🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 34 (from laksa173)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa034.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/learn/what-is-a-trade-war\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/learn/what-is-a-trade-war\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/learn\/what-is-a-trade-war","crawl_time":1775049324,"first_indexed_time":1761304286,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,nerdwallet!www,\/finance\/learn\/what-is-a-trade-war s443","src_root_hash":"10009614238684002234","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"What Is a Trade War and How Could It Raise Prices? - NerdWallet","meta_descriptions":["Trump’s new tariffs on Mexico, Canada and China have launched a trade war as the U.S.’s biggest trade partners retaliate."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"SOME CARD INFO MAY BE OUTDATED\nThis page includes information about these cards, currently unavailable on\n    NerdWallet. The information has been collected by NerdWallet and has not\n    been provided or reviewed by the card issuer.\nUpdated on May 12.\nU.S. and China Cut Tariffs in New 90-Day Deal\nThe U.S. and China have agreed to ease tariffs for 90 days while the two major trade partners continue negotiations, according to a White House news release. Tariffs on Chinese imports to the U.S. will come down from 145% to 30%. And U.S. exports to China will face a 10% tariff — down from 125%.\nRepresentatives from the two countries met in Switzerland over the weekend to hammer out a deal. Under the agreement, the U.S. is cutting the “reciprocal” tariffs that President Donald Trump imposed on China on April 2, bringing it down to 10% from 34%. The U.S. also will pause the retaliatory tariffs Trump imposed later.\nA 20% tariff on Chinese goods that was set before Trump’s “Liberation Day” announcements is still in effect. So are import fees on small packages that previously qualified for a “de minimis” exemption, according to Reuters.\nTrump and Britain reach trade agreement\nOn May 8, the United States and Britain announced a tentative trade deal that is expected to be finalized in the coming weeks.\nPresident Donald Trump, speaking from the Oval Office, indicated that the agreement will lower the 25% reciprocal tariff on Britain, but keep a 10% tariff in place. It will also lower targeted tariffs. During the event,  U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick also said that the deal lowers the 27.5% tariff on 100,000 British car imports to 10%. The deal would also exempt Britain from Trump's 25% steel and aluminum tariffs.\nThe British government, meanwhile, will provide the U.S. with market access to $5 billion in ethanol, agricultural products like beef and more. The deal will also lower or eliminate a 2% tax on digital services revenue from U.S.-based tech companies like Amazon, Meta and Google. The British government also agreed to purchase new airport engines by Boeing.\nMore tariffs coming soon\nThe Trump Administration is likely to launch more targeted tariffs in the coming weeks and months, while leaving the door open to delaying others. Here are some of the possibilities, according to recent reports:\nOn April 15, Trump announced  a new 21% tariff on tomatoes from Mexico will begin on July 14.  \nOn April 15, Trump said he may make exemptions on auto part tariffs, which are set to begin before May 3. \nOn April 14, notices were posted in the Federal Register indicating national security probes were underway into imports of computer chips and pharmaceuticals.\nOn Sunday, during an interview with ABC, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said tariffs on smartphones, computers and other electronics would be coming soon. On April 11, the Trump Administration exempted those products from the new tariffs on China. \nChina retaliates against Trump’s tariff hike\nChina retaliates against Trump’s tariff hike\nTrump hikes China tariff to 145%, lowers other reciprocal tariffs to 10%\nTrump hikes China tariff to 145%, lowers other reciprocal tariffs to 10%\nA trade war is an economic conflict in which countries enact tariffs or other trade barriers against each other in a vicious cycle. It ultimately makes trade more expensive, increases political tension and disrupts economies.\nIn the weeks since taking office, Trump has announced wide-ranging tariffs targeting specific goods and trading partners, including large “reciprocal” tariffs tailored to each country sending goods to the U.S. Those tariffs are set to take effect on April 9. Meanwhile, a 10% across-the-board tariff on all imported goods will take effect April 5. See a list of the new tariffs below.\nTrade wars are the result of economic or political tensions between two countries. They’re sparked by measures that a government takes — such as tariffs — to restrict foreign trade and protect domestic interests.\nTrump has justified his latest tariffs as a response to trade partners’ practices that limit imports of U.S. goods, creating a lopsided relationship in which the U.S. imports more foreign goods than it exports. In a speech on April 2, Trump said the reciprocal tariffs will bring about a “golden age” for manufacturing in the U.S. He also claimed that the policies would create “trillions and trillions of dollars to reduce our taxes and pay down our national debt.”\nMeanwhile, Trump says his steep tariffs on Canada and Mexico are a response to the influx of undocumented migrants, as well as fentanyl from across the northern and southern borders. He has also said that China hasn’t done enough to stop the flow of fentanyl to the U.S.\nTrade wars are economically risky and typically lead to higher consumer prices, disrupt supply chains and impact world financial markets. They can strain relations between countries and, in the past, have even led to military conflicts.\nHow did the trade war start?\nMajor trading partners are expected to impose their own retaliatory tariffs in response to\nTrump’s new tariffs\n. We’ve seen that happen already. Canada, China and Mexico imposed or plan to levy tariffs on the U.S. in response to those put in place by Trump in March.\nCanada:\nAs of March 4, there is a 25% tariff on C$30 billion of U.S. goods. More 25% tariffs will be enacted after 21 days on C$125 billion of imports from the U.S. The total impact will be C$155 billion ($107 billion) of U.S. products. \nChina:\nBeginning April 10, the U.S. will face 34% tariffs on imports to China. New tariffs on agricultural imports from the U.S. began on March 10. That includes 15% tariffs on chicken, wheat, corn and cotton imports. There will also be 10% tariffs on sorghum, soybeans, pork, beef, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables and dairy products.\nMexico:\nPresident Claudia Sheinbaum planned to announce retaliatory tariffs on March 9, but those were delayed.\nWhat additional tariffs are in effect?\nSteel and aluminum:\nA 50% tariff began March 12. On June 23, the tariff was extended to include household appliances and other “steel derivative products.” Britain is exempt from this tariff. \nAutomobiles and their parts:\nA 25% tariff on automobiles went into effect April 3. A  separate 25% tariff on automobile parts began on May 3. Auto tariffs on Japan-made vehicle imports were lowered to 15% on July 22. \nTomatoes from Mexico:\nA\n17% tariff began on July 14.\nCopper\n: A 50% tariff began on Aug. 1.  \nTransshipping:\nA 40% tariff on countries that attempt to dodge U.S. tariffs by routing goods through other countries.\n35% tariffs on some goods from Canada.\nCertain goods that are included in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are exempt.\n30% tariff on Chinese imports\n(with some exceptions).\n25% tariffs on some goods from Mexico.\nCertain goods that are included in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are exempt.\n25% tariff on imported autos and auto parts.\n40% tariff on Brazil,\nbringing the applied rate to 50%.\nAll reciprocal tariffs on foreign countries\nfirst announced on April 2.\nUpcoming tariffs:\nAug. 29:\nEnd to the de minimis exemption.\nNov. 10:\nPause lifts for additional tariffs on Chinese imports first announced April 8 and 9.\nTrump’s tariff exemptions\nThe Trump Administration is exempting certain products from its reciprocal tariff policies. Some of the products are already subject to a tariff or may be taxed in the future. Here’s how that breaks down:\nProducts with their own separate tariffs:\nSteel and aluminum face their own 50% tariffs.\nAutomobiles and their parts, which face their own 25% tariffs.\nCopper has a 50% tariff.\nProducts that the White House is targeting for future tariffs\nPharmaceuticals.\nSemiconductors. \nLumber.\nProducts entirely excluded from tariffs:\nAny items and services included under the USMCA trade agreement.\nEnergy, including oil. \nOther certain minerals not available in the U.S. The White House has not specify what this means. \nBullion, including gold.\nSmartphones, computers, flat panel TVs, semiconductors, LED devices and other electronics.\nThe full list of exempted products is available\nhere\n.\nWhat happened in past trade wars?\nThe most notorious 20th century trade war resulted from the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, in which the U.S. imposed 40% to 60% tariffs on agricultural imports and over 20,000 imported goods. It was meant to curb foreign competition and protect businesses — especially American farmers — during the early days of the Great Depression. But the plan backfired and it triggered retaliatory tariffs from other countries. As a result, global trade tanked, worsening the depression.\nThe U.S. engaged in other trade wars in the past century, including:\nThe chicken war with Europe in the 1960s.\nThe now-defunct European Economic Community imposed tariffs on imported chickens and the U.S. retaliated with 25% tariffs on light trucks, potato starch, dextrin and brandy.\nThe trade war with Japan in the 1980s.\nAs Japan’s economic power grew, the U.S. imposed 100% tariffs on $300 million worth of Japanese imports. \nThe banana trade wars.\nIn the 1990s, the U.S. and the European Union clashed over the banana trade. The EU favored banana producers in former European colonies in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP), which led to more expensive banana imports from Latin America — where U.S.-based banana companies sourced the fruit. The U.S. imposed tariffs on certain European imports and filed complaints with the World Trade Organization. The banana trade wars didn’t officially end until 2012. \nCanada-U.S. softwood lumber wars.\nSince the 1980s, Canada and the U.S. have been in dispute over the price of “stumpage fees” for softwood lumber. The disputes have led to decades of tariffs, trade negotiations and lawsuits.  \nSteel tariff in 2002.\nThe U.S. imposed 10% to 30% temporary tariffs on steel imports, which the EU retaliated against with tariffs on certain American goods. The World Trade Organization later ruled the policy illegal, leading to their removal. \n2018-2019 trade war with China.\nIn Trump's first term he levied tariffs on $350 billion of Chinese imports, while China retaliated with tariffs on $100 billion in U.S. exports. \nTrade wars typically end through intervention, negotiations and compromises on trade or other policies.\nHow could a trade war affect consumers?\nPrices would likely rise for goods imported from trading partners. That could include: certain foods, beer, coffee, tea, gas, clothing, jewelry, cosmetics,\nnew cars\n, as well as consumer electronics like smartphones and computers. Home building supplies would get more expensive, which could discourage new construction and put added pressure on an already scant housing market.\nIn a trade war, prices would also increase the prices of goods made by\nU.S. manufacturers\nthat require imported supplies. Tariffs could also foul up supply chains, which could further increase prices.\nSeveral major companies, including Target and Best Buy, have already stated that the added costs of exporting and importing goods would be passed on to customers.