🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 167 (from laksa198)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa167.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/schizophrenia/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/schizophrenia/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/schizophrenia\/","crawl_time":1776076156,"first_indexed_time":1496387954,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"scot,nhsinform!www,\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/schizophrenia\/ s443","src_root_hash":"1837705011826305967","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Schizophrenia | NHS inform","meta_descriptions":["Schizophrenia is a long-term mental health condition often described as a psychotic illness. Learn about its symptoms and treatments."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Schizophrenia is a serious mental health condition. It causes a range of different psychological symptoms.\nSymptoms of schizophrenia\nPeople experience symptoms of schizophrenia in different ways. They may start suddenly or develop slowly over time.\nSymptoms of schizophrenia can include:\nhallucinations – hearing voices or seeing things that other people can’t\ndelusions – unusual beliefs that are not based on reality that other people might find difficult to understand\nmuddled thoughts and speech\na lack of interest in things\nnot wanting to look after yourself\ndifficulty with day-to-day activities\nwanting to avoid people\nfeeling disconnected from your emotions\nworrying that other people may wish you harm\ndifficulty concentrating\nfeeling fearful or worried\nSchizophrenia is often described as a\npsychotic illness\n. This means you may not be able to distinguish your own thoughts and ideas from reality.\nYou may have episodes of schizophrenia. This means symptoms can be severe followed by a period where you have few symptoms or none at all. About one third of people recover completely from schizophrenia after one episode.\nHow to get urgent mental health support\nSupport is available if you or someone you know is having a mental health crisis or emergency, no matter what you’re going through.\nFind out where to get urgent mental health support\nSpeak to your GP practice if you have:\nchanges in your thoughts or behaviour that last a long time or impact your everyday life\nbeen diagnosed with schizophrenia and treatments are not helping (or speak to your mental health specialist if you have one)\nIf you’re worried about someone else, encourage them to speak to their GP or phone 111 yourself for advice.\nDiagnosing schizophrenia\nIf you’re experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia, speak to your GP practice as soon as possible. They’ll ask about your symptoms and check they’re not caused by something else.\nYour GP will ask you questions and assess your symptoms further. They may refer you to a mental health specialist.\nConditions with similar symptoms\nThere are some conditions that have similar symptoms to schizophrenia. This includes:\nbipolar disorder\nschizoaffective disorder\nsome types of\npersonality disorder\nIt’s also possible to have an episode of\npsychosis\nwithout having schizophrenia.\nThis means it can be difficult to find a diagnosis to fit your specific experiences. It also means you may have more than one diagnosis at once.\nTreatment for schizophrenia\nAntipsychotic medication\nis often used to treat schizophrenia.\nPsychological treatments\nmight also be offered. This can help to reduce the impact that it has on your life.\nPsychological treatments include:\ncognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) – aims to reduce the impact of voice hearing, unusual beliefs and fear on peoples lives\nfamily therapy – informal meetings to help you and your family cope with your condition\narts therapy – work with an arts therapist to express your experiences with schizophrenia\nCommunity mental health teams (CMHTs)\nPeople with schizophrenia are usually treated by CMHTs. They work with your GP and are made up of different mental health professionals, including:\nsocial workers\ncommunity mental health nurses\noccupational therapists\ncommunity support workers\npsychologists\npsychiatrists\nCMHTs provide day-to-day support and treatment. They also help to ensure you have as much independence as possible.\nDealing with an episode of schizophrenia\nPeople with severe episodes of schizophrenia may need more care. For example, through a Crisis Resolution Team (CRT) or Intensive Home Treatment Team.\nThese teams aim to treat people outside of a hospital. They also plan care for when the crisis has passed.\nYour healthcare team should provide you with contact information in case of a crisis.\nIn severe episodes of schizophrenia, you might need hospital care. If you refuse care, the\nMental Health (Scotland) Act 2015\ncould be used to ensure you get treatment.\nAdvance statements\nYou may want to write an advance statement if you’re at risk of a serious episode of schizophrenia. This records your preferences about your care. Your healthcare team must consider your preferences when giving you treatment.\nIf you want to make an advance statement, talk to your healthcare team.\nWhat causes schizophrenia?\nIt’s not known exactly what causes schizophrenia. A combination of factors may make you more likely to develop the condition. This includes:\ngenetics\ndifferences in brain structure and chemicals\ncomplications in pregnancy or after birth\ntrauma, including sexual and emotional abuse and neglect\nIf you’re already vulnerable to schizophrenia, a psychotic episode can then be triggered by:\na stressful life event\ndrug use\nIt’s not known why some people develop symptoms while others don’t.\nSupport with schizophrenia\nIt can be helpful to talk to others about your condition. It’s a good way to share experiences and get support.\nYou can get support from organisations and local support groups like:\nChange Mental Health\nScottish Action for Mental Health (SAMH)\nLooking after your health\nThe chance of a severe relapse can be reduced if schizophrenia is well managed. There are some things that can help.\nDo\ntry to have a regular rouine\nget plenty of sleep\neat a healthy diet\nexerxise regularly\navoid smoking\nDon’t\ndo not take recreational drugs\ndo not drink too much alcohol\nLiving with schizophrenia\nEven if you do not have a job or are unable to work, it’s still important to go out and do everyday things. This can give structure to your week.\nAn occupational therapist might be able to support you to establish a daily routine.\nIn some places, community facilities offer a range of activities to help you get active again and spend time with other people. Speak to your healthcare professional about what options might be available to you.