🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 129 (from laksa172)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa129.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad","crawl_time":1775022761,"first_indexed_time":1626814378,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"gov,nih!nimh,www,\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad s443","src_root_hash":"7295144728021232729","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Generalized Anxiety Disorder: What You Need to Know - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)","meta_descriptions":["Information about generalized anxiety disorder including common signs and symptoms, treatment options, and how to find help."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"En español\nWhat is generalized anxiety disorder?\nOccasional anxiety is a normal part of life. Many people worry about things such as health, money, school, work, or family. But people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) feel extremely worried or nervous more frequently or more intensely about these and other things—even when the worry is out of proportion with the situation.\nGAD usually involves a persistent feeling of anxiety or dread that interferes with how you live your life. It is not the same as occasionally worrying about things or experiencing anxiety due to stressful life events. For people with GAD, these feelings of anxiety can last for months or even years.\nGAD develops gradually and usually starts in early adulthood, although it can occur at any age. Women are more likely than men to experience GAD, with some women experiencing it during pregnancy and the postpartum period. With the right treatment and support, people with GAD can manage their anxiety and improve their quality of life.\nWhat are the signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?\nPeople with GAD may:\nWorry excessively about everyday things\nHave trouble controlling their worries or feelings of nervousness\nFeel irritable or “on edge” frequently\nFeel restless or have trouble relaxing\nHave a hard time concentrating\nHave trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, or feel fatigued\nExperience pain such as headaches, muscle aches, stomachaches, or tension\nTremble or twitch\nSweat a lot, feel lightheaded, or feel out of breath\nHave a hard time swallowing\nMake frequent trips to the bathroom\nAdults with GAD are often highly nervous about everyday circumstances, such as:\nJob security or performance\nHealth\nFinances\nThe health and well-being of their children or other family members\nBeing late\nCompleting household chores and other responsibilities\nChildren and teens with GAD may worry about many of the same things as adults, but their concerns often center on school, extracurricular activities, friendships, and the future. They may struggle with uncertainty, fear of making mistakes, or worry about disappointing others. Children and teens with GAD may strive for perfection as a way to manage their anxiety.\nFor all people with GAD, symptoms may fluctuate over time and are often worse during times of stress—for example, during a physical illness, school exams, or a family or relationship conflict.\nIs it normal stress or an anxiety disorder?\nLife can be stressful—a person may feel stressed about a demanding job, a performance at school, or a life change. Everyone feels stress from time to time.\nStress is the physical or mental response to an external cause, such as having a lot of homework or having an illness. A stressor may be a one-time or short-term occurrence, or it can happen repeatedly over a long time.\nAnxiety is the body's reaction to stress and can occur even if there is no current threat.\nWhile occasional stress and anxiety are normal, they shouldn’t control your life. If anxiety doesn’t go away and begins to interfere with your daily activities, you may have an anxiety disorder. Learn more about \nstress\n.\nWhat causes generalized anxiety disorder?\nGAD may run in families, but the exact cause of the disorder is unknown. Research suggests that GAD results from a mix of genetics, brain chemistry, biology, and environment. Researchers have found that external causes, such as experiencing a traumatic event or being in a stressful environment, may put a person at higher risk for developing GAD.\nHow is generalized anxiety disorder diagnosed?\nTo be diagnosed with GAD, a person must find it difficult to control worry on most days for at least 6 months. They must also have at least three of these symptoms: feeling restless or “on edge,” fatigue, trouble concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, or problems with sleep.\nIf you think you’re experiencing symptoms of GAD, talk to a health care provider, such as a primary care doctor, psychiatrist, psychologist, or clinical social worker. During the visit, the provider may ask when your symptoms began, how long they have lasted, how often they occur, and their impact on your life. After discussing your history, the provider may conduct a physical exam to ensure that an unrelated physical problem is not causing your symptoms.\nWhat other illnesses can co-occur with generalized anxiety disorder?\nSome people with GAD have other mental and physical health disorders or conditions, including depression, other anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain syndromes, cardiovascular problems, or suicidal thoughts or behaviors. GAD is also commonly associated with alcohol and substance misuse.\nThe presence of multiple disorders can make treatment more complex, and people with GAD and co-occurring mental disorders may benefit from a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses all aspects of their mental health.\nIf you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the\n988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline \nat\n988\nor chat at\n988lifeline.org \n. In life-threatening situations, call 911.\nHow is generalized anxiety disorder treated?\nGAD treatment typically involves psychotherapy, medication, or both. Choosing the right treatment plan is based on a person’s needs, preferences, and medical situation, as well as consultation with a mental health professional or a health care provider. Finding the best treatment may take trial and error, and psychotherapy and medication can take some time to work.\nPsychotherapy\nPsychotherapy (also called talk therapy or counseling) can be effective when delivered in person or virtually via telehealth. A provider may support or supplement therapy using digital or mobile technology, like apps or other tools. Different therapies work for different types of people.\nCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a research-supported type of psychotherapy, is commonly used to treat GAD. CBT helps people become aware of automatic ways of thinking that are inaccurate or harmful and then question those thoughts, understand how the thoughts affect their emotions and behavior, and change self-defeating behavior patterns to feel less anxious and worried. CBT has been well studied and is the “gold standard” choice for psychotherapy.\nAnother treatment option for GAD is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). ACT takes a different approach than CBT, encouraging nonjudgmental acceptance of thoughts and behaviors and promoting engagement in meaningful activities. ACT uses strategies such as mindfulness and goal setting to reduce a person’s discomfort and anxiety. There is a growing body of research demonstrating its effectiveness for treating GAD.\nLearn more about \npsychotherapy\n.\nMedication\nHealth care providers may prescribe medication to treat GAD. Different types of medication can be effective, including:\nAntidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)\nAnti-anxiety medications, such as benzodiazepines and buspirone\nSSRI and SNRI antidepressants are commonly used to treat depression, but they also can help treat the symptoms of GAD. They may take several weeks to start working. These medications also may cause side effects, such as headaches, nausea, or difficulty sleeping. These side effects are usually not severe for most people, especially if the dose starts low and is increased slowly over time.\nBenzodiazepines, which are anti-anxiety sedative medications, also can be used to manage severe forms of GAD. These medications can be very effective in rapidly decreasing anxiety, but some people build up a tolerance to them and need increasing doses to get the same effect. Some people even become dependent on them. Therefore, a health care provider may prescribe them only for brief periods of time.\nBuspirone is another anti-anxiety medication that can be helpful in treating GAD. Unlike benzodiazepines, buspirone is not a sedative and has less potential to be addictive. Buspirone needs to be taken for 3–4 weeks for it to be fully effective.\nLearn more about \nmental health medications\n. Read the most up-to-date information on medications, side effects, and warnings on the \nU.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website \n.\nSupport groups\nSome people with anxiety disorders benefit from joining a self-help or support group and sharing their problems and achievements with others. Support groups are available both in person and online. However, any advice you receive from a support group member should be used cautiously and does not replace treatment recommendations from a health care provider.\nHealthy habits\nPracticing a healthy lifestyle also can help combat anxiety, although this alone cannot replace treatment. Researchers have found that implementing certain healthy choices in daily life—such as reducing caffeine intake and getting enough sleep—can reduce anxiety symptoms when paired with standard care—such as psychotherapy and medication.\nStress management techniques, such as exercise, mindfulness, and meditation, also can reduce anxiety symptoms and enhance the effects of psychotherapy. You can learn more about how these techniques benefit your treatment by talking with a health care provider.\nLearn more ways to \ntake care of your mental health\n.\nHow can I support myself or a loved one with generalized anxiety disorder?\nEducate yourself\nA good way to help yourself or a loved one who may be struggling with GAD is to seek information. Research the signs and symptoms, learn about treatment options, and keep up to date with current research.\nCommunicate\nIf you are experiencing GAD symptoms, have an honest conversation about how you’re feeling with someone you trust. If you think a friend or family member may be struggling with GAD, set aside a time to talk with them to express your concern and reassure them of your support.\nKnow when to seek help\nIf your anxiety, or the anxiety of a loved one, starts to cause problems in everyday life—such as at school, at work, or with friends and family—it’s time to seek professional help.\nPractice compassion\nBe kind and patient with yourself and others. Acknowledge progress, no matter how small, and recognize that managing GAD may involve setbacks along the way.\nHow can I find help?\nIf you have concerns about your mental health, talk to a primary care provider. They can refer you to a qualified mental health professional, such as a psychologist, psychiatrist, or clinical social worker, who can help you figure out the next steps. Find \ntips for talking with a health care provider\nabout your mental health.\nYou can \nlearn more about getting help\n on the NIMH website. You can also learn about \nfinding support \nand \nlocating mental health services \nin your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) website.\nWhat are clinical trials and why are they important?\nClinical trials are research studies that look at ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. These studies help show whether a treatment is safe and effective in people. Some people join clinical trials to help doctors and researchers learn more about a disease and improve health care. Other people, such as those with health conditions, join to try treatments that aren’t widely available.