🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 121 (from laksa105)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa121.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/do-repeat-covid-infections-make-long-covid-more-likely\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/do-repeat-covid-infections-make-long-covid-more-likely\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/do-repeat-covid-infections-make-long-covid-more-likely","crawl_time":1775931926,"first_indexed_time":1675233116,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,nebraskamed!www,\/COVID\/do-repeat-covid-infections-make-long-covid-more-likely s443","src_root_hash":"12295970854620659321","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Do repeat COVID infections make long COVID more likely? | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE","meta_descriptions":["Does looking at the impact of reinfection matter, especially if you’ve been vaccinated?"],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Since it's been estimated that over 80% of Americans have been infected with COVID-19 at least once, concern about reinfection is valid. Indeed, a person can get COVID-19 once, twice, three times or more.\nDoes looking at the impact of reinfection matter, especially if you've been vaccinated? Absolutely. Repeat COVID-19 infections are suspected of having negative implications, including further health complications, the possibility of long COVID and potentially worse outcomes.\nA study published in November 2022\nA\nnew study\nanalyzed medical records from the Department of Veterans Affairs of nearly 41,000 people who suffered COVID-19 reinfection. The study also included a medical record review of 5.8 million patients, including one-time infections of 443,588 patients and 40,947 patients that had been infected two or more times.\nCompared with those infected once, patients who were reinfected showed that they were more prone to complications in various organ systems and more likely to be diagnosed with long COVID than those infected only once. These findings were consistent regardless of vaccination status.\nFor those who had COVID-19 two times or more, the data appeared to show a:\nTwo times increased risk of death \nThree times increased risk of hospitalization \nTwo times increased risk of long COVID and chronic fatigue \nThree times increased risk of heart issues and blood clotting disorders \n“This is one of the first studies to look at this issue,\" says\nEamon Maloney, MD\n, Nebraska Medicine primary care and internal medicine physician. “It suggests strong observational data showing that repeat infections can increase risk in many areas, including potential cardiac, pulmonary or neurological problems. The study stresses the importance of understanding that just because someone has COVID once doesn't mean they are protected from additional infection. If a person gets COVID again, it could be potentially as severe of an illness or worse.\" \nEveryone responds to COVID infection differently\nCOVID-19 can affect a person in various ways, so it's difficult to predict how a person may respond to repeated infection. If or when a person experiences long COVID is also challenging to predict.\nWhen long COVID occurs\n, the symptoms of chronic fatigue, brain fog, shortness of breath, loss of taste and smell and more may last an average of two to three months or well over a year. Whether or not that includes ongoing respiratory issues,\nheart problems\n, or\nneurological effects\nhighly depends on how each person's body reacts.\n“There doesn't seem to be any definitive factors that distinguish whether a person will get long COVID or not,\" says Dr. Maloney. “I see patients who feel worse with repeated infection and others who don't. The older a person is and the more medical conditions they have, however, will likely put them at higher risk for long COVID and possibly worse outcomes with repeated infection.\"\nIn short, there are no simple answers to how a previous infection may affect your response to reinfection.\nCommon questions about COVID reinfection\nHow soon could I get COVID-19 again after already having it? \nImmunity is highest in the following weeks after infection. After a few months, those antibodies will go down. With the emergence of new variants, it is possible to be infected again, so it's best to take precautions to protect yourself from reinfection.\nCan I get COVID-19 twice in a month? \nThe average recovery from COVID symptoms like cough, fatigue and shortness of breath can take weeks to several months. Symptoms can also come and go for a while. Call your doctor for testing guidance if you recover from your initial illness and develop a new fever. \nOnce I've had COVID-19, am I more susceptible to getting it again? \nNot necessarily. Since COVID-19 is ever-evolving with new variants, you may or may not be more vulnerable due to your body trying to recover from your initial infection.\nOnce I've had COVID-19, do I have to wait to get vaccinated? \nIf you receive antibody treatment, you must wait 90 days before getting a COVID-19 vaccine or booster. If you haven't received this treatment and are recovered from your initial illness with no fever, talk to your doctor about getting vaccinated.  \n“More study is needed, but there appears to be some anecdotal evidence suggesting that getting the vaccine may help improve long COVID symptoms,\" adds Dr. Maloney.