🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 184 (from laksa176)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa184.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.rd.com/article/chewing-gum-ban-law-country/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.rd.com/article/chewing-gum-ban-law-country/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.rd.com\/article\/chewing-gum-ban-law-country\/","crawl_time":1774591710,"first_indexed_time":1593047316,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,rd!www,\/article\/chewing-gum-ban-law-country\/ s443","src_root_hash":"18000181466351507384","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Chewing Gum Is Illegal in This Country—We're Not Kidding | Reader's Digest","meta_descriptions":["Look at any sidewalk and the chewing gum ban will make sense."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"The United States has its\nfair share of weird laws\n. You’d be crazy in Texas if\nyou think you\ncan sell your eyes\n, nuts in Nebraska if\nyour child burps in church\n, and wacko in Wisconsin if\nyou were to worry a squirrel.\nIn Singapore, chewing gum can be a criminal offense  (\nBad news, C-section patients\n, and\ntoothache-havers\n)\nModern Singapore is almost unrecognizable compared to its early years, and the spirit of the gum ban goes along with spirit which formed the Singaporean societal identity. Shortly after its creation as a sovereign nation in 1965, the Singaporean began to implement a series of laws which aimed to turn the small country into a Southeast Asian paradise.\nSingapore became spotless in short order after its founding and proceeded to grow into a trading titan. But the gum-related laws would come close to three decades after its founding. And the rationale was simple; used chewing gum ends up everywhere, from sidewalks to subways to statues.\nhagut\/shutterstock\nThe first prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, saw improper gum disposal as an attack on the very country he saw grow from humble beginnings, \naccording to the BBC.\n \nThe problem with modern societies has been sitting below the counter at 7-11 this whole time.\nThere are certain exceptions to the law, however. If someone has a medical reason for chewing away (and there are health benefits in gum chewing), then they are free from the law, if prescribed by a medical professional.\nNowadays, the enforcement of the law has lightened, and small amounts of the stuff can be brought into the country for personal use, although most Singaporeans just shy away.  Spitting it on the ground, however, could cost you upwards of $1,000.","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/article\/chewing-gum-ban-law-country\/#content)\n\n![]()\n\nMENU\n\n[![Reader's Digest Logo](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/readersdigest-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/)\n\nA Trusted Friend in a Complicated World\n\n- [The Healthy](https:\/\/www.thehealthy.com\/)\n- [Games](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/article\/brain-games-quizzes-puzzles\/)\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/home\/)\n- [Humor](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/funny\/)\n- [Knowledge](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/knowledge\/)\n- [Holidays](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/holidays\/)\n- [Subscribe](https:\/\/order.readersdigest.com\/servlet\/OrdersGateway?cds_mag_code=RDA&cds_page_id=283450&int_campaign=rda_20221014_mainnav&cds_response_key=IB7ADU108&int_source=direct&int_medium=rd.com&int_placement=mainnav&int_keycode=IB7ADU108)\n\n[![12 Everyday Things You Didn't Know Were Illegal](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/GettyImages-1251714702-EDIT.jpg?resize=72,72) 12 Everyday Things You Didn't Know Were Illegal](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/weird-laws\/)\n\n[![12 Foods You Never Knew Were Illegal in the U.S.](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/00_Foods-You-Never-Knew-Were-Illegal-in-the-US_623042354_stockcreations_FT.jpg?resize=72,72) 12 Foods You Never Knew Were Illegal in the U.S.](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/foods-illegal-united-states\/)\n\n[![17 Bizarre Things That Have Been Banned Around the World](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/17-Bizarre-Things-That-Have-Been-Banned-Around-the-World_GettyImages-86146765_FT.jpg?resize=72,72) 17 Bizarre Things That Have Been Banned Around the World](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/things-banned-around-world\/)\n\n[![It’s Illegal to Swear in Public in This One U.S. State—Seriously](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/It%E2%80%99s-Illegal-to-Swear-in-Public-in-This-One-U.S.