🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 35 (from laksa131)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa035.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical, ml_categories_json AS ml_categories_json, ml_types_json AS ml_types_json, ml_intent_types_json AS ml_intent_types_json, meta_language AS meta_language, attrs_author AS attrs_author, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_publish_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_original_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_original_publish_time, ifNull(attrs_is_republished, 0) AS attrs_is_republished, ifNull(attrs_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_nr_words, ifNull(attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, ifNull(body_ext_links_number, 0) AS body_ext_links_number, ifNull(body_int_links_number, 0) AS body_int_links_number, ifNull(meta_nofollow, 0) AS meta_nofollow, ifNull(meta_noarchive, 0) AS meta_noarchive, ifNull(props_was_rendered, 0) AS props_was_rendered, ifNull(src_redirect, \'\') AS src_redirect, ifNull(download_time_msec, 0) AS download_time_msec, ifNull(download_ttfb_msec, 0) AS download_ttfb_msec, ifNull(download_size, 0) AS download_size FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/ternary-operator\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/ternary-operator\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/ternary-operator","crawl_time":1776292322,"first_indexed_time":1604553127,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,programiz!www,\/cpp-programming\/ternary-operator s443","src_root_hash":"16786490165506891835","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"C++ Ternary Operator (With Examples)","meta_descriptions":["In C++, the ternary operator is a concise, inline method used to execute one of two expressions based on a condition. In this tutorial, we will learn about the C++ ternary operator with the help of examples."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"In C++, the ternary operator is a concise, inline method used to execute one of two expressions based on a condition. It is also called the conditional operator.\nTernary Operator in C++\nA ternary operator evaluates the test condition and executes an expression out of two based on the result of the condition.\nSyntax\ncondition ? expression1 : expression2;\nHere,\ncondition\nis evaluated and\nif\ncondition\nis\ntrue\n,\nexpression1\nis executed.\nif\ncondition\nis\nfalse\n,\nexpression2\nis executed.\nThe ternary operator takes\n3 operands\n(\ncondition\n,\nexpression1\nand\nexpression2\n). Hence, the name\nternary operator\n.\nExample: C++ Ternary Operator\n#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n  double marks;\n\n  \/\/ take input from users\n  cout << \"Enter your marks: \";\n  cin >> marks;\n\n  \/\/ ternary operator checks if\n  \/\/ marks is greater than 40\n  string result = (marks >= 40) ? \"passed\" : \"failed\";\n\n  cout << \"You \" << result << \" the exam.\";\n\n  return 0;\n}\nOutput 1\nEnter your marks: 80\nYou passed the exam.\nSuppose the user enters\n80\n. Then, the condition\nmarks >= 40\nevaluates to\ntrue\n. Hence, the first expression\n\"passed\"\nis assigned to\nresult\n.\nOutput 2\nEnter your marks: 39.5\nYou failed the exam.\nNow, suppose the user enters\n39.5\n. Then, the condition\nmarks >= 40\nevaluates to\nfalse\n. Hence, the second expression\n\"failed\"\nis assigned to\nresult\n.\nNote:\nWe should only use the ternary operator if the resulting statement is short.\n1. Ternary Operator for Concise Code\nThe ternary operator is best for simple, inline conditional assignments where readability is not compromised. For example,\nint age = 20;\nstring status;\n\nstatus = (age >= 18) ? \"Adult\" : \"Minor\";\nIn this example, the condition\nage >= 18\nis evaluated. If it's true,\nAdult\nis assigned to status; if it's false,\nMinor\nis assigned.\nThis is much more concise than using a full\nif...else\nstatement, which would look like this:\nint age = 20;\nstring status;\n\nif (age >= 18) {\n    status = \"Adult\";\n} else {\n    status = \"Minor\";\n}\nHere, the\nif...else\nstatement takes up more lines and can clutter code when used for many simple conditional assignments.\n2. if...else for Clarity in Complex Conditions\nThe\nif...else\nstatement is better suited for complex decision-making processes and when clarity and readability are prioritized over brevity.\nSuppose you need to categorize weather based on multiple conditions. Using a ternary operator with multiple conditional statements would be cumbersome and hard to read. In such cases, we use\nif...else\n.\nLet's look at an example.\nint temperature = 25;\nstring category;\n\nif (temperature < 10) {\n    category = \"Cold\";\n} else if (temperature <= 25) {\n    category = \"Moderate\";\n} else if (temperature > 25) {\n    category = \"Hot\";\n} else {\n    category = \"Inhabitable\";\n}\n3. Ternary Operator Implicitly Returns a Value\nLet's look at an example to justify this point.\nint number = -4;\nstring result;\n\/\/ ternary operator assigns value directly\nresult = (number > 0) ? \"Positive Number\" : \"Negative Number\";\nHere, the ternary operator returns the value based on the condition\n(number>0)\n. The returned value is stored in the\nresult\nvariable.\nIn contrast,\nif...else\ndoes not inherently return a value. Thus, assignment to a variable is explicit.\nint number = -4;\nstring result;\n\/\/ explicit assignment with if...else\nif (number > 0)\n  result = \"Positive Number\";\nelse\n  result = \"Negative Number\";\nNested Ternary Operators\nIt is also possible to use one ternary operator inside another ternary operator. It is called the nested ternary operator in C++.\nHere's a program to find whether a number is positive, negative, or zero using the nested ternary operator.\n#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n  int number = 0;\n  string result;\n\n  \/\/ nested ternary operator to find whether\n  \/\/ number is positive, negative, or zero\n  result = (number == 0) ? \"Zero\" : ((number > 0) ? \"Positive\" : \"Negative\");\n\n  cout << \"Number is \" << result;\n\n  return 0;\n}\nOutput\nNumber is Zero\nIn the above example, notice the use of ternary operators,\n(number == 0) ? \"Zero\" : ((number > 0) ? \"Positive\" : \"Negative\");\nHere,\n(number == 0)\nis the first test condition that checks if\nnumber\nis 0 or not. If it is, then it assigns the string value\n\"Zero\"\nto\nresult\n.\nElse, the second test condition\n(number > 0)\nis evaluated if the first condition is\nfalse\n.\nNote\n: It is not recommended to use nested ternary operators. This is because it makes our code more complex.