🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 110 (from laksa180)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa110.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-screening-tools","crawl_time":1775059913,"first_indexed_time":1687272592,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,medicalnewstoday!www,\/articles\/depression-screening-tools s443","src_root_hash":"5853625527623639710","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Depression screening tools: PHQ, BDI, CES-D, EQ-5D, and more","meta_descriptions":["Healthcare professionals use depression screening tools to enable early detection and assessment. Learn more."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Identifying and diagnosing depression is crucial for effective intervention and treatment. Researchers and experts have developed depression screening tools to enable early detection and assessment.\nThese tools offer a structured framework to evaluate symptoms of\ndepression\n, helping healthcare professionals make informed decisions and promoting better mental health care outcomes.\nA doctor or healthcare professional may use a depression screening tool during routine appointments or\nmental health\ncheckups. The results provide a useful starting point for a diagnosis and treatment plan.\nThe article outlines several commonly used depression screening tools, explains who should undergo screening, and offers guidance on when to contact a doctor.\nDepression screening tests offer preliminary assessments and help healthcare professionals identify people who may require further evaluation rather than providing a diagnosis. They can play a\nsignificant role\nin promoting awareness and understanding of depression, leading to enhanced mental health support.\nWhen selecting depression screening tools, healthcare professionals consider various factors, including the:\nage group\ntarget population\ncultural and linguistic aspects\nThe following are examples of commonly used screening tools.\nThe\nPHQ\nis a convenient and concise self-report instrument for quickly assessing depressive symptoms. Healthcare professionals commonly use it for screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring in primary care settings.\nThe PHQ has different versions, including the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2, which assess the severity of depressive symptoms according to criteria in the\nDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision\n(\nDSM-5-TR\n).\nThe PHQ-9 is a more comprehensive assessment consisting of nine items that measure the frequency and intensity of common depression symptoms. While similar, the PHQ-2 is a condensed version of the PHQ-9.\nThese assessments are the predominant screening tools for adult depression. Experts highly value them due to their clinical usefulness and diagnostic accuracy.\nThe BDI is a self-report assessment tool that evaluates observable behaviors and the severity of depressive symptoms. It contains 21 multiple-choice questions covering various cognitive, emotional, and physical aspects of depression.\nThe BDI is appropriate for people ages\n13–80 years\n. Extensive testing conducted worldwide supports its accuracy and consistency.\nThe CES-D is a widely used tool to assess depressive symptoms. Originally developed for the general population, healthcare professionals now commonly utilize it in primary care settings.\nIt consists of 20 self-report items rated on a four-point scale, and its primary aim is to identify and measure the frequency and intensity of these symptoms over one week.\nThe scale is suitable for a wide range of ages, including children as young as 6 years and older adults.\nExtensive research has verified its reliability and validity, demonstrating consistent performance among diverse genders and cultural backgrounds. It usually takes\nabout 20 minutes\n.\nThe EQ-5D is a quality-of-life assessment commonly used in clinical research, healthcare evaluations, and population health studies. It measures a person’s quality of life across five aspects:\nmobility\nself-care\nusual activities\npain\/discomfort\nanxiety\/depression\nEach dimension has three severity levels. The EQ-5D provides a\nconcise\nand reliable assessment of health-related quality of life, making it valuable in evaluating treatment outcomes and resource allocation decisions in healthcare.\nHealthcare professionals administer the HAM-D, which\nevaluates\nthe severity of depressive symptoms before, during, and after treatment. It scores 17 items on a five-point or three-point scale.\nThe HAM-D is a reliable and valid assessment tool widely utilized in clinical research and trials.\nThe MADRS is a clinician-administered rating scale that assesses depression severity. It consists of 10 items, rated on a seven-point scale, focusing on various facets of depression, such as mood, sleep, and appetite.\nIt was adapted from the HDRS and is more sensitive to detecting changes over time. It is widely used in clinical practice and research settings and intended for people\nages 18 and older\n.\nHealthcare professionals generally\nrecommend screening\npeople who may be at risk or have symptoms that indicate depression. This includes\npostpartum\npeople, adolescents, and young adults.\nfamily background of psychiatric disorders\nhistory of depression\nconduct disorder\nsubstance use\ncomplicated grief\nhistory of additional mental health disorders\nchronic medical condition\npersistent sleep disruption\ndisability\nunemployment\nloneliness\nlack of social support\nsingle relationship status\ndivorce\nA person should contact a healthcare professional if they have concerns about their mental health or are experiencing symptoms of depression. Fatigue, persistent sadness, and loss of interest or pleasure are common depression symptoms.\nIf they last several weeks, worsen, and significantly affect daily functioning, it is essential to seek help. A healthcare professional can provide a comprehensive evaluation and determine the appropriate course of action.\nWhile self-report measures and self-diagnosis can provide valuable insights into traits, behaviors, and mental health, they are not a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment.\nEarly and accurate detection of depression is crucial for starting treatment promptly and improving outcomes. If a person has symptoms or is at risk of depression, they should contact a healthcare professional to receive a diagnosis and begin treatment.\nWhile healthcare professionals do not use them for diagnostic purposes, these tools provide insights into individuals potentially at risk or experiencing depressive symptoms. They use these tools to provide a preliminary assessment and determine if further evaluation is necessary.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  Health Conditions\n  \n  - [Alzheimer's & Dementia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/alzheimers-and-dementia)\n  - [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/anxiety)\n  - [Asthma & Allergies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/asthma-and-allergies)\n  - [Atopic Dermatitis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/program\/investigating-atopic-dermatitis)\n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cancer)\n  - [Cardiovascular Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cardiovascular-health)\n  - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/coronavirus?correlationId=2b137d5a-dcfb-464e-9ea6-72c5a54b4e92)\n  - [Diabetes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/diabetes)\n  - [Endometriosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/endometriosis)\n  - [Environment & Sustainability](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/environment-and-sustainability)\n  - 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[Causes Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sad-for-no-reason)\n  - [Risk Factors](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/risk-factors-for-depression)\n  - [Hormonal Imbalance](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/hormonal-depression)\n  - [Genetics](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-depression-hereditary)\n  - [In the Morning](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322155)\n  - [Accutane](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/accutane-depression)\n  - [Fasting](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/fasting-depression)\n  - [In Gen Z](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/why-is-gen-z-depressed)\n  - [Social Media](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/social-media-and-depression)\n  - [Substance Misuse](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-and-substance-abuse)\n  - [Low Vitamin D](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/low-vitamin-d-and-depression-risk-factors-symptoms-and-more)\n- ### Complications\n  Complications\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Sickness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-depression-make-you-sick)\n  - [Brain Zaps](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/brain-zaps)\n  - [Memory Loss](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-and-memory-loss)\n  - [Anemia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anemia-and-depression)\n  - [Thyroid](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/thyroid-and-depression)\n  - [Caffeine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/313988)\n  - [Suicide Risk](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/suicidal-tendencies)\n  - [Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/antidepressant-discontinuation-syndrome)\n  - [Antidepressant Addiction](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/are-antidepressants-addictive)\n  - [Lithium Toxicity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/327145)\n  - [Insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-depression-cause-insomnia)\n  - [Alcohol Use](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/327460)\n  - [Stopping Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-happens-when-you-stop-taking-antidepressants)\n- ### Diagnosis\n  Diagnosis\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Screening Tools](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-screening-tools)\n  - [Diagnosis Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-is-depression-diagnosed)\n  - [Zung Self-Rating Scale](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/zung-self-rating-depression-scale)\n  - [Misdiagnosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-misdiagnosis)\n  - [Genetic Testing](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/genetic-testing-for-depression)\n  - [Who Can Diagnose](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/who-diagnoses-depression)\n- ### Home Remedies\n  Home Remedies\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Antidepressant Withdrawal Remedies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/natural-remedies-for-antidepressant-withdrawal)\n  - [Home Remedies Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/6-natural-antidepressants)\n  - [Herbs and Supplements](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/314421)\n  - [L-methylfolate](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/l-methylfolate-depression)\n  - [Sun lamp therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sun-lamp-therapy)\n  - [SAM-e](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sam-e-for-depression)\n  - [Kratom](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325747)\n  - [Probiotic](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/probiotics-for-depression)\n  - [Massage](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/massage-for-depression)\n  - [Acupuncture](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/acupuncture-for-depression)\n  - [Exercise](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/exercise-and-depression)\n  - [Meditation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/meditation-for-depression)\n  - [Best Sun Lamps](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sun-lamp)\n  - [Foods](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/318428)\n- ### Management\n  Management\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Weed](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-and-marijuana)\n  - [Getting Out of Bed](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325712)\n  - [Boost Serotonin](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322416)\n  - [Disability Benefits](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-depression-a-disability)\n  - [Finding Motivation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/315862)\n  - [Intervention](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-intervention)\n  - [Journaling](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-journal)\n  - [Support Groups](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-support-groups)\n  - [Managing Career](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/managing-your-career-with-mdd)\n  - [What to Say](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-to-say-to-someone-who-is-depressed)\n  - [Management Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/320502)\n- ### Prognosis\n  Prognosis\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Outlook Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/does-depression-go-away)\n  - [Is It Curable?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-you-cure-depression)\n  - [Signs of Worsening](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-getting-worse)\n  - [Statistics](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-statistics)\n  - [States & Severity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/stages-of-depression)\n- ### Related Conditions\n  Related Conditions\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Fatigue](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-vs-laziness)\n  - [Sadness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/314418)\n  - [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-vs-depression)\n  - [Autism](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/autistic-depression)\n  - [Erectile Dysfunction](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-depression-cause-erectile-dysfunction)\n  - [Grief](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-vs-grief)\n  - [Chronic Illness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/chronic-illness-and-depression)\n- ### Symptoms\n  Symptoms\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Symptoms Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326769)\n  - [Low Serotonin](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/serotonin-deficiency)\n  - [Signs of Relapse](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/320269)\n  - [Hidden Signs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325513)\n  - [What It Feels Like](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/314071)\n  - [Depressive Episode](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322495)\n  - [Emotional Distress](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/emotional-distress)\n  - [Tiredness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322264)\n  - [Personal Hygiene](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cant-shower-depression)\n  - [Weight Changes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-weight-gain)\n  - [Brain Fog](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/brain-fog-and-depression)\n  - [Impact on Brain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/howd-does-depression-affect-the-brain)\n  - [Appetite Changes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-food-doesnt-taste-good)\n  - [Headache](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-headaches)\n  - [Impact on Body](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322395)\n  - [Apathy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/apathy-depression)\n  - [Hyperfixation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/hyperfixation-and-depression)\n  - [Existential Crisis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/327244)\n  - [Lethargy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/lethargy)\n- ### Treatment\n  Treatment\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Treatment Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-treatment)\n  - [Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248320)\n  - [Wellbutrin](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-wellbutrin)\n  - [Cymbalta](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cymbalta)\n  - [SSRI vs. SNRI](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ssri-vs-snri)\n  - [Mirtazapine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/mirtazapine-oral-tablet)\n  - [Amitriptyline](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/amitriptyline-oral-tablet)\n  - [Stopping Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/benefits-of-stopping-antidepressants)\n  - [Prozac](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-prozac)\n  - [Celexa](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/celexa)\n  - [Effexor XR](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326678)\n  - [Zoloft](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325632)\n  - [Paxil](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325996)\n  - [Trintellix](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/trintellix)\n  - [Lexapro](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-lexapro)\n  - [Antidepressant Pros and Cons](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/pros-and-cons-of-antidepressants)\n  - [Trazodone](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-trazodone-tablet)\n  - [SNRIs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/snri)\n  - [Zoloft](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-zoloft)\n  - [Auvelity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-auvelity)\n  - [Spravato](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326038)\n  - [Switching Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/switching-antidepressants)\n  - [Tricyclic Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tricyclic-antidepressants)\n  - [Shock Therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/shock-therapy-for-depression)\n  - [Treatment Centers](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/rehab-for-depression)\n  - [Therapist vs. Psychologist](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/therapist-vs-psychologist-for-depression)\n  - [Aplenzin](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326372)\n  - [Brain Stimulation Therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/brain-stimulation-therapy)\n  - [Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation)\n  - [Therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-therapy)\n  - [Ketamine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-ketamine-addictive-when-used-for-depression)\n- ### Types\n  Types\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Types Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/327429)\n  - [Relationship](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/relationship-depression)\n  - [Nostalgic](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/nostalgic-depression)\n  - [Agitated](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/320370)\n  - [Major vs. Persistent](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/major-depressive-disorder-vs-persistent-depressive-disorder)\n  - [CNS](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/314790)\n  - [Pseudodementia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/pseudodementia)\n  - [Vs. Burnout](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/burnout-vs-depression)\n  - [Situational vs. Clinical](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/314698)\n  - [Mild](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321385)\n  - [Existential](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/existential-depression)\n  - [Depression at Night](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-at-night)\n  - [Spiritual](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/spiritual-depression)\n  - [Breakthrough](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/breakthrough-depression)\n  - [Work](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/work-depression)\n  - [Catatonic](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322199)\n  - [High-Functioning](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/high-functioning-depression)\n  - [Seasonal Affective Disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/10306)\n  - [Subsyndromal](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/subsyndromal-depression)\n  - [Geriatric](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/geriatric-depression)\n  - [Unipolar](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/unipolar-depression)\n  - [Postpartum](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/237109)\n  - [Treatment-Resistant](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/treatment-resistant-depression)\n  - [Severe](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/severe-depression)\n\n# What are depression screening tools?\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jacquelyn-Johnson-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Jacquelyn Johnson, PsyD.]() — Written by [Emily Cronkleton]()  on June 20, 2023\n\n- [Screening tests](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-screening-tools#screening-tests)\n- [PHQ](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-screening-tools#phq)\n- [BDI](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-screening-tools#bdi)\n- [CES-D](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-screening-tools#ces-d)\n- [EQ-5D](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-screening-tools#eq-5-d)\n- [HAM-D](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-screening-tools#ham-d)\n- [MADRS](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-screening-tools#madrs)\n- [Screening considerations](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-screening-tools#screening-considerations)\n- [Contacting a doctor](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-screening-tools#contacting-a-doctor)\n- [Summary](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-screening-tools#summary)\n\nIdentifying and diagnosing depression is crucial for effective intervention and treatment. Researchers and experts have developed depression screening tools to enable early detection and assessment.\n\nThese tools offer a structured framework to evaluate symptoms of [depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/8933), helping healthcare professionals make informed decisions and promoting better mental health care outcomes.\n\nA doctor or healthcare professional may use a depression screening tool during routine appointments or [mental health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/154543) checkups. The results provide a useful starting point for a diagnosis and treatment plan.\n\nThe article outlines several commonly used depression screening tools, explains who should undergo screening, and offers guidance on when to contact a doctor.\n\n## [Depression screening tests]()\n![A healthcare professional holding a tablet.](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/05\/doctor-female-patient-daughter-1296-728-header-1024x575.jpg?w=1155&h=1528)\n\n[Share on Pinterest](https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2Fdepression-screening-tools&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2023%2F05%2Fdoctor-female-patient-daughter-1296-728-header-1024x575.jpg&description=Depression%20screening%20tools%3A%20PHQ%2C%20BDI%2C%20CES-D%2C%20EQ-5D%2C%20and%20more \"Share on Pinterest\")\n\nThe Good Brigade\/Getty Images\n\nDepression screening tests offer preliminary assessments and help healthcare professionals identify people who may require further evaluation rather than providing a diagnosis. They can play a [significant role](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7673056\/) in promoting awareness and understanding of depression, leading to enhanced mental health support.\n\nWhen selecting depression screening tools, healthcare professionals consider various factors, including the:\n\n- age group\n- target population\n- cultural and linguistic aspects\n\nThe following are examples of commonly used screening tools.\n\n## [Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)]()\nThe [PHQ](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7673056\/) is a convenient and concise self-report instrument for quickly assessing depressive symptoms. Healthcare professionals commonly use it for screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring in primary care settings.\n\nThe PHQ has different versions, including the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2, which assess the severity of depressive symptoms according to criteria in the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision* (*DSM-5-TR*).\n\nThe PHQ-9 is a more comprehensive assessment consisting of nine items that measure the frequency and intensity of common depression symptoms. While similar, the PHQ-2 is a condensed version of the PHQ-9.\n\nThese assessments are the predominant screening tools for adult depression. Experts highly value them due to their clinical usefulness and diagnostic accuracy.\n\n## [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)]()\nThe BDI is a self-report assessment tool that evaluates observable behaviors and the severity of depressive symptoms. It contains 21 multiple-choice questions covering various cognitive, emotional, and physical aspects of depression.\n\nThe BDI is appropriate for people ages [13–80 years](https:\/\/www.apa.org\/depression-guideline\/assessment). Extensive testing conducted worldwide supports its accuracy and consistency.\n\n## [Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)]()\nThe CES-D is a widely used tool to assess depressive symptoms. Originally developed for the general population, healthcare professionals now commonly utilize it in primary care settings.\n\nIt consists of 20 self-report items rated on a four-point scale, and its primary aim is to identify and measure the frequency and intensity of these symptoms over one week.\n\nThe scale is suitable for a wide range of ages, including children as young as 6 years and older adults.\n\nExtensive research has verified its reliability and validity, demonstrating consistent performance among diverse genders and cultural backgrounds. It usually takes [about 20 minutes](https:\/\/www.apa.org\/depression-guideline\/assessment).\n\n## [EQ-5D]()\nThe EQ-5D is a quality-of-life assessment commonly used in clinical research, healthcare evaluations, and population health studies. It measures a person’s quality of life across five aspects:\n\n- mobility\n- self-care\n- usual activities\n- pain\/discomfort\n- anxiety\/depression\n\nEach dimension has three severity levels. The EQ-5D provides a [concise](https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40258-017-0310-5) and reliable assessment of health-related quality of life, making it valuable in evaluating treatment outcomes and resource allocation decisions in healthcare.