🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 110 (from laksa133)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa110.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9155","crawl_time":1770186233,"first_indexed_time":1526144404,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,medicalnewstoday!www,\/articles\/9155 s443","src_root_hash":"5853625527623639710","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Insomnia: Causes, symptoms, and treatments","meta_descriptions":["A person with insomnia has difficulty falling or staying asleep, and the issue can significantly impact daily life. Learn why it happens and how to treat it."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Generally, adults need at least 7 to 9 hours of sleep in every 24-hour period, depending on their age. Getting sufficient sleep is vital for maintaining good mental and physical health. However, insomnia is a common sleep problem that can disrupt how much sleep a person gets.\nWhen insomnia lasts for up to a few weeks, a health expert may refer to it as acute insomnia. When it lasts for 3 months or longer, it is known as chronic insomnia. Short-term insomnia can lead to daytime fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and other problems. In the long term, it may increase the risk of various diseases.\nInsomnia\nis the most common sleep complaint. A person with insomnia has difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. They may consistently wake up too early. Sleep deprivation\ncan lead\nto issues such as:\ndaytime sleepiness and lethargy\na general feeling of being mentally and physically unwell\nmood changes, irritability, and\nanxiety\nAlso, the issues above can contribute to insomnia — they may be causes, effects, or both.\nobesity\nanxiety\naccidents and injury\ndiabetes\nhigh blood pressure\nstroke\ncardiovascular disease\ndepression\nIt can also undermine school and work performance and limit a person’s ability to do daily activities.\nInsomnia can result from a\nrange\nof physical and psychological factors. Often, the cause is a temporary problem, such as short-term stress. In some other instances, insomnia stems from an underlying medical condition.\nCommon causes include:\nhaving\njet lag\n, switching shifts at work, or dealing with any other changes to the body’s internal clock\nthe room being too hot, cold, or noisy, or the bed being uncomfortable\ncaring for someone in the house, if it disrupts sleep\ngetting too little physical exercise\nhaving night terrors or bad dreams\nusing recreational drugs, such as cocaine or ecstasy\nIn some people, stress or a mental health issue is responsible for insomnia. A person may be experiencing:\ndepression\nanxiety\nbipolar disorder\nschizophrenia\nSome other health conditions that can limit sleep include:\nrestless legs syndrome\nan\noveractive thyroid\nsleep apnea\ngastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD)\nchronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)\nchronic\npain\nAlzheimer’s disease\nIn rare cases, some people may inherit a condition known as\nfatal familial insomnia\n. This genetic condition\ncan cause\nsleep problems and brain damage that eventually lead to death.\nolder age\nfamily history of insomnia\ncertain occupations, such as shift or night work, or jobs that require travelling to different time zones\nstress\nbeing female\nexperiencing frequent sleep interruptions, such as waking up often to care for a baby\ntaking long naps during the day\ngetting too little exercise during the day\nusing caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, or recreational drug\nusing media technology, such as screen devices, in the bedroom before bed\nAdditionally, certain drugs can make it hard to fall or stay asleep. These\ncan include\n:\nantidepressants\nbeta-blockers\ndecongestants\ndiuretics\nnicotine replacement medications\nsteroids\nApart from disrupted sleep, insomnia can lead other issues,\nsuch as\n:\ndaytime\nfatigue\nor sleepiness\nirritability, depression, or anxiety\nlow motivation or energy\npoor concentration and focus\na lack of coordination and rash actions, which can lead to errors or accidents Y\nconcerns or frustrations about sleeping\npoor performance at school or work\ndifficulty socializing, working, or studying\nInsomnia\ncan be\nclassified by duration:\nAcute, or transient insomnia, is a short-term problem that can last for a few days or weeks.\nChronic, or long-term insomnia, occurs 3 or more nights a week and lasts more than 3 months.\nSome health experts may also use the term other insomnia disorder in rare cases when a person has symptoms of insomnia that fail to meet criteria for acute or chronic insomnia.\nDoctors may also classify it by cause. For example, primary insomnia is an issue by itself and secondary insomnia is a result of another health issue. In addition, they may classify it by severity and use tools such as the\ninsomnia severity index\n.\nPreviously, some guidelines may have further categorized insomnia into subtypes. These\nincluded\n:\npsychophysiological insomnia\nidiopathic insomnia\nparadoxical insomnia\ninadequate sleep hygiene\nbehavioral insomnia of childhood\ninsomnia due to a mental health condition\ninsomnia due to medical condition\ninsomnia due to a drug or substance\nThe best approach can depend on the underlying cause and the type of insomnia, but some options\ninclude\n:\ncognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)\nprescription medications\nover-the-counter sleep aids\nmelatonin\nHowever, there is\nnot enough\nstrong evidence to prove that melatonin helps with sleep.\nA number of\nremedies and tips\ncan help manage insomnia. They involve changes to:\nSleeping habits\nWhen possible, it can help to:\nGo to bed and wake up at the same times, establishing a routine.\nAvoid using any device with a screen right before bed.\nStart winding down an hour before bedtime, for example, by taking a bath.\nKeep telephones and other devices outside of the bedroom.\nEnsure that the room is a comfortable temperature before bedtime.\nUse blackout blinds or curtains to darken the room.\nDietary habits\nAvoid going to bed hungry. Have a healthy snack before bed, if necessary.\nHowever, avoid eating a heavy meal within 2–3 hours of going to bed.\nLimit caffeine and alcohol intake, especially at night.\nHave a healthful, varied diet to boost overall well-being.\nWell-being and relaxation\nExercise regularly, but not within 4 hours of bedtime.\nDo breathing and\nrelaxation exercises\n, especially before sleeping.\nFind something that helps you sleep, such as soothing music or reading.\nTry not to nap during the day, even if you feel sleepy.\nReceive medical attention for any mental health issues, such as anxiety.\nA sleep specialist\ncan help diagnose\nand treat sleep problems. They may:\nask the person about their medical history, sleep patterns, and use of drugs and alcohol\ndo a physical examination\ntest for underlying conditions\nrequest an overnight sleep test to record sleep patterns\nsuggest wearing a device that tracks movement and sleep-wake patterns\nAccording to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), a doctor may diagnose insomnia if the\nfollowing criteria\nare met:\ndissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity\nsignificant distress with personal functioning in daily life due to sleep difficulty\nthe sleep difficulty occurs at least 3 times a week\nthe sleep difficulty is present for at least 3 months\nthe sleep difficulty occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep\na complaint of one or more of the following sleep difficulties:\ndifficulty initiating sleep\ndifficulty maintaining sleep\nearly morning awakening\nnonrestorative sleep\nSome FAQs about insomnia may include:\nHow do you fix insomnia?\nThere are several strategies and treatments available for insomnia. This can include a combination of improving\nsleeping hygiene\n, CBT, and medications.\nWill insomnia ever go away?\nThe length of time a person experiences difficulty with sleep will depend on the underlying cause and the severity of insomnia.\nLifestyle modifications may help alleviate acute insomnia, which should relieve within a few weeks. However, if a person experiences disruptive sleep for 3 months of longer, it may be necessary to seek medical attention.\nWhat is the main cause of insomnia?\nMany different factors can trigger insomnia. These can vary between people and it may not always be possible to identify a clear cause. However, some common causes of insomnia include stress, anxiety, and depression.\nWhat is life like for someone with insomnia?\nAlong with difficulty sleeping, insomnia may cause a person to feel irritable, sad, unrested, and experience headaches. It may also impact concentration and increase the risk of an accident. Chronic insomnia can also affect how well the brain, heart, and other parts of the body work.\nInsomnia is a common problem. It can result from a range of issues, which may involve physical or mental health. In some cases, they are environmental or relate to lifestyle factors, such as shift work and caffeine or alcohol use.\nA lack of sleep can lead to a variety of problems, ranging from mild tiredness to chronic illness.\nAnyone who experiences ongoing trouble sleeping and feels that it is affecting their daily life should consult a doctor, who can help identify the cause and recommend a solution.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  ### Health Conditions\n  - [Alzheimer's & Dementia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/alzheimers-and-dementia)\n  - [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/anxiety)\n  - [Asthma & Allergies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/asthma-and-allergies)\n  - [Atopic Dermatitis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/program\/investigating-atopic-dermatitis)\n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cancer)\n  - [Cardiovascular Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cardiovascular-health)\n  - 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[Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/complementary-therapies-for-as-quiz#1)\n- Connect\n  ### About Medical News Today\n  - [Who We Are](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about)\n  - [Our Editorial Process](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/process)\n  - [Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n  - [Conscious Language](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/conscious-language)\n  \n  ### Find Community\n  - [Bezzy Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.bezzybc.com\/lp\/2\/?verzenio&utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  - [Bezzy MS](https:\/\/www.bezzyms.com\/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  - [Bezzy Migraine](https:\/\/www.bezzymigraine.com\/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  - [Bezzy Psoriasis](https:\/\/www.bezzypsoriasis.com\/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  ### Follow Us\n\nSubscribe\n\nExplore more in\n\n- Types\n- Treatment\n- Related Conditions\n- Management\n- Home Remedies\n- Stages\n- Prognosis\n- Complications\n- Causes & Risk Factors\n\nInsomnia\n\n#### Related Topics\n- ### Types\n  Types\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Types Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/types-of-insomnia)\n  - [Sudden Insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sudden-insomnia)\n  - [Rebound Insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/rebound-insomnia)\n  - [Idiopathic Insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/idiopathic-insomnia)\n- ### Treatment\n  Treatment\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Treatment Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-aids-for-chronic-insomnia)\n  - [Treating Anxiety and Insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-medication-for-anxiety-and-insomnia)\n  - [Doxepin](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/doxepin-for-insomnia)\n  - [Lunesta (eszopiclone)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-lunesta)\n  - [Belsomra (suvorexant)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-belsomra)\n  - [Ambien and Ambien CR (zolpidem)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-ambien)\n  - [Quviviq (daridorexant)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-quviviq)\n  - [Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/dora-insomnia-medication)\n  - [CBT-I vs. Medication](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/insomnia-therapy)\n  - [Medications](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-is-the-best-prescription-medication-for-sleep)\n  - [Dayvigo (lemborexant)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-dayvigo)\n  - [Sleep Restriction Therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-restriction-therapy)\n- ### Related Conditions\n  Related Conditions\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Related Conditions Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325294)\n  - [Sleep Apnea](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-apnea-insomnia)\n  - [Hyperparathyroidism](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/hyperparathyroidism-insomnia)\n  - [Paradoxical Insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/paradoxical-insomnia)\n  - [Mental Illness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness)\n  - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-beat-covid-insomnia)\n  - [Painsomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/painsomnia)\n- ### Management\n  Management\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Management Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322928)\n  - [How to Stay Asleep](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-maintenance-insomnia)\n  - [Light Therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/insomnia-light-therapy)\n  - [Exercise](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/exercise-insomnia)\n  - [Best Mattresses for Insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-mattresses-for-sleeping-disorders)\n  - [Hypnosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/hypnosis-for-insomnia)\n- ### Home Remedies\n  Home Remedies\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Home Remedies Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/home-remedies-for-insomnia)\n  - [Best CBD for Insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cbd-for-insomnia)\n- ### Stages\n  Stages\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Insomnia in the Elderly](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/insomnia-in-the-elderly)\n  - [Insomnia in Early Pregnancy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323475)\n  - [Postpartum Insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/postpartum-insomnia)\n- ### Prognosis\n  Prognosis\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [How Long Does Insomnia Last?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-long-does-insomnia-last)\n  - [Disability Status](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-insomnia-a-disability)\n- ### Complications\n  Complications\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Effects of 24 Hours of No Sleep](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/324799)\n  - [Stroke](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/chronic-insomnia-may-increase-stroke-risk)\n- ### Causes & Risk Factors\n  Causes & Risk Factors\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Lexapro](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-time-to-take-lexapro-to-avoid-insomnia)\n  - [Benzodiazepine Withdrawal](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/benzo-withdrawal)\n  - [Zoloft](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/zoloft-insomnia)\n  - [Menstruation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/period-insomnia)\n  - [Diphenhydramine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-diphenhydramine-cause-insomnia)\n  - [Quitting Smoking](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/quit-smoking-insomnia)\n  - [Female Hormones](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/women-hormones-and-insomnia)\n\n# What is insomnia? Everything you need to know\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nick-Villalobos-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Nick Villalobos, MD]() — Written by [Peter Morales-Brown]() —  [Updated on July 9, 2024]()\n\n- [Definition](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9155#definition)\n- [Causes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9155#causes)\n- [Risk factors](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9155#risk-factors)\n- [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9155#symptoms)\n- [Types](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9155#types)\n- [Treatment](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9155#treatment)\n- [Strategies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9155#strategies)\n- [Diagnosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9155#diagnosis)\n- [FAQs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9155#fa-qs)\n- [Takeaway](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9155#Takeaway)\n\n### Key takeaways\n- Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early. It can be acute or chronic and primary or secondary.\n- Various factors can contribute to insomnia, including physical conditions, mental health issues such as depression and anxiety, lifestyle choices, and certain medications.\n- Treatments for insomnia range from lifestyle changes, such as establishing a regular sleep schedule and reducing caffeine intake, to medical interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and prescription medications.\n\nGenerally, adults need at least 7 to 9 hours of sleep in every 24-hour period, depending on their age. Getting sufficient sleep is vital for maintaining good mental and physical health. However, insomnia is a common sleep problem that can disrupt how much sleep a person gets.\n\nWhen insomnia lasts for up to a few weeks, a health expert may refer to it as acute insomnia. When it lasts for 3 months or longer, it is known as chronic insomnia. Short-term insomnia can lead to daytime fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and other problems. In the long term, it may increase the risk of various diseases.\n\n## [What does it mean to be ‘an insomniac’?]()\n![a nighttime back drop with a lit window where someone is awake because they experience insomnia](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/07\/GettyImages-BC3113-002_header-1024x575.jpg?w=1155&h=1528)\n\n[Share on Pinterest](https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F9155&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2020%2F07%2FGettyImages-BC3113-002_header-1024x575.jpg&description=Insomnia%3A%20Causes%2C%20symptoms%2C%20and%20treatments \"Share on Pinterest\")\n\nGandee Vasan\/Getty Images\n\n[Insomnia](https:\/\/sleepeducation.org\/sleep-disorders\/insomnia\/) is the most common sleep complaint. A person with insomnia has difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. They may consistently wake up too early. Sleep deprivation [can lead](https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/sleep-deprivation) to issues such as:\n\n- daytime sleepiness and lethargy\n- a general feeling of being mentally and physically unwell\n- mood changes, irritability, and [anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/info\/anxiety\/ \"What is Anxiety?\")\n\nAlso, the issues above can contribute to insomnia — they may be causes, effects, or both.\n\nIn addition, insomnia [may play a role](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cdi\/indicator-definitions\/sleep.html) in the development of:\n\n- [obesity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323551)\n- anxiety\n- accidents and injury\n- [diabetes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323627)\n- [high blood pressure](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/150109)\n- [stroke](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/7624)\n- [cardiovascular disease](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/257484)\n- [depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/8933)\n\nIt can also undermine school and work performance and limit a person’s ability to do daily activities.\n\n## [Causes of insomnia]()\nInsomnia can result from a [range](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/insomnia\/) of physical and psychological factors. Often, the cause is a temporary problem, such as short-term stress. In some other instances, insomnia stems from an underlying medical condition.\n\nCommon causes include:\n\n- having [jet lag](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/165339.php \"Jet lag: What it is and how to beat it\"), switching shifts at work, or dealing with any other changes to the body’s internal clock\n- the room being too hot, cold, or noisy, or the bed being uncomfortable\n- caring for someone in the house, if it disrupts sleep\n- getting too little physical exercise\n- having night terrors or bad dreams\n- using recreational drugs, such as cocaine or ecstasy\n\nIn some people, stress or a mental health issue is responsible for insomnia. A person may be experiencing:\n\n- depression\n- anxiety\n- [bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/37010.php)\n- schizophrenia\n\nSome other health conditions that can limit sleep include:\n\n- [restless legs syndrome](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/7882)\n- an [overactive thyroid](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9153)\n- [sleep apnea](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/178633)\n- [gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/14085)\n- [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/141287)\n- chronic [pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/145750)\n- [Alzheimer’s disease](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/alzheimers-and-sleep)\n\nIn rare cases, some people may inherit a condition known as [fatal familial insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/fatal-familial-insomnia). This genetic condition [can cause](https:\/\/rarediseases.org\/rare-diseases\/fatal-familial-insomnia\/) sleep problems and brain damage that eventually lead to death.