🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 144 (from laksa188)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa144.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/coronaviruses/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/coronaviruses/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/coronaviruses\/","crawl_time":1775880438,"first_indexed_time":1686337758,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,nfid!www,\/infectious-disease\/coronaviruses\/ s443","src_root_hash":"2699451117106692344","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Coronaviruses (COVID-19) – NFID","meta_descriptions":["Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to potentially severe diseases such as COVID-19 and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)"],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"What Are Coronaviruses?\nCoronaviruses are a large family of respiratory viruses that includes COVID-19, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronaviruses cause diseases in animals and humans. In humans, the viruses can cause mild respiratory infections, like the common cold, but can lead to serious illnesses, like pneumonia.\nCoronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface.\nCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)\nwas first reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China.  COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can be very contagious and spreads quickly.\nMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)\n was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and spread to more than 25 other countries. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 patients reported with MERS have died. MERS cases continue to occur, primarily in the Arabian Peninsula; however, there have been only 2 confirmed cases of MERS in the US, both in 2014.\nSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)\nwas first reported in Southern China in 2002. Infection with the SARS virus causes acute respiratory distress (severe breathing difficulty), with a mortality rate of about 10%. The illness spread to more than 2 dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained.\nBurden\nMore than 1 million people have died from COVID-19 in the US since the virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. According to preliminary\nestimates\nfrom the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there have been at least 10 million COVID-19-related illnesses, 300,000 hospitalizations, and 35,000 deaths, during the 2024-2025 US respiratory season.\nSymptoms\nMost people get infected with human strains of coronaviruses at some point in their lives. These illnesses usually last for a short amount of time, and symptoms may include:\nFever\nChills\nCough\nHeadache\nRunny nose\nShortness of breath\nSore throat\nAdditional symptoms have been reported with\nCOVID-19.\nCoronaviruses can cause other more serious illnesses, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. This is more common in individuals with heart and lung disease, those with weakened immune systems, infants, and older adults.\nPrevention\nCoronaviruses are spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The viruses can also be spread through:\nClose personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands\nTouching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes\nThere are steps you can take to help stop the spread and protect yourself and others from severe illness:\nGet vaccinated\nas recommended\nWash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds\nAvoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth\nCover coughs and sneezes with a tissue\nClean and disinfect objects and surfaces\nAvoid close contact with people who are sick and stay home if you are sick\nWear a face mask, particularly if you are at high risk for severe disease\nTake steps for cleaner air, such as opening windows or going outdoors\nCOVID-19 vaccination is the best way to protect against severe disease and death from COVID-19.\nTreatment\nThe  \nFood and Drug Administration (FDA)\nhas authorized or approved treatments for certain individuals who are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. If you test positive, contact a trusted healthcare professional immediately to see if treatment is right for you.\nFor all patients who have COVID-19 or other coronaviruses, supportive care is recommended:\nTake pain and fever medications\nUse a humidifier or take a hot shower\nDrink plenty of liquids\nStay home and rest\nUpdated July 2025\nSources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administration","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/coronaviruses\/#fl-main-content)\n\n[Facebook](http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/nfidvaccines)[Twitter](https:\/\/x.com\/nfidvaccines)[Linkedin](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/national-foundation-for-infectious-diseases\/)[Youtube](http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/nfidvideos)[Instagram](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/nfid_vaccines\/)\n\n- [Education and Events](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/education-events\/)\n- [News and Updates](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/news-updates\/)\n- [Partnerships](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/partnerships\/)\n- [About NFID](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/about-nfid\/)\n- [Support NFID](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/support-nfid\/)\n\n[![NFID](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/NFID-Main-Logo-Standard.png)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/)\n\nMenu\n\n- [Infectious Diseases](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-diseases\/)\n  - [Column 1](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/coronaviruses\/)\n    - [Chickenpox (Varicella)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/chickenpox\/)\n    - [Chikungunya](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/chikungunya\/)\n    - [Coronaviruses (COVID-19)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/coronaviruses\/)\n    - [Cytomegalovirus (CMV)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/cytomegalovirus-cmv\/)\n    - [Dengue](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/dengue\/)\n    - [Diphtheria](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/diphtheria\/)\n    - [Ebola](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/ebola\/)\n    - [Flu (Influenza)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/flu\/)\n    - [Hepatitis](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/hepatitis\/)\n    - [Hib Disease](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/hib\/)\n  - [Column 2](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/coronaviruses\/)\n    - [HIV\/AIDS](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/hiv-aids\/)\n    - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/hpv\/)\n    - [Japanese Encephalitis](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/japanese-encephalitis\/)\n    - [Measles](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/measles\/)\n    - [Meningococcal Disease](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/meningococcal\/)\n    - [Mpox](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/mpox\/)\n    - [Mumps](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/mumps\/)\n    - [Norovirus](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/norovirus\/)\n    - [Pneumococcal Disease](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/pneumococcal\/)\n    - [Polio](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/polio\/)\n  - [Column 3](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/coronaviruses\/)\n    - [Rabies](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/rabies\/)\n    - [Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/rsv\/)\n    - [Rotavirus](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/rotavirus\/)\n    - [Rubella](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/rubella\/)\n    - [Shingles (Herpes Zoster)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/shingles\/)\n    - [Tetanus](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/tetanus\/)\n    - [Tuberculosis (TB)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/tuberculosis-tb\/)\n    - [Whooping Cough (Pertussis)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/whooping-cough\/)\n    - [Zika](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/zika\/)\n- [Immunization](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/immunization\/)\n- [Handwashing](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/handwashing\/)\n  - [Hands In For Handwashing](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/hands-in-for-handwashing\/)\n- [Resources](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resources\/)\n  - [Resource Library](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resources\/resource-library\/)\n  - [En Español](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resources\/resource-library\/?_topic=spanish)\n  - [Graphics](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resources\/graphics\/)\n  - [Contagious Chronicles](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resources\/contagious-chronicles\/)\n  - [Infectious IDeas (Podcast)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resources\/infectious-ideas-podcast\/)\n  - [Public Service Announcements](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resources\/public-service-announcements\/)\n  - [Real Stories, Real People](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resources\/real-stories-real-people\/)\n  - [Surveys and Publications](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resources\/publications\/)\n- [Support NFID](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/support-nfid\/)\n- [Select Language](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/coronaviruses\/ \"Global Switch\")\n- [Search](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/ask-merl)\n\n[**Back to Infectious Diseases**](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-diseases\/)\n\n# Coronaviruses (COVID-19)\nCoronaviruses are a large family of respiratory viruses that includes COVID-19\n\n1. [Home](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/)\n2. [Infectious Diseases](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/)\n3. Coronaviruses (COVID-19)\n\n[Facebook](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/#facebook)\n\n[X](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/#x)\n\n[LinkedIn](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/#linkedin)\n\n[Email](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/#email)\n\n[Print](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/#print)\n\n![Coronaviruses](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bb-plugin\/cache\/Coronavirus-panorama-360955692d38b15a32de9610d01a1a10-ifmulep01ros.png)\n\n## What Are Coronaviruses?\nCoronaviruses are a large family of respiratory viruses that includes COVID-19, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronaviruses cause diseases in animals and humans. In humans, the viruses can cause mild respiratory infections, like the common cold, but can lead to serious illnesses, like pneumonia.\n\nCoronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface.\n\n**[Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-diseases\/covid-19\/covid-vaccine-faq\/)** was first reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can be very contagious and spreads quickly.\n\n[COVID-19 Frequently Asked Questions](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-diseases\/covid-19\/)\n\n**Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)** was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and spread to more than 25 other countries. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 patients reported with MERS have died. MERS cases continue to occur, primarily in the Arabian Peninsula; however, there have been only 2 confirmed cases of MERS in the US, both in 2014.\n\n**Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)** was first reported in Southern China in 2002. Infection with the SARS virus causes acute respiratory distress (severe breathing difficulty), with a mortality rate of about 10%. The illness spread to more than 2 dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained.\n\n### Burden\nMore than 1 million people have died from COVID-19 in the US since the virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. According to preliminary [estimates](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/php\/surveillance\/burden-estimates.html) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there have been at least 10 million COVID-19-related illnesses, 300,000 hospitalizations, and 35,000 deaths, during the 2024-2025 US respiratory season.\n\n### Symptoms\nMost people get infected with human strains of coronaviruses at some point in their lives. These illnesses usually last for a short amount of time, and symptoms may include:\n\n- Fever\n- Chills\n- Cough\n- Headache\n- Runny nose\n- Shortness of breath\n- Sore throat\n\nAdditional symptoms have been reported with [COVID-19.](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-diseases\/covid-19\/) Coronaviruses can cause other more serious illnesses, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. This is more common in individuals with heart and lung disease, those with weakened immune systems, infants, and older adults.\n\n### Prevention\nCoronaviruses are spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The viruses can also be spread through:\n\n- Close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands\n- Touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes\n\nThere are steps you can take to help stop the spread and protect yourself and others from severe illness:\n\n- **Get vaccinated** as recommended\n- Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds\n- Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth\n- Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue\n- Clean and disinfect objects and surfaces\n- Avoid close contact with people who are sick and stay home if you are sick\n- Wear a face mask, particularly if you are at high risk for severe disease\n- Take steps for cleaner air, such as opening windows or going outdoors\n\n**COVID-19 vaccination is the best way to protect against severe disease and death from COVID-19.**\n\n### Treatment\nThe [Food and Drug Administration (FDA)](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/know-your-treatment-options-covid-19) has authorized or approved treatments for certain individuals who are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. If you test positive, contact a trusted healthcare professional immediately to see if treatment is right for you.\n\nFor all patients who have COVID-19 or other coronaviruses, supportive care is recommended:\n\n- Take pain and fever medications\n- Use a humidifier or take a hot shower\n- Drink plenty of liquids\n- Stay home and rest\n\nUpdated July 2025\n\nSources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administration\n\n## Related Resources\n![Respiratory Immunization Updates: Protecting Maternal and Special Populations](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1216-Webinar-Featured-Image-Web-1200x600.jpg)\n\nDecember 16, 2025 3:00 pm\n\n## [Respiratory Immunization Updates: Protecting Maternal and Special Populations](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/webinar\/respiratory-immunization-updates-protecting-maternal-and-special-populations\/ \"Respiratory Immunization Updates: Protecting Maternal and Special Populations\")\nIn this recorded webinar, NFID hosts a discussion on the importance of respiratory vaccination among pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals …\n\n[Learn More](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/webinar\/respiratory-immunization-updates-protecting-maternal-and-special-populations\/ \"Respiratory Immunization Updates: Protecting Maternal and Special Populations\")\n\n![](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/KAP-Survey-2025-1-1-1200x600.jpg)\n\nSurveys and Publications\n\n## [2025 National Survey on Respiratory Diseases](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resource\/2025-national-survey-on-respiratory-diseases\/ \"2025 National Survey on Respiratory Diseases\")\nThe 2025 national survey examines attitudes and behaviors regarding flu, RSV, COVID-19, and pneumococcal disease.\n\n[Learn More](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resource\/2025-national-survey-on-respiratory-diseases\/ \"2025 National Survey on Respiratory Diseases\")\n\n![October 8, 2025 Webinar Panelists](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10_8-Webinar-Featured-Image-Web-1200x600.jpg)\n\nOctober 8, 2025 1:30 pm\n\n## [2025-2026 US Respiratory Season Updates](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/webinar\/2025-2026-us-respiratory-season-updates\/ \"2025-2026 US Respiratory Season Updates\")\nIn this recorded webinar, NFID hosts a discussion highlighting the importance of immunization to help protect against severe illness during the upcoming respiratory season …\n\n[Learn More](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/webinar\/2025-2026-us-respiratory-season-updates\/ \"2025-2026 US Respiratory Season Updates\")\n\n[View All](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resources\/resource-library\/?_disease=coronaviruses)\n\n## Related Posts\n![A man wearing a face mask looks out an airplane window during a flight](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/News-Round-Up-April-2026-1200x600.jpg)\n\nApril 6, 2026\n\n## [News Round-Up: Public Health in Flux](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/news-round-up-public-health-in-flux\/ \"News Round-Up: Public Health in Flux\")\nNews and expert insights on public health policy, outbreak response, and evolving risks across the US and globally\n\n[Learn More](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/news-round-up-public-health-in-flux\/ \"News Round-Up: Public Health in Flux\")\n\n![Red heart with a white heartbeat line next to a stethoscope on a teal background](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Heart-Health-Blog--1200x600.jpg)\n\nFebruary 12, 2026\n\n## [5 Reasons Why Vaccines Are Good for Your Heart](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/5-reasons-why-vaccines-are-good-for-your-heart-2\/ \"5 Reasons Why Vaccines Are Good for Your Heart\")\nFor people with heart disease, getting vaccinated is as important to staying healthy as diet and exercise\n\n[Learn