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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 110 (from laksa093)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa110.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-myoclonus\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-myoclonus\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-myoclonus","crawl_time":1769984182,"first_indexed_time":1596046632,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,medicalnewstoday!www,\/articles\/sleep-myoclonus s443","src_root_hash":"5853625527623639710","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Sleep myoclonus: Definition, causes, and treatment","meta_descriptions":["Sleep myoclonus involves involuntary movement or muscle spasms during sleep or when falling asleep. Learn more here."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Sleep myoclonus is involuntary, nonrhythmic muscle twitching that occurs either as a person falls asleep or during sleep. The movements include hiccups, starts, and jerks.\nSleep myoclonus is not a disease but a symptom of several different conditions. Sleep myoclonus can also happen without a known cause.\nThis article discusses what sleep myoclonus is, its causes, and how doctors treat it.\nThe symptoms of sleep myoclonus occur when a person falls asleep or during sleep. It causes unpredictable and involuntary muscle jerks or spasms that may affect a single muscle or multiple muscle groups.\nThese movements may include:\nsudden jerking of the arms, legs, or torso\nshock-like muscle twitches that last for a brief period\nlocalized or widespread muscle spasms\nmuscle spasms that occur in response to external stimuli\nThere are two types of myoclonus:\nPhysiologic myoclonus:\nThese involve quick muscle twitches followed by relaxation. One example is when a person experiences “sleep starts” as they drift to sleep.\nPathologic myoclonus:\nThis involves contractions that begin in one part of the body and spread to other muscles in other areas.\nPeople with sleep myoclonus may have difficulty falling asleep or experience poor sleep quality.\nPhysiologic forms of myoclonus, such as hiccups or sleep starts, can occur in healthy people without leading to serious complications. However, frequent or widespread myoclonus may indicate an underlying neurological disorder.\nThe exact cause of myoclonus remains unknown. However, in most cases, myoclonus is associated with problems affecting the\nbrain or spinal cord\n.\nSleep myoclonus can occur by itself or alongside other symptoms of nervous system disorders.\nThe possible causes of sleep myoclonus vary depending on a person’s age.\nInfants and children\nCauses of sleep myoclonus in children may include:\nSleep disorders:\nAlthough sleep myoclonus can occur on its own, it\ncan also occur\nas a symptom of a sleep disorder.\nPediatric periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD):\nPLMD\nis a sleep movement condition that affects children. PLMD causes brief muscle spasms in the legs or arms during sleep.\nRhythmic movement disorder:\nChildren with\nrhythmic movement disorder (RMD)\nmay exhibit rocking or head-jerking movements while falling asleep or transitioning to deep sleep. RMD often\noccurs alongside\ndevelopmental disorders, such as\nattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)\n,\nautism spectrum disorders\n, and\nTourette’s syndrome\n.\nEpilepsy:\nAccording to the\nNINDS\n, myoclonus frequently occurs in people with\nepilepsy\n. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a form of epilepsy that involves myoclonic seizures. It accounts for\n5 to 10%\nof all cases of epilepsy. The onset of JME symptoms usually occurs in children between 12 and 18 years old.\nIn adults\nCauses of sleep myoclonus that mainly affect adults include:\nRestless leg syndrome\nIt causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually because of an uncomfortable sensation, which moving temporarily eases.\nIt typically happens in the evening or nighttime when a person is sitting or lying down awake.\nThe nature of its symptoms suggests that RLS is a neurological condition. However, the cause of RLS remains unknown.\nResearch from the\nNINDS\nsuggests that dysfunctional basal ganglia may lead to RLS.\nMultiple sclerosis (MS)\nAccording to the\nNational MS Society\n, focal and segmental myoclonus are common movement disorders associated with\nMS\n.\nIt is unclear whether MS can directly cause sleep myoclonus. However, the condition has links with numerous sleep disorders, including nocturnal leg spasms and RLS.\nHuntington’s disease\nPeople with\nHuntington’s disease\nmay experience involuntary muscle jerks, known as chorea, as well as changes in cognition and sleep.\nAs the disease progresses, involuntary muscle movements may start affecting a person’s sleep. According to a\n2019 review\n, myoclonus, periodic limb movements, and RLS are relatively common conditions among people with Huntington’s disease.\nIn older adults\nOlder adults may develop sleep myoclonus due to:\nAlzheimer’s disease\nThose with Alzheimer’s disease\ncan also\nexperience myoclonus. It causes the arms, legs, or entire body to jerk. Although this can appear similar to a seizure, the person does not pass out.\nA doctor can prescribe medications to help reduce this symptom.\nParkinson’s disease\ntremor\n, or uncontrollable shaking\nmuscle rigidity or stiffness\nbradykinesia\n, which refers to the slowing of automatic muscle movements\nloss of coordination\nchanges in posture\nPeople who have Parkinson’s disease may also have urinary and bowel problems, cognitive changes, and difficulty sleeping.\nCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)\nCJD\nis a progressive brain disorder that leads to cognitive and behavioral changes, as well as involuntary muscle jerks and loss of coordination.\nSymptoms of CJD typically first appear in adults ages\n60 years or older\n. The exact cause of CJD remains unknown.\nTreating any underlying condition that contributes to myoclonus will help alleviate unwanted muscle spasms. If the cause is unknown, a doctor will treat the symptoms as they appear.\nExamples of medication that can help treat sleep myoclonus\ninclude\n:\nantiseizure and anticonvulsant medications, such as clonazepam (Klonopin), phenytoin (Dilantin), and levetiracetam (Keppra)\nsedatives, such as barbiturates\n5-hydroxytryptophan, an amino acid in serotonin\nbotulinum toxin (\nBotox\n)\nHome remedies\nThe research on alternative therapies for myoclonus is limited. However, stretching and massaging problematic areas of muscle may help prevent mild muscle spasms or reduce the severity of moderate-to-severe spasms.\nPeople should speak with a doctor if they experience frequent myoclonic episodes that affect their ability to fall or stay asleep.\nSleep myoclonus causes involuntary muscle twitches during sleep or when a person falls asleep.\nIn some cases, sleep myoclonus occurs on its own without an identifiable cause. Sleep myoclonus can also develop as a result of a sleep disorder or a neurological disorder.\nMedications and at-home remedies may help relieve myoclonic spasms at night. However, all treatments come with possible side effects. People should consult a doctor before starting any new medication or supplement.\nThe following are commonly asked questions about twitching during sleep.\nIs sleep myoclonus serious?\nTwitching during sleep does not necessarily indicate an underlying health condition. Physiologic forms of myoclonus, such as a sleep start (\nhypnic jerk\n), can happen to anyone and do not cause serious complications.\nAs widespread or persistent twitching can indicate an underlying health condition, a person may wish to contact a doctor in these cases.\nIs twitching normal in REM sleep?\nTwitching is common during REM sleep. For example, a\n2020 study\nfound that finger-twitching was more common during REM sleep than non-REM sleep.\nSleep myoclonus is defined as involuntary and nonrhythmic muscle twitching that occurs as a person is falling asleep or when they are already sleeping. Examples include hiccups and hypnic jerks.\nMyoclonus can be physiologic or pathologic. Physiologic myoclonus is common and occurs in healthy individuals. Pathologic myoclonus can indicate an underlying health condition.\nSleep myoclonus is not a condition itself, but a clinical sign. A person should contact a doctor if they experience widespread or persistent sleep myoclonus.