\n\n## [Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D)]()\nHealthcare professionals administer the HAM-D, which [evaluates](https:\/\/www.apa.org\/depression-guideline\/assessment) the severity of depressive symptoms before, during, and after treatment. It scores 17 items on a five-point or three-point scale.\n\nThe HAM-D is a reliable and valid assessment tool widely utilized in clinical research and trials.\n\n## [Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)]()\nThe MADRS is a clinician-administered rating scale that assesses depression severity. It consists of 10 items, rated on a seven-point scale, focusing on various facets of depression, such as mood, sleep, and appetite.\n\nIt was adapted from the HDRS and is more sensitive to detecting changes over time. It is widely used in clinical practice and research settings and intended for people [ages 18 and older](https:\/\/www.apa.org\/depression-guideline\/assessment).\n\n## [Who should undergo screening?]()\nHealthcare professionals generally [recommend screening](https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2016\/0815\/od1.html) people who may be at risk or have symptoms that indicate depression. This includes [postpartum](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/postpartum-recovery\/) people, adolescents, and young adults.\n\n[Risk factors](https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2018\/1015\/p508.html) for depression include:\n\n- family background of psychiatric disorders\n- history of depression\n- [conduct disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/320386)\n- substance use\n- [complicated grief](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/complicated-grief)\n- history of additional mental health disorders\n- chronic medical condition\n- persistent sleep disruption\n- disability\n- unemployment\n- loneliness\n- lack of social support\n- single relationship status\n- divorce\n\n## [When to contact a doctor]()\nA person should contact a healthcare professional if they have concerns about their mental health or are experiencing symptoms of depression. Fatigue, persistent sadness, and loss of interest or pleasure are common depression symptoms.\n\nIf they last several weeks, worsen, and significantly affect daily functioning, it is essential to seek help. A healthcare professional can provide a comprehensive evaluation and determine the appropriate course of action.\n\nWhile self-report measures and self-diagnosis can provide valuable insights into traits, behaviors, and mental health, they are not a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment.\n\n## [Summary]()\nEarly and accurate detection of depression is crucial for starting treatment promptly and improving outcomes. If a person has symptoms or is at risk of depression, they should contact a healthcare professional to receive a diagnosis and begin treatment.\n\nWhile healthcare professionals do not use them for diagnostic purposes, these tools provide insights into individuals potentially at risk or experiencing depressive symptoms. They use these tools to provide a preliminary assessment and determine if further evaluation is necessary.\n\n- [Depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/depression)\n- [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/mental-health)\n- [Psychology \/ Psychiatry](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/psychology-psychiatry)\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nMedical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/process).\n\n- Depression assessment instruments. (2023).  \n  <https:\/\/www.apa.org\/depression-guideline\/assessment>\n- Devlin JA, et al. (2017) EQ-5D and the EuroQol group: Past, present and future.  \n  <https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40258-017-0310-5>\n- Maurer DM, et al. (2018). Depression: Screening and diagnosis.   \n  <https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2018\/1015\/p508.html>\n- Screening for depression in adults: Recommendation statement. (2016).   \n  <https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2016\/0815\/od1.html>\n- Siniscalchi KA, et al. (2020). Depression screening and measurement-based care in primary care.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7673056\/>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jacquelyn-Johnson-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Jacquelyn Johnson, PsyD.]() — Written by [Emily Cronkleton]()  on June 20, 2023\n\n## Latest news\n- [Could probiotics, dietary changes help protect brain health as we age?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/could-probiotics-dietary-changes-help-protect-brain-health-as-we-age)\n- [9 steps to improve heart health, per new dietary guidance from AHA](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9-steps-improve-heart-health-diet-guidance-aha)\n- [AI model can accurately predict liver cancer risk, study suggests](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ai-model-accurately-predict-liver-cancer-risk)\n- [AI-powered stroke tool linked to improved patient outcomes in large clinical trial](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ai-powered-stroke-tool-linked-improved-patient-outcomes-large-clinical-trial)\n- [Eating same meals on repeat, and more at weekends may help you lose more weight](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/eating-same-meals-repeat-more-weekends-may-help-lose-more-weight)\n\n### Related Coverage\n- [What to know about testing for depression and anger](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-and-anger-test?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Matthew Boland, PhD](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n  \n  [There are no specific diagnostic tools for either condition, but doctors can help determine the possible symptoms, their causes, and ways to manage…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-and-anger-test?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/depression-and-anger-test?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Tips to manage seasonal depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tips-to-manage-seasonal-depression?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) causes seasonal episodes of depression. Learn how to treat and manage this condition with home strategies here.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tips-to-manage-seasonal-depression?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tips-to-manage-seasonal-depression?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Is sleep the missing piece in mental health?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-sleep-the-missing-piece-in-mental-health?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [This podcast episode explores the two-way relationship between sleep and mental health, the science of sleep cycles, sleep supplements, and the role…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-sleep-the-missing-piece-in-mental-health?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-sleep-the-missing-piece-in-mental-health?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Frequent AI use linked to higher depression rates, study warns](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/frequent-ai-use-linked-to-higher-depression-rates-study-warns?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Personal usage of generative AI may increase the risk of depression, anxiety, and irritability, a new study finds.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/frequent-ai-use-linked-to-higher-depression-rates-study-warns?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/frequent-ai-use-linked-to-higher-depression-rates-study-warns?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Lexapro and Reddit: Fatigue, weight gain, and other questions answered](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/lexapro-reddit?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Learn about Lexapro and popular Reddit questions about fatigue, weight gain, and more.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/lexapro-reddit?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/lexapro-reddit?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. 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Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Identifying and diagnosing depression is crucial for effective intervention and treatment. Researchers and experts have developed depression screening tools to enable early detection and assessment.\n\nThese tools offer a structured framework to evaluate symptoms of [depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/8933), helping healthcare professionals make informed decisions and promoting better mental health care outcomes.