🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 35 (from laksa116)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa035.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exceptions\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exceptions\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/exceptions","crawl_time":1776305373,"first_indexed_time":1481395137,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,programiz!www,\/python-programming\/exceptions s443","src_root_hash":"16786490165506891835","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Python Exceptions (With Examples)","meta_descriptions":["In this tutorial, we will learn about exceptions in Python. We will cover exceptions and different types of exceptions in Python."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"An exception is an unexpected event that occurs during program execution. For example,\ndivide_by_zero = 7 \/ 0\nThe above code causes an exception as it is not possible to divide a number by\n0\n.\nLet's learn about Python Exceptions in detail.\nPython Logical Errors (Exceptions)\nErrors that occur at runtime (after passing the syntax test) are called\nexceptions\nor\nlogical errors\n.\nFor instance, they occur when we\ntry to open a file(for reading) that does not exist (\nFileNotFoundError\n)\ntry to divide a number by zero (\nZeroDivisionError\n)\ntry to import a module that does not exist (\nImportError\n) and so on.\nWhenever these types of runtime errors occur, Python creates an exception object.\nIf not handled properly, it prints a traceback to that error along with some details about why that error occurred.\nLet's look at how Python treats these errors:\ndivide_numbers = 7 \/ 0\nprint(divide_numbers)\nOutput\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n File \"<string>\", line 1, in <module>\nZeroDivisionError: division by zero\nHere, while trying to divide\n7 \/ 0\n, the program throws a system exception\nZeroDivisionError\nPython Built-in Exceptions\nIllegal operations can raise exceptions. There are plenty of built-in exceptions in Python that are raised when corresponding errors occur.\nWe can view all the built-in exceptions using the built-in\nlocal()\nfunction as follows:\nprint(dir(locals()['__builtins__']))\nHere,\nlocals()['__builtins__']\nwill return a module of built-in exceptions,\nfunctions\n, and attributes and\ndir\nallows us to list these attributes as\nstrings\n.\nSome of the common built-in exceptions in Python programming along with the error that cause them are listed below:\nException\nCause of Error\nAssertionError\nRaised when an\nassert\nstatement fails.\nAttributeError\nRaised when attribute assignment or reference fails.\nEOFError\nRaised when the\ninput()\nfunction hits end-of-file condition.\nFloatingPointError\nRaised when a floating point operation fails.\nGeneratorExit\nRaise when a generator's\nclose()\nmethod is called.\nImportError\nRaised when the imported module is not found.\nIndexError\nRaised when the index of a sequence is out of range.\nKeyError\nRaised when a key is not found in a dictionary.\nKeyboardInterrupt\nRaised when the user hits the interrupt key (\nCtrl+C\nor\nDelete\n).\nMemoryError\nRaised when an operation runs out of memory.\nNameError\nRaised when a variable is not found in local or global scope.\nNotImplementedError\nRaised by abstract methods.\nOSError\nRaised when system operation causes system related error.\nOverflowError\nRaised when the result of an arithmetic operation is too large to be represented.\nReferenceError\nRaised when a weak reference proxy is used to access a garbage collected referent.\nRuntimeError\nRaised when an error does not fall under any other category.\nStopIteration\nRaised by\nnext()\nfunction to indicate that there is no further item to be returned by iterator.\nSyntaxError\nRaised by parser when syntax error is encountered.\nIndentationError\nRaised when there is incorrect indentation.\nTabError\nRaised when indentation consists of inconsistent tabs and spaces.\nSystemError\nRaised when interpreter detects internal error.\nSystemExit\nRaised by\nsys.exit()\nfunction.\nTypeError\nRaised when a function or operation is applied to an object of incorrect type.\nUnboundLocalError\nRaised when a reference is made to a local variable in a function or method, but no value has been bound to that variable.\nUnicodeError\nRaised when a Unicode-related encoding or decoding error occurs.\nUnicodeEncodeError\nRaised when a Unicode-related error occurs during encoding.\nUnicodeDecodeError\nRaised when a Unicode-related error occurs during decoding.\nUnicodeTranslateError\nRaised when a Unicode-related error occurs during translating.\nValueError\nRaised when a function gets an argument of correct type but improper value.\nZeroDivisionError\nRaised when the second operand of division or modulo operation is zero.\nIf required, we can also define our own exceptions in Python. To learn more about them, visit\nPython User-defined Exceptions\n.\nWe can handle these built-in and user-defined exceptions in Python using\ntry\n,\nexcept\nand\nfinally\nstatements. To learn more about them, visit\nPython try, except and finally statements\n.\nPython Error and Exception\nErrors\nrepresent conditions such as compilation error, syntax error, error in the logical part of the code, library incompatibility, infinite recursion, etc.\nErrors are usually beyond the control of the programmer and we should not try to handle errors.\nExceptions\ncan be caught and handled by the program.\nNow we know about exceptions, we will learn about handling exceptions in the next tutorial.","attrs_markdown":"![](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/tr?id=123000288571689&ev=PageView&noscript=1)\n\n[Stop copy pasting code you don't actually understand Build the coding confidence you need to become a developer companies will fight for Stop copy pasting code you don't actually understand Ends in Start FREE Trial Start FREE Trial Start FREE Trial Start FREE 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C](https:\/\/programiz.pro\/learn\/master-c-programming?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=challenge_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_c&utm_term=nav_programiz-pro_challenges \"Learn C\")\n\n[Learn C++](https:\/\/programiz.pro\/learn\/master-cpp?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=challenge_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_programiz-pro_challenges \"Learn C++\")\n\n[Learn Java](https:\/\/programiz.pro\/learn\/master-java?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=challenge_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_java&utm_term=nav_programiz-pro_challenges \"Learn Java\")\n\n[Python](\"Python\")\n\n[JavaScript](\"JavaScript\")\n\n[TypeScript](\"TypeScript\")\n\n[SQL](\"SQL\")\n\n[HTML](\"HTML\")\n\n[CSS](\"CSS\")\n\n[C](\"C\")\n\n[C++](\"C++\")\n\n[Java](\"Java\")\n\n[More languages](\"More languages\")\n\n### Become a certified Python  programmer.\n[Try Programiz PRO\\!](https:\/\/programiz.pro\/learn\/master-python?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner)\n\n#### Popular Tutorials\n[Getting Started With Python](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/getting-started?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"Getting Started With Python\")\n\n[Python if Statement](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/if-elif-else?