\nBefore we wrap up, let’s put your knowledge of C++ ternary operator to the test! Can you solve the following challenge?\nChallenge:\nWrite a function to return the larger of two numbers using the ternary operator.\nReturn the larger of two integers\nnum1\nand\nnum2\n.\nThe ternary operator is a shorthand way of writing an\nif...else\nstatement. Its syntax is:\ncondition ? trueValue : falseValue\nFor example, if\nnum1 = 4\nand\nnum2 = 7\n, the output should be\n7\n.","attrs_markdown":"![](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/tr?id=123000288571689&ev=PageView&noscript=1)\n\n[Stop copy pasting code you don't actually understand Build the coding confidence you need to become a developer companies will fight for Stop copy pasting code you don't actually understand Ends in Start FREE Trial Start FREE Trial Start FREE Trial Start FREE Trial](https:\/\/programiz.pro\/?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=programiz&utm_content=default_banner&utm_term=sticky_banner_launch \"Start FREE Trial\")\n\n[Stop copy pasting code you don't actually understand Build the coding confidence you need to become a developer companies will fight for Stop copy pasting code you don't actually understand Ends in Start FREE Trial Start FREE Trial Start FREE Trial Start FREE 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with over a decade of experience and thousands of feedback.\n\n[Learn Python](https:\/\/programiz.pro\/learn\/master-python?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=challenge_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_python&utm_term=nav_programiz-pro_challenges \"Learn Python\")\n\n[Learn HTML](https:\/\/programiz.pro\/course\/learn-html?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=challenge_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_html&utm_term=nav_programiz-pro_challenges \"Learn HTML\")\n\n[Learn JavaScript](https:\/\/programiz.pro\/learn\/master-javascript?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=challenge_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_javascript&utm_term=nav_programiz-pro_challenges \"Learn JavaScript\")\n\n[Learn 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a certified C++  programmer.\n[Try Programiz PRO\\!](https:\/\/programiz.pro\/learn\/master-cpp?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner)\n\n#### Popular Tutorials\n[C++ if...else Statement](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/if-else?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"C++ if...else Statement\")\n\n[C++ for Loop](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/for-loop?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"C++ for Loop\")\n\n[Arrays in C++](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/arrays?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"Arrays in C++\")\n\n[Strings in C++](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/strings?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"Strings in C++\")\n\n[C++ Class & Objects](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/object-class?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"C++ Class & Objects\")\n\n[Start Learning C++](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"C++ tutorials\")\n\n[All C++ Tutorials](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"All C++ tutorials\")\n\n#### Reference Materials\n[iostream](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/library-function\/iostream?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"iostream\")\n\n[cmath](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/library-function\/cmath?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"cmath\")\n\n[cstring](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/library-function\/cstring?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"cstring\")\n\n[ctime](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/library-function\/ctime?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"ctime\")\n\n[View all](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/library-function?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_tutorials_banner \"C++ References\")\n\n[Python](\"Python\")\n\n[JavaScript](\"JavaScript\")\n\n[C](\"C\")\n\n[C++](\"C++\")\n\n[Java](\"Java\")\n\n[R](\"R\")\n\n[Kotlin](\"Kotlin\")\n\nBecome a certified C++   \nprogrammer.\n\n[Try Programiz PRO\\!](https:\/\/programiz.pro\/learn\/master-cpp?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_examples_banner)\n\n#### Popular Examples\n[Create a simple calculator](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/examples\/calculator-switch-case?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_examples_banner \"Create a simple calculator\")\n\n[Check prime number](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/examples\/prime-number?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_examples_banner \"Check prime number\")\n\n[Print the Fibonacci sequence](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/examples\/fibonacci-series?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_examples_banner \"Print the Fibonacci sequence\")\n\n[Check if a number is palindrome or not](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/examples\/palindrome-number?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_examples_banner \"Check if a number is palindrome or not\")\n\n[Program to multiply matrix](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/examples\/matrix-multiplication?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_examples_banner \"Program to multiply matrix\")\n\n[All C++ Examples](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/examples?utm_source=programiz.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_audience=ORGANIC-FREEMIUM&utm_campaign=course_promotion&utm_content=interests_learn_cpp&utm_term=nav_examples_banner \"C++ Examples\")\n\n- ### Introduction to C++\n  - [Getting Started With C++](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/getting-started \"Getting Started With C++\")\n  - [Your First C++ Program](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/first-program \"Your First C++ Program\")\n  - [C++ Comments](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/comments \"C++ Comments\")\n- ### C++ Fundamentals\n  - [C++ Keywords and Identifiers](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/keywords-identifiers \"C++ Keywords and Identifiers\")\n  - [C++ Variables, Literals and Constants](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/variables-literals \"C++ Variables, Literals and Constants\")\n  - [C++ Data Types](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/data-types \"C++ Data Types\")\n  - [C++ Type Modifiers](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/type-modifiers \"C++ Type Modifiers\")\n  - [C++ Constants](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/constants \"C++ Constants\")\n  - [C++ Basic Input\/Output](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/input-output \"C++ Basic Input\/Output\")\n  - [C++ Operators](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/operators \"C++ Operators\")\n- ### Flow Control\n  - [C++ Relational and Logical Operators](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/relational-logical-operators \"C++ Relational and Logical Operators\")\n  - [C++ if, if...else and Nested if...else](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/if-else \"C++ if, if...else and Nested if...else\")\n  - [C++ for Loop](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/for-loop \"C++ for Loop\")\n  - [C++ while and do...while Loop](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/do-while-loop \"C++ while and do...while Loop\")\n  - [C++ break Statement](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/break-statement \"C++ break Statement\")\n  - [C++ continue Statement](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/continue-statement \"C++ continue Statement\")\n  - [C++ goto Statement](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/goto \"C++ goto Statement\")\n  - [C++ switch..case Statement](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/switch-case \"C++ switch..case Statement\")\n  - [C++ Ternary Operator](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/ternary-operator \"C++ Ternary Operator\")\n- ### Functions\n  - [C++ Functions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/function \"C++ Functions\")\n  - [C++ Programming Default Arguments](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/default-argument \"C++ Programming Default Arguments\")\n  - [C++ Function Overloading](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/function-overloading \"C++ Function Overloading\")\n  - [C++ Inline Functions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/inline-function \"C++ Inline Functions\")\n  - [C++ Recursion](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/recursion \"C++ Recursion\")\n- ### Arrays and Strings\n  - [C++ Arrays](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/arrays \"C++ Arrays\")\n  - [C++ Array to Function](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/passing-arrays-function \"C++ Array to Function\")\n  - [C++ Multidimensional Arrays](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/multidimensional-arrays \"C++ Multidimensional Arrays\")\n  - [C++ String](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/strings \"C++ String\")\n  - [C++ String Class](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/string-class \"C++ String Class\")\n- ### Pointers and References\n  - [C++ Pointers](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/pointers \"C++ Pointers\")\n  - [C++ Pointers and Arrays](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/pointers-arrays \"C++ Pointers and Arrays\")\n  - [C++ References: Using Pointers](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/references \"C++ References: Using Pointers\")\n  - [C++ Call by Reference: Using pointers](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/pointers-function \"C++ Call by Reference: Using pointers\")\n  - [C++ Memory Management: new and delete](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/memory-management \"C++ Memory Management: new and delete\")\n- ### Structures and Enumerations\n  - [C++ Structures](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/structure \"C++ Structures\")\n  - [C++ Structure and Function](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/structure-function \"C++ Structure and Function\")\n  - [C++ Pointers to Structure](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/structure-pointer \"C++ Pointers to Structure\")\n  - [C++ Enumeration](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/enumeration \"C++ Enumeration\")\n- ### Object Oriented Programming\n  - [C++ Classes and Objects](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/object-class \"C++ Classes and Objects\")\n  - [C++ Constructors](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/constructors \"C++ Constructors\")\n  - [C++ Constructor Overloading](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/constructor-overloading \"C++ Constructor Overloading\")\n  - [C++ Destructors](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/destructors \"C++ Destructors\")\n  - [C++ Access Modifiers](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/access-modifiers \"C++ Access Modifiers\")\n  - [C++ Encapsulation](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/encapsulation \"C++ Encapsulation\")\n  - [C++ friend Function and friend Classes](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/friend-function-class \"C++ friend Function and friend Classes\")\n- ### Inheritance & Polymorphism\n  - [C++ Inheritance](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/inheritance \"C++ Inheritance\")\n  - [C++ Public, Protected and Private Inheritance](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/public-protected-private-inheritance \"C++ Public, Protected and Private Inheritance\")\n  - [C++ Multiple, Multilevel and Hierarchical Inheritance](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/multilevel-multiple-inheritance \"C++ Multiple, Multilevel and Hierarchical Inheritance\")\n  - [C++ Function Overriding](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/function-overriding \"C++ Function Overriding\")\n  - [C++ Virtual Functions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/virtual-functions \"C++ Virtual Functions\")\n  - [C++ Abstract Class and Pure Virtual Function](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/pure-virtual-funtion \"C++ Abstract Class and Pure Virtual Function\")\n- ### STL - Vector, Queue & Stack\n  - [C++ Standard Template Library](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/standard-template-library \"C++ Standard Template Library\")\n  - [C++ STL Containers](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/stl-containers \"C++ STL Containers\")\n  - [C++ std::array](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/std-array \"C++ std::array\")\n  - [C++ Vectors](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/vectors \"C++ Vectors\")\n  - [C++ List](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/list \"C++ List\")\n  - [C++ Forward List](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/forward-list \"C++ Forward List\")\n  - [C++ Queue](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/queue \"C++ Queue\")\n  - [C++ Deque](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/deque \"C++ Deque\")\n  - [C++ Priority Queue](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/dsa\/priority-queue \"C++ Priority Queue\")\n  - [C++ Stack](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/stack \"C++ Stack\")\n- ### STL - Map & Set\n  - [C++ Map](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/map \"C++ Map\")\n  - [C++ Set](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/set \"C++ Set\")\n  - [C++ Multimap](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/multimap \"C++ Multimap\")\n  - [C++ Multiset](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/multiset \"C++ Multiset\")\n  - [C++ Unordered Map](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/unordered-map \"C++ Unordered Map\")\n  - [C++ Unordered Set](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/unordered-set \"C++ Unordered Set\")\n  - [C++ Unordered Multiset](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/unordered-multiset \"C++ Unordered Multiset\")\n  - [C++ Unordered Multimap](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/unordered-multimap \"C++ Unordered Multimap\")\n- ### STL - Iterators & Algorithms\n  - [C++ Iterators](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/iterators \"C++ Iterators\")\n  - [C++ Algorithm](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/algorithm \"C++ Algorithm\")\n  - [C++ Functor](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/functors \"C++ Functor\")\n- ### Additional Topics\n  - [C++ Exceptions Handling](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/exception-handling \"C++ Exceptions Handling (With Examples)\")\n  - [C++ File Handling](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/file-handling \"C++ File Handling\")\n  - [C++ Ranged for Loop](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/ranged-for-loop \"C++ Ranged for Loop\")\n  - [C++ Nested Loop](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/nested-loops \"C++ Nested Loop\")\n  - [C++ Function Template](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/function-template \"C++ Function Template\")\n  - [C++ Class Templates](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/class-templates \"C++ Class Templates\")\n  - [C++ Type Conversion](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/type-conversion \"C++ Type Conversion\")\n  - [C++ Type Conversion Operators](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/type-conversion-operators \"C++ Type Conversion Operators\")\n  - [C++ Operator Overloading](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/operator-overloading \"C++ Operator Overloading\")\n- ### Advanced Topics\n  - [C++ 11](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/cpp-11 \"C++ 11\")\n  - [C++ Lambda](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/lambda-expression \"C++ Lambda\")\n  - [C++ Namespaces](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/namespaces \"C++ Namespaces\")\n  - [C++ Preprocessors and Macros](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/preprocessor-macros \"C++ Preprocessors and Macros\")\n  - [C++ Storage Class](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/storage-class \"C++ Storage Class\")\n  - [C++ Bitwise Operators](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/bitwise-operators \"C++ Bitwise Operators\")\n  - [C++ Assert](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/assertions \"C++ Assert\")\n  - [C++ Buffers](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/buffer \"C++ Buffers\")\n  - [C++ istream](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/istream \"C++ istream\")\n  - [C++ ostream](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/ostream \"C++ ostream\")\n\n### C++ Tutorials\n- [C++ if, if...else and Nested if...else](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/if-else)\n- [Add Complex Numbers by Passing Structure to a Function](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/examples\/complex-number-add)\n- [Check Whether Number is Even or Odd](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/examples\/even-odd)\n- [Subtract Complex Number Using Operator Overloading](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/operator-overloading\/binary-operator-overloading)\n- [C++ Operator Precedence and Associativity](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/operators-precedence-associativity)\n- [C++ Operators](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/operators)\n\n# C++ Ternary Operator\nIn C++, the ternary operator is a concise, inline method used to execute one of two expressions based on a condition. It is also called the conditional operator.\n***\n## Ternary Operator in C++\nA ternary operator evaluates the test condition and executes an expression out of two based on the result of the condition.\n\n**Syntax**\n```\ncondition ? expression1 : expression2;\n```\nHere, `condition` is evaluated and\n\n- if `condition` is `true`, `expression1` is executed.\n- if `condition` is `false`, `expression2` is executed.\n\nThe ternary operator takes **3 operands** (`condition`, `expression1` and `expression2`). Hence, the name **ternary operator**.\n***\n## Example: C++ Ternary Operator\n```\n#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n  double marks;\n\n  \/\/ take input from users\n  cout << \"Enter your marks: \";\n  cin >> marks;\n\n  \/\/ ternary operator checks if\n  \/\/ marks is greater than 40\n  string result = (marks >= 40) ? \"passed\" : \"failed\";\n\n  cout << \"You \" << result << \" the exam.\";\n\n  return 0;\n}\n```\n**Output 1**\n```\nEnter your marks: 80 You passed the exam.\n```\nSuppose the user enters **80**. Then, the condition `marks >= 40` evaluates to `true`. Hence, the first expression `\"passed\"` is assigned to result.\n\n**Output 2**\n```\nEnter your marks: 39.5 You failed the exam.\n```\nNow, suppose the user enters **39\\.5**. Then, the condition `marks >= 40` evaluates to `false`. Hence, the second expression `\"failed\"` is assigned to result.\n\n**Note:** We should only use the ternary operator if the resulting statement is short.\n\nTernary Operator Vs. if…else\n\n**1\\. Ternary Operator for Concise Code**\n\nThe ternary operator is best for simple, inline conditional assignments where readability is not compromised. For example,\n```\nint age = 20;\nstring status;\n\nstatus = (age >= 18) ? \"Adult\" : \"Minor\";\n```\nIn this example, the condition `age >= 18` is evaluated. If it's true, `Adult` is assigned to status; if it's false, `Minor` is assigned.