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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 98 (from laksa125)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa098.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical, ml_categories_json AS ml_categories_json, ml_types_json AS ml_types_json, ml_intent_types_json AS ml_intent_types_json, meta_language AS meta_language, attrs_author AS attrs_author, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_publish_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_original_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_original_publish_time, ifNull(attrs_is_republished, 0) AS attrs_is_republished, ifNull(attrs_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_nr_words, ifNull(attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, ifNull(body_ext_links_number, 0) AS body_ext_links_number, ifNull(body_int_links_number, 0) AS body_int_links_number, ifNull(meta_nofollow, 0) AS meta_nofollow, ifNull(meta_noarchive, 0) AS meta_noarchive, ifNull(props_was_rendered, 0) AS props_was_rendered, ifNull(src_redirect, \'\') AS src_redirect, ifNull(download_time_msec, 0) AS download_time_msec, ifNull(download_ttfb_msec, 0) AS download_ttfb_msec, ifNull(download_size, 0) AS download_size FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.michiganmedicine.org/health-lab/mis-c-covid-related-condition-parents-need-know-about\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.michiganmedicine.org/health-lab/mis-c-covid-related-condition-parents-need-know-about\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/health-lab\/mis-c-covid-related-condition-parents-need-know-about","crawl_time":1776852813,"first_indexed_time":1675292018,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,michiganmedicine!www,\/health-lab\/mis-c-covid-related-condition-parents-need-know-about s443","src_root_hash":"10189133355254079098","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"MIS-C: The COVID-Related Condition Parents Need to Know About","meta_descriptions":["A pediatrician answers parents’ questions about the COVID-related multi-system inflammatory syndrome, MIS-C."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"This article is part of a series marking one year since the COVID-19 and pandemic began. \nRead more articles on the coronavirus from the Michigan Health and Michigan Health Lab blogs.\nFrom the beginning of the pandemic, experts noticed a silver lining: children were mostly spared from getting severely sick from COVID-19.\nA year later, that remains to be true with the majority of children either asymptomatic or experiencing mild illness from the virus. However, more states are also reporting cases of children developing a rare, but serious, condition called multi-system inflammatory syndrome, or MIS-C.\nMIS-C causes severe inflammation in vital organs and tissues, and without treatment, could be life-threatening.\nThe first cases were reported in May 2020 in just a few cities in the United States and parts of Europe. But today, 48 states in the country have documented MIS-C cases.\nChristine Mikesell, M.D.\n, one of the pediatric hospitalists who helped drive MIS-C clinical guidelines at Michigan Medicine\nC.S. Mott Children's Hospital\n, answers parents' top questions about this mysterious syndrome.\nSEE ALSO: Seeking Medical Care During COVID-19\nWhat has been learned about MIS-C so far?\nMikesell:\nMIS-C is an extreme immune response to COVID-19 marked by shock, fever, and multi-organ inflammation. It may cause severe inflammation in the heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, digestive system, brain, skin or eyes.\nThis condition initially appeared to only be observed in children weeks after recovering from COVID-19 and who tested positive for antibodies, but now we're also seeing cases where there's an overlap. Children have shown signs of MIS-C at the same time as testing positive for COVID-19.\nAt this point there are still many more questions than answers about MIS-C, including its cause and risk factors. The case numbers are so low, it's difficult to distinguish which children are at highest risk.\nBut several research studies, including ones my colleagues at Michigan Medicine are participating in, are studying MIS-C cases to learn more about the cause, risk factors and ways to improve diagnosis and treatment.\nHas there been a rise in MIS-C cases?\nMikesell:\nEarlier in the pandemic, urban centers in cities like Detroit and New York were seeing the highest numbers. But recently, following surges linked to the holiday season, we've heard about upticks in states like California, Illinois and Georgia. Our sense is that this mirrors the global increase in our total numbers and is a reflection of where COVID-19 has been more active.\nThis is still a relatively rare condition that has occurred in two out of 100,000 children, or less than .01% of the population.\nSEE ALSO: Seeking Medical Care During COVID-19\nWhat are the health risks of MIS-C to children?\nMikesell:\nFor parents, it can be alarming to see headlines focused on severely sick children. But this condition can be treated, and many children who develop MIS-C don't get critically ill or require intensive care. Most importantly, the majority of children who are treated for MIS-C recover entirely. \nHowever, there are rarer cases that have led to organ failure and death.\nThe Centers for Disease Control has reported about 2,617 cases of MIS-C across the U.S., with a total of 33 deaths.\nLong-term effects remain largely unknown, but a five-year study supported by the National Institutes of Health and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is following 600 children with MIS-C throughout 2025 to track long-term outcomes. One recent study from Boston suggests that some children hospitalized with MIS-C may also show neurologic symptoms, but that they were mostly transient.  \nMost children will need to follow up with a cardiologist and an infectious disease doctor to watch for potential lingering problems with coronary issues.\nWho does MIS-C primarily affect?\nMikesell:\nThis condition affects children and adolescents between ages 1 and 14, with the most common ages between 9-12. But we have also seen this in older teens and young adults in their early twenties.\nMore MIS-C cases are also being reported among Hispanic and Black populations. The CDC reports 66% of reported cases have occurred in children who are Hispanic or Latino (842 cases) or Black, Non-Hispanic (746 cases.) We continue to learn more, but this may be a reflection of the higher overall COVID-19 cases among these communities. \nWhat are the symptoms of MIS-C parents should look for?\nMikesell:\nUniversally, all children with MIS-C have a fever for more than a day that can last two to four days, sometimes with severe flu-like symptoms. Their fever usually isn't responsive to any fever reducing medications.\nMORE FROM MICHIGAN: Sign up for our weekly newsletter\nParents should call their doctor if their child experiences this type of persistent fever and appears fatigued and ill, or has a loss of appetite.\nOther symptoms vary child to child. But generally, younger children seem more likely to also experience a sunburn-like rash, bloodshot eyes, swollen hands and feet, cracked lips, a swollen tongue, congestion and swollen lymph nodes.\nAdolescents and teens tend to experience more of the associated gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, or a swollen abdomen, along with headaches and overall lethargy.\nBut every child is different and parents should seek medical attention if their child shows any combination of these symptoms alongside a fever. Symptoms can progress quickly.\nHow is MIS-C treated once diagnosed?\nMikesell\n: MIS-C presents itself similarly to another rare condition known as Kawasaki disease, which causes swelling in the walls of blood vessels throughout the body, increasing risk of aneurysms, blood clotting, gastrointestinal issues, kidney injury, neurologic symptoms or inflammation that hurts heart function. \nDoctors have been building on what they know about Kawasaki disease to treat MIS-C. This includes high dose aspirin, fluids and various medicines to treat inflammation. In severe cases, children may need to be treated in the pediatric intensive care unit.\nWe hope that more data and research will help us improve treatment options.\nHow have hospitals responded since the first cases of MIS-C?\nMikesell\n: When we first learned about MIS-C, our hospital created a task force that included experts across multiple specialties, including the emergency department, infectious diseases, immuno-hematology, cardiology and rheumatology.\nThis team monitored new data and studies while continuing to learn about MIS-C through colleagues at centers getting the highest case numbers and how patients were presenting in our clinics and emergency rooms.\nOur goal was to develop guidelines that would help us capture all patients at risk of developing this syndrome.\nWe set a low threshold for any child coming in with a fever for more than 24 hours. They were monitored for MIS-C and underwent further testing when they had accompanying symptoms\nIs there any way to prevent MIS-C?\nMikesell\n: The best protection against MIS-C is to follow recommended measures to minimize exposure to COVID-19. This includes wearing masks, frequent hand washing, social distancing and not gathering inside with people from multiple households.\nWhat else has been learned about COVID-19 in kids?\nMikesell:\nMost children who get infected with SARS-CoV-2 have mild symptoms or none at all. We're still learning about why some children go on to develop more serious symptoms, like MIS-C, than others, but severe COVID-19 disease in kids is still rare.\nAbout 1% of children with a known case of COVID-19 have been hospitalized and 0.01% have died.\nBabies under age one may be at higher risk of having severe illness, according to the CDC, as well as those with some underlying medical conditions, including asthma or chronic lung disease, diabetes, genetic or neurologic conditions, sickle cell disease, congenital heart disease, obesity, a weakened immune system or medical complexity.\nLike Podcasts? Add the\nMichigan Medicine News Break\non\n \niTunes\n,\nGoogle Podcast\nor anywhere you listen to podcasts.","attrs_markdown":"Consent for Cookie Use\n\nWe use cookies to improve your experience on our websites. 