🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 187 (from laksa076)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa187.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/","crawl_time":1776281568,"first_indexed_time":1599690549,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,rightsofnaturetribunal!www,\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ s443","src_root_hash":"12905560027381963787","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Case - Rights Of Nature Tribunal","meta_descriptions":["International Rights of Nature Tribunal Lima, Peru ~ December 2014 Esparanza Martinez presents ..."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Presentation\nInformation held in the Tribunal of Quito:\nRead the case brief \nPresented by\nEsperanza Martínez\n, Acción Ecológica, Ecuador\nAbout the presenter:\nEsperanza Martinez\nstudied biology and has extensive experience with leading organizations of the Ecuadorian environmental movement. Among other positions, she has been president of Acción Ecológica, president and secretary of CEDENMA (Coordinadora Ecuatoriana para la Defensa de la Naturaleza y del Medio Ambiente), coordinator of the campaign Amazonía por la Vida, and coordinator of Oilwatch. She has also authored several publications and received various awards such as the Alexander Langer Award in 2002 in Italy.\nOn April 20, 2010 there was an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon, which BP operated with the Swiss firm Transocean, that caused an estimated five million barrels of oil to be spilled into the Gulf of Mexico and the death of 11 workers.\nTwo days later, it sunk. Between 12,000 and 19,000 barrels of oil spilled per day.\nThe BP oil spill is the largest oil spill in marine waters, according to the flow estimates announced on August 2 by a federal panel of scientists, called the Flow Rate Technical Group. This panel has claimed the spill to have gone well beyond 4.9 million barrels of oil.\nOnly in July did the disastrous spill stop.\nInformations held in the Tribunal of Lima:\nVerdict, Lima:\n(Judge: Terisa Turner)\nPresenter\nEsperanza Martínez – Acción Ecologica, Ecuador\nExpert:\nMiyoko Sakashita (video), United States\nAffected:\nBraulio Gutierrez, México\nObjective of the Tribunal:\nto hear more evidence and solve\nOn April 20th 2010 the Deepwater Horizon petroleum exploration and production rig, which BP had leased from the Swiss firm Transocean, suffered an explosion and fire. Two days later the platform sank in the sea causing a massive, prolonged oil spill that was brought under control only in August 2010. The oil poured out of the seabed under high pressure into the Gulf of Mexico for 106 days. An estimated 4.9 million barrels spread over and into the sea. This is equivalent to 780 million liters of crude oil.\nThe case was filed as a lawsuit in Ecuador, signed by Vandana Shiva, Nnimmo Bassey and others, on the basis that BP’s oil spill constituted a violation of the rights of nature. The Ecuadorian court rejected the request on formal jurisdictional grounds.\nThe submitted scientific and documented evidence related to BP’s spill allows the Tribunal to issue a judgment. The Tribunal considered that the evidence presented has demonstrated the existence of serious damage to the sea and life in the Gulf of Mexico and further afield. During the spill and fire, thousands of marine species were killed, hundreds of thousands of birds and fish are now missing after their offspring and the reproduction processes of many species were negatively affected, and some 900 dolphins were found stranded, dead or dying from 2010 to December 2014. Researchers have found evidence that dolphins in the Barataria Bay of Louisiana suffer from abnormal hormone levels, lung disease and anemia related to the explosion, oil that was spilled, and dispersants used. Nearly 500 dead sea turtles have been found annually in the area. Bluefin and yellow fin tuna have been shown to suffer from diseases and irregular heartbeats. BP used synthetic bacteria that causes disastrous impacts on microorganisms. Oil trapped in the deep ocean fell to the bottom of the sea, like a fog that slowly settled over approximately 3,200 square kilometers. This sub-marine oil has produced effects on the thermo-regulation of the climate of the entire planetary system due to the biochemical and physical action of the spill in the Gulf Stream. As the Gulf of Mexico is shared among the United States, Cuba, Mexico and beyond, the spill has affected all of Central America and the Caribbean; and considering that the sea, winds and ocean currents flow without borders, the spill has affected the entire planet.\nBP must allocate funds, not to increase its exploration and exploitation in deep water, but rather for reparations for damage caused by the Gulf oil spill and the harmful use of dispersants. BP must leave underground an amount of oil equivalent to the quantity of oil spilled in the Gulf as an initial step toward leaving more oil underground. BP must incorporate into its agenda a meaningful plan for the realization of corporate social responsibility. It must respect and abide by a moratoria on oil and gas exploration and production in deep seas as well as the progressive abandonment of maritime operations overall. BP must make public all the information it has about the oil spill’s damage, the techniques used to “clean up” the mess, and make public the list of scientific institutions and individual scientists who have been commissioned by the company to undertake studies, research or technical conceptualizations and interventions in relation to the disaster.\nThe Tribunal agrees to make a request to the UN to create a collective, multilateral process to assess petroleum operations at sea, to consider and impose moratoria, and to identify necessary reparation actions for disasters past, present and future.\nThe Tribunal salutes the fast-expanding international campaign to divest investments in fossil fuel and hydrocarbon corporations (oil, gas and coal) and recommends to parties promoting such divestment that they prioritize eliminating investments in BP, because of BP’s violations of the rights of Nature with respect to its oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, while not neglecting other fossil fuel and hydrocarbon corporate divestments.\nFinally, the Tribunal urges the Constitutional Tribunal of Ecuador to initiate a review of the BP case with a view to expanding Earth jurisprudence, especially considering that Ecuador along with Bolivia are the only countries in the world, along with several dozen local communities in the USA, that recognize nature as a subject of rights and as such, that nature has rights to restoration and reparations.\nThe Tribunal recognizes that in addition to the violation of the rights of Nature in the Gulf of Mexico, BP has generated serious negative ecological impacts elsewhere that may constitute additional violations of the rights of Nature. For example, BP’s involvement in the exploitation of the Athabasca Tar Sands in northern Alberta, Canada requires investigation in this regard. Other BP exploitations of hydrocarbons demand investigation. Therefore the Tribunal has decided to remain engaged in hearings about BP’s global hydrocarbon exploitations in its subsequent hearings.\nRelated\nCases\nLearn more about the cases related to this tribunal.\nChevron\/Texaco Case\nThe Ecuadorian government concessioned a land area of approximately 1,431,430 acres to the Gulf Texaco Consortium to explore and extract ...\nCondor Mirador Mine Case\nThe Ecuadorian State, March 5, 2012 signed a contract which enables the exploration and production of copper in a fragile ecosystem ...\nFalse solutions to the climate change crisis\nGeoengineering, carbon markets, and other greenwashing activities proposed in the international fora have not halted climate change or biodiversity loss. These false solutions act as a distraction from fossil fuels coming out of the ground, and justify further extraction. As climate chaos  worsens and global temperature rise increases, false solutions provide decision-makers and fossil fuel executives impunity for lack of real action. \nYasuni ITT Case\nThe Yasuní ITT Case highlights Ecuador's violations of environmental and indigenous rights due to oil extraction in Yasuní National Park. The tribunal condemned the government, recommended halting extraction, and supported indigenous rights. In August 2023, a national vote stopped exploitation in Block 43, showing civil society’s impact.\nLearn more\nAbout the tribunal\nThe second International Rights of Nature Tribunal convened December 5-6, 2014 in Lima, Peru. For two full days a panel of 13 distinguished judges heard twelve prominent cases while on the other side of the city the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UN FCCC COP 20) deliberated.