\n\n## [Risk factors]()\nMany [different factors](https:\/\/sleep.hms.harvard.edu\/education-training\/public-education\/sleep-and-health-education-program\/sleep-health-education-56) can increase the risk of insomnia. These [can include](https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/insomnia\/causes):\n\n- older age\n- family history of insomnia\n- certain occupations, such as shift or night work, or jobs that require travelling to different time zones\n- stress\n- being female\n- experiencing frequent sleep interruptions, such as waking up often to care for a baby\n- taking long naps during the day\n- getting too little exercise during the day\n- using caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, or recreational drug\n- using media technology, such as screen devices, in the bedroom before bed\n\nAdditionally, certain drugs can make it hard to fall or stay asleep. These [can include](https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/diseases-and-conditions\/are-your-medications-keeping-you-up-at-night):\n\n- [antidepressants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248320)\n- [beta-blockers](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/173068.php \"What you need to know about beta-blockers\")\n- decongestants\n- diuretics\n- nicotine replacement medications\n- steroids\n\n### Resources for healthy sleep\nTo discover more evidence-based information and resources on the science of healthy sleep, visit [our dedicated hub](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/sleep).\n\n## [Symptoms of insomnia]()\nApart from disrupted sleep, insomnia can lead other issues, [such as](https:\/\/sleepeducation.org\/sleep-disorders\/insomnia\/):\n\n- daytime [fatigue](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248002.php \"Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?\") or sleepiness\n- irritability, depression, or anxiety\n- low motivation or energy\n- poor concentration and focus\n- a lack of coordination and rash actions, which can lead to errors or accidents Y\n- concerns or frustrations about sleeping\n- poor performance at school or work\n- difficulty socializing, working, or studying\n\n## [Types of insomnia]()\nInsomnia [can be](https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/insomnia) classified by duration:\n\n- Acute, or transient insomnia, is a short-term problem that can last for a few days or weeks.\n- Chronic, or long-term insomnia, occurs 3 or more nights a week and lasts more than 3 months.\n\nSome health experts may also use the term other insomnia disorder in rare cases when a person has symptoms of insomnia that fail to meet criteria for acute or chronic insomnia.\n\nDoctors may also classify it by cause. For example, primary insomnia is an issue by itself and secondary insomnia is a result of another health issue. In addition, they may classify it by severity and use tools such as the [insomnia severity index](https:\/\/www.healthquality.va.gov\/guidelines\/CD\/insomnia\/TrifectaInsomniaSeverityIndexFillable910162020.pdf).\n\nPreviously, some guidelines may have further categorized insomnia into subtypes. These [included](https:\/\/aasm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/ICSD-3-TR-Insomnia-Draft.pdf):\n\n- [psychophysiological insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/psychophysiological-insomnia)\n- idiopathic insomnia\n- paradoxical insomnia\n- inadequate sleep hygiene\n- behavioral insomnia of childhood\n- insomnia due to a mental health condition\n- insomnia due to medical condition\n- insomnia due to a drug or substance\n\n## [Treatments]()\nThe best approach can depend on the underlying cause and the type of insomnia, but some options [include](https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/insomnia\/treatment):\n\n- [cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/296579.php)\n- prescription medications\n- over-the-counter sleep aids\n- melatonin\n\nHowever, there is [not enough](https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know) strong evidence to prove that melatonin helps with sleep.\n\n## [Home care strategies]()\nA number of [remedies and tips](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/insomnia\/) can help manage insomnia. They involve changes to:\n\n### Sleeping habits\nWhen possible, it can help to:\n\n- Go to bed and wake up at the same times, establishing a routine.\n- Avoid using any device with a screen right before bed.\n- Start winding down an hour before bedtime, for example, by taking a bath.\n- Keep telephones and other devices outside of the bedroom.\n- Ensure that the room is a comfortable temperature before bedtime.\n- Use blackout blinds or curtains to darken the room.\n### Dietary habits\n- Avoid going to bed hungry. Have a healthy snack before bed, if necessary.\n- However, avoid eating a heavy meal within 2–3 hours of going to bed.\n- Limit caffeine and alcohol intake, especially at night.\n- Have a healthful, varied diet to boost overall well-being.\n### Well-being and relaxation\n- Exercise regularly, but not within 4 hours of bedtime.\n- Do breathing and [relaxation exercises](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/5-relaxation-techniques-to-try), especially before sleeping.\n- Find something that helps you sleep, such as soothing music or reading.\n- Try not to nap during the day, even if you feel sleepy.\n- Receive medical attention for any mental health issues, such as anxiety.\n\n## [Diagnosing insomnia]()\nA sleep specialist [can help diagnose](https:\/\/sleepeducation.org\/sleep-disorders\/insomnia\/) and treat sleep problems. They may:\n\n- ask the person about their medical history, sleep patterns, and use of drugs and alcohol\n- do a physical examination\n- test for underlying conditions\n- request an overnight sleep test to record sleep patterns\n- suggest wearing a device that tracks movement and sleep-wake patterns\n\nAccording to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), a doctor may diagnose insomnia if the [following criteria](https:\/\/jcsm.aasm.org\/doi\/10.5664\/jcsm.6942) are met:\n\n- dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity\n- significant distress with personal functioning in daily life due to sleep difficulty\n- the sleep difficulty occurs at least 3 times a week\n- the sleep difficulty is present for at least 3 months\n- the sleep difficulty occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep\n- a complaint of one or more of the following sleep difficulties:\n  - difficulty initiating sleep\n  - difficulty maintaining sleep\n  - early morning awakening\n  - nonrestorative sleep\n\n## [Frequently asked questions]()\nSome FAQs about insomnia may include:\n\n### How do you fix insomnia?\nThere are several strategies and treatments available for insomnia. This can include a combination of improving [sleeping hygiene](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-hygiene), CBT, and medications.\n\n### Will insomnia ever go away?\nThe length of time a person experiences difficulty with sleep will depend on the underlying cause and the severity of insomnia.\n\nLifestyle modifications may help alleviate acute insomnia, which should relieve within a few weeks. However, if a person experiences disruptive sleep for 3 months of longer, it may be necessary to seek medical attention.\n\nRead on to learn more about [insomnia duration](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-long-does-insomnia-last).\n\n### What is the main cause of insomnia?\nMany different factors can trigger insomnia. These can vary between people and it may not always be possible to identify a clear cause. However, some common causes of insomnia include stress, anxiety, and depression.\n\n### What is life like for someone with insomnia?\nAlong with difficulty sleeping, insomnia may cause a person to feel irritable, sad, unrested, and experience headaches. It may also impact concentration and increase the risk of an accident. Chronic insomnia can also affect how well the brain, heart, and other parts of the body work.\n\n## [Takeaway]()\nInsomnia is a common problem. It can result from a range of issues, which may involve physical or mental health. In some cases, they are environmental or relate to lifestyle factors, such as shift work and caffeine or alcohol use.\n\nA lack of sleep can lead to a variety of problems, ranging from mild tiredness to chronic illness.\n\nAnyone who experiences ongoing trouble sleeping and feels that it is affecting their daily life should consult a doctor, who can help identify the cause and recommend a solution.\n\n- [Sleep \/ Sleep Disorders \/ Insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/sleep)\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nMedical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/process).\n\n- Fatal familial insomnia. (2023).  \n  <https:\/\/rarediseases.org\/rare-diseases\/fatal-familial-insomnia\/>\n- Godman H. (2022). Are your medications keeping you up at night?  \n  <https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/diseases-and-conditions\/are-your-medications-keeping-you-up-at-night>\n- Insomnia. (2024).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/insomnia\/>\n- Insomnia. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/aasm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/ICSD-3-TR-Insomnia-Draft.pdf>\n- Insomnia. (2020).  \n  <https:\/\/sleepeducation.org\/sleep-disorders\/insomnia\/>\n- Insomnia. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/insomnia>\n- Insomnia. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/insomnia>\n- Insomnia severity index. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.healthquality.va.gov\/guidelines\/CD\/insomnia\/TrifectaInsomniaSeverityIndexFillable910162020.pdf>\n- Melatonin: What you need to know. (2019).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know>\n- Risk factors for insomnia. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/sleep.hms.harvard.edu\/education-training\/public-education\/sleep-and-health-education-program\/sleep-health-education-56>\n- Seow LSE, et al. (2018). Evaluating DSM-5 insomnia disorder and the treatment of sleep problems in a psychiatric population.  \n  <https:\/\/jcsm.aasm.org\/doi\/10.5664\/jcsm.6942>\n- Sleep. (2024).  \n  <https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cdi\/indicator-definitions\/sleep.html>\n- Sleep deprivation. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/sleep-deprivation>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nick-Villalobos-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Nick Villalobos, MD]() — Written by [Peter Morales-Brown]() —  [Updated on July 9, 2024]()\n\n## Latest news\n- [4 in 10 global cancer cases are preventable, landmark study finds](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/4-in-10-global-cancer-cases-preventable-who-study-infections-smoking-alcohol)\n- [Men may develop cardiovascular disease earlier in life than women](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/men-cardiovascular-disease-younger-age-women-heart-health-aging)\n- [HIIT may help older adults lose fat while preserving muscle](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/hiit-may-help-older-adults-lose-fat-while-preserving-muscle)\n- [What's the best approach for weight loss after menopause? Study sheds light](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/whats-the-best-approach-for-weight-loss-after-menopause-study-sheds-light)\n- [Is this sweetener really the 'holy grail' of sugar substitutes?