-State%E2%80%94Seriously_492535303-tommaso-lizzul.jpg?resize=72,72) It’s Illegal to Swear in Public in This One U.S. State—Seriously](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/article\/state-illegal-to-swear\/)\n\n[![18 Things You Think Are Illegal but Aren't](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/20-things-you-think-are-illegal-but-aren-t.jpg?resize=72,72) 18 Things You Think Are Illegal but Aren't](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/things-you-think-are-illegal-but-arent\/)\n\n[![24 Funny International Laws You’d Never Know Were Real](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Funny-International-Laws-You%E2%80%99d-Never-Know-Were-Real.jpg?resize=72,72) 24 Funny International Laws You’d Never Know Were Real](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/13-funny-international-laws-youd-never-know-were-real\/)\n\n[![50 Things You Won't Believe Are Banned in the U.S.](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/00-things-you-won-t-believe-are-banned-in-the-us3_161164484_gualberto-becerra.jpg?resize=72,72) 50 Things You Won't Believe Are Banned in the U.S.](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/weird-things-banned-in-the-u-s\/)\n\n[![The 22 Weirdest Driving Laws in the Country](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/The-22-Weirdest-Driving-Laws-in-the-Country_FT.jpg?resize=72,72) The 22 Weirdest Driving Laws in the Country](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/article\/weird-driving-laws\/)\n\n[![50 of the Dumbest Laws in Every State](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/dumbest-law-state-ft.jpg?resize=72,72) 50 of the Dumbest Laws in Every State](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/dumbest-laws-america\/)\n\n[![It's Still Illegal](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/?resize=72,72) It's Still Illegal](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/joke\/its-still-illegal\/)\n\n[![13 Bizarre Christmas Laws You Never Knew Actually Existed](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_496214914-e1575319143914-scaled.jpg?resize=72,72) 13 Bizarre Christmas Laws You Never Knew Actually Existed](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/bizarre-christmas-laws\/)\n\n[![8 Pets You Probably Never Realized Are Actually Illegal to Own](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/00_Pets-You-Never-Realized-Are-Illegal-to-Own_118149634_Miroslav-Hlavko_FT.jpg?resize=72,72) 8 Pets You Probably Never Realized Are Actually Illegal to Own](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/illegal-pets\/)\n\n[![15 Weird Dog Laws You Didn't Know Existed in America](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/shutterstock_477777046-e1538427557645.jpg?resize=72,72) 15 Weird Dog Laws You Didn't Know Existed in America](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/weird-dog-laws\/)\n\n[![14 Bizarre Things the Government Actually Has the Power to Do](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/15-Bizarre-Things-the-Government-Actually-Has-the-Power-to-Do-6.jpg?resize=72,72) 14 Bizarre Things the Government Actually Has the Power to Do](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/bizarre-government-powers\/)\n\n[![Here's the Real Reason You Can't Find Coke with Real Sugar in the U.S.](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/GettyImages-2175335836-scaled-e1744052627492.jpg?resize=72,72) Here's the Real Reason You Can't Find Coke with Real Sugar in the U.S.](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/article\/coke-with-sugar\/)\n\n[![How to Remove Gum from Clothes: We Tested 10 Simple Tricks](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/GettyImages-1012948500-e1686056626221.jpg?resize=72,72) How to Remove Gum from Clothes: We Tested 10 Simple Tricks](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/how-to-get-gum-out-of-clothes\/)\n\n[![6 Countries with the Longest Lunch Breaks in the World](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/6-Countries-with-the-Longest-Lunch-Breaks-in-the-World_FT_GettyImages-2214993364.jpg?resize=72,72) 6 Countries with the Longest Lunch Breaks in the World](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/countries-with-longest-lunch-breaks\/)\n\n[![10 Places That Forbid You from Taking Pictures](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/10-Places-That-Forbid-You-from-Taking-Pictures_GettyImages-1337778103_FT.jpg?resize=72,72) 10 Places That Forbid You from Taking Pictures](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/places-forbid-taking-pictures\/)\n\n[![7 Everyday Things No U.S. President Is Allowed to Do While in Office](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/7-Everyday-Things-No-U.S.