\nWe use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies.","attrs_markdown":"- info@rightsofnaturetribunal.org\n\n[![Logo](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/RoN_tribunal_logo1.png) ![Logo](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/RoN_tribunal_logo.png)](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/ \"Home\")\n- [Hearings](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ \"Hearings\")\n - [International](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ \"International\")\n - [COP30 A New Pledge For Mother Nature Tribunal 2025New](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/a-new-pledge-for-mother-nature-tribunal-2025\/ \"COP30 A New Pledge For Mother Nature Tribunal 2025\")\n - [Impacts of Mining and the Post-Extractivism Era Tribunal 2025](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/impacts-of-mining-and-the-post-extractivism-era-tribunal-2025\/ \"Impacts of Mining and the Post-Extractivism Era Tribunal 2025\")\n - [End of Fossil Fuels Era Tribunal 2024](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/end-of-fossil-fuels-tribunal-2024\/ \"End of Fossil Fuels Era Tribunal 2024\")\n - [Glasgow Tribunal 2021](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/glasgow-tribunal-2021\/ \"Glasgow Tribunal 2021\")\n - [Paris Tribunal 2015](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/paris-tribunal-2015\/ \"Paris Tribunal 2015\")\n - [Bonn Tribunal 2017](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/bonn-tribunal-2017\/ \"Bonn Tribunal 2017\")\n - [Lima Tribunal 2014](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/lima-tribunal-2014\/ \"Lima Tribunal 2014\")\n - [Quito Tribunal 2014](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/quito-tribunal-2014\/ \"Quito Tribunal 2014\")\n - [Regional](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ \"Regional\")\n - [Europe Tribunal 2021](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/europe-tribunal-2021\/ \"Europe Tribunal 2021\")\n - [Chile Tribunal 2019](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/chile-tribunal-2019\/ \"Chile Tribunal 2019\")\n - [Local](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ \"Local\")\n - [Impactos de la Minería Canadiense en Ecuador Tribunal Local 2025](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/impactos-de-la-mineria-canadiense-en-ecuador-tribunal-local-2025\/ \"Impactos de la Minería Canadiense en Ecuador Tribunal Local 2025\")\n - [Serbia Tribunal 2024](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/serbia-tribunal-2024\/ \"Serbia Tribunal 2024\")\n - [Corrientes Tribunal 2024](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/corrientes-tribunal-2024\/ \"Corrientes Tribunal 2024\")\n - [The Yesah Tribunal 2024](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/yesah-tribunal-2024\/ \"The Yesah Tribunal 2024\")\n - [Biobio Tribunal 2024](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/bio-bio-tribunal-2024\/ \"Biobio Tribunal 2024\")\n - [Tren Maya Tribunal 2023](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/maya-train-tribunal-2023\/ \"Tren Maya Tribunal 2023\")\n - [Missions](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ \"Missions\")\n - [Vaca Muerta Delegation 2023](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/vaca-muerta\/ \"Vaca Muerta Delegation 2023\")\n - [Brazil Delegation 2022](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/brazil-delegation-2022\/ \"Brazil Delegation 2022\")\n- [Assembly of Judges](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/judges\/ \"Assembly of Judges\")\n- [Tribunal Digital Library](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/digital-library\/ \"Tribunal Digital Library\")\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/about-us\/ \"About Us\")\n - [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/contact-us\/ \"Contact Us\")\n- [News](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/blog\/ \"News\")\n- [![](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/en.png)English](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ \"\n <img\n class=\\\"wpml-ls-flag\\\"\n src=\\\"https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/en.png\\\"\n alt=\\\"\\\"\n loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\n width=18\n height=12\n \/>English<\/span>\")\n - [![](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/fr.png)French](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/?lang=fr \"\n <img\n class=\\\"wpml-ls-flag\\\"\n src=\\\"https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/fr.png\\\"\n alt=\\\"\\\"\n loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\n width=18\n height=12\n \/>French<\/span>\")\n - [![](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/es.png)Spanish](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/?lang=es \"\n <img\n class=\\\"wpml-ls-flag\\\"\n src=\\\"https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/es.png\\\"\n alt=\\\"\\\"\n loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\n width=18\n height=12\n \/>Spanish<\/span>\")\n - [![](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/pt-br.png)Portuguese (Brazil)](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/?lang=pt-br \"\n <img\n class=\\\"wpml-ls-flag\\\"\n src=\\\"https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/pt-br.png\\\"\n alt=\\\"\\\"\n loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\n width=18\n height=12\n \/>Portuguese (Brazil)<\/span>\")\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/ \"Home\")\n- [Hearings](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ \"Hearings\")\n - [International](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ \"International\")\n - [COP30 A New Pledge For Mother Nature Tribunal 2025New](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/a-new-pledge-for-mother-nature-tribunal-2025\/ \"COP30 A New Pledge For Mother Nature Tribunal 2025\")\n - [Impacts of Mining and the Post-Extractivism Era Tribunal 2025](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/impacts-of-mining-and-the-post-extractivism-era-tribunal-2025\/ \"Impacts of Mining and the Post-Extractivism Era Tribunal 2025\")\n - [End of Fossil Fuels Era Tribunal 2024](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/end-of-fossil-fuels-tribunal-2024\/ \"End of Fossil Fuels Era Tribunal 2024\")\n - [Glasgow Tribunal 2021](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/glasgow-tribunal-2021\/ \"Glasgow Tribunal 2021\")\n - [Paris Tribunal 2015](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/paris-tribunal-2015\/ \"Paris Tribunal 2015\")\n - [Bonn Tribunal 2017](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/bonn-tribunal-2017\/ \"Bonn Tribunal 2017\")\n - [Lima Tribunal 2014](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/lima-tribunal-2014\/ \"Lima Tribunal 2014\")\n - [Quito Tribunal 2014](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/quito-tribunal-2014\/ \"Quito Tribunal 2014\")\n - [Regional](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ \"Regional\")\n - [Europe Tribunal 2021](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/europe-tribunal-2021\/ \"Europe Tribunal 2021\")\n - [Chile Tribunal 2019](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/chile-tribunal-2019\/ \"Chile Tribunal 2019\")\n - [Local](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ \"Local\")\n - [Impactos de la Minería Canadiense en Ecuador Tribunal Local 2025](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/impactos-de-la-mineria-canadiense-en-ecuador-tribunal-local-2025\/ \"Impactos de la Minería Canadiense en Ecuador Tribunal Local 2025\")\n - [Serbia Tribunal 2024](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/serbia-tribunal-2024\/ \"Serbia Tribunal 2024\")\n - [Corrientes Tribunal 2024](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/corrientes-tribunal-2024\/ \"Corrientes Tribunal 2024\")\n - [The Yesah Tribunal 2024](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/yesah-tribunal-2024\/ \"The Yesah Tribunal 2024\")\n - [Biobio Tribunal 2024](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/bio-bio-tribunal-2024\/ \"Biobio Tribunal 2024\")\n - [Tren Maya Tribunal 2023](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/maya-train-tribunal-2023\/ \"Tren Maya Tribunal 2023\")\n - [Missions](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ \"Missions\")\n - [Vaca Muerta Delegation 2023](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/vaca-muerta\/ \"Vaca Muerta Delegation 2023\")\n - [Brazil Delegation 2022](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/brazil-delegation-2022\/ \"Brazil Delegation 2022\")\n- [Assembly of Judges](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/judges\/ \"Assembly of Judges\")\n- [Tribunal Digital Library](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/digital-library\/ \"Tribunal Digital Library\")\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/about-us\/ \"About Us\")\n - [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/contact-us\/ \"Contact Us\")\n- [News](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/blog\/ \"News\")\n- [![](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/en.png)English](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/ \"\n <img\n class=\\\"wpml-ls-flag\\\"\n src=\\\"https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/en.png\\\"\n alt=\\\"\\\"\n loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\n width=18\n height=12\n \/>English<\/span>\")\n - [![](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/fr.png)French](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/?lang=fr \"\n <img\n class=\\\"wpml-ls-flag\\\"\n src=\\\"https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/fr.png\\\"\n