🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 129 (from laksa177)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa129.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical, ml_categories_json AS ml_categories_json, ml_types_json AS ml_types_json, ml_intent_types_json AS ml_intent_types_json, meta_language AS meta_language, attrs_author AS attrs_author, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_publish_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_original_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_original_publish_time, ifNull(attrs_is_republished, 0) AS attrs_is_republished, ifNull(attrs_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_nr_words, ifNull(attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, ifNull(body_ext_links_number, 0) AS body_ext_links_number, ifNull(body_int_links_number, 0) AS body_int_links_number, ifNull(meta_nofollow, 0) AS meta_nofollow, ifNull(meta_noarchive, 0) AS meta_noarchive, ifNull(props_was_rendered, 0) AS props_was_rendered, ifNull(src_redirect, \'\') AS src_redirect, ifNull(download_time_msec, 0) AS download_time_msec, ifNull(download_ttfb_msec, 0) AS download_ttfb_msec, ifNull(download_size, 0) AS download_size FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell","crawl_time":1775083887,"first_indexed_time":1458751699,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"gov,nih!nidcd,www,\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell s443","src_root_hash":"7295144728021232729","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Quick Statistics About Taste and Smell | NIDCD","meta_descriptions":["Statistics on taste and smell disorders."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Skip to main content\nTaste\nAlmost 1 in 5 Americans (or 19%) over the age of 40 reports some alteration in their sense of taste.\n1\nThe prevalence of reported alterations in the sense of taste increases with age, and is highest, at 27%, for people ages 80 years and older.\n1\nRisk factors include dry mouth, nose\/facial injury, and cold or flu lasting more than a month in the past year.\n1\n1 in 20 Americans (or 5%) reports experiencing\ndysgeusia\n[dis-GYOO-zee-a], a disorder characterized by distorted taste.\n1\nThis disorder is often persistent.\nDysgeusia is more commonly reported in women (64% of reported cases).\n1\nBased on their genetics, certain people can taste the bitterness of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) or a related substance called 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). In the United States, about 25% are super-tasters who describe PTC as extremely bitter, 50% are medium tasters of PTC, and 25% cannot taste PTC.\n2\nMedium tasters and especially super-tasters tend to dislike more types of food, particularly if they are strongly flavored.\n3\nThe ability to taste PTC\/PROP\nvaries around the world and among different ethnic and racial groups\n.\n2\nCompared to never smokers, dependent smokers (people who need to smoke within 30 minutes of waking) and chronic smokers (people who have smoked a pack daily for several years) reported lower sensitivity to bitter and salty tastes.\n4\nAmong 138,897 COVID-19-positive patients, 39.2% reported taste dysfunction.\n5\nAmong adults 40 and older, approximately 10% noted a loss in their ability to taste food flavors compared to when they were young adults. 5% reported distortions in their sense of taste, most commonly related to bitter and metallic tastes.\n1\nAmong adults ages 40 or older who reported persistent dry mouth in the past year, approximately 43% experienced changes in their sense of taste.\n1\nSmell\nNearly 1 in 4 Americans (or 23%) over the age of 40 reports some alteration in their sense of smell.\n1\nRates increase in older populations and are highest for those over 80 years old, at 32%.\n1\nRisk factors include sinonasal symptoms (of the nose and sinuses), heavy drinking, previous loss of consciousness from head injury, poverty, and dry mouth.\n1\nApproximately\n1 in 15 Americans (or 6.5%) over the age of 40 reports sometimes experiencing phantom odor perception\n. (The survey asked if participants smelled unpleasant, bad, or burning odors when nothing is there; not all phantom odor perception fits into this category.\n6\n)\nWomen are more likely to report phantom odors, particularly if they are between the ages of 40 and 60, compared to above 60 years of age.\n7\nThose with a history of head injury or poor overall health are more likely to report phantom odors.\n6\nApproximately 1 in 8 Americans over age 40 (up to 13.3 million people, or 12.4% of the population) has measurable smell dysfunction.\n7\nApproximately 3% of Americans have anosmia (no sense of smell) or severe hyposmia (minimal sense of smell).\n7\nThe prevalence of any type of smell impairment increases with age: 4% in Americans ages 40-49, 11% in Americans ages 50-59, 13% in Americans ages 60-69, 25% in Americans 70-79, and 39% in Americans ages 80 and above.\n7\nThe prevalence of smell impairment is higher in men, ethnic minorities (non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American), and in those with lower educational attainment and\/or family income.\n7\nOn average, people with smell dysfunction eat a less healthy diet, with more saturated fats and added sugars.\n8\nA study of 1,636 people found that individuals with cognitive impairment are 3 times more likely than others to have mild to moderate olfactory impairment. The study also found that people with a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease are 10 times more likely than others to have mild olfactory impairment, and 16 times more likely to have moderate olfactory impairment.\n9\nSources\nRawal, S; Hoffman, HJ; Bainbridge, KE; Huedo-Medina, TB; Duffy, VB (2016):\nPrevalence and risk factors of self-reported smell and taste alterations: Results from the 2011–2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)\n.\nChem Senses.\nJan;41(1):69-76. doi: 10.1093\/chemse\/bjv057. \nGuo, SW; Reed, DR (2001):\nThe genetics of phenylthiocarbamide perception\n.\nAnnals of Human Biology.\nMar-Apr;28(2):111-42. doi: 10.1080\/03014460151056310.\nTepper, BJ (1998):\n6-n-Propylthiouracil: A genetic marker for taste, with implications for food preference and dietary habits\n.\nAmerican Journal of Human Genetics\n. Nov;63(5):1271-6. doi: 10.1086\/302124.\nBerube, L; Duffy, VB; Hayes, JE; Hoffman, HJ; Rawal, S (2021):\nAssociations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey\n.\nPhysiol Behav\n. Oct 15:240:113554. doi: 10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554. \nHannum, ME; Koch, RJ; Ramirez, VA; Marks, SS; Toskala, AK; Herriman, RD; Lin, C; Joseph, PV; Reed, DR (2023):\nTaste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis\n.\nChem Senses.\nJan 1:48:bjad043. doi: 10.1093\/chemse\/bjad043.\nBainbridge, KE; Byrd-Clark, D; Leopold, D (2018):\nFactors associated with phantom odor perception among US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey\n.\nJAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg\n. Sep 1;144(9):807-814. doi: 10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.1446.\nHoffman, HJ; Rawal, S; Li, CM; Duffy, VB (2016):\nNew chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): First year results for measured olfactory dysfunction\n.\nRev Endocr Metab Disord\n. Jun;17(2):221-40. doi: 10.1007\/s11154-016-9364-1.\nRawal, S; Duffy, VB; Berube, L; Hayes, JE; Kant, AK; Li, CM; Graubard, BI; Hoffman, HJ (2021):\nSelf-reported olfactory dysfunction and diet quality: Findings from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)\n.\nNutrients.\nDec 20;13(12):4561. doi: 10.3390\/nu13124561.\nKarpa, MJ; Gopinath, B; Rochtchina, E; Wang, JJ; Cumming, RG; Sue, CM; Mitchell, P (2010):\nPrevalence and neurodegenerative or other associations with olfactory impairment in an older community\n.\nJ Aging Health.\nMar;22(2):154-168. doi:10.1177\/0898264309353066.\nLast Updated Date:\nSeptember 20, 2024","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#main-content)\n\n![U.S. flag](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/themes\/nidcd\/assets\/img\/us_flag_small.png)\n\nAn official website of the United States government\n\nHere's how you know\n\nHere's how you know\n\n[U.S. Department of Health & Human Services](http:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/)  \\|  [National Institutes of Health](https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/)\n\n![Dot gov](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/themes\/nidcd\/assets\/img\/icon-dot-gov.svg)\n\n**Official websites use .gov**    \n A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.\n\n![Https](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/themes\/nidcd\/assets\/img\/icon-https.svg)\n\n**Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**    \n A **lock** (A locked padlock) or **https:\/\/** means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.\n\n*[![Home](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/themes\/nidcd\/images\/NIDCD-Header-Logo-Tagline.png)](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/ \"Home\")*\n\nMenu\n\n[NIDCD Employee Intranet](https:\/\/intranet.nidcd.nih.gov\/) \\| [A–Z Index](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/a-z-index) \\| [En español](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/es\/espanol)\n\n![close](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/themes\/nidcd\/assets\/img\/close-white.svg)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/)\n- Health Info\n  - [**Health Info**](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health)\n  - [Hearing, Ear Infections, and Deafness](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/hearing-ear-infections-deafness)\n  - [Balance](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/balance)\n  - [Taste and Smell](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/taste-smell)\n  - [Voice, Speech, and Language](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/voice-speech-and-language)\n  - [Información en español](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/es\/espanol)\n  - [Statistics](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics)\n  - [Health Resources](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/resources)\n  - [Clinical Studies](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/research\/clinical-studies)\n  - [Adult Hearing Health Care](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/adult-hearing-health-care)\n- Research\n  - [**Research**](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/research)\n  - [Extramural Research](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/research\/extramural)\n  - [Intramural Research](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/research\/labs)\n  - [Scientific Workshop and Meeting Reports](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/research\/workshops)\n  - [Clinical Studies](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/research\/clinical-studies)\n  - [Global Health](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/research\/global-health)\n- Grants & Funding\n  - [**Grants & Funding**](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/funding)\n  - [Types of Grants and Funding](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/funding\/types)\n  - [How to Apply for a Grant](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/funding\/apply)\n  - [All NIDCD Funding Opportunities](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/funding\/all-nidcd-funding-opportunities)\n  - [The BRAIN Initiative and the NIDCD](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/funding\/brain-initiative-nidcd)\n- Training\n  - [**Training**](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/training)\n  - [About NIDCD's Research Training Program](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/training\/about)\n  - [Types of Research Training Funding Opportunities](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/training\/awards)\n  - [Research Training in NIDCD Laboratories (Intramural)](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/training\/intramural-labs)\n  - [More Training Resources](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/training\/resources)\n- News & Events\n  - [**News & Events**](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/news)\n  - [NIDCD News](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/news\/nidcd-news)\n  - [Grantee News](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/news\/grantee-news)\n  - [Multimedia](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/news\/multimedia-library?langcode%5Ben%5D=en)\n  - [Events](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/news\/events)\n- About Us\n  - [**About Us**](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/about)\n  - [Messages from the NIDCD Director](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/about\/nidcd-director-message)\n  - [Mission](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/about\/mission)\n  - [Strategic Plans](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/about\/strategic-plans)\n  - [NIDCD History and Milestones](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/about\/history)\n  - [Organizational Structure and Staff](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/about\/staff-organization)\n  - [Congressional Testimony and the NIDCD Budget](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/about\/budget-congressional-testimony)\n  - [Advisory Groups and Review Committees](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/about\/advisory-committees)\n  - [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/contact-us)\n  - [Get Involved](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/about\/get-involved)\n\n## Breadcrumb\n1. [Home](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/)\n2. [Health Information](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health)\n3. [Statistics and Epidemiology](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics)\n\n# Quick Statistics About Taste and Smell\n## Taste\n- Almost 1 in 5 Americans (or 19%) over the age of 40 reports some alteration in their sense of taste.