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[About Osher Lifelong Learning Institute](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/community\/osher-lifelong-learning-institute-olli\/about-osher-lifelong-learning-institute)\n    - [Donate Now to OLLI](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/community\/osher-lifelong-learning-institute-olli\/donate-now-olli)\n    - [Join OLLI](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/community\/osher-lifelong-learning-institute-olli\/join-olli)\n    - [OLLI Programs and Activities](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/community\/osher-lifelong-learning-institute-olli\/olli-programs-and-activities)\n    - [OLLI Volunteer Information](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/community\/osher-lifelong-learning-institute-olli\/olli-volunteer-information)\n      \n      - [OLLI Volunteer Roles](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/community\/osher-lifelong-learning-institute-olli\/olli-volunteer-information\/olli-volunteer-roles)\n  - [Sponsorship](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/community\/community-sponsorship)\n    \n    - [Frequently Asked Questions About Sponsorship](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/community\/sponsorship\/frequently-asked-questions-about-sponsorship)\n  - [Environmental, Social & Governance](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/community\/environmental-social-governance)\n    \n    - [Environmental Sustainability & Carbon Neutrality](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/community\/environmental-social-governance\/environmental-sustainability-carbon-neutrality)\n- [Giving](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving)\n  \n  - [Areas to Support](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support)\n    \n    - [Medical School Scholarships](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-medical-school-scholarships)\n    - [Rogel Cancer Center](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-rogel-cancer-center)\n      \n      - [Forbes Institute for Cancer Discovery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/rogel-cancer-center\/giving-forbes-institute-cancer-discovery)\n      - [Rogel and Blondy Center for Pancreatic Cancer](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/rogel-cancer-center\/giving-rogel-and-blondy-center-pancreatic-cancer)\n      - [Ronald Weiser Center for Prostate Cancer](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/rogel-cancer-center\/giving-ronald-weiser-center-prostate-cancer)\n      - [Weiser Family Center for Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/rogel-cancer-center\/giving-weiser-family-center-breast-cancer)\n    - [A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-alfred-taubman-medical-research-institute)\n    - [Alumni Class Giving](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/medical-school-alumni-class-giving)\n    - [Anesthesiology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-anesthesiology)\n    - [Biological Chemistry](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-biological-chemistry)\n    - [Biomedical Engineering](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-biomedical-engineering)\n    - [CSI Singapore-Rogel Cancer Center partnership](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-csi-singapore-rogel-cancer-center-partnership)\n    - [Cardiac Surgery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-cardiac-surgery)\n    - [Cell & Developmental Biology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-cell-developmental-biology)\n    - [Chad Carr Pediatric Brain Tumor Center](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-chad-carr-pediatric-brain-tumor-center)\n    - [Community Health Services](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/community-health-services)\n      \n      - [Adolescent Health Initiative](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/community-health-services\/adolescent-health-initiative)\n      - [Ann Arbor Meals on Wheels](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/community-health-services\/ann-arbor-meals-wheels)\n      - [Housing Bureau for Seniors](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/community-health-services\/housing-bureau-seniors)\n      - [Osher Lifelong Learning Institute (OLLI)](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/community-health-services\/osher-lifelong-learning-institute)\n      - [Regional Alliance for Healthy Schools](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/community-health-services\/regional-alliance-healthy-schools)\n      - [Silver Club Memory Programs](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/community-health-services\/silver-club-memory-programs)\n      - [Turner African American Services Council](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/community-health-services\/turner-african-american-services-council)\n      - [Turner Senior Wellness Program](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/community-health-services\/turner-senior-wellness-program)\n      - [Volunteer Services](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/community-health-services\/volunteer-services)\n    - [Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-gilbert-s-omenn-department-computational-medicine-and-bioinformatics)\n    - [Congenital Heart Center](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-congenital-heart-center)\n    - [Dermatology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-dermatology)\n    - [Eisenberg Family Depression Center](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-eisenberg-family-depression-center)\n    - [Elizabeth Weiser Caswell Diabetes Institute](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-caswell-diabetes-institute)\n    - [Emergency Medicine](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-emergency-medicine)\n    - [Environmental, Social & Governance](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-environmental-social-governance)\n    - [Family Medicine](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-family-medicine)\n    - [Fast Forward Medical Innovation](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-fast-forward-medical-innovation)\n    - [Frankel Cardiovascular Center (CVC)](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-frankel-cardiovascular-center)\n    - [Giving to C.S. Mott Children's Hospital](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-cs-mott-childrens-hospital)\n    - [Giving to the Kellogg Eye Center](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/kellogg-eye-center)\n    - [Heinz C. Prechter Bipolar Research Program](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-heinz-c-prechter-bipolar-research-program)\n    - [Human Genetics](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-human-genetics)\n    - [Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-institute-healthcare-policy-innovation)\n    - [Internal Medicine](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-internal-medicine)\n      \n      - [Allergy and Clinical Immunology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-allergy-and-clinical-immunology)\n      - [MEND](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-mend)\n      - [Nephrology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-nephrology)\n      - [Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-pulmonary-and-critical-care-medicine)\n      - [Rheumatology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-rheumatology)\n      - [Cardiology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-cardiology)\n      - [Gastroenterology\/Hepatology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-gastroenterologyhepatology)\n      - [General Medicine](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-general-medicine)\n      - [Genetic Medicine](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-genetic-medicine)\n      - [Geriatric and Palliative Medicine](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-geriatric-and-palliative-medicine)\n      - [Infectious Diseases](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-infectious-diseases)\n      - [Hematology\/Oncology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-hematologyoncology)\n      - [Hospital Medicine](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/internal-medicine\/giving-hospital-medicine)\n    - [Kresge Hearing Research Institute](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-kresge-hearing-research-institute)\n    - [Learning Health Sciences](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-learning-health-sciences)\n    - [Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-mary-h-weiser-food-allergy-center)\n    - [Medical School Student Programs](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-medical-school-student-programs)\n    - [Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-michigan-alzheimers-disease-center)\n    - [Michigan Neuroscience Institute](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-michigan-neuroscience-institute)\n    - [Microbiology & Immunology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-microbiology-immunology)\n    - [Molecular & Integrative Physiology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-molecular-integrative-physiology)\n    - [Nathan and Catherine Forbes Sports Medicine Institute](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-nathan-and-catherine-forbes-sports-medicine-institute)\n    - [Neurology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-neurology)\n    - [Neuroscience Graduate Program](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-neuroscience-graduate-program)\n    - [Neurosurgery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-neurosurgery)\n    - [Nursing](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-nursing-michigan)\n    - [Obstetrics & Gynecology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-obstetrics-gynecology)\n    - [Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-office-graduate-and-postdoctoral-studies)\n    - [Office of Patient Experience](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-office-patient-experience)\n    - [Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-ophthalmology-and-visual-sciences)\n    - [Orthopaedic Surgery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-orthopaedic-surgery)\n    - [Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-otolaryngology-head-and-neck-surgery)\n    - [Pathology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-pathology)\n    - [Pediatrics](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-pediatrics)\n    - [Pharmacology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-pharmacology)\n    - [Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-physical-medicine-rehabilitation)\n    - [Psychiatry](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-psychiatry)\n    - [Radiation Oncology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-radiation-oncology)\n    - [Radiology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-radiology)\n    - [Social Work](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-social-work)\n    - [Surgery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-surgery)\n      \n      - [General Surgery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/surgery\/giving-general-surgery)\n      - [Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/surgery\/giving-section-oral-and-maxillofacial-surgery)\n      - [Pediatric Surgery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/surgery\/giving-section-pediatric-surgery)\n      - [Plastic