alt=\\\"\\\"\n loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\n width=18\n height=12\n \/>French<\/span>\")\n - [![](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/es.png)Spanish](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/?lang=es \"\n <img\n class=\\\"wpml-ls-flag\\\"\n src=\\\"https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/es.png\\\"\n alt=\\\"\\\"\n loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\n width=18\n height=12\n \/>Spanish<\/span>\")\n - [![](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/pt-br.png)Portuguese (Brazil)](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/?lang=pt-br \"\n <img\n class=\\\"wpml-ls-flag\\\"\n src=\\\"https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/sitepress-multilingual-cms\/res\/flags\/pt-br.png\\\"\n alt=\\\"\\\"\n loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\n width=18\n height=12\n \/>Portuguese (Brazil)<\/span>\")\n\n# British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Case\n![Tottem-Quito-2014](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Tottem-Quito-2014-1000x300.jpg)\n\n## Presentation\n**Information held in the Tribunal of Quito:**\n\n[Read the case brief](https:\/\/da0854d1-c956-4b5c-a58c-cd1c1f129a5f.usrfiles.com\/ugd\/da0854_a002d77555c94bb2802e6dd5955a23b0.pdf)\n\n**Presented by** ***Esperanza Martínez*, Acción Ecológica, Ecuador**\n\n**About the presenter:**\n\n**Esperanza Martinez** studied biology and has extensive experience with leading organizations of the Ecuadorian environmental movement. Among other positions, she has been president of Acción Ecológica, president and secretary of CEDENMA (Coordinadora Ecuatoriana para la Defensa de la Naturaleza y del Medio Ambiente), coordinator of the campaign Amazonía por la Vida, and coordinator of Oilwatch. She has also authored several publications and received various awards such as the Alexander Langer Award in 2002 in Italy.\n\nOn April 20, 2010 there was an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon, which BP operated with the Swiss firm Transocean, that caused an estimated five million barrels of oil to be spilled into the Gulf of Mexico and the death of 11 workers.\n\n> Two days later, it sunk. Between 12,000 and 19,000 barrels of oil spilled per day.\n\nThe BP oil spill is the largest oil spill in marine waters, according to the flow estimates announced on August 2 by a federal panel of scientists, called the Flow Rate Technical Group. This panel has claimed the spill to have gone well beyond 4.9 million barrels of oil.\n\nOnly in July did the disastrous spill stop.\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bp-2-case.png)\n\n[Download Case Presentation](http:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bp-2-case.pdf)\n\n[Download Case Review](http:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/CASE-British-Petroleum-Oil-Spill-in-the-Gulf-of-Mexico.pdf)\n\n![Tottem-Lima-2014](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Tottem-Lima-2014-1000x300.jpg)\n\n**Informations held in the Tribunal of Lima:**\n\n**Verdict, Lima:** (Judge: Terisa Turner)\n\n**Presenter** Esperanza Martínez – Acción Ecologica, Ecuador\n\n**Expert:** Miyoko Sakashita (video), United States\n\n**Affected:** Braulio Gutierrez, México\n\n**Objective of the Tribunal:** to hear more evidence and solve\n\nOn April 20th 2010 the Deepwater Horizon petroleum exploration and production rig, which BP had leased from the Swiss firm Transocean, suffered an explosion and fire. Two days later the platform sank in the sea causing a massive, prolonged oil spill that was brought under control only in August 2010. The oil poured out of the seabed under high pressure into the Gulf of Mexico for 106 days. An estimated 4.9 million barrels spread over and into the sea. This is equivalent to 780 million liters of crude oil.\n\nThe case was filed as a lawsuit in Ecuador, signed by Vandana Shiva, Nnimmo Bassey and others, on the basis that BP’s oil spill constituted a violation of the rights of nature. The Ecuadorian court rejected the request on formal jurisdictional grounds.\n\nThe submitted scientific and documented evidence related to BP’s spill allows the Tribunal to issue a judgment. The Tribunal considered that the evidence presented has demonstrated the existence of serious damage to the sea and life in the Gulf of Mexico and further afield. During the spill and fire, thousands of marine species were killed, hundreds of thousands of birds and fish are now missing after their offspring and the reproduction processes of many species were negatively affected, and some 900 dolphins were found stranded, dead or dying from 2010 to December 2014. Researchers have found evidence that dolphins in the Barataria Bay of Louisiana suffer from abnormal hormone levels, lung disease and anemia related to the explosion, oil that was spilled, and dispersants used. Nearly 500 dead sea turtles have been found annually in the area. Bluefin and yellow fin tuna have been shown to suffer from diseases and irregular heartbeats. BP used synthetic bacteria that causes disastrous impacts on microorganisms. Oil trapped in the deep ocean fell to the bottom of the sea, like a fog that slowly settled over approximately 3,200 square kilometers. This sub-marine oil has produced effects on the thermo-regulation of the climate of the entire planetary system due to the biochemical and physical action of the spill in the Gulf Stream. As the Gulf of Mexico is shared among the United States, Cuba, Mexico and beyond, the spill has affected all of Central America and the Caribbean; and considering that the sea, winds and ocean currents flow without borders, the spill has affected the entire planet.\n\nBP must allocate funds, not to increase its exploration and exploitation in deep water, but rather for reparations for damage caused by the Gulf oil spill and the harmful use of dispersants. BP must leave underground an amount of oil equivalent to the quantity of oil spilled in the Gulf as an initial step toward leaving more oil underground. BP must incorporate into its agenda a meaningful plan for the realization of corporate social responsibility. It must respect and abide by a moratoria on oil and gas exploration and production in deep seas as well as the progressive abandonment of maritime operations overall. BP must make public all the information it has about the oil spill’s damage, the techniques used to “clean up” the mess, and make public the list of scientific institutions and individual scientists who have been commissioned by the company to undertake studies, research or technical conceptualizations and interventions in relation to the disaster.\n\nThe Tribunal agrees to make a request to the UN to create a collective, multilateral process to assess petroleum operations at sea, to consider and impose moratoria, and to identify necessary reparation actions for disasters past, present and future.\n\nThe Tribunal salutes the fast-expanding international campaign to divest investments in fossil fuel and hydrocarbon corporations (oil, gas and coal) and recommends to parties promoting such divestment that they prioritize eliminating investments in BP, because of BP’s violations of the rights of Nature with respect to its oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, while not neglecting other fossil fuel and hydrocarbon corporate divestments.\n\nFinally, the Tribunal urges the Constitutional Tribunal of Ecuador to initiate a review of the BP case with a view to expanding Earth jurisprudence, especially considering that Ecuador along with Bolivia are the only countries in the world, along with several dozen local communities in the USA, that recognize nature as a subject of rights and as such, that nature has rights to restoration and reparations.\n\nThe Tribunal recognizes that in addition to the violation of the rights of Nature in the Gulf of Mexico, BP has generated serious negative ecological impacts elsewhere that may constitute additional violations of the rights of Nature. For example, BP’s involvement in the exploitation of the Athabasca Tar Sands in northern Alberta, Canada requires investigation in this regard. Other BP exploitations of hydrocarbons demand investigation. Therefore the Tribunal has decided to remain engaged in hearings about BP’s global hydrocarbon exploitations in its subsequent hearings.\n\n### Related Cases\nLearn more about the cases related to this tribunal.\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Deepwater_Horizon_Oil_Spill_-_Gulf_of_Mexico1-300x300.jpg)\n\n#### [British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/)\nInternational Rights of Nature Tribunal Lima, Peru ~ December 2014 Esparanza Martinez presents ...\n\n[View Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case\/)\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Chevron-texaco-300x300.jpg)\n\n#### [Chevron\/Texaco Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/chevron-texaco-case\/)\nThe Ecuadorian government concessioned a land area of approximately 1,431,430 acres to the Gulf Texaco Consortium to explore and extract ...