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  ### Health Conditions\n  - [Alzheimer's & Dementia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/alzheimers-and-dementia)\n  - [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/anxiety)\n  - [Asthma & Allergies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/asthma-and-allergies)\n  - [Atopic Dermatitis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/program\/investigating-atopic-dermatitis)\n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cancer)\n  - [Cardiovascular Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cardiovascular-health)\n  - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/coronavirus?correlationId=2b137d5a-dcfb-464e-9ea6-72c5a54b4e92)\n  - [Diabetes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/diabetes)\n  - [Endometriosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/endometriosis)\n  - [Environment & Sustainability](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/environment-and-sustainability)\n  - 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[Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n  - [Conscious Language](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/conscious-language)\n  \n  ### Find Community\n  - [Bezzy Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.bezzybc.com\/lp\/2\/?verzenio&utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  - [Bezzy MS](https:\/\/www.bezzyms.com\/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  - [Bezzy Migraine](https:\/\/www.bezzymigraine.com\/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  - [Bezzy Psoriasis](https:\/\/www.bezzypsoriasis.com\/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  ### Follow Us\n\nSubscribe\n\n# What to know about sleep myoclonus\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/12\/AdithyaCattamanchi.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Adithya Cattamanchi, M.D.]() — Written by [Jamie Eske]() —  [Updated on June 3, 2024]()\n\n- [Definition](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-myoclonus#definition)\n- [Causes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-myoclonus#causes)\n- [Treatment](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-myoclonus#treatment)\n- [Contacting a doctor](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-myoclonus#contacting-a-doctor)\n- [Outlook](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-myoclonus#outlook)\n- [FAQ](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-myoclonus#faq)\n- [Summary](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-myoclonus#summary)\n\nSleep myoclonus is involuntary, nonrhythmic muscle twitching that occurs either as a person falls asleep or during sleep. The movements include hiccups, starts, and jerks.\n***\nSleep myoclonus is not a disease but a symptom of several different conditions. Sleep myoclonus can also happen without a known cause.\n\nThis article discusses what sleep myoclonus is, its causes, and how doctors treat it.\n\n## [What is it?]()\n![close up of legs in bed with a person with Sleep myoclonus](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/06\/MNT_Bed_Sheets_Female_Legs-1296x728-Header-1024x575.jpg?w=1155&h=1528)\n\n[Share on Pinterest](https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2Fsleep-myoclonus&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2020%2F06%2FMNT_Bed_Sheets_Female_Legs-1296x728-Header-1024x575.jpg&description=Sleep%20myoclonus%3A%20Definition%2C%20causes%2C%20and%20treatment \"Share on Pinterest\")\n\nJanine Mclaren\/EyeEm\/Getty Images\n\nAccording to the [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/disorders\/myoclonus), myoclonus refers to involuntary spasms that involve a muscle or group of muscles. For example, a [hiccup](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/181573) is a type of myoclonus affecting the diaphragm’s muscles.\n\nThe symptoms of sleep myoclonus occur when a person falls asleep or during sleep. It causes unpredictable and involuntary muscle jerks or spasms that may affect a single muscle or multiple muscle groups.\n\nThese movements may include:\n\n- sudden jerking of the arms, legs, or torso\n- shock-like muscle twitches that last for a brief period\n- localized or widespread muscle spasms\n- muscle spasms that occur in response to external stimuli\n\nThere are two types of myoclonus:\n\n- **Physiologic myoclonus:** These involve quick muscle twitches followed by relaxation. One example is when a person experiences “sleep starts” as they drift to sleep.\n- **Pathologic myoclonus:** This involves contractions that begin in one part of the body and spread to other muscles in other areas.\n\nPeople with sleep myoclonus may have difficulty falling asleep or experience poor sleep quality.\n\n### Resources for healthy sleep\nTo discover more evidence-based information and resources on the science of healthy sleep, visit [our dedicated hub](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/sleep).\n\n## [Causes]()\nPhysiologic forms of myoclonus, such as hiccups or sleep starts, can occur in healthy people without leading to serious complications. However, frequent or widespread myoclonus may indicate an underlying neurological disorder.\n\nThe exact cause of myoclonus remains unknown. However, in most cases, myoclonus is associated with problems affecting the [brain or spinal cord](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/Disorders\/All-Disorders\/Myoclonus-Information-Page#disorders-r1).\n\nSleep myoclonus can occur by itself or alongside other symptoms of nervous system disorders.\n\nThe possible causes of sleep myoclonus vary depending on a person’s age.\n\n### Infants and children\nCauses of sleep myoclonus in children may include:\n\n- **Sleep disorders:** Although sleep myoclonus can occur on its own, it [can also occur](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S138994571930200X?via%3Dihub) as a symptom of a sleep disorder.\n- **Pediatric periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD):** [PLMD](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/317911) is a sleep movement condition that affects children. PLMD causes brief muscle spasms in the legs or arms during sleep.\n- **Rhythmic movement disorder:** Children with\n  [rhythmic movement disorder (RMD)](https:\/\/sleep.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41606-020-0042-6)\n  may exhibit rocking or head-jerking movements while falling asleep or transitioning to deep sleep. RMD often [occurs alongside](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S138994571930200X?via%3Dihub) developmental disorders, such as [attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323667), [autism spectrum disorders](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323758), and [Tourette’s syndrome](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/175009).\n- **Epilepsy:** According to the\n  [NINDS](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/Disorders\/All-Disorders\/Myoclonus-Information-Page)\n  , myoclonus frequently occurs in people with [epilepsy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/8947). Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a form of epilepsy that involves myoclonic seizures. It accounts for\n  [5 to 10%](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK537109\/)\n  of all cases of epilepsy. The onset of JME symptoms usually occurs in children between 12 and 18 years old.\n### In adults\nCauses of sleep myoclonus that mainly affect adults include:\n\n#### Restless leg syndrome\n[Restless leg syndrome (RLS)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/7882), or Willis-Ekbom disease, is a disorder that affects sleep.\n\nIt causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually because of an uncomfortable sensation, which moving temporarily eases.\n\nIt typically happens in the evening or nighttime when a person is sitting or lying down awake.\n\nThe nature of its symptoms suggests that RLS is a neurological condition. However, the cause of RLS remains unknown.\n\nResearch from the [NINDS](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/Disorders\/Patient-Caregiver-Education\/Fact-Sheets\/Restless-Legs-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet) suggests that dysfunctional basal ganglia may lead to RLS.\n\n#### Multiple sclerosis (MS)\nAccording to the [National MS Society](https:\/\/www.nationalmssociety.org\/For-Professionals\/Clinical-Care\/Managing-MS\/Symptom-Management\/Tremor), focal and segmental myoclonus are common movement disorders associated with [MS](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/37556).\n\nIt is unclear whether MS can directly cause sleep myoclonus. However, the condition has links with numerous sleep disorders, including nocturnal leg spasms and RLS.\n\n#### Huntington’s disease\nPeople with [Huntington’s disease](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/159552) may experience involuntary muscle jerks, known as chorea, as well as changes in cognition and sleep.