-President-Is-Allowed-to-Do-While-in-Office_GettyImages-1257245658.jpg?resize=72,72) 7 Everyday Things No U.S. President Is Allowed to Do While in Office](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/things-no-president-allowed-do-in-office\/)\n\n[![Is It Illegal to Cut Off Pillow Tags? Here's What to Know Before Pulling Out the Scissors](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Is-It-Illegal-to-Cut-Off-Pillow-Tags_GettyImages-172316101_FT.jpg?resize=72,72) Is It Illegal to Cut Off Pillow Tags? Here's What to Know Before Pulling Out the Scissors](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/article\/is-it-illegal-to-cut-off-pillow-tags\/)\n\n[RD.COM](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/)\n\n[Travel](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/travel\/)\n# Chewing Gum Is Illegal in This Country—and No, We’re Not Kidding\nBy [Sam Benson Smith](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/author\/samsmith2017\/)\n\nUpdated on Nov. 02, 2022\n\nLook at any sidewalk and the law makes sense.\n\nThe United States has its [fair share of weird laws](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/dumbest-laws-america\/). You’d be crazy in Texas if you think you [can sell your eyes](http:\/\/kisselpaso.com\/13-weird-texas-state-laws-that-are-still-active\/), nuts in Nebraska if [your child burps in church](http:\/\/www.dailynebraskan.com\/arts_and_entertainment\/weird-laws-call-nebraska-home\/article_8989d96d-2a87-5144-bd52-40262134e462.html), and wacko in Wisconsin if [you were to worry a squirrel.](http:\/\/thesevenspot.com\/articles\/2016\/04\/01\/1613_the_fine_print_weird_wisconsin_laws_make_unwitting)\n\nIn Singapore, chewing gum can be a criminal offense ([Bad news, C-section patients](https:\/\/www.thehealthy.com\/pregnancy\/chewing-gum-c-section\/), and [toothache-havers](https:\/\/www.thehealthy.com\/dental\/home-remedies-for-toothache\/))\n\nModern Singapore is almost unrecognizable compared to its early years, and the spirit of the gum ban goes along with spirit which formed the Singaporean societal identity. Shortly after its creation as a sovereign nation in 1965, the Singaporean began to implement a series of laws which aimed to turn the small country into a Southeast Asian paradise.\n\nSingapore became spotless in short order after its founding and proceeded to grow into a trading titan. But the gum-related laws would come close to three decades after its founding. And the rationale was simple; used chewing gum ends up everywhere, from sidewalks to subways to statues.\n\n![Chewing-Gum-Is-Illegal-in-This-Country—And-No,-We’re-Not-Kidding](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/01-Chewing-Gum-Is-Illegal-in-This-Country%E2%80%94And-No-We%E2%80%99re-Not-Kidding.jpg?fit=640%2C427)\n\nhagut\/shutterstock\n\nThe first prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, saw improper gum disposal as an attack on the very country he saw grow from humble beginnings, [according to the BBC.](http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-32090420)\n\nThe problem with modern societies has been sitting below the counter at 7-11 this whole time.\n\nThere are certain exceptions to the law, however. If someone has a medical reason for chewing away (and there are health benefits in gum chewing), then they are free from the law, if prescribed by a medical professional.\n\nNowadays, the enforcement of the law has lightened, and small amounts of the stuff can be brought into the country for personal use, although most Singaporeans just shy away. Spitting it on the ground, however, could cost you upwards of \\$1,000.