\n\n[View Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/chevron-texaco-case\/)\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Condor-mirador-300x300.jpg)\n\n#### [Condor Mirador Mine Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/condor-mirador-mine-case\/)\nThe Ecuadorian State, March 5, 2012 signed a contract which enables the exploration and production of copper in a fragile ecosystem ...\n\n[View Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/condor-mirador-mine-case\/)\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/defenders-300x300.jpg)\n\n#### [Defenders of Nature and Mother Earth Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/defenders-of-nature-and-mother-earth\/)\nThe UDRME requires all human beings and institutions to defend the rights of Mother Earth and of all beings ...\n\n[View Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/defenders-of-nature-and-mother-earth\/)\n\n#### [False solutions to the climate change crisis](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/climate-change-case\/)\nGeoengineering, carbon markets, and other greenwashing activities proposed in the international fora have not halted climate change or biodiversity loss. These false solutions act as a distraction from fossil fuels coming out of the ground, and justify further extraction. As climate chaos worsens and global temperature rise increases, false solutions provide decision-makers and fossil fuel executives impunity for lack of real action.\n\n[View Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/climate-change-case\/)\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Yasuni2-300x300.jpg)\n\n#### [Yasuni ITT Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/yasuni-itt-case\/)\nThe Yasuní ITT Case highlights Ecuador's violations of environmental and indigenous rights due to oil extraction in Yasuní National Park. The tribunal condemned the government, recommended halting extraction, and supported indigenous rights. In August 2023, a national vote stopped exploitation in Block 43, showing civil society’s impact.\n\n[View Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/yasuni-itt-case\/)\n\n### Learn more About the tribunal\nThe second International Rights of Nature Tribunal convened December 5-6, 2014 in Lima, Peru. For two full days a panel of 13 distinguished judges heard twelve prominent cases while on the other side of the city the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UN FCCC COP 20) deliberated.\n\n[Read More](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/lima-tribunal-2014\/)\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Tottem-Lima-2014.jpg)\n\n![](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ron_tribunal_square.png)\n\n#### Latest News\n[![sentencia ecuador canada](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Tribunal-Ecuador-10-100x70.png)](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/sentencia-ecuador-canada\/)\n\n##### [El Tribunal Internacional de los Derechos de la Naturaleza entrega su sentencia sobre minería en Ecuador a la Embajada de Canadá](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/sentencia-ecuador-canada\/)\nApril 9, 2026\n\n[![6th international rights of nature tribunal judgment ecocide](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/option-3-100x70.png)](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/6th-international-tribunal-judgment\/)\n\n##### [6th International Rights of Nature Tribunal judgment declares fossil fuels and large-scale mining a global pattern of ecocide](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/6th-international-tribunal-judgment\/)\nMarch 22, 2026\n\n#### Tribunals\n[Glasgow 2021](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/glasgow-tribunal-2021\/) \n [Europe 2021](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/europe-tribunal-2021\/) \n [Chile 2019](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/chile-tribunal-2019\/) \n [Bonn 2017](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/bonn-tribunal-2017\/) \n [Paris 2015](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/paris-tribunal-2015\/) \n [Lima 2014](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/lima-tribunal-2014\/) \n [Quito 2014](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/quito-tribunal-2014\/) \n [Tren Maya Tribunal 2023](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/tribunals\/maya-train-tribunal-2023\/)\n\n#### Useful Links\n[Cases](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/)\n\n[Assembly of Judges](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/judges\/)\n\n[About Us](http:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/about-us\/)\n\n[News](http:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/blog\/)\n\n[Contact Us](http:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/contact-us\/)\n\n[Privacy Policy](http:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/privacy-policy\/)\n\n© An initiative of the Global Alliance for the Rights of Nature\n\n© 2021 - All Rights Reserved.\n\nPowered & Designed by [DGTL](https:\/\/dgtl.ec\/)\n\nWe use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies.\n\n[REJECT]()[ACCEPT]()\n\nPrivacy Policy\n\nClose\n\n#### Privacy Overview\nThis website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience.\n\n[Necessary]()\n\nNecessary\n\nAlways Enabled\n\nNecessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information.\n\n[Non-necessary]()\n\nNon-necessary\n\nAny cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.\n\n[SAVE & ACCEPT]()","attrs_readable_markdown":"![Tottem-Quito-2014](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Tottem-Quito-2014-1000x300.jpg)\n\n## Presentation\n**Information held in the Tribunal of Quito:**\n\n[Read the case brief](https:\/\/da0854d1-c956-4b5c-a58c-cd1c1f129a5f.usrfiles.com\/ugd\/da0854_a002d77555c94bb2802e6dd5955a23b0.pdf)\n\n**Presented by** ***Esperanza Martínez*, Acción Ecológica, Ecuador**\n\n**About the presenter:**\n\n**Esperanza Martinez** studied biology and has extensive experience with leading organizations of the Ecuadorian environmental movement. Among other positions, she has been president of Acción Ecológica, president and secretary of CEDENMA (Coordinadora Ecuatoriana para la Defensa de la Naturaleza y del Medio Ambiente), coordinator of the campaign Amazonía por la Vida, and coordinator of Oilwatch. She has also authored several publications and received various awards such as the Alexander Langer Award in 2002 in Italy.\n\nOn April 20, 2010 there was an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon, which BP operated with the Swiss firm Transocean, that caused an estimated five million barrels of oil to be spilled into the Gulf of Mexico and the death of 11 workers.\n\n> Two days later, it sunk. Between 12,000 and 19,000 barrels of oil spilled per day.\n\nThe BP oil spill is the largest oil spill in marine waters, according to the flow estimates announced on August 2 by a federal panel of scientists, called the Flow Rate Technical Group. This panel has claimed the spill to have gone well beyond 4.9 million barrels of oil.\n\nOnly in July did the disastrous spill stop.\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bp-2-case.png)\n\n![Tottem-Lima-2014](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Tottem-Lima-2014-1000x300.jpg)\n\n**Informations held in the Tribunal of Lima:**\n\n**Verdict, Lima:** (Judge: Terisa Turner)\n\n**Presenter** Esperanza Martínez – Acción Ecologica, Ecuador\n\n**Expert:** Miyoko Sakashita (video), United States\n\n**Affected:** Braulio Gutierrez, México\n\n**Objective of the Tribunal:** to hear more evidence and solve\n\nOn April 20th 2010 the Deepwater Horizon petroleum exploration and production rig, which BP had leased from the Swiss firm Transocean, suffered an explosion and fire. Two days later the platform sank in the sea causing a massive, prolonged oil spill that was brought under control only in August 2010. The oil poured out of the seabed under high pressure into the Gulf of Mexico for 106 days. An estimated 4.9 million barrels spread over and into the sea. This is equivalent to 780 million liters of crude oil.\n\nThe case was filed as a lawsuit in Ecuador, signed by Vandana Shiva, Nnimmo Bassey and others, on the basis that BP’s oil spill constituted a violation of the rights of nature. The Ecuadorian court rejected the request on formal jurisdictional grounds.\n\nThe submitted scientific and documented evidence related to BP’s spill allows the Tribunal to issue a judgment. The Tribunal considered that the evidence presented has demonstrated the existence of serious damage to the sea and life in the Gulf of Mexico and further afield. During the spill and fire, thousands of marine species were killed, hundreds of thousands of birds and fish are now missing after their offspring and the reproduction processes of many species were negatively affected, and some 900 dolphins were found stranded, dead or dying from 2010 to December 2014. Researchers have found evidence that dolphins in the Barataria Bay of Louisiana suffer from abnormal hormone levels, lung disease and anemia related to the explosion, oil that was spilled, and dispersants used. Nearly 500 dead sea turtles have been found annually in the area. Bluefin and yellow fin tuna have been shown to suffer from diseases and irregular heartbeats. BP used synthetic bacteria that causes disastrous impacts on microorganisms. Oil trapped in the deep ocean fell to the bottom of the sea, like a fog that slowly settled over approximately 3,200 square kilometers. This sub-marine oil has produced effects on the thermo-regulation of the climate of the entire planetary system due to the biochemical and physical action of the spill in the Gulf Stream. As the Gulf of Mexico is shared among the United States, Cuba, Mexico and beyond, the spill has affected all of Central America and the Caribbean; and considering that the sea, winds and ocean currents flow without borders, the spill has affected the entire planet.