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/new-artificial-sweetener-tagatose-sugar-substitutes-health-benefits)\n\n### Related Coverage\n- [What to know about rebound insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/rebound-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Alexandra Perez, PharmD, MBA, BCGP](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n  \n  [Rebound insomnia can occur when a person stops taking a drug that helps them sleep, such as a benzodiazepine or Z-drug. Learn more here.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/rebound-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/rebound-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Can depression cause insomnia?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-depression-cause-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Insomnia is a potential symptom of depression, but the link between the two conditions is complex. Learn whether depression causes insomnia.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-depression-cause-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-depression-cause-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [9 home remedies for insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/home-remedies-for-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Janet Hilbert, MD](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n  \n  [A person with insomnia can try various techniques to encourage the onset of sleep and improve its quality and duration. Learn more here.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/home-remedies-for-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/home-remedies-for-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Lunesta and pregnancy, breastfeeding, and birth control](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-lunesta-pregnancy?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Learn how Lunesta can affect pregnancy, breastfeeding, and birth control.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-lunesta-pregnancy?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-lunesta-pregnancy?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Lunesta (eszopiclone) and cost](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-lunesta-cost?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Lunesta is a prescription drug used to treat insomnia. Learn how to lower long-term costs and more.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-lunesta-cost?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-lunesta-cost?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. 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MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Generally, adults need at least 7 to 9 hours of sleep in every 24-hour period, depending on their age. Getting sufficient sleep is vital for maintaining good mental and physical health. However, insomnia is a common sleep problem that can disrupt how much sleep a person gets.\n\nWhen insomnia lasts for up to a few weeks, a health expert may refer to it as acute insomnia. When it lasts for 3 months or longer, it is known as chronic insomnia. Short-term insomnia can lead to daytime fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and other problems. In the long term, it may increase the risk of various diseases.\n\n[Insomnia](https:\/\/sleepeducation.org\/sleep-disorders\/insomnia\/) is the most common sleep complaint. A person with insomnia has difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. They may consistently wake up too early. Sleep deprivation [can lead](https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/sleep-deprivation) to issues such as:\n\n- daytime sleepiness and lethargy\n- a general feeling of being mentally and physically unwell\n- mood changes, irritability, and [anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/info\/anxiety\/ \"What is Anxiety?\")\n\nAlso, the issues above can contribute to insomnia — they may be causes, effects, or both.\n\n- [obesity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323551)\n- anxiety\n- accidents and injury\n- [diabetes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323627)\n- [high blood pressure](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/150109)\n- [stroke](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/7624)\n- [cardiovascular disease](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/257484)\n- [depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/8933)\n\nIt can also undermine school and work performance and limit a person’s ability to do daily activities.\n\nInsomnia can result from a [range](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/insomnia\/) of physical and psychological factors. Often, the cause is a temporary problem, such as short-term stress. In some other instances, insomnia stems from an underlying medical condition.\n\nCommon causes include:\n\n- having [jet lag](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/165339.php \"Jet lag: What it is and how to beat it\"), switching shifts at work, or dealing with any other changes to the body’s internal clock\n- the room being too hot, cold, or noisy, or the bed being uncomfortable\n- caring for someone in the house, if it disrupts sleep\n- getting too little physical exercise\n- having night terrors or bad dreams\n- using recreational drugs, such as cocaine or ecstasy\n\nIn some people, stress or a mental health issue is responsible for insomnia. A person may be experiencing:\n\n- depression\n- anxiety\n- [bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/37010.php)\n- schizophrenia\n\nSome other health conditions that can limit sleep include:\n\n- [restless legs syndrome](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/7882)\n- an [overactive thyroid](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9153)\n- [sleep apnea](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/178633)\n- [gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/14085)\n- [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/141287)\n- chronic [pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/145750)\n- [Alzheimer’s disease](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/alzheimers-and-sleep)\n\nIn rare cases, some people may inherit a condition known as [fatal familial insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/fatal-familial-insomnia). This genetic condition [can cause](https:\/\/rarediseases.org\/rare-diseases\/fatal-familial-insomnia\/) sleep problems and brain damage that eventually lead to death.\n\n- older age\n- family history of insomnia\n- certain occupations, such as shift or night work, or jobs that require travelling to different time zones\n- stress\n- being female\n- experiencing frequent sleep interruptions, such as waking up often to care for a baby\n- taking long naps during the day\n- getting too little exercise during the day\n- using caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, or recreational drug\n- using media technology, such as screen devices, in the bedroom before bed\n\nAdditionally, certain drugs can make it hard to fall or stay asleep. These [can include](https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/diseases-and-conditions\/are-your-medications-keeping-you-up-at-night):\n\n- [antidepressants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248320)\n- [beta-blockers](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/173068.php \"What you need to know about beta-blockers\")\n- decongestants\n- diuretics\n- nicotine replacement medications\n- steroids\n\nApart from disrupted sleep, insomnia can lead other issues, [such as](https:\/\/sleepeducation.org\/sleep-disorders\/insomnia\/):\n\n- daytime [fatigue](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248002.php \"Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?\") or sleepiness\n- irritability, depression, or anxiety\n- low motivation or energy\n- poor concentration and focus\n- a lack of coordination and rash actions, which can lead to errors or accidents Y\n- concerns or frustrations about sleeping\n- poor performance at school or work\n- difficulty socializing, working, or studying\n\nInsomnia [can be](https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/insomnia) classified by duration:\n\n- Acute, or transient insomnia, is a short-term problem that can last for a few days or weeks.\n- Chronic, or long-term insomnia, occurs 3 or more nights a week and lasts more than 3 months.\n\nSome health experts may also use the term other insomnia disorder in rare cases when a person has symptoms of insomnia that fail to meet criteria for acute or chronic insomnia.\n\nDoctors may also classify it by cause. For example, primary insomnia is an issue by itself and secondary insomnia is a result of another health issue. In addition, they may classify it by severity and use tools such as the [insomnia severity index](https:\/\/www.healthquality.va.gov\/guidelines\/CD\/insomnia\/TrifectaInsomniaSeverityIndexFillable910162020.pdf).\n\nPreviously, some guidelines may have further categorized insomnia into subtypes. These [included](https:\/\/aasm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/ICSD-3-TR-Insomnia-Draft.pdf):\n\n- [psychophysiological insomnia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/psychophysiological-insomnia)\n- idiopathic insomnia\n- paradoxical insomnia\n- inadequate sleep hygiene\n- behavioral insomnia of childhood\n- insomnia due to a mental health condition\n- insomnia due to medical condition\n- insomnia due to a drug or substance\n\nThe best approach can depend on the underlying cause and the type of insomnia, but some options [include](https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/insomnia\/treatment):\n\n- [cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/296579.php)\n- prescription medications\n- over-the-counter sleep aids\n- melatonin\n\nHowever, there is [not enough](https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know) strong evidence to prove that melatonin helps with sleep.\n\nA number of [remedies and tips](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/insomnia\/) can help manage insomnia. They involve changes to:\n\nSleeping habits\n\nWhen possible, it can help to:\n\n- Go to bed and wake up at the same times, establishing a routine.\n- Avoid using any device with a screen right before bed.\n- Start winding down an hour before bedtime, for example, by taking a bath.\n- Keep telephones and other devices outside of the bedroom.\n- Ensure that the room is a comfortable temperature before bedtime.\n- Use blackout blinds or curtains to darken the room.\n\nDietary habits\n\n- Avoid going to bed hungry. Have a healthy snack before bed, if necessary.\n- However, avoid eating a heavy meal within 2–3 hours of going to bed.\n- Limit caffeine and alcohol intake, especially at night.\n- Have a healthful, varied diet to boost overall well-being.\n\nWell-being and relaxation\n\n- Exercise regularly, but not within 4 hours of bedtime.\n- Do breathing and [relaxation exercises](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/5-relaxation-techniques-to-try), especially before sleeping.\n- Find something that helps you sleep, such as soothing music or reading.\n- Try not to nap during the day, even if you feel sleepy.\n- Receive medical attention for any mental health issues, such as anxiety.