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n  - The prevalence of reported alterations in the sense of taste increases with age, and is highest, at 27%, for people ages 80 years and older.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n  - Risk factors include dry mouth, nose\/facial injury, and cold or flu lasting more than a month in the past year.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n- 1 in 20 Americans (or 5%) reports experiencing [dysgeusia](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/taste-disorders#3) \\[dis-GYOO-zee-a\\], a disorder characterized by distorted taste.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) This disorder is often persistent.\n  - Dysgeusia is more commonly reported in women (64% of reported cases).[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n- Based on their genetics, certain people can taste the bitterness of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) or a related substance called 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). In the United States, about 25% are super-tasters who describe PTC as extremely bitter, 50% are medium tasters of PTC, and 25% cannot taste PTC.[2](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#2) Medium tasters and especially super-tasters tend to dislike more types of food, particularly if they are strongly flavored.[3](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#3)\n  - The ability to taste PTC\/PROP [varies around the world and among different ethnic and racial groups](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/global-variation-sensitivity-bitter-tasting-substances-ptc-or-prop).[2](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#2)\n- Compared to never smokers, dependent smokers (people who need to smoke within 30 minutes of waking) and chronic smokers (people who have smoked a pack daily for several years) reported lower sensitivity to bitter and salty tastes.[4](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#4)\n- Among 138,897 COVID-19-positive patients, 39.2% reported taste dysfunction.[5](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#5)\n- Among adults 40 and older, approximately 10% noted a loss in their ability to taste food flavors compared to when they were young adults. 5% reported distortions in their sense of taste, most commonly related to bitter and metallic tastes.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n- Among adults ages 40 or older who reported persistent dry mouth in the past year, approximately 43% experienced changes in their sense of taste.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n## Smell\n- Nearly 1 in 4 Americans (or 23%) over the age of 40 reports some alteration in their sense of smell.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n  - Rates increase in older populations and are highest for those over 80 years old, at 32%.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n  - Risk factors include sinonasal symptoms (of the nose and sinuses), heavy drinking, previous loss of consciousness from head injury, poverty, and dry mouth.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n- Approximately [1 in 15 Americans (or 6.5%) over the age of 40 reports sometimes experiencing phantom odor perception](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/news\/2018\/1-american-in-15-smells-odors-that-are-not-there). (The survey asked if participants smelled unpleasant, bad, or burning odors when nothing is there; not all phantom odor perception fits into this category.[6](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#6))\n  - Women are more likely to report phantom odors, particularly if they are between the ages of 40 and 60, compared to above 60 years of age.[7](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7)\n  - Those with a history of head injury or poor overall health are more likely to report phantom odors.[6](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#6)\n- Approximately 1 in 8 Americans over age 40 (up to 13.3 million people, or 12.4% of the population) has measurable smell dysfunction.[7](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7)\n  - Approximately 3% of Americans have anosmia (no sense of smell) or severe hyposmia (minimal sense of smell).[7](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7)\n  - The prevalence of any type of smell impairment increases with age: 4% in Americans ages 40-49, 11% in Americans ages 50-59, 13% in Americans ages 60-69, 25% in Americans 70-79, and 39% in Americans ages 80 and above.[7](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7)\n  - The prevalence of smell impairment is higher in men, ethnic minorities (non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American), and in those with lower educational attainment and\/or family income.[7](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7)\n- On average, people with smell dysfunction eat a less healthy diet, with more saturated fats and added sugars.[8](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#8)\n- A study of 1,636 people found that individuals with cognitive impairment are 3 times more likely than others to have mild to moderate olfactory impairment. The study also found that people with a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease are 10 times more likely than others to have mild olfactory impairment, and 16 times more likely to have moderate olfactory impairment.[9](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#9)\n## Sources\n1. Rawal, S; Hoffman, HJ; Bainbridge, KE; Huedo-Medina, TB; Duffy, VB (2016): [Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported smell and taste alterations: Results from the 2011–2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26487703\/). *Chem Senses.* Jan;41(1):69-76. doi: 10.1093\/chemse\/bjv057.\n2. Guo, SW; Reed, DR (2001): [The genetics of phenylthiocarbamide perception](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11293722\/). *Annals of Human Biology.* Mar-Apr;28(2):111-42. doi: 10.1080\/03014460151056310.\n3. Tepper, BJ (1998): [6-n-Propylthiouracil: A genetic marker for taste, with implications for food preference and dietary habits](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9792854\/). *American Journal of Human Genetics*. Nov;63(5):1271-6. doi: 10.1086\/302124.\n4. Berube, L; Duffy, VB; Hayes, JE; Hoffman, HJ; Rawal, S (2021): [Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34375623\/). *Physiol Behav*. Oct 15:240:113554. doi: 10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554.