\n\nBP must allocate funds, not to increase its exploration and exploitation in deep water, but rather for reparations for damage caused by the Gulf oil spill and the harmful use of dispersants. BP must leave underground an amount of oil equivalent to the quantity of oil spilled in the Gulf as an initial step toward leaving more oil underground. BP must incorporate into its agenda a meaningful plan for the realization of corporate social responsibility. It must respect and abide by a moratoria on oil and gas exploration and production in deep seas as well as the progressive abandonment of maritime operations overall. BP must make public all the information it has about the oil spill’s damage, the techniques used to “clean up” the mess, and make public the list of scientific institutions and individual scientists who have been commissioned by the company to undertake studies, research or technical conceptualizations and interventions in relation to the disaster.\n\nThe Tribunal agrees to make a request to the UN to create a collective, multilateral process to assess petroleum operations at sea, to consider and impose moratoria, and to identify necessary reparation actions for disasters past, present and future.\n\nThe Tribunal salutes the fast-expanding international campaign to divest investments in fossil fuel and hydrocarbon corporations (oil, gas and coal) and recommends to parties promoting such divestment that they prioritize eliminating investments in BP, because of BP’s violations of the rights of Nature with respect to its oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, while not neglecting other fossil fuel and hydrocarbon corporate divestments.\n\nFinally, the Tribunal urges the Constitutional Tribunal of Ecuador to initiate a review of the BP case with a view to expanding Earth jurisprudence, especially considering that Ecuador along with Bolivia are the only countries in the world, along with several dozen local communities in the USA, that recognize nature as a subject of rights and as such, that nature has rights to restoration and reparations.\n\nThe Tribunal recognizes that in addition to the violation of the rights of Nature in the Gulf of Mexico, BP has generated serious negative ecological impacts elsewhere that may constitute additional violations of the rights of Nature. For example, BP’s involvement in the exploitation of the Athabasca Tar Sands in northern Alberta, Canada requires investigation in this regard. Other BP exploitations of hydrocarbons demand investigation. Therefore the Tribunal has decided to remain engaged in hearings about BP’s global hydrocarbon exploitations in its subsequent hearings.\n\n### Related Cases\nLearn more about the cases related to this tribunal.\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Deepwater_Horizon_Oil_Spill_-_Gulf_of_Mexico1-300x300.jpg)\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Chevron-texaco-300x300.jpg)\n\n#### [Chevron\/Texaco Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/chevron-texaco-case\/)\nThe Ecuadorian government concessioned a land area of approximately 1,431,430 acres to the Gulf Texaco Consortium to explore and extract ...\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Condor-mirador-300x300.jpg)\n\n#### [Condor Mirador Mine Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/condor-mirador-mine-case\/)\nThe Ecuadorian State, March 5, 2012 signed a contract which enables the exploration and production of copper in a fragile ecosystem ...\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/defenders-300x300.jpg)\n\n#### [False solutions to the climate change crisis](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/climate-change-case\/)\nGeoengineering, carbon markets, and other greenwashing activities proposed in the international fora have not halted climate change or biodiversity loss. These false solutions act as a distraction from fossil fuels coming out of the ground, and justify further extraction. As climate chaos worsens and global temperature rise increases, false solutions provide decision-makers and fossil fuel executives impunity for lack of real action.\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Yasuni2-300x300.jpg)\n\n#### [Yasuni ITT Case](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/cases\/yasuni-itt-case\/)\nThe Yasuní ITT Case highlights Ecuador's violations of environmental and indigenous rights due to oil extraction in Yasuní National Park. The tribunal condemned the government, recommended halting extraction, and supported indigenous rights. In August 2023, a national vote stopped exploitation in Block 43, showing civil society’s impact.\n\n### Learn more About the tribunal\nThe second International Rights of Nature Tribunal convened December 5-6, 2014 in Lima, Peru. For two full days a panel of 13 distinguished judges heard twelve prominent cases while on the other side of the city the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UN FCCC COP 20) deliberated.\n\n![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https:\/\/www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Tottem-Lima-2014.jpg)\n\nWe use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Presentation Information held in the Tribunal of Quito: Read the case brief Presented by Esperanza Martínez , Acción Ecológica, Ecuador About the presenter: Esperanza Martinez studied biology and has extensive experience with leading organizations of the Ecuadorian environmental movement. Among other positions, she has been president of Acción Ecológica, president and secretary of CEDENMA (Coordinadora Ecuatoriana para la Defensa de la Naturaleza y del Medio Ambiente), coordinator of the campaign Amazonía por la Vida, and coordinator of Oilwatch. She has also authored several publications and received various awards such as the Alexander Langer Award in 2002 in Italy. On April 20, 2010 there was an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon, which BP operated with the Swiss firm Transocean, that caused an estimated five million barrels of oil to be spilled into the Gulf of Mexico and the death of 11 workers. Two days later, it sunk. Between 12,000 and 19,000 barrels of oil spilled per day. The BP oil spill is the largest oil spill in marine waters, according to the flow estimates announced on August 2 by a federal panel of scientists, called the Flow Rate Technical Group. This panel has claimed the spill to have gone well beyond 4.9 million barrels of oil. Only in July did the disastrous spill stop. Informations held in the Tribunal of Lima: Verdict, Lima: (Judge: Terisa Turner) Presenter Esperanza Martínez – Acción Ecologica, Ecuador Expert: Miyoko Sakashita (video), United States Affected: Braulio Gutierrez, México Objective of the Tribunal: to hear more evidence and solve On April 20th 2010 the Deepwater Horizon petroleum exploration and production rig, which BP had leased from the Swiss firm Transocean, suffered an explosion and fire. Two days later the platform sank in the sea causing a massive, prolonged oil spill that was brought under control only in August 2010. The oil poured out of the seabed under high pressure into the Gulf of Mexico for 106 days. An estimated 4.9 million barrels spread over and into the sea. This is equivalent to 780 million liters of crude oil. The case was filed as a lawsuit in Ecuador, signed by Vandana Shiva, Nnimmo Bassey and others, on the basis that BP’s oil spill constituted a violation of the rights of nature. The Ecuadorian court rejected the request on formal jurisdictional grounds. The submitted scientific and documented evidence related to BP’s spill allows the Tribunal to issue a judgment. The Tribunal considered that the evidence presented has demonstrated the existence of serious damage to the sea and life in the Gulf of Mexico and further afield. During the spill and fire, thousands of marine species were killed, hundreds of thousands of birds and fish are now missing after their offspring and the reproduction processes of many species were negatively affected, and some 900 dolphins were found stranded, dead or dying from 2010 to December 2014. Researchers have found evidence that dolphins in the Barataria Bay of Louisiana suffer from abnormal hormone levels, lung disease and anemia related to the explosion, oil that was spilled, and dispersants used. Nearly 500 dead sea turtles have been found annually in the area. Bluefin and yellow fin tuna have been shown to suffer from diseases and irregular heartbeats. BP used synthetic bacteria that causes disastrous impacts on microorganisms. Oil trapped in the deep ocean fell to the bottom of the sea, like a fog that slowly settled over approximately 3,200 square kilometers. This sub-marine oil has produced effects on the thermo-regulation of the climate of the entire planetary system due to the