\nWe recommend that people with\npost-COVID syndrome\n(long haulers)\nstay up to date with their vaccinations\n. \nHow to protect yourself from repeated COVID infection\nAfter dealing with COVID-19 and its implications for several years, we can't let down our guard. To avoid reinfection, follow the guidelines as\nrecommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\n, including:\nStay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines\nKeep practicing good handwashing hygiene, masking indoors and social distancing\nIf you feel sick and suspect COVID-19, get tested\nIf you test positive for COVID-19, quarantine for five days\nIf after five days you are fever free with improving respiratory symptoms, you can end isolation but wear a mask and socially distance as the risk of infecting someone else is still present\n“COVID isn't going anywhere,\" says Dr. Maloney. “We need to stay alert and keep practicing safe habits to protect ourselves and others, as well as avoid overwhelming the health care system. \nNebraska Medicine post-COVID clinic\nThe Nebraska Medicine post-COVID clinic can help evaluate and treat people who are at least four or more weeks from initial infection and still experiencing lingering COVID-19 symptoms. They can also provide referrals to other post-COVID specialists, including cardiologists, pulmonologists and others, as needed.\nTalk to your primary care doctor about a referral if you think you may benefit from an evaluation.","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/do-repeat-covid-infections-make-long-covid-more-likely#main-content)\n\n- [NEBRASKA MEDICINE](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/)\n- [UNMC](http:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/)\n\n- [Find Care Now](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/care)\n- [One Chart](https:\/\/www.onechartpatient.com\/mychart\/)\n- [Pay Bill](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/patients\/billing\/pay-online)\n- [For Providers](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/for-providers)\n- [Careers](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/careers)\n- [Help](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/help)\n\n[Home](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/)\n\n- [Find a Doctor](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/doctors)\n- [Care and Services](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/treatments)\n  ## Care and Services\n  Comprehensive care for all your health needs.\n  \n  [View All Services](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/treatments)\n  \n  ## Featured Services\n  - 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Indeed, a person can get COVID-19 once, twice, three times or more.\n\nDoes looking at the impact of reinfection matter, especially if you've been vaccinated? Absolutely. Repeat COVID-19 infections are suspected of having negative implications, including further health complications, the possibility of long COVID and potentially worse outcomes.\n\n### A study published in November 2022\nA [new study](https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-022-02051-3) analyzed medical records from the Department of Veterans Affairs of nearly 41,000 people who suffered COVID-19 reinfection. The study also included a medical record review of 5.8 million patients, including one-time infections of 443,588 patients and 40,947 patients that had been infected two or more times.\n\nCompared with those infected once, patients who were reinfected showed that they were more prone to complications in various organ systems and more likely to be diagnosed with long COVID than those infected only once. These findings were consistent regardless of vaccination status.\n\nFor those who had COVID-19 two times or more, the data appeared to show a:\n\n- Two times increased risk of death\n- Three times increased risk of hospitalization\n- Two times increased risk of long COVID and chronic fatigue\n- Three times increased risk of heart issues and blood clotting disorders\n\n“This is one of the first studies to look at this issue,\" says [Eamon Maloney, MD](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/doctors\/eamon-p-maloney), Nebraska Medicine primary care and internal medicine physician. “It suggests strong observational data showing that repeat infections can increase risk in many areas, including potential cardiac, pulmonary or neurological problems. The study stresses the importance of understanding that just because someone has COVID once doesn't mean they are protected from additional infection. If a person gets COVID again, it could be potentially as severe of an illness or worse.\"\n\n### Everyone responds to COVID infection differently\nCOVID-19 can affect a person in various ways, so it's difficult to predict how a person may respond to repeated infection. If or when a person experiences long COVID is also challenging to predict. [When long COVID occurs](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/8-surprising-long-covid-symptoms), the symptoms of chronic fatigue, brain fog, shortness of breath, loss of taste and smell and more may last an average of two to three months or well over a year. Whether or not that includes ongoing respiratory issues, [heart problems](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/heart\/7-questions-about-pots-including-if-it-can-go-away-on-its-own), or [neurological effects](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/strokes-seizures-brain-fog-and-other-neurological-effects-of-covid-19) highly depends on how each person's body reacts.\n\n“There doesn't seem to be any definitive factors that distinguish whether a person will get long COVID or not,\" says Dr. Maloney. “I see patients who feel worse with repeated infection and others who don't. The older a person is and the more medical conditions they have, however, will likely put them at higher risk for long COVID and possibly worse outcomes with repeated infection.