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"Python if Statement\")\n\n[while Loop in Python](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/while-loop?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"while Loop in Python\")\n\n[Python Lists](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/list?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"Python Lists\")\n\n[Dictionaries in Python](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/dictionary?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"Dictionaries in Python\")\n\n[Start Learning Python](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"Python tutorials\")\n\n[All Python Tutorials](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"All Python tutorials\")\n\n#### Reference Materials\n[Built-in Functions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/methods\/built-in?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"Built-in Functions\")\n\n[List Methods](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/methods\/list?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"List Methods\")\n\n[Dictionary Methods](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/methods\/dictionary?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"Dictionary Methods\")\n\n[String Methods](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/methods\/string?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"String Methods\")\n\n[View all](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/methods?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"Python References\")\n\n[Python](\"Python\")\n\n[JavaScript](\"JavaScript\")\n\n[C](\"C\")\n\n[C++](\"C++\")\n\n[Java](\"Java\")\n\n[R](\"R\")\n\n[Kotlin](\"Kotlin\")\n\nBecome a certified Python   \nprogrammer.\n\n[Try Programiz PRO\\!](https:\/\/programiz.pro\/learn\/master-python?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner)\n\n#### Popular Examples\n[Add two numbers](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/examples\/add-number?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner \"Add two numbers\")\n\n[Check prime number](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/examples\/prime-number?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner \"Check prime number\")\n\n[Find the factorial of a number](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/examples\/factorial?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner \"Find the factorial of a number\")\n\n[Print the Fibonacci sequence](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/examples\/fibonacci-sequence?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner \"Print the Fibonacci sequence\")\n\n[Check leap year](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/examples\/leap-year?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner \"Check leap year\")\n\n[All Python Examples](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/examples?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner \"Python Examples\")\n\n- ### Python Introduction\n  - [Get Started With Python](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/getting-started \"Get Started With Python\")\n  - [Your First Python Program](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/first-program \"Your First Python Program\")\n  - [Python Comments](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/comments \"Python Comments\")\n- ### Python Fundamentals\n  - [Python Variables and Literals](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/variables-constants-literals \"Python Variables and Literals\")\n  - [Python Type Conversion](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/type-conversion-and-casting \"Python Type Conversion\")\n  - [Python Basic Input and Output](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/input-output-import \"Python Basic Input and Output\")\n  - [Python Operators](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/operators \"Python Operators\")\n- ### Python Flow Control\n  - [Python if...else Statement](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/if-elif-else \"Python if...else Statement\")\n  - [Python for Loop](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/for-loop \"Python for\n    Loop\")\n  - [Python while Loop](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/while-loop \"Python\n    while Loop\")\n  - [Python break and continue](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/break-continue \"Python break and continue\")\n  - [Python pass Statement](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/pass-statement \"Python pass Statement\")\n- ### Python Data types\n  - [Python Numbers and Mathematics](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/numbers \"Python Numbers and Mathematics\")\n  - [Python List](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/list \"Python List\")\n  - [Python Tuple](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/tuple \"Python Tuple\")\n  - [Python String](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/string \"Python String\")\n  - [Python Set](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/set \"Python Set\")\n  - [Python Dictionary](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/dictionary \"Python Dictionary\")\n- ### Python Functions\n  - [Python Functions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/function \"Python Functions\")\n  - [Python Function Arguments](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/function-argument \"Python Function Arguments\")\n  - [Python Variable Scope](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/global-local-nonlocal-variables \"Python Variable Scope\")\n  - [Python Global Keyword](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/global-keyword \"Python Global Keyword\")\n  - [Python Recursion](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/recursion \"Python Recursion\")\n  - [Python Modules](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/modules \"Python Modules\")\n  - [Python Package](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/package \"Python Package\")\n  - [Python Main function](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/main-function \"Python Main function\")\n- ### Python Files\n  - [Python Directory and Files Management](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/directory \"Python Directory and Files Management\")\n  - [Python CSV: Read and Write CSV files](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/csv \"Python CSV: Read and Write CSV files\")\n  - [Reading CSV files in Python](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/reading-csv-files \"Reading CSV files in Python\")\n  - [Writing CSV files in Python](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/writing-csv-files \"Writing CSV files in Python\")\n- ### Python Exception Handling\n  - [Python Exceptions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/exceptions \"Python Exceptions\")\n  - [Python Exception Handling](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/exception-handling \"Python Exception Handling\")\n  - [Python Custom Exceptions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/user-defined-exception \"Python Custom Exceptions\")\n- ### Python Object & Class\n  - [Python Objects and Classes](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/class \"Python Objects and Classes\")\n  - [Python