\n5. Hannum, ME; Koch, RJ; Ramirez, VA; Marks, SS; Toskala, AK; Herriman, RD; Lin, C; Joseph, PV; Reed, DR (2023): [Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38100383\/). *Chem Senses.* Jan 1:48:bjad043. doi: 10.1093\/chemse\/bjad043.\n6. Bainbridge, KE; Byrd-Clark, D; Leopold, D (2018): [Factors associated with phantom odor perception among US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30128498\/). *JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg*. Sep 1;144(9):807-814. doi: 10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.1446.\n7. Hoffman, HJ; Rawal, S; Li, CM; Duffy, VB (2016): [New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): First year results for measured olfactory dysfunction](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27287364\/). *Rev Endocr Metab Disord*. Jun;17(2):221-40. doi: 10.1007\/s11154-016-9364-1.\n8. Rawal, S; Duffy, VB; Berube, L; Hayes, JE; Kant, AK; Li, CM; Graubard, BI; Hoffman, HJ (2021): [Self-reported olfactory dysfunction and diet quality: Findings from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34960113\/). *Nutrients.* Dec 20;13(12):4561. doi: 10.3390\/nu13124561.\n9. Karpa, MJ; Gopinath, B; Rochtchina, E; Wang, JJ; Cumming, RG; Sue, CM; Mitchell, P (2010): [Prevalence and neurodegenerative or other associations with olfactory impairment in an older community](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20133956\/). *J Aging Health.* Mar;22(2):154-168. doi:10.1177\/0898264309353066.\n\nLast Updated Date:\n\nSeptember 20, 2024\n\n[![Twitter](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/Site%20Branding%20Images\/social_twitter.png)](https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/post?url=https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell&text=Quick%20Statistics%20About%20Taste%20and%20Smell%20https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell%20via%20@nih_nidcd \"Tweet this\")\n\n[![Facebook](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/Site%20Branding%20Images\/social_facebook.png)](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell&t=Quick%20Statistics%20About%20Taste%20and%20Smell \"Share on Facebook\")\n\n## Have a question?\nInformation specialists can answer your questions in English or Spanish.\n\nVoice: (800) 241-1044  \n TTY: (800) 241-1055  \n [nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov](mailto:nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov)\n\n[More Info](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/clearinghouse)\n\n## The Sense of Smell in U.S. Adults Over Age 40\n[![Infographic on the sense of smell targeting adults over 40](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/Shareable%20Images\/SenseOfSmellInAdultsOver40.png)](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/news\/multimedia\/sense-smell-us-adults-over-age-40)\n\n- [Accessibility](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/accessibility)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/contact-us)\n- [Free Publications](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/order)\n- [Freedom of Information Act](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/foia)\n- [Privacy](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/privacy)\n- [Site Map](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/sitemap)\n- [Syndication](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/content-syndication)\n- [Vulnerability Disclosure](https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/vulnerability-disclosure-policy\/index.html)\n- [Website Policies](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/policies)\n- [Subscribe to NIDCD Email Updates](https:\/\/public.govdelivery.com\/accounts\/USNIHNIDCD\/subscriber\/new \"(opens in a new window)\")\n\n[![NIH logo](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/themes\/nidcd\/images\/NIH-NIDCD-logo.png)](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/)\n\nFollow Us:\n\n[Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/nidcd.nih.gov\/%20)\n\n[X](https:\/\/x.com\/nih_nidcd \"(opens in a new window)\")\n\n31 Center Drive, MSC 2320, Bethesda, MD USA 20892-2320\n\n[800-241-1044](tel:800-241-1044)\n\n[nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov](mailto:nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov)\n\n[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services](https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/)\n\n[National Institutes of Health](https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/)\n\n[USA.gov—Government Made Easy](https:\/\/www.usa.gov\/)\n\nBACK TO TOP","attrs_readable_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#main-content)\n\n## Taste\n- Almost 1 in 5 Americans (or 19%) over the age of 40 reports some alteration in their sense of taste.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n  - The prevalence of reported alterations in the sense of taste increases with age, and is highest, at 27%, for people ages 80 years and older.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n  - Risk factors include dry mouth, nose\/facial injury, and cold or flu lasting more than a month in the past year.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n- 1 in 20 Americans (or 5%) reports experiencing [dysgeusia](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/taste-disorders#3) \\[dis-GYOO-zee-a\\], a disorder characterized by distorted taste.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) This disorder is often persistent.\n  - Dysgeusia is more commonly reported in women (64% of reported cases).[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n- Based on their genetics, certain people can taste the bitterness of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) or a related substance called 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). In the United States, about 25% are super-tasters who describe PTC as extremely bitter, 50% are medium tasters of PTC, and 25% cannot taste PTC.[2](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#2) Medium tasters and especially super-tasters tend to dislike more types of food, particularly if they are strongly flavored.[3](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#3)\n  - The ability to taste PTC\/PROP [varies around the world and among different ethnic and racial groups](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/global-variation-sensitivity-bitter-tasting-substances-ptc-or-prop).[2](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#2)\n- Compared to never smokers, dependent smokers (people who need to smoke within 30 minutes of waking) and chronic smokers (people who have smoked a pack daily for several years) reported lower sensitivity to bitter and salty tastes.[4](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#4)\n- Among 138,897 COVID-19-positive patients, 39.2% reported taste dysfunction.