\"\n\nIn short, there are no simple answers to how a previous infection may affect your response to reinfection.\n\n### Common questions about COVID reinfection\n**How soon could I get COVID-19 again after already having it?**   \nImmunity is highest in the following weeks after infection. After a few months, those antibodies will go down. With the emergence of new variants, it is possible to be infected again, so it's best to take precautions to protect yourself from reinfection.\n\n**Can I get COVID-19 twice in a month?**   \nThe average recovery from COVID symptoms like cough, fatigue and shortness of breath can take weeks to several months. Symptoms can also come and go for a while. Call your doctor for testing guidance if you recover from your initial illness and develop a new fever.\n\n**Once I've had COVID-19, am I more susceptible to getting it again?**   \nNot necessarily. Since COVID-19 is ever-evolving with new variants, you may or may not be more vulnerable due to your body trying to recover from your initial infection.\n\n**Once I've had COVID-19, do I have to wait to get vaccinated?**   \nIf you receive antibody treatment, you must wait 90 days before getting a COVID-19 vaccine or booster. If you haven't received this treatment and are recovered from your initial illness with no fever, talk to your doctor about getting vaccinated.\n\n“More study is needed, but there appears to be some anecdotal evidence suggesting that getting the vaccine may help improve long COVID symptoms,\" adds Dr. Maloney.\n\nWe recommend that people with [post-COVID syndrome](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/post-covid-syndrome-common-symptoms-and-how-to-know-if-you-have-it) (long haulers) [stay up to date with their vaccinations](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/vaccine).\n\n### How to protect yourself from repeated COVID infection\nAfter dealing with COVID-19 and its implications for several years, we can't let down our guard. To avoid reinfection, follow the guidelines as [recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/index.html), including:\n\n- Stay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines\n- Keep practicing good handwashing hygiene, masking indoors and social distancing\n- If you feel sick and suspect COVID-19, get tested\n- If you test positive for COVID-19, quarantine for five days\n- If after five days you are fever free with improving respiratory symptoms, you can end isolation but wear a mask and socially distance as the risk of infecting someone else is still present\n\n“COVID isn't going anywhere,\" says Dr. Maloney. “We need to stay alert and keep practicing safe habits to protect ourselves and others, as well as avoid overwhelming the health care system.\n\n### Nebraska Medicine post-COVID clinic\nThe Nebraska Medicine post-COVID clinic can help evaluate and treat people who are at least four or more weeks from initial infection and still experiencing lingering COVID-19 symptoms. They can also provide referrals to other post-COVID specialists, including cardiologists, pulmonologists and others, as needed.\n\nTalk to your primary care doctor about a referral if you think you may benefit from an evaluation.\n\n- [January 2024 Advancing Health magazine](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/health\/tag\/january-2024-advancing-health-magazine)\n\n## Related articles\n[Conditions and Services](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/health\/search\/conditions-and-services)\n\n[![Man coughing](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/adv_health_teaser\/public\/images\/covid19\/postcovid_opengraph2.jpg.webp?itok=9xe6_xqF)](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/post-covid-syndrome-common-symptoms-and-how-to-know-if-you-have-it)\n\nApril 8, 2021\n\n[Post-COVID syndrome: Common symptoms and how to know if you have it](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/post-covid-syndrome-common-symptoms-and-how-to-know-if-you-have-it)\n\n[Conditions and Services](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/health\/search\/conditions-and-services)\n\n[![Woman looking sad](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/adv_health_teaser\/public\/images\/heart\/pots_opengraph.jpg.webp?itok=Ai_RFbDm)](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/heart\/7-questions-about-pots-including-if-it-can-go-away-on-its-own)\n\nOctober 20, 2022\n\n[Long COVID and POTS: 7 questions about the condition, including if it can go away on its own](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/heart\/7-questions-about-pots-including-if-it-can-go-away-on-its-own)\n\n[Conditions and Services](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/health\/search\/conditions-and-services)\n\n[![Young man looking out the window](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/adv_health_teaser\/public\/images\/covid19\/longcovid_opengraph.jpg.webp?itok=ndem9GBV)](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/8-surprising-long-covid-symptoms)\n\nMarch 7, 2022\n\n[8 surprising long-COVID symptoms](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/8-surprising-long-covid-symptoms)\n\n## In this article\nProviders\n\n[Learn more about  Eamon P Maloney, MD](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/doctors\/eamon-p-maloney)\n\nServices\n\n[Learn more about  Coronavirus (COVID-19)](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID)\n\nNeed help finding a doctor?\n\n[Browse our doctors](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/doctors) or call [800\\.922.0000](tel:+18009220000)\n\nShare:\n\n- [Link to share on Twitter](https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/do-repeat-covid-infections-make-long-covid-more-likely)\n- [Link to share on Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/do-repeat-covid-infections-make-long-covid-more-likely)\n- [Share via email](mailto:?