Surgery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/surgery\/giving-plastic-surgery)\n      - [Thoracic Surgery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/surgery\/giving-thoracic-surgery)\n      - [Transplant Surgery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/surgery\/giving-transplant-surgery)\n      - [Vascular Surgery](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/surgery\/giving-vascular-surgery)\n    - [Transplant Center](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-transplant-center)\n    - [Urology](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-urology)\n    - [Von Voigtlander Women's Hospital](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/areas-support\/giving-von-voigtlander-womens-hospital)\n  - [Campaign](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/look-to-michigan)\n  - [Ways to Give](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give)\n    \n    - [Annual & Recurring Gifts](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/annual-and-recurring-gifts)\n    - [Corporate and Foundation Gifts](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/corporate-and-foundation-gifts)\n    - [Cryptocurrency](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/cryptocurrency)\n    - [Donor Advised Funds](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/donor-advised-funds)\n    - [Endowments](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/endowments)\n    - [Estate & Planned Gifts](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/estate-and-planned-gifts)\n    - [In-Kind Gifts](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/kind-gifts)\n      \n      - [In-Kind Gifts to C.S. Mott Children's Hospital](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/kind-gifts\/cs-mott-childrens-hospital-kind-giving)\n        \n        - [Giving Library](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/kind-gifts\/kind-gifts-cs-mott-childrens-hospital\/giving-library)\n        - [Mott Toy Store](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/kind-gifts\/kind-gifts-cs-mott-childrens-hospital\/mott-toy-store)\n        - [Toy and Safety Guidelines](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/kind-gifts\/cs-mott-childrens-hospital-kind-giving#toy-safety-guidelines)\n    - [Memorial or Tribute Gifts](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/memorial-or-tribute-gifts)\n    - [Stocks and Securities](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/stocks-and-securities)\n    - [Wire and ACH Payments](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/ways-give\/wire-and-ach-payments)\n  - [Get Involved](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/giving-get-involved)\n  - [Fundraising Events](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events)\n    \n    - [Big Hearts for Seniors](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/big-hearts-seniors)\n      \n      - [Auction](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/big-hearts-seniors\/auction)\n      - [Committee](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/big-hearts-seniors\/big-hearts-seniors-committee)\n      - [Sponsors](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/big-hearts-seniors\/2026-sponsors)\n      - [Sponsorship Opportunities](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/big-hearts-seniors\/big-hearts-seniors-sponsorship-opportunities)\n    - [The Woodson Fund Events](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/woodson-fund-events)\n      \n      - [Event on Main](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/woodson-fund-events\/event-main)\n      - [Golf on Main](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/fundraising-events\/woodson-fund-events\/golf-main)\n      - [Sponsors](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/woodson-fund-events\/2026-event-main-golf-main-sponsors)\n      - [Sponsorship Opportunities](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/events-that-inspire-hope\/sponsorship-opportunities)\n    - [Women's Health Luncheon](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/womens-health-luncheon)\n      \n      - [Committee](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/womens-health-luncheon\/womens-health-luncheon-committee)\n      - [Sponsorship Opportunities](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/womens-health-luncheon\/sponsorship-opportunities)\n      - [Sponsors](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/womens-health-luncheon\/sponsors)\n    - [Mott Golf Classic](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/mott-golf-classic)\n      \n      - [Committee Members](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/mott-golf-classic\/committee-members)\n      - [Sponsorship Levels](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/mott-golf-classic\/sponsorship-levels)\n      - [2025 Sponsors](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/mott-golf-classic\/2025-sponsors)\n      - [Contact Information](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/fundraising-events\/mott-golf-classic\/contact-information)\n  - [About the Office of Development](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving\/about-michigan-medicine-office-development)\n- [News & Stories](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-and-stories-michigan-medicine)\n  \n  - [Health Lab](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/health-lab)\n  - [Medicine at Michigan](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/medicine-at-michigan)\n    \n    - [All Stories](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-stories\/medicine-michigan\/medicine-michigan-all-stories)\n      \n      - [Alumni Stories](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-stories\/medicine-michigan\/all-articles\/medicine-michigan-alumni-stories)\n      - [Faculty Stories](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/medicine-at-michigan\/faculty-stories)\n      - [Featured Stories](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/medicine-at-michigan\/featured-stories)\n      - [Student Stories](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-stories\/medicine-michigan\/all-stories\/medicine-michigan-student-stories)\n    - [Past Issues](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/medicine-at-michigan\/issue-list)\n  - [Michigan Answers](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/michigan-answers)\n    \n    - [Share Your Michigan Answer](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-stories\/michigan-answers\/share-your-michigan-answer)\n  - [Michigan Medicine Podcast Network](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/podcasts)\n    \n    - [Breaking Down Mental Health](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/breaking-down-mental-health)\n    - [Cancer Aware](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-stories\/michigan-medicine-podcast-network\/cancer-aware)\n    - [Health Lab Podcast](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/health-lab-podcast)\n    - [Michigan Answers](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/michigan-answers-podcast)\n    - [Michigan Medicine Presents](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/michigan-medicine-presents)\n    - [Michigan Medicine Surgery Sessions](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/michigan-surgery-sessions)\n    - [Minding Memory](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/minding-memory)\n    - [The Fundamentals](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-stories\/michigan-medicine-podcast-network\/fundamentals)\n    - [Well-Being at Michigan Medicine](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/well-being-michigan-medicine)\n  - [Press Room](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-stories\/michigan-medicine-press-room)\n    \n    - [Clips for Broadcast Media](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-stories\/press-room\/clips-broadcast-media)\n    - [Contact the Media Team](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-stories\/press-room\/contact-media-team)\n    - [Patient Privacy and HIPAA](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-stories\/press-room\/patient-privacy-and-hipaa)\n    - [Research News](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-stories\/press-room\/research-news)\n\n# MIS-C: The COVID-Related Condition Parents Need to Know About\nNearly every state has reported cases of a rare, but potentially life-threatening, COVID-related inflammatory illness affecting children.\n\nMarch 17, 2021 3:13 PM\n\nAuthor \\| [Beata Mostafavi](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/author\/beata-mostafavi)\n\n![father checking temperature on child in bed](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/article_main_image\/public\/blog\/Father-Checking-Temperature-Child-Fever.jpg?h=bfaa3d24&itok=UhcUBe0-)\n\n*This article is part of a series marking one year since the COVID-19 and pandemic began.* [*Read more articles on the coronavirus from the Michigan Health and Michigan Health Lab blogs.*](https:\/\/healthblog.uofmhealth.org\/wellness-prevention\/covid-19-coverage)\n\nFrom the beginning of the pandemic, experts noticed a silver lining: children were mostly spared from getting severely sick from COVID-19.\n\nA year later, that remains to be true with the majority of children either asymptomatic or experiencing mild illness from the virus. However, more states are also reporting cases of children developing a rare, but serious, condition called multi-system inflammatory syndrome, or MIS-C.\n\nMIS-C causes severe inflammation in vital organs and tissues, and without treatment, could be life-threatening.\n\nThe first cases were reported in May 2020 in just a few cities in the United States and parts of Europe. But today, 48 states in the country have documented MIS-C cases.\n\n[Christine Mikesell, M.D.](https:\/\/www.mottchildren.org\/profile\/33210\/christine-elizabeth-mikesell-md), one of the pediatric hospitalists who helped drive MIS-C clinical guidelines at Michigan Medicine [C.S. Mott Children's Hospital](https:\/\/www.mottchildren.org\/), answers parents' top questions about this mysterious syndrome.\n\n[***SEE ALSO: Seeking Medical Care During COVID-19***](https:\/\/www.uofmhealth.org\/coronavirus\/seeking-medical-care-covid-19)\n\n### **What has been learned about MIS-C so far?**\n*Mikesell:* MIS-C is an extreme immune response to COVID-19 marked by shock, fever, and multi-organ inflammation. It may cause severe inflammation in the heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, digestive system, brain, skin or eyes.\n\nThis condition initially appeared to only be observed in children weeks after recovering from COVID-19 and who tested positive for antibodies, but now we're also seeing cases where there's an overlap. Children have shown signs of MIS-C at the same time as testing positive for COVID-19.\n\nAt this point there are still many more questions than answers about MIS-C, including its cause and risk factors. The case numbers are so low, it's difficult to distinguish which children are at highest risk.