\n\nAs the disease progresses, involuntary muscle movements may start affecting a person’s sleep. According to a [2019 review](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6474183\/), myoclonus, periodic limb movements, and RLS are relatively common conditions among people with Huntington’s disease.\n\n### In older adults\nOlder adults may develop sleep myoclonus due to:\n\n#### Alzheimer’s disease\nThose with Alzheimer’s disease [can also](https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/alzheimers-caregiving\/caring-person-late-stage-alzheimers-disease) experience myoclonus. It causes the arms, legs, or entire body to jerk. Although this can appear similar to a seizure, the person does not pass out.\n\nA doctor can prescribe medications to help reduce this symptom.\n\n#### Parkinson’s disease\n[Parkinson’s disease](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323396) is a neurodegenerative disorder that typically affects people around the [age of 70 years](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/disorders\/All-Disorders\/Parkinsons-Disease-Information-Page). The symptoms include:\n\n- [tremor](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/249214), or uncontrollable shaking\n- muscle rigidity or stiffness\n- [bradykinesia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/320487), which refers to the slowing of automatic muscle movements\n- loss of coordination\n- changes in posture\n\nPeople who have Parkinson’s disease may also have urinary and bowel problems, cognitive changes, and difficulty sleeping.\n\n#### Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)\n[CJD](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/185884) is a progressive brain disorder that leads to cognitive and behavioral changes, as well as involuntary muscle jerks and loss of coordination.\n\nSymptoms of CJD typically first appear in adults ages [60 years or older](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/disorders\/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease). The exact cause of CJD remains unknown.\n\n## [Treatment]()\nTreating any underlying condition that contributes to myoclonus will help alleviate unwanted muscle spasms. If the cause is unknown, a doctor will treat the symptoms as they appear.\n\nExamples of medication that can help treat sleep myoclonus [include](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/Disorders\/All-Disorders\/Myoclonus-Information-Page#disorders-r1):\n\n- antiseizure and anticonvulsant medications, such as clonazepam (Klonopin), phenytoin (Dilantin), and levetiracetam (Keppra)\n- sedatives, such as barbiturates\n- 5-hydroxytryptophan, an amino acid in serotonin\n- botulinum toxin ([Botox](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/158647))\n### Home remedies\nThe research on alternative therapies for myoclonus is limited. However, stretching and massaging problematic areas of muscle may help prevent mild muscle spasms or reduce the severity of moderate-to-severe spasms.\n\n## [When to contact a doctor]()\nPeople should speak with a doctor if they experience frequent myoclonic episodes that affect their ability to fall or stay asleep.\n\n## [Outlook]()\nSleep myoclonus causes involuntary muscle twitches during sleep or when a person falls asleep.\n\nIn some cases, sleep myoclonus occurs on its own without an identifiable cause. Sleep myoclonus can also develop as a result of a sleep disorder or a neurological disorder.\n\nMedications and at-home remedies may help relieve myoclonic spasms at night. However, all treatments come with possible side effects. People should consult a doctor before starting any new medication or supplement.\n\n## [Frequently asked questions]()\nThe following are commonly asked questions about twitching during sleep.\n\n### Is sleep myoclonus serious?\nTwitching during sleep does not necessarily indicate an underlying health condition. Physiologic forms of myoclonus, such as a sleep start ([hypnic jerk](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/324666)), can happen to anyone and do not cause serious complications.\n\nAs widespread or persistent twitching can indicate an underlying health condition, a person may wish to contact a doctor in these cases.\n\n### Is twitching normal in REM sleep?\nTwitching is common during REM sleep. For example, a [2020 study](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32158293\/) found that finger-twitching was more common during REM sleep than non-REM sleep.\n\n## [Summary]()\nSleep myoclonus is defined as involuntary and nonrhythmic muscle twitching that occurs as a person is falling asleep or when they are already sleeping. Examples include hiccups and hypnic jerks.\n\nMyoclonus can be physiologic or pathologic. Physiologic myoclonus is common and occurs in healthy individuals. Pathologic myoclonus can indicate an underlying health condition.\n\nSleep myoclonus is not a condition itself, but a clinical sign. A person should contact a doctor if they experience widespread or persistent sleep myoclonus.\n\n- [Epilepsy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/epilepsy)\n- [Neurology \/ Neuroscience](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/neurology)\n- [Sleep \/ Sleep Disorders \/ Insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/sleep)\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nMedical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/process).\n\n- Amrutkar C, et al (2020). Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK537109\/>\n- Caring for a person with late-stage Alzheimer's disease. (2021).   \n  <https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/alzheimers-caregiving\/caring-person-late-stage-alzheimers-disease>\n- Creutzfeldt-jakob disease. (2023).   \n  <https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/disorders\/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease>\n- Herzog-Krzywoszanska R, et al. (2019). Sleep disorders in Huntington’s disease.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6474183\/>\n- Myoclonus. (2023).   \n  <https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/disorders\/myoclonus>\n- Parkinson's disease. (2024).   \n  <https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/disorders\/parkinsons-disease>\n- Prihodova I, et al. (2019). Sleep-related rhythmic movements and rhythmic movement disorder beyond early childhood.   \n  [https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S138994571930200X?via%3Dihub](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S138994571930200X?via%3Dihub)\n- Reiter AM, et al. (2020). Finger twitches are more frequent in REM sleep than in non-REM Sleep.   \n  <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32158293\/>\n- Restless legs syndrome. (2023).   \n  <https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/disorders\/restless-legs-syndrome>\n- Silvestri R, et al. (2020). Rhythmic movements in sleep disorders and in epileptic seizures during sleep.   \n  <https:\/\/sleep.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41606-020-0042-6>\n- Tremor and other movement disorders. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nationalmssociety.org\/for-professionals\/for-healthcare-professionals\/managing-and-treating-ms\/symptom-management\/tremor-movement-disorders>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/12\/AdithyaCattamanchi.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Adithya Cattamanchi, M.D.]() — Written by [Jamie Eske]() —  [Updated on June 3, 2024]()\n\n## Latest news\n- [Two days of oatmeal may help reduce 'bad' cholesterol levels, study finds](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/two-days-oatmeal-reduce-ldl-cholesterol-levels-study)\n- [Is sleep the missing piece in mental health?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-sleep-the-missing-piece-in-mental-health)\n- [Is this why dementia affects more women? How menopause alters the brain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/dementia-menopause-brain-health-gray-matter-memory-loss)\n- [Low dose aspirin does not reduce cancer risk in older adults, long-term study finds](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/low-dose-aspirin-does-not-reduce-cancer-risk-in-older-adults)\n- [Can treating rheumatoid arthritis before it sets in help delay its onset?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/pretreatment-rheumatoid-arthritis-onset-delay-4-years)\n\n### Related Coverage\n- [Tips for sleeping better](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325303?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Not getting enough sleep can negatively affect a person’s energy levels and overall health. However, making some simple changes to sleep habits can…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325303?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325303?