&body=https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/do-repeat-covid-infections-make-long-covid-more-likely%0A)\n\n### Stay connected with the Nebraska Medicine app\n[Download the 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Indeed, a person can get COVID-19 once, twice, three times or more.\n\nDoes looking at the impact of reinfection matter, especially if you've been vaccinated? Absolutely. Repeat COVID-19 infections are suspected of having negative implications, including further health complications, the possibility of long COVID and potentially worse outcomes.\n\n### A study published in November 2022\nA [new study](https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-022-02051-3) analyzed medical records from the Department of Veterans Affairs of nearly 41,000 people who suffered COVID-19 reinfection. The study also included a medical record review of 5.8 million patients, including one-time infections of 443,588 patients and 40,947 patients that had been infected two or more times.\n\nCompared with those infected once, patients who were reinfected showed that they were more prone to complications in various organ systems and more likely to be diagnosed with long COVID than those infected only once. These findings were consistent regardless of vaccination status.\n\nFor those who had COVID-19 two times or more, the data appeared to show a:\n\n- Two times increased risk of death\n- Three times increased risk of hospitalization\n- Two times increased risk of long COVID and chronic fatigue\n- Three times increased risk of heart issues and blood clotting disorders\n\n“This is one of the first studies to look at this issue,\" says [Eamon Maloney, MD](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/doctors\/eamon-p-maloney), Nebraska Medicine primary care and internal medicine physician. “It suggests strong observational data showing that repeat infections can increase risk in many areas, including potential cardiac, pulmonary or neurological problems. The study stresses the importance of understanding that just because someone has COVID once doesn't mean they are protected from additional infection. If a person gets COVID again, it could be potentially as severe of an illness or worse.\"\n\n### Everyone responds to COVID infection differently\nCOVID-19 can affect a person in various ways, so it's difficult to predict how a person may respond to repeated infection. If or when a person experiences long COVID is also challenging to predict. [When long COVID occurs](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/8-surprising-long-covid-symptoms), the symptoms of chronic fatigue, brain fog, shortness of breath, loss of taste and smell and more may last an average of two to three months or well over a year. Whether or not that includes ongoing respiratory issues, [heart problems](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/heart\/7-questions-about-pots-including-if-it-can-go-away-on-its-own), or [neurological effects](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/strokes-seizures-brain-fog-and-other-neurological-effects-of-covid-19) highly depends on how each person's body reacts.\n\n“There doesn't seem to be any definitive factors that distinguish whether a person will get long COVID or not,\" says Dr. Maloney. “I see patients who feel worse with repeated infection and others who don't. The older a person is and the more medical conditions they have, however, will likely put them at higher risk for long COVID and possibly worse outcomes with repeated infection.\"\n\nIn short, there are no simple answers to how a previous infection may affect your response to reinfection.\n\n### Common questions about COVID reinfection\n**How soon could I get COVID-19 again after already having it?**   \nImmunity is highest in the following weeks after infection. After a few months, those antibodies will go down. With the emergence of new variants, it is possible to be infected again, so it's best to take precautions to protect yourself from reinfection.\n\n**Can I get COVID-19 twice in a month?**   \nThe average recovery from COVID symptoms like cough, fatigue and shortness of breath can take weeks to several months. Symptoms can also come and go for a while. Call your doctor for testing guidance if you recover from your initial illness and develop a new fever.\n\n**Once I've had COVID-19, am I more susceptible to getting it again?**   \nNot necessarily. Since COVID-19 is ever-evolving with new variants, you may or may not be more vulnerable due to your body trying to recover from your initial infection.\n\n**Once I've had COVID-19, do I have to wait to get vaccinated?**   \nIf you receive antibody treatment, you must wait 90 days before getting a COVID-19 vaccine or booster. If you haven't received this treatment and are recovered from your initial illness with no fever, talk to your doctor about getting vaccinated.\n\n“More study is needed, but there appears to be some anecdotal evidence suggesting that getting the vaccine may help improve long COVID symptoms,\" adds Dr. Maloney.\n\nWe recommend that people with [post-COVID syndrome](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/post-covid-syndrome-common-symptoms-and-how-to-know-if-you-have-it) (long haulers) [stay up to date with their vaccinations](https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/COVID\/vaccine).