\n\nA doctor or healthcare professional may use a depression screening tool during routine appointments or [mental health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/154543) checkups. The results provide a useful starting point for a diagnosis and treatment plan.\n\nThe article outlines several commonly used depression screening tools, explains who should undergo screening, and offers guidance on when to contact a doctor.\n\nDepression screening tests offer preliminary assessments and help healthcare professionals identify people who may require further evaluation rather than providing a diagnosis. They can play a [significant role](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7673056\/) in promoting awareness and understanding of depression, leading to enhanced mental health support.\n\nWhen selecting depression screening tools, healthcare professionals consider various factors, including the:\n\n- age group\n- target population\n- cultural and linguistic aspects\n\nThe following are examples of commonly used screening tools.\n\nThe [PHQ](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7673056\/) is a convenient and concise self-report instrument for quickly assessing depressive symptoms. Healthcare professionals commonly use it for screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring in primary care settings.\n\nThe PHQ has different versions, including the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2, which assess the severity of depressive symptoms according to criteria in the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision* (*DSM-5-TR*).\n\nThe PHQ-9 is a more comprehensive assessment consisting of nine items that measure the frequency and intensity of common depression symptoms. While similar, the PHQ-2 is a condensed version of the PHQ-9.\n\nThese assessments are the predominant screening tools for adult depression. Experts highly value them due to their clinical usefulness and diagnostic accuracy.\n\nThe BDI is a self-report assessment tool that evaluates observable behaviors and the severity of depressive symptoms. It contains 21 multiple-choice questions covering various cognitive, emotional, and physical aspects of depression.\n\nThe BDI is appropriate for people ages [13–80 years](https:\/\/www.apa.org\/depression-guideline\/assessment). Extensive testing conducted worldwide supports its accuracy and consistency.\n\nThe CES-D is a widely used tool to assess depressive symptoms. Originally developed for the general population, healthcare professionals now commonly utilize it in primary care settings.\n\nIt consists of 20 self-report items rated on a four-point scale, and its primary aim is to identify and measure the frequency and intensity of these symptoms over one week.\n\nThe scale is suitable for a wide range of ages, including children as young as 6 years and older adults.\n\nExtensive research has verified its reliability and validity, demonstrating consistent performance among diverse genders and cultural backgrounds. It usually takes [about 20 minutes](https:\/\/www.apa.org\/depression-guideline\/assessment).\n\nThe EQ-5D is a quality-of-life assessment commonly used in clinical research, healthcare evaluations, and population health studies. It measures a person’s quality of life across five aspects:\n\n- mobility\n- self-care\n- usual activities\n- pain\/discomfort\n- anxiety\/depression\n\nEach dimension has three severity levels. The EQ-5D provides a [concise](https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40258-017-0310-5) and reliable assessment of health-related quality of life, making it valuable in evaluating treatment outcomes and resource allocation decisions in healthcare.\n\nHealthcare professionals administer the HAM-D, which [evaluates](https:\/\/www.apa.org\/depression-guideline\/assessment) the severity of depressive symptoms before, during, and after treatment. It scores 17 items on a five-point or three-point scale.\n\nThe HAM-D is a reliable and valid assessment tool widely utilized in clinical research and trials.\n\nThe MADRS is a clinician-administered rating scale that assesses depression severity. It consists of 10 items, rated on a seven-point scale, focusing on various facets of depression, such as mood, sleep, and appetite.\n\nIt was adapted from the HDRS and is more sensitive to detecting changes over time. It is widely used in clinical practice and research settings and intended for people [ages 18 and older](https:\/\/www.apa.org\/depression-guideline\/assessment).\n\nHealthcare professionals generally [recommend screening](https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2016\/0815\/od1.html) people who may be at risk or have symptoms that indicate depression. This includes [postpartum](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/postpartum-recovery\/) people, adolescents, and young adults.\n\n- family background of psychiatric disorders\n- history of depression\n- [conduct disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/320386)\n- substance use\n- [complicated grief](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/complicated-grief)\n- history of additional mental health disorders\n- chronic medical condition\n- persistent sleep disruption\n- disability\n- unemployment\n- loneliness\n- lack of social support\n- single relationship status\n- divorce\n\nA person should contact a healthcare professional if they have concerns about their mental health or are experiencing symptoms of depression. Fatigue, persistent sadness, and loss of interest or pleasure are common depression symptoms.\n\nIf they last several weeks, worsen, and significantly affect daily functioning, it is essential to seek help. A healthcare professional can provide a comprehensive evaluation and determine the appropriate course of action.\n\nWhile self-report measures and self-diagnosis can provide valuable insights into traits, behaviors, and mental health, they are not a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment.\n\nEarly and accurate detection of depression is crucial for starting treatment promptly and improving outcomes. If a person has symptoms or is at risk of depression, they should contact a healthcare professional to receive a diagnosis and begin treatment.\n\nWhile healthcare professionals do not use them for diagnostic purposes, these tools provide insights into individuals potentially at risk or experiencing depressive symptoms. They use these tools to provide a preliminary assessment and determine if further evaluation is necessary.","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools
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Meta Title	Depression screening tools: PHQ, BDI, CES-D, EQ-5D, and more
Meta Description	Healthcare professionals use depression screening tools to enable early detection and assessment. Learn more.
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Boilerpipe Text	Identifying and diagnosing depression is crucial for effective intervention and treatment. Researchers and experts have developed depression screening tools to enable early detection and assessment. These tools offer a structured framework to evaluate symptoms of depression , helping healthcare professionals make informed decisions and promoting better mental health care outcomes. A doctor or healthcare professional may use a depression screening tool during routine appointments or mental health checkups. The results provide a useful starting point for a diagnosis and treatment plan. The article outlines several commonly used depression screening tools, explains who should undergo screening, and offers guidance on when to contact a doctor. Depression screening tests offer preliminary assessments and help healthcare professionals identify people who may require further evaluation rather than providing a diagnosis. They can play a significant role in promoting awareness and understanding of depression, leading to enhanced mental health support. When selecting depression screening tools, healthcare professionals consider various factors, including the: age group target population cultural and linguistic aspects The following are examples of commonly used screening tools. The PHQ is a convenient and concise self-report instrument for quickly assessing depressive symptoms. Healthcare professionals commonly use it for screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring in primary care settings. The PHQ has different versions, including the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2, which assess the severity of depressive symptoms according to criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision ( DSM-5-TR ). The PHQ-9 is a more comprehensive assessment consisting of nine items that measure the frequency and intensity of common depression symptoms. While similar, the PHQ-2 is a condensed version of the PHQ-9. These assessments are the predominant screening tools for adult depression. Experts highly value them due to their clinical usefulness and diagnostic accuracy. The BDI is a self-report assessment tool that evaluates observable behaviors and the