\nNIMH supports clinical trials across the United States. Talk to a health care provider about clinical trials and whether one is right for you. Learn more about \nparticipating in clinical trials\n.\nFor more information\nLearn more about \nmental health disorders and topics\n. For information about various health topics, visit the \nNational Library of Medicine’s MedlinePlus \nresource.\nReprints\nThe information in this publication is in the public domain and may be reused or copied without permission. However, you may not reuse or copy images. Please\ncite the National Institute of Mental Health\nas the source.\nRead our copyright policy\nto learn more about our guidelines for reusing NIMH content.\nU.S. Department of Health and Human Services\nNational Institutes of Health\nRevised 2025","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#main-content)\n\n![](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/themes\/nimhtheme\/uswds\/images\/us_flag_small.png)\n\nAn official website of the United States government\n\nHere’s how you know\n\nHere’s how you know\n\n![](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/themes\/nimhtheme\/uswds\/images\/icon-dot-gov.svg)\n\n**Official websites use .gov**  \nA **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.\n\n![](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/themes\/nimhtheme\/uswds\/images\/icon-https.svg)\n\n**Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**  \nA **lock** ( Locked padlock icon) or **https:\/\/** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.\n\nDue to current HHS and NIH restructuring, some content on nimh.nih.gov is not being updated regularly. Please refer to [clinicaltrials.gov](https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/) and [nih.gov](https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/about-nih\/nih-director\/statements\/nih-launches-initiative-modernize-strengthen-biosafety-oversight) for up-to-date information on NIH research.\n\n[![NIMH Logo](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/themes\/nimhtheme\/nimh-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/ \"NIMH Home\")\n\n[In Crisis? Call or Text 988](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/)\n\nTransforming the understanding   \n and treatment of mental illnesses.\n\n[Home](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/) \\| [Help for Mental Illnesses](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/find-help)\n\n[Información en español](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/espanol)\n\n- [Mental Health Information](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health)\n- [Get Involved](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/get-involved)\n- [Research](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/research)\n- [Funding](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/funding)\n- [News & Events](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/news)\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about)\n\n[Health Topics NIMH offers expert-reviewed information on mental disorders and a range of topics.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics)\n\n[Statistics NIMH statistics pages include statistics on the prevalence, treatment, and costs of mental illness for the population of the United States.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics)\n\n[Brochures and Fact Sheets Download, read, and order free NIMH brochures and fact sheets about mental disorders and related topics.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications)\n\n[Help for Mental Illnesses If you or someone you know has a mental illness, there are ways to get help. Use these resources to find help for yourself, a friend, or a family member.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/find-help)\n\n[Clinical Trials If you or a friend or family member are thinking about taking part in clinical research, this page contains basic information about clinical trials.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/trials)\n\n[Stakeholder Engagement Find out how NIMH engages a range of stakeholder organizations as part of its efforts to ensure the greatest public health impact of the research we support.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/get-involved\/public-involvement)\n\n[Connect with NIMH Learn more about NIMH newsletters, public participation in grant reviews, research funding, clinical trials, the NIMH Gift Fund, and connecting with NIMH on social media.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/get-involved\/connect-with-nimh)\n\n[Digital Shareables Use these free education and outreach materials in your community and on social media to spread the word about mental health and related topics.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/get-involved\/digital-shareables)\n\n[Science Education Use these free digital, outreach materials in your community and on social media to spread the word about mental health.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/get-involved\/science-education)\n\n[Research Funded by NIMH NIMH supports research at universities, medical centers, and other institutions via grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements. Learn more about NIMH research areas, policies, resources, and initiatives.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/research\/research-funded-by-nimh)\n\n[Research Conducted at NIMH (Intramural Research Program) The Division of Intramural Research Programs (IRP) is the internal research division of the NIMH. Over 40 research groups conduct basic neuroscience research and clinical investigations of mental illnesses, brain function, and behavior at the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland. Learn more about research conducted at NIMH.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/research\/research-conducted-at-nimh)\n\n[Priority Research Areas Learn about NIMH priority areas for research and funding that have the potential to improve mental health care over the short, medium, and long term.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/research\/priority-research-areas)\n\n[Resources for Researchers Information about resources such as data, tissue, model organisms and imaging resources to support the NIMH research community.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/research\/research-funded-by-nimh\/research-resources)\n\n[Opportunities & Announcements Find all NIMH and cross-NIH funding opportunities.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/funding\/opportunities-announcements)\n\n[Funding Strategy for Grants Read more about the NIMH Strategic Plan for Research, Strategic Research Priorities, the anatomy of NIMH funding, and our yearly funding strategy for research grants.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/funding\/funding-strategy-for-research-grants)\n\n[Application Process Explore the NIMH grant application process, including how to write your grant, how to submit your grant, and how the review process works.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/funding\/grant-writing-and-application-process)\n\n[Managing Grants Learn about how NIMH manages research grants, including policies and reporting requirements.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/funding\/managing-your-grant)\n\n[Clinical Research Find the latest NIH and NIMH policies, guidance, and resources for clinical research.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/funding\/clinical-research)\n\n[Training Explore NIMH research training and career development opportunities.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/funding\/training)\n\n[Small Business Research Learn about funding opportunities for small businesses.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/funding\/sbir)\n\n### Quick Links\n[Funding & Grant News](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/funding\/opportunities-announcements\/funding-grant-news)\n\n[Support for Clinical Trials at NIMH](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/funding\/opportunities-announcements\/clinical-trials-foas)\n\n[Science Updates List of NIMH science updates including press releases, research highlights, and institute announcements.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/news\/science-updates)\n\n[Meetings and Events Details about upcoming events—including meetings, conferences, workshops, lectures, webinars, and chats—sponsored by NIMH.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/news\/events)\n\n[Multimedia NIMH videos and podcasts featuring science news, lecture series, meetings, seminars, and special events.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/news\/media)\n\n[Innovation Speaker Series An annual lecture series dedicated to innovation, invention, and scientific discovery.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/news\/innovation-speaker-series)\n\n[About the Acting NIMH Director Learn more about the Acting Director of the NIMH, Shelli Avenevoli, Ph.D.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/director)\n\n[Advisory Boards and Groups Read about the boards and groups that advise and provide guidance to the Institute.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/advisory-boards-and-groups)\n\n[Strategic Plan Learn more about NIMH's roadmap for the Institute’s research priorities over the next five years.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/strategic-planning-reports)\n\n[Offices and Divisions Learn more about the functions of each NIMH office and division.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/organization)\n\n[Budget Read the annual NIMH Congressional Justifications.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/budget)\n\n[Careers at NIMH Search for jobs, including scientific, administrative and executive careers at NIMH.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/careers)\n\n[Staff Directories Find the names, telephone numbers, email addresses, and office locations of NIMH staff.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/staff-directories)\n\n[History Explore key milestones, discoveries, and the impact of NIMH-funded studies on mental health.