\n\n### How to protect yourself from repeated COVID infection\nAfter dealing with COVID-19 and its implications for several years, we can't let down our guard. To avoid reinfection, follow the guidelines as [recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/index.html), including:\n\n- Stay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines\n- Keep practicing good handwashing hygiene, masking indoors and social distancing\n- If you feel sick and suspect COVID-19, get tested\n- If you test positive for COVID-19, quarantine for five days\n- If after five days you are fever free with improving respiratory symptoms, you can end isolation but wear a mask and socially distance as the risk of infecting someone else is still present\n\n“COVID isn't going anywhere,\" says Dr. Maloney. “We need to stay alert and keep practicing safe habits to protect ourselves and others, as well as avoid overwhelming the health care system.\n\n### Nebraska Medicine post-COVID clinic\nThe Nebraska Medicine post-COVID clinic can help evaluate and treat people who are at least four or more weeks from initial infection and still experiencing lingering COVID-19 symptoms. They can also provide referrals to other post-COVID specialists, including cardiologists, pulmonologists and others, as needed.\n\nTalk to your primary care doctor about a referral if you think you may benefit from an evaluation.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Do repeat COVID infections make long COVID more likely? \| Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE
Meta Description	Does looking at the impact of reinfection matter, especially if you’ve been vaccinated?
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Boilerpipe Text	Since it's been estimated that over 80% of Americans have been infected with COVID-19 at least once, concern about reinfection is valid. Indeed, a person can get COVID-19 once, twice, three times or more. Does looking at the impact of reinfection matter, especially if you've been vaccinated? Absolutely. Repeat COVID-19 infections are suspected of having negative implications, including further health complications, the possibility of long COVID and potentially worse outcomes. A study published in November 2022 A new study analyzed medical records from the Department of Veterans Affairs of nearly 41,000 people who suffered COVID-19 reinfection. The study also included a medical record review of 5.8 million patients, including one-time infections of 443,588 patients and 40,947 patients that had been infected two or more times. Compared with those infected once, patients who were reinfected showed that they were more prone to complications in various organ systems and more likely to be diagnosed with long COVID than those infected only once. These findings were consistent regardless of vaccination status. For those who had COVID-19 two times or more, the data appeared to show a: Two times increased risk of death Three times increased risk of hospitalization Two times increased risk of long COVID and chronic fatigue Three times increased risk of heart issues and blood clotting disorders “This is one of the first studies to look at this issue," says Eamon Maloney, MD , Nebraska Medicine primary care and internal medicine physician. “It suggests strong observational data showing that repeat infections can increase risk in many areas, including potential cardiac, pulmonary or neurological problems. The study stresses the importance of understanding that just because someone has COVID once doesn't mean they are protected from additional infection. If a person gets COVID again, it could be potentially as severe of an illness or worse." Everyone responds to COVID infection differently COVID-19 can affect a person in various ways, so it's difficult to predict how a person may respond to repeated infection. If or when a person experiences long COVID is also challenging to predict. When long COVID occurs , the symptoms of chronic fatigue, brain fog, shortness of breath, loss of taste and smell and more may last an average of two to three months or well over a year. Whether or not that includes ongoing respiratory issues, heart problems , or neurological effects highly depends on how each person's body reacts. “There doesn't seem to be any definitive factors that distinguish whether a person will get long COVID or not," says Dr. Maloney. “I see patients who feel worse with repeated infection and others who don't. The older a person is and the more medical conditions they have, however, will likely put them at higher risk for long COVID and possibly worse outcomes with repeated infection." In short, there are no simple answers to how a previous infection may affect your response to reinfection. Common questions about COVID reinfection How soon could I get COVID-19 again after already having it? Immunity is highest in the following weeks after infection. After a few months, those antibodies will go down. With the emergence of new variants, it is possible to be infected again, so it's best to take precautions to protect yourself from reinfection. Can I get COVID-19 twice in a month? The average recovery from COVID symptoms like cough, fatigue and shortness of breath can take weeks to several months. Symptoms can also come and go for a while. Call your doctor for testing guidance if you recover from your initial illness and develop a new fever. Once I've had COVID-19, am I more susceptible to getting it again? Not necessarily. Since COVID-19 is ever-evolving with new variants, you may or may not be more vulnerable due to your body trying to recover from your initial infection. Once I've had COVID-19, do I have to wait to get vaccinated? If you receive antibody treatment, you must wait 90 days before getting a COVID-19 vaccine or booster. If you haven't received this treatment and are recovered from your initial illness with no fever, talk to your doctor about getting vaccinated. “More study is needed, but there appears to be some anecdotal