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Sleep quality may increase dementia risk: Latest evidence](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-quality-insomnia-sleep-apnea-increase-dementia-risk-latest-evidence?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Medical News Today looks at three key studies and their key findings that highlight and further confirm the connection between how poor sleep…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-quality-insomnia-sleep-apnea-increase-dementia-risk-latest-evidence?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-quality-insomnia-sleep-apnea-increase-dementia-risk-latest-evidence?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Tart cherry juice for sleep: Does it help?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tart-cherry-juice-for-sleep?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Research suggests that tart cherry juice may improve sleep duration. Learn how to try it, whether there are any risks, and more sleep tips.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tart-cherry-juice-for-sleep?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tart-cherry-juice-for-sleep?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Xywav for idiopathic hypersomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-xywav-for-idiopathic-hypersomnia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Xywav is a prescription drug used to treat idiopathic hypersomnia. Learn how the drug works, who it’s used for, and more.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-xywav-for-idiopathic-hypersomnia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-xywav-for-idiopathic-hypersomnia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What to know about drowsiness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drowsiness?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [There are various causes of drowsiness, such as medication side effects, underlying medical conditions, and mental health conditions. Learn more here…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drowsiness?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drowsiness?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/contact-us)\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/terms-of-use)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/privacy-policy)\n- [Privacy Settings](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/privacy-settings)\n- [Advertising Policy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/ad-policy)\n\n- [Health Topics](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/directory\/a-b)\n- [Health Hubs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/content-hubs)\n- [Medical Affairs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/reviewers)\n- [Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n- [Newsletters](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/newsletter)\n- © 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Sleep myoclonus is involuntary, nonrhythmic muscle twitching that occurs either as a person falls asleep or during sleep. The movements include hiccups, starts, and jerks.\n\nSleep myoclonus is not a disease but a symptom of several different conditions. Sleep myoclonus can also happen without a known cause.\n\nThis article discusses what sleep myoclonus is, its causes, and how doctors treat it.\n\nThe symptoms of sleep myoclonus occur when a person falls asleep or during sleep. It causes unpredictable and involuntary muscle jerks or spasms that may affect a single muscle or multiple muscle groups.\n\nThese movements may include:\n\n- sudden jerking of the arms, legs, or torso\n- shock-like muscle twitches that last for a brief period\n- localized or widespread muscle spasms\n- muscle spasms that occur in response to external stimuli\n\nThere are two types of myoclonus:\n\n- **Physiologic myoclonus:** These involve quick muscle twitches followed by relaxation. One example is when a person experiences “sleep starts” as they drift to sleep.\n- **Pathologic myoclonus:** This involves contractions that begin in one part of the body and spread to other muscles in other areas.\n\nPeople with sleep myoclonus may have difficulty falling asleep or experience poor sleep quality.\n\nPhysiologic forms of myoclonus, such as hiccups or sleep starts, can occur in healthy people without leading to serious complications. However, frequent or widespread myoclonus may indicate an underlying neurological disorder.\n\nThe exact cause of myoclonus remains unknown. However, in most cases, myoclonus is associated with problems affecting the [brain or spinal cord](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/Disorders\/All-Disorders\/Myoclonus-Information-Page#disorders-r1).\n\nSleep myoclonus can occur by itself or alongside other symptoms of nervous system disorders.\n\nThe possible causes of sleep myoclonus vary depending on a person’s age.\n\nInfants and children\n\nCauses of sleep myoclonus in children may include:\n\n- **Sleep disorders:** Although sleep myoclonus can occur on its own, it [can also occur](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S138994571930200X?via%3Dihub) as a symptom of a sleep disorder.\n- **Pediatric periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD):** [PLMD](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/317911) is a sleep movement condition that affects children. PLMD causes brief muscle spasms in the legs or arms during sleep.\n- **Rhythmic movement disorder:** Children with\n  [rhythmic movement disorder (RMD)](https:\/\/sleep.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41606-020-0042-6)\n  may exhibit rocking or head-jerking movements while falling asleep or transitioning to deep sleep. RMD often [occurs alongside](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S138994571930200X?via%3Dihub) developmental disorders, such as [attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323667), [autism spectrum disorders](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323758), and [Tourette’s syndrome](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/175009).\n- **Epilepsy:** According to the\n  [NINDS](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/Disorders\/All-Disorders\/Myoclonus-Information-Page)\n  , myoclonus frequently occurs in people with [epilepsy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/8947). Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a form of epilepsy that involves myoclonic seizures. It accounts for\n  [5 to 10%](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK537109\/)\n  of all cases of epilepsy. The onset of JME symptoms usually occurs in children between 12 and 18 years old.\n\nIn adults\n\nCauses of sleep myoclonus that mainly affect adults include:\n\nRestless leg syndrome\n\nIt causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually because of an uncomfortable sensation, which moving temporarily eases.\n\nIt typically happens in the evening or nighttime when a person is sitting or lying down awake.\n\nThe nature of its symptoms suggests that RLS is a neurological condition. However, the cause of RLS remains unknown.\n\nResearch from the [NINDS](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/Disorders\/Patient-Caregiver-Education\/Fact-Sheets\/Restless-Legs-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet) suggests that dysfunctional basal ganglia may lead to RLS.\n\nMultiple sclerosis (MS)\n\nAccording to the [National MS Society](https:\/\/www.nationalmssociety.org\/For-Professionals\/Clinical-Care\/Managing-MS\/Symptom-Management\/Tremor), focal and segmental myoclonus are common movement disorders associated with [MS](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/37556).\n\nIt is unclear whether MS can directly cause sleep myoclonus. However, the condition has links with numerous sleep disorders, including nocturnal leg spasms and RLS.\n\nHuntington’s disease\n\nPeople with [Huntington’s disease](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/159552) may experience involuntary muscle jerks, known as chorea, as well as changes in cognition and sleep.\n\nAs the disease progresses, involuntary muscle movements may start affecting a person’s sleep. According to a [2019 review](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6474183\/), myoclonus, periodic limb movements, and RLS are relatively common conditions among people with Huntington’s disease.\n\nIn older adults\n\nOlder adults may develop sleep myoclonus due to:\n\nAlzheimer’s disease\n\nThose with Alzheimer’s disease [can also](https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/alzheimers-caregiving\/caring-person-late-stage-alzheimers-disease) experience myoclonus. It causes the arms, legs, or entire body to jerk. Although this can appear similar to a seizure, the person does not pass out.\n\nA doctor can prescribe medications to help reduce this symptom.