\n\n[![Reader's Digest Logo](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><svg width="100" height="102" viewBox="0 0 100 102" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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You’d be crazy in Texas if you think you [can sell your eyes](http:\/\/kisselpaso.com\/13-weird-texas-state-laws-that-are-still-active\/), nuts in Nebraska if [your child burps in church](http:\/\/www.dailynebraskan.com\/arts_and_entertainment\/weird-laws-call-nebraska-home\/article_8989d96d-2a87-5144-bd52-40262134e462.html), and wacko in Wisconsin if [you were to worry a squirrel.](http:\/\/thesevenspot.com\/articles\/2016\/04\/01\/1613_the_fine_print_weird_wisconsin_laws_make_unwitting)\n\nIn Singapore, chewing gum can be a criminal offense ([Bad news, C-section patients](https:\/\/www.thehealthy.com\/pregnancy\/chewing-gum-c-section\/), and [toothache-havers](https:\/\/www.thehealthy.com\/dental\/home-remedies-for-toothache\/))\n\nModern Singapore is almost unrecognizable compared to its early years, and the spirit of the gum ban goes along with spirit which formed the Singaporean societal identity. Shortly after its creation as a sovereign nation in 1965, the Singaporean began to implement a series of laws which aimed to turn the small country into a Southeast Asian paradise.\n\nSingapore became spotless in short order after its founding and proceeded to grow into a trading titan. But the gum-related laws would come close to three decades after its founding. And the rationale was simple; used chewing gum ends up everywhere, from sidewalks to subways to statues.\n\n![Chewing-Gum-Is-Illegal-in-This-Country—And-No,-We’re-Not-Kidding](https:\/\/www.rd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/01-Chewing-Gum-Is-Illegal-in-This-Country%E2%80%94And-No-We%E2%80%99re-Not-Kidding.jpg?fit=640%2C427)\n\nhagut\/shutterstock\n\nThe first prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, saw improper gum disposal as an attack on the very country he saw grow from humble beginnings, [according to the BBC.](http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-32090420)\n\nThe problem with modern societies has been sitting below the counter at 7-11 this whole time.\n\nThere are certain exceptions to the law, however. If someone has a medical reason for chewing away (and there are health benefits in gum chewing), then they are free from the law, if prescribed by a medical professional.\n\nNowadays, the enforcement of the law has lightened, and small amounts of the stuff can be brought into the country for personal use, although most Singaporeans just shy away. Spitting it on the ground, however, could cost you upwards of \\$1,000.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Chewing Gum Is Illegal in This Country—We're Not Kidding \| Reader's Digest
Meta Description	Look at any sidewalk and the chewing gum ban will make sense.
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Boilerpipe Text	The United States has its fair share of weird laws . You’d be crazy in Texas if you think you can sell your eyes , nuts in Nebraska if your child burps in church , and wacko in Wisconsin if you were to worry a squirrel. In Singapore, chewing gum can be a criminal offense ( Bad news, C-section patients , and toothache-havers ) Modern Singapore is almost unrecognizable compared to its early years, and the spirit of the gum ban goes along with spirit which formed the Singaporean societal identity. Shortly after its creation as a sovereign nation in 1965, the Singaporean began to implement a series of laws which aimed to turn the small country into a Southeast Asian paradise. Singapore became spotless in short order after its founding and proceeded to grow into a trading titan. But the gum-related laws would come close to three decades after its founding. And the rationale was simple; used chewing gum ends up everywhere, from sidewalks to subways to statues. hagut/shutterstock The first prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, saw improper gum disposal as an attack on the very country he saw grow from humble beginnings, according to the BBC. The problem with modern societies has been sitting below the counter at 7-11 this whole time. There are certain exceptions to the law, however. If someone has a medical reason for chewing away (and there are health benefits in gum chewing), then they are free from the law, if prescribed by a medical professional. Nowadays, the enforcement of the law has lightened, and small amounts of the stuff can be brought into the country for personal use, although most Singaporeans just shy away. Spitting it on the ground, however, could cost you upwards of $1,000.