evidence suggesting that getting the vaccine may help improve long COVID symptoms," adds Dr. Maloney. We recommend that people with post-COVID syndrome (long haulers) stay up to date with their vaccinations . How to protect yourself from repeated COVID infection After dealing with COVID-19 and its implications for several years, we can't let down our guard. To avoid reinfection, follow the guidelines as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , including: Stay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines Keep practicing good handwashing hygiene, masking indoors and social distancing If you feel sick and suspect COVID-19, get tested If you test positive for COVID-19, quarantine for five days If after five days you are fever free with improving respiratory symptoms, you can end isolation but wear a mask and socially distance as the risk of infecting someone else is still present “COVID isn't going anywhere," says Dr. Maloney. “We need to stay alert and keep practicing safe habits to protect ourselves and others, as well as avoid overwhelming the health care system. Nebraska Medicine post-COVID clinic The Nebraska Medicine post-COVID clinic can help evaluate and treat people who are at least four or more weeks from initial infection and still experiencing lingering COVID-19 symptoms. They can also provide referrals to other post-COVID specialists, including cardiologists, pulmonologists and others, as needed. Talk to your primary care doctor about a referral if you think you may benefit from an evaluation.
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[View more blogs related to Conditions and Services](https://www.nebraskamed.com/health/search/conditions-and-services) [View more blogs related to Body Systems](https://www.nebraskamed.com/health/search/body-systems) [View more blogs related to COVID-19](https://www.nebraskamed.com/health/search/covid-19) # Do repeat COVID infections make long COVID more likely? ![picture of a woman sitting on her bed](https://www.nebraskamed.com/sites/default/files/images/covid19/repeatcovid_opengraph.jpg) January 31, 2023 Since it's been estimated that over 80% of Americans have been infected with COVID-19 at least once, concern about reinfection is valid. Indeed, a person can get COVID-19 once, twice, three times or more. Does looking at the impact of reinfection matter, especially if you've been vaccinated? Absolutely. Repeat COVID-19 infections are suspected of having negative implications, including further health complications, the possibility of long COVID and potentially worse outcomes. ### A study published in November 2022 A [new study](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02051-3) analyzed medical records from the Department of Veterans Affairs of nearly 41,000 people who suffered COVID-19 reinfection. The study also included a medical record review of 5.8 million patients, including one-time infections of 443,588 patients and 40,947 patients that had been infected two or more times. Compared with those infected once, patients who were reinfected showed that they were more prone to complications in various organ systems and more likely to be diagnosed with long COVID than those infected only once. These findings were consistent regardless of vaccination status. For those who had COVID-19 two times or more, the data appeared to show a: - Two times increased risk of death - Three times increased risk of hospitalization - Two times increased risk of long COVID and chronic fatigue - Three times increased risk of heart issues and blood clotting disorders “This is one of the first studies to look at this issue," says [Eamon Maloney, MD](https://www.nebraskamed.com/doctors/eamon-p-maloney), Nebraska Medicine primary care and internal medicine physician. “It suggests strong observational data showing that repeat infections can increase risk in many areas, including potential cardiac, pulmonary or neurological problems. The study stresses the importance of understanding that just because someone has COVID once doesn't mean they are protected from additional infection. If a person gets COVID again, it could be potentially as severe of an illness or worse." ### Everyone responds to COVID infection differently COVID-19 can affect a person in various ways, so it's difficult to predict how a person may respond to repeated infection. If or when a person experiences long COVID is also challenging to predict. [When long COVID occurs](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/8-surprising-long-covid-symptoms), the symptoms of chronic fatigue, brain fog, shortness of breath, loss of taste and smell and more may last an average of two to three months or well over a year. Whether or not that includes ongoing respiratory issues, [heart problems](https://www.nebraskamed.com/heart/7-questions-about-pots-including-if-it-can-go-away-on-its-own), or [neurological effects](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/strokes-seizures-brain-fog-and-other-neurological-effects-of-covid-19) highly depends on how each person's body reacts. “There doesn't seem to be any definitive factors that distinguish whether a person will get long COVID or not," says Dr. Maloney. “I see patients who feel worse with repeated infection and others who don't. The older a person is and the more medical conditions they have, however, will likely put them at higher risk for long COVID and possibly worse outcomes with repeated infection." In short, there are no simple answers to how a previous infection may affect your response to reinfection. ### Common questions about COVID reinfection How soon could I get COVID-19 again after already having it? Immunity is highest in the following weeks after infection. After a few months, those