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/nimh-history)\n\n[Getting to NIMH Find directions, maps, parking information, and other visitor information for NIMH.](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/connect-with-nimh)\n\n### Quick Links\n**[Contribute to Mental Health Research](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/connect-with-nimh\/donate-to-mental-health-research \"Donate to Mental Health Research\")**\n\n- [Mental Health Information](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health)\n  - 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[News & Events Home](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/news)\n  - [Science Updates](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/news\/science-updates)\n  - [Meetings and Events](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/news\/events)\n  - [Multimedia](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/news\/media)\n  - [Social Media](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/news\/social-media)\n  - [Email Updates](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/news\/email-updates)\n  - [Innovation Speaker Series](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/news\/innovation-speaker-series)\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about)\n  - [About Us Home](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about)\n  - [About the Acting NIMH Director](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/director)\n  - [Advisory Boards and Groups](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/advisory-boards-and-groups)\n  - [Strategic Plan](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/strategic-planning-reports)\n  - [Offices and Divisions](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/organization)\n  - [Budget](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/budget)\n  - [Careers at NIMH](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/careers)\n  - [Staff Directories](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/staff-directories)\n  - [History](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/nimh-history)\n  - [Getting to NIMH](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/about\/connect-with-nimh)\n\n- [Health Topics](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics)\n- [Brochures and Fact Sheets](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications)\n- [Help for Mental Illnesses](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/find-help)\n- [Clinical Trials](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/trials)\n\n[Home](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/) \\> [Mental Health Information](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health) \\> [Brochures and Fact Sheets](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications) \\> Generalized Anxiety Disorder: What You Need to Know\n\n###### Share Page\nMenu\n\n- [What is generalized anxiety disorder?](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_6113)\n- [What are the signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_6115)\n- [What causes generalized anxiety disorder?](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_6117)\n- [How is generalized anxiety disorder diagnosed?](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_6119)\n- [What other illnesses can co-occur with generalized anxiety disorder?](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_6121)\n- [How is generalized anxiety disorder treated?](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_10291)\n- [How can I support myself or a loved one with generalized anxiety disorder?](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_10292)\n- [How can I find help?](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_12083)\n- [What are clinical trials and why are they important?](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_12101)\n- [For more information](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_6123)\n- [Reprints](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_11021)\n\n# Generalized Anxiety Disorder: What You Need to Know\n- [En español](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/espanol\/trastorno-de-ansiedad-generalizada-cuando-no-se-pueden-controlar-las-preocupaciones-new)\n\n## What is generalized anxiety disorder?\nOccasional anxiety is a normal part of life. Many people worry about things such as health, money, school, work, or family. But people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) feel extremely worried or nervous more frequently or more intensely about these and other things—even when the worry is out of proportion with the situation.\n\nGAD usually involves a persistent feeling of anxiety or dread that interferes with how you live your life. It is not the same as occasionally worrying about things or experiencing anxiety due to stressful life events. For people with GAD, these feelings of anxiety can last for months or even years.\n\nGAD develops gradually and usually starts in early adulthood, although it can occur at any age. Women are more likely than men to experience GAD, with some women experiencing it during pregnancy and the postpartum period. With the right treatment and support, people with GAD can manage their anxiety and improve their quality of life.\n\n## What are the signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?\nPeople with GAD may:\n\n- Worry excessively about everyday things\n- Have trouble controlling their worries or feelings of nervousness\n- Feel irritable or “on edge” frequently\n- Feel restless or have trouble relaxing\n- Have a hard time concentrating\n- Have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, or feel fatigued\n- Experience pain such as headaches, muscle aches, stomachaches, or tension\n- Tremble or twitch\n- Sweat a lot, feel lightheaded, or feel out of breath\n- Have a hard time swallowing\n- Make frequent trips to the bathroom\n\nAdults with GAD are often highly nervous about everyday circumstances, such as:\n\n- Job security or performance\n- Health\n- Finances\n- The health and well-being of their children or other family members\n- Being late\n- Completing household chores and other responsibilities\n\nChildren and teens with GAD may worry about many of the same things as adults, but their concerns often center on school, extracurricular activities, friendships, and the future. They may struggle with uncertainty, fear of making mistakes, or worry about disappointing others. Children and teens with GAD may strive for perfection as a way to manage their anxiety.\n\nFor all people with GAD, symptoms may fluctuate over time and are often worse during times of stress—for example, during a physical illness, school exams, or a family or relationship conflict.\n\n### Is it normal stress or an anxiety disorder?\nLife can be stressful—a person may feel stressed about a demanding job, a performance at school, or a life change. Everyone feels stress from time to time.\n\nStress is the physical or mental response to an external cause, such as having a lot of homework or having an illness. A stressor may be a one-time or short-term occurrence, or it can happen repeatedly over a long time.\n\nAnxiety is the body's reaction to stress and can occur even if there is no current threat.\n\nWhile occasional stress and anxiety are normal, they shouldn’t control your life. If anxiety doesn’t go away and begins to interfere with your daily activities, you may have an anxiety disorder. Learn more about [stress](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/stress-listing).\n## What causes generalized anxiety disorder?\nGAD may run in families, but the exact cause of the disorder is unknown. Research suggests that GAD results from a mix of genetics, brain chemistry, biology, and environment. Researchers have found that external causes, such as experiencing a traumatic event or being in a stressful environment, may put a person at higher risk for developing GAD.\n\n## How is generalized anxiety disorder diagnosed?\nTo be diagnosed with GAD, a person must find it difficult to control worry on most days for at least 6 months. They must also have at least three of these symptoms: feeling restless or “on edge,” fatigue, trouble concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, or problems with sleep.\n\nIf you think you’re experiencing symptoms of GAD, talk to a health care provider, such as a primary care doctor, psychiatrist, psychologist, or clinical social worker. During the visit, the provider may ask when your symptoms began, how long they have lasted, how often they occur, and their impact on your life. After discussing your history, the provider may conduct a physical exam to ensure that an unrelated physical problem is not causing your symptoms.\n\n## What other illnesses can co-occur with generalized anxiety disorder?\nSome people with GAD have other mental and physical health disorders or conditions, including depression, other anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain syndromes, cardiovascular problems, or suicidal thoughts or behaviors. GAD is also commonly associated with alcohol and substance misuse.\n\nThe presence of multiple disorders can make treatment more complex, and people with GAD and co-occurring mental disorders may benefit from a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses all aspects of their mental health.\n\nIf you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/)  at **988** or chat at [988lifeline.org](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/) . In life-threatening situations, call 911.\n\n## How is generalized anxiety disorder treated?\nGAD treatment typically involves psychotherapy, medication, or both. Choosing the right treatment plan is based on a person’s needs, preferences, and medical situation, as well as consultation with a mental health professional or a health care provider. Finding the best treatment may take trial and error, and psychotherapy and medication can take some time to work.\n\n### Psychotherapy\nPsychotherapy (also called talk therapy or counseling) can be effective when delivered in person or virtually via telehealth. A provider may support or supplement therapy using digital or mobile technology, like apps or other tools. Different therapies work for different types of people.\n\nCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a research-supported type of psychotherapy, is commonly used to treat GAD. CBT helps people become aware of automatic ways of thinking that are inaccurate or harmful and then question those thoughts, understand how the thoughts affect their emotions and behavior, and change self-defeating behavior patterns to feel less anxious and worried. CBT has been well studied and is the “gold standard” choice for psychotherapy.\n\nAnother treatment option for GAD is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). ACT takes a different approach than CBT, encouraging nonjudgmental acceptance of thoughts and behaviors and promoting engagement in meaningful activities. ACT uses strategies such as mindfulness and goal setting to reduce a person’s discomfort and anxiety. There is a growing body of research demonstrating its effectiveness for treating GAD.\n\nLearn more about [psychotherapy](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/psychotherapies).\n\n### Medication\nHealth care providers may prescribe medication to treat GAD. Different types of medication can be effective, including:\n\n- Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)\n- Anti-anxiety medications, such as benzodiazepines and buspirone\n\nSSRI and SNRI antidepressants are commonly used to treat depression, but they also can help treat the symptoms of GAD. They may take several weeks to start working. These medications also may cause side effects, such as headaches, nausea, or difficulty sleeping. These side effects are usually not severe for most people, especially if the dose starts low and is increased slowly over time.\n\nBenzodiazepines, which are anti-anxiety sedative medications, also can be used to manage severe forms of GAD. These medications can be very effective in rapidly decreasing anxiety, but some people build up a tolerance to them and need increasing doses to get the same effect. Some people even become dependent on them. Therefore, a health care provider may prescribe them only for brief periods of time.\n\nBuspirone is another anti-anxiety medication that can be helpful in treating GAD. Unlike benzodiazepines, buspirone is not a sedative and has less potential to be addictive. Buspirone needs to be taken for 3–4 weeks for it to be fully effective.\n\nLearn more about [mental health medications](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/mental-health-medications). Read the most up-to-date information on medications, side effects, and warnings on the [U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website](https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/daf\/index.cfm) .\n\n### Support groups\nSome people with anxiety disorders benefit from joining a self-help or support group and sharing their problems and achievements with others. Support groups are available both in person and online. However, any advice you receive from a support group member should be used cautiously and does not replace treatment recommendations from a health care provider.\n\n### Healthy habits\nPracticing a healthy lifestyle also can help combat anxiety, although this alone cannot replace treatment. Researchers have found that implementing certain healthy choices in daily life—such as reducing caffeine intake and getting enough sleep—can reduce anxiety symptoms when paired with standard care—such as psychotherapy and medication.\n\nStress management techniques, such as exercise, mindfulness, and meditation, also can reduce anxiety symptoms and enhance the effects of psychotherapy. You can learn more about how these techniques benefit your treatment by talking with a health care provider.