Inheritance](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/inheritance \"Python\n    Inheritance\")\n  - [Python Multiple Inheritance](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/multiple-inheritance \"Python Multiple Inheritance\")\n  - [Polymorphism in Python](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/polymorphism \"Polymorphism in Python\")\n  - [Python Operator Overloading](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/operator-overloading \"Python Operator Overloading\")\n- ### Python Advanced Topics\n  - [List comprehension](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/list-comprehension \"List comprehension\")\n  - [Python Lambda\/Anonymous Function](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/anonymous-function \"Python Lambda\/Anonymous Function\")\n  - [Python Iterators](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/iterator \"Python Iterators\")\n  - [Python Generators](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/generator \"Python Generators\")\n  - [Python Namespace and Scope](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/namespace \"Python Namespace and Scope\")\n  - [Python Closures](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/closure \"Python Closures\")\n  - [Python Decorators](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/decorator \"Python Decorators\")\n  - [Python @property decorator](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/property \"Python @property decorator\")\n  - [Python RegEx](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/regex \"Python RegEx\")\n- ### Python Date and Time\n  - [Python datetime](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/datetime \"Python\n    datetime\")\n  - [Python strftime()](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/datetime\/strftime \"Python\n    strftime()\")\n  - [Python strptime()](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/datetime\/strptime \"Python strptime()\")\n  - [How to get current date and time in Python?](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/datetime\/current-datetime \"How to get current date and time in Python?\")\n  - [Python Get Current Time](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/datetime\/current-time \"Python Get Current Time\")\n  - [Python timestamp to datetime and vice-versa](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/datetime\/timestamp-datetime \"Python timestamp to datetime and vice-versa\")\n  - [Python time Module](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/time \"Python time\n    Module\")\n  - [Python sleep()](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/time\/sleep \"Python\n    sleep()\")\n- ### Additional Topic\n  - [Precedence and Associativity of Operators in Python](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/precedence-associativity \"Precedence and Associativity of Operators in Python \")\n  - [Python Keywords and Identifiers](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/keywords-identifier \"Python Keywords and Identifiers\")\n  - [Python Asserts](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/assert-statement \"Python Asserts\")\n  - [Python Json](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/json \"Python Json\")\n  - [Python pip](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/pip \"Python pip\")\n  - [Python \\*args and \\*\\*kwargs](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/args-and-kwargs \"Python *args and **kwargs \")\n\n### Python Tutorials\n- [Python Custom Exceptions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/user-defined-exception)\n- [Python Exception Handling](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/exception-handling)\n- [Python open()](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/methods\/built-in\/open)\n- [List of Keywords in Python](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/keyword-list)\n- [Python pow()](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/methods\/built-in\/pow)\n- [Python String encode()](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/methods\/string\/encode)\n\n[![](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/sites\/tutorial2program\/files\/python-2.png)](https:\/\/programiz.pro\/course\/learn-python-visually?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=python_with_visualizer_launch_2025&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=top-most-ad-spot-python-2)\n\n# Python Exceptions\nAn exception is an unexpected event that occurs during program execution. For example,\n```\ndivide_by_zero = 7 \/ 0\n```\nThe above code causes an exception as it is not possible to divide a number by **0**.\n\nLet's learn about Python Exceptions in detail.\n***\n## Python Logical Errors (Exceptions)\nErrors that occur at runtime (after passing the syntax test) are called **exceptions** or **logical errors**.\n\nFor instance, they occur when we\n\n- try to open a file(for reading) that does not exist (`FileNotFoundError`)\n- try to divide a number by zero (`ZeroDivisionError`)\n- try to import a module that does not exist (`ImportError`) and so on.\n\nWhenever these types of runtime errors occur, Python creates an exception object.\n\nIf not handled properly, it prints a traceback to that error along with some details about why that error occurred.\n\nLet's look at how Python treats these errors:\n```\ndivide_numbers = 7 \/ 0\nprint(divide_numbers)\n```\n**Output**\n```\nTraceback (most recent call last): File \"<string>\", line 1, in <module> ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n```\nHere, while trying to divide `7 \/ 0`, the program throws a system exception `ZeroDivisionError`\n***\n## Python Built-in Exceptions\nIllegal operations can raise exceptions. There are plenty of built-in exceptions in Python that are raised when corresponding errors occur.\n\nWe can view all the built-in exceptions using the built-in `local()` function as follows:\n```\nprint(dir(locals()['__builtins__']))\n```\nHere, `locals()['__builtins__']` will return a module of built-in exceptions, [functions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/function), and attributes and `dir` allows us to list these attributes as [strings](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/string).\n\nSome of the common built-in exceptions in Python programming along with the error that cause them are listed below:\n\n| Exception | Cause of Error |\n|---|---|\n| `AssertionError` | Raised when an `assert` statement fails. |\n| `AttributeError` | Raised when attribute assignment or reference fails. |\n| `EOFError` | Raised when the `input()` function hits end-of-file condition. |\n| `FloatingPointError` | Raised when a floating point operation fails. |\n| `GeneratorExit` | Raise when a generator's `close()` method is called. |\n| `ImportError` | Raised when the imported module is not found. |\n| `IndexError` | Raised when the index of a sequence is out of range. |\n| `KeyError` | Raised when a key is not found in a dictionary. |\n| `KeyboardInterrupt` | Raised when the user hits the interrupt key (`Ctrl+C` or `Delete`). |\n| `MemoryError` | Raised when an operation runs out of memory. |\n| `NameError` | Raised when a variable is not found in local or global scope. |\n| `NotImplementedError` | Raised by abstract methods. |\n| `OSError` | Raised when system operation causes system related error. |\n| `OverflowError` | Raised when the result of an arithmetic