\n\nThis is much more concise than using a full `if...else` statement, which would look like this:\n```\nint age = 20;\nstring status;\n\nif (age >= 18) {\n    status = \"Adult\";\n} else {\n    status = \"Minor\";\n}\n```\nHere, the `if...else` statement takes up more lines and can clutter code when used for many simple conditional assignments.\n\n**2\\. if...else for Clarity in Complex Conditions**\n\nThe `if...else` statement is better suited for complex decision-making processes and when clarity and readability are prioritized over brevity.\n\nSuppose you need to categorize weather based on multiple conditions. Using a ternary operator with multiple conditional statements would be cumbersome and hard to read. In such cases, we use `if...else`.\n\nLet's look at an example.\n```\nint temperature = 25;\nstring category;\n\nif (temperature < 10) {\n    category = \"Cold\";\n} else if (temperature <= 25) {\n    category = \"Moderate\";\n} else if (temperature > 25) {\n    category = \"Hot\";\n} else {\n    category = \"Inhabitable\";\n}\n```\n**3\\. Ternary Operator Implicitly Returns a Value**\n\nLet's look at an example to justify this point.\n```\nint number = -4;\nstring result;\n\n\/\/ ternary operator assigns value directly result = (number > 0) ? \"Positive Number\" : \"Negative Number\";\n```\nHere, the ternary operator returns the value based on the condition `(number>0)`. The returned value is stored in the result variable.\n\nIn contrast, `if...else` does not inherently return a value. Thus, assignment to a variable is explicit.\n```\nint number = -4;\nstring result;\n\n\/\/ explicit assignment with if...else if (number > 0) result = \"Positive Number\"; else result = \"Negative Number\";\n```\n***\n## Nested Ternary Operators\nIt is also possible to use one ternary operator inside another ternary operator. It is called the nested ternary operator in C++.\n\nHere's a program to find whether a number is positive, negative, or zero using the nested ternary operator.\n```\n#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n  int number = 0;\n  string result;\n\n  \/\/ nested ternary operator to find whether\n  \/\/ number is positive, negative, or zero\n  result = (number == 0) ? \"Zero\" : ((number > 0) ? \"Positive\" : \"Negative\");\n\n  cout << \"Number is \" << result;\n\n  return 0;\n}\n```\n**Output**\n```\nNumber is Zero\n```\nIn the above example, notice the use of ternary operators,\n```\n(number == 0) ? \"Zero\" : ((number > 0) ? \"Positive\" : \"Negative\");\n```\nHere,\n\n- `(number == 0)` is the first test condition that checks if\n  number\n  is 0 or not. If it is, then it assigns the string value `\"Zero\"` to\n  result\n  .\n- Else, the second test condition `(number > 0)` is evaluated if the first condition is `false`.\n\n**Note**: It is not recommended to use nested ternary operators. This is because it makes our code more complex.\n\n### Table of Contents\n- [Introduction](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/ternary-operator#introduction)\n- [Ternary Operator in C++](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/ternary-operator#ternary-operator)\n- [Example: C++ Ternary Operator](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/ternary-operator#example)\n- [Nested Ternary Operators](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/ternary-operator#nested-ternary)\n\nBefore we wrap up, let’s put your knowledge of C++ ternary operator to the test! Can you solve the following challenge?\n\nChallenge:\n\nWrite a function to return the larger of two numbers using the ternary operator.\n\n- Return the larger of two integers `num1` and `num2`.\n- The ternary operator is a shorthand way of writing an `if...else` statement. Its syntax is:\n- `condition ? trueValue : falseValue`\n- For example, if `num1 = 4`and `num2 = 7`, the output should be **7**.\n\nCheck Code\n\n[Previous Tutorial: C++ switch..case Statement](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/switch-case \"C++ switch..case Statement\")\n\n[Next Tutorial: C++ Functions](https:\/\/www.programiz.com\/cpp-programming\/function \"C++ Functions\")\n\nShare on:\n\nDid you find this article helpful?\n\nYour builder path starts here. 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Ltd. All rights reserved.","attrs_readable_markdown":"In C++, the ternary operator is a concise, inline method used to execute one of two expressions based on a condition. It is also called the conditional operator.\n***\n## Ternary Operator in C++\nA ternary operator evaluates the test condition and executes an expression out of two based on the result of the condition.\n\n**Syntax**\n```\ncondition ? expression1 : expression2;\n```\nHere, `condition` is evaluated and\n\n- if `condition` is `true`, `expression1` is executed.\n- if `condition` is `false`, `expression2` is executed.\n\nThe ternary operator takes **3 operands** (`condition`, `expression1` and `expression2`). Hence, the name **ternary operator**.\n***\n## Example: C++ Ternary Operator\n```\n#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n  double marks;\n\n  \/\/ take input from users\n  cout << \"Enter your marks: \";\n  cin >> marks;\n\n  \/\/ ternary operator checks if\n  \/\/ marks is greater than 40\n  string result = (marks >= 40) ? \"passed\" : \"failed\";\n\n  cout << \"You \" << result << \" the exam.\";\n\n  return 0;\n}\n```\n**Output 1**\n```\nEnter your marks: 80 You passed the exam.\n```\nSuppose the user enters **80**. Then, the condition `marks >= 40` evaluates to `true`. Hence, the first expression `\"passed\"` is assigned to result.\n\n**Output 2**\n```\nEnter your marks: 39.5 You failed the exam.\n```\nNow, suppose the user enters **39\\.5**. Then, the condition `marks >= 40` evaluates to `false`. Hence, the second expression `\"failed\"` is assigned to result.\n\n**Note:** We should only use the ternary operator if the resulting statement is short.\n\n**1\\. Ternary Operator for Concise Code**\n\nThe ternary operator is best for simple, inline conditional assignments where readability is not compromised. For example,\n```\nint age = 20;\nstring status;\n\nstatus = (age >= 18) ? \"Adult\" : \"Minor\";\n```\nIn this example, the condition `age >= 18` is evaluated. If it's true, `Adult` is assigned to status; if it's false, `Minor` is assigned.\n\nThis is much more concise than using a full `if...else` statement, which would look like this:\n```\nint age = 20;\nstring status;\n\nif (age >= 18) {\n    status = \"Adult\";\n} else {\n    status = \"Minor\";\n}\n```\nHere, the `if...else` statement takes up more lines and can clutter code when used for many simple conditional assignments.