\n\nLearn more ways to [take care of your mental health](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/caring-for-your-mental-health).\n\n## How can I support myself or a loved one with generalized anxiety disorder?\n### Educate yourself\nA good way to help yourself or a loved one who may be struggling with GAD is to seek information. Research the signs and symptoms, learn about treatment options, and keep up to date with current research.\n\n### Communicate\nIf you are experiencing GAD symptoms, have an honest conversation about how you’re feeling with someone you trust. If you think a friend or family member may be struggling with GAD, set aside a time to talk with them to express your concern and reassure them of your support.\n\n### Know when to seek help\nIf your anxiety, or the anxiety of a loved one, starts to cause problems in everyday life—such as at school, at work, or with friends and family—it’s time to seek professional help.\n\n### Practice compassion\nBe kind and patient with yourself and others. Acknowledge progress, no matter how small, and recognize that managing GAD may involve setbacks along the way.\n\n## How can I find help?\nIf you have concerns about your mental health, talk to a primary care provider. They can refer you to a qualified mental health professional, such as a psychologist, psychiatrist, or clinical social worker, who can help you figure out the next steps. Find [tips for talking with a health care provider](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/tips-for-talking-with-your-health-care-provider) about your mental health.\n\nYou can [learn more about getting help](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/find-help) on the NIMH website. You can also learn about [finding support](https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/find-support)  and [locating mental health services](https:\/\/findtreatment.gov\/)  in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) website.\n\n## What are clinical trials and why are they important?\nClinical trials are research studies that look at ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. These studies help show whether a treatment is safe and effective in people. Some people join clinical trials to help doctors and researchers learn more about a disease and improve health care. Other people, such as those with health conditions, join to try treatments that aren’t widely available.\n\nNIMH supports clinical trials across the United States. Talk to a health care provider about clinical trials and whether one is right for you. Learn more about [participating in clinical trials](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/trials).\n\n## For more information\nLearn more about [mental health disorders and topics](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health). For information about various health topics, visit the [National Library of Medicine’s MedlinePlus](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/)  resource.\n\n## Reprints\nThe information in this publication is in the public domain and may be reused or copied without permission. However, you may not reuse or copy images. Please [cite the National Institute of Mental Health](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/site-info\/citing-nimh-publications-and-webpages \"Citing NIMH Publications and Webpages\") as the source. [Read our copyright policy](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/site-info\/policies#part_2718 \"Website Policies\") to learn more about our guidelines for reusing NIMH content.\n\nU.S. Department of Health and Human Services  \nNational Institutes of Health  \nRevised 2025\n\n## Disclaimer\nWe link to external websites for informational purposes only, but we do not endorse or guarantee their accuracy. Once you leave our site, you will be subject to the new website’s privacy policy. Read NIMH’s [full external linking policy](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/site-info\/policies#part_2717) for more information.\n\n##### NIMH Resources\n[Health Topics](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics)   \n[Brochures and Fact Sheets](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications)   \n[Contact Us](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/site-info\/contact-nimh)   \n[Información en español](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/espanol)\n\n##### Policies and Notices\n[Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/site-info\/privacy-policy)   \n[Website Policies](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/site-info\/policies)   \n[FOIA](http:\/\/www.nih.gov\/icd\/od\/foia\/index.htm)    \n[Accessibility](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/site-info\/accessibility)   \n[HHS Vulnerability Disclosure](https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/vulnerability-disclosure-policy\/index.html)\n\n##### Federal Resources\n[National Institutes of Health (NIH)](http:\/\/www.nih.gov\/)    \n[NIH Virtual Tour](https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/virtual-tour\/)    \n[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services](https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/)    \n[USA.gov](http:\/\/www.usa.gov\/)\n\nThe National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is part of NIH, a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.\n\n[Top](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#skipnav)","attrs_readable_markdown":"- [En español](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/espanol\/trastorno-de-ansiedad-generalizada-cuando-no-se-pueden-controlar-las-preocupaciones-new)\n\n## What is generalized anxiety disorder?\nOccasional anxiety is a normal part of life. Many people worry about things such as health, money, school, work, or family. But people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) feel extremely worried or nervous more frequently or more intensely about these and other things—even when the worry is out of proportion with the situation.\n\nGAD usually involves a persistent feeling of anxiety or dread that interferes with how you live your life. It is not the same as occasionally worrying about things or experiencing anxiety due to stressful life events. For people with GAD, these feelings of anxiety can last for months or even years.\n\nGAD develops gradually and usually starts in early adulthood, although it can occur at any age. Women are more likely than men to experience GAD, with some women experiencing it during pregnancy and the postpartum period. With the right treatment and support, people with GAD can manage their anxiety and improve their quality of life.\n\n## What are the signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?\nPeople with GAD may:\n\n- Worry excessively about everyday things\n- Have trouble controlling their worries or feelings of nervousness\n- Feel irritable or “on edge” frequently\n- Feel restless or have trouble relaxing\n- Have a hard time concentrating\n- Have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, or feel fatigued\n- Experience pain such as headaches, muscle aches, stomachaches, or tension\n- Tremble or twitch\n- Sweat a lot, feel lightheaded, or feel out of breath\n- Have a hard time swallowing\n- Make frequent trips to the bathroom\n\nAdults with GAD are often highly nervous about everyday circumstances, such as:\n\n- Job security or performance\n- Health\n- Finances\n- The health and well-being of their children or other family members\n- Being late\n- Completing household chores and other responsibilities\n\nChildren and teens with GAD may worry about many of the same things as adults, but their concerns often center on school, extracurricular activities, friendships, and the future. They may struggle with uncertainty, fear of making mistakes, or worry about disappointing others. Children and teens with GAD may strive for perfection as a way to manage their anxiety.\n\nFor all people with GAD, symptoms may fluctuate over time and are often worse during times of stress—for example, during a physical illness, school exams, or a family or relationship conflict.\n\n### Is it normal stress or an anxiety disorder?\nLife can be stressful—a person may feel stressed about a demanding job, a performance at school, or a life change. Everyone feels stress from time to time.\n\nStress is the physical or mental response to an external cause, such as having a lot of homework or having an illness. A stressor may be a one-time or short-term occurrence, or it can happen repeatedly over a long time.\n\nAnxiety is the body's reaction to stress and can occur even if there is no current threat.\n\nWhile occasional stress and anxiety are normal, they shouldn’t control your life. If anxiety doesn’t go away and begins to interfere with your daily activities, you may have an anxiety disorder. Learn more about [stress](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/stress-listing).\n## What causes generalized anxiety disorder?\nGAD may run in families, but the exact cause of the disorder is unknown. Research suggests that GAD results from a mix of genetics, brain chemistry, biology, and environment. Researchers have found that external causes, such as experiencing a traumatic event or being in a stressful environment, may put a person at higher risk for developing GAD.\n\n## How is generalized anxiety disorder diagnosed?\nTo be diagnosed with GAD, a person must find it difficult to control worry on most days for at least 6 months. They must also have at least three of these symptoms: feeling restless or “on edge,” fatigue, trouble concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, or problems with sleep.\n\nIf you think you’re experiencing symptoms of GAD, talk to a health care provider, such as a primary care doctor, psychiatrist, psychologist, or clinical social worker. During the visit, the provider may ask when your symptoms began, how long they have lasted, how often they occur, and their impact on your life. After discussing your history, the provider may conduct a physical exam to ensure that an unrelated physical problem is not causing your symptoms.\n\n## What other illnesses can co-occur with generalized anxiety disorder?\nSome people with GAD have other mental and physical health disorders or conditions, including depression, other anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain syndromes, cardiovascular problems, or suicidal thoughts or behaviors. GAD is also commonly associated with alcohol and substance misuse.\n\nThe presence of multiple disorders can make treatment more complex, and people with GAD and co-occurring mental disorders may benefit from a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses all aspects of their mental health.\n\nIf you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/)  at **988** or chat at [988lifeline.org](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/) . In life-threatening situations, call 911.\n\n## How is generalized anxiety disorder treated?\nGAD treatment typically involves psychotherapy, medication, or both. Choosing the right treatment plan is based on a person’s needs, preferences, and medical situation, as well as consultation with a mental health professional or a health care provider. Finding the best treatment may take trial and error, and psychotherapy and medication can take some time to work.\n\n### Psychotherapy\nPsychotherapy (also called talk therapy or counseling) can be effective when delivered in person or virtually via telehealth. A provider may support or supplement therapy using digital or mobile technology, like apps or other tools. Different therapies work for different types of people.\n\nCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a research-supported type of psychotherapy, is commonly used to treat GAD. CBT helps people become aware of automatic ways of thinking that are inaccurate or harmful and then question those thoughts, understand how the thoughts affect their emotions and behavior, and change self-defeating behavior patterns to feel less anxious and worried. CBT has been well studied and is the “gold standard” choice for psychotherapy.