More](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/5-reasons-why-vaccines-are-good-for-your-heart-2\/ \"5 Reasons Why Vaccines Are Good for Your Heart\")\n\n![Graphic highlighting 1 in 5 hospitalized with measles](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Measles-About-1-in-5-Hospitalized-1920x960-web-feature-1200x600.jpg)\n\nFebruary 5, 2026\n\n## [News Round-Up: Vaccines, Measles, Flu, and COVID-19](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/news-round-up-vaccines-measles-flu-and-covid-19\/ \"News Round-Up: Vaccines, Measles, Flu, and COVID-19\")\nNews and expert insights on COVID-19, influenza, measles, outbreak preparedness, and vaccine policy—including growing concerns about data gaps, divergent immunization recommendations, and the real-world consequences for public health\n\n[Learn More](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/news-round-up-vaccines-measles-flu-and-covid-19\/ \"News Round-Up: Vaccines, Measles, Flu, and COVID-19\")\n\n[View All](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/news-updates\/blog-articles\/?_disease=coronaviruses)\n\n## Subscribe to NFID Updates\n[Subscribe](https:\/\/nfid.app.neoncrm.com\/forms\/subscription-form)\n\n[![nfid-logo@2x](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/nfid-logo@2x.png)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/)\n\n7201 Wisconsin Avenue  \n Suite 750  \n Bethesda, MD 20814  \n Phone: 301.656.0003\n\n[NFID Facebook Profile](http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/nfidvaccines)     [NFID Twitter Profile](http:\/\/www.twitter.com\/nfidvaccines)     [NFID LinkedIn Profile](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/national-foundation-for-infectious-diseases\/)     [NFID Youtube Account Link](http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/nfidvideos)     [NFID Instagram Account](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/nfid_vaccines\/)\n\n1629 K Street, NW  \n Suite 300  \n Washington, DC 20006\n\nFounded in 1973, the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) is an independent non-profit 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to educating and engaging the public, communities, and healthcare professionals about infectious diseases across the lifespan.\n\nThis website is designed to provide education to the public and healthcare professionals about infectious diseases across the lifespan. All information on this site is for general purposes only, is based on US recommendations, and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Contact a qualified healthcare professional if you have questions or concerns about your health.\n\n**Federal EIN:** 23-7198530\n\n- [Education and Events](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/education-events\/)\n- [News and Updates](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/news-updates\/)\n- [Partnerships](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/partnerships\/)\n- [About NFID](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/about-nfid\/)\n- [Infectious Diseases](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-diseases\/)\n- [Immunization](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/immunization\/)\n- [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-diseases\/covid-19\/)\n- [Antibiotic Resistance](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/antibiotic-resistance\/)\n- [Resources](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/resources\/)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/about-nfid\/contact-us\/)\n- [Support NFID](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/support-nfid\/)\n\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/privacy-policy\/)\n- [Accessibility](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/accessibility-statement\/)\n- [Disclaimer](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/disclaimer\/)\n\n[![Four-Star Rating Badge - Full Color](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Four-Star-Rating-Badge-Full-Color-300x300.png)](https:\/\/www.charitynavigator.org\/ein\/237198530)\n\n[![Platinum Transparency Seal 2023 Candid](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/candid-seal-platinum-2024.png)](https:\/\/www.guidestar.org\/profile\/23-7198530)\n\n[![vaccine-safety-net](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/vaccine-safety-net.png)](https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/regulation-prequalification\/regulation-and-safety\/pharmacovigilance\/networks\/vaccine-safety-net\/vsn-members)\n\n[Scroll To Top](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/coronaviruses\/)\n\n✓\n\nThanks for sharing\\!\n\n[AddToAny](https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/ \"Share Buttons\")\n\n[More…](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-disease\/coronaviruses\/#addtoany \"Show all\")","attrs_readable_markdown":"## What Are Coronaviruses?\nCoronaviruses are a large family of respiratory viruses that includes COVID-19, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronaviruses cause diseases in animals and humans. In humans, the viruses can cause mild respiratory infections, like the common cold, but can lead to serious illnesses, like pneumonia.\n\nCoronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface.\n\n**[Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-diseases\/covid-19\/covid-vaccine-faq\/)** was first reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can be very contagious and spreads quickly.\n\n**Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)** was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and spread to more than 25 other countries. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 patients reported with MERS have died. MERS cases continue to occur, primarily in the Arabian Peninsula; however, there have been only 2 confirmed cases of MERS in the US, both in 2014.\n\n**Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)** was first reported in Southern China in 2002. Infection with the SARS virus causes acute respiratory distress (severe breathing difficulty), with a mortality rate of about 10%. The illness spread to more than 2 dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained.\n\n### Burden\nMore than 1 million people have died from COVID-19 in the US since the virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. According to preliminary [estimates](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/php\/surveillance\/burden-estimates.html) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there have been at least 10 million COVID-19-related illnesses, 300,000 hospitalizations, and 35,000 deaths, during the 2024-2025 US respiratory season.\n\n### Symptoms\nMost people get infected with human strains of coronaviruses at some point in their lives. These illnesses usually last for a short amount of time, and symptoms may include:\n\n- Fever\n- Chills\n- Cough\n- Headache\n- Runny nose\n- Shortness of breath\n- Sore throat\n\nAdditional symptoms have been reported with [COVID-19.](https:\/\/www.nfid.org\/infectious-diseases\/covid-19\/) Coronaviruses can cause other more serious illnesses, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. This is more common in individuals with heart and lung disease, those with weakened immune systems, infants, and older adults.\n\n### Prevention\nCoronaviruses are spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The viruses can also be spread through:\n\n- Close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands\n- Touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes\n\nThere are steps you can take to help stop the spread and protect yourself and others from severe illness:\n\n- **Get vaccinated** as recommended\n- Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds\n- Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth\n- Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue\n- Clean and disinfect objects and surfaces\n- Avoid close contact with people who are sick and stay home if you are sick\n- Wear a face mask, particularly if you are at high risk for severe disease\n- Take steps for cleaner air, such as opening windows or going outdoors\n\n**COVID-19 vaccination is the best way to protect against severe disease and death from COVID-19.**\n\n### Treatment\nThe [Food and Drug Administration (FDA)](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/know-your-treatment-options-covid-19) has authorized or approved treatments for certain individuals who are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. If you test positive, contact a trusted healthcare professional immediately to see if treatment is right for you.\n\nFor all patients who have COVID-19 or other coronaviruses, supportive care is recommended:\n\n- Take pain and fever medications\n- Use a humidifier or take a hot shower\n- Drink plenty of liquids\n- Stay home and rest\n\nUpdated July 2025\n\nSources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administration","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Coronaviruses (COVID-19) – NFID
Meta Description	Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to potentially severe diseases such as COVID-19 and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
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Boilerpipe Text	What Are Coronaviruses? Coronaviruses are a large family of respiratory viruses that includes COVID-19, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronaviruses cause diseases in animals and humans. In humans, the viruses can cause mild respiratory infections, like the common cold, but can lead to serious illnesses, like pneumonia. Coronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can be very contagious and spreads quickly. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and spread to more than 25 other countries. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 patients reported with MERS have died. MERS cases continue to occur, primarily in the Arabian Peninsula; however, there have been only 2 confirmed cases of MERS in the US, both in 2014. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was first reported in Southern China in 2002. Infection with the SARS virus causes acute respiratory distress (severe breathing difficulty), with a mortality rate of about 10%. The illness spread to more than 2 dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained. Burden More than 1 million people have died from COVID-19 in the US since the virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. According to preliminary estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there have been at least 10 million COVID-19-related illnesses, 300,000 hospitalizations, and 35,000 deaths, during the 2024-2025 US respiratory season. Symptoms Most people get infected with human strains of coronaviruses at some point in their lives. These illnesses usually last for a short amount of time, and symptoms may include: Fever Chills Cough Headache Runny nose Shortness of breath Sore throat Additional symptoms have been reported with COVID-19. Coronaviruses can cause other more serious illnesses, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. This is more common in individuals with heart and lung disease, those with weakened immune systems, infants, and older adults. Prevention Coronaviruses are spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The viruses can also be spread through: Close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands Touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes There are steps you can take to help stop the spread and protect yourself and others from severe illness: Get vaccinated as recommended Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue Clean and disinfect objects and surfaces Avoid close contact with people who are sick and stay home if you are sick Wear a face mask, particularly if you are at high risk for severe disease Take steps for cleaner air, such as opening windows or going outdoors COVID-19 vaccination is the best way to protect against severe disease and death from COVID-19. Treatment The  Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorized or approved treatments for certain individuals who are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. If you test positive, contact a trusted healthcare professional immediately to see if treatment is right for you. For all patients who have COVID-19 or other coronaviruses, supportive care is recommended: Take pain and fever medications Use a humidifier or take a hot shower Drink plenty of liquids Stay home and rest Updated July 2025 Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administration