[5](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#5)\n- Among adults 40 and older, approximately 10% noted a loss in their ability to taste food flavors compared to when they were young adults. 5% reported distortions in their sense of taste, most commonly related to bitter and metallic tastes.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n- Among adults ages 40 or older who reported persistent dry mouth in the past year, approximately 43% experienced changes in their sense of taste.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n## Smell\n- Nearly 1 in 4 Americans (or 23%) over the age of 40 reports some alteration in their sense of smell.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n  - Rates increase in older populations and are highest for those over 80 years old, at 32%.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n  - Risk factors include sinonasal symptoms (of the nose and sinuses), heavy drinking, previous loss of consciousness from head injury, poverty, and dry mouth.[1](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1)\n- Approximately [1 in 15 Americans (or 6.5%) over the age of 40 reports sometimes experiencing phantom odor perception](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/news\/2018\/1-american-in-15-smells-odors-that-are-not-there). (The survey asked if participants smelled unpleasant, bad, or burning odors when nothing is there; not all phantom odor perception fits into this category.[6](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#6))\n  - Women are more likely to report phantom odors, particularly if they are between the ages of 40 and 60, compared to above 60 years of age.[7](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7)\n  - Those with a history of head injury or poor overall health are more likely to report phantom odors.[6](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#6)\n- Approximately 1 in 8 Americans over age 40 (up to 13.3 million people, or 12.4% of the population) has measurable smell dysfunction.[7](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7)\n  - Approximately 3% of Americans have anosmia (no sense of smell) or severe hyposmia (minimal sense of smell).[7](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7)\n  - The prevalence of any type of smell impairment increases with age: 4% in Americans ages 40-49, 11% in Americans ages 50-59, 13% in Americans ages 60-69, 25% in Americans 70-79, and 39% in Americans ages 80 and above.[7](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7)\n  - The prevalence of smell impairment is higher in men, ethnic minorities (non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American), and in those with lower educational attainment and\/or family income.[7](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7)\n- On average, people with smell dysfunction eat a less healthy diet, with more saturated fats and added sugars.[8](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#8)\n- A study of 1,636 people found that individuals with cognitive impairment are 3 times more likely than others to have mild to moderate olfactory impairment. The study also found that people with a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease are 10 times more likely than others to have mild olfactory impairment, and 16 times more likely to have moderate olfactory impairment.[9](https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-taste-smell#9)\n## Sources\n1. Rawal, S; Hoffman, HJ; Bainbridge, KE; Huedo-Medina, TB; Duffy, VB (2016): [Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported smell and taste alterations: Results from the 2011–2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26487703\/). *Chem Senses.* Jan;41(1):69-76. doi: 10.1093\/chemse\/bjv057.\n2. Guo, SW; Reed, DR (2001): [The genetics of phenylthiocarbamide perception](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11293722\/). *Annals of Human Biology.* Mar-Apr;28(2):111-42. doi: 10.1080\/03014460151056310.\n3. Tepper, BJ (1998): [6-n-Propylthiouracil: A genetic marker for taste, with implications for food preference and dietary habits](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9792854\/). *American Journal of Human Genetics*. Nov;63(5):1271-6. doi: 10.1086\/302124.\n4. Berube, L; Duffy, VB; Hayes, JE; Hoffman, HJ; Rawal, S (2021): [Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34375623\/). *Physiol Behav*. Oct 15:240:113554. doi: 10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554.\n5. Hannum, ME; Koch, RJ; Ramirez, VA; Marks, SS; Toskala, AK; Herriman, RD; Lin, C; Joseph, PV; Reed, DR (2023): [Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38100383\/). *Chem Senses.* Jan 1:48:bjad043. doi: 10.1093\/chemse\/bjad043.\n6. Bainbridge, KE; Byrd-Clark, D; Leopold, D (2018): [Factors associated with phantom odor perception among US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30128498\/). *JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg*. Sep 1;144(9):807-814. doi: 10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.1446.\n7. Hoffman, HJ; Rawal, S; Li, CM; Duffy, VB (2016): [New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): First year results for measured olfactory dysfunction](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27287364\/). *Rev Endocr Metab Disord*. Jun;17(2):221-40. doi: 10.1007\/s11154-016-9364-1.\n8. Rawal, S; Duffy, VB; Berube, L; Hayes, JE; Kant, AK; Li, CM; Graubard, BI; Hoffman, HJ (2021): [Self-reported olfactory dysfunction and diet quality: Findings from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34960113\/). *Nutrients.* Dec 20;13(12):4561. doi: 10.3390\/nu13124561.\n9. Karpa, MJ; Gopinath, B; Rochtchina, E; Wang, JJ; Cumming, RG; Sue, CM; Mitchell, P (2010): [Prevalence and neurodegenerative or other associations with olfactory impairment in an older community](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20133956\/). *J Aging Health.* Mar;22(2):154-168. doi:10.1177\/0898264309353066.\n\nLast Updated Date:\n\nSeptember 20, 2024","meta_canonical":null,"ml_categories_json":"{\"\/Health\":994,\"\/Health\/Health_Conditions\":712,\"\/Health\/Health_Conditions\/Neurological_Conditions\":222}","ml_types_json":"{\"\/Article\":894,\"\/Article\/Definitions\":634}","ml_intent_types_json":"{\"Informational\":999}","meta_language":"en","attrs_author":null,"attrs_publish_time":1726833600,"attrs_original_publish_time":1458751699,"attrs_is_republished":1,"attrs_nr_words":"1306","attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words":"958","body_ext_links_number":9,"body_int_links_number":67,"meta_nofollow":0,"meta_noarchive":0,"props_was_rendered":1,"src_redirect":"","download_time_msec":64,"download_ttfb_msec":64,"download_size":11503}

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Quick Statistics About Taste and Smell | NIDCD

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Statistics on taste and smell disorders.

