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1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 110 (from laksa048)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa110.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia","crawl_time":1770007750,"first_indexed_time":1632163772,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,medicalnewstoday!www,\/articles\/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia s443","src_root_hash":"5853625527623639710","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?","meta_descriptions":["Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, and changes in thoughts or behaviors. Learn more here."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Schizophrenia causes symptoms that doctors classify as positive or negative. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, and certain changes in thoughts or behaviors.\nWorldwide, there are an estimated\n24 million\npeople with schizophrenia, many of whom experience the positive symptoms of the condition.\nUnlike negative symptoms, positive symptoms appear after a person develops schizophrenia and become part of their psyche.\nIn contrast to some other mental health conditions, schizophrenia is highly treatable with antipsychotic medications, therapy, and other treatment options. However, ongoing treatment is necessary to help manage and prevent symptoms. There are also several ways to identify the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia early on.\nThis article looks in more detail at the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. It also discusses the risks, diagnosis, and treatment of schizophrenia and the overall outlook.\ndelusions\nhallucinations\nstrange or inexplicable behavioral changes\nconfusion or thought disorder\nPeople with schizophrenia may experience one or more of these symptoms.\nDelusions\nA delusion is something a person believes without a doubt to be true despite evidence to the contrary. These delusions, which are typically based on something false or unrealistic, often cause the individual to act differently than usual. They may even try to use a delusional idea to justify or explain their actions.\nAn individual who experiences delusions may believe that there are hidden messages in common, everyday occurrences. They may find a meaning that does not really exist in, for example, the color of someone’s clothes or a media broadcast.\nA person with schizophrenia may also have the feeling that someone is watching or following them or talking about them behind their back. As a result, they may become suspicious of close friends or family members. This is sometimes known as\nparanoid schizophrenia\n.\nA 2019 study of 214 psychiatric outpatients with schizophrenia found that the condition occurred in about\n47.7%\nof individuals. Various environmental and genetic factors may trigger paranoid schizophrenia.\nDelusions may continue for several weeks or even months. A\n2022 study\nexamining 262 individuals with schizophrenia vs. affective psychosis found:\n33% experienced a thought delusion\n38% experienced a thematic delusion\n45% experienced any delusion\nThe researchers categorized thought delusions as being related to thought insertion, withdrawal, or referential. They categorized thematic delusions as being related to self-depreciation, nihilism, or grandeur.\nHallucinations\nA hallucination is something that does not exist, but the individual still believes they can touch, see, hear, smell, or even taste. One of the most common types of hallucination in people with schizophrenia is an auditory hallucination, which is a term for sounds that a person hears in their head.\nThese may take the form of voices, which can often be abusive or critical but are sometimes friendly and conversational. Regardless, for most individuals who hear voices, they are as real as they would be if anyone nearby were speaking.\nIn fact,\nstudies\nusing neuroimaging equipment show key changes in the speech area of the brain in people with schizophrenia. This is a clear indicator that the brain mistakes the mental voices for real ones.\nApproximately\n60% to 80%\nof people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders report hearing voices.\nThought disorder\nThought disorder\nis a confused, disorganized way of thinking that may result in a person expressing themself in unusual ways when speaking or writing. It is common in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.\nThought disorder relates to a person’s ability to sustain concentration and focus, evaluate situations in a logical and coherent fashion, and plan and execute tasks in a goal-directed and logical way. Both behavior and language can be indicators of thought disorder.\nPositive symptoms are those that contribute additional experiences to a person’s overall experience. These changes arose after the individual developed schizophrenia rather than before. This includes added sounds or voices in hallucinations or beliefs in delusions.\nNegative symptoms are named as such because they refer to thoughts and behaviors that the individual had before developing schizophrenia but has since lost. In other words, negative symptoms are removed experiences of the person, such as limited speech, social withdrawal, or an inability to express interest or pleasure.\nAlthough the symptoms of schizophrenia vary in terms of severity, people with this condition have an increased risk of negative outcomes. For instance:\nThere is a link between schizophrenia and a\nhigher mortality rate\ndue to other medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and\nchronic obstructive pulmonary disease\n. This may be due to mismanagement of modifiable risk factors.\nApproximately 50%\nof all people with schizophrenia have a second mental health condition or behavioral disorder, such as depression, substance misuse, or anxiety.\nPeople with schizophrenia may have an increased risk of\nsuicide\n, particularly around the onset of the illness.\nMoreover, those with schizophrenia may have a higher financial burden due to the costs of treating the condition. They may also experience apathy, withdrawal from society, and a lack of productivity. These symptoms, in turn, can lead to unemployment or other financial crises.\nAside from the more widely known positive symptoms of schizophrenia, there are also lesser-known\nnegative symptoms\n, such as:\nextreme apathy\nlethargy\ninappropriate emotional responses, such as laughing at something sad or crying at something happy\nwithdrawal from social settings or loved ones\nspeech reduction or muteness\ndecreased libido\ninattentiveness or lack of concentration\nAlthough they receive less media attention, these negative symptoms also greatly affect the individual’s quality of life and ability to live as usual. Without treatment, many people have difficulty coping with these symptoms.\nMost people\nwith schizophrenia receive a diagnosis between their teenage years and early 30s. It can sometimes be\ndifficult to diagnose\nthe condition early on because some early symptoms, such as lethargy, apathy, and lack of motivation, can also be common features of adolescence.\nOnce a person starts experiencing delusions, fully realized hallucinations, thought disorder, and hyperactive behavior, the condition becomes easier to diagnose.\nDiagnosis usually includes some or all of the following:\ncomplete medical exam\ncognitive or personality tests\nurine and blood tests to help rule out other possible causes, such as drug or alcohol abuse\nCT scans\nor MRI scans to reveal hidden other issues, such as a\nbrain tumor\nDoctors will\nonly diagnose\nschizophrenia if a person has consistently experienced at least two of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia in the past month and has experienced these symptoms for the past 6 months.\nIn general, it is\neasier\nto recognize the positive symptoms of schizophrenia than the negative symptoms. This is mainly because the negative symptoms often disguise themselves as something else. During diagnosis, a psychiatrist or another doctor will try to rule out other conditions, such as depression or\nbipolar disorder\n, before reaching a conclusion.\nVarious treatment options exist for individuals with schizophrenia. These treatments include medication, psychological and social intervention, and therapy.\nMedication\nA doctor may prescribe\nantipsychotics\nfor the long-term treatment of schizophrenia. These drugs alter the individual’s brain chemistry to reduce the risk of and prevent psychotic symptoms. In some cases, the doctor may administer these drugs via regular injections once every\n1 to 4 weeks\n.\nAlternatively, the doctor may prescribe\nantidepressants\nor anti-anxiety drugs to help manage certain symptoms.\nSome research\nsuggests that antipsychotic medications work better on positive symptoms than on negative symptoms and thought disorder. However, a\n2022 study\nfound that atypical antipsychotic drugs can be effective against negative symptoms of schizophrenia.\nIntervention\nEven with the proper medication and dosage, individuals with schizophrenia may still require psychosocial interventions in the form of individual or family therapy. Psychosocial intervention isn’t effective as the only method of treatment and should take place alongside medication. They may also need vocational or societal rehabilitation. Depending on the case, the individual may require ongoing assisted living or day-to-day support.\nOther treatment options\nIn extreme cases, or when the individual is a danger to themself or others, they may require hospitalization.\nWithout treatment, schizophrenia may become more complicated and progress into major health problems that could affect other aspects of day-to-day living. However, although there is no way to prevent schizophrenia, there are ways to manage the disorder, such as:\nworking with a doctor to create a strict treatment plan and sticking to it\nseeking professional aid\ncutting out harmful substances such as drugs or alcohol, if applicable\nseeking positive support from loved ones\nEven if the symptoms diminish over time with proper medication, schizophrenia necessitates lifelong, ongoing treatment.\nSchizophrenia is a nonpreventable, challenging mental disorder, but it is treatable.\nThe positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, illogical changes in behavior or thoughts, and thought disorder.\nNegative symptoms include apathy, lethargy, and withdrawal from social events or settings. Without treatment, these symptoms have an association with major problems, such as homelessness, life threatening illness, or even suicide.\nHowever, there are many existing treatment options, such as antipsychotics and psychosocial interventions. With proper and early treatment, individuals with the condition can lead a healthy, full life, although some may require living assistance.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  ### Health Conditions\n  - [Alzheimer's & Dementia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/alzheimers-and-dementia)\n  - [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/anxiety)\n  - [Asthma & Allergies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/asthma-and-allergies)\n  - [Atopic Dermatitis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/program\/investigating-atopic-dermatitis)\n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cancer)\n  - [Cardiovascular Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cardiovascular-health)\n  - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/coronavirus?correlationId=2b137d5a-dcfb-464e-9ea6-72c5a54b4e92)\n  - [Diabetes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/diabetes)\n  - [Endometriosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/endometriosis)\n  - 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[Can Cannibas Trigger?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/weed-induced-schizophrenia-symptoms)\n  - [Religious Impacts](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/religious-schizophrenia)\n  - [Trauma Induced](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/trauma-and-schizophrenia)\n  - [Average Age of Onset](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-age-of-onset)\n  - [Risk of Occurance](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-common-is-schizophrenia)\n  - [Link to Dopamine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/dopamine-and-schizophrenia)\n  - [Genetic Impacts](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-and-genetics)\n  - [Causes Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-do-you-get-schizophrenia)\n- ### Complications\n  Complications\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Impacts on Brain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-part-of-the-brain-is-affected-by-schizophrenia)\n  - [Can It Affect Smell?