biochemical and physical action of the spill in the Gulf Stream. As the Gulf of Mexico is shared among the United States, Cuba, Mexico and beyond, the spill has affected all of Central America and the Caribbean; and considering that the sea, winds and ocean currents flow without borders, the spill has affected the entire planet. BP must allocate funds, not to increase its exploration and exploitation in deep water, but rather for reparations for damage caused by the Gulf oil spill and the harmful use of dispersants. BP must leave underground an amount of oil equivalent to the quantity of oil spilled in the Gulf as an initial step toward leaving more oil underground. BP must incorporate into its agenda a meaningful plan for the realization of corporate social responsibility. It must respect and abide by a moratoria on oil and gas exploration and production in deep seas as well as the progressive abandonment of maritime operations overall. BP must make public all the information it has about the oil spill’s damage, the techniques used to “clean up” the mess, and make public the list of scientific institutions and individual scientists who have been commissioned by the company to undertake studies, research or technical conceptualizations and interventions in relation to the disaster. The Tribunal agrees to make a request to the UN to create a collective, multilateral process to assess petroleum operations at sea, to consider and impose moratoria, and to identify necessary reparation actions for disasters past, present and future. The Tribunal salutes the fast-expanding international campaign to divest investments in fossil fuel and hydrocarbon corporations (oil, gas and coal) and recommends to parties promoting such divestment that they prioritize eliminating investments in BP, because of BP’s violations of the rights of Nature with respect to its oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, while not neglecting other fossil fuel and hydrocarbon corporate divestments. Finally, the Tribunal urges the Constitutional Tribunal of Ecuador to initiate a review of the BP case with a view to expanding Earth jurisprudence, especially considering that Ecuador along with Bolivia are the only countries in the world, along with several dozen local communities in the USA, that recognize nature as a subject of rights and as such, that nature has rights to restoration and reparations. The Tribunal recognizes that in addition to the violation of the rights of Nature in the Gulf of Mexico, BP has generated serious negative ecological impacts elsewhere that may constitute additional violations of the rights of Nature. For example, BP’s involvement in the exploitation of the Athabasca Tar Sands in northern Alberta, Canada requires investigation in this regard. Other BP exploitations of hydrocarbons demand investigation. Therefore the Tribunal has decided to remain engaged in hearings about BP’s global hydrocarbon exploitations in its subsequent hearings. Related Cases Learn more about the cases related to this tribunal. Chevron/Texaco Case The Ecuadorian government concessioned a land area of approximately 1,431,430 acres to the Gulf Texaco Consortium to explore and extract ... Condor Mirador Mine Case The Ecuadorian State, March 5, 2012 signed a contract which enables the exploration and production of copper in a fragile ecosystem ... False solutions to the climate change crisis Geoengineering, carbon markets, and other greenwashing activities proposed in the international fora have not halted climate change or biodiversity loss. These false solutions act as a distraction from fossil fuels coming out of the ground, and justify further extraction. As climate chaos worsens and global temperature rise increases, false solutions provide decision-makers and fossil fuel executives impunity for lack of real action. Yasuni ITT Case The Yasuní ITT Case highlights Ecuador's violations of environmental and indigenous rights due to oil extraction in Yasuní National Park. The tribunal condemned the government, recommended halting extraction, and supported indigenous rights. In August 2023, a national vote stopped exploitation in Block 43, showing civil society’s impact. Learn more About the tribunal The second International Rights of Nature Tribunal convened December 5-6, 2014 in Lima, Peru. For two full days a panel of 13 distinguished judges heard twelve prominent cases while on the other side of the city the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UN FCCC COP 20) deliberated. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies.
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[![](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/es.png)Spanish](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case/?lang=es " <img class=\"wpml-ls-flag\" src=\"https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/es.png\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=18 height=12 /><span class=\"wpml-ls-display\">Spanish</span>") - [![](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/pt-br.png)Portuguese (Brazil)](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case/?lang=pt-br " <img class=\"wpml-ls-flag\" src=\"https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/pt-br.png\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=18 height=12 /><span class=\"wpml-ls-display\">Portuguese (Brazil)</span>") # British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Case ![Tottem-Quito-2014](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Tottem-Quito-2014-1000x300.jpg) ## Presentation Information held in the Tribunal of Quito: [Read the case brief](https://da0854d1-c956-4b5c-a58c-cd1c1f129a5f.usrfiles.com/ugd/da0854_a002d77555c94bb2802e6dd5955a23b0.pdf) Presented by **Esperanza Martínez, Acción Ecológica, Ecuador About the presenter: Esperanza Martinez studied biology and has extensive experience with leading organizations of the Ecuadorian environmental movement. Among other positions, she has been president of Acción Ecológica, president and secretary of CEDENMA (Coordinadora Ecuatoriana para la Defensa de la Naturaleza y del Medio Ambiente), coordinator of the campaign Amazonía por la Vida, and coordinator of Oilwatch. She has also authored several publications and received various awards such as the Alexander Langer Award in 2002 in Italy. On April 20, 2010 there was an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon, which BP operated with the Swiss firm Transocean, that caused an estimated five million barrels of oil to be spilled into the Gulf of Mexico and the death of 11 workers. > Two days later, it sunk. Between 12,000 and 19,000 barrels of oil spilled per day. The BP oil spill is the largest oil spill in marine waters, according to the flow estimates announced on August 2 by a federal panel of scientists, called the Flow Rate Technical Group. This panel has claimed the spill to have gone well beyond 4.9 million barrels of oil. Only in July did the disastrous spill stop. ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/bp-2-case.png) [Download Case Presentation](http://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/bp-2-case.pdf) [Download Case Review](http://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CASE-British-Petroleum-Oil-Spill-in-the-Gulf-of-Mexico.pdf) ![Tottem-Lima-2014](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Tottem-Lima-2014-1000x300.jpg) Informations held in the Tribunal of Lima: Verdict, Lima: (Judge: Terisa Turner) Presenter Esperanza Martínez – Acción Ecologica, Ecuador Expert: Miyoko Sakashita (video), United States Affected: Braulio Gutierrez, México Objective of the Tribunal:** to hear more evidence and solve On April 20th 2010 the Deepwater Horizon petroleum exploration and production rig, which BP had leased from the Swiss firm Transocean, suffered an explosion and fire. Two days later the platform sank in the sea causing a massive, prolonged oil spill that was brought under control only in August 2010. The oil poured out of the seabed under high pressure into the Gulf of Mexico for 106 days. An estimated 4.9 million barrels spread over and into the sea. This is equivalent to 780 million liters of crude oil. The case was filed as a lawsuit in Ecuador, signed by Vandana Shiva, Nnimmo Bassey and others, on the basis that BP’s oil spill constituted a violation of the rights of nature. The Ecuadorian court rejected the request on formal jurisdictional grounds. The submitted scientific and documented evidence related to BP’s spill allows the Tribunal to issue a judgment. The Tribunal considered that the evidence presented has demonstrated the existence of serious damage to the sea and life in the Gulf of Mexico and further afield. During the spill and fire, thousands of marine species were killed, hundreds of thousands of birds and fish are now missing after their offspring and the reproduction processes of many species were negatively affected, and some 900 dolphins were found stranded, dead or dying from 2010 to December 2014. Researchers have found evidence that dolphins in the Barataria Bay of Louisiana suffer from abnormal hormone levels, lung disease and anemia related to the explosion, oil that was spilled, and dispersants used. Nearly 500 dead sea turtles have been found annually in the area. Bluefin and yellow fin tuna have been shown to suffer from