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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 110 (from laksa155)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa110.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324912\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324912\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/324912","crawl_time":1769942130,"first_indexed_time":1581784291,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,medicalnewstoday!www,\/articles\/324912 s443","src_root_hash":"5853625527623639710","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Dry cough: Causes, treatments, and home remedies","meta_descriptions":["A dry cough is a type of cough that does not produce phlegm. Here, learn about the various causes, including COVID-19 and asthma, and how to treat them."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Coughing is a natural reflex for clearing the throat and lungs of irritants. Infection is a common cause of a dry cough. Other possible causes include postnasal drip, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and more.\nA dry or sometimes tickly cough is a cough that does not bring up any phlegm or mucus. Dry coughs may cause a tickling sensation and are often due to irritation in the throat.\nDoctors often refer to dry coughs as non-productive coughs. In contrast, a wet, or productive, cough brings up phlegm that helps clear the airways of irritants.\nDoctors also classify coughs as either acute or chronic. A cough is chronic if it lasts longer than\n8 weeks\n, according to the American Lung Association.\nIn this article, we describe some of the possible causes of a dry cough and the treatment options. We also discuss diagnosis, general treatments, prevention tips, and when to see a doctor.\nVarious infections, diseases, and other factors can lead to a dry cough.\nCOVID-19 and other coronavirus infections\nCOVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.\na\nfever\na cough, which may be dry\nfatigue\nPeople may also have:\nbody aches\nnasal congestion\n, a\nrunny nose\n, or both\na sore throat\ndiarrhea\nchanges in the\nsenses of taste and smell\nTreatment\nThere is currently no cure for COVID-19, but acetaminophen\nmay help\nrelieve symptoms. People should rest at home and keep as far away from other people as possible.\nSome people have an underlying condition that increases their risk of developing severe illness. For these people, a doctor may\nprescribe\n:\nPaxlovid (Nirmatrelvir with Ritonavi):\nPaxlovid is an antiviral that people can take at home by mouth. They need to start it within 5 days of symptoms appearing. It is suitable for people aged 12 years and over.\nRemdesivir (Veklury):\nRemdesivir is an antiviral that comes as an intravenous infusion given at a healthcare facility. People need to start taking it within 7 days of symptoms appearing, for 3 days in a row.\nMolnupiravir (Lagevrio):\nMolnupiravir is an oral antiviral for adults. People need to start it within 5 days of symptoms appearing.\nIf a person experiences a medical emergency, such as breathing difficulties, they need emergency medical attention. Someone should\ncall 911\nand ask for advice. The person may need to spend time in the hospital.\nAsthma\nAsthma\nis a long-term lung condition that leads to\ninflammation\nand narrowing of the airways. One of the most common symptoms of asthma is coughing, which is often worse at night or early in the morning when a person first wakes up.\nThe cough is often productive, meaning a person brings up phlegm. However, in a type of asthma called\ncough-variant asthma\n, the main symptom people experience is a dry cough.\nOther symptoms of asthma can include:\nwheezing\nshortness of breath\nchest tightness or pain\nTreatment\nThere is currently no cure for asthma, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing future attacks.\nTypically, doctors prescribe the following treatments for people with asthma:\na quick-relief inhaler containing a\nbronchodilator\n, such as a short-acting beta-2-agonist, for treating symptoms when they flare-up\nlong-term medications, such as a low dose corticosteroid inhaler, to reduce inflammation and lower the risk of future attacks\nIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis\nIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)\nis a condition in which scar tissue develops inside a person’s lungs. As the scar tissue thickens, it makes breathing in air increasingly difficult. The term idiopathic means that doctors do not know exactly what causes the condition.\nOne of the most common symptoms of IPF is a persistent, dry cough. Other symptoms can include:\nshortness of breath\nloss of appetite and gradual weight loss\nfatigue\nclubbing, or widening and rounding of the tips of the fingers or toes\nchanges in nail shapes\nIn time, lung scarring can occur, leading to further complications.\nTreatment\nThere is currently no cure for IPF, so the aim of treatment is to relieve a person’s symptoms and slow disease progression.