operation is too large to be represented. |\n| `ReferenceError` | Raised when a weak reference proxy is used to access a garbage collected referent. |\n| `RuntimeError` | Raised when an error does not fall under any other category. |\n| `StopIteration` | Raised by `next()` function to indicate that there is no further item to be returned by iterator. |\n| `SyntaxError` | Raised by parser when syntax error is encountered. |\n| `IndentationError` | Raised when there is incorrect indentation. |\n| `TabError` | Raised when indentation consists of inconsistent tabs and spaces. |\n| `SystemError` | Raised when interpreter detects internal error. |\n| `SystemExit` | Raised by `sys.exit()` function. |\n| `TypeError` | Raised when a function or operation is applied to an object of incorrect type. |\n| `UnboundLocalError` | Raised when a reference is made to a local variable in a function or method, but no value has been bound to that variable. |\n| `UnicodeError` | Raised when a Unicode-related encoding or decoding error occurs. |\n| `UnicodeEncodeError` | Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during encoding. |\n| `UnicodeDecodeError` | Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during decoding. |\n| `UnicodeTranslateError` | Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during translating. |\n| `ValueError` | Raised when a function gets an argument of correct type but improper value. |\n| `ZeroDivisionError` | Raised when the second operand of division or modulo operation is zero. |\n\nIf required, we can also define our own exceptions in Python. To learn more about them, visit [Python User-defined Exceptions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/user-defined-exception).\n\nWe can handle these built-in and user-defined exceptions in Python using `try`, `except` and `finally` statements. To learn more about them, visit [Python try, except and finally statements](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/exception-handling).\n***\n## Python Error and Exception\n**Errors** represent conditions such as compilation error, syntax error, error in the logical part of the code, library incompatibility, infinite recursion, etc.\n\nErrors are usually beyond the control of the programmer and we should not try to handle errors.\n\n**Exceptions** can be caught and handled by the program.\n\nNow we know about exceptions, we will learn about handling exceptions in the next tutorial.\n\n### Table of Contents\n- [Introduction](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/exceptions#introduction)\n- [Python Logical Errors (Exceptions)](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/exceptions#logical)\n- [Python Built-in Exceptions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/exceptions#built-in)\n- [Python Error and Exception](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/exceptions#error-exception)\n\n## Video: Python Exception Handling\n[Previous Tutorial: Writing CSV files in Python](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/writing-csv-files \"Writing CSV files in Python\")\n\n[Next Tutorial: Python Exception Handling](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/exception-handling \"Python Exception Handling\")\n\nShare on:\n\nDid you find this article helpful?\n\nYour builder path starts here. 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Ltd. All rights reserved.","attrs_readable_markdown":"An exception is an unexpected event that occurs during program execution. For example,\n```\ndivide_by_zero = 7 \/ 0\n```\nThe above code causes an exception as it is not possible to divide a number by **0**.\n\nLet's learn about Python Exceptions in detail.\n***\n## Python Logical Errors (Exceptions)\nErrors that occur at runtime (after passing the syntax test) are called **exceptions** or **logical errors**.\n\nFor instance, they occur when we\n\n- try to open a file(for reading) that does not exist (`FileNotFoundError`)\n- try to divide a number by zero (`ZeroDivisionError`)\n- try to import a module that does not exist (`ImportError`) and so on.\n\nWhenever these types of runtime errors occur, Python creates an exception object.\n\nIf not handled properly, it prints a traceback to that error along with some details about why that error occurred.\n\nLet's look at how Python treats these errors:\n```\ndivide_numbers = 7 \/ 0\nprint(divide_numbers)\n```\n**Output**\n```\nTraceback (most recent call last): File \"<string>\", line 1, in <module> ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n```\nHere, while trying to divide `7 \/ 0`, the program throws a system exception `ZeroDivisionError`\n***\n## Python Built-in Exceptions\nIllegal operations can raise exceptions. There are plenty of built-in exceptions in Python that are raised when corresponding errors occur.\n\nWe can view all the built-in exceptions using the built-in `local()` function as follows:\n```\nprint(dir(locals()['__builtins__']))\n```\nHere, `locals()['__builtins__']` will return a module of built-in exceptions, [functions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/function), and attributes and `dir` allows us to list these attributes as [strings](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/string).\n\nSome of the common built-in exceptions in Python programming along with the error that cause them are listed below:\n\n| Exception | Cause of Error |\n|---|---|\n| `AssertionError` | Raised when an `assert` statement fails. |\n| `AttributeError` | Raised when attribute assignment or reference fails. |\n| `EOFError` | Raised when the `input()` function hits end-of-file condition. |\n| `FloatingPointError` | Raised when a floating point operation fails. |\n| `GeneratorExit` | Raise when a generator's `close()` method is called. |\n| `ImportError` | Raised when the imported module is not found. |\n| `IndexError` | Raised when the index of a sequence is out of range. |\n| `KeyError` | Raised when a key is not found in a dictionary. |\n| `KeyboardInterrupt` | Raised when the user hits the interrupt key (`Ctrl+C` or `Delete`). |\n| `MemoryError` | Raised when an operation runs out of memory. |\n| `NameError` | Raised when a variable is not found in local or global scope. |\n| `NotImplementedError` | Raised by abstract methods. |\n| `OSError` | Raised when system operation causes system related error. |\n| `OverflowError` | Raised when the result of an arithmetic operation is too large to be represented. |\n| `ReferenceError` | Raised when a weak reference proxy is used to access a garbage collected referent. |\n| `RuntimeError` | Raised when an error does not fall under any other category. |\n| `StopIteration` | Raised by `next()` function to indicate that there is no further item to be returned by iterator. |\n| `SyntaxError` | Raised by parser when syntax error is encountered. |\n| `IndentationError` | Raised when there is incorrect indentation. |\n| `TabError` | Raised when indentation consists of inconsistent tabs and spaces. |\n| `SystemError` | Raised when interpreter detects internal error. |\n| `SystemExit` | Raised by `sys.exit()` function. |\n| `TypeError` | Raised when a function or operation is applied to an object of incorrect type. |\n| `UnboundLocalError` | Raised when a reference is made to a local variable in a function or method, but no value has been bound to that variable. |\n| `UnicodeError` | Raised when a Unicode-related encoding or decoding error occurs. |\n| `UnicodeEncodeError` | Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during encoding. |\n| `UnicodeDecodeError` | Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during decoding. |\n| `UnicodeTranslateError` | Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during translating. |\n| `ValueError` | Raised when a function gets an argument of correct type but improper value. |\n| `ZeroDivisionError` | Raised when the second operand of division or modulo operation is zero. |\n\nIf required, we can also define our own exceptions in Python. To learn more about them, visit [Python User-defined Exceptions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/user-defined-exception).