\n\nBut several research studies, including ones my colleagues at Michigan Medicine are participating in, are studying MIS-C cases to learn more about the cause, risk factors and ways to improve diagnosis and treatment.\n\n### **Has there been a rise in MIS-C cases?**\n*Mikesell:* Earlier in the pandemic, urban centers in cities like Detroit and New York were seeing the highest numbers. But recently, following surges linked to the holiday season, we've heard about upticks in states like California, Illinois and Georgia. Our sense is that this mirrors the global increase in our total numbers and is a reflection of where COVID-19 has been more active.\n\nThis is still a relatively rare condition that has occurred in two out of 100,000 children, or less than .01% of the population.\n\n[***SEE ALSO: Seeking Medical Care During COVID-19***](https:\/\/www.uofmhealth.org\/coronavirus\/seeking-medical-care-covid-19)\n\n### **What are the health risks of MIS-C to children?**\n*Mikesell:* For parents, it can be alarming to see headlines focused on severely sick children. But this condition can be treated, and many children who develop MIS-C don't get critically ill or require intensive care. Most importantly, the majority of children who are treated for MIS-C recover entirely.\n\nHowever, there are rarer cases that have led to organ failure and death. [The Centers for Disease Control has reported about 2,617 cases of MIS-C across the U.S., with a total of 33 deaths.](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mis-c\/cases\/index.html)\n\nLong-term effects remain largely unknown, but a five-year study supported by the National Institutes of Health and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is following 600 children with MIS-C throughout 2025 to track long-term outcomes. One recent study from Boston suggests that some children hospitalized with MIS-C may also show neurologic symptoms, but that they were mostly transient.\n\n> This condition can be treated, and many children who develop MIS-C don't get critically ill or require intensive care. Most importantly, the majority of children who are treated for MIS-C recover.\n> \n> [Christine Mikesell, M.D.](https:\/\/www.mottchildren.org\/profile\/33210\/christine-elizabeth-mikesell-md)\n\nMost children will need to follow up with a cardiologist and an infectious disease doctor to watch for potential lingering problems with coronary issues.\n\n### **Who does MIS-C primarily affect?**\n*Mikesell:* This condition affects children and adolescents between ages 1 and 14, with the most common ages between 9-12. But we have also seen this in older teens and young adults in their early twenties.\n\nMore MIS-C cases are also being reported among Hispanic and Black populations. The CDC reports 66% of reported cases have occurred in children who are Hispanic or Latino (842 cases) or Black, Non-Hispanic (746 cases.) We continue to learn more, but this may be a reflection of the higher overall COVID-19 cases among these communities.\n\n### **What are the symptoms of MIS-C parents should look for?**\n*Mikesell:* Universally, all children with MIS-C have a fever for more than a day that can last two to four days, sometimes with severe flu-like symptoms. Their fever usually isn't responsive to any fever reducing medications.\n\n[***MORE FROM MICHIGAN: Sign up for our weekly newsletter***](https:\/\/healthblog.uofmhealth.org\/newsletter)\n\nParents should call their doctor if their child experiences this type of persistent fever and appears fatigued and ill, or has a loss of appetite.\n\nOther symptoms vary child to child. But generally, younger children seem more likely to also experience a sunburn-like rash, bloodshot eyes, swollen hands and feet, cracked lips, a swollen tongue, congestion and swollen lymph nodes.\n\nAdolescents and teens tend to experience more of the associated gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, or a swollen abdomen, along with headaches and overall lethargy.\n\nBut every child is different and parents should seek medical attention if their child shows any combination of these symptoms alongside a fever. Symptoms can progress quickly.\n\n### **How is MIS-C treated once diagnosed?**\n*Mikesell*: MIS-C presents itself similarly to another rare condition known as Kawasaki disease, which causes swelling in the walls of blood vessels throughout the body, increasing risk of aneurysms, blood clotting, gastrointestinal issues, kidney injury, neurologic symptoms or inflammation that hurts heart function.\n\nDoctors have been building on what they know about Kawasaki disease to treat MIS-C. This includes high dose aspirin, fluids and various medicines to treat inflammation. In severe cases, children may need to be treated in the pediatric intensive care unit.\n\nWe hope that more data and research will help us improve treatment options.\n\n### **How have hospitals responded since the first cases of MIS-C?**\n*Mikesell*: When we first learned about MIS-C, our hospital created a task force that included experts across multiple specialties, including the emergency department, infectious diseases, immuno-hematology, cardiology and rheumatology.\n\nThis team monitored new data and studies while continuing to learn about MIS-C through colleagues at centers getting the highest case numbers and how patients were presenting in our clinics and emergency rooms.\n\nOur goal was to develop guidelines that would help us capture all patients at risk of developing this syndrome.\n\nWe set a low threshold for any child coming in with a fever for more than 24 hours. They were monitored for MIS-C and underwent further testing when they had accompanying symptoms\n\n### **Is there any way to prevent MIS-C?**\n*Mikesell*: The best protection against MIS-C is to follow recommended measures to minimize exposure to COVID-19. This includes wearing masks, frequent hand washing, social distancing and not gathering inside with people from multiple households.\n\n### **What else has been learned about COVID-19 in kids?**\n*Mikesell:* Most children who get infected with SARS-CoV-2 have mild symptoms or none at all. We're still learning about why some children go on to develop more serious symptoms, like MIS-C, than others, but severe COVID-19 disease in kids is still rare.\n\nAbout 1% of children with a known case of COVID-19 have been hospitalized and 0.01% have died.\n\nBabies under age one may be at higher risk of having severe illness, according to the CDC, as well as those with some underlying medical conditions, including asthma or chronic lung disease, diabetes, genetic or neurologic conditions, sickle cell disease, congenital heart disease, obesity, a weakened immune system or medical complexity.\n\n***Like Podcasts? Add the*** [***Michigan Medicine News Break***](https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Michigan-Medicine-News-Break\/dp\/B07CS5B9LY\/?sa-no-redirect=1&pldnSite=1) ***on***[***iTunes***](https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/michigan-medicine-news-break\/id1390241260?mt=2)***,*** [***Google Podcast***](https:\/\/podcasts.google.com\/search\/michigan%20medicine%20news%20break) ***or anywhere you listen to podcasts.***\n\n***\n## More Articles About:\nChildren's Health\n\nCovid-19\n\nCommunity Health\n\nCS Mott Children's Hospital\n\nPediatric Health Conditions\n\nCongenital Heart Disease\n\nLungs and Breathing\n\nGrowth and Development\n\nHealth Screenings\n\ninfectious disease\n\n![Health Lab word mark overlaying blue cells](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/article_sidebar\/public\/2026-03\/HL%20Article%20Tag.jpg?h=0afd8502&itok=VtvrqoOD)\n\n## Health Lab\nExplore a variety of health care news & stories by visiting the Health Lab home page for more articles.\n\n### Media Contact\n![](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-10\/u-hospital-spring_large_1130x635.jpg)\n\n### Public Relations\nDepartment of Communication at Michigan Medicine\n\n[MichmedMedia@med.umich.edu](mailto:MichmedMedia@med.umich.edu)\n\n[734-764-2220](tel:734-764-2220)\n\n## Stay Informed\nWant top health & research news weekly? Sign up for Health Lab’s newsletters today\\!\n\nSubscribe\n\nSubscribe\n\n## Featured News & Stories\n![](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/card\/public\/oembed_thumbnails\/z457Xx_Hzpsf1nhwIcUHs8QhUxyzRJOBLdbh5xY3JyA.jpg?h=144d094f&itok=l-3oQU0p)\n\nHealth Lab\n\n### Returning to In-Person School During COVID-19\nAs many schools prepare to restart in-person learning, many parents and teachers have questions. Pediatric experts discuss what to know about returning to in-person school during COVID-19.\n\n![teen on couch laying in a graphic with parent looking at them with a question mark above head and cat stretching ](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/card\/public\/2026-04\/couch-mom-daughter-laying-down.gif?h=c71d0c67&itok=-bWPJdKf)\n\nHealth Lab\n\n### Is there a \"cliff effect” in physical activity after high school?\nOne in three parents say their child ages 18 to 25 is minimally active or inactive, according to the University of Michigan Health C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital National Poll on Children’s Health.\n\n![ferility pink moving time clocks vials pregnancy test baby outline](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/card\/public\/2026-04\/infertility-pregnancy-test-flowers-pink.gif?h=ae1281eb&itok=AEduMBR9)\n\nHealth Lab\n\n### What causes infertility? A doctor answers common questions and clears up misconceptions\nFor fertility, timing and age to stress and lifestyle all play a factor. Here, a Michigan Medicine fertility doctor explains what impacts your chances of getting pregnant and when to get help.\n\n![little girl in hospital bed with liver pillow](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/card\/public\/2026-04\/toddler-hospital-crib-plush-book.jpg?h=f0fb51a5&itok=QH4Nxe3d)\n\nHealth Lab\n\n### 2-year-old thrives after liver transplant for biliary atresia\nLiving donor allows 2-year-old to thrive after a liver transplant she needed.\n\n![little boy with basketballs and Michigan C.S. Mott logo behind him](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/card\/public\/2026-04\/child-smiling-pajamas-basketballs-mural.jpg?h=f0fb51a5&itok=EalVMDg9)\n\nHealth Lab\n\n### First U-M patient receives newly FDA-approved stem cell therapy for sickle cell anemia\nElijah Dottery, diagnosed with sickle cell anemia as a baby, becomes the first U-M patient to receive the newly-approved FDA therapy which involves using mesenchymal stem cells.\n\n![silhouette of pregnant woman black on grey background with white background behind the body glowing](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/card\/public\/2026-04\/pregnant-woman-mother-silhouette-somber.jpg?h=f0fb51a5&itok=G5ZyWIXN)\n\nHealth Lab\n\n### Maternal deaths rose during pandemic, remain elevated for Black women, study finds\nPregnancy-related, maternal deaths in the United States increased sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the greatest impact seen among Black women, a new study suggests.