severity of depressive symptoms. It contains 21 multiple-choice questions covering various cognitive, emotional, and physical aspects of depression. The BDI is appropriate for people ages 13–80 years . Extensive testing conducted worldwide supports its accuracy and consistency. The CES-D is a widely used tool to assess depressive symptoms. Originally developed for the general population, healthcare professionals now commonly utilize it in primary care settings. It consists of 20 self-report items rated on a four-point scale, and its primary aim is to identify and measure the frequency and intensity of these symptoms over one week. The scale is suitable for a wide range of ages, including children as young as 6 years and older adults. Extensive research has verified its reliability and validity, demonstrating consistent performance among diverse genders and cultural backgrounds. It usually takes about 20 minutes . The EQ-5D is a quality-of-life assessment commonly used in clinical research, healthcare evaluations, and population health studies. It measures a person’s quality of life across five aspects: mobility self-care usual activities pain/discomfort anxiety/depression Each dimension has three severity levels. The EQ-5D provides a concise and reliable assessment of health-related quality of life, making it valuable in evaluating treatment outcomes and resource allocation decisions in healthcare. Healthcare professionals administer the HAM-D, which evaluates the severity of depressive symptoms before, during, and after treatment. It scores 17 items on a five-point or three-point scale. The HAM-D is a reliable and valid assessment tool widely utilized in clinical research and trials. The MADRS is a clinician-administered rating scale that assesses depression severity. It consists of 10 items, rated on a seven-point scale, focusing on various facets of depression, such as mood, sleep, and appetite. It was adapted from the HDRS and is more sensitive to detecting changes over time. It is widely used in clinical practice and research settings and intended for people ages 18 and older . Healthcare professionals generally recommend screening people who may be at risk or have symptoms that indicate depression. This includes postpartum people, adolescents, and young adults. family background of psychiatric disorders history of depression conduct disorder substance use complicated grief history of additional mental health disorders chronic medical condition persistent sleep disruption disability unemployment loneliness lack of social support single relationship status divorce A person should contact a healthcare professional if they have concerns about their mental health or are experiencing symptoms of depression. Fatigue, persistent sadness, and loss of interest or pleasure are common depression symptoms. If they last several weeks, worsen, and significantly affect daily functioning, it is essential to seek help. A healthcare professional can provide a comprehensive evaluation and determine the appropriate course of action. While self-report measures and self-diagnosis can provide valuable insights into traits, behaviors, and mental health, they are not a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. Early and accurate detection of depression is crucial for starting treatment promptly and improving outcomes. If a person has symptoms or is at risk of depression, they should contact a healthcare professional to receive a diagnosis and begin treatment. While healthcare professionals do not use them for diagnostic purposes, these tools provide insights into individuals potentially at risk or experiencing depressive symptoms. They use these tools to provide a preliminary assessment and determine if further evaluation is necessary.
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[Aplenzin](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326372) - [Brain Stimulation Therapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/brain-stimulation-therapy) - [Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation) - [Therapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-therapy) - [Ketamine](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-ketamine-addictive-when-used-for-depression) - ### Types Types #### Related Articles - [Types Overview](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327429) - [Relationship](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/relationship-depression) - [Nostalgic](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nostalgic-depression) - [Agitated](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320370) - [Major vs. Persistent](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/major-depressive-disorder-vs-persistent-depressive-disorder) - [CNS](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314790) - [Pseudodementia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/pseudodementia) - [Vs. Burnout](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/burnout-vs-depression) - [Situational vs. Clinical](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314698) - [Mild](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321385) - [Existential](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/existential-depression) - [Depression at Night](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-at-night) - [Spiritual](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/spiritual-depression) - [Breakthrough](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/breakthrough-depression) - [Work](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/work-depression) - [Catatonic](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322199) - [High-Functioning](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/high-functioning-depression) - [Seasonal Affective Disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/10306) - [Subsyndromal](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/subsyndromal-depression) - [Geriatric](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/geriatric-depression) - [Unipolar](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/unipolar-depression) - [Postpartum](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/237109) - [Treatment-Resistant](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/treatment-resistant-depression) - [Severe](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/severe-depression) # What are depression screening tools? ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jacquelyn-Johnson-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Jacquelyn Johnson, PsyD.]() — Written by [Emily Cronkleton]() on June 20, 2023 - [Screening tests](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools#screening-tests) - [PHQ](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools#phq) - [BDI](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools#bdi) - [CES-D](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools#ces-d) - [EQ-5D](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools#eq-5-d) - [HAM-D](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools#ham-d) - [MADRS](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools#madrs) - [Screening considerations](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools#screening-considerations) - [Contacting a doctor](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools#contacting-a-doctor) - [Summary](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-screening-tools#summary) Identifying and diagnosing depression is crucial for effective intervention and treatment. Researchers and experts have developed depression screening tools to enable early detection and assessment. These tools offer a structured framework to evaluate symptoms of [depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933), helping healthcare professionals make informed decisions and promoting better mental health care outcomes. A doctor or healthcare professional may use a depression screening tool during routine appointments or [mental health](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154543) checkups. The results provide a useful starting point for a diagnosis and treatment plan. The article outlines several commonly used depression screening tools, explains who should undergo screening, and offers guidance on when to contact a doctor. ## [Depression screening tests]() ![A healthcare professional holding a tablet.](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/05/doctor-female-patient-daughter-1296-728-header-1024x575.jpg?w=1155&h=1528) [Share on Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2Fdepression-screening-tools&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2023%2F05%2Fdoctor-female-patient-daughter-1296-728-header-1024x575.jpg&description=Depression%20screening%20tools%3A%20PHQ%2C%20BDI%2C%20CES-D%2C%20EQ-5D%2C%20and%20more "Share on Pinterest") The Good Brigade/Getty Images Depression screening tests offer preliminary assessments and help healthcare professionals identify people who may require further evaluation rather than providing a diagnosis. They