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-smell)\n  - [Decompensation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/decompensated-schizophrenia)\n  - [Increased Risk of Parkinson's](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-may-increase-parkinsons-disease-risk)\n- ### Diagnosis\n  Diagnosis\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Brain Scans](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/does-schizophrenia-show-on-a-brain-scan)\n  - [Can it Go Undiagnosed?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/undiagnosed-schizophrenia)\n  - [Blood Tests](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/expert-perspectives-blood-tests-and-schizophrenia)\n  - [Diagnosis Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-test)\n- ### Home Remedies\n  Home Remedies\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Alternative Treatments Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/alternative-treatments-for-schizophrenia)\n  - [CBD Oil](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/does-cbd-oil-help-schizophrenia)\n- ### Management\n  Management\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Managing Relationships](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/dating-someone-with-schizophrenia)\n  - [Supporting Someone Else](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-to-help-someone-with-schizophrenia)\n  - [Claiming Disability](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-schizophrenia-a-disability)\n  - [Coping Tips](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-coping)\n  - [Support Groups](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-support-groups)\n  - [Expressed Emotion](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/expressed-emotion-schizophrenia)\n  - [Art Therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-art)\n  - [Management Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/living-with-schizophrenia)\n- ### Treatment\n  Treatment\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ect-for-schizophrenia)\n  - [Abilify](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/abilify)\n  - [Rexulti](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/rexulti)\n  - [Injections](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-injection)\n  - [Latuda](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/latuda)\n  - [Caplyta](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-caplyta)\n  - [Invega](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-invega)\n  - [Cobenfy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-cobenfy)\n  - [Atypical Antipsychotics](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/atypical-antipsychotics)\n  - [Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cbt-for-schizophrenia)\n  - [Fanapt](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-fanapt)\n  - [Risperdal](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/risperdal-schizophrenia)\n  - [Invega Sustenna](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-invega-sustenna)\n  - [Lithium](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/lithium-for-schizophrenia)\n  - [Lybalvi](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-lybalvi)\n  - [Aristada](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/aristada)\n  - [Combination Therapies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/combination-therapies-for-schizophrenia)\n  - [Therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-therapy)\n  - [Treatment Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-medication-for-schizophrenia)\n  - [Abilify](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-aripiprazole-tablet)\n  - [Cobenfy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/breakthrough-in-schizophrenia-treatment)\n  - [Invega Trinza](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-invega-trinza)\n  - [Abilify Maintena](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-abilify-maintena)\n  - [Abilify Asimtufii](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-abilify-asimtufii)\n  - [Invega Hafyera](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-invega-hafyera)\n- ### Prognosis\n  Prognosis\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Work Life](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-people-with-schizophrenia-work)\n  - [Does it Worsen With Age?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/does-schizophrenia-get-worse-with-age)\n  - [Possible Cures](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-there-a-cure-for-schizophrenia)\n  - [Outlook Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-life-expectancy)\n- ### Related Conditions\n  Related Conditions\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Drug-Induced](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drug-induced-schizophrenia)\n  - [vs. Psychosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/psychosis-vs-schizophrenia)\n  - [Relationship to ADHD](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/314464)\n  - [vs. Dissociative Identity Disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/dissociative-identity-disorder-and-schizophrenia)\n  - [With Paranoia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/192621)\n  - [Autism & Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-you-have-autism-and-schizophrenia-at-the-same-time)\n  - [vs. Schizoaffective Disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizoaffective-vs-schizophrenia)\n  - [Link to Dementia?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-and-dementia)\n  - [Alcohol-Induced Pyschosis Disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-alcohol-induce-schizophrenia)\n  - [vs. Delusional Disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/delusional-disorder-vs-schizophrenia)\n  - [vs. Drug-Induced Pyschosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drug-induced-psychosis-vs-schizophrenia)\n  - [Link to Asperger's](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/aspergers-and-schizophrenia)\n  - [With Depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-depression)\n  - [Schizoaffective Disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/190678)\n  - [Schizophreniform Disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophreniform)\n  - [Link to Stress](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/link-between-stress-and-schizophrenia)\n- ### Stages\n  Stages\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Stages Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/stages-of-schizophrenia)\n  - [Prodromal Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/prodromal-schizophrenia)\n- ### Symptoms\n  Symptoms\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Auditory Hallucinations](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/auditory-hallucinations)\n  - [Hallucinations](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-hallucinations)\n  - [Avolition](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/avolition-schizophrenia)\n  - [Positive Symptoms](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia)\n  - [Delusions](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-delusions)\n  - [Disorganized Thoughts](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/192361)\n  - [Negative Symptoms](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/negative-symptoms-of-schizophrenia)\n  - [In Teens](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-in-teens)\n  - [vs. Neurotypical Brain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-brain-vs-neurotypical-brain)\n  - [Early Signs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/early-signs-of-schizophrenia)\n  - [Abivalence](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ambivalence-schizophrenia)\n  - [Flat Affect](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/flat-affect-schizophrenia)\n  - [Clanging](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/clanging-schizophrenia)\n  - [Early Signs in Children](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/early-signs-of-schizophrenia-in-children)\n- ### Types\n  Types\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Catatonic Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/192263)\n  - [In Females](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophrenia-in-women)\n  - [Undifferentiated Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/undifferentiated-schizophrenia)\n  - [Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia)\n  - [Borderline Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/borderline-schizophrenia)\n  - [Acute Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/acute-schizophrenia)\n  - [Simple Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/simple-schizophrenia)\n  - [In Children](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/192104)\n  - [High Functioning Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/high-functioning-schizophrenia)\n  - [Types Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/192770)\n\n[Investigating Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/program\/investigating-schizophrenia \"Investigating Schizophrenia program landing page\")\n\nContent created by Medical News Today and supported by advertising. [Learn more](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/ad-policy)\n\n# What to know about the positive symptoms of schizophrenia\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/New-Matthew-Boland-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Matthew Boland, PhD]() — Written by Angela Mae —  [Updated on November 5, 2024]()\n\n- [Positive symptoms](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#positive-symptoms)\n- [Why 'positive'?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#why-positive)\n- [Risks](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#risks)\n- [Other symptoms](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#other-symptoms)\n- [Diagnosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#diagnosis)\n- [Treatment](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#treatment)\n- [Outlook](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#outlook)\n- [Summary](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#summary)\n\nSchizophrenia causes symptoms that doctors classify as positive or negative. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, and certain changes in thoughts or behaviors.\n\nWorldwide, there are an estimated [24 million](https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/schizophrenia#:~:text=Schizophrenia%20affects%2020%20million%20people,affect%20educational%20and%20occupational%20performance.) people with schizophrenia, many of whom experience the positive symptoms of the condition.\n\nUnlike negative symptoms, positive symptoms appear after a person develops schizophrenia and become part of their psyche.\n\nIn contrast to some other mental health conditions, schizophrenia is highly treatable with antipsychotic medications, therapy, and other treatment options. However, ongoing treatment is necessary to help manage and prevent symptoms. There are also several ways to identify the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia early on.\n\nThis article looks in more detail at the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. It also discusses the risks, diagnosis, and treatment of schizophrenia and the overall outlook.\n\n## [What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?]()\n[Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/36942) has both [positive and negative symptoms](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/schizophrenia\/what-is-schizophrenia). Positive symptoms are those that affect the individual’s perception of reality. They include:\n\n- delusions\n- hallucinations\n- strange or inexplicable behavioral changes\n- confusion or thought disorder\n\nPeople with schizophrenia may experience one or more of these symptoms.\n\n### Delusions\nA delusion is something a person believes without a doubt to be true despite evidence to the contrary. These delusions, which are typically based on something false or unrealistic, often cause the individual to act differently than usual. They may even try to use a delusional idea to justify or explain their actions.\n\nAn individual who experiences delusions may believe that there are hidden messages in common, everyday occurrences. They may find a meaning that does not really exist in, for example, the color of someone’s clothes or a media broadcast.\n\nA person with schizophrenia may also have the feeling that someone is watching or following them or talking about them behind their back. As a result, they may become suspicious of close friends or family members. This is sometimes known as [paranoid schizophrenia](http:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/192621).