\n\nParkinson’s disease\n\n- [tremor](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/249214), or uncontrollable shaking\n- muscle rigidity or stiffness\n- [bradykinesia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/320487), which refers to the slowing of automatic muscle movements\n- loss of coordination\n- changes in posture\n\nPeople who have Parkinson’s disease may also have urinary and bowel problems, cognitive changes, and difficulty sleeping.\n\nCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)\n\n[CJD](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/185884) is a progressive brain disorder that leads to cognitive and behavioral changes, as well as involuntary muscle jerks and loss of coordination.\n\nSymptoms of CJD typically first appear in adults ages [60 years or older](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/disorders\/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease). The exact cause of CJD remains unknown.\n\nTreating any underlying condition that contributes to myoclonus will help alleviate unwanted muscle spasms. If the cause is unknown, a doctor will treat the symptoms as they appear.\n\nExamples of medication that can help treat sleep myoclonus [include](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/Disorders\/All-Disorders\/Myoclonus-Information-Page#disorders-r1):\n\n- antiseizure and anticonvulsant medications, such as clonazepam (Klonopin), phenytoin (Dilantin), and levetiracetam (Keppra)\n- sedatives, such as barbiturates\n- 5-hydroxytryptophan, an amino acid in serotonin\n- botulinum toxin ([Botox](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/158647))\n\nHome remedies\n\nThe research on alternative therapies for myoclonus is limited. However, stretching and massaging problematic areas of muscle may help prevent mild muscle spasms or reduce the severity of moderate-to-severe spasms.\n\nPeople should speak with a doctor if they experience frequent myoclonic episodes that affect their ability to fall or stay asleep.\n\nSleep myoclonus causes involuntary muscle twitches during sleep or when a person falls asleep.\n\nIn some cases, sleep myoclonus occurs on its own without an identifiable cause. Sleep myoclonus can also develop as a result of a sleep disorder or a neurological disorder.\n\nMedications and at-home remedies may help relieve myoclonic spasms at night. However, all treatments come with possible side effects. People should consult a doctor before starting any new medication or supplement.\n\nThe following are commonly asked questions about twitching during sleep.\n\nIs sleep myoclonus serious?\n\nTwitching during sleep does not necessarily indicate an underlying health condition. Physiologic forms of myoclonus, such as a sleep start ([hypnic jerk](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/324666)), can happen to anyone and do not cause serious complications.\n\nAs widespread or persistent twitching can indicate an underlying health condition, a person may wish to contact a doctor in these cases.\n\nIs twitching normal in REM sleep?\n\nTwitching is common during REM sleep. For example, a [2020 study](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32158293\/) found that finger-twitching was more common during REM sleep than non-REM sleep.\n\nSleep myoclonus is defined as involuntary and nonrhythmic muscle twitching that occurs as a person is falling asleep or when they are already sleeping. Examples include hiccups and hypnic jerks.\n\nMyoclonus can be physiologic or pathologic. Physiologic myoclonus is common and occurs in healthy individuals. Pathologic myoclonus can indicate an underlying health condition.\n\nSleep myoclonus is not a condition itself, but a clinical sign. A person should contact a doctor if they experience widespread or persistent sleep myoclonus.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Sleep myoclonus is involuntary, nonrhythmic muscle twitching that occurs either as a person falls asleep or during sleep. The movements include hiccups, starts, and jerks. Sleep myoclonus is not a disease but a symptom of several different conditions. Sleep myoclonus can also happen without a known cause. This article discusses what sleep myoclonus is, its causes, and how doctors treat it. The symptoms of sleep myoclonus occur when a person falls asleep or during sleep. It causes unpredictable and involuntary muscle jerks or spasms that may affect a single muscle or multiple muscle groups. These movements may include: sudden jerking of the arms, legs, or torso shock-like muscle twitches that last for a brief period localized or widespread muscle spasms muscle spasms that occur in response to external stimuli There are two types of myoclonus: Physiologic myoclonus: These involve quick muscle twitches followed by relaxation. One example is when a person experiences “sleep starts” as they drift to sleep. Pathologic myoclonus: This involves contractions that begin in one part of the body and spread to other muscles in other areas. People with sleep myoclonus may have difficulty falling asleep or experience poor sleep quality. Physiologic forms of myoclonus, such as hiccups or sleep starts, can occur in healthy people without leading to serious complications. However, frequent or widespread myoclonus may indicate an underlying neurological disorder. The exact cause of myoclonus remains unknown. However, in most cases, myoclonus is associated with problems affecting the brain or spinal cord . Sleep myoclonus can occur by itself or alongside other symptoms of nervous system disorders. The possible causes of sleep myoclonus vary depending on a person’s age. Infants and children Causes of sleep myoclonus in children may include: Sleep disorders: Although sleep myoclonus can occur on its own, it can also occur as a symptom of a sleep disorder. Pediatric periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD): PLMD is a sleep movement condition that affects children. PLMD causes brief muscle spasms in the legs or arms during sleep. Rhythmic movement disorder: Children with rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) may exhibit rocking or head-jerking movements while falling asleep or transitioning to deep sleep. RMD often occurs alongside developmental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) , autism spectrum disorders , and Tourette’s syndrome . Epilepsy: According to the NINDS , myoclonus frequently occurs in people with epilepsy . Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a form of epilepsy that involves myoclonic seizures. It accounts for 5 to 10% of all cases of epilepsy. The onset of JME symptoms usually occurs in children between 12 and 18 years old. In adults Causes of sleep myoclonus that mainly affect adults include: Restless leg syndrome It causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually because of an uncomfortable sensation, which moving temporarily eases. It typically happens in the evening or nighttime when a person is sitting or lying down awake. The nature of its symptoms suggests that RLS is a neurological condition. However, the cause of RLS remains unknown. Research from the NINDS suggests that dysfunctional basal ganglia may lead to RLS. Multiple sclerosis (MS) According to the National MS Society , focal and segmental myoclonus are common movement disorders associated with MS . It is unclear whether MS can directly cause sleep myoclonus. However, the condition has links with numerous sleep disorders, including nocturnal leg spasms and RLS. Huntington’s disease People with Huntington’s disease may experience involuntary muscle jerks, known as chorea, as well as changes in cognition and sleep. As the disease progresses, involuntary muscle movements may start affecting a person’s sleep. According to a 2019 review , myoclonus, periodic limb movements, and RLS are relatively common conditions among people with Huntington’s disease. In older adults Older adults may develop sleep myoclonus due to: Alzheimer’s disease Those with Alzheimer’s disease can also experience myoclonus. It causes the arms, legs, or entire body to jerk. Although this can appear similar to a seizure, the person does not pass out. A doctor can prescribe medications to help reduce this symptom. Parkinson’s disease tremor , or uncontrollable shaking muscle rigidity or stiffness bradykinesia , which refers to the slowing of automatic muscle movements loss of coordination changes in posture People who have Parkinson’s disease may also have urinary and bowel problems, cognitive changes, and difficulty sleeping. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) CJD is a progressive brain disorder that leads to cognitive and behavioral changes, as well as involuntary muscle jerks and loss of coordination. Symptoms of CJD typically first appear in adults ages 60 years or older . The exact cause of CJD remains unknown. Treating any underlying condition that contributes to myoclonus will help alleviate unwanted muscle spasms. If the cause is unknown, a doctor will treat the symptoms as they appear. Examples of medication that can help treat sleep myoclonus include : antiseizure and anticonvulsant medications, such as clonazepam (Klonopin), phenytoin (Dilantin), and levetiracetam (Keppra) sedatives, such as barbiturates 5-hydroxytryptophan, an amino acid in serotonin botulinum toxin ( Botox ) Home remedies The research on alternative therapies for myoclonus is limited. However, stretching and massaging problematic areas of muscle may help prevent mild muscle spasms or reduce the severity of moderate-to-severe spasms. People should speak with a doctor if they experience frequent myoclonic episodes that affect their ability to fall or stay asleep. Sleep myoclonus causes involuntary muscle twitches during sleep or when a person falls asleep. In some cases, sleep myoclonus occurs on its own without an identifiable cause. Sleep myoclonus can also develop as a result of a sleep disorder or a neurological disorder. Medications and at-home remedies may help relieve myoclonic spasms at night. However, all treatments come with possible side effects. People should consult a doctor before starting any new medication or supplement. The following are commonly asked questions about twitching during sleep. Is sleep myoclonus serious? Twitching during sleep does not necessarily indicate an underlying health condition. Physiologic forms of myoclonus, such as a sleep start ( hypnic jerk ), can happen to anyone and do not cause serious complications. As widespread or persistent twitching can indicate an underlying health condition, a person may wish to contact a doctor in these cases. Is twitching normal in REM sleep? Twitching is common during REM sleep. For example, a 2020 study found that finger-twitching was more common during REM sleep than non-REM sleep. Sleep myoclonus is defined as involuntary and nonrhythmic muscle twitching that occurs as a person is falling asleep or when they are already sleeping. Examples include hiccups and hypnic jerks. Myoclonus can be physiologic or pathologic. Physiologic myoclonus is common and occurs in healthy individuals. Pathologic myoclonus can indicate an underlying health condition. Sleep myoclonus is not a condition itself, but a clinical sign. A person should contact a doctor if they experience widespread or persistent sleep myoclonus.
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[Bezzy Psoriasis](https://www.bezzypsoriasis.com/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect) ### Follow Us Subscribe # What to know about sleep myoclonus ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/AdithyaCattamanchi.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Adithya Cattamanchi, M.D.]() — Written by [Jamie Eske]() — [Updated on June 3, 2024]() - [Definition](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-myoclonus#definition) - [Causes](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-myoclonus#causes) - [Treatment](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-myoclonus#treatment) - [Contacting a doctor](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-myoclonus#contacting-a-doctor) - [Outlook](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-myoclonus#outlook) - [FAQ](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-myoclonus#faq) - [Summary](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-myoclonus#summary) Sleep myoclonus is involuntary, nonrhythmic muscle twitching that occurs either as a person falls asleep or during sleep. The movements include hiccups, starts, and jerks. * Sleep myoclonus is not a disease but a symptom of several different conditions. Sleep myoclonus can also happen without a known cause. This article discusses what sleep myoclonus is, its causes, and how doctors treat it. ## [What is it?]() ![close up of legs in bed with a person with Sleep myoclonus](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/MNT_Bed_Sheets_Female_Legs-1296x728-Header-1024x575.jpg?w=1155&h=1528) [Share on Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2Fsleep-myoclonus&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2020%2F06%2FMNT_Bed_Sheets_Female_Legs-1296x728-Header-1024x575.jpg&description=Sleep%20myoclonus%3A%20Definition%2C%20causes%2C%20and%20treatment "Share on Pinterest") Janine Mclaren/EyeEm/Getty Images According to the [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/myoclonus), myoclonus refers to involuntary spasms that involve a muscle or group of muscles. For example, a [hiccup](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181573) is a type of myoclonus affecting the diaphragm’s muscles. The symptoms of sleep myoclonus occur when a person falls asleep or during sleep. It causes unpredictable and involuntary muscle jerks or spasms that may affect a single muscle or multiple muscle groups. These movements may include: - sudden jerking of the arms, legs, or torso - shock-like muscle twitches that last for a brief period - localized or widespread muscle spasms - muscle spasms that occur in response to external stimuli There are two types of myoclonus: - Physiologic myoclonus: These involve quick muscle twitches followed by relaxation. One example is when a person experiences “sleep starts” as they drift to sleep. - Pathologic myoclonus: This involves contractions that begin in one part of the body and spread to other muscles in other areas. People with sleep myoclonus may have difficulty falling asleep or experience poor sleep quality. ### Resources for healthy sleep To discover more evidence-based information and resources on the science of healthy sleep, visit [our dedicated hub](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/sleep). ## [Causes]() Physiologic forms of myoclonus, such as hiccups or sleep starts, can occur in healthy people without leading to serious complications. However, frequent or widespread myoclonus may indicate an underlying neurological disorder. The exact cause of myoclonus remains unknown. However, in most cases, myoclonus is associated with problems affecting the [brain or spinal cord](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Myoclonus-Information-Page#disorders-r1). Sleep myoclonus can occur by itself or alongside other symptoms of nervous system disorders. The possible causes of sleep myoclonus vary depending on a person’s age. ### Infants and children Causes of sleep myoclonus in children may include: - Sleep disorders: Although sleep myoclonus can occur on its own, it [can also occur](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S138994571930200X?via%3Dihub) as a symptom of a sleep disorder. - Pediatric periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD): [PLMD](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317911) is a sleep movement condition that affects children. PLMD causes brief muscle spasms in the legs or arms during sleep. - Rhythmic movement disorder: Children with [rhythmic movement disorder (RMD)](https://sleep.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41606-020-0042-6) may exhibit rocking or head-jerking movements while falling asleep or transitioning to deep sleep. RMD often [occurs alongside](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S138994571930200X?via%3Dihub) developmental disorders, such as [attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323667), [autism spectrum disorders](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323758), and [Tourette’s syndrome](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175009). - Epilepsy:** According to the [NINDS](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Myoclonus-Information-Page) , myoclonus frequently occurs in people with [epilepsy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8947). Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a form of epilepsy that involves myoclonic seizures. It accounts for [5 to 10%](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537109/) of all cases of epilepsy. The onset of JME symptoms usually occurs in children between 12 and 18 years old. ### In adults Causes of sleep myoclonus that mainly affect adults include: #### Restless leg syndrome [Restless leg syndrome (RLS)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7882), or Willis-Ekbom disease, is a disorder that affects sleep. It causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually because of an uncomfortable sensation, which moving temporarily eases. It typically happens in the evening or nighttime when a person is sitting or lying down awake. The nature of its symptoms suggests that RLS is a neurological condition. However, the cause of RLS remains unknown. Research from the [NINDS](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Restless-Legs-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet) suggests that dysfunctional basal ganglia may lead to RLS. #### Multiple sclerosis (MS) According to the [National MS Society](https://www.nationalmssociety.org/For-Professionals/Clinical-Care/Managing-MS/Symptom-Management/Tremor), focal and segmental myoclonus are common movement disorders associated with [MS](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/37556). It is unclear whether MS can directly cause sleep myoclonus. However, the condition has links with numerous sleep disorders, including nocturnal leg spasms and RLS. #### Huntington’s disease People with [Huntington’s disease](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159552) may experience involuntary muscle jerks, known as chorea, as well as changes in cognition and sleep. As the disease progresses, involuntary muscle movements may start affecting a person’s sleep. According to a [2019 review](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6474183/), myoclonus, periodic limb movements, and RLS are relatively common conditions among people with Huntington’s disease. ### In older adults Older adults may develop sleep myoclonus due to: #### Alzheimer’s disease Those with Alzheimer’s disease [can also](https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/caring-person-late-stage-alzheimers-disease) experience myoclonus. It causes the arms, legs, or entire body to jerk. Although this can appear similar to a seizure, the person does not pass out. A doctor can prescribe medications to help reduce this symptom. #### Parkinson’s disease [Parkinson’s disease](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323396) is a neurodegenerative disorder that typically affects people around the [age of 70 years](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/All-Disorders/Parkinsons-Disease-Information-Page). The symptoms include: - [tremor](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249214), or uncontrollable shaking - muscle rigidity or stiffness - [bradykinesia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320487), which refers to the slowing of automatic muscle movements - loss of coordination - changes in posture People who have Parkinson’s disease may also have urinary and bowel problems, cognitive changes, and difficulty sleeping. #### Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) [CJD](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/185884) is a progressive brain disorder that leads to cognitive and behavioral changes, as well as involuntary muscle jerks and loss of coordination. Symptoms of CJD typically first appear in adults ages [60 years or older](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease). The exact cause of CJD remains unknown. ## [Treatment]() Treating any underlying condition that contributes to myoclonus will help alleviate unwanted muscle spasms. If the cause is unknown, a doctor will treat the symptoms as they appear. Examples of medication that can help treat sleep myoclonus [include](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Myoclonus-Information-Page#disorders-r1): - antiseizure and anticonvulsant medications, such as clonazepam (Klonopin), phenytoin (Dilantin), and levetiracetam (Keppra) - sedatives, such as barbiturates - 5-hydroxytryptophan, an amino acid in serotonin - botulinum toxin ([Botox](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158647)) ### Home remedies The research on alternative therapies for myoclonus is limited. However, stretching and massaging problematic areas of muscle may help prevent mild muscle spasms or reduce the severity of moderate-to-severe spasms. ## [When to contact a doctor]() People should speak with a doctor if they experience frequent myoclonic episodes that affect their ability to fall or stay asleep. ## [Outlook]() Sleep myoclonus causes involuntary muscle twitches during sleep or when a person falls asleep. In some cases, sleep myoclonus occurs on its own without an identifiable cause. Sleep myoclonus can also develop as a result of a sleep disorder or a neurological disorder. Medications and at-home remedies may help relieve myoclonic spasms at night. However, all treatments come with possible side effects. People should consult a doctor before starting any new medication or supplement. ## [Frequently asked questions]() The following are commonly asked questions about twitching during sleep. ### Is sleep myoclonus serious? Twitching during sleep does not necessarily indicate an underlying health condition. Physiologic forms of myoclonus, such as a sleep start ([hypnic jerk](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324666)), can happen to anyone and do not cause serious complications. As widespread or persistent twitching can indicate an underlying health condition, a person may wish to contact a doctor in these cases. ### Is twitching normal in REM sleep? Twitching is common during REM sleep. For example, a [2020 study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32158293/) found that finger-twitching was more common during REM sleep than non-REM sleep. ## [Summary]() Sleep myoclonus is defined as involuntary and nonrhythmic muscle twitching that occurs as a person is falling asleep or when they are already sleeping. Examples include hiccups and hypnic jerks. Myoclonus can be physiologic or pathologic. Physiologic myoclonus is common and occurs in healthy individuals. Pathologic myoclonus can indicate an underlying health condition. Sleep myoclonus is not a condition itself, but a clinical sign. A person should contact a doctor if they experience widespread or persistent sleep myoclonus. - [Epilepsy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/epilepsy) - [Neurology / Neuroscience](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/neurology) - [Sleep / Sleep Disorders / Insomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/sleep) ### How we reviewed this article: Sources Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/process). - Amrutkar C, et al (2020). Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537109/> - Caring for a person with late-stage Alzheimer's disease. (2021). <https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/caring-person-late-stage-alzheimers-disease> - Creutzfeldt-jakob disease. (2023). <https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease> - Herzog-Krzywoszanska R, et al. (2019). Sleep disorders in Huntington’s disease. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6474183/> - Myoclonus. (2023). <https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/myoclonus> - Parkinson's disease. (2024). <https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/parkinsons-disease> - Prihodova I, et al. (2019). Sleep-related rhythmic movements and rhythmic movement disorder beyond early childhood. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S138994571930200X?via%3Dihub](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S138994571930200X?via%3Dihub) - Reiter AM, et al. (2020). Finger twitches are more frequent in REM sleep than in non-REM Sleep. <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32158293/> - Restless legs syndrome. (2023). <https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/restless-legs-syndrome> - Silvestri R, et al. (2020). Rhythmic movements in sleep disorders and in epileptic seizures during sleep. <https://sleep.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41606-020-0042-6> - Tremor and other movement disorders. (n.d.). <https://www.nationalmssociety.org/for-professionals/for-healthcare-professionals/managing-and-treating-ms/symptom-management/tremor-movement-disorders> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/AdithyaCattamanchi.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Adithya Cattamanchi, M.D.]() — Written by [Jamie Eske]() — [Updated on June 3, 2024]() ## Latest news - [Two days of oatmeal may help reduce 'bad' cholesterol levels, study finds](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/two-days-oatmeal-reduce-ldl-cholesterol-levels-study) - [Is sleep the missing piece in mental health?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-sleep-the-missing-piece-in-mental-health) - [Is this why dementia affects more women? 