\n\nA sleep specialist [can help diagnose](https:\/\/sleepeducation.org\/sleep-disorders\/insomnia\/) and treat sleep problems. They may:\n\n- ask the person about their medical history, sleep patterns, and use of drugs and alcohol\n- do a physical examination\n- test for underlying conditions\n- request an overnight sleep test to record sleep patterns\n- suggest wearing a device that tracks movement and sleep-wake patterns\n\nAccording to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), a doctor may diagnose insomnia if the [following criteria](https:\/\/jcsm.aasm.org\/doi\/10.5664\/jcsm.6942) are met:\n\n- dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity\n- significant distress with personal functioning in daily life due to sleep difficulty\n- the sleep difficulty occurs at least 3 times a week\n- the sleep difficulty is present for at least 3 months\n- the sleep difficulty occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep\n- a complaint of one or more of the following sleep difficulties:\n  - difficulty initiating sleep\n  - difficulty maintaining sleep\n  - early morning awakening\n  - nonrestorative sleep\n\nSome FAQs about insomnia may include:\n\nHow do you fix insomnia?\n\nThere are several strategies and treatments available for insomnia. This can include a combination of improving [sleeping hygiene](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sleep-hygiene), CBT, and medications.\n\nWill insomnia ever go away?\n\nThe length of time a person experiences difficulty with sleep will depend on the underlying cause and the severity of insomnia.\n\nLifestyle modifications may help alleviate acute insomnia, which should relieve within a few weeks. However, if a person experiences disruptive sleep for 3 months of longer, it may be necessary to seek medical attention.\n\nWhat is the main cause of insomnia?\n\nMany different factors can trigger insomnia. These can vary between people and it may not always be possible to identify a clear cause. However, some common causes of insomnia include stress, anxiety, and depression.\n\nWhat is life like for someone with insomnia?\n\nAlong with difficulty sleeping, insomnia may cause a person to feel irritable, sad, unrested, and experience headaches. It may also impact concentration and increase the risk of an accident. Chronic insomnia can also affect how well the brain, heart, and other parts of the body work.\n\nInsomnia is a common problem. It can result from a range of issues, which may involve physical or mental health. In some cases, they are environmental or relate to lifestyle factors, such as shift work and caffeine or alcohol use.\n\nA lack of sleep can lead to a variety of problems, ranging from mild tiredness to chronic illness.\n\nAnyone who experiences ongoing trouble sleeping and feels that it is affecting their daily life should consult a doctor, who can help identify the cause and recommend a solution.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Insomnia: Causes, symptoms, and treatments
Meta Description	A person with insomnia has difficulty falling or staying asleep, and the issue can significantly impact daily life. Learn why it happens and how to treat it.
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Boilerpipe Text	Generally, adults need at least 7 to 9 hours of sleep in every 24-hour period, depending on their age. Getting sufficient sleep is vital for maintaining good mental and physical health. However, insomnia is a common sleep problem that can disrupt how much sleep a person gets. When insomnia lasts for up to a few weeks, a health expert may refer to it as acute insomnia. When it lasts for 3 months or longer, it is known as chronic insomnia. Short-term insomnia can lead to daytime fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and other problems. In the long term, it may increase the risk of various diseases. Insomnia is the most common sleep complaint. A person with insomnia has difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. They may consistently wake up too early. Sleep deprivation can lead to issues such as: daytime sleepiness and lethargy a general feeling of being mentally and physically unwell mood changes, irritability, and anxiety Also, the issues above can contribute to insomnia — they may be causes, effects, or both. obesity anxiety accidents and injury diabetes high blood pressure stroke cardiovascular disease depression It can also undermine school and work performance and limit a person’s ability to do daily activities. Insomnia can result from a range of physical and psychological factors. Often, the cause is a temporary problem, such as short-term stress. In some other instances, insomnia stems from an underlying medical condition. Common causes include: having jet lag , switching shifts at work, or dealing with any other changes to the body’s internal clock the room being too hot, cold, or noisy, or the bed being uncomfortable caring for someone in the house, if it disrupts sleep getting too little physical exercise having night terrors or bad dreams using recreational drugs, such as cocaine or ecstasy In some people, stress or a mental health issue is responsible for insomnia. A person may be experiencing: depression anxiety bipolar disorder schizophrenia Some other health conditions that can limit sleep include: restless legs syndrome an overactive thyroid sleep apnea gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) chronic pain Alzheimer’s disease In rare cases, some people may inherit a condition known as fatal familial insomnia . This genetic condition can cause sleep problems and brain damage that eventually lead to death. older age family history of insomnia certain occupations, such as shift or night work, or jobs that require travelling to different time zones stress being female experiencing frequent sleep interruptions, such as waking up often to care for a baby taking long naps during the day getting too little exercise during the day using caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, or recreational drug using media technology, such as screen devices, in the bedroom before bed Additionally, certain drugs can make it hard to fall or stay asleep. These can include : antidepressants beta-blockers decongestants diuretics nicotine replacement medications steroids Apart from disrupted sleep, insomnia can lead other issues, such as : daytime fatigue or sleepiness irritability, depression, or anxiety low motivation or energy poor concentration and focus a lack of coordination and rash actions, which can lead to errors or accidents Y concerns or frustrations about sleeping poor performance at school or work difficulty socializing, working, or studying Insomnia can be classified by duration: Acute, or transient insomnia, is a short-term problem that can last for a few days or weeks. Chronic, or long-term insomnia, occurs 3 or more nights a week and lasts more than 3 months. Some health experts may also use the term other insomnia disorder in rare cases when a person has symptoms of insomnia that fail to meet criteria for acute or chronic insomnia. Doctors may also classify it by cause. For example, primary insomnia is an issue by itself and secondary insomnia is a result of another health issue. In addition, they may classify it by severity and use tools such as the insomnia severity index . Previously, some guidelines may have further categorized insomnia into subtypes. These included : psychophysiological insomnia idiopathic insomnia paradoxical insomnia inadequate sleep hygiene behavioral insomnia of childhood insomnia due to a mental health condition insomnia due to medical condition insomnia due to a drug or substance The best approach can depend on the underlying cause and the type of insomnia, but some options include : cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) prescription medications over-the-counter sleep aids melatonin However, there is not enough strong evidence to prove that melatonin helps with sleep. A number of remedies and tips can help manage insomnia. They involve changes to: Sleeping habits When possible, it can help to: Go to bed and wake up at the same times, establishing a routine. Avoid using any device with a screen right before bed. Start winding down an hour before bedtime, for example, by taking a bath. Keep telephones and other devices outside of the bedroom. Ensure that the room is a comfortable temperature before bedtime. Use blackout blinds or curtains to darken the room. Dietary habits Avoid going to bed hungry. Have a healthy snack before bed, if necessary. However, avoid eating a heavy meal within 2–3 hours of going to bed. Limit caffeine and alcohol intake, especially at night. Have a healthful, varied diet to boost overall well-being. Well-being and relaxation Exercise regularly, but not within 4 hours of bedtime. Do breathing and relaxation exercises , especially before sleeping. Find something that helps you sleep, such as soothing music or reading. Try not to nap during the day, even if you feel sleepy. Receive medical attention for any mental health issues, such as anxiety. A sleep specialist can help diagnose and treat sleep problems. They may: ask the person about their medical history, sleep patterns, and use of drugs and alcohol do a physical examination test for underlying conditions request an overnight sleep test to record sleep patterns suggest wearing a device that tracks movement and sleep-wake patterns According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), a doctor may diagnose insomnia if the following criteria are met: dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity significant distress with personal functioning in daily life due to sleep difficulty the sleep difficulty occurs at least 3 times a week the sleep difficulty is present for at least 3 months the sleep difficulty occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep a complaint of one or more of the following sleep difficulties: difficulty initiating sleep difficulty maintaining sleep early morning awakening nonrestorative sleep Some FAQs about insomnia may include: How do you fix insomnia? There are several strategies and treatments available for insomnia. This can include a combination of improving sleeping hygiene , CBT, and medications. Will insomnia ever go away? The length of time a person experiences difficulty with sleep will depend on the underlying cause and the severity of insomnia. Lifestyle modifications may help alleviate acute insomnia, which should relieve within a few weeks. However, if a person experiences disruptive sleep for 3 months of longer, it may be necessary to seek medical attention. What is the main cause of insomnia? Many different factors can trigger insomnia. These can vary between people and it may not always be possible to identify a clear cause. However, some common causes of insomnia include stress, anxiety, and depression. What is life like for someone with insomnia? Along with difficulty sleeping, insomnia may cause a person to feel irritable, sad, unrested, and experience headaches. It may also impact concentration and increase the risk of an accident. Chronic insomnia can also affect how well the brain, heart, and other parts of the body work. Insomnia is a common problem. It can result from a range of issues, which may involve physical or mental health. In some cases, they are environmental or relate to lifestyle factors, such as shift work and caffeine or alcohol use. A lack of sleep can lead to a variety of problems, ranging from mild tiredness to chronic illness. Anyone who experiences ongoing trouble sleeping and feels that it is affecting their daily life should consult a doctor, who can help identify the cause and recommend a solution.