\n\nA 2019 study of 214 psychiatric outpatients with schizophrenia found that the condition occurred in about [47\\.7%](https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Chidozie-Chukwujekwu\/publication\/336795290_Prevalence_Patterns_and_Correlates_of_Schizophrenia_among_Out-Patient_Attendees_at_Madonna_University_Teaching_HospitalElele_A_3-Year_Review\/links\/5e734e3d4585152cdbfd7936\/Prevalence-Patterns-and-Correlates-of-Schizophrenia-among-Out-Patient-Attendees-at-Madonna-University-Teaching-Hospital-Elele-A-3-Year-Review.pdf)  of individuals. Various environmental and genetic factors may trigger paranoid schizophrenia.\n\nDelusions may continue for several weeks or even months. A [2022 study](https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/psychiatry\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.940124\/full) examining 262 individuals with schizophrenia vs. affective psychosis found:\n\n- 33% experienced a thought delusion\n- 38% experienced a thematic delusion\n- 45% experienced any delusion\n\nThe researchers categorized thought delusions as being related to thought insertion, withdrawal, or referential. They categorized thematic delusions as being related to self-depreciation, nihilism, or grandeur.\n\n### Hallucinations\nA hallucination is something that does not exist, but the individual still believes they can touch, see, hear, smell, or even taste. One of the most common types of hallucination in people with schizophrenia is an auditory hallucination, which is a term for sounds that a person hears in their head.\n\nThese may take the form of voices, which can often be abusive or critical but are sometimes friendly and conversational. Regardless, for most individuals who hear voices, they are as real as they would be if anyone nearby were speaking.\n\nIn fact, [studies](https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41537-022-00308-x) using neuroimaging equipment show key changes in the speech area of the brain in people with schizophrenia. This is a clear indicator that the brain mistakes the mental voices for real ones.\n\nApproximately [60% to 80%](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8632545\/) of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders report hearing voices.\n\n### Thought disorder\n[Thought disorder](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9674097\/) is a confused, disorganized way of thinking that may result in a person expressing themself in unusual ways when speaking or writing. It is common in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.\n\nThought disorder relates to a person’s ability to sustain concentration and focus, evaluate situations in a logical and coherent fashion, and plan and execute tasks in a goal-directed and logical way. Both behavior and language can be indicators of thought disorder.\n\n## [Why are they called positive?]()\nPositive symptoms are those that contribute additional experiences to a person’s overall experience. These changes arose after the individual developed schizophrenia rather than before. This includes added sounds or voices in hallucinations or beliefs in delusions.\n\nNegative symptoms are named as such because they refer to thoughts and behaviors that the individual had before developing schizophrenia but has since lost. In other words, negative symptoms are removed experiences of the person, such as limited speech, social withdrawal, or an inability to express interest or pleasure.\n\n## [Risks]()\nAlthough the symptoms of schizophrenia vary in terms of severity, people with this condition have an increased risk of negative outcomes. For instance:\n\n- There is a link between schizophrenia and a [higher mortality rate](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9077617\/) due to other medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/141287). This may be due to mismanagement of modifiable risk factors.\n- [Approximately 50%](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/schizophrenia)\n  of all people with schizophrenia have a second mental health condition or behavioral disorder, such as depression, substance misuse, or anxiety.\n- People with schizophrenia may have an increased risk of [suicide](https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/psychiatry\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.779684\/full), particularly around the onset of the illness.\n\nMoreover, those with schizophrenia may have a higher financial burden due to the costs of treating the condition. They may also experience apathy, withdrawal from society, and a lack of productivity. These symptoms, in turn, can lead to unemployment or other financial crises.\n\n### Help is out there\nIf you or someone you know is in crisis and considering suicide or self-harm, please seek support:\n\n- Call or text the [988 Lifeline](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/) at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org. Caring counselors are available to listen and provide free and confidential support 24\/7.\n- Text HOME to the [Crisis Text Line](https:\/\/www.crisistextline.org\/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIsPDQrdXH5wIVBRx9Ch1YdQjIEAAYASAAEgJ_1_D_BwE) at 741741 to connect with a volunteer crisis counselor for free and confidential support 24\/7.\n- Not in the United States? Find a helpline in your country with [Befrienders Worldwide](https:\/\/www.befrienders.org\/).\n- Call 911 or your local emergency services number if you feel safe to do so.\n\nIf you’re calling on behalf of someone else, stay with them until help arrives. You may remove weapons or substances that can cause harm if you can do so safely.\n\nIf you’re not in the same household, stay on the phone with them until help arrives.\n\n## [Other symptoms of schizophrenia]()\nAside from the more widely known positive symptoms of schizophrenia, there are also lesser-known [negative symptoms](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7041437\/), such as:\n\n- extreme apathy\n- lethargy\n- inappropriate emotional responses, such as laughing at something sad or crying at something happy\n- withdrawal from social settings or loved ones\n- speech reduction or muteness\n- decreased libido\n- inattentiveness or lack of concentration\n\nAlthough they receive less media attention, these negative symptoms also greatly affect the individual’s quality of life and ability to live as usual. Without treatment, many people have difficulty coping with these symptoms.\n\n## [Diagnosis]()\n[Most people](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/schizophrenia) with schizophrenia receive a diagnosis between their teenage years and early 30s. It can sometimes be [difficult to diagnose](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Mental-Health-Conditions\/Schizophrenia\/Overview) the condition early on because some early symptoms, such as lethargy, apathy, and lack of motivation, can also be common features of adolescence.\n\nOnce a person starts experiencing delusions, fully realized hallucinations, thought disorder, and hyperactive behavior, the condition becomes easier to diagnose.\n\nDiagnosis usually includes some or all of the following:\n\n- complete medical exam\n- cognitive or personality tests\n- urine and blood tests to help rule out other possible causes, such as drug or alcohol abuse\n- [CT scans](http:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/153201) or MRI scans to reveal hidden other issues, such as a [brain tumor](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/315625)\n\nDoctors will [only diagnose](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Mental-Health-Conditions\/Schizophrenia\/Overview) schizophrenia if a person has consistently experienced at least two of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia in the past month and has experienced these symptoms for the past 6 months.\n\nIn general, it is [easier](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7041437\/) to recognize the positive symptoms of schizophrenia than the negative symptoms. This is mainly because the negative symptoms often disguise themselves as something else. During diagnosis, a psychiatrist or another doctor will try to rule out other conditions, such as depression or [bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/37010), before reaching a conclusion.\n\n## [Treatment]()\nVarious treatment options exist for individuals with schizophrenia. These treatments include medication, psychological and social intervention, and therapy.\n\n### Medication\nA doctor may prescribe [antipsychotics](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519503\/) for the long-term treatment of schizophrenia. These drugs alter the individual’s brain chemistry to reduce the risk of and prevent psychotic symptoms. In some cases, the doctor may administer these drugs via regular injections once every [1 to 4 weeks](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/schizophrenia\/treatment\/).\n\nAlternatively, the doctor may prescribe [antidepressants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248320) or anti-anxiety drugs to help manage certain symptoms.\n\n[Some research](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6222385\/) suggests that antipsychotic medications work better on positive symptoms than on negative symptoms and thought disorder. However, a [2022 study](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9500595\/) found that atypical antipsychotic drugs can be effective against negative symptoms of schizophrenia.\n\n### Intervention\nEven with the proper medication and dosage, individuals with schizophrenia may still require psychosocial interventions in the form of individual or family therapy. Psychosocial intervention isn’t effective as the only method of treatment and should take place alongside medication. They may also need vocational or societal rehabilitation. Depending on the case, the individual may require ongoing assisted living or day-to-day support.\n\n### Other treatment options\nSome doctors recommend [electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/297655) to help treat schizophrenia. [Research shows](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538266\/) that ECT can be particularly helpful in those who also experience depression.\n\nIn extreme cases, or when the individual is a danger to themself or others, they may require hospitalization.\n\n## [Outlook]()\nWithout treatment, schizophrenia may become more complicated and progress into major health problems that could affect other aspects of day-to-day living. However, although there is no way to prevent schizophrenia, there are ways to manage the disorder, such as:\n\n- working with a doctor to create a strict treatment plan and sticking to it\n- seeking professional aid\n- cutting out harmful substances such as drugs or alcohol, if applicable\n- seeking positive support from loved ones\n\nEven if the symptoms diminish over time with proper medication, schizophrenia necessitates lifelong, ongoing treatment.\n\n## [Summary]()\nSchizophrenia is a nonpreventable, challenging mental disorder, but it is treatable.\n\nThe positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, illogical changes in behavior or thoughts, and thought disorder.\n\nNegative symptoms include apathy, lethargy, and withdrawal from social events or settings. Without treatment, these symptoms have an association with major problems, such as homelessness, life threatening illness, or even suicide.\n\nHowever, there are many existing treatment options, such as antipsychotics and psychosocial interventions. With proper and early treatment, individuals with the condition can lead a healthy, full life, although some may require living assistance.\n\n- [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/mental-health)\n- [Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/schizophrenia)\n- [Neurology \/ Neuroscience](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/neurology)\n- [Psychology \/ Psychiatry](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/psychology-psychiatry)\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nMedical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/process).\n\n- Berardelli I, et al. (2021). The importance of suicide risk formulation in schizophrenia.  \n  <https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/psychiatry\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.779684\/full>\n- Chang X, et al. (2022). Language abnormalities in schizophrenia: Binding core symptoms through contemporary empirical evidence.  \n  <https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41537-022-00308-x>\n- Chokhawala K, et al. (2023). Antipsychotic medications.