antibodies will go down. With the emergence of new variants, it is possible to be infected again, so it's best to take precautions to protect yourself from reinfection. Can I get COVID-19 twice in a month? The average recovery from COVID symptoms like cough, fatigue and shortness of breath can take weeks to several months. Symptoms can also come and go for a while. Call your doctor for testing guidance if you recover from your initial illness and develop a new fever. Once I've had COVID-19, am I more susceptible to getting it again? Not necessarily. Since COVID-19 is ever-evolving with new variants, you may or may not be more vulnerable due to your body trying to recover from your initial infection. Once I've had COVID-19, do I have to wait to get vaccinated? If you receive antibody treatment, you must wait 90 days before getting a COVID-19 vaccine or booster. If you haven't received this treatment and are recovered from your initial illness with no fever, talk to your doctor about getting vaccinated. “More study is needed, but there appears to be some anecdotal evidence suggesting that getting the vaccine may help improve long COVID symptoms," adds Dr. Maloney. We recommend that people with [post-COVID syndrome](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/post-covid-syndrome-common-symptoms-and-how-to-know-if-you-have-it) (long haulers) [stay up to date with their vaccinations](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/vaccine). ### How to protect yourself from repeated COVID infection After dealing with COVID-19 and its implications for several years, we can't let down our guard. To avoid reinfection, follow the guidelines as [recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https://www.cdc.gov/covid/index.html), including: - Stay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines - Keep practicing good handwashing hygiene, masking indoors and social distancing - If you feel sick and suspect COVID-19, get tested - If you test positive for COVID-19, quarantine for five days - If after five days you are fever free with improving respiratory symptoms, you can end isolation but wear a mask and socially distance as the risk of infecting someone else is still present “COVID isn't going anywhere," says Dr. Maloney. “We need to stay alert and keep practicing safe habits to protect ourselves and others, as well as avoid overwhelming the health care system. ### Nebraska Medicine post-COVID clinic The Nebraska Medicine post-COVID clinic can help evaluate and treat people who are at least four or more weeks from initial infection and still experiencing lingering COVID-19 symptoms. They can also provide referrals to other post-COVID specialists, including cardiologists, pulmonologists and others, as needed. Talk to your primary care doctor about a referral if you think you may benefit from an evaluation. - [January 2024 Advancing Health magazine](https://www.nebraskamed.com/health/tag/january-2024-advancing-health-magazine) ## Related articles [Conditions and Services](https://www.nebraskamed.com/health/search/conditions-and-services) [![Man coughing](https://www.nebraskamed.com/sites/default/files/styles/adv_health_teaser/public/images/covid19/postcovid_opengraph2.jpg.webp?itok=9xe6_xqF)](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/post-covid-syndrome-common-symptoms-and-how-to-know-if-you-have-it) April 8, 2021 [Post-COVID syndrome: Common symptoms and how to know if you have it](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/post-covid-syndrome-common-symptoms-and-how-to-know-if-you-have-it) [Conditions and Services](https://www.nebraskamed.com/health/search/conditions-and-services) [![Woman looking sad](https://www.nebraskamed.com/sites/default/files/styles/adv_health_teaser/public/images/heart/pots_opengraph.jpg.webp?itok=Ai_RFbDm)](https://www.nebraskamed.com/heart/7-questions-about-pots-including-if-it-can-go-away-on-its-own) October 20, 2022 [Long COVID and POTS: 7 questions about the condition, including if it can go away on its own](https://www.nebraskamed.com/heart/7-questions-about-pots-including-if-it-can-go-away-on-its-own) [Conditions and Services](https://www.nebraskamed.com/health/search/conditions-and-services) [![Young man looking out the window](https://www.nebraskamed.com/sites/default/files/styles/adv_health_teaser/public/images/covid19/longcovid_opengraph.jpg.webp?itok=ndem9GBV)](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/8-surprising-long-covid-symptoms) March 7, 2022 [8 surprising long-COVID symptoms](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/8-surprising-long-covid-symptoms) ## In this article Providers [Learn more about Eamon P Maloney, MD](https://www.nebraskamed.com/doctors/eamon-p-maloney) Services [Learn more about Coronavirus (COVID-19)](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID) Need help finding a doctor? 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Readable Markdown	Since it's been estimated that over 80% of Americans have been infected with COVID-19 at least once, concern about reinfection is valid. Indeed, a person can get COVID-19 once, twice, three times or more. Does looking at the impact of reinfection matter, especially if you've been vaccinated? Absolutely. Repeat COVID-19 infections are suspected of having negative implications, including further health complications, the possibility of long COVID and potentially worse outcomes. ### A study published in November 2022 A [new study](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02051-3) analyzed medical records from the Department of Veterans Affairs of nearly 41,000 people who suffered COVID-19 reinfection. The study also included a medical record review of 5.8 million patients, including one-time infections