diseases and irregular heartbeats. BP used synthetic bacteria that causes disastrous impacts on microorganisms. Oil trapped in the deep ocean fell to the bottom of the sea, like a fog that slowly settled over approximately 3,200 square kilometers. This sub-marine oil has produced effects on the thermo-regulation of the climate of the entire planetary system due to the biochemical and physical action of the spill in the Gulf Stream. As the Gulf of Mexico is shared among the United States, Cuba, Mexico and beyond, the spill has affected all of Central America and the Caribbean; and considering that the sea, winds and ocean currents flow without borders, the spill has affected the entire planet. BP must allocate funds, not to increase its exploration and exploitation in deep water, but rather for reparations for damage caused by the Gulf oil spill and the harmful use of dispersants. BP must leave underground an amount of oil equivalent to the quantity of oil spilled in the Gulf as an initial step toward leaving more oil underground. BP must incorporate into its agenda a meaningful plan for the realization of corporate social responsibility. It must respect and abide by a moratoria on oil and gas exploration and production in deep seas as well as the progressive abandonment of maritime operations overall. BP must make public all the information it has about the oil spill’s damage, the techniques used to “clean up” the mess, and make public the list of scientific institutions and individual scientists who have been commissioned by the company to undertake studies, research or technical conceptualizations and interventions in relation to the disaster. The Tribunal agrees to make a request to the UN to create a collective, multilateral process to assess petroleum operations at sea, to consider and impose moratoria, and to identify necessary reparation actions for disasters past, present and future. The Tribunal salutes the fast-expanding international campaign to divest investments in fossil fuel and hydrocarbon corporations (oil, gas and coal) and recommends to parties promoting such divestment that they prioritize eliminating investments in BP, because of BP’s violations of the rights of Nature with respect to its oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, while not neglecting other fossil fuel and hydrocarbon corporate divestments. Finally, the Tribunal urges the Constitutional Tribunal of Ecuador to initiate a review of the BP case with a view to expanding Earth jurisprudence, especially considering that Ecuador along with Bolivia are the only countries in the world, along with several dozen local communities in the USA, that recognize nature as a subject of rights and as such, that nature has rights to restoration and reparations. The Tribunal recognizes that in addition to the violation of the rights of Nature in the Gulf of Mexico, BP has generated serious negative ecological impacts elsewhere that may constitute additional violations of the rights of Nature. For example, BP’s involvement in the exploitation of the Athabasca Tar Sands in northern Alberta, Canada requires investigation in this regard. Other BP exploitations of hydrocarbons demand investigation. Therefore the Tribunal has decided to remain engaged in hearings about BP’s global hydrocarbon exploitations in its subsequent hearings. ### Related Cases Learn more about the cases related to this tribunal. ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Deepwater_Horizon_Oil_Spill_-_Gulf_of_Mexico1-300x300.jpg) #### [British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case/) International Rights of Nature Tribunal Lima, Peru ~ December 2014 Esparanza Martinez presents ... [View Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case/) ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Chevron-texaco-300x300.jpg) #### [Chevron/Texaco Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/chevron-texaco-case/) The Ecuadorian government concessioned a land area of approximately 1,431,430 acres to the Gulf Texaco Consortium to explore and extract ... [View Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/chevron-texaco-case/) ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Condor-mirador-300x300.jpg) #### [Condor Mirador Mine Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/condor-mirador-mine-case/) The Ecuadorian State, March 5, 2012 signed a contract which enables the exploration and production of copper in a fragile ecosystem ... [View Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/condor-mirador-mine-case/) ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/defenders-300x300.jpg) #### [Defenders of Nature and Mother Earth Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/defenders-of-nature-and-mother-earth/) The UDRME requires all human beings and institutions to defend the rights of Mother Earth and of all beings ... [View Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/defenders-of-nature-and-mother-earth/) #### [False solutions to the climate change crisis](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/climate-change-case/) Geoengineering, carbon markets, and other greenwashing activities proposed in the international fora have not halted climate change or biodiversity loss. These false solutions act as a distraction from fossil fuels coming out of the ground, and justify further extraction. As climate chaos worsens and global temperature rise increases, false solutions provide decision-makers and fossil fuel executives impunity for lack of real action. [View Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/climate-change-case/) ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Yasuni2-300x300.jpg) #### [Yasuni ITT Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/yasuni-itt-case/) The Yasuní ITT Case highlights Ecuador's violations of environmental and indigenous rights due to oil extraction in Yasuní National Park. The tribunal condemned the government, recommended halting extraction, and supported indigenous rights. In August 2023, a national vote stopped exploitation in Block 43, showing civil society’s impact. [View Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/yasuni-itt-case/) ### Learn more About the tribunal The second International Rights of Nature Tribunal convened December 5-6, 2014 in Lima, Peru. For two full days a panel of 13 distinguished judges heard twelve prominent cases while on the other side of the city the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UN FCCC COP 20) deliberated. [Read More](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/tribunals/lima-tribunal-2014/) ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Tottem-Lima-2014.jpg) ![](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/ron_tribunal_square.png) #### Latest News [![sentencia ecuador canada](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Tribunal-Ecuador-10-100x70.png)](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/sentencia-ecuador-canada/) ##### [El Tribunal Internacional de los Derechos de la Naturaleza entrega su sentencia sobre minería en Ecuador a la Embajada de Canadá](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/sentencia-ecuador-canada/) April 9, 2026 [![6th international rights of nature tribunal judgment ecocide](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/option-3-100x70.png)](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/6th-international-tribunal-judgment/) ##### [6th International Rights of Nature Tribunal judgment declares fossil fuels and large-scale mining a global pattern of ecocide](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/6th-international-tribunal-judgment/) March 22, 2026 #### Tribunals [Glasgow 2021](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/tribunals/glasgow-tribunal-2021/) [Europe 2021](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/tribunals/europe-tribunal-2021/) [Chile 2019](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/tribunals/chile-tribunal-2019/) [Bonn 2017](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/tribunals/bonn-tribunal-2017/) [Paris 2015](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/tribunals/paris-tribunal-2015/) [Lima 2014](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/tribunals/lima-tribunal-2014/) [Quito 2014](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/tribunals/quito-tribunal-2014/) [Tren Maya Tribunal 2023](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/tribunals/maya-train-tribunal-2023/) #### Useful Links [Cases](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/) [Assembly of Judges](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/judges/) [About Us](http://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/about-us/) [News](http://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/blog/) [Contact Us](http://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/contact-us/) [Privacy Policy](http://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/privacy-policy/) © An initiative of the Global Alliance for the Rights of Nature © 2021 - All Rights Reserved. 