\n\n**2\\. if...else for Clarity in Complex Conditions**\n\nThe `if...else` statement is better suited for complex decision-making processes and when clarity and readability are prioritized over brevity.\n\nSuppose you need to categorize weather based on multiple conditions. Using a ternary operator with multiple conditional statements would be cumbersome and hard to read. In such cases, we use `if...else`.\n\nLet's look at an example.\n```\nint temperature = 25;\nstring category;\n\nif (temperature < 10) {\n    category = \"Cold\";\n} else if (temperature <= 25) {\n    category = \"Moderate\";\n} else if (temperature > 25) {\n    category = \"Hot\";\n} else {\n    category = \"Inhabitable\";\n}\n```\n**3\\. Ternary Operator Implicitly Returns a Value**\n\nLet's look at an example to justify this point.\n```\nint number = -4;\nstring result;\n\n\/\/ ternary operator assigns value directly result = (number > 0) ? \"Positive Number\" : \"Negative Number\";\n```\nHere, the ternary operator returns the value based on the condition `(number>0)`. The returned value is stored in the result variable.\n\nIn contrast, `if...else` does not inherently return a value. Thus, assignment to a variable is explicit.\n```\nint number = -4;\nstring result;\n\n\/\/ explicit assignment with if...else if (number > 0) result = \"Positive Number\"; else result = \"Negative Number\";\n```\n***\n## Nested Ternary Operators\nIt is also possible to use one ternary operator inside another ternary operator. It is called the nested ternary operator in C++.\n\nHere's a program to find whether a number is positive, negative, or zero using the nested ternary operator.\n```\n#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n  int number = 0;\n  string result;\n\n  \/\/ nested ternary operator to find whether\n  \/\/ number is positive, negative, or zero\n  result = (number == 0) ? \"Zero\" : ((number > 0) ? \"Positive\" : \"Negative\");\n\n  cout << \"Number is \" << result;\n\n  return 0;\n}\n```\n**Output**\n```\nNumber is Zero\n```\nIn the above example, notice the use of ternary operators,\n```\n(number == 0) ? \"Zero\" : ((number > 0) ? \"Positive\" : \"Negative\");\n```\nHere,\n\n- `(number == 0)` is the first test condition that checks if\n  number\n  is 0 or not. If it is, then it assigns the string value `\"Zero\"` to\n  result\n  .\n- Else, the second test condition `(number > 0)` is evaluated if the first condition is `false`.\n\n**Note**: It is not recommended to use nested ternary operators. This is because it makes our code more complex.\n\nBefore we wrap up, let’s put your knowledge of C++ ternary operator to the test! Can you solve the following challenge?\n\nChallenge:\n\nWrite a function to return the larger of two numbers using the ternary operator.\n\n- Return the larger of two integers `num1` and `num2`.\n- The ternary operator is a shorthand way of writing an `if...else` statement. Its syntax is:\n- `condition ? trueValue : falseValue`\n- For example, if `num1 = 4`and `num2 = 7`, the output should be **7**.","meta_canonical":null,"ml_categories_json":"{\"\/Computers_and_Electronics\":992,\"\/Computers_and_Electronics\/Programming\":984,\"\/Computers_and_Electronics\/Programming\/C_and_C++\":961}","ml_types_json":"{\"\/Article\":999,\"\/Article\/Tutorial_or_Guide\":991}","ml_intent_types_json":"{\"Informational\":999}","meta_language":"en-us","attrs_author":null,"attrs_publish_time":0,"attrs_original_publish_time":1604553127,"attrs_is_republished":0,"attrs_nr_words":"1837","attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words":"848","body_ext_links_number":42,"body_int_links_number":183,"meta_nofollow":0,"meta_noarchive":0,"props_was_rendered":0,"src_redirect":"","download_time_msec":394,"download_ttfb_msec":370,"download_size":34901}

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In C++, the ternary operator is a concise, inline method used to execute one of two expressions based on a condition. It is also called the conditional operator. Ternary Operator in C++ A ternary operator evaluates the test condition and executes an expression out of two based on the result of the condition. Syntax condition ? expression1 : expression2; Here, condition is evaluated and if condition is true , expression1 is executed. if condition is false , expression2 is executed. The ternary operator takes 3 operands ( condition , expression1 and expression2 ). Hence, the name ternary operator . Example: C++ Ternary Operator #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { double marks; // take input from users cout << "Enter your marks: "; cin >> marks; // ternary operator checks if // marks is greater than 40 string result = (marks >= 40) ? "passed" : "failed"; cout << "You " << result << " the exam."; return 0; } Output 1 Enter your marks: 80 You passed the exam. Suppose the user enters 80 . Then, the condition marks >= 40 evaluates to true . Hence, the first expression "passed" is assigned to result . Output 2 Enter your marks: 39.5 You failed the exam. Now, suppose the user enters 39.5 . Then, the condition marks >= 40 evaluates to false . Hence, the second expression "failed" is assigned to result . Note: We should only use the ternary operator if the resulting statement is short. 1. Ternary Operator for Concise Code The ternary operator is best for simple, inline conditional assignments where readability is not compromised. For example, int age = 20; string status; status = (age >= 18) ? "Adult" : "Minor"; In this example, the condition age >= 18 is evaluated. If it's true, Adult is assigned to status; if it's false, Minor is assigned. This is much more concise than using a full if...else statement, which would look like this: int age = 20; string status; if (age >= 18) { status = "Adult"; } else { status = "Minor"; } Here, the if...else statement takes up more lines and can clutter code when used for many simple conditional assignments. 