\nWork projects may also be an option to help develop your work skills and support you back into work. For example, read about\nSAMH’s individual placement and support services\n.\nSome people with schizophrenia may be given supported accommodation. This means there will be someone around who’s trained to support you. They can also help you deal with day-to-day problems.\nSchizophrenia warning signs\nThe warning signs that you’re becoming unwell will be different for everyone.\nIt could include:\nfeeling anxious or stressed\npoor sleep\nhearing quiet voices\nfinding it hard to concentrate\navoiding people\nfeeling suspicious or fearful\nIf you notice warning signs, ask for help.\nLiving with or caring for a friend or family member\nLiving with or caring for someone with schizophrenia can have a big positive impact on their recovery. But, the person’s behaviour may change and relationships can feel the strain.\nYou may find it helpful to talk to a support group. You can also contact a psychologist and ask for family therapy, if needed.\nChange Mental Health can help you get the\nmental health support\nyou need.\nSAMH have further information and support on\nbeing there for someone\n.","attrs_markdown":"[![NHS 24 logo in white with clear background](https:\/\/appnhs24wp41a8c38064.blob.core.windows.net\/blobappnhs24wp41a8c38064\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/)\n\n- [Home![NHS inform home logo](https:\/\/appnhs24wp41a8c38064.blob.core.windows.net\/blobappnhs24wp41a8c38064\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/home-nhs.png)](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/)\n- [Illnesses and conditions](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/)\n- [Symptoms and self-help](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/symptoms-and-self-help\/)\n- [Tests and treatments](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/tests-and-treatments\/)\n- [Healthy living](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/healthy-living\/)\n- [Care, support and rights](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/care-support-and-rights\/)\n- [Scotland’s Service Directory](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/scotlands-service-directory\/)\n\n- [![](https:\/\/appnhs24wp41a8c38064.blob.core.windows.net\/blobappnhs24wp41a8c38064\/wp-content\/themes\/nhsinform\/assets\/images\/launchpad-icon.svg)](\"Listen with the ReachDeck Toolbar\")\n- [0](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/info-for-me)\n\n[Home](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/) [Illnesses and conditions](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/?post_type=illnesses) [Mental health](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/) Schizophrenia\n\n# Schizophrenia\nSchizophrenia is a serious mental health condition. It causes a range of different psychological symptoms.\n\n## Symptoms of schizophrenia\nPeople experience symptoms of schizophrenia in different ways. They may start suddenly or develop slowly over time.\n\nSymptoms of schizophrenia can include:\n\n- hallucinations – hearing voices or seeing things that other people can’t\n- delusions – unusual beliefs that are not based on reality that other people might find difficult to understand\n- muddled thoughts and speech\n- a lack of interest in things\n- not wanting to look after yourself\n- difficulty with day-to-day activities\n- wanting to avoid people\n- feeling disconnected from your emotions\n- worrying that other people may wish you harm\n- difficulty concentrating\n- feeling fearful or worried\n\nSchizophrenia is often described as a [psychotic illness](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/psychosis\/). This means you may not be able to distinguish your own thoughts and ideas from reality.\n\nYou may have episodes of schizophrenia. This means symptoms can be severe followed by a period where you have few symptoms or none at all. About one third of people recover completely from schizophrenia after one episode.\n\n## How to get urgent mental health support\nSupport is available if you or someone you know is having a mental health crisis or emergency, no matter what you’re going through.\n\n[Find out where to get urgent mental health support](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/mental-health-support\/get-urgent-mental-health-help\/)\n\n### Speak to your GP practice if you have:\n- changes in your thoughts or behaviour that last a long time or impact your everyday life\n- been diagnosed with schizophrenia and treatments are not helping (or speak to your mental health specialist if you have one)\n\nIf you’re worried about someone else, encourage them to speak to their GP or phone 111 yourself for advice.\n## Diagnosing schizophrenia\nIf you’re experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia, speak to your GP practice as soon as possible. They’ll ask about your symptoms and check they’re not caused by something else.\n\nYour GP will ask you questions and assess your symptoms further. They may refer you to a mental health specialist.\n\n### Conditions with similar symptoms\nThere are some conditions that have similar symptoms to schizophrenia. This includes:\n\n- [bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/bipolar-disorder\/)\n- schizoaffective disorder\n- some types of [personality disorder](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/personality-disorder\/)\n\nIt’s also possible to have an episode of [psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/psychosis\/) without having schizophrenia.\n\nThis means it can be difficult to find a diagnosis to fit your specific experiences. It also means you may have more than one diagnosis at once.\n\n## Treatment for schizophrenia\n[Antipsychotic medication](https:\/\/www.rcpsych.ac.uk\/mental-health\/treatments-and-wellbeing\/antipsychotics) is often used to treat schizophrenia. [Psychological treatments](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/tests-and-treatments\/counselling-and-therapies\/what-is-psychological-therapy) might also be offered. This can help to reduce the impact that it has on your life.\n\nPsychological treatments include:\n\n- cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) – aims to reduce the impact of voice hearing, unusual beliefs and fear on peoples lives\n- family therapy – informal meetings to help you and your family cope with your condition\n- arts therapy – work with an arts therapist to express your experiences with schizophrenia\n### Community mental health teams (CMHTs)\nPeople with schizophrenia are usually treated by CMHTs. They work with your GP and are made up of different mental health professionals, including:\n\n- social workers\n- community mental health nurses\n- occupational therapists\n- community support workers\n- psychologists\n- psychiatrists\n\nCMHTs provide day-to-day support and treatment. They also help to ensure you have as much independence as possible.