\n\n[Facebook](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/#facebook)\n\n[X](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/#x)\n\n[Email](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/#email)\n\n[Bluesky](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/#bluesky)\n\n[Share](https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michiganmedicine.org%2Fhealth-lab%2Fmis-c-covid-related-condition-parents-need-know-about&title=MIS-C%3A%20The%20COVID-Related%20Condition%20Parents%20Need%20to%20Know%20About)\n\n[Facebook](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/#facebook)\n\n[X](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/#x)\n\n[Email](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/#email)\n\n[Bluesky](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/#bluesky)\n\n[Share](https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michiganmedicine.org%2Fhealth-lab%2Fmis-c-covid-related-condition-parents-need-know-about&title=MIS-C%3A%20The%20COVID-Related%20Condition%20Parents%20Need%20to%20Know%20About)\n\n![logo](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/themes\/custom\/outline_frontend\/mm-logo-white-text.svg)\n\nWe transform lives through bold discovery, compassionate care and innovative education.\n\n- [Michigan Medicine](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/)\n  \n  - [About](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/about-us)\n  - [Mission](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/michigan-medicine-mission)\n  - [Community](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/community)\n  - [Giving](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/giving)\n  - [News & Stories](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/news-and-stories-michigan-medicine)\n- [Patient Care](https:\/\/www.uofmhealth.org\/)\n  \n  - [Find a Doctor](https:\/\/www.uofmhealth.org\/find-a-doctor)\n  - [Patient & Visitor Guide](https:\/\/www.uofmhealth.org\/patients-visitors)\n  - [Patient Portal Login](https:\/\/www.myuofmhealth.org\/MyChart-PRD\/Authentication\/Login)\n- [Research](https:\/\/medresearch.umich.edu\/)\n  \n  - [Clinical Trials](https:\/\/medresearch.umich.edu\/clinical-studies)\n  - [Research Labs](https:\/\/medresearch.umich.edu\/labs-departments\/labs)\n  - [Research Centers](https:\/\/medresearch.umich.edu\/labs-departments\/centers)\n  - [Cores and Resources](https:\/\/medresearch.umich.edu\/office-research\/cores-resources)\n- [Education](https:\/\/medschool.umich.edu\/)\n  \n  - [Programs & Admissions](https:\/\/medschool.umich.edu\/programs-admissions)\n  - [Our Community](https:\/\/medschool.umich.edu\/our-community)\n  - [Departments, Centers & Offices](https:\/\/medschool.umich.edu\/departments-centers-offices)\n  - [About the Medical School](https:\/\/medschool.umich.edu\/about-university-michigan-medical-school \"About the University of Michigan Medical School\")\n  - [Intranet](https:\/\/umhealth.sharepoint.com\/sites\/msa)\n\nYour gift changes lives. It’s never been easier to make an impact.\n\nMake a Gift\n\nAccelerate your career. Advance world health.\n\nCareers at Michigan Medicine\n\nReport Sexual Misconduct, Discrimination and Harassment\n\n## Global Footer Secondary Navigation\n© Copyright 1995-2026 Regents of the University of Michigan\n\nAccessibility Statement\n\nCommunication Preferences\n\nDisclaimer\n\nInternet Privacy\n\nPatient Privacy\n\nU-M Non-Discrimination\n\nDepartment of Communication\n\nHealth Information Technology & Services\n\nMichigan Medicine Finance\n\n[Jump back to top](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/health-lab\/mis-c-covid-related-condition-parents-need-know-about#main-content)\n\n✓\n\nThanks for sharing\\!\n\n[AddToAny](https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/ \"Share Buttons\")\n\n[More…](https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/health-lab\/mis-c-covid-related-condition-parents-need-know-about#addtoany \"Show all\")","attrs_readable_markdown":"*This article is part of a series marking one year since the COVID-19 and pandemic began.* [*Read more articles on the coronavirus from the Michigan Health and Michigan Health Lab blogs.*](https:\/\/healthblog.uofmhealth.org\/wellness-prevention\/covid-19-coverage)\n\nFrom the beginning of the pandemic, experts noticed a silver lining: children were mostly spared from getting severely sick from COVID-19.\n\nA year later, that remains to be true with the majority of children either asymptomatic or experiencing mild illness from the virus. However, more states are also reporting cases of children developing a rare, but serious, condition called multi-system inflammatory syndrome, or MIS-C.\n\nMIS-C causes severe inflammation in vital organs and tissues, and without treatment, could be life-threatening.\n\nThe first cases were reported in May 2020 in just a few cities in the United States and parts of Europe. But today, 48 states in the country have documented MIS-C cases.\n\n[Christine Mikesell, M.D.](https:\/\/www.mottchildren.org\/profile\/33210\/christine-elizabeth-mikesell-md), one of the pediatric hospitalists who helped drive MIS-C clinical guidelines at Michigan Medicine [C.S. Mott Children's Hospital](https:\/\/www.mottchildren.org\/), answers parents' top questions about this mysterious syndrome.\n\n[***SEE ALSO: Seeking Medical Care During COVID-19***](https:\/\/www.uofmhealth.org\/coronavirus\/seeking-medical-care-covid-19)\n\n### **What has been learned about MIS-C so far?**\n*Mikesell:* MIS-C is an extreme immune response to COVID-19 marked by shock, fever, and multi-organ inflammation. It may cause severe inflammation in the heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, digestive system, brain, skin or eyes.\n\nThis condition initially appeared to only be observed in children weeks after recovering from COVID-19 and who tested positive for antibodies, but now we're also seeing cases where there's an overlap. Children have shown signs of MIS-C at the same time as testing positive for COVID-19.\n\nAt this point there are still many more questions than answers about MIS-C, including its cause and risk factors. The case numbers are so low, it's difficult to distinguish which children are at highest risk.\n\nBut several research studies, including ones my colleagues at Michigan Medicine are participating in, are studying MIS-C cases to learn more about the cause, risk factors and ways to improve diagnosis and treatment.\n\n### **Has there been a rise in MIS-C cases?**\n*Mikesell:* Earlier in the pandemic, urban centers in cities like Detroit and New York were seeing the highest numbers. But recently, following surges linked to the holiday season, we've heard about upticks in states like California, Illinois and Georgia. Our sense is that this mirrors the global increase in our total numbers and is a reflection of where COVID-19 has been more active.\n\nThis is still a relatively rare condition that has occurred in two out of 100,000 children, or less than .01% of the population.\n\n[***SEE ALSO: Seeking Medical Care During COVID-19***](https:\/\/www.uofmhealth.org\/coronavirus\/seeking-medical-care-covid-19)\n\n### **What are the health risks of MIS-C to children?**\n*Mikesell:* For parents, it can be alarming to see headlines focused on severely sick children. But this condition can be treated, and many children who develop MIS-C don't get critically ill or require intensive care. Most importantly, the majority of children who are treated for MIS-C recover entirely.\n\nHowever, there are rarer cases that have led to organ failure and death. [The Centers for Disease Control has reported about 2,617 cases of MIS-C across the U.S., with a total of 33 deaths.](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mis-c\/cases\/index.html)\n\nLong-term effects remain largely unknown, but a five-year study supported by the National Institutes of Health and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is following 600 children with MIS-C throughout 2025 to track long-term outcomes. One recent study from Boston suggests that some children hospitalized with MIS-C may also show neurologic symptoms, but that they were mostly transient.\n\nMost children will need to follow up with a cardiologist and an infectious disease doctor to watch for potential lingering problems with coronary issues.\n\n### **Who does MIS-C primarily affect?**\n*Mikesell:* This condition affects children and adolescents between ages 1 and 14, with the most common ages between 9-12. But we have also seen this in older teens and young adults in their early twenties.\n\nMore MIS-C cases are also being reported among Hispanic and Black populations. The CDC reports 66% of reported cases have occurred in children who are Hispanic or Latino (842 cases) or Black, Non-Hispanic (746 cases.) We continue to learn more, but this may be a reflection of the higher overall COVID-19 cases among these communities.\n\n### **What are the symptoms of MIS-C parents should look for?**\n*Mikesell:* Universally, all children with MIS-C have a fever for more than a day that can last two to four days, sometimes with severe flu-like symptoms. Their fever usually isn't responsive to any fever reducing medications.\n\n[***MORE FROM MICHIGAN: Sign up for our weekly newsletter***](https:\/\/healthblog.uofmhealth.org\/newsletter)\n\nParents should call their doctor if their child experiences this type of persistent fever and appears fatigued and ill, or has a loss of appetite.\n\nOther symptoms vary child to child. But generally, younger children seem more likely to also experience a sunburn-like rash, bloodshot eyes, swollen hands and feet, cracked lips, a swollen tongue, congestion and swollen lymph nodes.\n\nAdolescents and teens tend to experience more of the associated gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, or a swollen abdomen, along with headaches and overall lethargy.\n\nBut every child is different and parents should seek medical attention if their child shows any combination of these symptoms alongside a fever. Symptoms can progress quickly.\n\n### **How is MIS-C treated once diagnosed?**\n*Mikesell*: MIS-C presents itself similarly to another rare condition known as Kawasaki disease, which causes swelling in the walls of blood vessels throughout the body, increasing risk of aneurysms, blood clotting, gastrointestinal issues, kidney injury, neurologic symptoms or inflammation that hurts heart function.\n\nDoctors have been building on what they know about Kawasaki disease to treat MIS-C. This includes high dose aspirin, fluids and various medicines to treat inflammation. In severe cases, children may need to be treated in the pediatric intensive care unit.\n\nWe hope that more data and research will help us improve treatment options.\n\n### **How have hospitals responded since the first cases of MIS-C?**\n*Mikesell*: When we first learned about MIS-C, our hospital created a task force that included experts across multiple specialties, including the emergency department, infectious diseases, immuno-hematology, cardiology and rheumatology.