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Here's What to Know Before Pulling Out the Scissors](https://www.rd.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Is-It-Illegal-to-Cut-Off-Pillow-Tags_GettyImages-172316101_FT.jpg?resize=72,72) Is It Illegal to Cut Off Pillow Tags? Here's What to Know Before Pulling Out the Scissors](https://www.rd.com/article/is-it-illegal-to-cut-off-pillow-tags/) [RD.COM](https://www.rd.com/) [Travel](https://www.rd.com/travel/) # Chewing Gum Is Illegal in This Country—and No, We’re Not Kidding By [Sam Benson Smith](https://www.rd.com/author/samsmith2017/) Updated on Nov. 02, 2022 Look at any sidewalk and the law makes sense. The United States has its [fair share of weird laws](https://www.rd.com/list/dumbest-laws-america/). You’d be crazy in Texas if you think you [can sell your eyes](http://kisselpaso.com/13-weird-texas-state-laws-that-are-still-active/), nuts in Nebraska if [your child burps in church](http://www.dailynebraskan.com/arts_and_entertainment/weird-laws-call-nebraska-home/article_8989d96d-2a87-5144-bd52-40262134e462.html), and wacko in Wisconsin if [you were to worry a squirrel.](http://thesevenspot.com/articles/2016/04/01/1613_the_fine_print_weird_wisconsin_laws_make_unwitting) In Singapore, chewing gum can be a criminal offense ([Bad news, C-section patients](https://www.thehealthy.com/pregnancy/chewing-gum-c-section/), and [toothache-havers](https://www.thehealthy.com/dental/home-remedies-for-toothache/)) Modern Singapore is almost unrecognizable compared to its early years, and the spirit of the gum ban goes along with spirit which formed the Singaporean societal identity. Shortly after its creation as a sovereign nation in 1965, the Singaporean began to implement a series of laws which aimed to turn the small country into a Southeast Asian paradise. Singapore became spotless in short order after its founding and proceeded to grow into a trading titan. But the gum-related laws would come close to three decades after its founding. And the rationale was simple; used chewing gum ends up everywhere, from sidewalks to subways to statues. ![Chewing-Gum-Is-Illegal-in-This-Country—And-No,-We’re-Not-Kidding](https://www.rd.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/01-Chewing-Gum-Is-Illegal-in-This-Country%E2%80%94And-No-We%E2%80%99re-Not-Kidding.jpg?fit=640%2C427) hagut/shutterstock The first prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, saw improper gum disposal as an attack on the very country he saw grow from humble beginnings, [according to the BBC.](http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32090420) The problem with modern societies has been sitting below the counter at 7-11 this whole time. There are certain exceptions to the law, however. If someone has a medical reason for chewing away (and there are health benefits in gum chewing), then they are free from the law, if prescribed by a medical professional. Nowadays, the enforcement of the law has lightened, and small amounts of the stuff can be brought into the country for personal use, although most Singaporeans just shy away. Spitting it on the ground, however, could cost you upwards of \$1,000. [![Reader's Digest Logo](data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><svg width="100" height="102" viewBox="0 0 100 102" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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Readable Markdown	The United States has its [fair share of weird laws](https://www.rd.com/list/dumbest-laws-america/). You’d be crazy in Texas if you think you [can sell your eyes](http://kisselpaso.com/13-weird-texas-state-laws-that-are-still-active/), nuts in Nebraska if [your child burps in church](http://www.dailynebraskan.com/arts_and_entertainment/weird-laws-call-nebraska-home/article_8989d96d-2a87-5144-bd52-40262134e462.html), and wacko in Wisconsin if [you were to worry a squirrel.](http://thesevenspot.com/articles/2016/04/01/1613_the_fine_print_weird_wisconsin_laws_make_unwitting) In Singapore, chewing gum can be a criminal offense ([Bad news, C-section patients](https://www.thehealthy.com/pregnancy/chewing-gum-c-section/), and [toothache-havers](https://www.thehealthy.com/dental/home-remedies-for-toothache/)) Modern Singapore is almost unrecognizable compared to its early years, and the spirit of the gum ban goes along with spirit which formed the Singaporean societal identity. Shortly after its creation as a sovereign nation in 1965, the Singaporean began to implement a series of laws which aimed to turn the small country into a Southeast Asian paradise. Singapore became spotless in short order after its founding and proceeded to grow into a trading titan. But the gum-related laws would come close to three decades after its founding. And the rationale was simple; used chewing gum ends up everywhere, from sidewalks to subways to statues. ![Chewing-Gum-Is-Illegal-in-This-Country—And-No,-We’re-Not-Kidding](https://www.rd.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/01-Chewing-Gum-Is-Illegal-in-This-Country%E2%80%94And-No-We%E2%80%99re-Not-Kidding.jpg?fit=640%2C427) hagut/shutterstock The first prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, saw improper gum disposal as an attack on the very country he saw grow from humble beginnings, [according to the BBC.](http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32090420) The problem with modern societies has been sitting below the counter at 7-11 this whole time. There are certain exceptions to the law, however. If someone has a medical reason for chewing away (and there are health benefits in gum chewing), then they are free from the law, if prescribed by a medical professional. Nowadays, the enforcement of the law has lightened, and small amounts of the stuff can be brought into the country for personal use, although most Singaporeans just shy away. Spitting it on the ground, however, could cost you upwards of \$1,000.
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