\n\nAnother treatment option for GAD is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). ACT takes a different approach than CBT, encouraging nonjudgmental acceptance of thoughts and behaviors and promoting engagement in meaningful activities. ACT uses strategies such as mindfulness and goal setting to reduce a person’s discomfort and anxiety. There is a growing body of research demonstrating its effectiveness for treating GAD.\n\nLearn more about [psychotherapy](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/psychotherapies).\n\n### Medication\nHealth care providers may prescribe medication to treat GAD. Different types of medication can be effective, including:\n\n- Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)\n- Anti-anxiety medications, such as benzodiazepines and buspirone\n\nSSRI and SNRI antidepressants are commonly used to treat depression, but they also can help treat the symptoms of GAD. They may take several weeks to start working. These medications also may cause side effects, such as headaches, nausea, or difficulty sleeping. These side effects are usually not severe for most people, especially if the dose starts low and is increased slowly over time.\n\nBenzodiazepines, which are anti-anxiety sedative medications, also can be used to manage severe forms of GAD. These medications can be very effective in rapidly decreasing anxiety, but some people build up a tolerance to them and need increasing doses to get the same effect. Some people even become dependent on them. Therefore, a health care provider may prescribe them only for brief periods of time.\n\nBuspirone is another anti-anxiety medication that can be helpful in treating GAD. Unlike benzodiazepines, buspirone is not a sedative and has less potential to be addictive. Buspirone needs to be taken for 3–4 weeks for it to be fully effective.\n\nLearn more about [mental health medications](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/mental-health-medications). Read the most up-to-date information on medications, side effects, and warnings on the [U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website](https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/daf\/index.cfm) .\n\n### Support groups\nSome people with anxiety disorders benefit from joining a self-help or support group and sharing their problems and achievements with others. Support groups are available both in person and online. However, any advice you receive from a support group member should be used cautiously and does not replace treatment recommendations from a health care provider.\n\n### Healthy habits\nPracticing a healthy lifestyle also can help combat anxiety, although this alone cannot replace treatment. Researchers have found that implementing certain healthy choices in daily life—such as reducing caffeine intake and getting enough sleep—can reduce anxiety symptoms when paired with standard care—such as psychotherapy and medication.\n\nStress management techniques, such as exercise, mindfulness, and meditation, also can reduce anxiety symptoms and enhance the effects of psychotherapy. You can learn more about how these techniques benefit your treatment by talking with a health care provider.\n\nLearn more ways to [take care of your mental health](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/caring-for-your-mental-health).\n\n## How can I support myself or a loved one with generalized anxiety disorder?\n### Educate yourself\nA good way to help yourself or a loved one who may be struggling with GAD is to seek information. Research the signs and symptoms, learn about treatment options, and keep up to date with current research.\n\n### Communicate\nIf you are experiencing GAD symptoms, have an honest conversation about how you’re feeling with someone you trust. If you think a friend or family member may be struggling with GAD, set aside a time to talk with them to express your concern and reassure them of your support.\n\n### Know when to seek help\nIf your anxiety, or the anxiety of a loved one, starts to cause problems in everyday life—such as at school, at work, or with friends and family—it’s time to seek professional help.\n\n### Practice compassion\nBe kind and patient with yourself and others. Acknowledge progress, no matter how small, and recognize that managing GAD may involve setbacks along the way.\n\n## How can I find help?\nIf you have concerns about your mental health, talk to a primary care provider. They can refer you to a qualified mental health professional, such as a psychologist, psychiatrist, or clinical social worker, who can help you figure out the next steps. Find [tips for talking with a health care provider](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/tips-for-talking-with-your-health-care-provider) about your mental health.\n\nYou can [learn more about getting help](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/find-help) on the NIMH website. You can also learn about [finding support](https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/find-support)  and [locating mental health services](https:\/\/findtreatment.gov\/)  in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) website.\n\n## What are clinical trials and why are they important?\nClinical trials are research studies that look at ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. These studies help show whether a treatment is safe and effective in people. Some people join clinical trials to help doctors and researchers learn more about a disease and improve health care. Other people, such as those with health conditions, join to try treatments that aren’t widely available.\n\nNIMH supports clinical trials across the United States. Talk to a health care provider about clinical trials and whether one is right for you. Learn more about [participating in clinical trials](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/trials).\n\n## For more information\nLearn more about [mental health disorders and topics](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health). For information about various health topics, visit the [National Library of Medicine’s MedlinePlus](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/)  resource.\n\n## Reprints\nThe information in this publication is in the public domain and may be reused or copied without permission. However, you may not reuse or copy images. Please [cite the National Institute of Mental Health](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/site-info\/citing-nimh-publications-and-webpages \"Citing NIMH Publications and Webpages\") as the source. [Read our copyright policy](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/site-info\/policies#part_2718 \"Website Policies\") to learn more about our guidelines for reusing NIMH content.\n\nU.S. Department of Health and Human Services  \nNational Institutes of Health  \nRevised 2025","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad
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Meta Title	Generalized Anxiety Disorder: What You Need to Know - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Meta Description	Information about generalized anxiety disorder including common signs and symptoms, treatment options, and how to find help.
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Boilerpipe Text	En español What is generalized anxiety disorder? Occasional anxiety is a normal part of life. Many people worry about things such as health, money, school, work, or family. But people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) feel extremely worried or nervous more frequently or more intensely about these and other things—even when the worry is out of proportion with the situation. GAD usually involves a persistent feeling of anxiety or dread that interferes with how you live your life. It is not the same as occasionally worrying about things or experiencing anxiety due to stressful life events. For people with GAD, these feelings of anxiety can last for months or even years. GAD develops gradually and usually starts in early adulthood, although it can occur at any age. Women are more likely than men to experience GAD, with some women experiencing it during pregnancy and the postpartum period. With the right treatment and support, people with GAD can manage their anxiety and improve their quality of life. What are the signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder? People with GAD may: Worry excessively about everyday things Have trouble controlling their worries or feelings of nervousness Feel irritable or “on edge” frequently Feel restless or have trouble relaxing Have a hard time concentrating Have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, or feel fatigued Experience pain such as headaches, muscle aches, stomachaches, or tension Tremble or twitch Sweat a lot, feel lightheaded, or feel out of breath Have a hard time swallowing Make frequent trips to the bathroom Adults with GAD are often highly nervous about everyday circumstances, such as: Job security or performance Health Finances The health and well-being of their children or other family members Being late Completing household chores and other responsibilities Children and teens with GAD may worry about many of the same things as adults, but their concerns often center on school, extracurricular activities, friendships, and the future. They may struggle with uncertainty, fear of making mistakes, or worry about disappointing others. Children and teens with GAD may strive for perfection as a way to manage their anxiety. For all people with GAD, symptoms may fluctuate over time and are often worse during times of stress—for example, during a physical illness, school exams, or a family or relationship conflict. Is it normal stress or an anxiety disorder? Life can be stressful—a person may feel stressed about a demanding job, a performance at school, or a life change. Everyone feels stress from time to time. Stress is the physical or mental response to an external cause, such as having a lot of homework or having an illness. A stressor may be a one-time or short-term occurrence, or it can happen repeatedly over a long time. Anxiety is the body's reaction to stress and can occur even if there is no current threat. While occasional stress and anxiety are normal, they shouldn’t control your life. If anxiety doesn’t go away and begins to interfere with your daily activities, you may have an anxiety disorder. Learn more about stress . What causes generalized anxiety disorder? GAD may run in families, but the exact cause of the disorder is unknown. Research suggests that GAD results from a mix of genetics, brain chemistry, biology, and environment. Researchers have found that external causes, such as experiencing a traumatic event or being in a stressful environment, may put a person at higher risk for developing GAD. How is generalized anxiety disorder diagnosed? To be diagnosed with GAD, a person must find it difficult to control worry on most days for at least 6 months. They must also have at least three of these symptoms: feeling restless or “on edge,” fatigue, trouble concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, or problems with sleep. If you think you’re experiencing symptoms of GAD, talk to a health care provider, such as a primary care doctor, psychiatrist, psychologist, or clinical social worker. During the visit, the provider may ask when your symptoms began, how long they have lasted, how often they occur, and their impact on your life. After discussing your history, the provider may conduct a physical exam to ensure that an unrelated physical problem is not causing your symptoms. What other illnesses can co-occur with generalized anxiety disorder? Some people with GAD have other mental and physical health disorders or conditions, including depression, other anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain syndromes, cardiovascular problems, or suicidal thoughts or behaviors. GAD is also commonly associated with alcohol and substance misuse. The presence of multiple disorders can make treatment more complex, and people with GAD and co-occurring mental disorders may benefit from a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses all aspects of their mental health. If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911. How is generalized anxiety disorder treated? GAD treatment typically involves psychotherapy, medication, or both. Choosing the right treatment plan is based on a person’s needs, preferences, and medical situation, as well as consultation with a mental health professional or a health care provider. Finding the best treatment may take trial and error, and psychotherapy and medication can take some time to work. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy (also called talk therapy or counseling) can be effective when delivered in person or virtually via telehealth. A provider may support or supplement therapy using digital or mobile technology, like apps or other tools. Different therapies work for different types of people. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a research-supported type of psychotherapy, is commonly used to treat GAD. CBT helps people become aware of automatic ways of thinking that are inaccurate or harmful and then question those thoughts, understand how the thoughts affect their emotions and behavior, and change self-defeating behavior patterns to feel less anxious and worried. CBT has been well studied and is the “gold standard” choice for psychotherapy. Another treatment option for GAD is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). ACT takes a different approach than CBT, encouraging nonjudgmental acceptance of thoughts and behaviors and promoting engagement in meaningful activities. ACT uses strategies such as mindfulness and goal setting to reduce a person’s discomfort and anxiety. There is a growing body of research demonstrating its effectiveness for treating GAD. Learn more about psychotherapy . Medication Health care providers may prescribe medication to treat GAD. Different types of medication can be effective, including: Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) Anti-anxiety medications, such as benzodiazepines and buspirone SSRI and SNRI antidepressants are commonly used to treat depression, but they also can help treat the symptoms of GAD. They may take several weeks to start working. These medications also may cause side effects, such as headaches, nausea, or difficulty sleeping. These side effects are usually not severe for most people, especially if the dose starts low and is increased slowly over time. Benzodiazepines, which are anti-anxiety sedative medications, also can be used to manage severe forms of GAD. These medications can be very effective in rapidly decreasing anxiety, but some people build up a tolerance to them and need increasing doses to get the same effect. Some people even become dependent on them. Therefore, a health care provider may prescribe them only for brief periods of time. Buspirone is another anti-anxiety medication that can be helpful in treating GAD. Unlike benzodiazepines, buspirone is not a sedative and has less potential to be addictive. Buspirone needs to be taken for 3–4 weeks for it to be fully effective. Learn more about mental health medications . Read the most up-to-date information on medications, side effects, and warnings on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website . Support groups Some people with anxiety disorders benefit from joining a self-help or support group and sharing their problems and achievements with others. Support groups are available both in person and online. However, any advice you receive from a support group member should be used cautiously and does not replace treatment recommendations from a health care provider. Healthy habits Practicing a healthy lifestyle also can help combat anxiety, although this alone cannot replace treatment. Researchers have found that implementing certain healthy choices in daily life—such as reducing caffeine intake and getting enough sleep—can reduce anxiety symptoms when paired with standard care—such as psychotherapy and medication. Stress management techniques, such as exercise, mindfulness, and meditation, also can reduce anxiety symptoms and enhance the effects of psychotherapy. You can learn more about how these techniques benefit your treatment by talking with a health care provider. Learn more ways to take care of your mental health . How can I support myself or a loved one with generalized anxiety disorder? Educate yourself A good way to help yourself or a loved one who may be struggling with GAD is to seek information. Research the signs and symptoms, learn about treatment options, and keep up to date with current research. Communicate If you are experiencing GAD symptoms, have an honest conversation about how you’re feeling with someone you trust. If you think a friend or family member may be struggling with GAD, set aside a time to talk with them to express your concern and reassure them of your support. Know when to seek help If your anxiety, or the anxiety of a loved one, starts to cause problems in everyday life—such as at school, at work, or with friends and family—it’s time to seek professional help. Practice compassion Be kind and patient with yourself and others. Acknowledge progress, no matter how small, and recognize that managing GAD may involve setbacks along the way. How can I find help? If you have concerns about your mental health, talk to a primary care provider. They can refer you to a qualified mental health professional, such as a psychologist, psychiatrist, or clinical social worker, who can help you figure out the next steps. Find  tips for talking with a health care provider about your mental health. You can learn more about getting help  on the NIMH website. You can also learn about finding support and locating mental health services in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) website. What are clinical trials and why are they important? Clinical trials are research studies that look at ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. These studies help show whether a treatment is safe and effective in people. Some people join clinical trials to help doctors and researchers learn more about a disease and improve health care. Other people, such as those with health conditions, join to try treatments that aren’t widely available. NIMH supports clinical trials across the United States. Talk to a health care provider about clinical trials and whether one is right for you. Learn more about participating in clinical trials . For more information Learn more about mental health disorders and topics . For information about various health topics, visit the National Library of Medicine’s MedlinePlus resource. Reprints The information in this publication is in the public domain and may be reused or copied without permission. However, you may not reuse or copy images. Please cite the National Institute of Mental Health as the source. Read our copyright policy to learn more about our guidelines for reusing NIMH content. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health Revised 2025
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[How is generalized anxiety disorder diagnosed?](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_6119) - [What other illnesses can co-occur with generalized anxiety disorder?](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_6121) - [How is generalized anxiety disorder treated?](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_10291) - [How can I support myself or a loved one with generalized anxiety disorder?](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_10292) - [How can I find help?](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_12083) - [What are clinical trials and why are they important?](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_12101) - [For more information](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_6123) - [Reprints](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#part_11021) # Generalized Anxiety Disorder: What You Need to Know - [En español](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-de-ansiedad-generalizada-cuando-no-se-pueden-controlar-las-preocupaciones-new) ## What is generalized anxiety disorder? Occasional anxiety is a normal part of life. Many people worry about things such as health, money, school, work, or family. But people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) feel extremely worried or nervous more frequently or more intensely about these and other things—even when the worry is out of proportion with the situation. GAD usually involves a persistent feeling of anxiety or dread that interferes with how you live your life. It is not the same as occasionally worrying about things or experiencing anxiety due to stressful life events. For people with GAD, these feelings of anxiety can last for months or even years. GAD develops gradually and usually starts in early adulthood, although it can occur at any age. Women are more likely than men to experience GAD, with some women experiencing it during pregnancy and the postpartum period. With the right treatment and support, people with GAD can manage their anxiety and improve their quality of life. ## What are the signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder? People with GAD may: - Worry excessively about everyday things - Have trouble controlling their worries or feelings of nervousness - Feel irritable or “on edge” frequently - Feel restless or have trouble relaxing - Have a hard time concentrating - Have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, or feel fatigued - Experience pain such as headaches, muscle aches, stomachaches, or tension - Tremble or twitch - Sweat a lot, feel lightheaded, or feel out of breath - Have a hard time swallowing - Make frequent trips to the bathroom Adults with GAD are often highly nervous about everyday circumstances, such as: - Job security or performance - Health - Finances - The health and well-being of their children or other family members - Being late - Completing household chores and other responsibilities Children and teens with GAD may worry about many of the same things as adults, but their concerns often center on school, extracurricular activities, friendships, and the future. They may struggle with uncertainty, fear of making mistakes, or worry about disappointing others. Children and teens with GAD may strive for perfection as a way to manage their anxiety. For all people with GAD, symptoms may fluctuate over time and are often worse during times of stress—for example, during a physical illness, school exams, or a family or relationship conflict. ### Is it normal stress or an anxiety disorder? Life can be stressful—a person may feel stressed about a demanding job, a performance at school, or a life change. Everyone feels stress from time to time. Stress is the physical or mental response to an external cause, such as having a lot of homework or having an illness. A stressor may be a one-time or short-term occurrence, or it can happen repeatedly over a long time. Anxiety is the body's reaction to stress and can occur even if there is no current threat. While occasional stress and anxiety are normal, they shouldn’t control your life. If anxiety doesn’t go away and begins to interfere with your daily activities, you may have an anxiety disorder. Learn more about [stress](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stress-listing). ## What causes generalized anxiety disorder? GAD may run in families, but the exact cause of the disorder is unknown. Research suggests that GAD results from a mix of genetics, brain chemistry, biology, and environment. Researchers have found that external causes, such as experiencing a traumatic event or being in a stressful environment, may put a person at higher risk for developing GAD. ## How is generalized anxiety disorder diagnosed? To be diagnosed