\n\nThis team monitored new data and studies while continuing to learn about MIS-C through colleagues at centers getting the highest case numbers and how patients were presenting in our clinics and emergency rooms.\n\nOur goal was to develop guidelines that would help us capture all patients at risk of developing this syndrome.\n\nWe set a low threshold for any child coming in with a fever for more than 24 hours. They were monitored for MIS-C and underwent further testing when they had accompanying symptoms\n\n### **Is there any way to prevent MIS-C?**\n*Mikesell*: The best protection against MIS-C is to follow recommended measures to minimize exposure to COVID-19. This includes wearing masks, frequent hand washing, social distancing and not gathering inside with people from multiple households.\n\n### **What else has been learned about COVID-19 in kids?**\n*Mikesell:* Most children who get infected with SARS-CoV-2 have mild symptoms or none at all. We're still learning about why some children go on to develop more serious symptoms, like MIS-C, than others, but severe COVID-19 disease in kids is still rare.\n\nAbout 1% of children with a known case of COVID-19 have been hospitalized and 0.01% have died.\n\nBabies under age one may be at higher risk of having severe illness, according to the CDC, as well as those with some underlying medical conditions, including asthma or chronic lung disease, diabetes, genetic or neurologic conditions, sickle cell disease, congenital heart disease, obesity, a weakened immune system or medical complexity.\n\n***Like Podcasts? Add the*** [***Michigan Medicine News Break***](https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Michigan-Medicine-News-Break\/dp\/B07CS5B9LY\/?sa-no-redirect=1&pldnSite=1) ***on***[***iTunes***](https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/michigan-medicine-news-break\/id1390241260?mt=2)***,*** [***Google Podcast***](https:\/\/podcasts.google.com\/search\/michigan%20medicine%20news%20break) ***or anywhere you listen to podcasts.***","meta_canonical":null,"ml_categories_json":"{\"\/Health\":998,\"\/Health\/Pediatrics\":927}","ml_types_json":"{\"\/Article\":998,\"\/Article\/FAQ\":616}","ml_intent_types_json":"{\"Informational\":999}","meta_language":"en","attrs_author":"Beata Mostafavi","attrs_publish_time":1615982400,"attrs_original_publish_time":1615982400,"attrs_is_republished":0,"attrs_nr_words":"2725","attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words":"1284","body_ext_links_number":49,"body_int_links_number":267,"meta_nofollow":0,"meta_noarchive":0,"props_was_rendered":1,"src_redirect":"","download_time_msec":2881,"download_ttfb_msec":2880,"download_size":23483}

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MIS-C: The COVID-Related Condition Parents Need to Know About

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A pediatrician answers parents’ questions about the COVID-related multi-system inflammatory syndrome, MIS-C.

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This article is part of a series marking one year since the COVID-19 and pandemic began. Read more articles on the coronavirus from the Michigan Health and Michigan Health Lab blogs. From the beginning of the pandemic, experts noticed a silver lining: children were mostly spared from getting severely sick from COVID-19. A year later, that remains to be true with the majority of children either asymptomatic or experiencing mild illness from the virus. However, more states are also reporting cases of children developing a rare, but serious, condition called multi-system inflammatory syndrome, or MIS-C. MIS-C causes severe inflammation in vital organs and tissues, and without treatment, could be life-threatening. The first cases were reported in May 2020 in just a few cities in the United States and parts of Europe. But today, 48 states in the country have documented MIS-C cases. Christine Mikesell, M.D. , one of the pediatric hospitalists who helped drive MIS-C clinical guidelines at Michigan Medicine C.S. Mott Children's Hospital , answers parents' top questions about this mysterious syndrome. SEE ALSO: Seeking Medical Care During COVID-19 What has been learned about MIS-C so far? Mikesell: MIS-C is an extreme immune response to COVID-19 marked by shock, fever, and multi-organ inflammation. It may cause severe inflammation in the heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, digestive system, brain, skin or eyes. This condition initially appeared to only be observed in children weeks after recovering from COVID-19 and who tested positive for antibodies, but now we're also seeing cases where there's an overlap. Children have shown signs of MIS-C at the same time as testing positive for COVID-19. At this point there are still many more questions than answers about MIS-C, including its cause and risk factors. The case numbers are so low, it's difficult to distinguish which children are at highest risk. But several research studies, including ones my colleagues at Michigan Medicine are participating in, are studying MIS-C cases to learn more about the cause, risk factors and ways to improve diagnosis and treatment. Has there been a rise in MIS-C cases? Mikesell: Earlier in the pandemic, urban centers in cities like Detroit and New York were seeing the highest numbers. But recently, following surges linked to the holiday season, we've heard about upticks in states like California, Illinois and Georgia. Our sense is that this mirrors the global increase in our total numbers and is a reflection of where COVID-19 has been more active. This is still a relatively rare condition that has occurred in two out of 100,000 children, or less than .01% of the population. SEE ALSO: Seeking Medical Care During COVID-19 What are the health risks of MIS-C to children? Mikesell: For parents, it can be alarming to see headlines focused on severely sick children. But this condition can be treated, and many children who develop MIS-C don't get critically ill or require intensive care. Most importantly, the majority of children who are treated for MIS-C recover entirely. However, there are rarer cases that have led to organ failure and death. The Centers for Disease Control has reported about 2,617 cases of MIS-C across the U.S., with a total of 33 deaths. Long-term effects remain largely unknown, but a five-year study supported by the National Institutes of Health and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is following 600 children with MIS-C throughout 2025 to track long-term outcomes. One recent study from Boston suggests that some children hospitalized with MIS-C may also show neurologic symptoms, but that they were mostly transient. Most children will need to follow up with a cardiologist and an infectious disease doctor to watch for potential lingering problems with coronary issues. Who does MIS-C primarily affect? Mikesell: This condition affects children and adolescents between ages 1 and 14, with the most common ages between 9-12. But we have also seen this in older teens and young adults in their early twenties. More MIS-C cases are also being reported among Hispanic and Black populations. The CDC reports 66% of reported cases have occurred in children who are Hispanic or Latino (842 cases) or Black, Non-Hispanic (746 cases.) We continue to learn more, but this may be a reflection of the higher overall COVID-19 cases among these communities. What are the symptoms of MIS-C parents should look for? Mikesell: Universally, all children with MIS-C have a fever for more than a day that can last two to four days, sometimes with severe flu-like symptoms. Their fever usually isn't responsive to any fever reducing medications. MORE FROM MICHIGAN: Sign up for our weekly newsletter Parents should call their doctor if their child experiences this type of persistent fever and appears fatigued and ill, or has a loss of appetite. Other symptoms vary child to child. But generally, younger children seem more likely to also experience a sunburn-like rash, bloodshot eyes, swollen hands and feet, cracked lips, a swollen tongue, congestion and swollen lymph nodes. Adolescents and teens tend to experience more of the associated gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, or a swollen abdomen, along with headaches and overall lethargy. But every child is different and parents should seek medical attention if their child shows any combination of these symptoms alongside a fever. Symptoms can progress quickly. How is MIS-C treated once diagnosed? Mikesell : MIS-C presents itself similarly to another rare condition known as Kawasaki disease, which causes swelling in the walls of blood vessels throughout the body, increasing risk of aneurysms, blood clotting, gastrointestinal issues, kidney injury, neurologic symptoms or inflammation that hurts heart function. Doctors have been building on what they know about Kawasaki disease to treat MIS-C. This includes high dose aspirin, fluids and various medicines to treat inflammation. In severe cases, children may need to be treated in the pediatric intensive care unit. We hope that more data and research will help us improve treatment options. How have hospitals responded since the first cases of MIS-C? Mikesell : When we first learned about MIS-C, our hospital created a task force that included experts across multiple specialties, including the emergency department, infectious diseases, immuno-hematology, cardiology and rheumatology. This team monitored new data and studies while continuing to learn about MIS-C through colleagues at centers getting the highest case numbers and how patients were presenting in our clinics and emergency rooms. Our goal was to develop guidelines that would help us capture all patients at risk of developing this syndrome. We set a low threshold for any child coming in with a fever for more than 24 hours. They were monitored for MIS-C and underwent further testing when they had accompanying symptoms Is there any way to prevent MIS-C? Mikesell : The best protection against MIS-C is to follow recommended measures to minimize exposure to COVID-19. This includes wearing masks, frequent hand washing, social distancing and not gathering inside with people from multiple households. What else has been learned about COVID-19 in kids? Mikesell: Most children who get infected with SARS-CoV-2 have mild symptoms or none at all. We're still learning about why some children go on to develop more serious symptoms, like MIS-C, than others, but severe COVID-19 disease in kids is still rare. About 1% of children with a known case of COVID-19 have been hospitalized and 0.01% have died. Babies under age one may be at higher risk of having severe illness, according to the CDC, as well as those with some underlying medical conditions, including asthma or chronic lung disease, diabetes, genetic or neurologic conditions, sickle cell disease, congenital heart disease, obesity, a weakened immune system or medical complexity. Like Podcasts? Add the Michigan Medicine News Break on iTunes , Google Podcast or anywhere you listen to podcasts.