2. if...else for Clarity in Complex Conditions The if...else statement is better suited for complex decision-making processes and when clarity and readability are prioritized over brevity. Suppose you need to categorize weather based on multiple conditions. Using a ternary operator with multiple conditional statements would be cumbersome and hard to read. In such cases, we use if...else . Let's look at an example. int temperature = 25; string category; if (temperature < 10) { category = "Cold"; } else if (temperature <= 25) { category = "Moderate"; } else if (temperature > 25) { category = "Hot"; } else { category = "Inhabitable"; } 3. Ternary Operator Implicitly Returns a Value Let's look at an example to justify this point. int number = -4; string result; // ternary operator assigns value directly result = (number > 0) ? "Positive Number" : "Negative Number"; Here, the ternary operator returns the value based on the condition (number>0) . The returned value is stored in the result variable. In contrast, if...else does not inherently return a value. Thus, assignment to a variable is explicit. int number = -4; string result; // explicit assignment with if...else if (number > 0) result = "Positive Number"; else result = "Negative Number"; Nested Ternary Operators It is also possible to use one ternary operator inside another ternary operator. It is called the nested ternary operator in C++. Here's a program to find whether a number is positive, negative, or zero using the nested ternary operator. #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { int number = 0; string result; // nested ternary operator to find whether // number is positive, negative, or zero result = (number == 0) ? "Zero" : ((number > 0) ? "Positive" : "Negative"); cout << "Number is " << result; return 0; } Output Number is Zero In the above example, notice the use of ternary operators, (number == 0) ? "Zero" : ((number > 0) ? "Positive" : "Negative"); Here, (number == 0) is the first test condition that checks if number is 0 or not. If it is, then it assigns the string value "Zero" to result . Else, the second test condition (number > 0) is evaluated if the first condition is false . Note : It is not recommended to use nested ternary operators. This is because it makes our code more complex. Before we wrap up, let’s put your knowledge of C++ ternary operator to the test! Can you solve the following challenge? Challenge: Write a function to return the larger of two numbers using the ternary operator. Return the larger of two integers num1 and num2 . The ternary operator is a shorthand way of writing an if...else statement. Its syntax is: condition ? trueValue : falseValue For example, if num1 = 4 and num2 = 7 , the output should be 7 .

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[C++ Operator Precedence and Associativity](https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/operators-precedence-associativity) - [C++ Operators](https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/operators) # C++ Ternary Operator In C++, the ternary operator is a concise, inline method used to execute one of two expressions based on a condition. It is also called the conditional operator. *** ## Ternary Operator in C++ A ternary operator evaluates the test condition and executes an expression out of two based on the result of the condition. **Syntax** ``` condition ? expression1 : expression2; ``` Here, `condition` is evaluated and - if `condition` is `true`, `expression1` is executed. - if `condition` is `false`, `expression2` is executed. The ternary operator takes **3 operands** (`condition`, `expression1` and `expression2`). Hence, the name **ternary operator**. *** ## Example: C++ Ternary Operator ``` #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { double marks; // take input from users cout << "Enter your marks: "; cin >> marks; // ternary operator checks if // marks is greater than 40 string result = (marks >= 40) ? "passed" : "failed"; cout << "You " << result << " the exam."; return 0; } ``` **Output 1** ``` Enter your marks: 80 You passed the exam. ``` Suppose the user enters **80**. Then, the condition `marks >= 40` evaluates to `true`. Hence, the first expression `"passed"` is assigned to result. **Output 2** ``` Enter your marks: 39.5 You failed the exam. ``` Now, suppose the user enters **39\.5**. Then, the condition `marks >= 40` evaluates to `false`. Hence, the second expression `"failed"` is assigned to result. **Note:** We should only use the ternary operator if the resulting statement is short. Ternary Operator Vs. if…else **1\. Ternary Operator for Concise Code** The ternary operator is best for simple, inline conditional assignments where readability is not compromised. For example, ``` int age = 20; string status; status = (age >= 18) ? "Adult" : "Minor"; ``` In this example, the condition `age >= 18` is evaluated. If it's true, `Adult` is assigned to status; if it's false, `Minor` is assigned. This is much more concise than using a full `if...else` statement, which would look like this: ``` int age = 20; string status; if (age >= 18) { status = "Adult"; } else { status = "Minor"; } ``` Here, the `if...else` statement takes up more lines and can clutter code when used for many simple conditional assignments. **2\. if...else for Clarity in Complex Conditions** The `if...else` statement is better suited for complex decision-making processes and when clarity and readability are prioritized over brevity. Suppose you need to categorize weather based on multiple conditions. Using a ternary operator with multiple conditional statements would be cumbersome and hard to read. In such cases, we use `if...else`. Let's look at an example. ``` int temperature = 25; string category; if (temperature < 10) { category = "Cold"; } else if (temperature <= 25) { category = "Moderate"; } else if (temperature > 25) { category = "Hot"; } else { category = "Inhabitable"; } ``` **3\. Ternary Operator Implicitly Returns a Value** Let's look at an example to justify this point. ``` int number = -4; string result; // ternary operator assigns value directly result = (number > 0) ? "Positive Number" : "Negative Number"; ``` Here, the ternary operator returns the value based on the condition `(number>0)`. The returned value is stored in the result variable. In contrast, `if...else` does not inherently return a value. Thus, assignment to a variable is explicit. ``` int number = -4; string result; // explicit assignment with if...else if (number > 0) result = "Positive Number"; else result = "Negative Number"; ``` *** ## Nested Ternary Operators It is also possible to use one ternary operator inside another ternary operator. It is called the nested ternary operator in C++. Here's a program to find whether a number is positive, negative, or zero using the nested ternary operator. ``` #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { int number = 0; string result; // nested ternary operator to find whether // number is positive, negative, or zero result = (number == 0) ? "Zero" : ((number > 0) ? "Positive" : "Negative"); cout << "Number is " << result; return 0; } ``` **Output** ``` Number is Zero ``` In the above example, notice the use of ternary operators, ``` (number == 0) ? "Zero" : ((number > 0) ? "Positive" : "Negative"); ``` Here, - `(number == 0)` is the first test condition that checks if number is 0 or not. If it is, then it assigns the string value `"Zero"` to result . - Else, the second test condition `(number > 0)` is evaluated if the first condition