🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 75 (from laksa138)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa075.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/causes/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/causes/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/causes\/","crawl_time":1776027378,"first_indexed_time":1615451072,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"uk,nhs,www!\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/causes\/ s443","src_root_hash":"11359509702434384875","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Causes - Psychosis - NHS","meta_descriptions":["Read about the causes of psychosis. Psychosis can be caused by psychological conditions, general medical conditions, or alcohol or drug misuse."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Psychosis can be caused by a mental (psychological) condition, a general medical condition, or alcohol or drug misuse.\nPsychological causes\nThe following conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people:\nschizophrenia\n – a mental health condition that causes hallucinations and delusions\nbipolar disorder\n – a person with bipolar disorder can have episodes of low mood (depression) and highs or elated mood (mania)\nsevere \nstress\nor \nanxiety\nsevere \ndepression\n – feelings of persistent sadness, including\npostnatal depression\n, which some women experience after having a baby\nlack of sleep\nThe underlying psychological cause often influences the type of psychotic episode someone experiences.\nFor example, a person with bipolar disorder is more likely to have grandiose delusions. Someone with depression or schizophrenia is more likely to develop persecutory delusions.\nSee\nsymptoms of psychosis\nfor more information on delusions.\nGeneral medical conditions\nThe following medical conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people:\nHIV and AIDS\nmalaria\nsyphilis\nAlzheimer's disease\nParkinson's disease\nhypoglycaemia\n (an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood)\nlupus\nmultiple sclerosis\nbrain tumour\nsudden illness or injury, such as a high temperature or a head injury\nSubstances\nAlcohol misuse\n and \ndrug misuse\ncan trigger a psychotic episode.\nA person can also experience a psychotic episode if they suddenly stop drinking alcohol or taking drugs after using them for a long time. This is known as withdrawal.\nIt's also possible to experience psychosis after drinking large amounts of alcohol or if you're high on drugs.\nDrugs known to trigger psychotic episodes include:\ncocaine\namphetamine (speed)\nmethamphetamine (crystal meth)\nmephedrone (MCAT or miaow)\nMDMA (ecstasy)\ncannabis\nLSD (acid)\npsilocybins (magic mushrooms)\nketamine\nMedicine\nIn rare situations, psychosis can also occur as a side effect of some types of medicine or as a result of an overdose of that medicine.\nNever stop taking a prescribed medicine unless advised to do so by a GP or another qualified healthcare professional responsible for your care.\nSee a GP if you're experiencing psychotic side effects caused by medicine.\nThe brain\nThere's been a great deal of research into how psychosis affects the brain and how changes in the brain can trigger\nsymptoms of psychosis\n.\nIt’s thought psychosis may be linked to increased activity of neurotransmitters in the brain.\nNeurotransmitters, like dopamine, are chemicals that help send information inside the brain.\nEvidence for the role of dopamine in psychosis comes from the fact medicines known to reduce the effects of dopamine in the brain also reduce the symptoms of psychosis.","attrs_markdown":"\n\n[Skip to main content](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/causes\/#maincontent)\n\n- [Health A to Z](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/health-a-to-z\/)\n- [NHS services](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/nhs-services\/)\n- [Healthy living](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/live-well\/)\n- [Mental health](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/)\n- [Care and support](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/social-care-and-support\/)\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/)\n- Browse More\n\n1. [Home](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/)\n2. [Health A to Z](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/health-a-to-z\/)\n3. [Mental health](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/)\n4. [Mental health conditions](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/)\n5. [Psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/)\n\n[Back to Psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/)\n\n# Causes - Psychosis\n**Psychosis can be caused by a mental (psychological) condition, a general medical condition, or alcohol or drug misuse.**\n\n## Psychological causes\nThe following conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people:\n\n- [schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/schizophrenia\/overview\/) – a mental health condition that causes hallucinations and delusions\n- [bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/bipolar-disorder\/) – a person with bipolar disorder can have episodes of low mood (depression) and highs or elated mood (mania)\n- severe [stress](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/feelings-symptoms-behaviours\/feelings-and-symptoms\/stress\/) or [anxiety](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/feelings-symptoms-behaviours\/feelings-and-symptoms\/anxiety-fear-panic\/)\n- severe [depression](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/depression-in-adults\/overview\/) – feelings of persistent sadness, including [postnatal depression](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/postnatal-depression\/), which some women experience after having a baby\n- lack of sleep\n\nThe underlying psychological cause often influences the type of psychotic episode someone experiences.