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March 17, 2021 3:13 PM Author \| [Beata Mostafavi](https://www.michiganmedicine.org/author/beata-mostafavi) ![father checking temperature on child in bed](https://www.michiganmedicine.org/sites/default/files/styles/article_main_image/public/blog/Father-Checking-Temperature-Child-Fever.jpg?h=bfaa3d24&itok=UhcUBe0-) *This article is part of a series marking one year since the COVID-19 and pandemic began.* [*Read more articles on the coronavirus from the Michigan Health and Michigan Health Lab blogs.*](https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/wellness-prevention/covid-19-coverage) From the beginning of the pandemic, experts noticed a silver lining: children were mostly spared from getting severely sick from COVID-19. A year later, that remains to be true with the majority of children either asymptomatic or experiencing mild illness from the virus. However, more states are also reporting cases of children developing a rare, but serious, condition called multi-system inflammatory syndrome, or MIS-C. MIS-C causes severe inflammation in vital organs and tissues, and without treatment, could be life-threatening. The first cases were reported in May 2020 in just a few cities in the United States and parts of Europe. But today, 48 states in the country have documented MIS-C cases. [Christine Mikesell, M.D.](https://www.mottchildren.org/profile/33210/christine-elizabeth-mikesell-md), one of the pediatric hospitalists who helped drive MIS-C clinical guidelines at Michigan Medicine [C.S. Mott Children's Hospital](https://www.mottchildren.org/), answers parents' top questions about this mysterious syndrome. [***SEE ALSO: Seeking Medical Care During COVID-19***](https://www.uofmhealth.org/coronavirus/seeking-medical-care-covid-19) ### **What has been learned about MIS-C so far?** *Mikesell:* MIS-C is an extreme immune response to COVID-19 marked by shock, fever, and multi-organ inflammation. It may cause severe inflammation in the heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, digestive system, brain, skin or eyes. This condition initially appeared to only be observed in children weeks after recovering from COVID-19 and who tested positive for antibodies, but now we're also seeing cases where there's an overlap. Children have shown signs of MIS-C at the same time as testing positive for COVID-19. At this point there are still many more questions than answers about MIS-C, including its cause and risk factors. The case numbers are so low, it's difficult to distinguish which children are at highest risk. But several research studies, including ones my colleagues at Michigan Medicine are participating in, are studying MIS-C cases to learn more about the cause, risk factors and ways to improve diagnosis and treatment. ### **Has there been a rise in MIS-C cases?** *Mikesell:* Earlier in the pandemic, urban centers in cities like Detroit and New York were seeing the highest numbers. But recently, following surges linked to the holiday season, we've heard about upticks in states like California, Illinois and Georgia. Our sense is that this mirrors the global increase in our total numbers and is a reflection of where COVID-19 has been more active. This is still a relatively rare condition that has occurred in two out of 100,000 children, or less than .01% of the population. [***SEE ALSO: Seeking Medical Care During COVID-19***](https://www.uofmhealth.org/coronavirus/seeking-medical-care-covid-19) ### **What are the health risks of MIS-C to children?** *Mikesell:* For parents, it can be alarming to see headlines focused on severely sick children. But this condition can be treated, and many children who develop MIS-C don't get critically ill or require intensive care. Most importantly, the majority of children who are treated for MIS-C recover entirely. However, there are rarer cases that have led to organ failure and death. [The Centers for Disease Control has reported about 2,617 cases of MIS-C across the U.S., with a total of 33 deaths.](https://www.cdc.gov/mis-c/cases/index.html) Long-term effects remain largely unknown, but a five-year study supported by the National Institutes of Health and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is following 600 children with MIS-C throughout 2025 to track long-term outcomes. One recent study from Boston suggests that some children hospitalized with MIS-C may also show neurologic symptoms, but that they were mostly transient. > This condition can be treated, and many children who develop MIS-C don't get critically ill or require intensive care. Most importantly, the majority of children who are treated for MIS-C recover. > > [Christine Mikesell, M.D.](https://www.mottchildren.org/profile/33210/christine-elizabeth-mikesell-md) Most children will need to follow up with a cardiologist and an infectious disease doctor to watch for potential lingering problems with coronary issues. ### **Who does MIS-C primarily affect?** *Mikesell:* This condition affects children and adolescents between ages 1 and 14, with the most common ages between 9-12. But we have also seen this in older teens and young adults in their early twenties. More MIS-C cases are also being reported among Hispanic and Black populations. The CDC reports 66% of reported cases have occurred in children who are Hispanic or Latino (842 cases) or Black, Non-Hispanic (746 cases.) We continue to learn more, but this may be a reflection of the higher overall COVID-19 cases among these communities. ### **What are the symptoms of MIS-C parents should look for?** *Mikesell:* Universally, all children with MIS-C have a fever for more than a day that can last two to four days, sometimes with severe flu-like symptoms. Their fever usually isn't responsive to any fever reducing medications. [***MORE FROM MICHIGAN: Sign up for our weekly newsletter***](https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/newsletter) Parents should call their doctor if their child experiences this type of persistent fever and appears fatigued and ill, or has a loss of appetite. Other symptoms vary child to child. But generally, younger children seem more likely to also experience a sunburn-like rash, bloodshot eyes, swollen hands and feet, cracked lips, a swollen tongue, congestion and swollen lymph nodes. Adolescents and teens tend to experience more of the associated gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, or a swollen abdomen, along with headaches and overall lethargy. But every child is different and parents should seek medical attention if their child shows any combination of these symptoms alongside a fever. Symptoms can progress quickly. ### **How is MIS-C treated once diagnosed?** *Mikesell*: MIS-C presents itself similarly to another rare condition known as Kawasaki disease, which causes swelling in the walls of blood vessels throughout the body, increasing risk of aneurysms, blood clotting, gastrointestinal issues, kidney injury, neurologic symptoms or inflammation that hurts heart function. Doctors have been building on what they know about Kawasaki disease to treat MIS-C. This includes high dose aspirin, fluids and various medicines to treat inflammation. In severe cases, children may need to be treated in the pediatric intensive care unit. We hope that more data and research will help us improve treatment options. ### **How have hospitals responded since the first cases of MIS-C?** *Mikesell*: When we first learned about MIS-C, our hospital created a task force that included experts across multiple specialties, including the emergency department, infectious diseases, immuno-hematology, cardiology and rheumatology. This team monitored new data and studies while continuing to learn about MIS-C through colleagues at centers getting the highest case numbers and how patients were presenting in our clinics and emergency rooms. Our goal was to develop guidelines that would help us capture all patients at risk of developing this syndrome. We set a low threshold for any child coming in with a fever for more than 24 hours. They were monitored for MIS-C and underwent further testing when they had accompanying symptoms ### **Is there any way to prevent MIS-C?** *Mikesell*: The best protection against MIS-C is to follow recommended measures to minimize exposure to COVID-19. This includes wearing masks, frequent hand washing, social distancing and not gathering inside with people from multiple households. ### **What else has been learned about COVID-19 in kids?** *Mikesell:* Most children who get infected with SARS-CoV-2 have mild symptoms or none at all. We're still learning about why some children go on to develop more serious symptoms, like MIS-C, than others, but severe COVID-19 disease in kids is still rare. About 1% of children with a known case of COVID-19 have been hospitalized and 0.01% have died. Babies under age one may be at higher risk of having severe illness, according to the CDC, as well as those with some underlying medical conditions, including asthma or chronic lung disease, diabetes, genetic or neurologic conditions, sickle cell disease, congenital heart disease, obesity, a weakened immune system or medical complexity. ***Like Podcasts? 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Mott Children’s Hospital National Poll on Children’s Health. ![ferility pink moving time clocks vials pregnancy test baby outline](https://www.michiganmedicine.org/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2026-04/infertility-pregnancy-test-flowers-pink.gif?h=ae1281eb&itok=AEduMBR9) Health Lab ### What causes infertility? A doctor answers common questions and clears up misconceptions For fertility, timing and age to stress and lifestyle all play a factor. Here, a Michigan Medicine fertility doctor explains what impacts your chances of getting pregnant and when to get help. ![little girl in hospital bed with liver pillow](https://www.michiganmedicine.org/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2026-04/toddler-hospital-crib-plush-book.jpg?h=f0fb51a5&itok=QH4Nxe3d) Health Lab ### 2-year-old thrives after liver transplant for biliary atresia Living donor allows 2-year-old to thrive after a liver transplant she needed. ![little boy with basketballs and Michigan C.S. 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Readable Markdown