\nTreatment options for IPF include:\nmedications such as pirfenidone and\nnintedanib\noxygen therapy\npulmonary rehabilitation\n, which is a program of exercises, training, and support for people with long-term lung conditions\nlung transplantation\nGastroesophageal reflux disease\nAccording to a 2015 review, GERD causes a chronic, dry cough in up to\n40%\nof people with the condition.\nGERD typically also causes a number of gastrointestinal symptoms, which may include:\nheartburn\nnausea\nvomiting\npain or difficulty when swallowing\nbad breath\nHowever, research suggests that up\n75%\nof people with GERD-related cough may not experience these gastrointestinal symptoms. This can make it difficult for doctors to diagnose GERD in people with just a chronic, dry cough.\nTreatment\nMany people can manage symptoms of GERD through lifestyle changes,\nsuch as\n:\neating multiple small meals each day instead of three large meals\navoiding eating too soon before bed\nlimiting or avoiding foods that trigger or worsen symptoms, such as fatty or spicy foods\nmaintaining a moderate weight\nquitting tobacco\nsmoking\nreducing or avoiding\nalcohol\nintake\nOver-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medicines, such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors, may help relieve or prevent symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary.\nPostnasal drip\nPostnasal drip is when mucus from the nose and sinuses drips down the back of the throat.\nWhen the mucus drips into the throat, it can trigger a cough. Although this cough is often productive, it can sometimes also be dry. This will depend on how much mucus there is and how fast it is draining.\nPostnasal drip may occur with a sinus infection, GERD, or a nasal allergy, such as\nhay fever\n.\nOther symptoms of postnasal drip may include:\nrunny nose\na feeling of something in the back of the throat\na\nsore throat\nfrequent swallowing\nTreatment\nTreatment options for postnasal drip\ninclude\n:\ndecongestants\nnasal sprays\nnasal and sinus irrigation\ndrinking fluids\ntreatment for GERD, if appropriate\ntreatment for an underlying condition, for example, an infection or allergy\nUpper respiratory infections\nUpper respiratory infections, such as common colds and the\nflu\n, can cause acute coughing. The cough often starts out productive. However, it may become dry as a person recovers from the infections.\nOther symptoms of upper respiratory infections may include:\na\nfever\nmuscle aches\nrunny nose\nsore throat\nTreatment\nA person can usually\ntreat\nviral upper respiratory infections at home with:\nrest\nstaying hydrated\ntaking OTC medications to relieve congestion, aches, and fever\ntaking\nantihistamines\n, if a doctor advises it\nA doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication for people with the\nflu\nor COVID-19. For a bacterial infection, such as\nstrep throat\n, they may prescribe antibiotics.\nLung cancer\nA chronic, dry cough can sometimes be a symptom of\nlung cancer\n. However, other causes of dry cough are far more common.\nSymptoms of lung cancer can include:\ncoughing up blood or phlegm that contains blood\nchest pain that may get worse with breathing or coughing\nweight loss\nshortness of breath\nfatigue\nfeeling weak\nTreatment\nTreatment depends on the type and stage of the lung cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve a person’s outlook\nTreatment options can\ninclude\n:\nsurgery\nradiofrequency ablation\nchemotherapy\nradiation therapy\nimmunotherapy\ntargeted drug therapy\npalliative care\nOther causes\nOther causes of a dry cough can include:\ncigarette smoking\nprolonged exposure to\npollutants\n, such as dust and irritating chemicals\nallergies\nsome medications, such as\nACE-inhibitor\ndrugs for\nhigh blood pressure\nwhooping cough\na collapsed or punctured lung (\npneumothorax\n)\nheart failure\nTo diagnose the cause of a dry cough, a doctor will usually begin by asking about a person’s symptoms and medical history. They will then perform a physical examination.\nA doctor may also need to order some tests to help with their diagnosis. These may include:\nImaging tests:\nAn\nX-ray\nor\nCT scan\ncreates an image of the inside of the chest that allows doctors to check for problems.\nSpirometry:\nThis involves breathing into a plastic device to check a person’s lung functioning. Doctors use spirometry to help diagnose conditions such as asthma or IPF.\nEndoscopy:\nAn endoscope is a long, thin tube with a camera and light on the end. With upper gastrointestinal\nendoscopy\n, doctors can insert the tube through a person’s mouth and down the throat to check for problems inside the esophagus, stomach, and part of the small intestine. In a bronchoscopy, the doctor inserts a tube through the mouth and looks at the windpipe and airways.\nOptum Now is operated by RVO Health. By clicking on this link, we may receive a commission.\nLearn more.\nTreating the underlying cause is usually the best way to reduce the severity and frequency of a dry cough.