\n\nFor example, a person with bipolar disorder is more likely to have grandiose delusions. Someone with depression or schizophrenia is more likely to develop persecutory delusions.\n\nSee [symptoms of psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/symptoms\/) for more information on delusions.\n\n## General medical conditions\nThe following medical conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people:\n\n- [HIV and AIDS](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/hiv-and-aids\/)\n- [malaria](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/malaria\/)\n- [syphilis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/syphilis\/)\n- [Alzheimer's disease](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/alzheimers-disease\/)\n- [Parkinson's disease](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/parkinsons-disease\/)\n- [hypoglycaemia](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia\/) (an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood)\n- [lupus](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/lupus\/)\n- [multiple sclerosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/multiple-sclerosis\/)\n- [brain tumour](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/malignant-brain-tumour\/)\n- sudden illness or injury, such as a high temperature or a head injury\n\n## Substances\n[Alcohol misuse](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/alcohol-misuse\/) and [drug misuse](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/live-well\/addiction-support\/drug-addiction-getting-help\/) can trigger a psychotic episode.\n\nA person can also experience a psychotic episode if they suddenly stop drinking alcohol or taking drugs after using them for a long time. This is known as withdrawal.\n\nIt's also possible to experience psychosis after drinking large amounts of alcohol or if you're high on drugs.\n\nDrugs known to trigger psychotic episodes include:\n\n- cocaine\n- amphetamine (speed)\n- methamphetamine (crystal meth)\n- mephedrone (MCAT or miaow)\n- MDMA (ecstasy)\n- cannabis\n- LSD (acid)\n- psilocybins (magic mushrooms)\n- ketamine\n## Medicine\nIn rare situations, psychosis can also occur as a side effect of some types of medicine or as a result of an overdose of that medicine.\n\nNever stop taking a prescribed medicine unless advised to do so by a GP or another qualified healthcare professional responsible for your care.\n\nSee a GP if you're experiencing psychotic side effects caused by medicine.\n\n## The brain\nThere's been a great deal of research into how psychosis affects the brain and how changes in the brain can trigger [symptoms of psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/symptoms\/).\n\nIt’s thought psychosis may be linked to increased activity of neurotransmitters in the brain.\n\nNeurotransmitters, like dopamine, are chemicals that help send information inside the brain.\n\nEvidence for the role of dopamine in psychosis comes from the fact medicines known to reduce the effects of dopamine in the brain also reduce the symptoms of psychosis.\n\n## More in [Psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/)\n- [Overview - Psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/overview\/)\n- [Symptoms - Psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/symptoms\/)\n- Causes - Psychosis\n- [Diagnosis - Psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/diagnosis\/)\n- [Treatment - Psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/treatment\/)\n\nPage last reviewed: 5 September 2023   \n Next review due: 5 September 2026\n\n## Support links\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/)\n- [Health A to Z](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/health-a-to-z\/)\n- [NHS services](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/nhs-services\/)\n- [Healthy living](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/live-well\/)\n- [Mental health](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/)\n- [Care and support](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/social-care-and-support\/)\n- [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/covid-19\/)\n\n- [NHS App](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/nhs-app\/)\n- [Find my NHS number](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/nhs-services\/online-services\/find-nhs-number\/)\n- [View your GP health record](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/nhs-services\/gps\/view-your-gp-health-record\/)\n- [View your test results](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/nhs-services\/online-services\/view-your-test-results\/)\n- [About the NHS](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/using-the-nhs\/about-the-nhs\/)\n- [Healthcare abroad](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/using-the-nhs\/healthcare-abroad\/)\n\n- [Other NHS websites](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/nhs-sites\/)\n- [Profile editor login](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/our-policies\/profile-editor-login\/)\n\n- [About us](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/about-us\/)\n- [Report an issue with the NHS website](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/report-an-issue-with-the-nhs-website)\n- [Accessibility statement](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/accessibility-statement\/)\n- [Our policies](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/our-policies\/)\n- [Cookies](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/our-policies\/choose-your-cookie-settings\/)\n\n© Crown copyright","attrs_readable_markdown":"**Psychosis can be caused by a mental (psychological) condition, a general medical condition, or alcohol or drug misuse.