with GAD, a person must find it difficult to control worry on most days for at least 6 months. They must also have at least three of these symptoms: feeling restless or “on edge,” fatigue, trouble concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, or problems with sleep. If you think you’re experiencing symptoms of GAD, talk to a health care provider, such as a primary care doctor, psychiatrist, psychologist, or clinical social worker. During the visit, the provider may ask when your symptoms began, how long they have lasted, how often they occur, and their impact on your life. After discussing your history, the provider may conduct a physical exam to ensure that an unrelated physical problem is not causing your symptoms. ## What other illnesses can co-occur with generalized anxiety disorder? Some people with GAD have other mental and physical health disorders or conditions, including depression, other anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain syndromes, cardiovascular problems, or suicidal thoughts or behaviors. GAD is also commonly associated with alcohol and substance misuse. The presence of multiple disorders can make treatment more complex, and people with GAD and co-occurring mental disorders may benefit from a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses all aspects of their mental health. If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https://988lifeline.org/) at 988 or chat at [988lifeline.org](https://988lifeline.org/) . In life-threatening situations, call 911. ## How is generalized anxiety disorder treated? GAD treatment typically involves psychotherapy, medication, or both. Choosing the right treatment plan is based on a person’s needs, preferences, and medical situation, as well as consultation with a mental health professional or a health care provider. Finding the best treatment may take trial and error, and psychotherapy and medication can take some time to work. ### Psychotherapy Psychotherapy (also called talk therapy or counseling) can be effective when delivered in person or virtually via telehealth. A provider may support or supplement therapy using digital or mobile technology, like apps or other tools. Different therapies work for different types of people. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a research-supported type of psychotherapy, is commonly used to treat GAD. CBT helps people become aware of automatic ways of thinking that are inaccurate or harmful and then question those thoughts, understand how the thoughts affect their emotions and behavior, and change self-defeating behavior patterns to feel less anxious and worried. CBT has been well studied and is the “gold standard” choice for psychotherapy. Another treatment option for GAD is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). ACT takes a different approach than CBT, encouraging nonjudgmental acceptance of thoughts and behaviors and promoting engagement in meaningful activities. ACT uses strategies such as mindfulness and goal setting to reduce a person’s discomfort and anxiety. There is a growing body of research demonstrating its effectiveness for treating GAD. Learn more about [psychotherapy](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies). ### Medication Health care providers may prescribe medication to treat GAD. Different types of medication can be effective, including: - Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) - Anti-anxiety medications, such as benzodiazepines and buspirone SSRI and SNRI antidepressants are commonly used to treat depression, but they also can help treat the symptoms of GAD. They may take several weeks to start working. These medications also may cause side effects, such as headaches, nausea, or difficulty sleeping. These side effects are usually not severe for most people, especially if the dose starts low and is increased slowly over time. Benzodiazepines, which are anti-anxiety sedative medications, also can be used to manage severe forms of GAD. These medications can be very effective in rapidly decreasing anxiety, but some people build up a tolerance to them and need increasing doses to get the same effect. Some people even become dependent on them. Therefore, a health care provider may prescribe them only for brief periods of time. Buspirone is another anti-anxiety medication that can be helpful in treating GAD. Unlike benzodiazepines, buspirone is not a sedative and has less potential to be addictive. Buspirone needs to be taken for 3–4 weeks for it to be fully effective. Learn more about [mental health medications](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications). Read the most up-to-date information on medications, side effects, and warnings on the [U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website](https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm) . ### Support groups Some people with anxiety disorders benefit from joining a self-help or support group and sharing their problems and achievements with others. Support groups are available both in person and online. However, any advice you receive from a support group member should be used cautiously and does not replace treatment recommendations from a health care provider. ### Healthy habits Practicing a healthy lifestyle also can help combat anxiety, although this alone cannot replace treatment. Researchers have found that implementing certain healthy choices in daily life—such as reducing caffeine intake and getting enough sleep—can reduce anxiety symptoms when paired with standard care—such as psychotherapy and medication. Stress management techniques, such as exercise, mindfulness, and meditation, also can reduce anxiety symptoms and enhance the effects of psychotherapy. You can learn more about how these techniques benefit your treatment by talking with a health care provider. Learn more ways to [take care of your mental health](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/caring-for-your-mental-health). ## How can I support myself or a loved one with generalized anxiety disorder? ### Educate yourself A good way to help yourself or a loved one who may be struggling with GAD is to seek information. Research the signs and symptoms, learn about treatment options, and keep up to date with current research. ### Communicate If you are experiencing GAD symptoms, have an honest conversation about how you’re feeling with someone you trust. If you think a friend or family member may be struggling with GAD, set aside a time to talk with them to express your concern and reassure them of your support. ### Know when to seek help If your anxiety, or the anxiety of a loved one, starts to cause problems in everyday life—such as at school, at work, or with friends and family—it’s time to seek professional help. ### Practice compassion Be kind and patient with yourself and others. Acknowledge progress, no matter how small, and recognize that managing GAD may involve setbacks along the way. ## How can I find help? If you have concerns about your mental health, talk to a primary care provider. They can refer you to a qualified mental health professional, such as a psychologist, psychiatrist, or clinical social worker, who can help you figure out the next steps. Find [tips for talking with a health care provider](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/tips-for-talking-with-your-health-care-provider) about your mental health. You can [learn more about getting help](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help) on the NIMH website. You can also learn about [finding support](https://www.samhsa.gov/find-support) and [locating mental health services](https://findtreatment.gov/) in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) website. ## What are clinical trials and why are they important? Clinical trials are research studies that look at ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. These studies help show whether a treatment is safe and effective in people. Some people join clinical trials to help doctors and researchers learn more about a disease and improve health care. Other people, such as those with health conditions, join to try treatments that aren’t widely available. NIMH supports clinical trials across the United States. Talk to a health care provider about clinical trials and whether one is right for you. Learn more about [participating in clinical trials](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/trials). ## For more information Learn more about [mental health disorders and topics](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health). For information about various health topics, visit the [National Library of Medicine’s MedlinePlus](https://medlineplus.gov/) resource. ## Reprints The information in this publication is in the public domain and may be reused or copied without permission. However, you may not reuse or copy images. Please [cite the National Institute of Mental Health](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/site-info/citing-nimh-publications-and-webpages "Citing NIMH Publications and Webpages") as the source. [Read our copyright policy](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/site-info/policies#part_2718 "Website Policies") to learn more about our guidelines for reusing NIMH content. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health Revised 2025 ## Disclaimer We link to external websites for informational purposes only, but we do not endorse or guarantee their accuracy. Once you leave our site, you will be subject to the new website’s privacy policy. Read NIMH’s [full external linking policy](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/site-info/policies#part_2717) for more information. ##### NIMH Resources [Health Topics](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics) [Brochures and Fact Sheets](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications) [Contact Us](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/site-info/contact-nimh) [Información en español](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol) ##### Policies and Notices [Privacy Policy](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/site-info/privacy-policy) [Website Policies](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/site-info/policies) [FOIA](http://www.nih.gov/icd/od/foia/index.htm) [Accessibility](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/site-info/accessibility) [HHS Vulnerability Disclosure](https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html) ##### Federal Resources [National Institutes of Health (NIH)](http://www.nih.gov/) [NIH Virtual Tour](https://www.nih.gov/virtual-tour/) [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services](https://www.hhs.gov/) [USA.gov](http://www.usa.gov/) The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is part of NIH, a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 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Readable Markdown	- [En español](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-de-ansiedad-generalizada-cuando-no-se-pueden-controlar-las-preocupaciones-new) ## What is generalized anxiety disorder? Occasional anxiety is a normal part of life. Many people worry about things such as health, money, school, work, or family. But people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) feel extremely worried or nervous more frequently or more intensely about these and other things—even when the worry is out of proportion with the situation. GAD usually involves a persistent feeling of anxiety or dread that interferes with how you live your life. It is not the same as occasionally worrying about things or experiencing anxiety due to stressful life events. For people with GAD, these feelings of anxiety can last for months or even years. GAD develops gradually and usually starts in early adulthood, although it can occur at any age. Women are more likely than men to experience GAD, with some women experiencing it during pregnancy and the postpartum period. With the right treatment and support, people with GAD can manage their anxiety and improve their