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519503\/>\n- Chukwujekwu CD. (2019). Prevalence, patterns and correlates of schizophrenia among out-patient attendees at Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Elele: A 3-year review.  \n  <https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Chidozie-Chukwujekwu\/publication\/336795290_Prevalence_Patterns_and_Correlates_of_Schizophrenia_among_Out-Patient_Attendees_at_Madonna_University_Teaching_HospitalElele_A_3-Year_Review\/links\/5e734e3d4585152cdbfd7936\/Prevalence-Patterns-and-Correlates-of-Schizophrenia-among-Out-Patient-Attendees-at-Madonna-University-Teaching-Hospital-Elele-A-3-Year-Review.pdf>\n- Ciaunica A, et al. (2022). I overthink — therefore I am not: An active inference account of altered sense of self and agency in depersonalisation disorder.  \n  [https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1053810022000526?via%3Dihub](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1053810022000526?via%3Dihub)\n- Correll CU, et al. (2020). Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: A review and clinical guide for recognition, assessment, and treatment.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7041437\/>\n- Correll CU, et al. (2022). Mortality in people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9077617\/>\n- George M, et al. (2017). Understanding the schizophrenia prodrome.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5806335\/>\n- Orzelska-Górka J, et al. (2022). New atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia and depression. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9500595\/>\n- Özbek SU, et al. (2021). Thought disorder as a neglected dimension in schizophrenia.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9674097\/>\n- Rosen C, et al. (2022). ‘An experience of meaning’: A 20-year prospective analysis of delusional realities in schizophrenia and affective psychoses.  \n  <https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/psychiatry\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.940124\/full>\n- Salik I, et al. (2022). Electroconvulsive therapy.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538266\/>\n- Schizophrenia. (2022).   \n  <https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/schizophrenia>\n- Schizophrenia. (n.d.).   \n  <https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Mental-Health-Conditions\/Schizophrenia>\n- Schizophrenia. (n.d.).   \n  <https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/schizophrenia>\n- Shao X, et al. (2021). The etiology of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: From multidimensional levels.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8632545\/>\n- Stępnicki P, et al. (2018). Current concepts and treatments of schizophrenia.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6222385\/>\n- Treatment — schizophrenia. (2023).   \n  <https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/schizophrenia\/treatment\/>\n- What is schizophrenia? (2024).  \n  <https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/schizophrenia\/what-is-schizophrenia>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/New-Matthew-Boland-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\nMedically reviewed by [Matthew Boland, PhD](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers\/matthew-boland-phd) — Written by Angela Mae —  Updated on November 5, 2024\n\n## More in [Investigating Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/program\/investigating-schizophrenia)\n- [What to know about schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/36942)\n- [What to know about the stages of schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/stages-of-schizophrenia)\n- [What to know about treatment-resistant schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia)\n- [View all](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/program\/investigating-schizophrenia)\n\n### Related Coverage\n- [Your guide to helping someone with schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-to-help-someone-with-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Caring for someone with schizophrenia requires patience and understanding. Learn how to support someone with schizophrenia.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-to-help-someone-with-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-to-help-someone-with-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What to know about treatment-resistant schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Treatment-resistant schizophrenia is when a person takes two or more types of medication for schizophrenia but symptoms do not improve. Learn more.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Psychosis vs. schizophrenia: How do they differ?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/psychosis-vs-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Psychosis is a common symptom of schizophrenia. However, there are other reasons a person may experience psychosis. Learn more here.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/psychosis-vs-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/psychosis-vs-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. 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MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Schizophrenia causes symptoms that doctors classify as positive or negative. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, and certain changes in thoughts or behaviors.\n\nWorldwide, there are an estimated [24 million](https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/schizophrenia#:~:text=Schizophrenia%20affects%2020%20million%20people,affect%20educational%20and%20occupational%20performance.) people with schizophrenia, many of whom experience the positive symptoms of the condition.\n\nUnlike negative symptoms, positive symptoms appear after a person develops schizophrenia and become part of their psyche.\n\nIn contrast to some other mental health conditions, schizophrenia is highly treatable with antipsychotic medications, therapy, and other treatment options. However, ongoing treatment is necessary to help manage and prevent symptoms. There are also several ways to identify the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia early on.\n\nThis article looks in more detail at the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. It also discusses the risks, diagnosis, and treatment of schizophrenia and the overall outlook.\n\n- delusions\n- hallucinations\n- strange or inexplicable behavioral changes\n- confusion or thought disorder\n\nPeople with schizophrenia may experience one or more of these symptoms.\n\nDelusions\n\nA delusion is something a person believes without a doubt to be true despite evidence to the contrary. These delusions, which are typically based on something false or unrealistic, often cause the individual to act differently than usual. They may even try to use a delusional idea to justify or explain their actions.\n\nAn individual who experiences delusions may believe that there are hidden messages in common, everyday occurrences. They may find a meaning that does not really exist in, for example, the color of someone’s clothes or a media broadcast.\n\nA person with schizophrenia may also have the feeling that someone is watching or following them or talking about them behind their back. As a result, they may become suspicious of close friends or family members. This is sometimes known as [paranoid schizophrenia](http:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/192621).\n\nA 2019 study of 214 psychiatric outpatients with schizophrenia found that the condition occurred in about [47\\.7%](https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Chidozie-Chukwujekwu\/publication\/336795290_Prevalence_Patterns_and_Correlates_of_Schizophrenia_among_Out-Patient_Attendees_at_Madonna_University_Teaching_HospitalElele_A_3-Year_Review\/links\/5e734e3d4585152cdbfd7936\/Prevalence-Patterns-and-Correlates-of-Schizophrenia-among-Out-Patient-Attendees-at-Madonna-University-Teaching-Hospital-Elele-A-3-Year-Review.pdf)  of individuals. Various environmental and genetic factors may trigger paranoid schizophrenia.\n\nDelusions may continue for several weeks or even months. A [2022 study](https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/psychiatry\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.940124\/full) examining 262 individuals with schizophrenia vs. affective psychosis found:\n\n- 33% experienced a thought delusion\n- 38% experienced a thematic delusion\n- 45% experienced any delusion\n\nThe researchers categorized thought delusions as being related to thought insertion, withdrawal, or referential. They categorized thematic delusions as being related to self-depreciation, nihilism, or grandeur.\n\nHallucinations\n\nA hallucination is something that does not exist, but the individual still believes they can touch, see, hear, smell, or even taste. One of the most common types of hallucination in people with schizophrenia is an auditory hallucination, which is a term for sounds that a person hears in their head.\n\nThese may take the form of voices, which can often be abusive or critical but are sometimes friendly and conversational. Regardless, for most individuals who hear voices, they are as real as they would be if anyone nearby were speaking.\n\nIn fact, [studies](https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41537-022-00308-x) using neuroimaging equipment show key changes in the speech area of the brain in people with schizophrenia. This is a clear indicator that the brain mistakes the mental voices for real ones.\n\nApproximately [60% to 80%](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8632545\/) of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders report hearing voices.\n\nThought disorder\n\n[Thought disorder](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9674097\/) is a confused, disorganized way of thinking that may result in a person expressing themself in unusual ways when speaking or writing. It is common in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.\n\nThought disorder relates to a person’s ability to sustain concentration and focus, evaluate situations in a logical and coherent fashion, and plan and execute tasks in a goal-directed and logical way. Both behavior and language can be indicators of thought disorder.\n\nPositive symptoms are those that contribute additional experiences to a person’s overall experience. These changes arose after the individual developed schizophrenia rather than before. This includes added sounds or voices in hallucinations or beliefs in delusions.\n\nNegative symptoms are named as such because they refer to thoughts and behaviors that the individual had before developing schizophrenia but has since lost. In other words, negative symptoms are removed experiences of the person, such as limited speech, social withdrawal, or an inability to express interest or pleasure.\n\nAlthough the symptoms of schizophrenia vary in terms of severity, people with this condition have an increased risk of negative outcomes. For instance:\n\n- There is a link between schizophrenia and a [higher mortality rate](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9077617\/) due to other medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/141287). This may be due to mismanagement of modifiable risk factors.\n- [Approximately 50%](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/schizophrenia)\n  of all people with schizophrenia have a second mental health condition or behavioral disorder, such as depression, substance misuse, or anxiety.\n- People with schizophrenia may have an increased risk of [suicide](https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/psychiatry\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.779684\/full), particularly around the onset of the illness.\n\nMoreover, those with schizophrenia may have a higher financial burden due to the costs of treating the condition. They may also experience apathy, withdrawal from society, and a lack of productivity. These symptoms, in turn, can lead to unemployment or other financial crises.\n\nAside from the more widely known positive symptoms of schizophrenia, there are also lesser-known [negative symptoms](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7041437\/), such as:\n\n- extreme apathy\n- lethargy\n- inappropriate emotional responses, such as laughing at something sad or crying at something happy\n- withdrawal from social settings or loved ones\n- speech reduction or muteness\n- decreased libido\n- inattentiveness or lack of concentration\n\nAlthough they receive less media attention, these negative symptoms also greatly affect the individual’s quality of life and ability to live as usual. Without treatment, many people have difficulty coping with these symptoms.