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Skip to main content Taste Almost 1 in 5 Americans (or 19%) over the age of 40 reports some alteration in their sense of taste. 1 The prevalence of reported alterations in the sense of taste increases with age, and is highest, at 27%, for people ages 80 years and older. 1 Risk factors include dry mouth, nose/facial injury, and cold or flu lasting more than a month in the past year. 1 1 in 20 Americans (or 5%) reports experiencing dysgeusia [dis-GYOO-zee-a], a disorder characterized by distorted taste. 1 This disorder is often persistent. Dysgeusia is more commonly reported in women (64% of reported cases). 1 Based on their genetics, certain people can taste the bitterness of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) or a related substance called 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). In the United States, about 25% are super-tasters who describe PTC as extremely bitter, 50% are medium tasters of PTC, and 25% cannot taste PTC. 2 Medium tasters and especially super-tasters tend to dislike more types of food, particularly if they are strongly flavored. 3 The ability to taste PTC/PROP varies around the world and among different ethnic and racial groups . 2 Compared to never smokers, dependent smokers (people who need to smoke within 30 minutes of waking) and chronic smokers (people who have smoked a pack daily for several years) reported lower sensitivity to bitter and salty tastes. 4 Among 138,897 COVID-19-positive patients, 39.2% reported taste dysfunction. 5 Among adults 40 and older, approximately 10% noted a loss in their ability to taste food flavors compared to when they were young adults. 5% reported distortions in their sense of taste, most commonly related to bitter and metallic tastes. 1 Among adults ages 40 or older who reported persistent dry mouth in the past year, approximately 43% experienced changes in their sense of taste. 1 Smell Nearly 1 in 4 Americans (or 23%) over the age of 40 reports some alteration in their sense of smell. 1 Rates increase in older populations and are highest for those over 80 years old, at 32%. 1 Risk factors include sinonasal symptoms (of the nose and sinuses), heavy drinking, previous loss of consciousness from head injury, poverty, and dry mouth. 1 Approximately 1 in 15 Americans (or 6.5%) over the age of 40 reports sometimes experiencing phantom odor perception . (The survey asked if participants smelled unpleasant, bad, or burning odors when nothing is there; not all phantom odor perception fits into this category. 6 ) Women are more likely to report phantom odors, particularly if they are between the ages of 40 and 60, compared to above 60 years of age. 7 Those with a history of head injury or poor overall health are more likely to report phantom odors. 6 Approximately 1 in 8 Americans over age 40 (up to 13.3 million people, or 12.4% of the population) has measurable smell dysfunction. 7 Approximately 3% of Americans have anosmia (no sense of smell) or severe hyposmia (minimal sense of smell). 7 The prevalence of any type of smell impairment increases with age: 4% in Americans ages 40-49, 11% in Americans ages 50-59, 13% in Americans ages 60-69, 25% in Americans 70-79, and 39% in Americans ages 80 and above. 7 The prevalence of smell impairment is higher in men, ethnic minorities (non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American), and in those with lower educational attainment and/or family income. 7 On average, people with smell dysfunction eat a less healthy diet, with more saturated fats and added sugars. 8 A study of 1,636 people found that individuals with cognitive impairment are 3 times more likely than others to have mild to moderate olfactory impairment. The study also found that people with a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease are 10 times more likely than others to have mild olfactory impairment, and 16 times more likely to have moderate olfactory impairment. 9 Sources Rawal, S; Hoffman, HJ; Bainbridge, KE; Huedo-Medina, TB; Duffy, VB (2016): Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported smell and taste alterations: Results from the 2011–2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) . Chem Senses. Jan;41(1):69-76. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjv057. Guo, SW; Reed, DR (2001): The genetics of phenylthiocarbamide perception . Annals of Human Biology. Mar-Apr;28(2):111-42. doi: 10.1080/03014460151056310. Tepper, BJ (1998): 6-n-Propylthiouracil: A genetic marker for taste, with implications for food preference and dietary habits . American Journal of Human Genetics . Nov;63(5):1271-6. doi: 10.1086/302124. Berube, L; Duffy, VB; Hayes, JE; Hoffman, HJ; Rawal, S (2021): Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey . Physiol Behav . Oct 15:240:113554. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113554. Hannum, ME; Koch, RJ; Ramirez, VA; Marks, SS; Toskala, AK; Herriman, RD; Lin, C; Joseph, PV; Reed, DR (2023): Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Chem Senses. Jan 1:48:bjad043. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjad043. Bainbridge, KE; Byrd-Clark, D; Leopold, D (2018): Factors associated with phantom odor perception among US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey . JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . Sep 1;144(9):807-814. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2018.1446. Hoffman, HJ; Rawal, S; Li, CM; Duffy, VB (2016): New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): First year results for measured olfactory dysfunction . Rev Endocr Metab Disord . Jun;17(2):221-40. doi: 10.1007/s11154-016-9364-1. Rawal, S; Duffy, VB; Berube, L; Hayes, JE; Kant, AK; Li, CM; Graubard, BI; Hoffman, HJ (2021): Self-reported olfactory dysfunction and diet quality: Findings from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) . Nutrients. Dec 20;13(12):4561. doi: 10.3390/nu13124561. Karpa, MJ; Gopinath, B; Rochtchina, E; Wang, JJ; Cumming, RG; Sue, CM; Mitchell, P (2010): Prevalence and neurodegenerative or other associations with olfactory impairment in an older community . J Aging Health. Mar;22(2):154-168. doi:10.1177/0898264309353066. Last Updated Date: September 20, 2024

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[Skip to main content](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#main-content) ![U.S. flag](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/sites/default/themes/nidcd/assets/img/us_flag_small.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know Here's how you know [U.S. Department of Health & Human Services](http://www.hhs.gov/) \| [National Institutes of Health](https://www.nih.gov/) ![Dot gov](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/sites/default/themes/nidcd/assets/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **Official websites use .gov** A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. ![Https](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/sites/default/themes/nidcd/assets/img/icon-https.svg) **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS** A **lock** (A locked padlock) or **https://** means you've safely connected to the .gov website. 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[Statistics and Epidemiology](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics) # Quick Statistics About Taste and Smell ## Taste - Almost 1 in 5 Americans (or 19%) over the age of 40 reports some alteration in their sense of taste.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - The prevalence of reported alterations in the sense of taste increases with age, and is highest, at 27%, for people ages 80 years and older.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - Risk factors include dry mouth, nose/facial injury, and cold or flu lasting more than a month in the past year.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - 1 in 20 Americans (or 5%) reports experiencing [dysgeusia](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/taste-disorders#3) \[dis-GYOO-zee-a\], a disorder characterized by distorted taste.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) This disorder is often persistent. - Dysgeusia is more commonly reported in women (64% of reported cases).