\n\n## Dealing with an episode of schizophrenia\nPeople with severe episodes of schizophrenia may need more care. For example, through a Crisis Resolution Team (CRT) or Intensive Home Treatment Team.\n\nThese teams aim to treat people outside of a hospital. They also plan care for when the crisis has passed.\n\nYour healthcare team should provide you with contact information in case of a crisis.\n\nIn severe episodes of schizophrenia, you might need hospital care. If you refuse care, the [Mental Health (Scotland) Act 2015](https:\/\/www.mwcscot.org.uk\/law-and-rights\/mental-health-act) could be used to ensure you get treatment.\n\n### Advance statements\nYou may want to write an advance statement if you’re at risk of a serious episode of schizophrenia. This records your preferences about your care. Your healthcare team must consider your preferences when giving you treatment.\n\nIf you want to make an advance statement, talk to your healthcare team.\n\n## What causes schizophrenia?\nIt’s not known exactly what causes schizophrenia. A combination of factors may make you more likely to develop the condition. This includes:\n\n- genetics\n- differences in brain structure and chemicals\n- complications in pregnancy or after birth\n- trauma, including sexual and emotional abuse and neglect\n\nIf you’re already vulnerable to schizophrenia, a psychotic episode can then be triggered by:\n\n- a stressful life event\n- drug use\n\nIt’s not known why some people develop symptoms while others don’t.\n\n## Support with schizophrenia\nIt can be helpful to talk to others about your condition. It’s a good way to share experiences and get support.\n\nYou can get support from organisations and local support groups like:\n\n- [Change Mental Health](https:\/\/changemh.org\/advice-and-support\/)\n- [Scottish Action for Mental Health (SAMH)](https:\/\/www.samh.org.uk\/find-help)\n## Looking after your health\nThe chance of a severe relapse can be reduced if schizophrenia is well managed. There are some things that can help.\n\n### Do\n- try to have a regular rouine\n- get plenty of sleep\n- eat a healthy diet\n- exerxise regularly\n- avoid smoking\n\n### Don’t\n- do not take recreational drugs\n- do not drink too much alcohol\n## Living with schizophrenia\nEven if you do not have a job or are unable to work, it’s still important to go out and do everyday things. This can give structure to your week.\n\nAn occupational therapist might be able to support you to establish a daily routine.\n\nIn some places, community facilities offer a range of activities to help you get active again and spend time with other people. Speak to your healthcare professional about what options might be available to you.\n\nWork projects may also be an option to help develop your work skills and support you back into work. For example, read about [SAMH’s individual placement and support services](https:\/\/www.samh.org.uk\/about-us\/our-work\/individual-placement-and-support-ips-services2).\n\nSome people with schizophrenia may be given supported accommodation. This means there will be someone around who’s trained to support you. They can also help you deal with day-to-day problems.\n\n## Schizophrenia warning signs\nThe warning signs that you’re becoming unwell will be different for everyone.\n\nIt could include:\n\n- feeling anxious or stressed\n- poor sleep\n- hearing quiet voices\n- finding it hard to concentrate\n- avoiding people\n- feeling suspicious or fearful\n\nIf you notice warning signs, ask for help.\n\n## Living with or caring for a friend or family member\nLiving with or caring for someone with schizophrenia can have a big positive impact on their recovery. But, the person’s behaviour may change and relationships can feel the strain.\n\nYou may find it helpful to talk to a support group. You can also contact a psychologist and ask for family therapy, if needed.\n\nChange Mental Health can help you get the [mental health support](https:\/\/changemh.org\/need-support\/) you need.\n\nSAMH have further information and support on [being there for someone](https:\/\/www.samh.org.uk\/about-mental-health\/being-there-for-someone).\n***\n![NHS 24 Logo](https:\/\/appnhs24wp41a8c38064.blob.core.windows.net\/blobappnhs24wp41a8c38064\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/nhs24logotrim.png)\n\nSource:  [NHS 24 - Opens in new browser window](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/editorial-policy)\n\nLast updated:   \n 17 December 2025\n\n[How can we improve this page?]()\n\n## Help us improve NHS inform\n## Thank You\nYour feedback has been received\n\nAdd this page to Info For Me\n\n### Also on NHS inform\n- [Psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/psychosis\/)\n- [Counselling and therapies](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/tests-and-treatments\/counselling-and-therapies\/)\n\n### Other health sites\n- [Mental Health Foundation](http:\/\/www.mentalhealth.org.uk\/)\n- [Turning Point](http:\/\/www.turning-point.co.uk\/)\n- [Scottish Action for Mental Health (SAMH)](https:\/\/www.samh.org.uk\/)\n\n[![National Health Service 24](https:\/\/appnhs24wp41a8c38064.blob.core.windows.net\/blobappnhs24wp41a8c38064\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/nhs-24-white.svg)](https:\/\/www.nhs24.scot\/)\n\n### NHS inform\n- [About NHS inform](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/about-nhs-inform\/)\n- [Editorial policy](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/editorial-policy\/)\n- [How this information was written](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/how-this-information-was-written\/)\n\n- [Webchat](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/webchat\/)\n- [Give feedback about NHS inform](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/feedback\/)\n- [Info for Me tool](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/info-for-me-tool\/)\n\n- [Terms and conditions](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/terms-and-conditions\/)\n- [Privacy and cookies policy](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/privacy-and-cookies-policy\/)\n- [Freedom of information (FOI)](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/freedom-of-information-foi\/)\n\n- [Accessibility](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/accessibility\/)\n- [Other languages and formats](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/translations\/)\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/contact-us\/)\n\n[![BSL Logo](https:\/\/appnhs24wp41a8c38064.blob.core.windows.net\/blobappnhs24wp41a8c38064\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/bsl-logo.svg)](http:\/\/contactscotland-bsl.org\/download\/)\n\n© 2026 NHS 24 – v1.1.1.17852","attrs_readable_markdown":"Schizophrenia is a serious mental health condition. It causes a range of different psychological symptoms.