\n\n[Most people](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/schizophrenia) with schizophrenia receive a diagnosis between their teenage years and early 30s. It can sometimes be [difficult to diagnose](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Mental-Health-Conditions\/Schizophrenia\/Overview) the condition early on because some early symptoms, such as lethargy, apathy, and lack of motivation, can also be common features of adolescence.\n\nOnce a person starts experiencing delusions, fully realized hallucinations, thought disorder, and hyperactive behavior, the condition becomes easier to diagnose.\n\nDiagnosis usually includes some or all of the following:\n\n- complete medical exam\n- cognitive or personality tests\n- urine and blood tests to help rule out other possible causes, such as drug or alcohol abuse\n- [CT scans](http:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/153201) or MRI scans to reveal hidden other issues, such as a [brain tumor](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/315625)\n\nDoctors will [only diagnose](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Mental-Health-Conditions\/Schizophrenia\/Overview) schizophrenia if a person has consistently experienced at least two of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia in the past month and has experienced these symptoms for the past 6 months.\n\nIn general, it is [easier](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7041437\/) to recognize the positive symptoms of schizophrenia than the negative symptoms. This is mainly because the negative symptoms often disguise themselves as something else. During diagnosis, a psychiatrist or another doctor will try to rule out other conditions, such as depression or [bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/37010), before reaching a conclusion.\n\nVarious treatment options exist for individuals with schizophrenia. These treatments include medication, psychological and social intervention, and therapy.\n\nMedication\n\nA doctor may prescribe [antipsychotics](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519503\/) for the long-term treatment of schizophrenia. These drugs alter the individual’s brain chemistry to reduce the risk of and prevent psychotic symptoms. In some cases, the doctor may administer these drugs via regular injections once every [1 to 4 weeks](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/schizophrenia\/treatment\/).\n\nAlternatively, the doctor may prescribe [antidepressants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248320) or anti-anxiety drugs to help manage certain symptoms.\n\n[Some research](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6222385\/) suggests that antipsychotic medications work better on positive symptoms than on negative symptoms and thought disorder. However, a [2022 study](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9500595\/) found that atypical antipsychotic drugs can be effective against negative symptoms of schizophrenia.\n\nIntervention\n\nEven with the proper medication and dosage, individuals with schizophrenia may still require psychosocial interventions in the form of individual or family therapy. Psychosocial intervention isn’t effective as the only method of treatment and should take place alongside medication. They may also need vocational or societal rehabilitation. Depending on the case, the individual may require ongoing assisted living or day-to-day support.\n\nOther treatment options\n\nIn extreme cases, or when the individual is a danger to themself or others, they may require hospitalization.\n\nWithout treatment, schizophrenia may become more complicated and progress into major health problems that could affect other aspects of day-to-day living. However, although there is no way to prevent schizophrenia, there are ways to manage the disorder, such as:\n\n- working with a doctor to create a strict treatment plan and sticking to it\n- seeking professional aid\n- cutting out harmful substances such as drugs or alcohol, if applicable\n- seeking positive support from loved ones\n\nEven if the symptoms diminish over time with proper medication, schizophrenia necessitates lifelong, ongoing treatment.\n\nSchizophrenia is a nonpreventable, challenging mental disorder, but it is treatable.\n\nThe positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, illogical changes in behavior or thoughts, and thought disorder.\n\nNegative symptoms include apathy, lethargy, and withdrawal from social events or settings. Without treatment, these symptoms have an association with major problems, such as homelessness, life threatening illness, or even suicide.\n\nHowever, there are many existing treatment options, such as antipsychotics and psychosocial interventions. With proper and early treatment, individuals with the condition can lead a healthy, full life, although some may require living assistance.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Schizophrenia causes symptoms that doctors classify as positive or negative. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, and certain changes in thoughts or behaviors. Worldwide, there are an estimated 24 million people with schizophrenia, many of whom experience the positive symptoms of the condition. Unlike negative symptoms, positive symptoms appear after a person develops schizophrenia and become part of their psyche. In contrast to some other mental health conditions, schizophrenia is highly treatable with antipsychotic medications, therapy, and other treatment options. However, ongoing treatment is necessary to help manage and prevent symptoms. There are also several ways to identify the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia early on. This article looks in more detail at the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. It also discusses the risks, diagnosis, and treatment of schizophrenia and the overall outlook. delusions hallucinations strange or inexplicable behavioral changes confusion or thought disorder People with schizophrenia may experience one or more of these symptoms. Delusions A delusion is something a person believes without a doubt to be true despite evidence to the contrary. These delusions, which are typically based on something false or unrealistic, often cause the individual to act differently than usual. They may even try to use a delusional idea to justify or explain their actions. An individual who experiences delusions may believe that there are hidden messages in common, everyday occurrences. They may find a meaning that does not really exist in, for example, the color of someone’s clothes or a media broadcast. A person with schizophrenia may also have the feeling that someone is watching or following them or talking about them behind their back. As a result, they may become suspicious of close friends or family members. This is sometimes known as paranoid schizophrenia . A 2019 study of 214 psychiatric outpatients with schizophrenia found that the condition occurred in about 47.7% of individuals. Various environmental and genetic factors may trigger paranoid schizophrenia. Delusions may continue for several weeks or even months. A 2022 study examining 262 individuals with schizophrenia vs. affective psychosis found: 33% experienced a thought delusion 38% experienced a thematic delusion 45% experienced any delusion The researchers categorized thought delusions as being related to thought insertion, withdrawal, or referential. They categorized thematic delusions as being related to self-depreciation, nihilism, or grandeur. Hallucinations A hallucination is something that does not exist, but the individual still believes they can touch, see, hear, smell, or even taste. One of the most common types of hallucination in people with schizophrenia is an auditory hallucination, which is a term for sounds that a person hears in their head. These may take the form of voices, which can often be abusive or critical but are sometimes friendly and conversational. Regardless, for most individuals who hear voices, they are as real as they would be if anyone nearby were speaking. In fact, studies using neuroimaging equipment show key changes in the speech area of the brain in people with schizophrenia. This is a clear indicator that the brain mistakes the mental voices for real ones. Approximately 60% to 80% of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders report hearing voices. Thought disorder Thought disorder is a confused, disorganized way of thinking that may result in a person expressing themself in unusual ways when speaking or writing. It is common in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Thought disorder relates to a person’s ability to sustain concentration and focus, evaluate situations in a logical and coherent fashion, and plan and execute tasks in a goal-directed and logical way. Both behavior and language can be indicators of thought disorder. Positive symptoms are those that contribute additional experiences to a person’s overall experience. These changes arose after the individual developed schizophrenia rather than before. This includes added sounds or voices in hallucinations or beliefs in delusions. Negative symptoms are named as such because they refer to thoughts and behaviors that the individual had before developing schizophrenia but has since lost. In other words, negative symptoms are removed experiences of the person, such as limited speech, social withdrawal, or an inability to express interest or pleasure. Although the symptoms of schizophrenia vary in terms of severity, people with this condition have an increased risk of negative outcomes. For instance: There is a link between schizophrenia and a higher mortality rate due to other medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . This may be due to mismanagement of modifiable risk factors. Approximately 50% of all people with schizophrenia have a second mental health condition or behavioral disorder, such as depression, substance misuse, or anxiety. People with schizophrenia may have an increased risk of suicide , particularly around the onset of the illness. Moreover, those with schizophrenia may have a higher financial burden due to the costs of treating the condition. They may also experience apathy, withdrawal from society, and a lack of productivity. These symptoms, in turn, can lead to unemployment or other financial crises. Aside from the more widely known positive symptoms of schizophrenia, there are also lesser-known negative symptoms , such as: extreme apathy lethargy inappropriate emotional responses, such as laughing at something sad or crying at something happy withdrawal from social settings or loved ones speech reduction or muteness decreased libido inattentiveness or lack of concentration Although they receive less media attention, these negative symptoms also greatly affect the individual’s quality of life and ability to live as usual. Without treatment, many people have difficulty coping with these symptoms. Most people with schizophrenia receive a diagnosis between their teenage years and early 30s. It can sometimes be difficult to diagnose the condition early on because some early symptoms, such as lethargy, apathy, and lack of motivation, can also be common features of adolescence. Once a person starts experiencing delusions, fully realized hallucinations, thought disorder, and hyperactive behavior, the condition becomes easier to diagnose. Diagnosis usually includes some or all of the following: complete medical exam cognitive or personality tests urine and blood tests to help rule out other possible causes, such as drug or alcohol abuse CT scans or MRI scans to reveal hidden other issues, such as a brain tumor Doctors will only diagnose schizophrenia if a person has consistently experienced at least two of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia in the past month and has experienced these symptoms for the past 6 months. In general, it is easier to recognize the positive symptoms of schizophrenia than the negative symptoms. This is mainly because the negative symptoms often disguise themselves as something else. During diagnosis, a psychiatrist or another doctor will try to rule out other conditions, such as depression or bipolar disorder , before reaching a conclusion. Various treatment options exist for individuals with schizophrenia. These treatments include medication, psychological and social intervention, and therapy. Medication A doctor may prescribe antipsychotics for the long-term treatment of schizophrenia. These drugs alter the individual’s brain chemistry to reduce the risk of and prevent psychotic symptoms. In some cases, the doctor may administer these drugs via regular