**\n\n## Psychological causes\nThe following conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people:\n\n- [schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/schizophrenia\/overview\/) – a mental health condition that causes hallucinations and delusions\n- [bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/bipolar-disorder\/) – a person with bipolar disorder can have episodes of low mood (depression) and highs or elated mood (mania)\n- severe [stress](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/feelings-symptoms-behaviours\/feelings-and-symptoms\/stress\/) or [anxiety](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/feelings-symptoms-behaviours\/feelings-and-symptoms\/anxiety-fear-panic\/)\n- severe [depression](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/depression-in-adults\/overview\/) – feelings of persistent sadness, including [postnatal depression](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/postnatal-depression\/), which some women experience after having a baby\n- lack of sleep\n\nThe underlying psychological cause often influences the type of psychotic episode someone experiences.\n\nFor example, a person with bipolar disorder is more likely to have grandiose delusions. Someone with depression or schizophrenia is more likely to develop persecutory delusions.\n\nSee [symptoms of psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/symptoms\/) for more information on delusions.\n\n## General medical conditions\nThe following medical conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people:\n\n- [HIV and AIDS](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/hiv-and-aids\/)\n- [malaria](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/malaria\/)\n- [syphilis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/syphilis\/)\n- [Alzheimer's disease](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/alzheimers-disease\/)\n- [Parkinson's disease](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/parkinsons-disease\/)\n- [hypoglycaemia](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia\/) (an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood)\n- [lupus](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/lupus\/)\n- [multiple sclerosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/multiple-sclerosis\/)\n- [brain tumour](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/malignant-brain-tumour\/)\n- sudden illness or injury, such as a high temperature or a head injury\n\n## Substances\n[Alcohol misuse](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/alcohol-misuse\/) and [drug misuse](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/live-well\/addiction-support\/drug-addiction-getting-help\/) can trigger a psychotic episode.\n\nA person can also experience a psychotic episode if they suddenly stop drinking alcohol or taking drugs after using them for a long time. This is known as withdrawal.\n\nIt's also possible to experience psychosis after drinking large amounts of alcohol or if you're high on drugs.\n\nDrugs known to trigger psychotic episodes include:\n\n- cocaine\n- amphetamine (speed)\n- methamphetamine (crystal meth)\n- mephedrone (MCAT or miaow)\n- MDMA (ecstasy)\n- cannabis\n- LSD (acid)\n- psilocybins (magic mushrooms)\n- ketamine\n## Medicine\nIn rare situations, psychosis can also occur as a side effect of some types of medicine or as a result of an overdose of that medicine.\n\nNever stop taking a prescribed medicine unless advised to do so by a GP or another qualified healthcare professional responsible for your care.\n\nSee a GP if you're experiencing psychotic side effects caused by medicine.\n\n## The brain\nThere's been a great deal of research into how psychosis affects the brain and how changes in the brain can trigger [symptoms of psychosis](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/symptoms\/).\n\nIt’s thought psychosis may be linked to increased activity of neurotransmitters in the brain.\n\nNeurotransmitters, like dopamine, are chemicals that help send information inside the brain.\n\nEvidence for the role of dopamine in psychosis comes from the fact medicines known to reduce the effects of dopamine in the brain also reduce the symptoms of psychosis.","meta_canonical":null}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

2 days ago

🤖

ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	0.1 months ago
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

Property	Value
URL	https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/causes/
Last Crawled	2026-04-12 20:56:18 (2 days ago)
First Indexed	2021-03-11 08:24:32 (5 years ago)
HTTP Status Code	200
Meta Title	Causes - Psychosis - NHS
Meta Description	Read about the causes of psychosis. Psychosis can be caused by psychological conditions, general medical conditions, or alcohol or drug misuse.