[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - Based on their genetics, certain people can taste the bitterness of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) or a related substance called 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). In the United States, about 25% are super-tasters who describe PTC as extremely bitter, 50% are medium tasters of PTC, and 25% cannot taste PTC.[2](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#2) Medium tasters and especially super-tasters tend to dislike more types of food, particularly if they are strongly flavored.[3](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#3) - The ability to taste PTC/PROP [varies around the world and among different ethnic and racial groups](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/global-variation-sensitivity-bitter-tasting-substances-ptc-or-prop).[2](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#2) - Compared to never smokers, dependent smokers (people who need to smoke within 30 minutes of waking) and chronic smokers (people who have smoked a pack daily for several years) reported lower sensitivity to bitter and salty tastes.[4](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#4) - Among 138,897 COVID-19-positive patients, 39.2% reported taste dysfunction.[5](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#5) - Among adults 40 and older, approximately 10% noted a loss in their ability to taste food flavors compared to when they were young adults. 5% reported distortions in their sense of taste, most commonly related to bitter and metallic tastes.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - Among adults ages 40 or older who reported persistent dry mouth in the past year, approximately 43% experienced changes in their sense of taste.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) ## Smell - Nearly 1 in 4 Americans (or 23%) over the age of 40 reports some alteration in their sense of smell.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - Rates increase in older populations and are highest for those over 80 years old, at 32%.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - Risk factors include sinonasal symptoms (of the nose and sinuses), heavy drinking, previous loss of consciousness from head injury, poverty, and dry mouth.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - Approximately [1 in 15 Americans (or 6.5%) over the age of 40 reports sometimes experiencing phantom odor perception](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/news/2018/1-american-in-15-smells-odors-that-are-not-there). (The survey asked if participants smelled unpleasant, bad, or burning odors when nothing is there; not all phantom odor perception fits into this category.[6](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#6)) - Women are more likely to report phantom odors, particularly if they are between the ages of 40 and 60, compared to above 60 years of age.[7](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7) - Those with a history of head injury or poor overall health are more likely to report phantom odors.[6](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#6) - Approximately 1 in 8 Americans over age 40 (up to 13.3 million people, or 12.4% of the population) has measurable smell dysfunction.[7](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7) - Approximately 3% of Americans have anosmia (no sense of smell) or severe hyposmia (minimal sense of smell).[7](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7) - The prevalence of any type of smell impairment increases with age: 4% in Americans ages 40-49, 11% in Americans ages 50-59, 13% in Americans ages 60-69, 25% in Americans 70-79, and 39% in Americans ages 80 and above.[7](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7) - The prevalence of smell impairment is higher in men, ethnic minorities (non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American), and in those with lower educational attainment and/or family income.[7](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7) - On average, people with smell dysfunction eat a less healthy diet, with more saturated fats and added sugars.[8](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#8) - A study of 1,636 people found that individuals with cognitive impairment are 3 times more likely than others to have mild to moderate olfactory impairment. The study also found that people with a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease are 10 times more likely than others to have mild olfactory impairment, and 16 times more likely to have moderate olfactory impairment.[9](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#9) ## Sources 1. Rawal, S; Hoffman, HJ; Bainbridge, KE; Huedo-Medina, TB; Duffy, VB (2016): [Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported smell and taste alterations: Results from the 2011–2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26487703/). *Chem Senses.* Jan;41(1):69-76. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjv057. 2. Guo, SW; Reed, DR (2001): [The genetics of phenylthiocarbamide perception](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11293722/). *Annals of Human Biology.* Mar-Apr;28(2):111-42. doi: 10.1080/03014460151056310. 3. Tepper, BJ (1998): [6-n-Propylthiouracil: A genetic marker for taste, with implications for food preference and dietary habits](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9792854/). *American Journal of Human Genetics*. Nov;63(5):1271-6. doi: 10.1086/302124. 4. Berube, L; Duffy, VB; Hayes, JE; Hoffman, HJ; Rawal, S (2021): [Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34375623/). *Physiol Behav*. Oct 15:240:113554. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113554. 5. Hannum, ME; Koch, RJ; Ramirez, VA; Marks, SS; Toskala, AK; Herriman, RD; Lin, C; Joseph, PV; Reed, DR (2023): [Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38100383/). *Chem Senses.* Jan 1:48:bjad043. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjad043. 6. Bainbridge, KE; Byrd-Clark, D; Leopold, D (2018): [Factors associated with phantom odor perception among US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30128498/). *JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg*. Sep 1;144(9):807-814. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2018.1446. 7. Hoffman, HJ; Rawal, S; Li, CM; Duffy, VB (2016): [New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): First year results for measured olfactory dysfunction](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27287364/). *Rev Endocr Metab Disord*. Jun;17(2):221-40. doi: 10.1007/s11154-016-9364-1. 8. Rawal, S; Duffy, VB; Berube, L; Hayes, JE; Kant, AK; Li, CM; Graubard, BI; Hoffman, HJ (2021): [Self-reported olfactory dysfunction and diet quality: Findings from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34960113/). *Nutrients.* Dec 20;13(12):4561. doi: 10.3390/nu13124561. 9. Karpa, MJ; Gopinath, B; Rochtchina, E; Wang, JJ; Cumming, RG; Sue, CM; Mitchell, P (2010): [Prevalence and neurodegenerative or other associations with olfactory impairment in an older community](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20133956/). *J Aging Health.* Mar;22(2):154-168. doi:10.1177/0898264309353066. Last Updated Date: September 20, 2024 [![Twitter](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/Site%20Branding%20Images/social_twitter.png)](https://x.com/intent/post?url=https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell&text=Quick%20Statistics%20About%20Taste%20and%20Smell%20https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell%20via%20@nih_nidcd "Tweet this") [![Facebook](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/Site%20Branding%20Images/social_facebook.png)](https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell&t=Quick%20Statistics%20About%20Taste%20and%20Smell "Share on Facebook") ## Have a question? Information specialists can answer your questions in English or Spanish. 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[Skip to main content](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#main-content) ## Taste - Almost 1 in 5 Americans (or 19%) over the age of 40 reports some alteration in their sense of taste.