injections once every 1 to 4 weeks . Alternatively, the doctor may prescribe antidepressants or anti-anxiety drugs to help manage certain symptoms. Some research suggests that antipsychotic medications work better on positive symptoms than on negative symptoms and thought disorder. However, a 2022 study found that atypical antipsychotic drugs can be effective against negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Intervention Even with the proper medication and dosage, individuals with schizophrenia may still require psychosocial interventions in the form of individual or family therapy. Psychosocial intervention isn’t effective as the only method of treatment and should take place alongside medication. They may also need vocational or societal rehabilitation. Depending on the case, the individual may require ongoing assisted living or day-to-day support. Other treatment options In extreme cases, or when the individual is a danger to themself or others, they may require hospitalization. Without treatment, schizophrenia may become more complicated and progress into major health problems that could affect other aspects of day-to-day living. However, although there is no way to prevent schizophrenia, there are ways to manage the disorder, such as: working with a doctor to create a strict treatment plan and sticking to it seeking professional aid cutting out harmful substances such as drugs or alcohol, if applicable seeking positive support from loved ones Even if the symptoms diminish over time with proper medication, schizophrenia necessitates lifelong, ongoing treatment. Schizophrenia is a nonpreventable, challenging mental disorder, but it is treatable. The positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, illogical changes in behavior or thoughts, and thought disorder. Negative symptoms include apathy, lethargy, and withdrawal from social events or settings. Without treatment, these symptoms have an association with major problems, such as homelessness, life threatening illness, or even suicide. However, there are many existing treatment options, such as antipsychotics and psychosocial interventions. With proper and early treatment, individuals with the condition can lead a healthy, full life, although some may require living assistance.
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### Prognosis Prognosis #### Related Articles - [Work Life](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-people-with-schizophrenia-work) - [Does it Worsen With Age?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/does-schizophrenia-get-worse-with-age) - [Possible Cures](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-there-a-cure-for-schizophrenia) - [Outlook Overview](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/schizophrenia-life-expectancy) - ### Related Conditions Related Conditions #### Related Articles - [Drug-Induced](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drug-induced-schizophrenia) - [vs. Psychosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/psychosis-vs-schizophrenia) - [Relationship to ADHD](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314464) - [vs. Dissociative Identity Disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/dissociative-identity-disorder-and-schizophrenia) - [With Paranoia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192621) - [Autism & Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-you-have-autism-and-schizophrenia-at-the-same-time) - [vs. Schizoaffective Disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/schizoaffective-vs-schizophrenia) - [Link to Dementia?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/schizophrenia-and-dementia) - [Alcohol-Induced Pyschosis Disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-alcohol-induce-schizophrenia) - [vs. Delusional Disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/delusional-disorder-vs-schizophrenia) - [vs. Drug-Induced Pyschosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drug-induced-psychosis-vs-schizophrenia) - [Link to Asperger's](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/aspergers-and-schizophrenia) - [With Depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/schizophrenia-depression) - [Schizoaffective Disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/190678) - [Schizophreniform Disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/schizophreniform) - [Link to Stress](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/link-between-stress-and-schizophrenia) - ### Stages Stages #### Related Articles - [Stages Overview](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stages-of-schizophrenia) - [Prodromal Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/prodromal-schizophrenia) - ### Symptoms Symptoms #### Related Articles - [Auditory Hallucinations](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/auditory-hallucinations) - [Hallucinations](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/schizophrenia-hallucinations) - [Avolition](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/avolition-schizophrenia) - [Positive Symptoms](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia) - [Delusions](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/schizophrenia-delusions) - [Disorganized Thoughts](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192361) - [Negative Symptoms](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/negative-symptoms-of-schizophrenia) - [In Teens](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/schizophrenia-in-teens) - [vs. Neurotypical Brain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/schizophrenia-brain-vs-neurotypical-brain) - [Early Signs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/early-signs-of-schizophrenia) - [Abivalence](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ambivalence-schizophrenia) - [Flat Affect](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/flat-affect-schizophrenia) - [Clanging](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/clanging-schizophrenia) - [Early Signs in Children](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/early-signs-of-schizophrenia-in-children) - ### Types Types #### Related Articles - [Catatonic Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192263) - [In Females](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/schizophrenia-in-women) - [Undifferentiated Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/undifferentiated-schizophrenia) - [Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia) - [Borderline Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/borderline-schizophrenia) - [Acute Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/acute-schizophrenia) - [Simple Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/simple-schizophrenia) - [In Children](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192104) - [High Functioning Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/high-functioning-schizophrenia) - [Types Overview](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192770) [Investigating Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/program/investigating-schizophrenia "Investigating Schizophrenia program landing page") Content created by Medical News Today and supported by advertising. [Learn more](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/ad-policy) # What to know about the positive symptoms of schizophrenia ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/New-Matthew-Boland-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Matthew Boland, PhD]() — Written by Angela Mae — [Updated on November 5, 2024]() - [Positive symptoms](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#positive-symptoms) - [Why 'positive'?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#why-positive) - [Risks](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#risks) - [Other symptoms](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#other-symptoms) - [Diagnosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#diagnosis) - [Treatment](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#treatment) - [Outlook](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#outlook) - [Summary](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/positive-symptoms-of-schizophrenia#summary) Schizophrenia causes symptoms that doctors classify as positive or negative. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, and certain changes in thoughts or behaviors. Worldwide, there are an estimated [24 million](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia#:~:text=Schizophrenia%20affects%2020%20million%20people,affect%20educational%20and%20occupational%20performance.) people with schizophrenia, many of whom experience the positive symptoms of the condition. Unlike negative symptoms, positive symptoms appear after a person develops schizophrenia and become part of their psyche. In contrast to some other mental health conditions, schizophrenia is highly treatable with antipsychotic medications, therapy, and other treatment options. However, ongoing treatment is necessary to help manage and prevent symptoms. There are also several ways to identify the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia early on. This article looks in more detail at the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. It also discusses the risks, diagnosis, and treatment of schizophrenia and the overall outlook. ## [What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?]() [Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/36942) has both [positive and negative symptoms](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia). Positive symptoms are those that affect the individual’s perception of reality. They include: - delusions - hallucinations - strange or inexplicable behavioral changes - confusion or thought disorder People with schizophrenia may experience one or more of these symptoms. ### Delusions A delusion is something a person believes without a doubt to be true despite evidence to the contrary. These delusions, which are typically based on something false or unrealistic, often cause the individual to act differently than usual. They may even try to use a delusional idea to justify or explain their actions. An individual who experiences delusions may believe that there are hidden messages in common, everyday occurrences. They may find a meaning that does not really exist in, for example, the color of someone’s clothes or a media broadcast. A person with schizophrenia may also have the feeling that someone is watching or following them or talking about them behind their back. As a result, they may become suspicious of close friends or family members. This is sometimes known as [paranoid schizophrenia](http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192621). A 2019 study of 214 psychiatric outpatients with schizophrenia found that the condition occurred in about [47\.7%](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chidozie-Chukwujekwu/publication/336795290_Prevalence_Patterns_and_Correlates_of_Schizophrenia_among_Out-Patient_Attendees_at_Madonna_University_Teaching_HospitalElele_A_3-Year_Review/links/5e734e3d4585152cdbfd7936/Prevalence-Patterns-and-Correlates-of-Schizophrenia-among-Out-Patient-Attendees-at-Madonna-University-Teaching-Hospital-Elele-A-3-Year-Review.pdf) of individuals. Various environmental and genetic factors may trigger paranoid schizophrenia. Delusions may continue for several weeks or even months. A [2022 study](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.940124/full) examining 262 individuals with schizophrenia vs. affective psychosis found: - 33% experienced a thought delusion - 38% experienced a thematic delusion - 45% experienced any delusion The researchers categorized thought delusions as being related to thought insertion, withdrawal, or referential. They categorized thematic delusions as being related to self-depreciation, nihilism, or grandeur. ### Hallucinations A hallucination is something that does not exist, but the individual still believes they can touch, see, hear, smell, or even taste. One of the most common types of hallucination in people with schizophrenia is an auditory hallucination, which is a term for sounds that a person hears in their head. These may take the form of voices, which can often be abusive or critical but are sometimes friendly and conversational. Regardless, for most individuals who hear voices, they are as real as they would be if anyone nearby were speaking. In fact, [studies](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-022-00308-x) using neuroimaging equipment show key changes in the speech area of the brain in people with schizophrenia. This is a clear indicator that the brain mistakes the mental voices for real ones. Approximately [60% to 80%](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8632545/) of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders report hearing voices. ### Thought disorder [Thought disorder](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9674097/) is a confused, disorganized way of thinking that may result in a person expressing themself in unusual ways when speaking or writing. It is common in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Thought disorder relates to a person’s ability to sustain concentration and focus, evaluate situations in a logical and coherent fashion, and plan and execute tasks in a goal-directed and logical way. Both behavior and language can be indicators of thought disorder. ## [Why are they called positive?]