of 443,588 patients and 40,947 patients that had been infected two or more times. Compared with those infected once, patients who were reinfected showed that they were more prone to complications in various organ systems and more likely to be diagnosed with long COVID than those infected only once. These findings were consistent regardless of vaccination status. For those who had COVID-19 two times or more, the data appeared to show a: - Two times increased risk of death - Three times increased risk of hospitalization - Two times increased risk of long COVID and chronic fatigue - Three times increased risk of heart issues and blood clotting disorders “This is one of the first studies to look at this issue," says [Eamon Maloney, MD](https://www.nebraskamed.com/doctors/eamon-p-maloney), Nebraska Medicine primary care and internal medicine physician. “It suggests strong observational data showing that repeat infections can increase risk in many areas, including potential cardiac, pulmonary or neurological problems. The study stresses the importance of understanding that just because someone has COVID once doesn't mean they are protected from additional infection. If a person gets COVID again, it could be potentially as severe of an illness or worse." ### Everyone responds to COVID infection differently COVID-19 can affect a person in various ways, so it's difficult to predict how a person may respond to repeated infection. If or when a person experiences long COVID is also challenging to predict. [When long COVID occurs](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/8-surprising-long-covid-symptoms), the symptoms of chronic fatigue, brain fog, shortness of breath, loss of taste and smell and more may last an average of two to three months or well over a year. Whether or not that includes ongoing respiratory issues, [heart problems](https://www.nebraskamed.com/heart/7-questions-about-pots-including-if-it-can-go-away-on-its-own), or [neurological effects](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/strokes-seizures-brain-fog-and-other-neurological-effects-of-covid-19) highly depends on how each person's body reacts. “There doesn't seem to be any definitive factors that distinguish whether a person will get long COVID or not," says Dr. Maloney. “I see patients who feel worse with repeated infection and others who don't. The older a person is and the more medical conditions they have, however, will likely put them at higher risk for long COVID and possibly worse outcomes with repeated infection." In short, there are no simple answers to how a previous infection may affect your response to reinfection. ### Common questions about COVID reinfection How soon could I get COVID-19 again after already having it? Immunity is highest in the following weeks after infection. After a few months, those antibodies will go down. With the emergence of new variants, it is possible to be infected again, so it's best to take precautions to protect yourself from reinfection. Can I get COVID-19 twice in a month? The average recovery from COVID symptoms like cough, fatigue and shortness of breath can take weeks to several months. Symptoms can also come and go for a while. Call your doctor for testing guidance if you recover from your initial illness and develop a new fever. Once I've had COVID-19, am I more susceptible to getting it again? Not necessarily. Since COVID-19 is ever-evolving with new variants, you may or may not be more vulnerable due to your body trying to recover from your initial infection. Once I've had COVID-19, do I have to wait to get vaccinated? If you receive antibody treatment, you must wait 90 days before getting a COVID-19 vaccine or booster. If you haven't received this treatment and are recovered from your initial illness with no fever, talk to your doctor about getting vaccinated. “More study is needed, but there appears to be some anecdotal evidence suggesting that getting the vaccine may help improve long COVID symptoms," adds Dr. Maloney. We recommend that people with [post-COVID syndrome](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/post-covid-syndrome-common-symptoms-and-how-to-know-if-you-have-it) (long haulers) [stay up to date with their vaccinations](https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/vaccine). ### How to protect yourself from repeated COVID infection After dealing with COVID-19 and its implications for several years, we can't let down our guard. To avoid reinfection, follow the guidelines as [recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https://www.cdc.gov/covid/index.html), including: - Stay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines - Keep practicing good handwashing hygiene, masking indoors and social distancing - If you feel sick and suspect COVID-19, get tested - If you test positive for COVID-19, quarantine for five days - If after five days you are fever free with improving respiratory symptoms, you can end isolation but wear a mask and socially distance as the risk of infecting someone else is still present “COVID isn't going anywhere," says Dr. Maloney. “We need to stay alert and keep practicing safe habits to protect ourselves and others, as well as avoid overwhelming the health care system. ### Nebraska Medicine post-COVID clinic The Nebraska Medicine post-COVID clinic can help evaluate and treat people who are at least four or more weeks from initial infection and still experiencing lingering COVID-19 symptoms. They can also provide referrals to other post-COVID specialists, including cardiologists, pulmonologists and others, as needed. Talk to your primary care doctor about a referral if you think you may benefit from an evaluation.
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