\nHere is a summary of some treatment options:\nCause of dry cough:\nTreatment options include:\nCOVID-19\n– paracetamol to relieve discomfort\n– hospitalization\n– antiviral drugs and help with breathing in some cases\nasthma\n– medications delivered through an inhaler such as beta-2-agonists and corticosteroids\nidiopathic pulmonary fibrosis\n– medications\n– oxygen therapy\n– pulmonary rehabilitation\n– lung transplantation, in some cases\nGERD\n– medications such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors\n– lifestyle and dietary changes\npost nasal drip\n– decongestants\n– nasal sprays\n– nasal saline irrigation\nupper respiratory infections\n– staying hydrated\n– pain relievers to manage symptoms\n– rest\nlung cancer\n– surgery\n– radiofrequency ablation\n– chemotherapy, radiotherapy\n– targeted drug therapy\n– immunotherapy\n– palliative care\nSome home remedies may improve a person’s symptoms include:\nSucking on throat lozenges:\nThroat lozenges contain ingredients such as honey, menthol, and eucalyptus, which may ease irritation and reduce coughing.\nStaying hydrated:\nDrinking plenty of water will help the body stay hydrated, which boosts overall health. It can also thin mucus, which can help people with a respiratory infection or post nasal drip.\nTaking cough suppressants:\nOTC cough suppressants, which often contain dextromethorphan, may reduce a person’s cough reflex.\nElevating the bed:\nSleeping with the upper body raised by\n6–8 inches\ncan help decrease symptoms of postnasal drip and GERD. A person can elevate the bed by placing blocks or wedges under the bedposts.\nTaking a hot shower:\nThe warm water and steam from the shower may ease throat dryness and irritation.\nIt is not always possible to prevent a dry cough.\nHowever, tips that can help include:\navoiding smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke\navoiding exposure to air pollutants as much as possible\ndrinking plenty of water\nusing a humidifier to moisten the air\nallergy-proofing the bedroom to reduce irritants\navoiding asthma triggers\nasking about flu, whooping cough, COVID-19, and other vaccinations\nstaying away from people with an infection\npractice frequent\nhandwashing\nPeople with dry coughs that get worse, do not go away, or cause one to start producing blood or green mucus should see a doctor.\nPeople should also see a doctor if a dry cough occurs with any of the following symptoms:\nwheezing\na feeling that something is stuck in the throat\nshortness of breath or difficulty breathing\ntrouble swallowing\nIt is also best to see a doctor if a cough lasts longer than\n8 weeks\n. It could be a sign of an underlying condition that needs medical attention.\nHere are the answers to some questions people ask about a dry cough.\nHow do you cure a dry cough?\nThe treatment will depend on the cause. However, lozenges and cough suppressants can often help manage a dry cough. It may also help to drink plenty of fluids and use a humidifier.\nDoes COVID start with dry cough?\nA cough can be an\nearly sign\nof COVID-19. Other signs include congestion, a fever and chills, fatigue, and changes in the sense of taste or smell.\nIs a dry cough serious?\nThis will depend on the underlying cause. Often, a dry cough will pass with rest and hydration in around\n3 weeks\n. However, COVID-19, strep throat, allergies, and GERD can all lead to complications if people do not receive treatment.\nIf you have concerns about a dry cough or if a cough lasts longer than\n8 weeks\n, it is best to seek medical advice.\nA dry cough is one that does not produce phlegm or mucus. Dry coughs are often temporary and rarely a cause for concern. However, a chronic, dry cough may be a symptom of an underlying condition, such as asthma or GERD.\nTreating the underlying cause is the best way of reducing the severity and frequency of chronic coughs. However, OTC remedies may also help relieve symptoms.\nPeople should see a doctor for dry coughs that do not get better or if they start to cough up blood.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  ### Health Conditions\n  - [Alzheimer's & Dementia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/alzheimers-and-dementia)\n  - [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/anxiety)\n  - [Asthma & Allergies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/asthma-and-allergies)\n  - [Atopic Dermatitis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/program\/investigating-atopic-dermatitis)\n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cancer)\n  - [Cardiovascular Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cardiovascular-health)\n  - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/coronavirus?correlationId=2b137d5a-dcfb-464e-9ea6-72c5a54b4e92)\n  - [Diabetes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/diabetes)\n  - [Endometriosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/endometriosis)\n  - 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Infection is a common cause of a dry cough. Other possible causes include postnasal drip, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and more.