() Positive symptoms are those that contribute additional experiences to a person’s overall experience. These changes arose after the individual developed schizophrenia rather than before. This includes added sounds or voices in hallucinations or beliefs in delusions. Negative symptoms are named as such because they refer to thoughts and behaviors that the individual had before developing schizophrenia but has since lost. In other words, negative symptoms are removed experiences of the person, such as limited speech, social withdrawal, or an inability to express interest or pleasure. ## [Risks]() Although the symptoms of schizophrenia vary in terms of severity, people with this condition have an increased risk of negative outcomes. For instance: - There is a link between schizophrenia and a [higher mortality rate](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9077617/) due to other medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/141287). This may be due to mismanagement of modifiable risk factors. - [Approximately 50%](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/schizophrenia) of all people with schizophrenia have a second mental health condition or behavioral disorder, such as depression, substance misuse, or anxiety. - People with schizophrenia may have an increased risk of [suicide](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.779684/full), particularly around the onset of the illness. Moreover, those with schizophrenia may have a higher financial burden due to the costs of treating the condition. They may also experience apathy, withdrawal from society, and a lack of productivity. These symptoms, in turn, can lead to unemployment or other financial crises. ### Help is out there If you or someone you know is in crisis and considering suicide or self-harm, please seek support: - Call or text the [988 Lifeline](https://988lifeline.org/) at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org. Caring counselors are available to listen and provide free and confidential support 24/7. - Text HOME to the [Crisis Text Line](https://www.crisistextline.org/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIsPDQrdXH5wIVBRx9Ch1YdQjIEAAYASAAEgJ_1_D_BwE) at 741741 to connect with a volunteer crisis counselor for free and confidential support 24/7. - Not in the United States? Find a helpline in your country with [Befrienders Worldwide](https://www.befrienders.org/). - Call 911 or your local emergency services number if you feel safe to do so. If you’re calling on behalf of someone else, stay with them until help arrives. You may remove weapons or substances that can cause harm if you can do so safely. If you’re not in the same household, stay on the phone with them until help arrives. ## [Other symptoms of schizophrenia]() Aside from the more widely known positive symptoms of schizophrenia, there are also lesser-known [negative symptoms](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041437/), such as: - extreme apathy - lethargy - inappropriate emotional responses, such as laughing at something sad or crying at something happy - withdrawal from social settings or loved ones - speech reduction or muteness - decreased libido - inattentiveness or lack of concentration Although they receive less media attention, these negative symptoms also greatly affect the individual’s quality of life and ability to live as usual. Without treatment, many people have difficulty coping with these symptoms. ## [Diagnosis]() [Most people](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/schizophrenia) with schizophrenia receive a diagnosis between their teenage years and early 30s. It can sometimes be [difficult to diagnose](https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Schizophrenia/Overview) the condition early on because some early symptoms, such as lethargy, apathy, and lack of motivation, can also be common features of adolescence. Once a person starts experiencing delusions, fully realized hallucinations, thought disorder, and hyperactive behavior, the condition becomes easier to diagnose. Diagnosis usually includes some or all of the following: - complete medical exam - cognitive or personality tests - urine and blood tests to help rule out other possible causes, such as drug or alcohol abuse - [CT scans](http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153201) or MRI scans to reveal hidden other issues, such as a [brain tumor](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315625) Doctors will [only diagnose](https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Schizophrenia/Overview) schizophrenia if a person has consistently experienced at least two of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia in the past month and has experienced these symptoms for the past 6 months. In general, it is [easier](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041437/) to recognize the positive symptoms of schizophrenia than the negative symptoms. This is mainly because the negative symptoms often disguise themselves as something else. During diagnosis, a psychiatrist or another doctor will try to rule out other conditions, such as depression or [bipolar disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/37010), before reaching a conclusion. ## [Treatment]() Various treatment options exist for individuals with schizophrenia. These treatments include medication, psychological and social intervention, and therapy. ### Medication A doctor may prescribe [antipsychotics](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519503/) for the long-term treatment of schizophrenia. These drugs alter the individual’s brain chemistry to reduce the risk of and prevent psychotic symptoms. In some cases, the doctor may administer these drugs via regular injections once every [1 to 4 weeks](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/schizophrenia/treatment/). Alternatively, the doctor may prescribe [antidepressants](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248320) or anti-anxiety drugs to help manage certain symptoms. [Some research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6222385/) suggests that antipsychotic medications work better on positive symptoms than on negative symptoms and thought disorder. However, a [2022 study](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9500595/) found that atypical antipsychotic drugs can be effective against negative symptoms of schizophrenia. ### Intervention Even with the proper medication and dosage, individuals with schizophrenia may still require psychosocial interventions in the form of individual or family therapy. Psychosocial intervention isn’t effective as the only method of treatment and should take place alongside medication. They may also need vocational or societal rehabilitation. Depending on the case, the individual may require ongoing assisted living or day-to-day support. ### Other treatment options Some doctors recommend [electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/297655) to help treat schizophrenia. [Research shows](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538266/) that ECT can be particularly helpful in those who also experience depression. In extreme cases, or when the individual is a danger to themself or others, they may require hospitalization. ## [Outlook]() Without treatment, schizophrenia may become more complicated and progress into major health problems that could affect other aspects of day-to-day living. However, although there is no way to prevent schizophrenia, there are ways to manage the disorder, such as: - working with a doctor to create a strict treatment plan and sticking to it - seeking professional aid - cutting out harmful substances such as drugs or alcohol, if applicable - seeking positive support from loved ones Even if the symptoms diminish over time with proper medication, schizophrenia necessitates lifelong, ongoing treatment. ## [Summary]() Schizophrenia is a nonpreventable, challenging mental disorder, but it is treatable. The positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, illogical changes in behavior or thoughts, and thought disorder. Negative symptoms include apathy, lethargy, and withdrawal from social events or settings. Without treatment, these symptoms have an association with major problems, such as homelessness, life threatening illness, or even suicide. However, there are many existing treatment options, such as antipsychotics and psychosocial interventions. With proper and early treatment, individuals with the condition can lead a healthy, full life, although some may require living assistance. - [Mental Health](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/mental-health) - [Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/schizophrenia) - [Neurology / Neuroscience](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/neurology) - [Psychology / Psychiatry](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/psychology-psychiatry) ### How we reviewed this article: Sources Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/process). - Berardelli I, et al. (2021). The importance of suicide risk formulation in schizophrenia. <https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.779684/full> - Chang X, et al. (2022). Language abnormalities in schizophrenia: Binding core symptoms through contemporary empirical evidence. <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-022-00308-x> - Chokhawala K, et al. (2023). Antipsychotic medications. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519503/> - Chukwujekwu CD. (2019). Prevalence, patterns and correlates of schizophrenia among out-patient attendees at Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Elele: A 3-year review. <https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chidozie-Chukwujekwu/publication/336795290_Prevalence_Patterns_and_Correlates_of_Schizophrenia_among_Out-Patient_Attendees_at_Madonna_University_Teaching_HospitalElele_A_3-Year_Review/links/5e734e3d4585152cdbfd7936/Prevalence-Patterns-and-Correlates-of-Schizophrenia-among-Out-Patient-Attendees-at-Madonna-University-Teaching-Hospital-Elele-A-3-Year-Review.pdf> - Ciaunica A, et al. (2022). I overthink — therefore I am not: An active inference account of altered sense of self and agency in depersonalisation disorder. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810022000526?via%3Dihub](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810022000526?via%3Dihub) - Correll CU, et al. (2020). 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(2024). <https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/New-Matthew-Boland-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) Medically reviewed by [Matthew Boland, PhD](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers/matthew-boland-phd) — Written by Angela Mae — Updated on November 5, 2024 ## More in [Investigating Schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/program/investigating-schizophrenia) - [What to know about schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/36942) - [What to know about the stages of schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stages-of-schizophrenia) - [What to know about treatment-resistant schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia) - [View all](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/program/investigating-schizophrenia) ### Related Coverage - [Your guide to helping someone with schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-help-someone-with-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) [Caring for someone with schizophrenia requires patience and understanding. Learn how to support someone with schizophrenia.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-help-someone-with-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-help-someone-with-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) - [What to know about treatment-resistant schizophrenia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) [Treatment-resistant schizophrenia is when a person takes two or more types of medication for schizophrenia but symptoms do not improve. Learn more.