\n\nWe can handle these built-in and user-defined exceptions in Python using `try`, `except` and `finally` statements. To learn more about them, visit [Python try, except and finally statements](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/python-programming\/exception-handling).\n***\n## Python Error and Exception\n**Errors** represent conditions such as compilation error, syntax error, error in the logical part of the code, library incompatibility, infinite recursion, etc.\n\nErrors are usually beyond the control of the programmer and we should not try to handle errors.\n\n**Exceptions** can be caught and handled by the program.\n\nNow we know about exceptions, we will learn about handling exceptions in the next tutorial.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	An exception is an unexpected event that occurs during program execution. For example, divide_by_zero = 7 / 0 The above code causes an exception as it is not possible to divide a number by 0 . Let's learn about Python Exceptions in detail. Python Logical Errors (Exceptions) Errors that occur at runtime (after passing the syntax test) are called exceptions or logical errors . For instance, they occur when we try to open a file(for reading) that does not exist ( FileNotFoundError ) try to divide a number by zero ( ZeroDivisionError ) try to import a module that does not exist ( ImportError ) and so on. Whenever these types of runtime errors occur, Python creates an exception object. If not handled properly, it prints a traceback to that error along with some details about why that error occurred. Let's look at how Python treats these errors: divide_numbers = 7 / 0 print(divide_numbers) Output Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 1, in <module> ZeroDivisionError: division by zero Here, while trying to divide 7 / 0 , the program throws a system exception ZeroDivisionError Python Built-in Exceptions Illegal operations can raise exceptions. There are plenty of built-in exceptions in Python that are raised when corresponding errors occur. We can view all the built-in exceptions using the built-in local() function as follows: print(dir(locals()['__builtins__'])) Here, locals()['__builtins__'] will return a module of built-in exceptions, functions , and attributes and dir allows us to list these attributes as strings . Some of the common built-in exceptions in Python programming along with the error that cause them are listed below: Exception Cause of Error AssertionError Raised when an assert statement fails. AttributeError Raised when attribute assignment or reference fails. EOFError Raised when the input() function hits end-of-file condition. FloatingPointError Raised when a floating point operation fails. GeneratorExit Raise when a generator's close() method is called. ImportError Raised when the imported module is not found. IndexError Raised when the index of a sequence is out of range. KeyError Raised when a key is not found in a dictionary. KeyboardInterrupt Raised when the user hits the interrupt key ( Ctrl+C or Delete ). MemoryError Raised when an operation runs out of memory. NameError Raised when a variable is not found in local or global scope. NotImplementedError Raised by abstract methods. OSError Raised when system operation causes system related error. OverflowError Raised when the result of an arithmetic operation is too large to be represented. ReferenceError Raised when a weak reference proxy is used to access a garbage collected referent. RuntimeError Raised when an error does not fall under any other category. StopIteration Raised by next() function to indicate that there is no further item to be returned by iterator. SyntaxError Raised by parser when syntax error is encountered. IndentationError Raised when there is incorrect indentation. TabError Raised when indentation consists of inconsistent tabs and spaces. SystemError Raised when interpreter detects internal error. SystemExit Raised by sys.exit() function. TypeError Raised when a function or operation is applied to an object of incorrect type. UnboundLocalError Raised when a reference is made to a local variable in a function or method, but no value has been bound to that variable. UnicodeError Raised when a Unicode-related encoding or decoding error occurs. UnicodeEncodeError Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during encoding. UnicodeDecodeError Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during decoding. UnicodeTranslateError Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during translating. ValueError Raised when a function gets an argument of correct type but improper value. ZeroDivisionError Raised when the second operand of division or modulo operation is zero. If required, we can also define our own exceptions in Python. To learn more about them, visit Python User-defined Exceptions . We can handle these built-in and user-defined exceptions in Python using try , except and finally statements. To learn more about them, visit Python try, except and finally statements . Python Error and Exception Errors represent conditions such as compilation error, syntax error, error in the logical part of the code, library incompatibility, infinite recursion, etc. Errors are usually beyond the control of the programmer and we should not try to handle errors. Exceptions can be caught and handled by the program. Now we know about exceptions, we will learn about handling exceptions in the next tutorial.
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[Try Programiz PRO\!](https://programiz.pro/learn/master-python?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner) #### Popular Tutorials [Getting Started With Python](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/getting-started?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner "Getting Started With Python") [Python if Statement](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/if-elif-else?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner "Python if Statement") [while Loop in Python](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/while-loop?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner "while Loop in Python") [Python Lists](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/list?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner "Python Lists") [Dictionaries in Python](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/dictionary?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner "Dictionaries in Python") [Start Learning Python](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner "Python tutorials") [All Python Tutorials](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner "All Python tutorials") #### Reference Materials [Built-in Functions](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/methods/built-in?