*This article is part of a series marking one year since the COVID-19 and pandemic began.* [*Read more articles on the coronavirus from the Michigan Health and Michigan Health Lab blogs.*](https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/wellness-prevention/covid-19-coverage) From the beginning of the pandemic, experts noticed a silver lining: children were mostly spared from getting severely sick from COVID-19. A year later, that remains to be true with the majority of children either asymptomatic or experiencing mild illness from the virus. However, more states are also reporting cases of children developing a rare, but serious, condition called multi-system inflammatory syndrome, or MIS-C. MIS-C causes severe inflammation in vital organs and tissues, and without treatment, could be life-threatening. The first cases were reported in May 2020 in just a few cities in the United States and parts of Europe. But today, 48 states in the country have documented MIS-C cases. [Christine Mikesell, M.D.](https://www.mottchildren.org/profile/33210/christine-elizabeth-mikesell-md), one of the pediatric hospitalists who helped drive MIS-C clinical guidelines at Michigan Medicine [C.S. Mott Children's Hospital](https://www.mottchildren.org/), answers parents' top questions about this mysterious syndrome. [***SEE ALSO: Seeking Medical Care During COVID-19***](https://www.uofmhealth.org/coronavirus/seeking-medical-care-covid-19) ### **What has been learned about MIS-C so far?** *Mikesell:* MIS-C is an extreme immune response to COVID-19 marked by shock, fever, and multi-organ inflammation. It may cause severe inflammation in the heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, digestive system, brain, skin or eyes. This condition initially appeared to only be observed in children weeks after recovering from COVID-19 and who tested positive for antibodies, but now we're also seeing cases where there's an overlap. Children have shown signs of MIS-C at the same time as testing positive for COVID-19. At this point there are still many more questions than answers about MIS-C, including its cause and risk factors. The case numbers are so low, it's difficult to distinguish which children are at highest risk. But several research studies, including ones my colleagues at Michigan Medicine are participating in, are studying MIS-C cases to learn more about the cause, risk factors and ways to improve diagnosis and treatment. ### **Has there been a rise in MIS-C cases?** *Mikesell:* Earlier in the pandemic, urban centers in cities like Detroit and New York were seeing the highest numbers. But recently, following surges linked to the holiday season, we've heard about upticks in states like California, Illinois and Georgia. Our sense is that this mirrors the global increase in our total numbers and is a reflection of where COVID-19 has been more active. This is still a relatively rare condition that has occurred in two out of 100,000 children, or less than .01% of the population. [***SEE ALSO: Seeking Medical Care During COVID-19***](https://www.uofmhealth.org/coronavirus/seeking-medical-care-covid-19) ### **What are the health risks of MIS-C to children?** *Mikesell:* For parents, it can be alarming to see headlines focused on severely sick children. But this condition can be treated, and many children who develop MIS-C don't get critically ill or require intensive care. Most importantly, the majority of children who are treated for MIS-C recover entirely. However, there are rarer cases that have led to organ failure and death. [The Centers for Disease Control has reported about 2,617 cases of MIS-C across the U.S., with a total of 33 deaths.](https://www.cdc.gov/mis-c/cases/index.html) Long-term effects remain largely unknown, but a five-year study supported by the National Institutes of Health and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is following 600 children with MIS-C throughout 2025 to track long-term outcomes. One recent study from Boston suggests that some children hospitalized with MIS-C may also show neurologic symptoms, but that they were mostly transient. Most children will need to follow up with a cardiologist and an infectious disease doctor to watch for potential lingering problems with coronary issues. ### **Who does MIS-C primarily affect?** *Mikesell:* This condition affects children and adolescents between ages 1 and 14, with the most common ages between 9-12. But we have also seen this in older teens and young adults in their early twenties. More MIS-C cases are also being reported among Hispanic and Black populations. The CDC reports 66% of reported cases have occurred in children who are Hispanic or Latino (842 cases) or Black, Non-Hispanic (746 cases.) We continue to learn more, but this may be a reflection of the higher overall COVID-19 cases among these communities. ### **What are the symptoms of MIS-C parents should look for?** *Mikesell:* Universally, all children with MIS-C have a fever for more than a day that can last two to four days, sometimes with severe flu-like symptoms. Their fever usually isn't responsive to any fever reducing medications. [***MORE FROM MICHIGAN: Sign up for our weekly newsletter***](https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/newsletter) Parents should call their doctor if their child experiences this type of persistent fever and appears fatigued and ill, or has a loss of appetite. Other symptoms vary child to child. But generally, younger children seem more likely to also experience a sunburn-like rash, bloodshot eyes, swollen hands and feet, cracked lips, a swollen tongue, congestion and swollen lymph nodes. Adolescents and teens tend to experience more of the associated gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, or a swollen abdomen, along with headaches and overall lethargy. But every child is different and parents should seek medical attention if their child shows any combination of these symptoms alongside a fever. Symptoms can progress quickly. ### **How is MIS-C treated once diagnosed?** *Mikesell*: MIS-C presents itself similarly to another rare condition known as Kawasaki disease, which causes swelling in the walls of blood vessels throughout the body, increasing risk of aneurysms, blood clotting, gastrointestinal issues, kidney injury, neurologic symptoms or inflammation that hurts heart function. Doctors have been building on what they know about Kawasaki disease to treat MIS-C. This includes high dose aspirin, fluids and various medicines to treat inflammation. In severe cases, children may need to be treated in the pediatric intensive care unit. We hope that more data and research will help us improve treatment options. ### **How have hospitals responded since the first cases of MIS-C?** *Mikesell*: When we first learned about MIS-C, our hospital created a task force that included experts across multiple specialties, including the emergency department, infectious diseases, immuno-hematology, cardiology and rheumatology. This team monitored new data and studies while continuing to learn about MIS-C through colleagues at centers getting the highest case numbers and how patients were presenting in our clinics and emergency rooms. Our goal was to develop guidelines that would help us capture all patients at risk of developing this syndrome. We set a low threshold for any child coming in with a fever for more than 24 hours. They were monitored for MIS-C and underwent further testing when they had accompanying symptoms ### **Is there any way to prevent MIS-C?** *Mikesell*: The best protection against MIS-C is to follow recommended measures to minimize exposure to COVID-19. This includes wearing masks, frequent hand washing, social distancing and not gathering inside with people from multiple households. ### **What else has been learned about COVID-19 in kids?** *Mikesell:* Most children who get infected with SARS-CoV-2 have mild symptoms or none at all. We're still learning about why some children go on to develop more serious symptoms, like MIS-C, than others, but severe COVID-19 disease in kids is still rare. About 1% of children with a known case of COVID-19 have been hospitalized and 0.01% have died. Babies under age one may be at higher risk of having severe illness, according to the CDC, as well as those with some underlying medical conditions, including asthma or chronic lung disease, diabetes, genetic or neurologic conditions, sickle cell disease, congenital heart disease, obesity, a weakened immune system or medical complexity. ***Like Podcasts? Add the*** [***Michigan Medicine News Break***](https://www.amazon.com/Michigan-Medicine-News-Break/dp/B07CS5B9LY/?sa-no-redirect=1&pldnSite=1) ***on***[***iTunes***](https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/michigan-medicine-news-break/id1390241260?mt=2)***,*** [***Google Podcast***](https://podcasts.google.com/search/michigan%20medicine%20news%20break) ***or anywhere you listen to podcasts.***

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