quality of life. ## What are the signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder? People with GAD may: - Worry excessively about everyday things - Have trouble controlling their worries or feelings of nervousness - Feel irritable or “on edge” frequently - Feel restless or have trouble relaxing - Have a hard time concentrating - Have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, or feel fatigued - Experience pain such as headaches, muscle aches, stomachaches, or tension - Tremble or twitch - Sweat a lot, feel lightheaded, or feel out of breath - Have a hard time swallowing - Make frequent trips to the bathroom Adults with GAD are often highly nervous about everyday circumstances, such as: - Job security or performance - Health - Finances - The health and well-being of their children or other family members - Being late - Completing household chores and other responsibilities Children and teens with GAD may worry about many of the same things as adults, but their concerns often center on school, extracurricular activities, friendships, and the future. They may struggle with uncertainty, fear of making mistakes, or worry about disappointing others. Children and teens with GAD may strive for perfection as a way to manage their anxiety. For all people with GAD, symptoms may fluctuate over time and are often worse during times of stress—for example, during a physical illness, school exams, or a family or relationship conflict. ### Is it normal stress or an anxiety disorder? Life can be stressful—a person may feel stressed about a demanding job, a performance at school, or a life change. Everyone feels stress from time to time. Stress is the physical or mental response to an external cause, such as having a lot of homework or having an illness. A stressor may be a one-time or short-term occurrence, or it can happen repeatedly over a long time. Anxiety is the body's reaction to stress and can occur even if there is no current threat. While occasional stress and anxiety are normal, they shouldn’t control your life. If anxiety doesn’t go away and begins to interfere with your daily activities, you may have an anxiety disorder. Learn more about [stress](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stress-listing). ## What causes generalized anxiety disorder? GAD may run in families, but the exact cause of the disorder is unknown. Research suggests that GAD results from a mix of genetics, brain chemistry, biology, and environment. Researchers have found that external causes, such as experiencing a traumatic event or being in a stressful environment, may put a person at higher risk for developing GAD. ## How is generalized anxiety disorder diagnosed? To be diagnosed with GAD, a person must find it difficult to control worry on most days for at least 6 months. They must also have at least three of these symptoms: feeling restless or “on edge,” fatigue, trouble concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, or problems with sleep. If you think you’re experiencing symptoms of GAD, talk to a health care provider, such as a primary care doctor, psychiatrist, psychologist, or clinical social worker. During the visit, the provider may ask when your symptoms began, how long they have lasted, how often they occur, and their impact on your life. After discussing your history, the provider may conduct a physical exam to ensure that an unrelated physical problem is not causing your symptoms. ## What other illnesses can co-occur with generalized anxiety disorder? Some people with GAD have other mental and physical health disorders or conditions, including depression, other anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain syndromes, cardiovascular problems, or suicidal thoughts or behaviors. GAD is also commonly associated with alcohol and substance misuse. The presence of multiple disorders can make treatment more complex, and people with GAD and co-occurring mental disorders may benefit from a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses all aspects of their mental health. If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https://988lifeline.org/) at 988 or chat at [988lifeline.org](https://988lifeline.org/) . In life-threatening situations, call 911. ## How is generalized anxiety disorder treated? GAD treatment typically involves psychotherapy, medication, or both. Choosing the right treatment plan is based on a person’s needs, preferences, and medical situation, as well as consultation with a mental health professional or a health care provider. Finding the best treatment may take trial and error, and psychotherapy and medication can take some time to work. ### Psychotherapy Psychotherapy (also called talk therapy or counseling) can be effective when delivered in person or virtually via telehealth. A provider may support or supplement therapy using digital or mobile technology, like apps or other tools. Different therapies work for different types of people. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a research-supported type of psychotherapy, is commonly used to treat GAD. CBT helps people become aware of automatic ways of thinking that are inaccurate or harmful and then question those thoughts, understand how the thoughts affect their emotions and behavior, and change self-defeating behavior patterns to feel less anxious and worried. CBT has been well studied and is the “gold standard” choice for psychotherapy. Another treatment option for GAD is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). ACT takes a different approach than CBT, encouraging nonjudgmental acceptance of thoughts and behaviors and promoting engagement in meaningful activities. ACT uses strategies such as mindfulness and goal setting to reduce a person’s discomfort and anxiety. There is a growing body of research demonstrating its effectiveness for treating GAD. Learn more about [psychotherapy](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies). ### Medication Health care providers may prescribe medication to treat GAD. Different types of medication can be effective, including: - Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) - Anti-anxiety medications, such as benzodiazepines and buspirone SSRI and SNRI antidepressants are commonly used to treat depression, but they also can help treat the symptoms of GAD. They may take several weeks to start working. These medications also may cause side effects, such as headaches, nausea, or difficulty sleeping. These side effects are usually not severe for most people, especially if the dose starts low and is increased slowly over time. Benzodiazepines, which are anti-anxiety sedative medications, also can be used to manage severe forms of GAD. These medications can be very effective in rapidly decreasing anxiety, but some people build up a tolerance to them and need increasing doses to get the same effect. Some people even become dependent on them. Therefore, a health care provider may prescribe them only for brief periods of time. Buspirone is another anti-anxiety medication that can be helpful in treating GAD. Unlike benzodiazepines, buspirone is not a sedative and has less potential to be addictive. Buspirone needs to be taken for 3–4 weeks for it to be fully effective. Learn more about [mental health medications](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications). Read the most up-to-date information on medications, side effects, and warnings on the [U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website](https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm) . ### Support groups Some people with anxiety disorders benefit from joining a self-help or support group and sharing their problems and achievements with others. Support groups are available both in person and online. However, any advice you receive from a support group member should be used cautiously and does not replace treatment recommendations from a health care provider. ### Healthy habits Practicing a healthy lifestyle also can help combat anxiety, although this alone cannot replace treatment. Researchers have found that implementing certain healthy choices in daily life—such as reducing caffeine intake and getting enough sleep—can reduce anxiety symptoms when paired with standard care—such as psychotherapy and medication. Stress management techniques, such as exercise, mindfulness, and meditation, also can reduce anxiety symptoms and enhance the effects of psychotherapy. You can learn more about how these techniques benefit your treatment by talking with a health care provider. Learn more ways to [take care of your mental health](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/caring-for-your-mental-health). ## How can I support myself or a loved one with generalized anxiety disorder? ### Educate yourself A good way to help yourself or a loved one who may be struggling with GAD is to seek information. Research the signs and symptoms, learn about treatment options, and keep up to date with current research. ### Communicate If you are experiencing GAD symptoms, have an honest conversation about how you’re feeling with someone you trust. If you think a friend or family member may be struggling with GAD, set aside a time to talk with them to express your concern and reassure them of your support. ### Know when to seek help If your anxiety, or the anxiety of a loved one, starts to cause problems in everyday life—such as at school, at work, or with friends and family—it’s time to seek professional help. ### Practice compassion Be kind and patient with yourself and others. Acknowledge progress, no matter how small, and recognize that managing GAD may involve setbacks along the way. ## How can I find help? If you have concerns about your mental health, talk to a primary care provider. They can refer you to a qualified mental health professional, such as a psychologist, psychiatrist, or clinical social worker, who can help you figure out the next steps. Find [tips for talking with a health care provider](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/tips-for-talking-with-your-health-care-provider) about your mental health. You can [learn more about getting help](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help) on the NIMH website. You can also learn about [finding support](https://www.samhsa.gov/find-support) and [locating mental health services](https://findtreatment.gov/) in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) website. ## What are clinical trials and why are they important? Clinical trials are research studies that look at ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. These studies help show whether a treatment is safe and effective in people. Some people join clinical trials to help doctors and researchers learn more about a disease and improve health care. Other people, such as those with health conditions, join to try treatments that aren’t widely available. NIMH supports clinical trials across the United States. Talk to a health care provider about clinical trials and whether one is right for you. Learn more about [participating in clinical trials](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/trials). ## For more information Learn more about [mental health disorders and topics](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health). For information about various health topics, visit the [National Library of Medicine’s MedlinePlus](https://medlineplus.gov/) resource. ## Reprints The information in this publication is in the public domain and may be reused or copied without permission. However, you may not reuse or copy images. Please [cite the National Institute of Mental Health](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/site-info/citing-nimh-publications-and-webpages "Citing NIMH Publications and Webpages") as the source. [Read our copyright policy](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/site-info/policies#part_2718 "Website Policies") to learn more about our guidelines for reusing NIMH content. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health Revised 2025
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