\n\n## Symptoms of schizophrenia\nPeople experience symptoms of schizophrenia in different ways. They may start suddenly or develop slowly over time.\n\nSymptoms of schizophrenia can include:\n\n- hallucinations – hearing voices or seeing things that other people can’t\n- delusions – unusual beliefs that are not based on reality that other people might find difficult to understand\n- muddled thoughts and speech\n- a lack of interest in things\n- not wanting to look after yourself\n- difficulty with day-to-day activities\n- wanting to avoid people\n- feeling disconnected from your emotions\n- worrying that other people may wish you harm\n- difficulty concentrating\n- feeling fearful or worried\n\nSchizophrenia is often described as a [psychotic illness](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/psychosis\/). This means you may not be able to distinguish your own thoughts and ideas from reality.\n\nYou may have episodes of schizophrenia. This means symptoms can be severe followed by a period where you have few symptoms or none at all. About one third of people recover completely from schizophrenia after one episode.\n\n## How to get urgent mental health support\nSupport is available if you or someone you know is having a mental health crisis or emergency, no matter what you’re going through.\n\n[Find out where to get urgent mental health support](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/mental-health-support\/get-urgent-mental-health-help\/)\n\n### Speak to your GP practice if you have:\n- changes in your thoughts or behaviour that last a long time or impact your everyday life\n- been diagnosed with schizophrenia and treatments are not helping (or speak to your mental health specialist if you have one)\n\nIf you’re worried about someone else, encourage them to speak to their GP or phone 111 yourself for advice.\n## Diagnosing schizophrenia\nIf you’re experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia, speak to your GP practice as soon as possible. They’ll ask about your symptoms and check they’re not caused by something else.\n\nYour GP will ask you questions and assess your symptoms further. They may refer you to a mental health specialist.\n\n### Conditions with similar symptoms\nThere are some conditions that have similar symptoms to schizophrenia. This includes:\n\n- [bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/bipolar-disorder\/)\n- schizoaffective disorder\n- some types of [personality disorder](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/personality-disorder\/)\n\nIt’s also possible to have an episode of [psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/illnesses-and-conditions\/mental-health\/psychosis\/) without having schizophrenia.\n\nThis means it can be difficult to find a diagnosis to fit your specific experiences. It also means you may have more than one diagnosis at once.\n\n## Treatment for schizophrenia\n[Antipsychotic medication](https:\/\/www.rcpsych.ac.uk\/mental-health\/treatments-and-wellbeing\/antipsychotics) is often used to treat schizophrenia. [Psychological treatments](https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/tests-and-treatments\/counselling-and-therapies\/what-is-psychological-therapy) might also be offered. This can help to reduce the impact that it has on your life.\n\nPsychological treatments include:\n\n- cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) – aims to reduce the impact of voice hearing, unusual beliefs and fear on peoples lives\n- family therapy – informal meetings to help you and your family cope with your condition\n- arts therapy – work with an arts therapist to express your experiences with schizophrenia\n### Community mental health teams (CMHTs)\nPeople with schizophrenia are usually treated by CMHTs. They work with your GP and are made up of different mental health professionals, including:\n\n- social workers\n- community mental health nurses\n- occupational therapists\n- community support workers\n- psychologists\n- psychiatrists\n\nCMHTs provide day-to-day support and treatment. They also help to ensure you have as much independence as possible.\n\n## Dealing with an episode of schizophrenia\nPeople with severe episodes of schizophrenia may need more care. For example, through a Crisis Resolution Team (CRT) or Intensive Home Treatment Team.\n\nThese teams aim to treat people outside of a hospital. They also plan care for when the crisis has passed.\n\nYour healthcare team should provide you with contact information in case of a crisis.\n\nIn severe episodes of schizophrenia, you might need hospital care. If you refuse care, the [Mental Health (Scotland) Act 2015](https:\/\/www.mwcscot.org.uk\/law-and-rights\/mental-health-act) could be used to ensure you get treatment.\n\n### Advance statements\nYou may want to write an advance statement if you’re at risk of a serious episode of schizophrenia. This records your preferences about your care. Your healthcare team must consider your preferences when giving you treatment.\n\nIf you want to make an advance statement, talk to your healthcare team.\n\n## What causes schizophrenia?\nIt’s not known exactly what causes schizophrenia. A combination of factors may make you more likely to develop the condition. This includes:\n\n- genetics\n- differences in brain structure and chemicals\n- complications in pregnancy or after birth\n- trauma, including sexual and emotional abuse and neglect\n\nIf you’re already vulnerable to schizophrenia, a psychotic episode can then be triggered by:\n\n- a stressful life event\n- drug use\n\nIt’s not known why some people develop symptoms while others don’t.\n\n## Support with schizophrenia\nIt can be helpful to talk to others about your condition. It’s a good way to share experiences and get support.\n\nYou can get support from organisations and local support groups like:\n\n- [Change Mental Health](https:\/\/changemh.org\/advice-and-support\/)\n- [Scottish Action for Mental Health (SAMH)](https:\/\/www.samh.org.uk\/find-help)\n## Looking after your health\nThe chance of a severe relapse can be reduced if schizophrenia is well managed. There are some things that can help.\n\n### Do\n- try to have a regular rouine\n- get plenty of sleep\n- eat a healthy diet\n- exerxise regularly\n- avoid smoking\n\n### Don’t\n- do not take recreational drugs\n- do not drink too much alcohol\n## Living with schizophrenia\nEven if you do not have a job or are unable to work, it’s still important to go out and do everyday things. This can give structure to your week.\n\nAn occupational therapist might be able to support you to establish a daily routine.\n\nIn some places, community facilities offer a range of activities to help you get active again and spend time with other people. Speak to your healthcare professional about what options might be available to you.