\nA Jan. 31 analysis by the nonpartisan Budget Lab at Yale University projects that the initial tariffs, in combination with retaliatory tariffs, could result in a loss of $1,245 in annual purchasing power for the typical U.S. household. And a Feb. 3 estimate by Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) projects that the tariffs would likely slow growth and accelerate inflation.\nHow the trade war could escalate\nRetaliatory tariffs could ignite a cycle of retaliatory tariffs that could exacerbate economic consequences and strain foreign relations. The U.S. trades with more than 200 countries worldwide and is the largest goods importer in the world, according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative.\nHere are the latest tariffs that Trump announced on April 2:\n (Photo by Asanka Ratnayake\/Getty Images News via Getty Images)\nExplore more on\nArticle sources\nArticle sources","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/learn\/what-is-a-trade-war#main)[![Nerdwallet 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[Here is a list of our partners](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/p\/our-partners).\n# What Is a Trade War and How Could It Raise Prices?\nA trade war is an economic conflict in which countries engage in a cycle of retaliatory tariffs that drive up prices.\n\n[![Anna Helhoski](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/assets\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_1785-e1774548186337-70x70.jpg?resize=40%2C40)](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/author\/anna-helhoski)\n\nWritten by\n\nAnna Helhoski\n\n[![](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/assets\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_1785-e1774548186337-70x70.jpg?resize=40%2C40)](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/author\/anna-helhoski)\n\n[Anna Helhoski](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/author\/anna-helhoski)\n\nSenior Writer & Content Strategist\n\n17 years of experience\n\nExpertise\n\n- Economic news and policy\n- Consumer trends\n\nAnna Helhoski is a senior writer covering economic news and trends in consumer finance at NerdWallet. She is an on-air contributor and producer of Money News segments for NerdWallet's Smart Money podcast. She is also an authority on student loans. She joined NerdWallet in 2014. Her work has been syndicated in news outlets nationwide including The Associated Press, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Los Angeles Times and USA Today. She previously covered local news in the New York metro area for the Daily Voice and New York state politics for The Legislative Gazette. She holds a bachelor's degree in journalism from Purchase College, State University of New York.\n\nPublished in  ![ABC News](https:\/\/cdns3.nerdwallet.com\/lending\/publication-logos\/ABCNews.webp)![Bloomberg](https:\/\/cdns3.nerdwallet.com\/lending\/publication-logos\/Bloomberg.webp)![CBS News](https:\/\/cdns3.nerdwallet.com\/lending\/publication-logos\/CBSNews.webp)![CNBC](https:\/\/cdns3.nerdwallet.com\/lending\/publication-logos\/CNBC.webp)\n\n[![Rick VanderKnyff](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/tachyon\/2019\/08\/rvanderknyff-user-avatar.jpg?resize=40%2C40)](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/author\/rick-vanderknyff)\n\nEdited by\n\nRick VanderKnyff\n\n[![](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/tachyon\/2019\/08\/rvanderknyff-user-avatar.jpg?resize=40%2C40)](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/author\/rick-vanderknyff)\n\n[Rick VanderKnyff](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/author\/rick-vanderknyff)\n\nSenior Editor & Content Strategist\n\n42 years of experience\n\nExpertise\n\n- Financial journalism\n- Editing\n- Audience engagement\n\nRick VanderKnyff leads the news team at NerdWallet. Previously, he has worked as a channel manager at MSN.com, as a web manager at University of California San Diego, and as a copy editor and staff writer at the Los Angeles Times. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in communications and a Master of Arts in anthropology.\n\nother\n\nUpdated\n\nMay 12, 2025\n\nFact Checked\n\nHow is this page expert verified?\n\nNerdWallet's content is fact-checked for accuracy, timeliness and relevance. It undergoes a thorough review process involving writers and editors to ensure the information is as clear and complete as possible.\n\n[More on our editorial rigor](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/l\/nerdwallet-editorial-guidelines)\n\nSOME CARD INFO MAY BE OUTDATED\n\nThis page includes information about these cards, currently unavailable on NerdWallet. The information has been collected by NerdWallet and has not been provided or reviewed by the card issuer.\n\nUpdated on May 12.\n\n## U.S. and China Cut Tariffs in New 90-Day Deal\nThe U.S. and China have agreed to ease tariffs for 90 days while the two major trade partners continue negotiations, according to a White House news release. Tariffs on Chinese imports to the U.S. will come down from 145% to 30%. And U.S. exports to China will face a 10% tariff — down from 125%.\n\nRepresentatives from the two countries met in Switzerland over the weekend to hammer out a deal. Under the agreement, the U.S. is cutting the “reciprocal” tariffs that President Donald Trump imposed on China on April 2, bringing it down to 10% from 34%. The U.S. also will pause the retaliatory tariffs Trump imposed later.\n\nA 20% tariff on Chinese goods that was set before Trump’s “Liberation Day” announcements is still in effect. So are import fees on small packages that previously qualified for a “de minimis” exemption, according to Reuters.\n\n## Trump and Britain reach trade agreement\nOn May 8, the United States and Britain announced a tentative trade deal that is expected to be finalized in the coming weeks.\n\nPresident Donald Trump, speaking from the Oval Office, indicated that the agreement will lower the 25% reciprocal tariff on Britain, but keep a 10% tariff in place. It will also lower targeted tariffs. During the event, U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick also said that the deal lowers the 27.5% tariff on 100,000 British car imports to 10%. The deal would also exempt Britain from Trump's 25% steel and aluminum tariffs.\n\nThe British government, meanwhile, will provide the U.S. with market access to \\$5 billion in ethanol, agricultural products like beef and more. The deal will also lower or eliminate a 2% tax on digital services revenue from U.S.-based tech companies like Amazon, Meta and Google. The British government also agreed to purchase new airport engines by Boeing.\n\n## More tariffs coming soon\nThe Trump Administration is likely to launch more targeted tariffs in the coming weeks and months, while leaving the door open to delaying others. Here are some of the possibilities, according to recent reports:\n\n- On April 15, Trump announced a new 21% tariff on tomatoes from Mexico will begin on July 14.\n- On April 15, Trump said he may make exemptions on auto part tariffs, which are set to begin before May 3.\n- On April 14, notices were posted in the Federal Register indicating national security probes were underway into imports of computer chips and pharmaceuticals.\n- On Sunday, during an interview with ABC, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said tariffs on smartphones, computers and other electronics would be coming soon. On April 11, the Trump Administration exempted those products from the new tariffs on China.\n\nChina retaliates against Trump’s tariff hike  China retaliates against Trump’s tariff hike\n\nOn April 11, China raised tariffs on U.S. imports to 125%, in response to Trump’s recent retaliatory tariffs.\n\nChina’s Ministry of Finance, in a statement announcing the tariffs on the U.S., indicated that it would not respond further if Trump escalates the trade war. “Given the current level of tariffs, U.S. goods exported to China are no longer market-viable,” the statement said.\n\nTrump hikes China tariff to 145%, lowers other reciprocal tariffs to 10%  Trump hikes China tariff to 145%, lowers other reciprocal tariffs to 10%\n\nOn April 9, Trump abruptly announced via Truth Social that he would be hiking the tariff on China to 125% effective immediately. In the same breath, Trump paused all other wide-reaching “reciprocal” tariffs for 90 days.\n\nOn April 10, the White House reportedly confirmed that the total tariff on China is now 145%, including the previous 20% levy.\n\nThe president said on Truth Social, “At some point, hopefully in the near future, China will realize that the days of ripping off the U.S.A., and other Countries, is no longer sustainable or acceptable.”\n\nTrump’s proclamation is just the latest twist in the tariff saga that has spurred volatility in the markets and heightened uncertainty among consumers for months. The reciprocal tariffs that Trump announced last week had gone into effect after midnight on April 9 are now paused at 10% for the 90-day period.\n\nPrior to Trump’s latest move, Canada, China and the European Union responded on April 9 with retaliatory tariffs that would take effect on varying timelines. However, on April 10, the EU said it was pausing its retaliatory tariffs for 90 days.\n\nCanada imposed 25% tariffs starting April 9 on auto imports from the U.S. that don’t comply with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement put in place in 2019.\n\nChina is increasing tariffs on U.S. goods from 84% on April 10 to 125% on April 11. In addition to tariffs, China took other steps to make it harder for U.S. companies to do business in the country. It set export controls on a dozen companies and added six others to an “unreliable entity list.”\n\nThe EU announced on April 10 that it would pause its retaliatory tariffs against the U.S. for 90 days to allow for negotiations. The previous day, the EU had approved a response to Trump’s steel and aluminum tariffs. The response did not address Trump’s 20% “reciprocal” tariffs on the EU, which have now been paused at 10% for 90 days. The EU approved a plan that would apply three rounds of tariffs to a range of U.S. goods valued at \\$23 billion. With the pause now in place, it’s unclear what the timing of those rounds would be.\n\nOn April 9, in Trump’s Truth Social Post, he said that more than 75 countries had reached out to the United States to negotiate.\n\nThe tariffs on China were set at 54% in Trump’s announcement on April 2, but after China said it would retaliate with additional duties on U.S. goods, Trump threatened to add another 50% to the tariff on Chinese goods. The White House confirmed the additional tax on April 8, which brought the total tariff on China to 104% on April 9 until Trump added another 21% tax. Then on April 10 the White House confirmed that the total tariff on Chinese imports has hit 145%.\n\nA trade war is an economic conflict in which countries enact tariffs or other trade barriers against each other in a vicious cycle. It ultimately makes trade more expensive, increases political tension and disrupts economies.\n\nAnd [President Donald Trump](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/learn\/trump-economy) is escalating one.\n\nIn the weeks since taking office, Trump has announced wide-ranging tariffs targeting specific goods and trading partners, including large “reciprocal” tariffs tailored to each country sending goods to the U.S. Those tariffs are set to take effect on April 9. Meanwhile, a 10% across-the-board tariff on all imported goods will take effect April 5. See a list of the new tariffs below.\n\nTrade wars are the result of economic or political tensions between two countries. They’re sparked by measures that a government takes — such as tariffs — to restrict foreign trade and protect domestic interests.\n\nTrump has justified his latest tariffs as a response to trade partners’ practices that limit imports of U.S. goods, creating a lopsided relationship in which the U.S. imports more foreign goods than it exports. In a speech on April 2, Trump said the reciprocal tariffs will bring about a “golden age” for manufacturing in the U.S. He also claimed that the policies would create “trillions and trillions of dollars to reduce our taxes and pay down our national debt.”