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner "Built-in Functions") [List Methods](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/methods/list?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner "List Methods") [Dictionary Methods](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/methods/dictionary?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner "Dictionary Methods") [String Methods](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/methods/string?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner "String Methods") [View all](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/methods?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner "Python References") [Python]("Python") [JavaScript]("JavaScript") [C]("C") [C++]("C++") [Java]("Java") [R]("R") [Kotlin]("Kotlin") Become a certified Python programmer. [Try Programiz PRO\!](https://programiz.pro/learn/master-python?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner) #### Popular Examples [Add two numbers](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/examples/add-number?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner "Add two numbers") [Check prime number](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/examples/prime-number?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner "Check prime number") [Find the factorial of a number](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/examples/factorial?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner "Find the factorial of a number") [Print the Fibonacci sequence](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/examples/fibonacci-sequence?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner "Print the Fibonacci sequence") [Check leap year](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/examples/leap-year?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner "Check leap year") [All Python Examples](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/examples?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_examples_banner "Python Examples") - ### Python Introduction - [Get Started With Python](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/getting-started "Get Started With Python") - [Your First Python Program](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/first-program "Your First Python Program") - [Python Comments](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/comments "Python Comments") - ### Python Fundamentals - [Python Variables and Literals](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/variables-constants-literals "Python Variables and Literals") - [Python Type Conversion](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/type-conversion-and-casting "Python Type Conversion") - [Python Basic Input and Output](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/input-output-import "Python Basic Input and Output") - [Python Operators](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/operators "Python Operators") - ### Python Flow Control - [Python if...else Statement](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/if-elif-else "Python if...else Statement") - [Python for Loop](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/for-loop "Python for Loop") - [Python while Loop](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/while-loop "Python while Loop") - [Python break and continue](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/break-continue "Python break and continue") - [Python pass Statement](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/pass-statement "Python pass Statement") - ### Python Data types - [Python Numbers and Mathematics](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/numbers "Python Numbers and Mathematics") - [Python List](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/list "Python List") - [Python Tuple](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/tuple "Python Tuple") - [Python String](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/string "Python String") - [Python Set](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/set "Python Set") - [Python Dictionary](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/dictionary "Python Dictionary") - ### Python Functions - [Python Functions](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/function "Python Functions") - [Python Function Arguments](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/function-argument "Python Function Arguments") - [Python Variable Scope](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/global-local-nonlocal-variables "Python Variable Scope") - [Python Global Keyword](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/global-keyword "Python Global Keyword") - [Python Recursion](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/recursion "Python Recursion") - [Python Modules](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/modules "Python Modules") - [Python Package](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/package "Python Package") - [Python Main function](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/main-function "Python Main function") - ### Python Files - [Python Directory and Files Management](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/directory "Python Directory and Files Management") - [Python CSV: Read and Write CSV files](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/csv "Python CSV: Read and Write CSV files") - [Reading CSV files in Python](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/reading-csv-files "Reading CSV files in Python") - [Writing CSV files in Python](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/writing-csv-files "Writing CSV files in Python") - ### Python Exception Handling - [Python Exceptions](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exceptions "Python Exceptions") - [Python Exception Handling](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exception-handling "Python Exception Handling") - [Python Custom Exceptions](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/user-defined-exception "Python Custom Exceptions") - ### Python Object & Class - [Python Objects and Classes](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/class "Python Objects and Classes") - [Python Inheritance](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/inheritance "Python Inheritance") - [Python Multiple Inheritance](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/multiple-inheritance "Python Multiple Inheritance") - [Polymorphism in Python](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/polymorphism "Polymorphism in Python") - [Python Operator Overloading](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/operator-overloading "Python Operator Overloading") - ### Python Advanced Topics - [List comprehension](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/list-comprehension "List comprehension") - [Python Lambda/Anonymous Function](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/anonymous-function "Python Lambda/Anonymous Function") - [Python Iterators](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/iterator "Python Iterators") - [Python Generators](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/generator "Python Generators") - [Python Namespace and Scope](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/namespace "Python Namespace and Scope") - [Python