\n\nWork projects may also be an option to help develop your work skills and support you back into work. For example, read about [SAMH’s individual placement and support services](https:\/\/www.samh.org.uk\/about-us\/our-work\/individual-placement-and-support-ips-services2).\n\nSome people with schizophrenia may be given supported accommodation. This means there will be someone around who’s trained to support you. They can also help you deal with day-to-day problems.\n\n## Schizophrenia warning signs\nThe warning signs that you’re becoming unwell will be different for everyone.\n\nIt could include:\n\n- feeling anxious or stressed\n- poor sleep\n- hearing quiet voices\n- finding it hard to concentrate\n- avoiding people\n- feeling suspicious or fearful\n\nIf you notice warning signs, ask for help.\n\n## Living with or caring for a friend or family member\nLiving with or caring for someone with schizophrenia can have a big positive impact on their recovery. But, the person’s behaviour may change and relationships can feel the strain.\n\nYou may find it helpful to talk to a support group. You can also contact a psychologist and ask for family therapy, if needed.\n\nChange Mental Health can help you get the [mental health support](https:\/\/changemh.org\/need-support\/) you need.\n\nSAMH have further information and support on [being there for someone](https:\/\/www.samh.org.uk\/about-mental-health\/being-there-for-someone).","meta_canonical":null}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

6 days ago

🤖

ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	0.2 months ago
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

Property	Value
URL	https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/schizophrenia/
Last Crawled	2026-04-13 10:29:16 (6 days ago)
First Indexed	2017-06-02 07:19:14 (8 years ago)
HTTP Status Code	200
Meta Title	Schizophrenia \| NHS inform
Meta Description	Schizophrenia is a long-term mental health condition often described as a psychotic illness. Learn about its symptoms and treatments.
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	Schizophrenia is a serious mental health condition. It causes a range of different psychological symptoms. Symptoms of schizophrenia People experience symptoms of schizophrenia in different ways. They may start suddenly or develop slowly over time. Symptoms of schizophrenia can include: hallucinations – hearing voices or seeing things that other people can’t delusions – unusual beliefs that are not based on reality that other people might find difficult to understand muddled thoughts and speech a lack of interest in things not wanting to look after yourself difficulty with day-to-day activities wanting to avoid people feeling disconnected from your emotions worrying that other people may wish you harm difficulty concentrating feeling fearful or worried Schizophrenia is often described as a psychotic illness . This means you may not be able to distinguish your own thoughts and ideas from reality. You may have episodes of schizophrenia. This means symptoms can be severe followed by a period where you have few symptoms or none at all. About one third of people recover completely from schizophrenia after one episode. How to get urgent mental health support Support is available if you or someone you know is having a mental health crisis or emergency, no matter what you’re going through. Find out where to get urgent mental health support Speak to your GP practice if you have: changes in your thoughts or behaviour that last a long time or impact your everyday life been diagnosed with schizophrenia and treatments are not helping (or speak to your mental health specialist if you have one) If you’re worried about someone else, encourage them to speak to their GP or phone 111 yourself for advice. Diagnosing schizophrenia If you’re experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia, speak to your GP practice as soon as possible. They’ll ask about your symptoms and check they’re not caused by something else. Your GP will ask you questions and assess your symptoms further. They may refer you to a mental health specialist. Conditions with similar symptoms There are some conditions that have similar symptoms to schizophrenia. This includes: bipolar disorder schizoaffective disorder some types of personality disorder It’s also possible to have an episode of psychosis without having schizophrenia. This means it can be difficult to find a diagnosis to fit your specific experiences. It also means you may have more than one diagnosis at once. Treatment for schizophrenia Antipsychotic medication is often used to treat schizophrenia. Psychological treatments might also be offered. This can help to reduce the impact that it has on your life. Psychological treatments include: cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) – aims to reduce the impact of voice hearing, unusual beliefs and fear on peoples lives family therapy – informal meetings to help you and your family cope with your condition arts therapy – work with an arts therapist to express your experiences with schizophrenia Community mental health teams (CMHTs) People with schizophrenia are usually treated by CMHTs. They work with your GP and are made up of different mental health professionals, including: social workers community mental health nurses occupational therapists community support workers psychologists psychiatrists CMHTs provide day-to-day support and treatment. They also help to ensure you have as much independence as possible. Dealing with an episode of schizophrenia People with severe episodes of schizophrenia may need more care. For example, through a Crisis Resolution Team (CRT) or Intensive Home Treatment Team. These teams aim to treat people outside of a hospital. They also plan care for when the crisis has passed. Your healthcare team should provide you with contact information in case of a crisis. In severe episodes of schizophrenia, you might need hospital care. If you refuse care, the Mental Health (Scotland) Act 2015 could be used to ensure you get treatment. Advance statements You may want to write an advance statement if you’re at risk of a serious episode of schizophrenia. This records your preferences about your care. Your healthcare team must consider your preferences when giving you treatment. If you want to make an advance statement, talk to your healthcare team. What causes schizophrenia? It’s not known exactly what causes schizophrenia. A combination of factors may make you more likely to develop the condition. This includes: genetics differences in brain structure and chemicals complications in pregnancy or after birth trauma, including sexual and emotional abuse and neglect If you’re already vulnerable to schizophrenia, a psychotic episode can then be triggered by: a stressful life event drug use It’s not known why some people develop symptoms while others don’t. Support with schizophrenia It can be helpful to talk to others