health-clinic-launches-outpatient-addiction-treatment-programme) [Leading London mental health clinic launches new outpatient addiction treatment programme, in partnership with Rehubs](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/post/london-mental-health-clinic-launches-outpatient-addiction-treatment-programme) [![The psychology behind The Traitors: Why trust, lying and group behaviour make us lose our minds](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c4d39d_9b4ccae0a9224afda7be7c753dfc3344~mv2.avif/v1/fill/w_980,h_496,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/c4d39d_9b4ccae0a9224afda7be7c753dfc3344~mv2.avif)](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/post/the-psychology-behind-the-traitors) [The psychology behind The Traitors: Why trust, lying and group behaviour make us lose our minds](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/post/the-psychology-behind-the-traitors) Quick links - 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Readable Markdown	As we reach five years since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, the long-term mental health impact of long Covid remains a critical concern for patients, clinicians, and health services. Long Covid, defined as symptoms lasting more than four weeks after acute infection, affects millions worldwide. Alongside fatigue, breathlessness, and pain, persistent psychological and cognitive symptoms are now recognised as major and often disabling features of the condition. Mental Health Symptoms in Long Covid: Depression, Anxiety and PTSD Research shows that around one in four people with long Covid experience significant mental health symptoms, including: - [Depression](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/depression) - [Generalised anxiety](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/generalised-anxiety-disorder) - [Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/trauma) - Panic or [health-related anxiety](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/health-anxiety) These symptoms can persist for two years or more, far exceeding typical recovery timelines. Studies suggest that 30–40% of long Covid patients report depression and anxiety, a prevalence substantially higher than pre-pandemic levels. ![Woman experiencing brain fog and anxiety due to long Covid symptoms](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c4d39d_2c6b3deea87e467eb6d9bd4d322165db~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_980,h_653,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/c4d39d_2c6b3deea87e467eb6d9bd4d322165db~mv2.jpg) Woman experiencing brain fog and anxiety due to long Covid symptoms Cognitive Impairment and Brain Fog After Covid-19 One of the most commonly reported issues in long Covid is 'brain fog', a constellation of symptoms including: - Difficulty concentrating - Memory lapses - Slowed thinking or processing Recent data suggests that 40–60% of long Covid sufferers experience these cognitive difficulties, which can severely impair daily functioning, work, and quality of life. A large UK Biobank study found that COVID-19 survivors have a "54% increased risk of developing new psychiatric disorders within a year", including mood, anxiety, sleep, and psychotic disorders, with risks heightened in those hospitalised and unvaccinated. Encouragingly, full vaccination appears to reduce these risks significantly. Why Does Long Covid Cause Mental Health Problems? There is growing evidence that long Covid mental health symptoms are caused by a combination of biological and psychosocial factors: - Persistent inflammation and immune disruption during and after infection may lead to neuroinflammation, affecting areas of the brain linked to mood and cognition. - Social isolation, loss of income, and fear about long-term health have also worsened mental health outcomes. - The unpredictable nature of symptoms, with good days followed by setbacks, can result in [chronic stress](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/stress-management) , low mood, and anxiety. Many patients report feelings of loneliness, frustration, and fear about their future health, which can worsen mental health outcomes. How Long Covid Mental Health Symptoms Are Treated in 2025 The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for managing long Covid recommend a multidisciplinary approach that addresses both physical and psychological symptoms. Treatment includes symptom management, psychological support, and rehabilitation tailored to individual needs. Innovative therapies such as breathing retraining programmes have shown promise in improving symptoms and quality of life, alongside standard mental health interventions like [cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt) and medication when appropriate. Key components include: - [CBT for anxiety, depression or PTSD](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt) - Pacing strategies to manage fatigue and brain fog - Breathing retraining and graded activity - Medication where appropriate for mood and sleep difficulties - Psychological support and validation New therapies are emerging, but access remains uneven. Long Covid clinics are being scaled back across the UK. This shift underscores the importance of GPs and mental health teams being vigilant for long Covid-related psychiatric symptoms and providing timely support. ![CBT Therapist in a group session with participants](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/2077ea_76c097514e1f471cb536e8da5426abd4~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_980,h_654,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/2077ea_76c097514e1f471cb536e8da5426abd4~mv2.jpg) CBT Therapist in a group session with participants The Role of GPs and Mental Health Specialists in Long Covid Care With specialist services under pressure, it’s more important than ever that primary care clinicians and mental health teams: - Recognise long Covid-related psychiatric symptoms - Offer early assessment and referral for therapy - Support patients with clear, compassionate communication Patient-centred care and continuity, especially for those feeling isolated or stuck, are key to long-term recovery. Looking Ahead: What We Still Need to Understand About Long Covid and Mental Health While we now know more about the mental health burden of long Covid, there’s still much to learn. Key questions include: - Why do some people recover quickly while others don’t? - What are the most effective long-term interventions? - How can we support recovery at population level? Ongoing research is essential. We need robust, long-term data, public investment in services, and deeper understanding of the patient experience. Where to Get Support for Long Covid Mental Health Symptoms If you're experiencing [depression](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/depression), [anxiety](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/generalised-anxiety-disorder), [PTSD](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/trauma) or brain fog after Covid-19, you're not alone—and help is available. - Specialist psychiatric assessment - [CBT](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/treatments-and-services/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt) and therapy for long Covid-related anxiety or mood problems - Support with managing cognitive symptoms and returning to daily life About the author: Dr Woolley ![headshot of Dr James Woolley, Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c4d39d_8975e83bf3e746eaafb355c2d7b225a3~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_980,h_737,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/c4d39d_8975e83bf3e746eaafb355c2d7b225a3~mv2.jpg) Dr James Woolley, Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea [Dr James Woolley](https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/specialists/dr-james-woolley) is a highly experienced Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea, with particular expertise in treating mental health conditions that overlap with physical illness. Trained at the Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, he combines evidence-based medication with psychological therapies such as CBT. Dr Woolley also holds Fellowships with both the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Royal College of Physicians, and has published widely in leading scientific journals. Sources: \- BBC: Coronavirus and long-term mental health impacts \- The Lancet Psychiatry: Mental health research priorities in COVID-19 \- UK Biobank study on psychiatric risk post-Covid \- Systematic review on mental health prevalence in long Covid \- NICE rapid guideline on managing long Covid \- Narrative review on neuropsychiatric manifestations of long Covid \- Recent UK research on brain fog and vaccination impact \- NHS North East London update on long Covid services \- Yale Medicine on depression and anxiety in long Covid
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