\n\n» MORE: [What is the trade deficit and why is Trump focused on it?](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/learn\/trade-deficit)\n\nMeanwhile, Trump says his steep tariffs on Canada and Mexico are a response to the influx of undocumented migrants, as well as fentanyl from across the northern and southern borders. He has also said that China hasn’t done enough to stop the flow of fentanyl to the U.S.\n\nTrade wars are economically risky and typically lead to higher consumer prices, disrupt supply chains and impact world financial markets. They can strain relations between countries and, in the past, have even led to military conflicts.\n\n## How did the trade war start?\nMajor trading partners are expected to impose their own retaliatory tariffs in response to [Trump’s new tariffs](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/learn\/tariff-news). We’ve seen that happen already. Canada, China and Mexico imposed or plan to levy tariffs on the U.S. in response to those put in place by Trump in March.\n\n- Canada: As of March 4, there is a 25% tariff on C\\$30 billion of U.S. goods. More 25% tariffs will be enacted after 21 days on C\\$125 billion of imports from the U.S. The total impact will be C\\$155 billion (\\$107 billion) of U.S. products.\n- China: Beginning April 10, the U.S. will face 34% tariffs on imports to China. New tariffs on agricultural imports from the U.S. began on March 10. That includes 15% tariffs on chicken, wheat, corn and cotton imports. There will also be 10% tariffs on sorghum, soybeans, pork, beef, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables and dairy products.\n- Mexico: President Claudia Sheinbaum planned to announce retaliatory tariffs on March 9, but those were delayed.\n\n## What additional tariffs are in effect?\nSteel and aluminum: A 50% tariff began March 12. On June 23, the tariff was extended to include household appliances and other “steel derivative products.” Britain is exempt from this tariff.\n\nAutomobiles and their parts: A 25% tariff on automobiles went into effect April 3. A separate 25% tariff on automobile parts began on May 3. Auto tariffs on Japan-made vehicle imports were lowered to 15% on July 22.\n\nTomatoes from Mexico: A 17% tariff began on July 14.\n\nCopper: A 50% tariff began on Aug. 1.\n\nTransshipping: A 40% tariff on countries that attempt to dodge U.S. tariffs by routing goods through other countries.\n\n35% tariffs on some goods from Canada. Certain goods that are included in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are exempt.\n\n30% tariff on Chinese imports (with some exceptions).\n\n25% tariffs on some goods from Mexico. Certain goods that are included in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are exempt.\n\n25% tariff on imported autos and auto parts.\n\n40% tariff on Brazil, bringing the applied rate to 50%.\n\nAll reciprocal tariffs on foreign countries first announced on April 2.\n\n### Upcoming tariffs:\nAug. 29: End to the de minimis exemption.\n\nNov. 10: Pause lifts for additional tariffs on Chinese imports first announced April 8 and 9.\n\nLearn more about the [latest tariffs](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/article\/finance\/tariff-cheat-sheet).\n\n## Trump’s tariff exemptions\nThe Trump Administration is exempting certain products from its reciprocal tariff policies. Some of the products are already subject to a tariff or may be taxed in the future. Here’s how that breaks down:\n\nProducts with their own separate tariffs:\n\n- Steel and aluminum face their own 50% tariffs.\n- Automobiles and their parts, which face their own 25% tariffs.\n- Copper has a 50% tariff.\n\nProducts that the White House is targeting for future tariffs\n\n- Pharmaceuticals.\n- Semiconductors.\n- Lumber.\n\nProducts entirely excluded from tariffs:\n\n- Any items and services included under the USMCA trade agreement.\n- Energy, including oil.\n- Other certain minerals not available in the U.S. The White House has not specify what this means.\n- Bullion, including gold.\n- Smartphones, computers, flat panel TVs, semiconductors, LED devices and other electronics.\n\nThe full list of exempted products is available [here](https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Annex-II.pdf).\n## What happened in past trade wars?\nThe most notorious 20th century trade war resulted from the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, in which the U.S. imposed 40% to 60% tariffs on agricultural imports and over 20,000 imported goods. It was meant to curb foreign competition and protect businesses — especially American farmers — during the early days of the Great Depression. But the plan backfired and it triggered retaliatory tariffs from other countries. As a result, global trade tanked, worsening the depression.\n\nThe U.S. engaged in other trade wars in the past century, including:\n\n- The chicken war with Europe in the 1960s. The now-defunct European Economic Community imposed tariffs on imported chickens and the U.S. retaliated with 25% tariffs on light trucks, potato starch, dextrin and brandy.\n- The trade war with Japan in the 1980s. As Japan’s economic power grew, the U.S. imposed 100% tariffs on \\$300 million worth of Japanese imports.\n- The banana trade wars. In the 1990s, the U.S. and the European Union clashed over the banana trade. The EU favored banana producers in former European colonies in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP), which led to more expensive banana imports from Latin America — where U.S.-based banana companies sourced the fruit. The U.S. imposed tariffs on certain European imports and filed complaints with the World Trade Organization. The banana trade wars didn’t officially end until 2012.\n- Canada-U.S. softwood lumber wars. Since the 1980s, Canada and the U.S. have been in dispute over the price of “stumpage fees” for softwood lumber. The disputes have led to decades of tariffs, trade negotiations and lawsuits.\n- Steel tariff in 2002. The U.S. imposed 10% to 30% temporary tariffs on steel imports, which the EU retaliated against with tariffs on certain American goods. The World Trade Organization later ruled the policy illegal, leading to their removal.\n- 2018-2019 trade war with China. In Trump's first term he levied tariffs on \\$350 billion of Chinese imports, while China retaliated with tariffs on \\$100 billion in U.S. exports.\n\nTrade wars typically end through intervention, negotiations and compromises on trade or other policies.\n\n## How could a trade war affect consumers?\nPrices would likely rise for goods imported from trading partners. That could include: certain foods, beer, coffee, tea, gas, clothing, jewelry, cosmetics, [new cars](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/auto-loans\/learn\/car-market-prices), as well as consumer electronics like smartphones and computers. Home building supplies would get more expensive, which could discourage new construction and put added pressure on an already scant housing market.\n\nIn a trade war, prices would also increase the prices of goods made by [U.S. manufacturers](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/learn\/us-manufacturing) that require imported supplies. Tariffs could also foul up supply chains, which could further increase prices.\n\n» MORE: [Trump’s tariffs begin: Here’s what could get more expensive](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/learn\/trump-tariffs)\n\nSeveral major companies, including Target and Best Buy, have already stated that the added costs of exporting and importing goods would be passed on to customers.\n\nA Jan. 31 analysis by the nonpartisan Budget Lab at Yale University projects that the initial tariffs, in combination with retaliatory tariffs, could result in a loss of \\$1,245 in annual purchasing power for the typical U.S. household. And a Feb. 3 estimate by Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) projects that the tariffs would likely slow growth and accelerate inflation.\n\n» MORE: [What is stagflation? Are we experiencing it now?](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/learn\/what-is-stagflation)\n\n## How the trade war could escalate\nRetaliatory tariffs could ignite a cycle of retaliatory tariffs that could exacerbate economic consequences and strain foreign relations. The U.S. trades with more than 200 countries worldwide and is the largest goods importer in the world, according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative.\n\nHere are the latest tariffs that Trump announced on April 2:\n\n(Photo by Asanka Ratnayake\/Getty Images News via Getty Images)\n\nExplore more on\n\n[The Financial Glow Up](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/hubs\/glowup)[Money News You Can Use](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/news)[Making Money](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/hubs\/making-money)[Paying Your Bills](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/hubs\/paying-your-bills)[Personal Finance](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance)\n\nArticle sources  Article sources\n\nNerdWallet writers are subject matter authorities who use primary, trustworthy sources to inform their work, including peer-reviewed studies, government websites, academic research and interviews with industry experts. All content is fact-checked for accuracy, timeliness and relevance. You can learn more about NerdWallet's high standards for journalism by reading our  [editorial guidelines.](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/l\/nerdwallet-editorial-guidelines)\n\n[Back to top]()\n\nAbout the author\n\n[![Anna Helhoski](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/assets\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_1785-e1774548186337-160x160.jpg)](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/author\/anna-helhoski)\n\n[Anna Helhoski](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/author\/anna-helhoski)\n\nAnna Helhoski is a senior writer covering economic news and trends in consumer finance at NerdWallet. She is an on-air contributor and producer of Money News segments for NerdWallet's Smart Money podcast. She is also an authority on student loans. She joined NerdWallet in 2014. Her work has been syndicated in news outlets nationwide including The Associated Press, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Los Angeles Times and USA Today. She previously covered local news in the New York metro area for the Daily Voice and New York state politics for The Legislative Gazette. 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(CA resident license no.OK92033) [Insurance Licenses](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/nerdwallet-insurance-services-inc-licenses-and-disclosures)\n\nFundera, Inc. NMLS ID\\# 1240038[NMLS Consumer Access](https:\/\/nmlsconsumeraccess.org\/)\n\nCalifornia: California Finance Lender loans arranged pursuant to the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation Finance Lenders License \\#603L288\n\nNerdWallet has engaged Atomic Invest LLC (“Atomic”), an SEC-registered investment adviser, to bring you the opportunity to open investment advisory accounts (Automated Investing Account and\/or Treasury Account) with Atomic. NerdWallet receives compensation of 0% to 0.85% of assets under management annualized, payable monthly, for each referred client who opens an Atomic account and a percentage of free cash interest earned by clients, which creates a conflict of interest. Brokerage services for Atomic are provided by Atomic Brokerage LLC (\"Atomic Brokerage\"), member of [FINRA](https:\/\/www.finra.org\/#\/)\/[SIPC](https:\/\/www.sipc.org\/) and an affiliate of Atomic, which creates a conflict of interest. See details about Atomic, in their [Form CRS](https:\/\/reports.adviserinfo.sec.gov\/crs\/crs_313255.pdf), [Form ADV Part 2A](https:\/\/adviserinfo.sec.gov\/firm\/brochure\/313255) and [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/legal.atomicvest.com\/usa.privacy.de3d0277-78f7-4741-9e9f-755f6b4f03ba.pdf). See details about Atomic Brokerage in their [Form CRS](https:\/\/files.brokercheck.finra.org\/crs_315263.pdf), [General Disclosures](https:\/\/legal.atomicvest.com\/usa.broker.disclosures.003464f3-f6bd-41c3-bbdf-7050e50b43a2.pdf), [fee schedule](https:\/\/legal.atomicvest.com\/usa.broker.schedule.7ea28665-88a9-4542-a748-987e90ea46b6.pdf), and FINRA’s [BrokerCheck](https:\/\/brokercheck.finra.org\/).