about your condition. It’s a good way to share experiences and get support. You can get support from organisations and local support groups like: Change Mental Health Scottish Action for Mental Health (SAMH) Looking after your health The chance of a severe relapse can be reduced if schizophrenia is well managed. There are some things that can help. Do try to have a regular rouine get plenty of sleep eat a healthy diet exerxise regularly avoid smoking Don’t do not take recreational drugs do not drink too much alcohol Living with schizophrenia Even if you do not have a job or are unable to work, it’s still important to go out and do everyday things. This can give structure to your week. An occupational therapist might be able to support you to establish a daily routine. In some places, community facilities offer a range of activities to help you get active again and spend time with other people. Speak to your healthcare professional about what options might be available to you. Work projects may also be an option to help develop your work skills and support you back into work. For example, read about SAMH’s individual placement and support services . Some people with schizophrenia may be given supported accommodation. This means there will be someone around who’s trained to support you. They can also help you deal with day-to-day problems. Schizophrenia warning signs The warning signs that you’re becoming unwell will be different for everyone. It could include: feeling anxious or stressed poor sleep hearing quiet voices finding it hard to concentrate avoiding people feeling suspicious or fearful If you notice warning signs, ask for help. Living with or caring for a friend or family member Living with or caring for someone with schizophrenia can have a big positive impact on their recovery. But, the person’s behaviour may change and relationships can feel the strain. You may find it helpful to talk to a support group. You can also contact a psychologist and ask for family therapy, if needed. Change Mental Health can help you get the mental health support you need. SAMH have further information and support on being there for someone .
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It causes a range of different psychological symptoms. ## Symptoms of schizophrenia People experience symptoms of schizophrenia in different ways. They may start suddenly or develop slowly over time. Symptoms of schizophrenia can include: - hallucinations – hearing voices or seeing things that other people can’t - delusions – unusual beliefs that are not based on reality that other people might find difficult to understand - muddled thoughts and speech - a lack of interest in things - not wanting to look after yourself - difficulty with day-to-day activities - wanting to avoid people - feeling disconnected from your emotions - worrying that other people may wish you harm - difficulty concentrating - feeling fearful or worried Schizophrenia is often described as a [psychotic illness](https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/psychosis/). This means you may not be able to distinguish your own thoughts and ideas from reality. You may have episodes of schizophrenia. This means symptoms can be severe followed by a period where you have few symptoms or none at all. About one third of people recover completely from schizophrenia after one episode. ## How to get urgent mental health support Support is available if you or someone you know is having a mental health crisis or emergency, no matter what you’re going through. [Find out where to get urgent mental health support](https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/mental-health-support/get-urgent-mental-health-help/) ### Speak to your GP practice if you have: - changes in your thoughts or behaviour that last a long time or impact your everyday life - been diagnosed with schizophrenia and treatments are not helping (or speak to your mental health specialist if you have one) If you’re worried about someone else, encourage them to speak to their GP or phone 111 yourself for advice. ## Diagnosing schizophrenia If you’re experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia, speak to your GP practice as soon as possible. They’ll ask about your symptoms and check they’re not caused by something else. Your GP will ask you questions and assess your symptoms further. They may refer you to a mental health specialist. ### Conditions with similar symptoms There are some conditions that have similar symptoms to schizophrenia. This includes: - [bipolar disorder](https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/bipolar-disorder/) - schizoaffective disorder - some types of [personality disorder](https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/personality-disorder/) It’s also possible to have an episode of [psychosis](https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/psychosis/) without having schizophrenia. This means it can be difficult to find a diagnosis to fit your specific experiences. It also means you may have more than one diagnosis at once. ## Treatment for schizophrenia [Antipsychotic medication](https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/treatments-and-wellbeing/antipsychotics) is often used to treat schizophrenia. [Psychological treatments](https://www.nhsinform.scot/tests-and-treatments/counselling-and-therapies/what-is-psychological-therapy) might also be offered. This can help to reduce the impact that it has on your life. Psychological treatments include: - cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) – aims to reduce the impact of voice hearing, unusual beliefs and fear on peoples lives - family therapy – informal meetings to help you and your family cope with your condition - arts therapy – work with an arts therapist to express your experiences with schizophrenia ### Community mental health teams (CMHTs) People with schizophrenia are usually treated by CMHTs. They work with your GP and are made up of different mental health professionals, including: - social workers - community mental health nurses - occupational therapists - community support workers - psychologists - psychiatrists CMHTs provide day-to-day support and treatment. They also help to ensure you have as much independence as possible. ## Dealing with an episode of schizophrenia People with severe episodes of schizophrenia may need more care. For example, through a Crisis Resolution Team (CRT) or Intensive Home Treatment Team. These teams aim to treat people outside of a hospital. They also plan care for when the crisis has passed. Your healthcare team should provide you with contact information in case of a crisis. In severe episodes of schizophrenia, you might need hospital care. If you refuse care, the [Mental Health (Scotland) Act 2015](https://www.mwcscot.org.uk/law-and-rights/mental-health-act) could be used to ensure you get