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[Hyperparathyroidism](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperparathyroidism-insomnia) - [Paradoxical Insomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/paradoxical-insomnia) - [Mental Illness](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-insomnia-a-mental-illness) - [COVID-19](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-beat-covid-insomnia) - [Painsomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/painsomnia) - ### Management Management #### Related Articles - [Management Overview](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322928) - [How to Stay Asleep](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-maintenance-insomnia) - [Light Therapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/insomnia-light-therapy) - [Exercise](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/exercise-insomnia) - [Best Mattresses for Insomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/best-mattresses-for-sleeping-disorders) - [Hypnosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hypnosis-for-insomnia) - ### Home Remedies Home Remedies #### Related Articles - [Home Remedies Overview](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/home-remedies-for-insomnia) - [Best CBD for Insomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cbd-for-insomnia) - ### Stages Stages #### Related Articles - [Insomnia in the Elderly](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/insomnia-in-the-elderly) - [Insomnia in Early Pregnancy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323475) - [Postpartum Insomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/postpartum-insomnia) - ### Prognosis Prognosis #### Related Articles - [How Long Does Insomnia Last?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-long-does-insomnia-last) - [Disability Status](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-insomnia-a-disability) - ### Complications Complications #### Related Articles - [Effects of 24 Hours of No Sleep](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324799) - [Stroke](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/chronic-insomnia-may-increase-stroke-risk) - ### Causes & Risk Factors Causes & Risk Factors #### Related Articles - [Lexapro](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/best-time-to-take-lexapro-to-avoid-insomnia) - [Benzodiazepine Withdrawal](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/benzo-withdrawal) - [Zoloft](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/zoloft-insomnia) - [Menstruation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/period-insomnia) - [Diphenhydramine](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-diphenhydramine-cause-insomnia) - [Quitting Smoking](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/quit-smoking-insomnia) - [Female Hormones](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/women-hormones-and-insomnia) # What is insomnia? Everything you need to know ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Nick-Villalobos-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Nick Villalobos, MD]() — Written by [Peter Morales-Brown]() — [Updated on July 9, 2024]() - [Definition](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155#definition) - [Causes](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155#causes) - [Risk factors](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155#risk-factors) - [Symptoms](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155#symptoms) - [Types](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155#types) - [Treatment](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155#treatment) - [Strategies](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155#strategies) - [Diagnosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155#diagnosis) - [FAQs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155#fa-qs) - [Takeaway](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155#Takeaway) ### Key takeaways - Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early. It can be acute or chronic and primary or secondary. - Various factors can contribute to insomnia, including physical conditions, mental health issues such as depression and anxiety, lifestyle choices, and certain medications. - Treatments for insomnia range from lifestyle changes, such as establishing a regular sleep schedule and reducing caffeine intake, to medical interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and prescription medications. Generally, adults need at least 7 to 9 hours of sleep in every 24-hour period, depending on their age. Getting sufficient sleep is vital for maintaining good mental and physical health. However, insomnia is a common sleep problem that can disrupt how much sleep a person gets. When insomnia lasts for up to a few weeks, a health expert may refer to it as acute insomnia. When it lasts for 3 months or longer, it is known as chronic insomnia. Short-term insomnia can lead to daytime fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and other problems. In the long term, it may increase the risk of various diseases. ## [What does it mean to be ‘an insomniac’?]() ![a nighttime back drop with a lit window where someone is awake because they experience insomnia](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/07/GettyImages-BC3113-002_header-1024x575.jpg?w=1155&h=1528) [Share on Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F9155&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2020%2F07%2FGettyImages-BC3113-002_header-1024x575.jpg&description=Insomnia%3A%20Causes%2C%20symptoms%2C%20and%20treatments "Share on Pinterest") Gandee Vasan/Getty Images [Insomnia](https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/insomnia/) is the most common sleep complaint. A person with insomnia has difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. They may consistently wake up too early. Sleep deprivation [can lead](https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-deprivation) to issues such as: - daytime sleepiness and lethargy - a general feeling of being mentally and physically unwell - mood changes, irritability, and [anxiety](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/anxiety/ "What is Anxiety?") Also, the issues above can contribute to insomnia — they may be causes, effects, or both. In addition, insomnia [may play a role](https://www.cdc.gov/cdi/indicator-definitions/sleep.html) in the development of: - [obesity](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323551) - anxiety - accidents and injury - [diabetes](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323627) - [high blood pressure](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150109) - [stroke](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7624) - [cardiovascular disease](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/257484) - [depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933) It can also undermine school and work performance and limit a person’s ability to do daily activities. ## [Causes of insomnia]() Insomnia can result from a [range](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/insomnia/) of physical and psychological factors. Often, the cause is a temporary problem, such as short-term stress. In some other instances, insomnia stems from an underlying medical condition. Common causes include: - having [jet lag](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/165339.php "Jet lag: What it is and how to beat it"), switching shifts at work, or dealing with any other changes to the body’s internal clock - the room being too hot, cold, or noisy, or the bed being uncomfortable - caring for someone in the house, if it disrupts sleep - getting too little physical exercise - having night terrors or bad dreams - using recreational drugs, such as cocaine or ecstasy In some people, stress or a mental health issue is responsible for insomnia. A person may be experiencing: - depression - anxiety - [bipolar disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/37010.php) - schizophrenia Some other health conditions that can limit sleep include: - [restless legs syndrome](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7882) - an [overactive thyroid](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9153) - [sleep apnea](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/178633) - [gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/14085) - [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/141287) - chronic [pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/145750) - [Alzheimer’s disease](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/alzheimers-and-sleep) In rare cases, some people may inherit a condition known as [fatal familial insomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/fatal-familial-insomnia). This genetic condition [can cause](https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/fatal-familial-insomnia/) sleep problems and brain damage that eventually lead to death. ## [Risk factors]() Many [different factors](https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-56) can increase the risk of insomnia. These [can include](https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia/causes): - older age - family history of insomnia - certain occupations, such as shift or night work, or jobs that require travelling to different time zones - stress - being female - experiencing frequent sleep interruptions, such as waking up often to care for a baby - taking long naps during the day - getting too little exercise during the day - using caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, or recreational drug - using media technology, such as screen devices, in the bedroom before bed Additionally, certain drugs can make it hard to fall or stay asleep. These [can include](https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/are-your-medications-keeping-you-up-at-night): - [antidepressants](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248320) - [beta-blockers](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173068.php "What you need to know about beta-blockers") - decongestants - diuretics - nicotine replacement medications - steroids ### Resources for healthy sleep To discover more evidence-based information and resources on the science of healthy sleep, visit [our dedicated hub](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/sleep). ## [Symptoms of insomnia]() Apart from disrupted sleep, insomnia can lead other issues, [such as](https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/insomnia/): - daytime [fatigue](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php "Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?") or sleepiness - irritability, depression, or anxiety - low motivation or energy - poor concentration and focus - a lack of coordination and rash actions, which can lead to errors or accidents Y - concerns or frustrations about sleeping - poor performance at school or work - difficulty socializing, working, or studying ## [Types of insomnia]() Insomnia [can be](https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia) classified by duration: - Acute, or transient insomnia, is a short-term problem that can last for a few days or weeks. - Chronic, or long-term insomnia, occurs 3 or more nights a week and lasts more than 3 months. Some health experts may also use the term other insomnia disorder in rare cases when a person has symptoms of insomnia that fail to meet criteria for acute or chronic insomnia. Doctors may also classify it by cause. For example, primary insomnia is an issue by itself and secondary insomnia is a result of another health issue. In addition, they may classify it by severity and use tools such as the [insomnia severity index](https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/CD/insomnia/TrifectaInsomniaSeverityIndexFillable910162020.pdf). Previously, some guidelines may have further categorized insomnia into subtypes. These [included](https://aasm.