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	Psychosis can be caused by a mental (psychological) condition, a general medical condition, or alcohol or drug misuse. Psychological causes The following conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people: schizophrenia – a mental health condition that causes hallucinations and delusions bipolar disorder – a person with bipolar disorder can have episodes of low mood (depression) and highs or elated mood (mania) severe stress or anxiety severe depression – feelings of persistent sadness, including postnatal depression , which some women experience after having a baby lack of sleep The underlying psychological cause often influences the type of psychotic episode someone experiences. For example, a person with bipolar disorder is more likely to have grandiose delusions. Someone with depression or schizophrenia is more likely to develop persecutory delusions. See symptoms of psychosis for more information on delusions. General medical conditions The following medical conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people: HIV and AIDS malaria syphilis Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease hypoglycaemia (an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood) lupus multiple sclerosis brain tumour sudden illness or injury, such as a high temperature or a head injury Substances Alcohol misuse and drug misuse can trigger a psychotic episode. A person can also experience a psychotic episode if they suddenly stop drinking alcohol or taking drugs after using them for a long time. This is known as withdrawal. It's also possible to experience psychosis after drinking large amounts of alcohol or if you're high on drugs. Drugs known to trigger psychotic episodes include: cocaine amphetamine (speed) methamphetamine (crystal meth) mephedrone (MCAT or miaow) MDMA (ecstasy) cannabis LSD (acid) psilocybins (magic mushrooms) ketamine Medicine In rare situations, psychosis can also occur as a side effect of some types of medicine or as a result of an overdose of that medicine. Never stop taking a prescribed medicine unless advised to do so by a GP or another qualified healthcare professional responsible for your care. See a GP if you're experiencing psychotic side effects caused by medicine. The brain There's been a great deal of research into how psychosis affects the brain and how changes in the brain can trigger symptoms of psychosis . It’s thought psychosis may be linked to increased activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. Neurotransmitters, like dopamine, are chemicals that help send information inside the brain. Evidence for the role of dopamine in psychosis comes from the fact medicines known to reduce the effects of dopamine in the brain also reduce the symptoms of psychosis.
Markdown	[Skip to main content](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/causes/#maincontent) - [Health A to Z](https://www.nhs.uk/health-a-to-z/) - [NHS services](https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/) - [Healthy living](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/) - [Mental health](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/) - [Care and support](https://www.nhs.uk/social-care-and-support/) - [Home](https://www.nhs.uk/) - Browse More 1. [Home](https://www.nhs.uk/) 2. [Health A to Z](https://www.nhs.uk/health-a-to-z/) 3. [Mental health](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/) 4. [Mental health conditions](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/) 5. [Psychosis](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/) [Back to Psychosis](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/) # Causes - Psychosis Psychosis can be caused by a mental (psychological) condition, a general medical condition, or alcohol or drug misuse. ## Psychological causes The following conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people: - [schizophrenia](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/schizophrenia/overview/) – a mental health condition that causes hallucinations and delusions - [bipolar disorder](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bipolar-disorder/) – a person with bipolar disorder can have episodes of low mood (depression) and highs or elated mood (mania) - severe [stress](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/feelings-and-symptoms/stress/) or [anxiety](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/feelings-and-symptoms/anxiety-fear-panic/) - severe [depression](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/overview/) – feelings of persistent sadness, including [postnatal depression](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/postnatal-depression/), which some women experience after having a baby - lack of sleep The underlying psychological cause often influences the type of psychotic episode someone experiences. For example, a person with bipolar disorder is more likely to have grandiose delusions. Someone with depression or schizophrenia is more likely to develop persecutory delusions. See [symptoms of psychosis](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/symptoms/) for more information on delusions. ## General medical conditions The following medical conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people: - [HIV and AIDS](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/) - [malaria](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/malaria/) - [syphilis](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/syphilis/) - [Alzheimer's disease](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alzheimers-disease/) - [Parkinson's disease](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/parkinsons-disease/) - [hypoglycaemia](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia/) (an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood) - [lupus](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lupus/) - [multiple sclerosis](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/multiple-sclerosis/) - [brain tumour](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/malignant-brain-tumour/) - sudden illness or injury, such as a high temperature or a head injury ## Substances [Alcohol misuse](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-misuse/) and [drug misuse](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/addiction-support/drug-addiction-getting-help/) can trigger a psychotic episode. A person can also experience a psychotic episode if they suddenly stop drinking alcohol or taking drugs after using them for a long time. This is known as withdrawal. It's also possible to experience psychosis after drinking large amounts of alcohol or if you're high on drugs. Drugs known to trigger psychotic episodes include: - cocaine - amphetamine (speed) - methamphetamine (crystal meth) - mephedrone (MCAT or miaow) - MDMA (ecstasy) - cannabis - LSD (acid) - psilocybins (magic mushrooms) - ketamine ## Medicine In rare situations, psychosis can also occur as a side effect of some types of medicine or as a result of an overdose of that medicine. Never stop taking a prescribed medicine unless advised