treatment. ### Advance statements You may want to write an advance statement if you’re at risk of a serious episode of schizophrenia. This records your preferences about your care. Your healthcare team must consider your preferences when giving you treatment. If you want to make an advance statement, talk to your healthcare team. ## What causes schizophrenia? It’s not known exactly what causes schizophrenia. A combination of factors may make you more likely to develop the condition. This includes: - genetics - differences in brain structure and chemicals - complications in pregnancy or after birth - trauma, including sexual and emotional abuse and neglect If you’re already vulnerable to schizophrenia, a psychotic episode can then be triggered by: - a stressful life event - drug use It’s not known why some people develop symptoms while others don’t. ## Support with schizophrenia It can be helpful to talk to others about your condition. It’s a good way to share experiences and get support. You can get support from organisations and local support groups like: - [Change Mental Health](https://changemh.org/advice-and-support/) - [Scottish Action for Mental Health (SAMH)](https://www.samh.org.uk/find-help) ## Looking after your health The chance of a severe relapse can be reduced if schizophrenia is well managed. There are some things that can help. ### Do - try to have a regular rouine - get plenty of sleep - eat a healthy diet - exerxise regularly - avoid smoking ### Don’t - do not take recreational drugs - do not drink too much alcohol ## Living with schizophrenia Even if you do not have a job or are unable to work, it’s still important to go out and do everyday things. This can give structure to your week. An occupational therapist might be able to support you to establish a daily routine. In some places, community facilities offer a range of activities to help you get active again and spend time with other people. Speak to your healthcare professional about what options might be available to you. Work projects may also be an option to help develop your work skills and support you back into work. For example, read about [SAMH’s individual placement and support services](https://www.samh.org.uk/about-us/our-work/individual-placement-and-support-ips-services2). Some people with schizophrenia may be given supported accommodation. This means there will be someone around who’s trained to support you. They can also help you deal with day-to-day problems. ## Schizophrenia warning signs The warning signs that you’re becoming unwell will be different for everyone. It could include: - feeling anxious or stressed - poor sleep - hearing quiet voices - finding it hard to concentrate - avoiding people - feeling suspicious or fearful If you notice warning signs, ask for help. ## Living with or caring for a friend or family member Living with or caring for someone with schizophrenia can have a big positive impact on their recovery. But, the person’s behaviour may change and relationships can feel the strain. You may find it helpful to talk to a support group. You can also contact a psychologist and ask for family therapy, if needed. Change Mental Health can help you get the [mental health support](https://changemh.org/need-support/) you need. SAMH have further information and support on [being there for someone](https://www.samh.org.uk/about-mental-health/being-there-for-someone). *** ![NHS 24 Logo](https://appnhs24wp41a8c38064.blob.core.windows.net/blobappnhs24wp41a8c38064/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/nhs24logotrim.png) Source: [NHS 24 - Opens in new browser window](https://www.nhsinform.scot/editorial-policy) Last updated: 17 December 2025 [How can we improve this page?]() ## Help us improve NHS inform ## Thank You Your feedback has been received Add this page to Info For Me ### Also on NHS inform - [Psychosis](https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/psychosis/) - [Counselling and therapies](https://www.nhsinform.scot/tests-and-treatments/counselling-and-therapies/) ### Other health sites - [Mental Health Foundation](http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/) - [Turning Point](http://www.turning-point.co.uk/) - [Scottish Action for Mental Health (SAMH)](https://www.samh.org.uk/) [![National Health Service 24](https://appnhs24wp41a8c38064.blob.core.windows.net/blobappnhs24wp41a8c38064/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/nhs-24-white.svg)](https://www.nhs24.scot/) ### NHS inform - [About NHS inform](https://www.nhsinform.scot/about-nhs-inform/) - [Editorial policy](https://www.nhsinform.scot/editorial-policy/) - [How this information was written](https://www.nhsinform.scot/how-this-information-was-written/) - [Webchat](https://www.nhsinform.scot/webchat/) - [Give feedback about NHS inform](https://www.nhsinform.scot/feedback/) - [Info for Me tool](https://www.nhsinform.scot/info-for-me-tool/) - [Terms and conditions](https://www.nhsinform.scot/terms-and-conditions/) - [Privacy and cookies policy](https://www.nhsinform.scot/privacy-and-cookies-policy/) - [Freedom of information (FOI)](https://www.nhsinform.scot/freedom-of-information-foi/) - [Accessibility](https://www.nhsinform.scot/accessibility/) - [Other languages and formats](https://www.nhsinform.scot/translations/) - [Contact us](https://www.nhsinform.scot/contact-us/) [![BSL Logo](https://appnhs24wp41a8c38064.blob.core.windows.net/blobappnhs24wp41a8c38064/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/bsl-logo.svg)](http://contactscotland-bsl.org/download/) © 2026 NHS 24 – v1.1.1.17852
Readable Markdown	Schizophrenia is a serious mental health condition. It causes a range of different psychological symptoms. ## Symptoms of schizophrenia People experience symptoms of schizophrenia in different ways. They may start suddenly or develop slowly over time. Symptoms of schizophrenia can include: - hallucinations – hearing voices or seeing things that other people can’t - delusions – unusual beliefs that are not based on reality that other people might find difficult to understand - muddled thoughts and speech - a lack of interest in things - not wanting to look after yourself - difficulty with day-to-day activities - wanting to avoid people - feeling disconnected from your emotions - worrying that other people may wish you harm - difficulty concentrating - feeling fearful or worried Schizophrenia is often described as a [psychotic illness](https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/psychosis/). This means you may not be able to distinguish your own thoughts and ideas from reality. You may have episodes of schizophrenia. This means symptoms can be severe followed by a period where you have few symptoms or none at all. About one third of people recover completely from schizophrenia after one episode. ## How to get urgent mental health support Support is available if you or someone