\n\nYou also can open a Cash Account offered by Atomic Brokerage which allows you to earn interest on your cash through a cash sweep program. [View Important Cash Account Disclosures.](https:\/\/www.atomicvest.com\/legal\/disclosures\/7d9c31dd-bf97-46ae-9803-1774b97187af)\n\nNeither Atomic Invest nor Atomic Brokerage, nor any of their affiliates is a bank. Investments in securities: Not FDIC Insured, Not Bank Guaranteed, May Lose Value. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Before investing, consider your investment objectives and the fees and expenses charged.\n\nImages are for illustrative purposes only.\n\nNerdWallet™ \\| 4150 N Drinkwater Blvd, Suite 200, Scottsdale, AZ 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CARD INFO MAY BE OUTDATED\n\nThis page includes information about these cards, currently unavailable on NerdWallet. The information has been collected by NerdWallet and has not been provided or reviewed by the card issuer.\n\nUpdated on May 12.\n\nU.S. and China Cut Tariffs in New 90-Day Deal\n\nThe U.S. and China have agreed to ease tariffs for 90 days while the two major trade partners continue negotiations, according to a White House news release. Tariffs on Chinese imports to the U.S. will come down from 145% to 30%. And U.S. exports to China will face a 10% tariff — down from 125%.\n\nRepresentatives from the two countries met in Switzerland over the weekend to hammer out a deal. Under the agreement, the U.S. is cutting the “reciprocal” tariffs that President Donald Trump imposed on China on April 2, bringing it down to 10% from 34%. The U.S. also will pause the retaliatory tariffs Trump imposed later.\n\nA 20% tariff on Chinese goods that was set before Trump’s “Liberation Day” announcements is still in effect. So are import fees on small packages that previously qualified for a “de minimis” exemption, according to Reuters.\n\nTrump and Britain reach trade agreement\n\nOn May 8, the United States and Britain announced a tentative trade deal that is expected to be finalized in the coming weeks.\n\nPresident Donald Trump, speaking from the Oval Office, indicated that the agreement will lower the 25% reciprocal tariff on Britain, but keep a 10% tariff in place. It will also lower targeted tariffs. During the event, U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick also said that the deal lowers the 27.5% tariff on 100,000 British car imports to 10%. The deal would also exempt Britain from Trump's 25% steel and aluminum tariffs.\n\nThe British government, meanwhile, will provide the U.S. with market access to \\$5 billion in ethanol, agricultural products like beef and more. The deal will also lower or eliminate a 2% tax on digital services revenue from U.S.-based tech companies like Amazon, Meta and Google. The British government also agreed to purchase new airport engines by Boeing.\n\nMore tariffs coming soon\n\nThe Trump Administration is likely to launch more targeted tariffs in the coming weeks and months, while leaving the door open to delaying others. Here are some of the possibilities, according to recent reports:\n\n- On April 15, Trump announced a new 21% tariff on tomatoes from Mexico will begin on July 14.\n- On April 15, Trump said he may make exemptions on auto part tariffs, which are set to begin before May 3.\n- On April 14, notices were posted in the Federal Register indicating national security probes were underway into imports of computer chips and pharmaceuticals.\n- On Sunday, during an interview with ABC, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said tariffs on smartphones, computers and other electronics would be coming soon. On April 11, the Trump Administration exempted those products from the new tariffs on China.\n\nChina retaliates against Trump’s tariff hike  China retaliates against Trump’s tariff hike\n\nTrump hikes China tariff to 145%, lowers other reciprocal tariffs to 10%  Trump hikes China tariff to 145%, lowers other reciprocal tariffs to 10%\n\nA trade war is an economic conflict in which countries enact tariffs or other trade barriers against each other in a vicious cycle. It ultimately makes trade more expensive, increases political tension and disrupts economies.\n\nIn the weeks since taking office, Trump has announced wide-ranging tariffs targeting specific goods and trading partners, including large “reciprocal” tariffs tailored to each country sending goods to the U.S. Those tariffs are set to take effect on April 9. Meanwhile, a 10% across-the-board tariff on all imported goods will take effect April 5. See a list of the new tariffs below.\n\nTrade wars are the result of economic or political tensions between two countries. They’re sparked by measures that a government takes — such as tariffs — to restrict foreign trade and protect domestic interests.\n\nTrump has justified his latest tariffs as a response to trade partners’ practices that limit imports of U.S. goods, creating a lopsided relationship in which the U.S. imports more foreign goods than it exports. In a speech on April 2, Trump said the reciprocal tariffs will bring about a “golden age” for manufacturing in the U.S. He also claimed that the policies would create “trillions and trillions of dollars to reduce our taxes and pay down our national debt.”\n\nMeanwhile, Trump says his steep tariffs on Canada and Mexico are a response to the influx of undocumented migrants, as well as fentanyl from across the northern and southern borders. He has also said that China hasn’t done enough to stop the flow of fentanyl to the U.S.\n\nTrade wars are economically risky and typically lead to higher consumer prices, disrupt supply chains and impact world financial markets. They can strain relations between countries and, in the past, have even led to military conflicts.\n\nHow did the trade war start?\n\nMajor trading partners are expected to impose their own retaliatory tariffs in response to [Trump’s new tariffs](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/learn\/tariff-news). We’ve seen that happen already. Canada, China and Mexico imposed or plan to levy tariffs on the U.S. in response to those put in place by Trump in March.\n\n- Canada: As of March 4, there is a 25% tariff on C\\$30 billion of U.S. goods. More 25% tariffs will be enacted after 21 days on C\\$125 billion of imports from the U.S. The total impact will be C\\$155 billion (\\$107 billion) of U.S. products.\n- China: Beginning April 10, the U.S. will face 34% tariffs on imports to China. New tariffs on agricultural imports from the U.S. began on March 10. That includes 15% tariffs on chicken, wheat, corn and cotton imports. There will also be 10% tariffs on sorghum, soybeans, pork, beef, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables and dairy products.\n- Mexico: President Claudia Sheinbaum planned to announce retaliatory tariffs on March 9, but those were delayed.\n\nWhat additional tariffs are in effect?\n\nSteel and aluminum: A 50% tariff began March 12. On June 23, the tariff was extended to include household appliances and other “steel derivative products.” Britain is exempt from this tariff.\n\nAutomobiles and their parts: A 25% tariff on automobiles went into effect April 3. A separate 25% tariff on automobile parts began on May 3. Auto tariffs on Japan-made vehicle imports were lowered to 15% on July 22.\n\nTomatoes from Mexico: A 17% tariff began on July 14.\n\nCopper: A 50% tariff began on Aug. 1.\n\nTransshipping: A 40% tariff on countries that attempt to dodge U.S. tariffs by routing goods through other countries.\n\n35% tariffs on some goods from Canada. Certain goods that are included in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are exempt.\n\n30% tariff on Chinese imports (with some exceptions).\n\n25% tariffs on some goods from Mexico. Certain goods that are included in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are exempt.\n\n25% tariff on imported autos and auto parts.\n\n40% tariff on Brazil, bringing the applied rate to 50%.\n\nAll reciprocal tariffs on foreign countries first announced on April 2.\n\nUpcoming tariffs:\n\nAug. 29: End to the de minimis exemption.\n\nNov. 10: Pause lifts for additional tariffs on Chinese imports first announced April 8 and 9.\n\nTrump’s tariff exemptions\n\nThe Trump Administration is exempting certain products from its reciprocal tariff policies. Some of the products are already subject to a tariff or may be taxed in the future. Here’s how that breaks down:\n\nProducts with their own separate tariffs:\n\n- Steel and aluminum face their own 50% tariffs.\n- Automobiles and their parts, which face their own 25% tariffs.\n- Copper has a 50% tariff.\n\nProducts that the White House is targeting for future tariffs\n\n- Pharmaceuticals.\n- Semiconductors.\n- Lumber.\n\nProducts entirely excluded from tariffs:\n\n- Any items and services included under the USMCA trade agreement.\n- Energy, including oil.\n- Other certain minerals not available in the U.S. The White House has not specify what this means.\n- Bullion, including gold.\n- Smartphones, computers, flat panel TVs, semiconductors, LED devices and other electronics.\n\nThe full list of exempted products is available [here](https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Annex-II.pdf).\n\nWhat happened in past trade wars?\n\nThe most notorious 20th century trade war resulted from the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, in which the U.S. imposed 40% to 60% tariffs on agricultural imports and over 20,000 imported goods. It was meant to curb foreign competition and protect businesses — especially American farmers — during the early days of the Great Depression. But the plan backfired and it triggered retaliatory tariffs from other countries. As a result, global trade tanked, worsening the depression.\n\nThe U.S. engaged in other trade wars in the past century, including:\n\n- The chicken war with Europe in the 1960s. The now-defunct European Economic Community imposed tariffs on imported chickens and the U.S. retaliated with 25% tariffs on light trucks, potato starch, dextrin and brandy.\n- The trade war with Japan in the 1980s. As Japan’s economic power grew, the U.S. imposed 100% tariffs on \\$300 million worth of Japanese imports.\n- The banana trade wars. In the 1990s, the U.S. and the European Union clashed over the banana trade. The EU favored banana producers in former European colonies in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP), which led to more expensive banana imports from Latin America — where U.S.-based banana companies sourced the fruit. The U.S. imposed tariffs on certain European imports and filed complaints with the World Trade Organization. The banana trade wars didn’t officially end until 2012.\n- Canada-U.S. softwood lumber wars. Since the 1980s, Canada and the U.S. have been in dispute over the price of “stumpage fees” for softwood lumber. The disputes have led to decades of tariffs, trade negotiations and lawsuits.\n- Steel tariff in 2002. The U.S. imposed 10% to 30% temporary tariffs on steel imports, which the EU retaliated against with tariffs on certain American goods. The World Trade Organization later ruled the policy illegal, leading to their removal.\n- 2018-2019 trade war with China. In Trump's first term he levied tariffs on \\$350 billion of Chinese imports, while China retaliated with tariffs on \\$100 billion in U.S. exports.\n\nTrade wars typically end through intervention, negotiations and compromises on trade or other policies.\n\nHow could a trade war affect consumers?\n\nPrices would likely rise for goods imported from trading partners. That could include: certain foods, beer, coffee, tea, gas, clothing, jewelry, cosmetics, [new cars](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/auto-loans\/learn\/car-market-prices), as well as consumer electronics like smartphones and computers. Home building supplies would get more expensive, which could discourage new construction and put added pressure on an already scant housing market.\n\nIn a trade war, prices would also increase the prices of goods made by [U.S. manufacturers](https:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/finance\/learn\/us-manufacturing) that require imported supplies. Tariffs could also foul up supply chains, which could further increase prices.\n\nSeveral major companies, including Target and Best Buy, have already stated that the added costs of exporting and importing goods would be passed on to customers.\n\nA Jan. 31 analysis by the nonpartisan Budget Lab at Yale University projects that the initial tariffs, in combination with retaliatory tariffs, could result in a loss of \\$1,245 in annual purchasing power for the typical U.S. household. And a Feb. 3 estimate by Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) projects that the tariffs would likely slow growth and accelerate inflation.\n\nHow the trade war could escalate\n\nRetaliatory tariffs could ignite a cycle of retaliatory tariffs that could exacerbate economic consequences and strain foreign relations. The U.S. trades with more than 200 countries worldwide and is the largest goods importer in the world, according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative.\n\nHere are the latest tariffs that Trump announced on April 2:\n\n(Photo by Asanka Ratnayake\/Getty Images News via Getty Images)\n\nExplore more on\n\nArticle sources  Article sources","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/learn/what-is-a-trade-war