can play a [significant role](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7673056/) in promoting awareness and understanding of depression, leading to enhanced mental health support. When selecting depression screening tools, healthcare professionals consider various factors, including the: - age group - target population - cultural and linguistic aspects The following are examples of commonly used screening tools. ## [Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)]() The [PHQ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7673056/) is a convenient and concise self-report instrument for quickly assessing depressive symptoms. Healthcare professionals commonly use it for screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring in primary care settings. The PHQ has different versions, including the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2, which assess the severity of depressive symptoms according to criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR). The PHQ-9 is a more comprehensive assessment consisting of nine items that measure the frequency and intensity of common depression symptoms. While similar, the PHQ-2 is a condensed version of the PHQ-9. These assessments are the predominant screening tools for adult depression. Experts highly value them due to their clinical usefulness and diagnostic accuracy. ## [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)]() The BDI is a self-report assessment tool that evaluates observable behaviors and the severity of depressive symptoms. It contains 21 multiple-choice questions covering various cognitive, emotional, and physical aspects of depression. The BDI is appropriate for people ages [13–80 years](https://www.apa.org/depression-guideline/assessment). Extensive testing conducted worldwide supports its accuracy and consistency. ## [Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)]() The CES-D is a widely used tool to assess depressive symptoms. Originally developed for the general population, healthcare professionals now commonly utilize it in primary care settings. It consists of 20 self-report items rated on a four-point scale, and its primary aim is to identify and measure the frequency and intensity of these symptoms over one week. The scale is suitable for a wide range of ages, including children as young as 6 years and older adults. Extensive research has verified its reliability and validity, demonstrating consistent performance among diverse genders and cultural backgrounds. It usually takes [about 20 minutes](https://www.apa.org/depression-guideline/assessment). ## [EQ-5D]() The EQ-5D is a quality-of-life assessment commonly used in clinical research, healthcare evaluations, and population health studies. It measures a person’s quality of life across five aspects: - mobility - self-care - usual activities - pain/discomfort - anxiety/depression Each dimension has three severity levels. The EQ-5D provides a [concise](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40258-017-0310-5) and reliable assessment of health-related quality of life, making it valuable in evaluating treatment outcomes and resource allocation decisions in healthcare. ## [Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D)]() Healthcare professionals administer the HAM-D, which [evaluates](https://www.apa.org/depression-guideline/assessment) the severity of depressive symptoms before, during, and after treatment. It scores 17 items on a five-point or three-point scale. The HAM-D is a reliable and valid assessment tool widely utilized in clinical research and trials. ## [Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)]() The MADRS is a clinician-administered rating scale that assesses depression severity. It consists of 10 items, rated on a seven-point scale, focusing on various facets of depression, such as mood, sleep, and appetite. It was adapted from the HDRS and is more sensitive to detecting changes over time. It is widely used in clinical practice and research settings and intended for people [ages 18 and older](https://www.apa.org/depression-guideline/assessment). ## [Who should undergo screening?]() Healthcare professionals generally [recommend screening](https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0815/od1.html) people who may be at risk or have symptoms that indicate depression. This includes [postpartum](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/postpartum-recovery/) people, adolescents, and young adults. [Risk factors](https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/1015/p508.html) for depression include: - family background of psychiatric disorders - history of depression - [conduct disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320386) - substance use - [complicated grief](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/complicated-grief) - history of additional mental health disorders - chronic medical condition - persistent sleep disruption - disability - unemployment - loneliness - lack of social support - single relationship status - divorce ## [When to contact a doctor]() A person should contact a healthcare professional if they have concerns about their mental health or are experiencing symptoms of depression. Fatigue, persistent sadness, and loss of interest or pleasure are common depression symptoms. If they last several weeks, worsen, and significantly affect daily functioning, it is essential to seek help. A healthcare professional can provide a comprehensive evaluation and determine the appropriate course of action. While self-report measures and self-diagnosis can provide valuable insights into traits, behaviors, and mental health, they are not a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. ## [Summary]() Early and accurate detection of depression is crucial for starting treatment promptly and improving outcomes. If a person has symptoms or is at risk of depression, they should contact a healthcare professional to receive a diagnosis and begin treatment. While healthcare professionals do not use them for diagnostic purposes, these tools provide insights into individuals potentially at risk or experiencing depressive symptoms. They use these tools to provide a preliminary assessment and determine if further evaluation is necessary. - [Depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/depression) - [Mental Health](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/mental-health) - [Psychology / Psychiatry](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/psychology-psychiatry) ### How we reviewed this article: Sources Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/process). - Depression assessment instruments. (2023). <https://www.apa.org/depression-guideline/assessment> - Devlin JA, et al. (2017) EQ-5D and the EuroQol group: Past, present and future. <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40258-017-0310-5> - Maurer DM, et al. (2018). Depression: Screening and diagnosis. <https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/1015/p508.html> - Screening for depression in adults: Recommendation statement. (2016). <https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0815/od1.html> - Siniscalchi KA, et al. (2020). Depression screening and measurement-based care in primary care. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7673056/> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jacquelyn-Johnson-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Jacquelyn Johnson, PsyD.]() — Written by [Emily Cronkleton]() on June 20, 2023 ## Latest news - [Could probiotics, dietary changes help protect brain health as we age?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/could-probiotics-dietary-changes-help-protect-brain-health-as-we-age) - [9 steps to improve heart health, per new dietary guidance from AHA](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9-steps-improve-heart-health-diet-guidance-aha) - [AI model can accurately predict liver cancer risk, study suggests](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ai-model-accurately-predict-liver-cancer-risk) - [AI-powered stroke tool linked to improved patient outcomes in large clinical trial](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ai-powered-stroke-tool-linked-improved-patient-outcomes-large-clinical-trial) - [Eating same meals on repeat, and more at weekends may help you lose more weight](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/eating-same-meals-repeat-more-weekends-may-help-lose-more-weight) ### Related Coverage - [What to know about testing for depression and anger](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-and-anger-test?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Matthew Boland, PhD](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers) [There are no specific diagnostic tools for either condition, but doctors can help determine the possible symptoms, their causes, and ways to manage…](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-and-anger-test?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/depression-and-anger-test?