Markdown	[Skip to content](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/coronaviruses/#fl-main-content) [Facebook](http://www.facebook.com/nfidvaccines)[Twitter](https://x.com/nfidvaccines)[Linkedin](https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-foundation-for-infectious-diseases/)[Youtube](http://www.youtube.com/nfidvideos)[Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/nfid_vaccines/) - [Education and Events](https://www.nfid.org/education-events/) - [News and Updates](https://www.nfid.org/news-updates/) - [Partnerships](https://www.nfid.org/partnerships/) - [About NFID](https://www.nfid.org/about-nfid/) - [Support NFID](https://www.nfid.org/support-nfid/) [![NFID](https://www.nfid.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NFID-Main-Logo-Standard.png)](https://www.nfid.org/) Menu - [Infectious Diseases](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/) - [Column 1](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/coronaviruses/) - [Chickenpox (Varicella)](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/chickenpox/) - [Chikungunya](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/chikungunya/) - [Coronaviruses (COVID-19)](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/coronaviruses/) - [Cytomegalovirus (CMV)](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/cytomegalovirus-cmv/) - [Dengue](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/dengue/) - [Diphtheria](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/diphtheria/) - [Ebola](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/ebola/) - [Flu (Influenza)](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/flu/) - [Hepatitis](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/hepatitis/) - [Hib Disease](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/hib/) - [Column 2](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/coronaviruses/) - [HIV/AIDS](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/hiv-aids/) - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/hpv/) - [Japanese Encephalitis](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/japanese-encephalitis/) - [Measles](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/measles/) - [Meningococcal Disease](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/meningococcal/) - [Mpox](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/mpox/) - [Mumps](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/mumps/) - [Norovirus](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/norovirus/) - [Pneumococcal Disease](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/pneumococcal/) - [Polio](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/polio/) - [Column 3](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/coronaviruses/) - [Rabies](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/rabies/) - [Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/rsv/) - [Rotavirus](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/rotavirus/) - [Rubella](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/rubella/) - [Shingles (Herpes Zoster)](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/shingles/) - [Tetanus](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/tetanus/) - [Tuberculosis (TB)](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/tuberculosis-tb/) - [Whooping Cough (Pertussis)](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/whooping-cough/) - [Zika](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/zika/) - [Immunization](https://www.nfid.org/immunization/) - [Handwashing](https://www.nfid.org/handwashing/) - [Hands In For Handwashing](https://www.nfid.org/hands-in-for-handwashing/) - [Resources](https://www.nfid.org/resources/) - [Resource Library](https://www.nfid.org/resources/resource-library/) - [En Español](https://www.nfid.org/resources/resource-library/?_topic=spanish) - [Graphics](https://www.nfid.org/resources/graphics/) - [Contagious Chronicles](https://www.nfid.org/resources/contagious-chronicles/) - [Infectious IDeas (Podcast)](https://www.nfid.org/resources/infectious-ideas-podcast/) - [Public Service Announcements](https://www.nfid.org/resources/public-service-announcements/) - [Real Stories, Real People](https://www.nfid.org/resources/real-stories-real-people/) - [Surveys and Publications](https://www.nfid.org/resources/publications/) - [Support NFID](https://www.nfid.org/support-nfid/) - [Select Language](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/coronaviruses/ "Global Switch") - [Search](https://www.nfid.org/ask-merl) [Back to Infectious Diseases](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/) # Coronaviruses (COVID-19) Coronaviruses are a large family of respiratory viruses that includes COVID-19 1. [Home](https://www.nfid.org/) 2. [Infectious Diseases](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/) 3. Coronaviruses (COVID-19) [Facebook](https://www.nfid.org/#facebook) [X](https://www.nfid.org/#x) [LinkedIn](https://www.nfid.org/#linkedin) [Email](https://www.nfid.org/#email) [Print](https://www.nfid.org/#print) ![Coronaviruses](https://www.nfid.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/Coronavirus-panorama-360955692d38b15a32de9610d01a1a10-ifmulep01ros.png) ## What Are Coronaviruses? Coronaviruses are a large family of respiratory viruses that includes COVID-19, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronaviruses cause diseases in animals and humans. In humans, the viruses can cause mild respiratory infections, like the common cold, but can lead to serious illnesses, like pneumonia. Coronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface. [Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/covid-19/covid-vaccine-faq/) was first reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can be very contagious and spreads quickly. [COVID-19 Frequently Asked Questions](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/covid-19/) Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and spread to more than 25 other countries. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 patients reported with MERS have died. MERS cases continue to occur, primarily in the Arabian Peninsula; however, there have been only 2 confirmed cases of MERS in the US, both in 2014. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was first reported in Southern China in 2002. Infection with the SARS virus causes acute respiratory distress (severe breathing difficulty), with a mortality rate of about 10%. The illness spread to more than 2 dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained. ### Burden More than 1 million people have died from COVID-19 in the US since the virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. According to preliminary [estimates](https://www.cdc.gov/covid/php/surveillance/burden-estimates.html) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there have been at least 10 million COVID-19-related illnesses, 300,000 hospitalizations, and 35,000 deaths, during the 2024-2025 US respiratory season. ### Symptoms Most people get infected with human strains of coronaviruses at some point in their lives. These illnesses usually last for a short amount of time, and symptoms may include: - Fever - Chills - Cough - Headache - Runny nose - Shortness of breath - Sore throat Additional symptoms have been reported with [COVID-19.](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/covid-19/) Coronaviruses can cause other more serious illnesses, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. This is more common in individuals with heart and lung disease, those with weakened immune systems, infants, and older adults. ### Prevention Coronaviruses are spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The viruses can also be spread through: - Close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands - Touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes There are steps you can take to help stop the spread and protect yourself and others from severe illness: - Get vaccinated as recommended - Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds - Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth - Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue - Clean and disinfect objects and surfaces - Avoid close contact with people who are sick and stay home if you are sick - Wear a face mask, particularly if you are at high risk for severe disease - Take steps for cleaner air, such as opening windows or going outdoors COVID-19 vaccination is the best way to protect against severe disease and death from COVID-19. ### Treatment The [Food and Drug Administration (FDA)](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/know-your-treatment-options-covid-19) has authorized or approved treatments for certain individuals who are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. If you test positive, contact a trusted healthcare professional immediately to see if treatment is right for you. For all patients who have COVID-19 or other coronaviruses, supportive care is recommended: - Take pain and fever medications - Use a humidifier or take a hot shower - Drink plenty of liquids - Stay home and rest Updated July 2025 Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administration ## Related Resources ![Respiratory Immunization Updates: Protecting Maternal and Special Populations](https://www.nfid.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/1216-Webinar-Featured-Image-Web-1200x600.jpg) December 16, 2025 3:00 pm ## [Respiratory Immunization Updates: Protecting Maternal and Special Populations](https://www.nfid.org/webinar/respiratory-immunization-updates-protecting-maternal-and-special-populations/ "Respiratory Immunization Updates: Protecting Maternal and Special Populations") In this recorded webinar, NFID hosts a discussion on the importance of respiratory vaccination among pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals … [Learn More](https://www.nfid.org/webinar/respiratory-immunization-updates-protecting-maternal-and-special-populations/ "Respiratory Immunization Updates: Protecting Maternal and Special Populations") ![](https://www.nfid.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/KAP-Survey-2025-1-1-1200x600.jpg) Surveys and Publications ## [2025 National Survey on Respiratory Diseases](https://www.nfid.org/resource/2025-national-survey-on-respiratory-diseases/ "2025 National Survey on Respiratory Diseases") The 2025 national survey examines attitudes and behaviors regarding flu, RSV, COVID-19, and pneumococcal disease. [Learn More](https://www.nfid.org/resource/2025-national-survey-on-respiratory-diseases/ "2025 National Survey on Respiratory Diseases") ![October 8, 2025 Webinar Panelists](https://www.nfid.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/10_8-Webinar-Featured-Image-Web-1200x600.jpg) October 8, 2025 1:30 pm ## [2025-2026 US Respiratory Season Updates](https://www.nfid.org/webinar/2025-2026-us-respiratory-season-updates/ "2025-2026 US Respiratory Season Updates") In this recorded webinar, NFID hosts a discussion highlighting the importance of immunization to help protect against severe illness during the upcoming respiratory season … [Learn More](https://www.nfid.org/webinar/2025-2026-us-respiratory-season-updates/ "2025-2026 US Respiratory Season Updates") [View All](https://www.nfid.org/resources/resource-library/?_disease=coronaviruses) ## Related Posts ![A man wearing a face mask looks out an airplane window during a flight](https://www.nfid.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/News-Round-Up-April-2026-1200x600.jpg) April 6, 2026 ## [News Round-Up: Public Health in Flux](https://www.nfid.org/news-round-up-public-health-in-flux/ "News Round-Up: Public Health in Flux") News and expert insights on public health policy, outbreak response, and evolving risks across the US and globally [Learn More](https://www.nfid.org/news-round-up-public-health-in-flux/ "News Round-Up: Public Health in Flux") ![Red heart with a white heartbeat line next to a stethoscope on a teal background](https://www.nfid.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Heart-Health-Blog--1200x600.jpg) February 12, 2026 ## [5 Reasons Why Vaccines Are Good for Your Heart](https://www.nfid.org/5-reasons-why-vaccines-are-good-for-your-heart-2/ "5 Reasons Why Vaccines Are Good for Your Heart") For people with heart disease, getting vaccinated is as important to staying healthy as diet and exercise [Learn More](https://www.nfid.org/5-reasons-why-vaccines-are-good-for-your-heart-2/ "5 Reasons Why Vaccines Are Good for Your Heart") ![Graphic highlighting 1 in 5 hospitalized with measles](https://www.nfid.