to do so by a GP or another qualified healthcare professional responsible for your care. See a GP if you're experiencing psychotic side effects caused by medicine. ## The brain There's been a great deal of research into how psychosis affects the brain and how changes in the brain can trigger [symptoms of psychosis](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/symptoms/). It’s thought psychosis may be linked to increased activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. Neurotransmitters, like dopamine, are chemicals that help send information inside the brain. Evidence for the role of dopamine in psychosis comes from the fact medicines known to reduce the effects of dopamine in the brain also reduce the symptoms of psychosis. ## More in [Psychosis](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/) - [Overview - Psychosis](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/overview/) - [Symptoms - Psychosis](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/symptoms/) - Causes - Psychosis - [Diagnosis - Psychosis](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/diagnosis/) - [Treatment - Psychosis](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/treatment/) Page last reviewed: 5 September 2023 Next review due: 5 September 2026 ## Support links - [Home](https://www.nhs.uk/) - [Health A to Z](https://www.nhs.uk/health-a-to-z/) - [NHS services](https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/) - [Healthy living](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/) - [Mental health](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/) - [Care and support](https://www.nhs.uk/social-care-and-support/) - [COVID-19](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/covid-19/) - [NHS App](https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-app/) - [Find my NHS number](https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/online-services/find-nhs-number/) - [View your GP health record](https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/gps/view-your-gp-health-record/) - [View your test results](https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/online-services/view-your-test-results/) - [About the NHS](https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/about-the-nhs/) - [Healthcare abroad](https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/) - [Other NHS websites](https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-sites/) - [Profile editor login](https://www.nhs.uk/our-policies/profile-editor-login/) - [About us](https://www.nhs.uk/about-us/) - [Report an issue with the NHS website](https://www.nhs.uk/report-an-issue-with-the-nhs-website) - [Accessibility statement](https://www.nhs.uk/accessibility-statement/) - [Our policies](https://www.nhs.uk/our-policies/) - [Cookies](https://www.nhs.uk/our-policies/choose-your-cookie-settings/) © Crown copyright
Readable Markdown	Psychosis can be caused by a mental (psychological) condition, a general medical condition, or alcohol or drug misuse. ## Psychological causes The following conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people: - [schizophrenia](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/schizophrenia/overview/) – a mental health condition that causes hallucinations and delusions - [bipolar disorder](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bipolar-disorder/) – a person with bipolar disorder can have episodes of low mood (depression) and highs or elated mood (mania) - severe [stress](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/feelings-and-symptoms/stress/) or [anxiety](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/feelings-and-symptoms/anxiety-fear-panic/) - severe [depression](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/overview/) – feelings of persistent sadness, including [postnatal depression](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/postnatal-depression/), which some women experience after having a baby - lack of sleep The underlying psychological cause often influences the type of psychotic episode someone experiences. For example, a person with bipolar disorder is more likely to have grandiose delusions. Someone with depression or schizophrenia is more likely to develop persecutory delusions. See [symptoms of psychosis](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/symptoms/) for more information on delusions. ## General medical conditions The following medical conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people: - [HIV and AIDS](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/) - [malaria](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/malaria/) - [syphilis](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/syphilis/) - [Alzheimer's disease](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alzheimers-disease/) - [Parkinson's disease](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/parkinsons-disease/) - [hypoglycaemia](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia/) (an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood) - [lupus](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lupus/) - [multiple sclerosis](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/multiple-sclerosis/) - [brain tumour](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/malignant-brain-tumour/) - sudden illness or injury, such as a high temperature or a head injury ## Substances [Alcohol misuse](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-misuse/) and [drug misuse](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/addiction-support/drug-addiction-getting-help/) can trigger a psychotic episode. A person can also experience a psychotic episode if they suddenly stop drinking alcohol or taking drugs after using them for a long time. This is known as withdrawal. It's also possible to experience psychosis after drinking large amounts of alcohol or if you're high on drugs. Drugs known to trigger psychotic episodes include: - cocaine - amphetamine (speed) - methamphetamine (crystal meth) - mephedrone (MCAT or miaow) - MDMA (ecstasy) - cannabis - LSD (acid) - psilocybins (magic mushrooms) - ketamine ## Medicine In rare situations, psychosis can also occur as a side effect of some types of medicine or as a result of an overdose of that medicine. Never stop taking a prescribed medicine unless advised to do so by a GP or another qualified healthcare professional responsible for your care. See a GP if you're experiencing psychotic side effects caused by medicine. ## The brain There's been a great deal of research into how psychosis affects the brain and how changes in the brain can trigger [symptoms of psychosis](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/symptoms/). It’s thought psychosis may be linked to increased activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. Neurotransmitters, like dopamine, are chemicals that help send information inside the brain. Evidence for the role of dopamine in psychosis comes from the fact medicines known to reduce the effects of dopamine in the brain also reduce the symptoms of psychosis.
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