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ICSD-3-TR-Insomnia-Draft.pdf): - [psychophysiological insomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/psychophysiological-insomnia) - idiopathic insomnia - paradoxical insomnia - inadequate sleep hygiene - behavioral insomnia of childhood - insomnia due to a mental health condition - insomnia due to medical condition - insomnia due to a drug or substance ## [Treatments]() The best approach can depend on the underlying cause and the type of insomnia, but some options [include](https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia/treatment): - [cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/296579.php) - prescription medications - over-the-counter sleep aids - melatonin However, there is [not enough](https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know) strong evidence to prove that melatonin helps with sleep. ## [Home care strategies]() A number of [remedies and tips](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/insomnia/) can help manage insomnia. They involve changes to: ### Sleeping habits When possible, it can help to: - Go to bed and wake up at the same times, establishing a routine. - Avoid using any device with a screen right before bed. - Start winding down an hour before bedtime, for example, by taking a bath. - Keep telephones and other devices outside of the bedroom. - Ensure that the room is a comfortable temperature before bedtime. - Use blackout blinds or curtains to darken the room. ### Dietary habits - Avoid going to bed hungry. Have a healthy snack before bed, if necessary. - However, avoid eating a heavy meal within 2–3 hours of going to bed. - Limit caffeine and alcohol intake, especially at night. - Have a healthful, varied diet to boost overall well-being. ### Well-being and relaxation - Exercise regularly, but not within 4 hours of bedtime. - Do breathing and [relaxation exercises](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5-relaxation-techniques-to-try), especially before sleeping. - Find something that helps you sleep, such as soothing music or reading. - Try not to nap during the day, even if you feel sleepy. - Receive medical attention for any mental health issues, such as anxiety. ## [Diagnosing insomnia]() A sleep specialist [can help diagnose](https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/insomnia/) and treat sleep problems. They may: - ask the person about their medical history, sleep patterns, and use of drugs and alcohol - do a physical examination - test for underlying conditions - request an overnight sleep test to record sleep patterns - suggest wearing a device that tracks movement and sleep-wake patterns According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), a doctor may diagnose insomnia if the [following criteria](https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.6942) are met: - dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity - significant distress with personal functioning in daily life due to sleep difficulty - the sleep difficulty occurs at least 3 times a week - the sleep difficulty is present for at least 3 months - the sleep difficulty occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep - a complaint of one or more of the following sleep difficulties: - difficulty initiating sleep - difficulty maintaining sleep - early morning awakening - nonrestorative sleep ## [Frequently asked questions]() Some FAQs about insomnia may include: ### How do you fix insomnia? There are several strategies and treatments available for insomnia. This can include a combination of improving [sleeping hygiene](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-hygiene), CBT, and medications. ### Will insomnia ever go away? The length of time a person experiences difficulty with sleep will depend on the underlying cause and the severity of insomnia. Lifestyle modifications may help alleviate acute insomnia, which should relieve within a few weeks. However, if a person experiences disruptive sleep for 3 months of longer, it may be necessary to seek medical attention. Read on to learn more about [insomnia duration](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-long-does-insomnia-last). ### What is the main cause of insomnia? Many different factors can trigger insomnia. These can vary between people and it may not always be possible to identify a clear cause. However, some common causes of insomnia include stress, anxiety, and depression. ### What is life like for someone with insomnia? Along with difficulty sleeping, insomnia may cause a person to feel irritable, sad, unrested, and experience headaches. It may also impact concentration and increase the risk of an accident. Chronic insomnia can also affect how well the brain, heart, and other parts of the body work. ## [Takeaway]() Insomnia is a common problem. It can result from a range of issues, which may involve physical or mental health. In some cases, they are environmental or relate to lifestyle factors, such as shift work and caffeine or alcohol use. A lack of sleep can lead to a variety of problems, ranging from mild tiredness to chronic illness. Anyone who experiences ongoing trouble sleeping and feels that it is affecting their daily life should consult a doctor, who can help identify the cause and recommend a solution. - [Sleep / Sleep Disorders / Insomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/sleep) ### How we reviewed this article: Sources Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/process). - Fatal familial insomnia. (2023). <https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/fatal-familial-insomnia/> - Godman H. (2022). Are your medications keeping you up at night? <https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/are-your-medications-keeping-you-up-at-night> - Insomnia. (2024). <https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/insomnia/> - Insomnia. (2022). <https://aasm.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ICSD-3-TR-Insomnia-Draft.pdf> - Insomnia. (2020). <https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/insomnia/> - Insomnia. (n.d.). <https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/insomnia> - Insomnia. (n.d.). <https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia> - Insomnia severity index. (n.d.). <https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/CD/insomnia/TrifectaInsomniaSeverityIndexFillable910162020.pdf> - Melatonin: What you need to know. (2019). <https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know> - Risk factors for insomnia. (n.d.). <https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-56> - Seow LSE, et al. (2018). Evaluating DSM-5 insomnia disorder and the treatment of sleep problems in a psychiatric population. <https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.6942> - Sleep. (2024). <https://www.cdc.gov/cdi/indicator-definitions/sleep.html> - Sleep deprivation. (n.d.). <https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-deprivation> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Nick-Villalobos-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Nick Villalobos, MD]() — Written by [Peter Morales-Brown]() — [Updated on July 9, 2024]() ## Latest news - [4 in 10 global cancer cases are preventable, landmark study finds](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/4-in-10-global-cancer-cases-preventable-who-study-infections-smoking-alcohol) - [Men may develop cardiovascular disease earlier in life than women](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/men-cardiovascular-disease-younger-age-women-heart-health-aging) - [HIIT may help older adults lose fat while preserving muscle](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiit-may-help-older-adults-lose-fat-while-preserving-muscle) - [What's the best approach for weight loss after menopause? Study sheds light](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/whats-the-best-approach-for-weight-loss-after-menopause-study-sheds-light) - [Is this sweetener really the 'holy grail' of sugar substitutes?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/new-artificial-sweetener-tagatose-sugar-substitutes-health-benefits) ### Related Coverage - [What to know about rebound insomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/rebound-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Alexandra Perez, PharmD, MBA, BCGP](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers) [Rebound insomnia can occur when a person stops taking a drug that helps them sleep, such as a benzodiazepine or Z-drug. Learn more here.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/rebound-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/rebound-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Can depression cause insomnia?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-depression-cause-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext) [Insomnia is a potential symptom of depression, but the link between the two conditions is complex. Learn whether depression causes insomnia.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-depression-cause-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-depression-cause-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext) - [9 home remedies for insomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/home-remedies-for-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Janet Hilbert, MD](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers) [A person with insomnia can try various techniques to encourage the onset of sleep and improve its quality and duration. Learn more here.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/home-remedies-for-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/home-remedies-for-insomnia?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Lunesta and pregnancy, breastfeeding, and birth control](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-lunesta-pregnancy?utm_source=ReadNext) [Learn how Lunesta can affect pregnancy, breastfeeding, and birth control.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-lunesta-pregnancy?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-lunesta-pregnancy?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Lunesta (eszopiclone) and cost](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-lunesta-cost?utm_source=ReadNext) [Lunesta is a prescription drug used to treat insomnia. Learn how to lower long-term costs and more.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-lunesta-cost?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-lunesta-cost?utm_source=ReadNext) © 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. 