you know is having a mental health crisis or emergency, no matter what you’re going through. [Find out where to get urgent mental health support](https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/mental-health-support/get-urgent-mental-health-help/) ### Speak to your GP practice if you have: - changes in your thoughts or behaviour that last a long time or impact your everyday life - been diagnosed with schizophrenia and treatments are not helping (or speak to your mental health specialist if you have one) If you’re worried about someone else, encourage them to speak to their GP or phone 111 yourself for advice. ## Diagnosing schizophrenia If you’re experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia, speak to your GP practice as soon as possible. They’ll ask about your symptoms and check they’re not caused by something else. Your GP will ask you questions and assess your symptoms further. They may refer you to a mental health specialist. ### Conditions with similar symptoms There are some conditions that have similar symptoms to schizophrenia. This includes: - [bipolar disorder](https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/bipolar-disorder/) - schizoaffective disorder - some types of [personality disorder](https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/personality-disorder/) It’s also possible to have an episode of [psychosis](https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/psychosis/) without having schizophrenia. This means it can be difficult to find a diagnosis to fit your specific experiences. It also means you may have more than one diagnosis at once. ## Treatment for schizophrenia [Antipsychotic medication](https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/treatments-and-wellbeing/antipsychotics) is often used to treat schizophrenia. [Psychological treatments](https://www.nhsinform.scot/tests-and-treatments/counselling-and-therapies/what-is-psychological-therapy) might also be offered. This can help to reduce the impact that it has on your life. Psychological treatments include: - cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) – aims to reduce the impact of voice hearing, unusual beliefs and fear on peoples lives - family therapy – informal meetings to help you and your family cope with your condition - arts therapy – work with an arts therapist to express your experiences with schizophrenia ### Community mental health teams (CMHTs) People with schizophrenia are usually treated by CMHTs. They work with your GP and are made up of different mental health professionals, including: - social workers - community mental health nurses - occupational therapists - community support workers - psychologists - psychiatrists CMHTs provide day-to-day support and treatment. They also help to ensure you have as much independence as possible. ## Dealing with an episode of schizophrenia People with severe episodes of schizophrenia may need more care. For example, through a Crisis Resolution Team (CRT) or Intensive Home Treatment Team. These teams aim to treat people outside of a hospital. They also plan care for when the crisis has passed. Your healthcare team should provide you with contact information in case of a crisis. In severe episodes of schizophrenia, you might need hospital care. If you refuse care, the [Mental Health (Scotland) Act 2015](https://www.mwcscot.org.uk/law-and-rights/mental-health-act) could be used to ensure you get treatment. ### Advance statements You may want to write an advance statement if you’re at risk of a serious episode of schizophrenia. This records your preferences about your care. Your healthcare team must consider your preferences when giving you treatment. If you want to make an advance statement, talk to your healthcare team. ## What causes schizophrenia? It’s not known exactly what causes schizophrenia. A combination of factors may make you more likely to develop the condition. This includes: - genetics - differences in brain structure and chemicals - complications in pregnancy or after birth - trauma, including sexual and emotional abuse and neglect If you’re already vulnerable to schizophrenia, a psychotic episode can then be triggered by: - a stressful life event - drug use It’s not known why some people develop symptoms while others don’t. ## Support with schizophrenia It can be helpful to talk to others about your condition. It’s a good way to share experiences and get support. You can get support from organisations and local support groups like: - [Change Mental Health](https://changemh.org/advice-and-support/) - [Scottish Action for Mental Health (SAMH)](https://www.samh.org.uk/find-help) ## Looking after your health The chance of a severe relapse can be reduced if schizophrenia is well managed. There are some things that can help. ### Do - try to have a regular rouine - get plenty of sleep - eat a healthy diet - exerxise regularly - avoid smoking ### Don’t - do not take recreational drugs - do not drink too much alcohol ## Living with schizophrenia Even if you do not have a job or are unable to work, it’s still important to go out and do everyday things. This can give structure to your week. An occupational therapist might be able to support you to establish a daily routine. In some places, community facilities offer a range of activities to help you get active again and spend time with other people. Speak to your healthcare professional about what options might be available to you. Work projects may also be an option to help develop your work skills and support you back into work. For example, read about [SAMH’s individual placement and support services](https://www.samh.org.uk/about-us/our-work/individual-placement-and-support-ips-services2). Some people with schizophrenia may be given supported accommodation. This means there will be someone around who’s trained to support you. They can also help you deal with day-to-day problems. ## Schizophrenia warning signs The warning signs that you’re becoming unwell will be different for everyone. It could include: - feeling anxious or stressed - poor sleep - hearing quiet voices - finding it hard to concentrate - avoiding people - feeling suspicious or fearful If you notice warning signs, ask for help. ## Living with or caring for a friend or family member Living with or caring for someone with schizophrenia can have a big positive impact on their recovery. But, the person’s behaviour may change and relationships can feel the strain. You may find it helpful to talk to a support group. You can also contact a psychologist and ask for family therapy, if needed. Change Mental Health can help you get the [mental health support](https://changemh.org/need-support/) you need. SAMH have further information and support on [being there for someone](https://www.samh.org.uk/about-mental-health/being-there-for-someone).
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