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - The prevalence of reported alterations in the sense of taste increases with age, and is highest, at 27%, for people ages 80 years and older.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - Risk factors include dry mouth, nose/facial injury, and cold or flu lasting more than a month in the past year.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - 1 in 20 Americans (or 5%) reports experiencing [dysgeusia](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/taste-disorders#3) \[dis-GYOO-zee-a\], a disorder characterized by distorted taste.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) This disorder is often persistent. - Dysgeusia is more commonly reported in women (64% of reported cases).[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - Based on their genetics, certain people can taste the bitterness of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) or a related substance called 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). In the United States, about 25% are super-tasters who describe PTC as extremely bitter, 50% are medium tasters of PTC, and 25% cannot taste PTC.[2](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#2) Medium tasters and especially super-tasters tend to dislike more types of food, particularly if they are strongly flavored.[3](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#3) - The ability to taste PTC/PROP [varies around the world and among different ethnic and racial groups](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/global-variation-sensitivity-bitter-tasting-substances-ptc-or-prop).[2](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#2) - Compared to never smokers, dependent smokers (people who need to smoke within 30 minutes of waking) and chronic smokers (people who have smoked a pack daily for several years) reported lower sensitivity to bitter and salty tastes.[4](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#4) - Among 138,897 COVID-19-positive patients, 39.2% reported taste dysfunction.[5](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#5) - Among adults 40 and older, approximately 10% noted a loss in their ability to taste food flavors compared to when they were young adults. 5% reported distortions in their sense of taste, most commonly related to bitter and metallic tastes.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - Among adults ages 40 or older who reported persistent dry mouth in the past year, approximately 43% experienced changes in their sense of taste.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) ## Smell - Nearly 1 in 4 Americans (or 23%) over the age of 40 reports some alteration in their sense of smell.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - Rates increase in older populations and are highest for those over 80 years old, at 32%.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - Risk factors include sinonasal symptoms (of the nose and sinuses), heavy drinking, previous loss of consciousness from head injury, poverty, and dry mouth.[1](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#1) - Approximately [1 in 15 Americans (or 6.5%) over the age of 40 reports sometimes experiencing phantom odor perception](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/news/2018/1-american-in-15-smells-odors-that-are-not-there). (The survey asked if participants smelled unpleasant, bad, or burning odors when nothing is there; not all phantom odor perception fits into this category.[6](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#6)) - Women are more likely to report phantom odors, particularly if they are between the ages of 40 and 60, compared to above 60 years of age.[7](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7) - Those with a history of head injury or poor overall health are more likely to report phantom odors.[6](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#6) - Approximately 1 in 8 Americans over age 40 (up to 13.3 million people, or 12.4% of the population) has measurable smell dysfunction.[7](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7) - Approximately 3% of Americans have anosmia (no sense of smell) or severe hyposmia (minimal sense of smell).[7](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7) - The prevalence of any type of smell impairment increases with age: 4% in Americans ages 40-49, 11% in Americans ages 50-59, 13% in Americans ages 60-69, 25% in Americans 70-79, and 39% in Americans ages 80 and above.[7](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7) - The prevalence of smell impairment is higher in men, ethnic minorities (non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American), and in those with lower educational attainment and/or family income.[7](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#7) - On average, people with smell dysfunction eat a less healthy diet, with more saturated fats and added sugars.[8](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#8) - A study of 1,636 people found that individuals with cognitive impairment are 3 times more likely than others to have mild to moderate olfactory impairment. The study also found that people with a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease are 10 times more likely than others to have mild olfactory impairment, and 16 times more likely to have moderate olfactory impairment.[9](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-taste-smell#9) ## Sources 1. Rawal, S; Hoffman, HJ; Bainbridge, KE; Huedo-Medina, TB; Duffy, VB (2016): [Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported smell and taste alterations: Results from the 2011–2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26487703/). *Chem Senses.* Jan;41(1):69-76. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjv057. 2. Guo, SW; Reed, DR (2001): [The genetics of phenylthiocarbamide perception](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11293722/). *Annals of Human Biology.* Mar-Apr;28(2):111-42. doi: 10.1080/03014460151056310. 3. Tepper, BJ (1998): [6-n-Propylthiouracil: A genetic marker for taste, with implications for food preference and dietary habits](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9792854/). *American Journal of Human Genetics*. Nov;63(5):1271-6. doi: 10.1086/302124. 4. Berube, L; Duffy, VB; Hayes, JE; Hoffman, HJ; Rawal, S (2021): [Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34375623/). *Physiol Behav*. Oct 15:240:113554. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113554. 5. Hannum, ME; Koch, RJ; Ramirez, VA; Marks, SS; Toskala, AK; Herriman, RD; Lin, C; Joseph, PV; Reed, DR (2023): [Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38100383/). *Chem Senses.* Jan 1:48:bjad043. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjad043. 6. Bainbridge, KE; Byrd-Clark, D; Leopold, D (2018): [Factors associated with phantom odor perception among US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30128498/). *JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg*. Sep 1;144(9):807-814. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2018.1446. 7. Hoffman, HJ; Rawal, S; Li, CM; Duffy, VB (2016): [New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): First year results for measured olfactory dysfunction](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27287364/). *Rev Endocr Metab Disord*. Jun;17(2):221-40. doi: 10.1007/s11154-016-9364-1. 8. Rawal, S; Duffy, VB; Berube, L; Hayes, JE; Kant, AK; Li, CM; Graubard, BI; Hoffman, HJ (2021): [Self-reported olfactory dysfunction and diet quality: Findings from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34960113/). *Nutrients.* Dec 20;13(12):4561. doi: 10.3390/nu13124561. 9. Karpa, MJ; Gopinath, B; Rochtchina, E; Wang, JJ; Cumming, RG; Sue, CM; Mitchell, P (2010): [Prevalence and neurodegenerative or other associations with olfactory impairment in an older community](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20133956/). *J Aging Health.* Mar;22(2):154-168. doi:10.1177/0898264309353066. Last Updated Date: September 20, 2024

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