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Readable Markdown	![Tottem-Quito-2014](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Tottem-Quito-2014-1000x300.jpg) ## Presentation Information held in the Tribunal of Quito: [Read the case brief](https://da0854d1-c956-4b5c-a58c-cd1c1f129a5f.usrfiles.com/ugd/da0854_a002d77555c94bb2802e6dd5955a23b0.pdf) Presented by **Esperanza Martínez, Acción Ecológica, Ecuador About the presenter: Esperanza Martinez studied biology and has extensive experience with leading organizations of the Ecuadorian environmental movement. Among other positions, she has been president of Acción Ecológica, president and secretary of CEDENMA (Coordinadora Ecuatoriana para la Defensa de la Naturaleza y del Medio Ambiente), coordinator of the campaign Amazonía por la Vida, and coordinator of Oilwatch. She has also authored several publications and received various awards such as the Alexander Langer Award in 2002 in Italy. On April 20, 2010 there was an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon, which BP operated with the Swiss firm Transocean, that caused an estimated five million barrels of oil to be spilled into the Gulf of Mexico and the death of 11 workers. > Two days later, it sunk. Between 12,000 and 19,000 barrels of oil spilled per day. The BP oil spill is the largest oil spill in marine waters, according to the flow estimates announced on August 2 by a federal panel of scientists, called the Flow Rate Technical Group. This panel has claimed the spill to have gone well beyond 4.9 million barrels of oil. Only in July did the disastrous spill stop. ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/bp-2-case.png) ![Tottem-Lima-2014](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Tottem-Lima-2014-1000x300.jpg) Informations held in the Tribunal of Lima: Verdict, Lima: (Judge: Terisa Turner) Presenter Esperanza Martínez – Acción Ecologica, Ecuador Expert: Miyoko Sakashita (video), United States Affected: Braulio Gutierrez, México Objective of the Tribunal:** to hear more evidence and solve On April 20th 2010 the Deepwater Horizon petroleum exploration and production rig, which BP had leased from the Swiss firm Transocean, suffered an explosion and fire. Two days later the platform sank in the sea causing a massive, prolonged oil spill that was brought under control only in August 2010. The oil poured out of the seabed under high pressure into the Gulf of Mexico for 106 days. An estimated 4.9 million barrels spread over and into the sea. This is equivalent to 780 million liters of crude oil. The case was filed as a lawsuit in Ecuador, signed by Vandana Shiva, Nnimmo Bassey and others, on the basis that BP’s oil spill constituted a violation of the rights of nature. The Ecuadorian court rejected the request on formal jurisdictional grounds. The submitted scientific and documented evidence related to BP’s spill allows the Tribunal to issue a judgment. The Tribunal considered that the evidence presented has demonstrated the existence of serious damage to the sea and life in the Gulf of Mexico and further afield. During the spill and fire, thousands of marine species were killed, hundreds of thousands of birds and fish are now missing after their offspring and the reproduction processes of many species were negatively affected, and some 900 dolphins were found stranded, dead or dying from 2010 to December 2014. Researchers have found evidence that dolphins in the Barataria Bay of Louisiana suffer from abnormal hormone levels, lung disease and anemia related to the explosion, oil that was spilled, and dispersants used. Nearly 500 dead sea turtles have been found annually in the area. Bluefin and yellow fin tuna have been shown to suffer from diseases and irregular heartbeats. BP used synthetic bacteria that causes disastrous impacts on microorganisms. Oil trapped in the deep ocean fell to the bottom of the sea, like a fog that slowly settled over approximately 3,200 square kilometers. This sub-marine oil has produced effects on the thermo-regulation of the climate of the entire planetary system due to the biochemical and physical action of the spill in the Gulf Stream. As the Gulf of Mexico is shared among the United States, Cuba, Mexico and beyond, the spill has affected all of Central America and the Caribbean; and considering that the sea, winds and ocean currents flow without borders, the spill has affected the entire planet. BP must allocate funds, not to increase its exploration and exploitation in deep water, but rather for reparations for damage caused by the Gulf oil spill and the harmful use of dispersants. BP must leave underground an amount of oil equivalent to the quantity of oil spilled in the Gulf as an initial step toward leaving more oil underground. BP must incorporate into its agenda a meaningful plan for the realization of corporate social responsibility. It must respect and abide by a moratoria on oil and gas exploration and production in deep seas as well as the progressive abandonment of maritime operations overall. BP must make public all the information it has about the oil spill’s damage, the techniques used to “clean up” the mess, and make public the list of scientific institutions and individual scientists who have been commissioned by the company to undertake studies, research or technical conceptualizations and interventions in relation to the disaster. The Tribunal agrees to make a request to the UN to create a collective, multilateral process to assess petroleum operations at sea, to consider and impose moratoria, and to identify necessary reparation actions for disasters past, present and future. The Tribunal salutes the fast-expanding international campaign to divest investments in fossil fuel and hydrocarbon corporations (oil, gas and coal) and recommends to parties promoting such divestment that they prioritize eliminating investments in BP, because of BP’s violations of the rights of Nature with respect to its oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, while not neglecting other fossil fuel and hydrocarbon corporate divestments. Finally, the Tribunal urges the Constitutional Tribunal of Ecuador to initiate a review of the BP case with a view to expanding Earth jurisprudence, especially considering that Ecuador along with Bolivia are the only countries in the world, along with several dozen local communities in the USA, that recognize nature as a subject of rights and as such, that nature has rights to restoration and reparations. The Tribunal recognizes that in addition to the violation of the rights of Nature in the Gulf of Mexico, BP has generated serious negative ecological impacts elsewhere that may constitute additional violations of the rights of Nature. For example, BP’s involvement in the exploitation of the Athabasca Tar Sands in northern Alberta, Canada requires investigation in this regard. Other BP exploitations of hydrocarbons demand investigation. Therefore the Tribunal has decided to remain engaged in hearings about BP’s global hydrocarbon exploitations in its subsequent hearings. ### Related Cases Learn more about the cases related to this tribunal. ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Deepwater_Horizon_Oil_Spill_-_Gulf_of_Mexico1-300x300.jpg) ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Chevron-texaco-300x300.jpg) #### [Chevron/Texaco Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/chevron-texaco-case/) The Ecuadorian government concessioned a land area of approximately 1,431,430 acres to the Gulf Texaco Consortium to explore and extract ... ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Condor-mirador-300x300.jpg) #### [Condor Mirador Mine Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/condor-mirador-mine-case/) The Ecuadorian State, March 5, 2012 signed a contract which enables the exploration and production of copper in a fragile ecosystem ... ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/defenders-300x300.jpg) #### [False solutions to the climate change crisis](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/climate-change-case/) Geoengineering, carbon markets, and other greenwashing activities proposed in the international fora have not halted climate change or biodiversity loss. These false solutions act as a distraction from fossil fuels coming out of the ground, and justify further extraction. As climate chaos worsens and global temperature rise increases, false solutions provide decision-makers and fossil fuel executives impunity for lack of real action. ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Yasuni2-300x300.jpg) #### [Yasuni ITT Case](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/yasuni-itt-case/) The Yasuní ITT Case highlights Ecuador's violations of environmental and indigenous rights due to oil extraction in Yasuní National Park. The tribunal condemned the government, recommended halting extraction, and supported indigenous rights. In August 2023, a national vote stopped exploitation in Block 43, showing civil society’s impact. ### Learn more About the tribunal The second International Rights of Nature Tribunal convened December 5-6, 2014 in Lima, Peru. For two full days a panel of 13 distinguished judges heard twelve prominent cases while on the other side of the city the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UN FCCC COP 20) deliberated. ![International Rights of Nature Tribunal](https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Tottem-Lima-2014.jpg) We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies.
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