is `false`. **Note**: It is not recommended to use nested ternary operators. This is because it makes our code more complex. ### Table of Contents - [Introduction](https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/ternary-operator#introduction) - [Ternary Operator in C++](https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/ternary-operator#ternary-operator) - [Example: C++ Ternary Operator](https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/ternary-operator#example) - [Nested Ternary Operators](https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/ternary-operator#nested-ternary) Before we wrap up, let’s put your knowledge of C++ ternary operator to the test! Can you solve the following challenge? Challenge: Write a function to return the larger of two numbers using the ternary operator. - Return the larger of two integers `num1` and `num2`. - The ternary operator is a shorthand way of writing an `if...else` statement. Its syntax is: - `condition ? trueValue : falseValue` - For example, if `num1 = 4`and `num2 = 7`, the output should be **7**. Check Code [Previous Tutorial: C++ switch..case Statement](https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/switch-case "C++ switch..case Statement") [Next Tutorial: C++ Functions](https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/function "C++ Functions") Share on: Did you find this article helpful? Your builder path starts here. Builders don't just know how to code, they create solutions that matter. Escape tutorial hell and ship real projects. 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In C++, the ternary operator is a concise, inline method used to execute one of two expressions based on a condition. It is also called the conditional operator. *** ## Ternary Operator in C++ A ternary operator evaluates the test condition and executes an expression out of two based on the result of the condition. **Syntax** ``` condition ? expression1 : expression2; ``` Here, `condition` is evaluated and - if `condition` is `true`, `expression1` is executed. - if `condition` is `false`, `expression2` is executed. The ternary operator takes **3 operands** (`condition`, `expression1` and `expression2`). Hence, the name **ternary operator**. *** ## Example: C++ Ternary Operator ``` #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { double marks; // take input from users cout << "Enter your marks: "; cin >> marks; // ternary operator checks if // marks is greater than 40 string result = (marks >= 40) ? "passed" : "failed"; cout << "You " << result << " the exam."; return 0; } ``` **Output 1** ``` Enter your marks: 80 You passed the exam. ``` Suppose the user enters **80**. Then, the condition `marks >= 40` evaluates to `true`. Hence, the first expression `"passed"` is assigned to result. **Output 2** ``` Enter your marks: 39.5 You failed the exam. ``` Now, suppose the user enters **39\.5**. Then, the condition `marks >= 40` evaluates to `false`. Hence, the second expression `"failed"` is assigned to result. **Note:** We should only use the ternary operator if the resulting statement is short. **1\. Ternary Operator for Concise Code** The ternary operator is best for simple, inline conditional assignments where readability is not compromised. For example, ``` int age = 20; string status; status = (age >= 18) ? "Adult" : "Minor"; ``` In this example, the condition `age >= 18` is evaluated. If it's true, `Adult` is assigned to status; if it's false, `Minor` is assigned. This is much more concise than using a full `if...else` statement, which would look like this: ``` int age = 20; string status; if (age >= 18) { status = "Adult"; } else { status = "Minor"; } ``` Here, the `if...else` statement takes up more lines and can clutter code when used for many simple conditional assignments. **2\. if...else for Clarity in Complex Conditions** The `if...else` statement is better suited for complex decision-making processes and when clarity and readability are prioritized over brevity. Suppose you need to categorize weather based on multiple conditions. Using a ternary operator with multiple conditional statements would be cumbersome and hard to read. In such cases, we use `if...else`. Let's look at an example. ``` int temperature = 25; string category; if (temperature < 10) { category = "Cold"; } else if (temperature <= 25) { category = "Moderate"; } else if (temperature > 25) { category = "Hot"; } else { category = "Inhabitable"; } ``` **3\. Ternary Operator Implicitly Returns a Value** Let's look at an example to justify this point. ``` int number = -4; string result; // ternary operator assigns value directly result = (number > 0) ? "Positive Number" : "Negative Number"; ``` Here, the ternary operator returns the value based on the condition `(number>0)`. The returned value is stored in the result variable. In contrast, `if...else` does not inherently return a value. Thus, assignment to a variable is explicit. ``` int number = -4; string result; // explicit assignment with if...else if (number > 0) result = "Positive Number"; else result = "Negative Number"; ``` *** ## Nested Ternary Operators It is also possible to use one ternary operator inside another ternary operator. It is called the nested ternary operator in C++. Here's a program to find whether a number is positive, negative, or zero using the nested ternary operator. ``` #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { int number = 0; string result; // nested ternary operator to find whether // number is positive, negative, or zero result = (number == 0) ? "Zero" : ((number > 0) ? "Positive" : "Negative"); cout << "Number is " << result; return 0; } ``` **Output** ``` Number is Zero ``` In the above example, notice the use of ternary operators, ``` (number == 0) ? "Zero" : ((number > 0) ? "Positive" : "Negative"); ``` Here, - `(number == 0)` is the first test condition that checks if number is 0 or not. If it is, then it assigns the string value `"Zero"` to result . - Else, the second test condition `(number > 0)` is evaluated if the first condition is `false`. **Note**: It is not recommended to use nested ternary operators. This is because it makes our code more complex. Before we wrap up, let’s put your knowledge of C++ ternary operator to the test! Can you solve the following challenge? Challenge: Write a function to return the larger of two numbers using the ternary operator. - Return the larger of two integers `num1` and `num2`. - The ternary operator is a shorthand way of writing an `if...else` statement. Its syntax is: - `condition ? trueValue : falseValue` - For example, if `num1 = 4`and `num2 = 7`, the output should be **7**.

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