Closures](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/closure "Python Closures") - [Python Decorators](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/decorator "Python Decorators") - [Python @property decorator](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/property "Python @property decorator") - [Python RegEx](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/regex "Python RegEx") - ### Python Date and Time - [Python datetime](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/datetime "Python datetime") - [Python strftime()](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/datetime/strftime "Python strftime()") - [Python strptime()](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/datetime/strptime "Python strptime()") - [How to get current date and time in Python?](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/datetime/current-datetime "How to get current date and time in Python?") - [Python Get Current Time](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/datetime/current-time "Python Get Current Time") - [Python timestamp to datetime and vice-versa](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/datetime/timestamp-datetime "Python timestamp to datetime and vice-versa") - [Python time Module](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/time "Python time Module") - [Python sleep()](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/time/sleep "Python sleep()") - ### Additional Topic - [Precedence and Associativity of Operators in Python](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/precedence-associativity "Precedence and Associativity of Operators in Python ") - [Python Keywords and Identifiers](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/keywords-identifier "Python Keywords and Identifiers") - [Python Asserts](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/assert-statement "Python Asserts") - [Python Json](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/json "Python Json") - [Python pip](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/pip "Python pip") - [Python \args and \\kwargs](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/args-and-kwargs "Python args and kwargs ") ### Python Tutorials - [Python Custom Exceptions](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/user-defined-exception) - [Python Exception Handling](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exception-handling) - [Python open()](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/methods/built-in/open) - [List of Keywords in Python](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/keyword-list) - [Python pow()](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/methods/built-in/pow) - [Python String encode()](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/methods/string/encode) [![](https://www.programiz.com/sites/tutorial2program/files/python-2.png)](https://programiz.pro/course/learn-python-visually?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=python_with_visualizer_launch_2025&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=top-most-ad-spot-python-2) # Python Exceptions An exception is an unexpected event that occurs during program execution. For example, ``` divide_by_zero = 7 / 0 ``` The above code causes an exception as it is not possible to divide a number by 0. Let's learn about Python Exceptions in detail. * ## Python Logical Errors (Exceptions) Errors that occur at runtime (after passing the syntax test) are called exceptions or logical errors. For instance, they occur when we - try to open a file(for reading) that does not exist (`FileNotFoundError`) - try to divide a number by zero (`ZeroDivisionError`) - try to import a module that does not exist (`ImportError`) and so on. Whenever these types of runtime errors occur, Python creates an exception object. If not handled properly, it prints a traceback to that error along with some details about why that error occurred. Let's look at how Python treats these errors: ``` divide_numbers = 7 / 0 print(divide_numbers) ``` Output ``` Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 1, in <module> ZeroDivisionError: division by zero ``` Here, while trying to divide `7 / 0`, the program throws a system exception `ZeroDivisionError` * ## Python Built-in Exceptions Illegal operations can raise exceptions. There are plenty of built-in exceptions in Python that are raised when corresponding errors occur. We can view all the built-in exceptions using the built-in `local()` function as follows: ``` print(dir(locals()['__builtins__'])) ``` Here, `locals()['__builtins__']` will return a module of built-in exceptions, [functions](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/function), and attributes and `dir` allows us to list these attributes as [strings](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/string). Some of the common built-in exceptions in Python programming along with the error that cause them are listed below: \| Exception \| Cause of Error \| \|---\|---\| \| `AssertionError` \| Raised when an `assert` statement fails. \| \| `AttributeError` \| Raised when attribute assignment or reference fails. \| \| `EOFError` \| Raised when the `input()` function hits end-of-file condition. \| \| `FloatingPointError` \| Raised when a floating point operation fails. \| \| `GeneratorExit` \| Raise when a generator's `close()` method is called. \| \| `ImportError` \| Raised when the imported module is not found. \| \| `IndexError` \| Raised when the index of a sequence is out of range. \| \| `KeyError` \| Raised when a key is not found in a dictionary. \| \| `KeyboardInterrupt` \| Raised when the user hits the interrupt key (`Ctrl+C` or `Delete`). \| \| `MemoryError` \| Raised when an operation runs out of memory. \| \| `NameError` \| Raised when a variable is not found in local or global scope. \| \| `NotImplementedError` \| Raised by abstract methods. \| \| `OSError` \| Raised when system operation causes system related error. \| \| `OverflowError` \| Raised when the result of an arithmetic operation is too large to be represented. \| \| `ReferenceError` \| Raised when a weak reference proxy is used to access a garbage collected referent. \| \| `RuntimeError` \| Raised when an error does not fall under any other category. \| \| `StopIteration` \| Raised by `next()` function to indicate that there is no further item to be returned by iterator. \| \| `SyntaxError` \| Raised by parser when syntax error is encountered. \| \| `IndentationError` \| Raised when there is incorrect indentation. \| \| `TabError` \| Raised when indentation consists of inconsistent tabs and spaces. \| \| `SystemError` \| Raised when interpreter detects internal error. \| \| `SystemExit` \| Raised by `sys.exit()` function. \| \| `TypeError` \| Raised when a function or operation is applied to an object of incorrect type. \| \| `UnboundLocalError` \| Raised when a reference is made to a local variable in a function or method, but no value has been bound to that variable. \| \| `UnicodeError` \| Raised when a Unicode-related encoding or decoding error occurs. \| \| `UnicodeEncodeError` \| Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during encoding. \| \| `UnicodeDecodeError` \| Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during decoding. \| \| `UnicodeTranslateError` \| Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during translating. \| \| `ValueError` \| Raised when a function gets