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Meta Title	What Is a Trade War and How Could It Raise Prices? - NerdWallet
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Boilerpipe Text	SOME CARD INFO MAY BE OUTDATED This page includes information about these cards, currently unavailable on NerdWallet. The information has been collected by NerdWallet and has not been provided or reviewed by the card issuer. Updated on May 12. U.S. and China Cut Tariffs in New 90-Day Deal The U.S. and China have agreed to ease tariffs for 90 days while the two major trade partners continue negotiations, according to a White House news release. Tariffs on Chinese imports to the U.S. will come down from 145% to 30%. And U.S. exports to China will face a 10% tariff — down from 125%. Representatives from the two countries met in Switzerland over the weekend to hammer out a deal. Under the agreement, the U.S. is cutting the “reciprocal” tariffs that President Donald Trump imposed on China on April 2, bringing it down to 10% from 34%. The U.S. also will pause the retaliatory tariffs Trump imposed later. A 20% tariff on Chinese goods that was set before Trump’s “Liberation Day” announcements is still in effect. So are import fees on small packages that previously qualified for a “de minimis” exemption, according to Reuters. Trump and Britain reach trade agreement On May 8, the United States and Britain announced a tentative trade deal that is expected to be finalized in the coming weeks. President Donald Trump, speaking from the Oval Office, indicated that the agreement will lower the 25% reciprocal tariff on Britain, but keep a 10% tariff in place. It will also lower targeted tariffs. During the event, U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick also said that the deal lowers the 27.5% tariff on 100,000 British car imports to 10%. The deal would also exempt Britain from Trump's 25% steel and aluminum tariffs. The British government, meanwhile, will provide the U.S. with market access to $5 billion in ethanol, agricultural products like beef and more. The deal will also lower or eliminate a 2% tax on digital services revenue from U.S.-based tech companies like Amazon, Meta and Google. The British government also agreed to purchase new airport engines by Boeing. More tariffs coming soon The Trump Administration is likely to launch more targeted tariffs in the coming weeks and months, while leaving the door open to delaying others. Here are some of the possibilities, according to recent reports: On April 15, Trump announced a new 21% tariff on tomatoes from Mexico will begin on July 14. On April 15, Trump said he may make exemptions on auto part tariffs, which are set to begin before May 3. On April 14, notices were posted in the Federal Register indicating national security probes were underway into imports of computer chips and pharmaceuticals. On Sunday, during an interview with ABC, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said tariffs on smartphones, computers and other electronics would be coming soon. On April 11, the Trump Administration exempted those products from the new tariffs on China. China retaliates against Trump’s tariff hike China retaliates against Trump’s tariff hike Trump hikes China tariff to 145%, lowers other reciprocal tariffs to 10% Trump hikes China tariff to 145%, lowers other reciprocal tariffs to 10% A trade war is an economic conflict in which countries enact tariffs or other trade barriers against each other in a vicious cycle. It ultimately makes trade more expensive, increases political tension and disrupts economies. In the weeks since taking office, Trump has announced wide-ranging tariffs targeting specific goods and trading partners, including large “reciprocal” tariffs tailored to each country sending goods to the U.S. Those tariffs are set to take effect on April 9. Meanwhile, a 10% across-the-board tariff on all imported goods will take effect April 5. See a list of the new tariffs below. Trade wars are the result of economic or political tensions between two countries. They’re sparked by measures that a government takes — such as tariffs — to restrict foreign trade and protect domestic interests. Trump has justified his latest tariffs as a response to trade partners’ practices that limit imports of U.S. goods, creating a lopsided relationship in which the U.S. imports more foreign goods than it exports. In a speech on April 2, Trump said the reciprocal tariffs will bring about a “golden age” for manufacturing in the U.S. He also claimed that the policies would create “trillions and trillions of dollars to reduce our taxes and pay down our national debt.” Meanwhile, Trump says his steep tariffs on Canada and Mexico are a response to the influx of undocumented migrants, as well as fentanyl from across the northern and southern borders. He has also said that China hasn’t done enough to stop the flow of fentanyl to the U.S. Trade wars are economically risky and typically lead to higher consumer prices, disrupt supply chains and impact world financial markets. They can strain relations between countries and, in the past, have even led to military conflicts. How did the trade war start? Major trading partners are expected to impose their own retaliatory tariffs in response to Trump’s new tariffs . We’ve seen that happen already. Canada, China and Mexico imposed or plan to levy tariffs on the U.S. in response to those put in place by Trump in March. Canada: As of March 4, there is a 25% tariff on C$30 billion of U.S. goods. More 25% tariffs will be enacted after 21 days on C$125 billion of imports from the U.S. The total impact will be C$155 billion ($107 billion) of U.S. products. China: Beginning April 10, the U.S. will face 34% tariffs on imports to China. New tariffs on agricultural imports from the U.S. began on March 10. That includes 15% tariffs on chicken, wheat, corn and cotton imports. There will also be 10% tariffs on sorghum, soybeans, pork, beef, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables and dairy products. Mexico: President Claudia Sheinbaum planned to announce retaliatory tariffs on March 9, but those were delayed. What additional tariffs are in effect? Steel and aluminum: A 50% tariff began March 12. On June 23, the tariff was extended to include household appliances and other “steel derivative products.” Britain is exempt from this tariff. Automobiles and their parts: A 25% tariff on automobiles went into effect April 3. A separate 25% tariff on automobile parts began on May 3. Auto tariffs on Japan-made vehicle imports were lowered to 15% on July 22. Tomatoes from Mexico: A 17% tariff began on July 14. Copper : A 50% tariff began on Aug. 1. Transshipping: A 40% tariff on countries that attempt to dodge U.S. tariffs by routing goods through other countries. 35% tariffs on some goods from Canada. Certain goods that are included in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are exempt. 30% tariff on Chinese imports (with some exceptions). 25% tariffs on some goods from Mexico. Certain goods that are included in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are exempt. 25% tariff on imported autos and auto parts. 40% tariff on Brazil, bringing the applied rate to 50%. All reciprocal tariffs on foreign countries first announced on April 2. Upcoming tariffs: Aug. 29: End to the de minimis exemption. Nov. 10: Pause lifts for additional tariffs on Chinese imports first announced April 8 and 9. Trump’s tariff exemptions The Trump Administration is exempting certain products from its reciprocal tariff policies. Some of the products are already subject to a tariff or may be taxed in the future. Here’s how that breaks down: Products with their own separate tariffs: Steel and aluminum face their own 50% tariffs. Automobiles and their parts, which face their own 25% tariffs. Copper has a 50% tariff. Products that the White House is targeting for future tariffs Pharmaceuticals. Semiconductors. Lumber. Products entirely excluded from tariffs: Any items and services included under the USMCA trade agreement. Energy, including oil. Other certain minerals not available in the U.S. The White House has not specify what this means. Bullion, including gold. Smartphones, computers, flat panel TVs, semiconductors, LED devices and other electronics. The full list of exempted products is available here . What happened in past trade wars? The most notorious 20th century trade war resulted from the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, in which the U.S. imposed 40% to 60% tariffs on agricultural imports and over 20,000 imported goods. It was meant to curb foreign competition and protect businesses — especially American farmers — during the early days of the Great Depression. But the plan backfired and it triggered retaliatory tariffs from other countries. As a result, global trade tanked, worsening the depression. The U.S. engaged in other trade wars in the past century, including: The chicken war with Europe in the 1960s. The now-defunct European Economic Community imposed tariffs on imported chickens and the U.S. retaliated with 25% tariffs on light trucks, potato starch, dextrin and brandy. The trade war with Japan in the 1980s. As Japan’s economic power grew, the U.S. imposed 100% tariffs on $300 million worth of Japanese imports. The banana trade wars. In the 1990s, the U.S. and the European Union clashed over the banana trade. The EU favored banana producers in former European colonies in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP), which led to more expensive banana imports from Latin America — where U.S.-based banana companies sourced the fruit. The U.S. imposed tariffs on certain European imports and filed complaints with the World Trade Organization. The banana trade wars didn’t officially end until 2012. Canada-U.S. softwood lumber wars. Since the 1980s, Canada and the U.S. have been in dispute over the price of “stumpage fees” for softwood lumber. The disputes have led to decades of tariffs, trade negotiations and lawsuits. Steel tariff in 2002. The U.S. imposed 10% to 30% temporary tariffs on steel imports, which the EU retaliated against with tariffs on certain American goods. The World Trade Organization later ruled the policy illegal, leading to their removal. 2018-2019 trade war with China. In Trump's first term he levied tariffs on $350 billion of Chinese imports, while China retaliated with tariffs on $100 billion in U.S. exports. Trade wars typically end through intervention, negotiations and compromises on trade or other policies. How could a trade war affect consumers? Prices would likely rise for goods imported from trading partners. That could include: certain foods, beer, coffee, tea, gas, clothing, jewelry, cosmetics, new cars , as well as consumer electronics like smartphones and computers. Home building supplies would get more expensive, which could discourage new construction and put added pressure on an already scant housing market. In a trade war, prices would also increase the prices of goods made by U.S. manufacturers that require imported supplies. Tariffs could also foul up supply chains, which could further increase prices. Several major companies, including Target and Best Buy, have already stated that the added costs of exporting and importing goods would be passed on to customers. A Jan. 31 analysis by the nonpartisan Budget Lab at Yale University projects that the initial tariffs, in combination with retaliatory tariffs, could result in a loss of $1,245 in annual purchasing power for the typical U.S. household. And a Feb. 3 estimate by Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) projects that the tariffs would likely slow growth and accelerate inflation. How the trade war could escalate Retaliatory tariffs could ignite a cycle of retaliatory tariffs that could exacerbate economic consequences and strain foreign relations. The U.S. trades with more than 200 countries worldwide and is the largest goods importer in the world, according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative. Here are the latest tariffs that Trump announced on April 2: (Photo by Asanka Ratnayake/Getty Images News via Getty Images) Explore more on Article sources Article sources