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Measles-About-1-in-5-Hospitalized-1920x960-web-feature-1200x600.jpg) February 5, 2026 ## [News Round-Up: Vaccines, Measles, Flu, and COVID-19](https://www.nfid.org/news-round-up-vaccines-measles-flu-and-covid-19/ "News Round-Up: Vaccines, Measles, Flu, and COVID-19") News and expert insights on COVID-19, influenza, measles, outbreak preparedness, and vaccine policy—including growing concerns about data gaps, divergent immunization recommendations, and the real-world consequences for public health [Learn More](https://www.nfid.org/news-round-up-vaccines-measles-flu-and-covid-19/ "News Round-Up: Vaccines, Measles, Flu, and COVID-19") [View All](https://www.nfid.org/news-updates/blog-articles/?_disease=coronaviruses) ## Subscribe to NFID Updates [Subscribe](https://nfid.app.neoncrm.com/forms/subscription-form) [![nfid-logo@2x](https://www.nfid.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/nfid-logo@2x.png)](https://www.nfid.org/) 7201 Wisconsin Avenue Suite 750 Bethesda, MD 20814 Phone: 301.656.0003 [NFID Facebook Profile](http://www.facebook.com/nfidvaccines) [NFID Twitter Profile](http://www.twitter.com/nfidvaccines) [NFID LinkedIn Profile](https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-foundation-for-infectious-diseases/) [NFID Youtube Account Link](http://www.youtube.com/nfidvideos) [NFID Instagram Account](https://www.instagram.com/nfid_vaccines/) 1629 K Street, NW Suite 300 Washington, DC 20006 Founded in 1973, the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) is an independent non-profit 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to educating and engaging the public, communities, and healthcare professionals about infectious diseases across the lifespan. This website is designed to provide education to the public and healthcare professionals about infectious diseases across the lifespan. All information on this site is for general purposes only, is based on US recommendations, and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Contact a qualified healthcare professional if you have questions or concerns about your health. 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Readable Markdown	## What Are Coronaviruses? Coronaviruses are a large family of respiratory viruses that includes COVID-19, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronaviruses cause diseases in animals and humans. In humans, the viruses can cause mild respiratory infections, like the common cold, but can lead to serious illnesses, like pneumonia. Coronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface. [Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/covid-19/covid-vaccine-faq/) was first reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can be very contagious and spreads quickly. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and spread to more than 25 other countries. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 patients reported with MERS have died. MERS cases continue to occur, primarily in the Arabian Peninsula; however, there have been only 2 confirmed cases of MERS in the US, both in 2014. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was first reported in Southern China in 2002. Infection with the SARS virus causes acute respiratory distress (severe breathing difficulty), with a mortality rate of about 10%. The illness spread to more than 2 dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained. ### Burden More than 1 million people have died from COVID-19 in the US since the virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. According to preliminary [estimates](https://www.cdc.gov/covid/php/surveillance/burden-estimates.html) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there have been at least 10 million COVID-19-related illnesses, 300,000 hospitalizations, and 35,000 deaths, during the 2024-2025 US respiratory season. ### Symptoms Most people get infected with human strains of coronaviruses at some point in their lives. These illnesses usually last for a short amount of time, and symptoms may include: - Fever - Chills - Cough - Headache - Runny nose - Shortness of breath - Sore throat Additional symptoms have been reported with [COVID-19.](https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/covid-19/) Coronaviruses can cause other more serious illnesses, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. This is more common in individuals with heart and lung disease, those with weakened immune systems, infants, and older adults. ### Prevention Coronaviruses are spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The viruses can also be spread through: - Close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands - Touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes There are steps you can take to help stop the spread and protect yourself and others from severe illness: - Get vaccinated as recommended - Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds - Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth - Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue - Clean and disinfect objects and surfaces - Avoid close contact with people who are sick and stay home if you are sick - Wear a face mask, particularly if you are at high risk for severe disease - Take steps for cleaner air, such as opening windows or going outdoors COVID-19 vaccination is the best way to protect against severe disease and death from COVID-19. ### Treatment The [Food and Drug Administration (FDA)](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/know-your-treatment-options-covid-19) has authorized or approved treatments for certain individuals who are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. If you test positive, contact a trusted healthcare professional immediately to see if treatment is right for you. For all patients who have COVID-19 or other coronaviruses, supportive care is recommended: - Take pain and fever medications - Use a humidifier or take a hot shower - Drink plenty of liquids - Stay home and rest Updated July 2025 Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administration
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