an argument of correct type but improper value. \| \| `ZeroDivisionError` \| Raised when the second operand of division or modulo operation is zero. \| If required, we can also define our own exceptions in Python. To learn more about them, visit [Python User-defined Exceptions](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/user-defined-exception). We can handle these built-in and user-defined exceptions in Python using `try`, `except` and `finally` statements. To learn more about them, visit [Python try, except and finally statements](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exception-handling). * ## Python Error and Exception Errors represent conditions such as compilation error, syntax error, error in the logical part of the code, library incompatibility, infinite recursion, etc. Errors are usually beyond the control of the programmer and we should not try to handle errors. Exceptions can be caught and handled by the program. Now we know about exceptions, we will learn about handling exceptions in the next tutorial. ### Table of Contents - [Introduction](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exceptions#introduction) - [Python Logical Errors (Exceptions)](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exceptions#logical) - [Python Built-in Exceptions](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exceptions#built-in) - [Python Error and Exception](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exceptions#error-exception) ## Video: Python Exception Handling [Previous Tutorial: Writing CSV files in Python](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/writing-csv-files "Writing CSV files in Python") [Next Tutorial: Python Exception Handling](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exception-handling "Python Exception Handling") Share on: Did you find this article helpful? Your builder path starts here. Builders don't just know how to code, they create solutions that matter. 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Readable Markdown	An exception is an unexpected event that occurs during program execution. For example, ``` divide_by_zero = 7 / 0 ``` The above code causes an exception as it is not possible to divide a number by 0. Let's learn about Python Exceptions in detail. * ## Python Logical Errors (Exceptions) Errors that occur at runtime (after passing the syntax test) are called exceptions or logical errors. For instance, they occur when we - try to open a file(for reading) that does not exist (`FileNotFoundError`) - try to divide a number by zero (`ZeroDivisionError`) - try to import a module that does not exist (`ImportError`) and so on. Whenever these types of runtime errors occur, Python creates an exception object. If not handled properly, it prints a traceback to that error along with some details about why that error occurred. Let's look at how Python treats these errors: ``` divide_numbers = 7 / 0 print(divide_numbers) ``` Output ``` Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 1, in <module> ZeroDivisionError: division by zero ``` Here, while trying to divide `7 / 0`, the program throws a system exception `ZeroDivisionError` * ## Python Built-in Exceptions Illegal operations can raise exceptions. There are plenty of built-in exceptions in Python that are raised when corresponding errors occur. We can view all the built-in exceptions using the built-in `local()` function as follows: ``` print(dir(locals()['__builtins__'])) ``` Here, `locals()['__builtins__']` will return a module of built-in exceptions, [functions](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/function), and attributes and `dir` allows us to list these attributes as [strings](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/string). Some of the common built-in exceptions in Python programming along with the error that cause them are listed below: \| Exception \| Cause of Error \| \|---\|---\| \| `AssertionError` \| Raised when an `assert` statement fails. \| \| `AttributeError` \| Raised when attribute assignment or reference fails. \| \| `EOFError` \| Raised when the `input()` function hits end-of-file condition. \| \| `FloatingPointError` \| Raised when a floating point operation fails. \| \| `GeneratorExit` \| Raise when a generator's `close()` method is called. \| \| `ImportError` \| Raised when the imported module is not found. \| \| `IndexError` \| Raised when the index of a sequence is out of range. \| \| `KeyError` \| Raised when a key is not found in a dictionary. \| \| `KeyboardInterrupt` \| Raised when the user hits the interrupt key (`Ctrl+C` or `Delete`). \| \| `MemoryError` \| Raised when an operation runs out of memory. \| \| `NameError` \| Raised when a variable is not found in local or global scope. \| \| `NotImplementedError` \| Raised by abstract methods. \| \| `OSError` \| Raised when system operation causes system related error. \| \| `OverflowError` \| Raised when the result of an arithmetic operation is too large to be represented. \| \| `ReferenceError` \| Raised when a weak reference proxy is used to access a garbage collected referent. \| \| `RuntimeError` \| Raised when an error does not fall under any other category. \| \| `StopIteration` \| Raised by `next()` function to indicate that there is no further item to be returned by iterator. \| \| `SyntaxError` \| Raised by parser when syntax error is encountered. \| \| `IndentationError` \| Raised when there is incorrect indentation. \| \| `TabError` \| Raised when indentation consists of inconsistent tabs and spaces. \| \| `SystemError` \| Raised when interpreter detects internal error. \| \| `SystemExit` \| Raised by `sys.exit()` function. \| \| `TypeError` \| Raised when a function or operation is applied to an object of incorrect type. \| \| `UnboundLocalError` \| Raised when a reference is made to a local variable in a function or method, but no value has been bound to that variable. \| \| `UnicodeError` \| Raised when a Unicode-related encoding or decoding error occurs. \| \| `UnicodeEncodeError` \| Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during encoding. \| \| `UnicodeDecodeError` \| Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during decoding. \| \| `UnicodeTranslateError` \| Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during translating. \| \| `ValueError` \| Raised when a function gets an argument of correct type but improper value. \| \| `ZeroDivisionError` \| Raised when the second operand of division or modulo operation is zero. \| If required, we can also define our own exceptions in Python. To learn more about them, visit [Python User-defined Exceptions](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/user-defined-exception). We can handle these built-in and user-defined exceptions in Python using `try`, `except` and `finally` statements. To learn more about them, visit [Python try, except and finally statements](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exception-handling). * ## Python Error and Exception Errors represent conditions such as compilation error, syntax error, error in the logical part of the code, library incompatibility, infinite recursion, etc. Errors are usually beyond the control of the programmer and we should not try to handle errors. Exceptions** can be caught and handled by the program. Now we know about exceptions, we will learn about handling exceptions in the next tutorial.
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