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Tips to manage seasonal depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/tips-to-manage-seasonal-depression?utm_source=ReadNext) [Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) causes seasonal episodes of depression. Learn how to treat and manage this condition with home strategies here.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/tips-to-manage-seasonal-depression?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/tips-to-manage-seasonal-depression?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Is sleep the missing piece in mental health?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-sleep-the-missing-piece-in-mental-health?utm_source=ReadNext) [This podcast episode explores the two-way relationship between sleep and mental health, the science of sleep cycles, sleep supplements, and the role…](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-sleep-the-missing-piece-in-mental-health?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-sleep-the-missing-piece-in-mental-health?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Frequent AI use linked to higher depression rates, study warns](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/frequent-ai-use-linked-to-higher-depression-rates-study-warns?utm_source=ReadNext) [Personal usage of generative AI may increase the risk of depression, anxiety, and irritability, a new study finds.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/frequent-ai-use-linked-to-higher-depression-rates-study-warns?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/frequent-ai-use-linked-to-higher-depression-rates-study-warns?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Lexapro and Reddit: Fatigue, weight gain, and other questions answered](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/lexapro-reddit?utm_source=ReadNext) [Learn about Lexapro and popular Reddit questions about fatigue, weight gain, and more.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/lexapro-reddit?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/lexapro-reddit?utm_source=ReadNext) © 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. 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Readable Markdown	Identifying and diagnosing depression is crucial for effective intervention and treatment. Researchers and experts have developed depression screening tools to enable early detection and assessment. These tools offer a structured framework to evaluate symptoms of [depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933), helping healthcare professionals make informed decisions and promoting better mental health care outcomes. A doctor or healthcare professional may use a depression screening tool during routine appointments or [mental health](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154543) checkups. The results provide a useful starting point for a diagnosis and treatment plan. The article outlines several commonly used depression screening tools, explains who should undergo screening, and offers guidance on when to contact a doctor. Depression screening tests offer preliminary assessments and help healthcare professionals identify people who may require further evaluation rather than providing a diagnosis. They can play a [significant role](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7673056/) in promoting awareness and understanding of depression, leading to enhanced mental health support. When selecting depression screening tools, healthcare professionals consider various factors, including the: - age group - target population - cultural and linguistic aspects The following are examples of commonly used screening tools. The [PHQ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7673056/) is a convenient and concise self-report instrument for quickly assessing depressive symptoms. Healthcare professionals commonly use it for screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring in primary care settings. The PHQ has different versions, including the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2, which assess the severity of depressive symptoms according to criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR). The PHQ-9 is a more comprehensive assessment consisting of nine items that measure the frequency and intensity of common depression symptoms. While similar, the PHQ-2 is a condensed version of the PHQ-9. These assessments are the predominant screening tools for adult depression. Experts highly value them due to their clinical usefulness and diagnostic accuracy. The BDI is a self-report assessment tool that evaluates observable behaviors and the severity of depressive symptoms. It contains 21 multiple-choice questions covering various cognitive, emotional, and physical aspects of depression. The BDI is appropriate for people ages [13–80 years](https://www.apa.org/depression-guideline/assessment). Extensive testing conducted worldwide supports its accuracy and consistency. The CES-D is a widely used tool to assess depressive symptoms. Originally developed for the general population, healthcare professionals now commonly utilize it in primary care settings. It consists of 20 self-report items rated on a four-point scale, and its primary aim is to identify and measure the frequency and intensity of these symptoms over one week. The scale is suitable for a wide range of ages, including children as young as 6 years and older adults. Extensive research has verified its reliability and validity, demonstrating consistent performance among diverse genders and cultural backgrounds. It usually takes [about 20 minutes](https://www.apa.org/depression-guideline/assessment). The EQ-5D is a quality-of-life assessment commonly used in clinical research, healthcare evaluations, and population health studies. It measures a person’s quality of life across five aspects: - mobility - self-care - usual activities - pain/discomfort - anxiety/depression Each dimension has three severity levels. The EQ-5D provides a [concise](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40258-017-0310-5) and reliable assessment of health-related quality of life, making it valuable in evaluating treatment outcomes and resource allocation decisions in healthcare. Healthcare professionals administer the HAM-D, which [evaluates](https://www.apa.org/depression-guideline/assessment) the severity of depressive symptoms before, during, and after treatment. It scores 17 items on a five-point or three-point scale. The HAM-D is a reliable and valid assessment tool widely utilized in clinical research and trials. The MADRS is a clinician-administered rating scale that assesses depression severity. It consists of 10 items, rated on a seven-point scale, focusing on various facets of depression, such as mood, sleep, and appetite. It was adapted from the HDRS and is more sensitive to detecting changes over time. It is widely used in clinical practice and research settings and intended for people [ages 18 and older](https://www.apa.org/depression-guideline/assessment). Healthcare professionals generally [recommend screening](https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0815/od1.html) people who may be at risk or have symptoms that indicate depression. This includes [postpartum](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/postpartum-recovery/) people, adolescents, and young adults. - family background of psychiatric disorders - history of depression - [conduct disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320386) - substance use - [complicated grief](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/complicated-grief) - history of additional mental health disorders - chronic medical condition - persistent sleep disruption - disability - unemployment - loneliness - lack of social support - single relationship status - divorce A person should contact a healthcare professional if they have concerns about their mental health or are experiencing symptoms of depression. Fatigue, persistent sadness, and loss of interest or pleasure are common depression symptoms. If they last several weeks, worsen, and significantly affect daily functioning, it is essential to seek help. A healthcare professional can provide a comprehensive evaluation and determine the appropriate course of action. While self-report measures and self-diagnosis can provide valuable insights into traits, behaviors, and mental health, they are not a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. Early and accurate detection of depression is crucial for starting treatment promptly and improving outcomes. If a person has symptoms or is at risk of depression, they should contact a healthcare professional to receive a diagnosis and begin treatment. While healthcare professionals do not use them for diagnostic purposes, these tools provide insights into individuals potentially at risk or experiencing depressive symptoms. They use these tools to provide a preliminary assessment and determine if further evaluation is necessary.
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