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Readable Markdown	Sleep myoclonus is involuntary, nonrhythmic muscle twitching that occurs either as a person falls asleep or during sleep. The movements include hiccups, starts, and jerks. Sleep myoclonus is not a disease but a symptom of several different conditions. Sleep myoclonus can also happen without a known cause. This article discusses what sleep myoclonus is, its causes, and how doctors treat it. The symptoms of sleep myoclonus occur when a person falls asleep or during sleep. It causes unpredictable and involuntary muscle jerks or spasms that may affect a single muscle or multiple muscle groups. These movements may include: - sudden jerking of the arms, legs, or torso - shock-like muscle twitches that last for a brief period - localized or widespread muscle spasms - muscle spasms that occur in response to external stimuli There are two types of myoclonus: - Physiologic myoclonus: These involve quick muscle twitches followed by relaxation. One example is when a person experiences “sleep starts” as they drift to sleep. - Pathologic myoclonus: This involves contractions that begin in one part of the body and spread to other muscles in other areas. People with sleep myoclonus may have difficulty falling asleep or experience poor sleep quality. Physiologic forms of myoclonus, such as hiccups or sleep starts, can occur in healthy people without leading to serious complications. However, frequent or widespread myoclonus may indicate an underlying neurological disorder. The exact cause of myoclonus remains unknown. However, in most cases, myoclonus is associated with problems affecting the [brain or spinal cord](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Myoclonus-Information-Page#disorders-r1). Sleep myoclonus can occur by itself or alongside other symptoms of nervous system disorders. The possible causes of sleep myoclonus vary depending on a person’s age. Infants and children Causes of sleep myoclonus in children may include: - Sleep disorders: Although sleep myoclonus can occur on its own, it [can also occur](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S138994571930200X?via%3Dihub) as a symptom of a sleep disorder. - Pediatric periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD): [PLMD](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317911) is a sleep movement condition that affects children. PLMD causes brief muscle spasms in the legs or arms during sleep. - Rhythmic movement disorder: Children with [rhythmic movement disorder (RMD)](https://sleep.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41606-020-0042-6) may exhibit rocking or head-jerking movements while falling asleep or transitioning to deep sleep. RMD often [occurs alongside](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S138994571930200X?via%3Dihub) developmental disorders, such as [attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323667), [autism spectrum disorders](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323758), and [Tourette’s syndrome](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175009). - Epilepsy: According to the [NINDS](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Myoclonus-Information-Page) , myoclonus frequently occurs in people with [epilepsy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8947). Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a form of epilepsy that involves myoclonic seizures. It accounts for [5 to 10%](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537109/) of all cases of epilepsy. The onset of JME symptoms usually occurs in children between 12 and 18 years old. In adults Causes of sleep myoclonus that mainly affect adults include: Restless leg syndrome It causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually because of an uncomfortable sensation, which moving temporarily eases. It typically happens in the evening or nighttime when a person is sitting or lying down awake. The nature of its symptoms suggests that RLS is a neurological condition. However, the cause of RLS remains unknown. Research from the [NINDS](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Restless-Legs-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet) suggests that dysfunctional basal ganglia may lead to RLS. Multiple sclerosis (MS) According to the [National MS Society](https://www.nationalmssociety.org/For-Professionals/Clinical-Care/Managing-MS/Symptom-Management/Tremor), focal and segmental myoclonus are common movement disorders associated with [MS](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/37556). It is unclear whether MS can directly cause sleep myoclonus. However, the condition has links with numerous sleep disorders, including nocturnal leg spasms and RLS. Huntington’s disease People with [Huntington’s disease](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159552) may experience involuntary muscle jerks, known as chorea, as well as changes in cognition and sleep. As the disease progresses, involuntary muscle movements may start affecting a person’s sleep. According to a [2019 review](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6474183/), myoclonus, periodic limb movements, and RLS are relatively common conditions among people with Huntington’s disease. In older adults Older adults may develop sleep myoclonus due to: Alzheimer’s disease Those with Alzheimer’s disease [can also](https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/caring-person-late-stage-alzheimers-disease) experience myoclonus. It causes the arms, legs, or entire body to jerk. Although this can appear similar to a seizure, the person does not pass out. A doctor can prescribe medications to help reduce this symptom. Parkinson’s disease - [tremor](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249214), or uncontrollable shaking - muscle rigidity or stiffness - [bradykinesia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320487), which refers to the slowing of automatic muscle movements - loss of coordination - changes in posture People who have Parkinson’s disease may also have urinary and bowel problems, cognitive changes, and difficulty sleeping. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) [CJD](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/185884) is a progressive brain disorder that leads to cognitive and behavioral changes, as well as involuntary muscle jerks and loss of coordination. Symptoms of CJD typically first appear in adults ages [60 years or older](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease). The exact cause of CJD remains unknown. Treating any underlying condition that contributes to myoclonus will help alleviate unwanted muscle spasms. If the cause is unknown, a doctor will treat the symptoms as they appear. Examples of medication that can help treat sleep myoclonus [include](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Myoclonus-Information-Page#disorders-r1): - antiseizure and anticonvulsant medications, such as clonazepam (Klonopin), phenytoin (Dilantin), and levetiracetam (Keppra) - sedatives, such as barbiturates - 5-hydroxytryptophan, an amino acid in serotonin - botulinum toxin ([Botox](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158647)) Home remedies The research on alternative therapies for myoclonus is limited. However, stretching and massaging problematic areas of muscle may help prevent mild muscle spasms or reduce the severity of moderate-to-severe spasms. People should speak with a doctor if they experience frequent myoclonic episodes that affect their ability to fall or stay asleep. Sleep myoclonus causes involuntary muscle twitches during sleep or when a person falls asleep. In some cases, sleep myoclonus occurs on its own without an identifiable cause. Sleep myoclonus can also develop as a result of a sleep disorder or a neurological disorder. Medications and at-home remedies may help relieve myoclonic spasms at night. However, all treatments come with possible side effects. People should consult a doctor before starting any new medication or supplement. The following are commonly asked questions about twitching during sleep. Is sleep myoclonus serious? Twitching during sleep does not necessarily indicate an underlying health condition. Physiologic forms of myoclonus, such as a sleep start ([hypnic jerk](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324666)), can happen to anyone and do not cause serious complications. As widespread or persistent twitching can indicate an underlying health condition, a person may wish to contact a doctor in these cases. Is twitching normal in REM sleep? Twitching is common during REM sleep. For example, a [2020 study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32158293/) found that finger-twitching was more common during REM sleep than non-REM sleep. Sleep myoclonus is defined as involuntary and nonrhythmic muscle twitching that occurs as a person is falling asleep or when they are already sleeping. Examples include hiccups and hypnic jerks. Myoclonus can be physiologic or pathologic. Physiologic myoclonus is common and occurs in healthy individuals. Pathologic myoclonus can indicate an underlying health condition. Sleep myoclonus is not a condition itself, but a clinical sign. A person should contact a doctor if they experience widespread or persistent sleep myoclonus.
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