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Psychosis vs. schizophrenia: How do they differ?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/psychosis-vs-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) [Psychosis is a common symptom of schizophrenia. However, there are other reasons a person may experience psychosis. Learn more here.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/psychosis-vs-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/psychosis-vs-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) © 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. 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Readable Markdown	Schizophrenia causes symptoms that doctors classify as positive or negative. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, and certain changes in thoughts or behaviors. Worldwide, there are an estimated [24 million](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia#:~:text=Schizophrenia%20affects%2020%20million%20people,affect%20educational%20and%20occupational%20performance.) people with schizophrenia, many of whom experience the positive symptoms of the condition. Unlike negative symptoms, positive symptoms appear after a person develops schizophrenia and become part of their psyche. In contrast to some other mental health conditions, schizophrenia is highly treatable with antipsychotic medications, therapy, and other treatment options. However, ongoing treatment is necessary to help manage and prevent symptoms. There are also several ways to identify the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia early on. This article looks in more detail at the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. It also discusses the risks, diagnosis, and treatment of schizophrenia and the overall outlook. - delusions - hallucinations - strange or inexplicable behavioral changes - confusion or thought disorder People with schizophrenia may experience one or more of these symptoms. Delusions A delusion is something a person believes without a doubt to be true despite evidence to the contrary. These delusions, which are typically based on something false or unrealistic, often cause the individual to act differently than usual. They may even try to use a delusional idea to justify or explain their actions. An individual who experiences delusions may believe that there are hidden messages in common, everyday occurrences. They may find a meaning that does not really exist in, for example, the color of someone’s clothes or a media broadcast. A person with schizophrenia may also have the feeling that someone is watching or following them or talking about them behind their back. As a result, they may become suspicious of close friends or family members. This is sometimes known as [paranoid schizophrenia](http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192621). A 2019 study of 214 psychiatric outpatients with schizophrenia found that the condition occurred in about [47\.7%](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chidozie-Chukwujekwu/publication/336795290_Prevalence_Patterns_and_Correlates_of_Schizophrenia_among_Out-Patient_Attendees_at_Madonna_University_Teaching_HospitalElele_A_3-Year_Review/links/5e734e3d4585152cdbfd7936/Prevalence-Patterns-and-Correlates-of-Schizophrenia-among-Out-Patient-Attendees-at-Madonna-University-Teaching-Hospital-Elele-A-3-Year-Review.pdf) of individuals. Various environmental and genetic factors may trigger paranoid schizophrenia. Delusions may continue for several weeks or even months. A [2022 study](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.940124/full) examining 262 individuals with schizophrenia vs. affective psychosis found: - 33% experienced a thought delusion - 38% experienced a thematic delusion - 45% experienced any delusion The researchers categorized thought delusions as being related to thought insertion, withdrawal, or referential. They categorized thematic delusions as being related to self-depreciation, nihilism, or grandeur. Hallucinations A hallucination is something that does not exist, but the individual still believes they can touch, see, hear, smell, or even taste. One of the most common types of hallucination in people with schizophrenia is an auditory hallucination, which is a term for sounds that a person hears in their head. These may take the form of voices, which can often be abusive or critical but are sometimes friendly and conversational. Regardless, for most individuals who hear voices, they are as real as they would be if anyone nearby were speaking. In fact, [studies](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-022-00308-x) using neuroimaging equipment show key changes in the speech area of the brain in people with schizophrenia. This is a clear indicator that the brain mistakes the mental voices for real ones. Approximately [60% to 80%](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8632545/) of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders report hearing voices. Thought disorder [Thought disorder](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9674097/) is a confused, disorganized way of thinking that may result in a person expressing themself in unusual ways when speaking or writing. It is common in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Thought disorder relates to a person’s ability to sustain concentration and focus, evaluate situations in a logical and coherent fashion, and plan and execute tasks in a goal-directed and logical way. Both behavior and language can be indicators of thought disorder. Positive symptoms are those that contribute additional experiences to a person’s overall experience. These changes arose after the individual developed schizophrenia rather than before. This includes added sounds or voices in hallucinations or beliefs in delusions. Negative symptoms are named as such because they refer to thoughts and behaviors that the individual had before developing schizophrenia but has since lost. In other words, negative symptoms are removed experiences of the person, such as limited speech, social withdrawal, or an inability to express interest or pleasure. Although the symptoms of schizophrenia vary in terms of severity, people with this condition have an increased risk of negative outcomes. For instance: - There is a link between schizophrenia and a [higher mortality rate](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9077617/) due to other medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/141287). This may be due to mismanagement of modifiable risk factors. - [Approximately 50%](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/schizophrenia) of all people with schizophrenia have a second mental health condition or behavioral disorder, such as depression, substance misuse, or anxiety. - People with schizophrenia may have an increased risk of [suicide](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.779684/full), particularly around the onset of the illness. Moreover, those with schizophrenia may have a higher financial burden due to the costs of treating the condition. They may also experience apathy, withdrawal from society, and a lack of productivity. These symptoms, in turn, can lead to unemployment or other financial crises. Aside from the more widely known positive symptoms of schizophrenia, there are also lesser-known [negative symptoms](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041437/), such as: - extreme apathy - lethargy - inappropriate emotional responses, such as laughing at something sad or crying at something happy - withdrawal from social settings or loved ones - speech reduction or muteness - decreased libido - inattentiveness or lack of concentration Although they receive less media attention, these negative symptoms also greatly affect the individual’s quality of life and ability to live as usual. Without treatment, many people have difficulty coping with these symptoms. [Most people](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/schizophrenia) with schizophrenia receive a diagnosis between their teenage years and early 30s. It can sometimes be [difficult to diagnose](https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Schizophrenia/Overview) the condition early on because some early symptoms, such as lethargy, apathy, and lack of motivation, can also be common features of adolescence. Once a person starts experiencing delusions, fully realized hallucinations, thought disorder, and hyperactive behavior, the condition becomes easier to diagnose. Diagnosis usually includes some or all of the following: - complete medical exam - cognitive or personality tests - urine and blood tests to help rule out other possible causes, such as drug or alcohol abuse - [CT scans](http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153201) or MRI scans to reveal hidden other issues, such as a [brain tumor](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315625) Doctors will [only diagnose](https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Schizophrenia/Overview) schizophrenia if a person has consistently experienced at least two of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia in the past month and has experienced these symptoms for the past 6 months. In general, it is [easier](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041437/) to recognize the positive symptoms of schizophrenia than the negative symptoms. This is mainly because the negative symptoms often disguise themselves as something else. During diagnosis, a psychiatrist or another doctor will try to rule out other conditions, such as depression or [bipolar disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/37010), before reaching a conclusion. Various treatment options exist for individuals with schizophrenia. These treatments include medication, psychological and social intervention, and therapy. Medication A doctor may prescribe [antipsychotics](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519503/) for the long-term treatment of schizophrenia. These drugs alter the individual’s brain chemistry to reduce the risk of and prevent psychotic symptoms. In some cases, the doctor may administer these drugs via regular injections once every [1 to 4 weeks](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/schizophrenia/treatment/). Alternatively, the doctor may prescribe [antidepressants](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248320) or anti-anxiety drugs to help manage certain symptoms. [Some research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6222385/) suggests that antipsychotic medications work better on positive symptoms than on negative symptoms and thought disorder. However, a [2022 study](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9500595/) found that atypical antipsychotic drugs can be effective against negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Intervention Even with the proper medication and dosage, individuals with schizophrenia may still require psychosocial interventions in the form of individual or family therapy. Psychosocial intervention isn’t effective as the only method of treatment and should take place alongside medication. They may also need vocational or societal rehabilitation. Depending on the case, the individual may require ongoing assisted living or day-to-day support. Other treatment options In extreme cases, or when the individual is a danger to themself or others, they may require hospitalization. Without treatment, schizophrenia may become more complicated and progress into major health problems that could affect other aspects of day-to-day living. However, although there is no way to prevent schizophrenia, there are ways to manage the disorder, such as: - working with a doctor to create a strict treatment plan and sticking to it - seeking professional aid - cutting out harmful substances such as drugs or alcohol, if applicable - seeking positive support from loved ones Even if the symptoms diminish over time with proper medication, schizophrenia necessitates lifelong, ongoing treatment. Schizophrenia is a nonpreventable, challenging mental disorder, but it is treatable. The positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, illogical changes in behavior or thoughts, and thought disorder. Negative symptoms include apathy, lethargy, and withdrawal from social events or settings. Without treatment, these symptoms have an association with major problems, such as homelessness, life threatening illness, or even suicide. However, there are many existing treatment options, such as antipsychotics and psychosocial interventions. With proper and early treatment, individuals with the condition can lead a healthy, full life, although some may require living assistance.
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