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Our partners cannot pay us to guarantee favorable reviews. [Here is a list of our partners](https://www.nerdwallet.com/p/our-partners). # What Is a Trade War and How Could It Raise Prices? A trade war is an economic conflict in which countries engage in a cycle of retaliatory tariffs that drive up prices. [![Anna Helhoski](https://www.nerdwallet.com/assets/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/IMG_1785-e1774548186337-70x70.jpg?resize=40%2C40)](https://www.nerdwallet.com/author/anna-helhoski) Written by Anna Helhoski [![](https://www.nerdwallet.com/assets/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/IMG_1785-e1774548186337-70x70.jpg?resize=40%2C40)](https://www.nerdwallet.com/author/anna-helhoski) [Anna Helhoski](https://www.nerdwallet.com/author/anna-helhoski) Senior Writer & Content Strategist 17 years of experience Expertise - Economic news and policy - Consumer trends Anna Helhoski is a senior writer covering economic news and trends in consumer finance at NerdWallet. She is an on-air contributor and producer of Money News segments for NerdWallet's Smart Money podcast. She is also an authority on student loans. She joined NerdWallet in 2014. Her work has been syndicated in news outlets nationwide including The Associated Press, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Los Angeles Times and USA Today. She previously covered local news in the New York metro area for the Daily Voice and New York state politics for The Legislative Gazette. She holds a bachelor's degree in journalism from Purchase College, State University of New York. 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Previously, he has worked as a channel manager at MSN.com, as a web manager at University of California San Diego, and as a copy editor and staff writer at the Los Angeles Times. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in communications and a Master of Arts in anthropology. other Updated May 12, 2025 Fact Checked How is this page expert verified? NerdWallet's content is fact-checked for accuracy, timeliness and relevance. It undergoes a thorough review process involving writers and editors to ensure the information is as clear and complete as possible. [More on our editorial rigor](https://www.nerdwallet.com/l/nerdwallet-editorial-guidelines) SOME CARD INFO MAY BE OUTDATED This page includes information about these cards, currently unavailable on NerdWallet. The information has been collected by NerdWallet and has not been provided or reviewed by the card issuer. Updated on May 12. ## U.S. and China Cut Tariffs in New 90-Day Deal The U.S. and China have agreed to ease tariffs for 90 days while the two major trade partners continue negotiations, according to a White House news release. Tariffs on Chinese imports to the U.S. will come down from 145% to 30%. And U.S. exports to China will face a 10% tariff — down from 125%. Representatives from the two countries met in Switzerland over the weekend to hammer out a deal. Under the agreement, the U.S. is cutting the “reciprocal” tariffs that President Donald Trump imposed on China on April 2, bringing it down to 10% from 34%. The U.S. also will pause the retaliatory tariffs Trump imposed later. A 20% tariff on Chinese goods that was set before Trump’s “Liberation Day” announcements is still in effect. So are import fees on small packages that previously qualified for a “de minimis” exemption, according to Reuters. ## Trump and Britain reach trade agreement On May 8, the United States and Britain announced a tentative trade deal that is expected to be finalized in the coming weeks. President Donald Trump, speaking from the Oval Office, indicated that the agreement will lower the 25% reciprocal tariff on Britain, but keep a 10% tariff in place. It will also lower targeted tariffs. During the event, U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick also said that the deal lowers the 27.5% tariff on 100,000 British car imports to 10%. The deal would also exempt Britain from Trump's 25% steel and aluminum tariffs. The British government, meanwhile, will provide the U.S. with market access to \$5 billion in ethanol, agricultural products like beef and more. The deal will also lower or eliminate a 2% tax on digital services revenue from U.S.-based tech companies like Amazon, Meta and Google. The British government also agreed to purchase new airport engines by Boeing. ## More tariffs coming soon The Trump Administration is likely to launch more targeted tariffs in the coming weeks and months, while leaving the door open to delaying others. Here are some of the possibilities, according to recent reports: - On April 15, Trump announced a new 21% tariff on tomatoes from Mexico will begin on July 14. - On April 15, Trump said he may make exemptions on auto part tariffs, which are set to begin before May 3. - On April 14, notices were posted in the Federal Register indicating national security probes were underway into imports of computer chips and pharmaceuticals. - On Sunday, during an interview with ABC, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said tariffs on smartphones, computers and other electronics would be coming soon. On April 11, the Trump Administration exempted those products from the new tariffs on China. China retaliates against Trump’s tariff hike China retaliates against Trump’s tariff hike On April 11, China raised tariffs on U.S. imports to 125%, in response to Trump’s recent retaliatory tariffs. China’s Ministry of Finance, in a statement announcing the tariffs on the U.S., indicated that it would not respond further if Trump escalates the trade war. “Given the current level of tariffs, U.S. goods exported to China are no longer market-viable,” the statement said. Trump hikes China tariff to 145%, lowers other reciprocal tariffs to 10% Trump hikes China tariff to 145%, lowers other reciprocal tariffs to 10% On April 9, Trump abruptly announced via Truth Social that he would be hiking the tariff on China to 125% effective immediately. In the same breath, Trump paused all other wide-reaching “reciprocal” tariffs for 90 days. On April 10, the White House reportedly confirmed that the total tariff on China is now 145%, including the previous 20% levy. The president said on Truth Social, “At some point, hopefully in the near future, China will realize that the days of ripping off the U.S.A., and other Countries, is no longer sustainable or acceptable.” Trump’s proclamation is just the latest twist in the tariff saga that has spurred volatility in the markets and heightened uncertainty among consumers for months. The reciprocal tariffs that Trump announced last week had gone into effect after midnight on April 9 are now paused at 10% for the 90-day period. Prior to Trump’s latest move, Canada, China and the European Union responded on April 9 with retaliatory tariffs that would take effect on varying timelines. However, on April 10, the EU said it was pausing its retaliatory tariffs for 90 days. Canada imposed 25% tariffs starting April 9 on auto imports from the U.S. that don’t comply with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement put in place in 2019. China is increasing tariffs on U.S. goods from 84% on April 10 to 125% on April 11. In addition to tariffs, China took other steps to make it harder for U.S. companies to do business in the country. It set export controls on a dozen companies and added six others to an “unreliable entity list.” The EU announced on April 10 that it would pause its retaliatory tariffs against the U.S. for 90 days to allow for negotiations. The previous day, the EU had approved a response to Trump’s steel and aluminum tariffs. The response did not address Trump’s 20% “reciprocal” tariffs on the EU, which have now been paused at 10% for 90 days. The EU approved a plan that would apply three rounds of tariffs to a range of U.S. goods valued at \$23 billion. With the pause now in place, it’s unclear what the timing of those rounds would be. On April 9, in Trump’s Truth Social Post, he said that more than 75 countries had reached out to the United States to negotiate. The tariffs on China were set at 54% in Trump’s announcement on April 2, but after China said it would retaliate with additional duties on U.S. goods, Trump threatened to add another 50% to the tariff on Chinese goods. The White House confirmed the additional tax on April 8, which brought the total tariff on China to 104% on April 9 until Trump added another 21% tax. Then on April 10 the White House confirmed that the total tariff on Chinese imports has hit 145%. A trade war is an economic conflict in which countries enact tariffs or other trade barriers against each other in a vicious cycle. It ultimately makes trade more expensive, increases political tension and disrupts economies. And [President Donald Trump](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/learn/trump-economy) is escalating one. In the weeks since taking office, Trump has announced wide-ranging tariffs targeting specific goods and trading partners, including large “reciprocal” tariffs tailored to each country sending goods to the U.S. Those tariffs are set to take effect on April 9. Meanwhile, a 10% across-the-board tariff on all imported goods will take effect April 5. See a list of the new tariffs below. Trade wars are the result of economic or political tensions between two countries. They’re sparked by measures that a government takes — such as tariffs — to restrict foreign trade and protect domestic interests. Trump has justified his latest tariffs as a response to trade partners’ practices that limit imports of U.S. goods, creating a lopsided relationship in which the U.S. imports more foreign goods than it exports. In a speech on April 2, Trump said the reciprocal tariffs will bring about a “golden age” for manufacturing in the U.S. He also claimed that the policies would create “trillions and trillions of dollars to reduce our taxes and pay down our national debt.” » MORE: [What is the trade deficit and why is Trump focused on it?](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/learn/trade-deficit) Meanwhile, Trump says his steep tariffs on Canada and Mexico are a response to the influx of undocumented migrants, as well as fentanyl from across the northern and southern borders. He has also said that China hasn’t done enough to stop the flow of fentanyl to the U.S. Trade wars are economically risky and typically lead to higher consumer prices, disrupt supply chains and impact world financial markets. They can strain relations between countries and, in the past, have even led to military conflicts. ## How did the trade war start? Major trading partners are expected to impose their own retaliatory tariffs in response to [Trump’s new tariffs](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/learn/tariff-news). We’ve seen that happen already. Canada, China and Mexico imposed or plan to levy tariffs on the U.S. in response to those put in place by Trump in March. - Canada: As of March 4, there is a 25% tariff on C\$30 billion of U.S. goods. More 25% tariffs will be enacted after 21 days on C\$125 billion of imports from the U.S. The total impact will be C\$155 billion (\$107 billion) of U.S. products. - China: Beginning April 10, the U.S. will face 34% tariffs on imports to China. New tariffs on agricultural imports from the U.S. began on March 10. That includes 15% tariffs on chicken, wheat, corn and cotton imports. There will also be 10% tariffs on sorghum, soybeans, pork, beef, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables and dairy products. - Mexico: President Claudia Sheinbaum planned to announce retaliatory tariffs on March 9, but those were delayed. ## What additional tariffs are in effect? Steel and aluminum: A 50% tariff began March 12. On June 23, the tariff was extended to include household appliances and other “steel derivative products.” Britain is exempt from this tariff. Automobiles and their parts: A 25% tariff on automobiles went into effect April 3. A separate 25% tariff on automobile parts began on May 3. Auto tariffs on Japan-made vehicle imports were lowered to 15% on July 22. Tomatoes from Mexico: A 17% tariff began on July 14. Copper: A 50% tariff began on Aug. 1. Transshipping: A 40% tariff on countries that attempt to dodge U.S. tariffs by routing goods through other countries. 