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Readable Markdown	Generally, adults need at least 7 to 9 hours of sleep in every 24-hour period, depending on their age. Getting sufficient sleep is vital for maintaining good mental and physical health. However, insomnia is a common sleep problem that can disrupt how much sleep a person gets. When insomnia lasts for up to a few weeks, a health expert may refer to it as acute insomnia. When it lasts for 3 months or longer, it is known as chronic insomnia. Short-term insomnia can lead to daytime fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and other problems. In the long term, it may increase the risk of various diseases. [Insomnia](https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/insomnia/) is the most common sleep complaint. A person with insomnia has difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. They may consistently wake up too early. Sleep deprivation [can lead](https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-deprivation) to issues such as: - daytime sleepiness and lethargy - a general feeling of being mentally and physically unwell - mood changes, irritability, and [anxiety](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/anxiety/ "What is Anxiety?") Also, the issues above can contribute to insomnia — they may be causes, effects, or both. - [obesity](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323551) - anxiety - accidents and injury - [diabetes](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323627) - [high blood pressure](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150109) - [stroke](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7624) - [cardiovascular disease](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/257484) - [depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933) It can also undermine school and work performance and limit a person’s ability to do daily activities. Insomnia can result from a [range](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/insomnia/) of physical and psychological factors. Often, the cause is a temporary problem, such as short-term stress. In some other instances, insomnia stems from an underlying medical condition. Common causes include: - having [jet lag](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/165339.php "Jet lag: What it is and how to beat it"), switching shifts at work, or dealing with any other changes to the body’s internal clock - the room being too hot, cold, or noisy, or the bed being uncomfortable - caring for someone in the house, if it disrupts sleep - getting too little physical exercise - having night terrors or bad dreams - using recreational drugs, such as cocaine or ecstasy In some people, stress or a mental health issue is responsible for insomnia. A person may be experiencing: - depression - anxiety - [bipolar disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/37010.php) - schizophrenia Some other health conditions that can limit sleep include: - [restless legs syndrome](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7882) - an [overactive thyroid](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9153) - [sleep apnea](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/178633) - [gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/14085) - [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/141287) - chronic [pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/145750) - [Alzheimer’s disease](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/alzheimers-and-sleep) In rare cases, some people may inherit a condition known as [fatal familial insomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/fatal-familial-insomnia). This genetic condition [can cause](https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/fatal-familial-insomnia/) sleep problems and brain damage that eventually lead to death. - older age - family history of insomnia - certain occupations, such as shift or night work, or jobs that require travelling to different time zones - stress - being female - experiencing frequent sleep interruptions, such as waking up often to care for a baby - taking long naps during the day - getting too little exercise during the day - using caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, or recreational drug - using media technology, such as screen devices, in the bedroom before bed Additionally, certain drugs can make it hard to fall or stay asleep. These [can include](https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/are-your-medications-keeping-you-up-at-night): - [antidepressants](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248320) - [beta-blockers](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173068.php "What you need to know about beta-blockers") - decongestants - diuretics - nicotine replacement medications - steroids Apart from disrupted sleep, insomnia can lead other issues, [such as](https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/insomnia/): - daytime [fatigue](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php "Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?") or sleepiness - irritability, depression, or anxiety - low motivation or energy - poor concentration and focus - a lack of coordination and rash actions, which can lead to errors or accidents Y - concerns or frustrations about sleeping - poor performance at school or work - difficulty socializing, working, or studying Insomnia [can be](https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia) classified by duration: - Acute, or transient insomnia, is a short-term problem that can last for a few days or weeks. - Chronic, or long-term insomnia, occurs 3 or more nights a week and lasts more than 3 months. Some health experts may also use the term other insomnia disorder in rare cases when a person has symptoms of insomnia that fail to meet criteria for acute or chronic insomnia. Doctors may also classify it by cause. For example, primary insomnia is an issue by itself and secondary insomnia is a result of another health issue. In addition, they may classify it by severity and use tools such as the [insomnia severity index](https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/CD/insomnia/TrifectaInsomniaSeverityIndexFillable910162020.pdf). Previously, some guidelines may have further categorized insomnia into subtypes. These [included](https://aasm.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ICSD-3-TR-Insomnia-Draft.pdf): - [psychophysiological insomnia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/psychophysiological-insomnia) - idiopathic insomnia - paradoxical insomnia - inadequate sleep hygiene - behavioral insomnia of childhood - insomnia due to a mental health condition - insomnia due to medical condition - insomnia due to a drug or substance The best approach can depend on the underlying cause and the type of insomnia, but some options [include](https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia/treatment): - [cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/296579.php) - prescription medications - over-the-counter sleep aids - melatonin However, there is [not enough](https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know) strong evidence to prove that melatonin helps with sleep. A number of [remedies and tips](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/insomnia/) can help manage insomnia. They involve changes to: Sleeping habits When possible, it can help to: - Go to bed and wake up at the same times, establishing a routine. - Avoid using any device with a screen right before bed. - Start winding down an hour before bedtime, for example, by taking a bath. - Keep telephones and other devices outside of the bedroom. - Ensure that the room is a comfortable temperature before bedtime. - Use blackout blinds or curtains to darken the room. Dietary habits - Avoid going to bed hungry. Have a healthy snack before bed, if necessary. - However, avoid eating a heavy meal within 2–3 hours of going to bed. - Limit caffeine and alcohol intake, especially at night. - Have a healthful, varied diet to boost overall well-being. Well-being and relaxation - Exercise regularly, but not within 4 hours of bedtime. - Do breathing and [relaxation exercises](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5-relaxation-techniques-to-try), especially before sleeping. - Find something that helps you sleep, such as soothing music or reading. - Try not to nap during the day, even if you feel sleepy. - Receive medical attention for any mental health issues, such as anxiety. A sleep specialist [can help diagnose](https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/insomnia/) and treat sleep problems. They may: - ask the person about their medical history, sleep patterns, and use of drugs and alcohol - do a physical examination - test for underlying conditions - request an overnight sleep test to record sleep patterns - suggest wearing a device that tracks movement and sleep-wake patterns According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), a doctor may diagnose insomnia if the [following criteria](https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.6942) are met: - dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity - significant distress with personal functioning in daily life due to sleep difficulty - the sleep difficulty occurs at least 3 times a week - the sleep difficulty is present for at least 3 months - the sleep difficulty occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep - a complaint of one or more of the following sleep difficulties: - difficulty initiating sleep - difficulty maintaining sleep - early morning awakening - nonrestorative sleep Some FAQs about insomnia may include: How do you fix insomnia? There are several strategies and treatments available for insomnia. This can include a combination of improving [sleeping hygiene](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-hygiene), CBT, and medications. Will insomnia ever go away? The length of time a person experiences difficulty with sleep will depend on the underlying cause and the severity of insomnia. Lifestyle modifications may help alleviate acute insomnia, which should relieve within a few weeks. However, if a person experiences disruptive sleep for 3 months of longer, it may be necessary to seek medical attention. What is the main cause of insomnia? Many different factors can trigger insomnia. These can vary between people and it may not always be possible to identify a clear cause. However, some common causes of insomnia include stress, anxiety, and depression. What is life like for someone with insomnia? Along with difficulty sleeping, insomnia may cause a person to feel irritable, sad, unrested, and experience headaches. It may also impact concentration and increase the risk of an accident. Chronic insomnia can also affect how well the brain, heart, and other parts of the body work. Insomnia is a common problem. It can result from a range of issues, which may involve physical or mental health. In some cases, they are environmental or relate to lifestyle factors, such as shift work and caffeine or alcohol use. A lack of sleep can lead to a variety of problems, ranging from mild tiredness to chronic illness. Anyone who experiences ongoing trouble sleeping and feels that it is affecting their daily life should consult a doctor, who can help identify the cause and recommend a solution.
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