35% tariffs on some goods from Canada. Certain goods that are included in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are exempt. 30% tariff on Chinese imports (with some exceptions). 25% tariffs on some goods from Mexico. Certain goods that are included in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are exempt. 25% tariff on imported autos and auto parts. 40% tariff on Brazil, bringing the applied rate to 50%. All reciprocal tariffs on foreign countries first announced on April 2. ### Upcoming tariffs: Aug. 29: End to the de minimis exemption. Nov. 10: Pause lifts for additional tariffs on Chinese imports first announced April 8 and 9. Learn more about the [latest tariffs](https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/finance/tariff-cheat-sheet). ## Trump’s tariff exemptions The Trump Administration is exempting certain products from its reciprocal tariff policies. Some of the products are already subject to a tariff or may be taxed in the future. Here’s how that breaks down: Products with their own separate tariffs: - Steel and aluminum face their own 50% tariffs. - Automobiles and their parts, which face their own 25% tariffs. - Copper has a 50% tariff. Products that the White House is targeting for future tariffs - Pharmaceuticals. - Semiconductors. - Lumber. Products entirely excluded from tariffs: - Any items and services included under the USMCA trade agreement. - Energy, including oil. - Other certain minerals not available in the U.S. The White House has not specify what this means. - Bullion, including gold. - Smartphones, computers, flat panel TVs, semiconductors, LED devices and other electronics. The full list of exempted products is available [here](https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Annex-II.pdf). ## What happened in past trade wars? The most notorious 20th century trade war resulted from the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, in which the U.S. imposed 40% to 60% tariffs on agricultural imports and over 20,000 imported goods. It was meant to curb foreign competition and protect businesses — especially American farmers — during the early days of the Great Depression. But the plan backfired and it triggered retaliatory tariffs from other countries. As a result, global trade tanked, worsening the depression. The U.S. engaged in other trade wars in the past century, including: - The chicken war with Europe in the 1960s. The now-defunct European Economic Community imposed tariffs on imported chickens and the U.S. retaliated with 25% tariffs on light trucks, potato starch, dextrin and brandy. - The trade war with Japan in the 1980s. As Japan’s economic power grew, the U.S. imposed 100% tariffs on \$300 million worth of Japanese imports. - The banana trade wars. In the 1990s, the U.S. and the European Union clashed over the banana trade. The EU favored banana producers in former European colonies in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP), which led to more expensive banana imports from Latin America — where U.S.-based banana companies sourced the fruit. The U.S. imposed tariffs on certain European imports and filed complaints with the World Trade Organization. The banana trade wars didn’t officially end until 2012. - Canada-U.S. softwood lumber wars. Since the 1980s, Canada and the U.S. have been in dispute over the price of “stumpage fees” for softwood lumber. The disputes have led to decades of tariffs, trade negotiations and lawsuits. - Steel tariff in 2002. The U.S. imposed 10% to 30% temporary tariffs on steel imports, which the EU retaliated against with tariffs on certain American goods. The World Trade Organization later ruled the policy illegal, leading to their removal. - 2018-2019 trade war with China. In Trump's first term he levied tariffs on \$350 billion of Chinese imports, while China retaliated with tariffs on \$100 billion in U.S. exports. Trade wars typically end through intervention, negotiations and compromises on trade or other policies. ## How could a trade war affect consumers? Prices would likely rise for goods imported from trading partners. That could include: certain foods, beer, coffee, tea, gas, clothing, jewelry, cosmetics, [new cars](https://www.nerdwallet.com/auto-loans/learn/car-market-prices), as well as consumer electronics like smartphones and computers. Home building supplies would get more expensive, which could discourage new construction and put added pressure on an already scant housing market. In a trade war, prices would also increase the prices of goods made by [U.S. manufacturers](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/learn/us-manufacturing) that require imported supplies. Tariffs could also foul up supply chains, which could further increase prices. » MORE: [Trump’s tariffs begin: Here’s what could get more expensive](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/learn/trump-tariffs) Several major companies, including Target and Best Buy, have already stated that the added costs of exporting and importing goods would be passed on to customers. A Jan. 31 analysis by the nonpartisan Budget Lab at Yale University projects that the initial tariffs, in combination with retaliatory tariffs, could result in a loss of \$1,245 in annual purchasing power for the typical U.S. household. And a Feb. 3 estimate by Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) projects that the tariffs would likely slow growth and accelerate inflation. » MORE: [What is stagflation? Are we experiencing it now?](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/learn/what-is-stagflation) ## How the trade war could escalate Retaliatory tariffs could ignite a cycle of retaliatory tariffs that could exacerbate economic consequences and strain foreign relations. The U.S. trades with more than 200 countries worldwide and is the largest goods importer in the world, according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative. Here are the latest tariffs that Trump announced on April 2: (Photo by Asanka Ratnayake/Getty Images News via Getty Images) Explore more on [The Financial Glow Up](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/hubs/glowup)[Money News You Can Use](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/news)[Making Money](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/hubs/making-money)[Paying Your Bills](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/hubs/paying-your-bills)[Personal Finance](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance) Article sources Article sources NerdWallet writers are subject matter authorities who use primary, trustworthy sources to inform their work, including peer-reviewed studies, government websites, academic research and interviews with industry experts. All content is fact-checked for accuracy, timeliness and relevance. 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policy](https://www.nerdwallet.com/p/nerdwallet-california-privacy-policy)[Privacy preferences](https://www.nerdwallet.com/p/privacy-policy)[Do not sell or share my personal information](https://privacyportal.onetrust.com/webform/694a76f6-1f82-455e-b46e-ffeed902c3fa/db85134f-a11a-451c-a462-3f2f39a662bc) Disclaimer: NerdWallet strives to keep its information accurate and up to date. This information may be different than what you see when you visit a financial institution, service provider or specific product's site. All financial products, shopping products and services are presented without warranty. When evaluating offers, please review the financial institution's Terms and Conditions. Pre-qualified offers are not binding. If you find discrepancies with your credit score or information from your credit report, please contact TransUnion® directly. NerdWallet Compare, Inc. NMLS ID\# 1617539[NMLS Consumer Access](https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1617539) \\|[Licenses and Disclosures](https://www.nerdwallet.com/p/nerdwallet-compare-inc-licenses-and-disclosures) California: California Finance Lender loans arranged pursuant to Department of Financial Protection and Innovation Finance Lenders License \#60DBO-74812 Insurance Services offered through NerdWallet Insurance Services, Inc. (CA resident license no.OK92033) [Insurance Licenses](https://www.nerdwallet.com/nerdwallet-insurance-services-inc-licenses-and-disclosures) Fundera, Inc. NMLS ID\# 1240038[NMLS Consumer Access](https://nmlsconsumeraccess.org/) California: California Finance Lender loans arranged pursuant to the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation Finance Lenders License \#603L288 NerdWallet has engaged Atomic Invest LLC (“Atomic”), an SEC-registered investment adviser, to bring you the opportunity to open investment advisory accounts (Automated Investing Account and/or Treasury Account) with Atomic. NerdWallet receives compensation of 0% to 0.85% of assets under management annualized, payable monthly, for each referred client who opens an Atomic account and a percentage of free cash interest earned by clients, which creates a conflict of interest. Brokerage services for Atomic are provided by Atomic Brokerage LLC ("Atomic Brokerage"), member of [FINRA](https://www.finra.org/#/)/[SIPC](https://www.sipc.org/) and an affiliate of Atomic, which creates a conflict of interest. See details about Atomic, in their [Form CRS](https://reports.adviserinfo.sec.gov/crs/crs_313255.pdf), [Form ADV Part 2A](https://adviserinfo.sec.gov/firm/brochure/313255) and [Privacy Policy](https://legal.atomicvest.com/usa.privacy.de3d0277-78f7-4741-9e9f-755f6b4f03ba.pdf). See details about Atomic Brokerage in their [Form CRS](https://files.brokercheck.finra.org/crs_315263.pdf), [General Disclosures](https://legal.atomicvest.com/usa.broker.disclosures.003464f3-f6bd-41c3-bbdf-7050e50b43a2.pdf), [fee schedule](https://legal.atomicvest.com/usa.broker.schedule.7ea28665-88a9-4542-a748-987e90ea46b6.pdf), and FINRA’s [BrokerCheck](https://brokercheck.finra.org/). You also can open a Cash Account offered by Atomic Brokerage which allows you to earn interest on your cash through a cash sweep program. [View Important Cash Account Disclosures.](https://www.atomicvest.com/legal/disclosures/7d9c31dd-bf97-46ae-9803-1774b97187af) Neither Atomic Invest nor Atomic Brokerage, nor any of their affiliates is a bank. Investments in securities: Not FDIC Insured, Not Bank Guaranteed, May Lose Value. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Before investing, consider your investment objectives and the fees and expenses charged. Images are for illustrative purposes only. NerdWallet™ \\| 4150 N Drinkwater Blvd, Suite 200, Scottsdale, AZ 85251 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Readable Markdown	SOME CARD INFO MAY BE OUTDATED This page includes information about these cards, currently unavailable on NerdWallet. The information has been collected by NerdWallet and has not been provided or reviewed by the card issuer. Updated on May 12. U.S. and China Cut Tariffs in New 90-Day Deal The U.S. and China have agreed to ease tariffs for 90 days while the two major trade partners continue negotiations, according to a White House news release. Tariffs on Chinese imports to the U.S. will come down from 145% to 30%. And U.S. exports to China will face a 10% tariff — down from 125%. Representatives from the two countries met in Switzerland over the weekend to hammer out a deal. Under the agreement, the U.S. is cutting the “reciprocal” tariffs that President Donald Trump imposed on China on April 2, bringing it down to 10% from 34%. The U.S. also will pause the retaliatory tariffs Trump imposed later. A 20% tariff on Chinese goods that was set before Trump’s “Liberation Day” announcements is still in effect. So are import fees on small packages that previously qualified for a “de minimis” exemption, according to Reuters. Trump and Britain reach trade agreement On May 8, the United States and Britain announced a tentative trade deal that is expected to be finalized in the coming weeks. President Donald Trump, speaking from the Oval Office, indicated that the agreement will lower the 25% reciprocal tariff on Britain, but keep a 10% tariff in place. It will also lower targeted tariffs. During the event, U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick also said that the deal lowers the 27.5% tariff on 100,000 British car imports to 10%. The deal would also exempt Britain from Trump's 25% steel and aluminum tariffs. The British government, meanwhile, will provide the U.S. with market access to \$5 billion in ethanol, agricultural products like beef and more. The deal will also lower or eliminate a 2% tax on digital services revenue from U.S.-based tech companies like Amazon, Meta and Google. The British government also agreed to purchase new airport engines by Boeing. More tariffs coming soon The Trump Administration is likely to launch more targeted tariffs in the coming weeks and months, while leaving the door open to delaying others. Here are some of the possibilities, according to recent reports: - On April 15, Trump announced a new 21% tariff on tomatoes from Mexico will begin on July 14. - On April 15, Trump said he may make exemptions on auto part tariffs, which are set to begin before May 3. - On April 14, notices were posted in the Federal Register indicating national security probes were underway into imports of computer chips and pharmaceuticals. - On Sunday, during an interview with ABC, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said tariffs on smartphones, computers and other electronics would be coming soon. On April 11, the Trump Administration exempted those products from the new tariffs on China. China retaliates against Trump’s tariff hike China retaliates against Trump’s tariff hike Trump hikes China tariff to 145%, lowers other reciprocal tariffs to 10% Trump hikes China tariff to 145%, lowers other reciprocal tariffs to 10% A trade war is an economic conflict in which countries enact tariffs or other trade barriers against each other in a vicious cycle. It ultimately makes trade more expensive, increases political tension and disrupts economies. In the weeks since taking office, Trump has announced wide-ranging tariffs targeting specific goods and trading partners, including large “reciprocal” tariffs tailored to each country sending goods to the U.S. Those tariffs are set to take effect on April 9. Meanwhile, a 10% across-the-board tariff on all imported goods will take effect April 5. See a list of the new tariffs below. Trade wars are the result of economic or political tensions between two countries. They’re sparked by measures that a government takes — such as tariffs — to restrict foreign trade and protect domestic interests. Trump has justified his latest tariffs as a response to trade partners’ practices that limit imports of U.S. goods, creating a lopsided relationship in which the U.S. imports more foreign goods than it exports. In a speech on April 2, Trump said the reciprocal tariffs will bring about a “golden age” for manufacturing in the U.S. He also claimed that the policies would create “trillions and trillions of dollars to reduce our taxes and pay down our national debt.” Meanwhile, Trump says his steep tariffs on Canada and Mexico are a response to the influx of undocumented migrants, as well as fentanyl from across the northern and southern borders. He has also said that China hasn’t done enough to stop the flow of fentanyl to the U.S. Trade wars are economically risky and typically lead to higher consumer prices, disrupt supply chains and impact world financial markets. They can strain relations between countries and, in the past, have even led to military conflicts. How did the trade war start? Major trading partners are expected to impose their own retaliatory tariffs in response to [Trump’s new tariffs](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/learn/tariff-news). We’ve seen that happen already. Canada, China and Mexico imposed or plan to levy tariffs on the U.S. in response to those put in place by Trump in March. - Canada: As of March 4, there is a 25% tariff on C\$30 billion of U.S. goods. More 25% tariffs will be enacted after 21 days on C\$125 billion of imports from the U.S. The total impact will be C\$155 billion (\$107 billion) of U.S. products. - China: Beginning April 10, the U.S. will face 34% tariffs on imports to China. New tariffs on agricultural imports from the U.S. began on March 10. That includes 15% tariffs on chicken, wheat, corn and cotton imports. There will also be 10% tariffs on sorghum, soybeans, pork, beef, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables and dairy products. - Mexico: President Claudia Sheinbaum planned to announce retaliatory tariffs on March 9, but those were delayed. What additional tariffs are in effect? Steel and aluminum: A 50% tariff began March 12. On June 23, the tariff was extended to include household appliances and other “steel derivative products.” Britain is exempt from this tariff. Automobiles and their parts: A 25% tariff on automobiles went into effect April 3. A separate 25% tariff on automobile parts began on May 3. Auto tariffs on Japan-made vehicle imports were lowered to 15% on July 22. Tomatoes from Mexico: A 17% tariff began on July 14. Copper: A 50% tariff began on Aug. 1. Transshipping: A 40% tariff on countries that attempt to dodge U.S. tariffs by routing goods through other countries. 35% tariffs on some goods from Canada. Certain goods that are included in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are exempt. 30% tariff on Chinese imports (with some exceptions). 25% tariffs on some goods from Mexico. Certain goods that are included in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are exempt. 25% tariff on imported autos and auto parts. 40% tariff on Brazil, bringing the applied rate to 50%. All reciprocal tariffs on foreign countries first announced on April 2. Upcoming tariffs: Aug. 29: End to the de minimis exemption. Nov. 10: Pause lifts for additional tariffs on Chinese imports first announced April 8 and 9. Trump’s tariff exemptions The Trump Administration is exempting certain products from its reciprocal tariff policies. Some of the products are already subject to a tariff or may be taxed in the future. Here’s how that breaks down: Products with their own separate tariffs: - Steel and aluminum face their own 50% tariffs. - Automobiles and their parts, which face their own 25% tariffs. - Copper has a 50% tariff. Products that the White House is targeting for future tariffs - Pharmaceuticals. - Semiconductors. - Lumber. Products entirely excluded from tariffs: - Any items and services included under the USMCA trade agreement. - Energy, including oil. - Other certain minerals not available in the U.S. The White House has not specify what this means. - Bullion, including gold. - Smartphones, computers, flat panel TVs, semiconductors, LED devices and other electronics. The full list of exempted products is available [here](https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Annex-II.pdf). What happened in past trade wars? The most notorious 20th century trade war resulted from the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, in which the U.S. imposed 40% to 60% tariffs on agricultural imports and over 20,000 imported goods. It was meant to curb foreign competition and protect businesses — especially American farmers — during the early days of the Great Depression. But the plan backfired and it triggered retaliatory tariffs from other countries. As a result, global trade tanked, worsening the depression. The U.S. engaged in other trade wars in the past century, including: - The chicken war with Europe in the 1960s. The now-defunct European Economic Community imposed tariffs on imported chickens and the U.S. retaliated with 25% tariffs on light trucks, potato starch, dextrin and brandy. - The trade war with Japan in the 1980s. As Japan’s economic power grew, the U.S. imposed 100% tariffs on \$300 million worth of Japanese imports. - The banana trade wars. In the 1990s, the U.S. and the European Union clashed over the banana trade. The EU favored banana producers in former European colonies in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP), which led to more expensive banana imports from Latin America — where U.S.-based banana companies sourced the fruit. The U.S. imposed tariffs on certain European imports and filed complaints with the World Trade Organization. The banana trade wars didn’t officially end until 2012. - Canada-U.S. softwood lumber wars. Since the 1980s, Canada and the U.S. have been in dispute over the price of “stumpage fees” for softwood lumber. The disputes have led to decades of tariffs, trade negotiations and lawsuits. - Steel tariff in 2002. The U.S. imposed 10% to 30% temporary tariffs on steel imports, which the EU retaliated against with tariffs on certain American goods. The World Trade Organization later ruled the policy illegal, leading to their removal. - 2018-2019 trade war with China. In Trump's first term he levied tariffs on \$350 billion of Chinese imports, while China retaliated with tariffs on \$100 billion in U.S. exports. Trade wars typically end through intervention, negotiations and compromises on trade or other policies. How could a trade war affect consumers? Prices would likely rise for goods imported from trading partners. That could include: certain foods, beer, coffee, tea, gas, clothing, jewelry, cosmetics, [new cars](https://www.nerdwallet.com/auto-loans/learn/car-market-prices), as well as consumer electronics like smartphones and computers. Home building supplies would get more expensive, which could discourage new construction and put added pressure on an already scant housing market. In a trade war, prices would also increase the prices of goods made by [U.S. manufacturers](https://www.nerdwallet.com/finance/learn/us-manufacturing) that require imported supplies. Tariffs could also foul up supply chains, which could further increase prices. Several major companies, including Target and Best Buy, have already stated that the added costs of exporting and importing goods would be passed on to customers. A Jan. 31 analysis by the nonpartisan Budget Lab at Yale University projects that the initial tariffs, in combination with retaliatory tariffs, could result in a loss of \$1,245 in annual purchasing power for the typical U.S. household. And a Feb. 3 estimate by Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) projects that the tariffs would likely slow growth and accelerate inflation. How the trade war could escalate Retaliatory tariffs could ignite a cycle of retaliatory tariffs that could exacerbate economic consequences and strain foreign relations. The U.S. trades with more than 200 countries worldwide and is the largest goods importer in the world, according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative. Here are the latest tariffs that Trump announced on April 2: (Photo by Asanka Ratnayake/Getty Images News via Getty Images) Explore more on Article sources Article sources
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