\n\nA dry or sometimes tickly cough is a cough that does not bring up any phlegm or mucus. Dry coughs may cause a tickling sensation and are often due to irritation in the throat.\n\nDoctors often refer to dry coughs as non-productive coughs. In contrast, a wet, or productive, cough brings up phlegm that helps clear the airways of irritants.\n\nDoctors also classify coughs as either acute or chronic. A cough is chronic if it lasts longer than [8 weeks](https:\/\/www.lung.org\/lung-health-and-diseases\/lung-disease-lookup\/cough\/cough-symptoms-causes-risks.html), according to the American Lung Association.\n\nIn this article, we describe some of the possible causes of a dry cough and the treatment options. We also discuss diagnosis, general treatments, prevention tips, and when to see a doctor.\n\n## [Common causes]()\n![person with a dry cough](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/09\/dry_cough_GettyImages1358467523_Header-1024x575.jpg?w=1155&h=1528)\n\n[Share on Pinterest](https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F324912&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2022%2F09%2Fdry_cough_GettyImages1358467523_Header-1024x575.jpg&description=Dry%20cough%3A%20Causes%2C%20treatments%2C%20and%20home%20remedies \"Share on Pinterest\")\n\nwilpunt\/Getty Images\n\nVarious infections, diseases, and other factors can lead to a dry cough.\n\n### COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections\nCOVID-19 is one disease that results from infection with a [coronavirus](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/256521). Others include [severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/7543.php) and [Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/262538.php). They can all involve a dry cough.\n\nCOVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.\n\nThe most common [symptoms](https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/q-a-detail\/q-a-coronaviruses) are:\n\n- a [fever](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/168266)\n- a cough, which may be dry\n- [fatigue](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248002)\n\nPeople may also have:\n\n- [body aches](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/319985)\n- [nasal congestion](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/nasal-congestion), a [runny nose](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325248), or both\n- [a sore throat](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/311449)\n- [diarrhea](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/158634)\n- changes in the [senses of taste and smell](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-is-anosmia)\n\nIn time, a person may develop [chest pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321650) and [difficulty breathing](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/314963). COVID-19 can be fatal for some people. The [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/index.html) recommend [vaccinations](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/coronavirus-vaccine) for most people aged 5 years and over to reduce the risk of developing symptoms.\n\n[Learn more about COVID-19 and other coronaviruses.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/256521)\n\n#### Treatment\nThere is currently no cure for COVID-19, but acetaminophen [may help](https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/368\/bmj.m1086) relieve symptoms. People should rest at home and keep as far away from other people as possible.\n\nSome people have an underlying condition that increases their risk of developing severe illness. For these people, a doctor may [prescribe](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/your-health\/treatments-for-severe-illness.html):\n\n- **Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir with Ritonavi):** Paxlovid is an antiviral that people can take at home by mouth. They need to start it within 5 days of symptoms appearing. It is suitable for people aged 12 years and over.\n- **Remdesivir (Veklury):** Remdesivir is an antiviral that comes as an intravenous infusion given at a healthcare facility. People need to start taking it within 7 days of symptoms appearing, for 3 days in a row.\n- **Molnupiravir (Lagevrio):** Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral for adults. People need to start it within 5 days of symptoms appearing.\n\nIf a person experiences a medical emergency, such as breathing difficulties, they need emergency medical attention. Someone should [call 911](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/if-you-are-sick\/steps-when-sick.html) and ask for advice. The person may need to spend time in the hospital.\n\n[Learn about treatment options for COVID-19.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/coronavirus-treatment)\n\n### Asthma\n[Asthma](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/info\/asthma\/ \"What is Asthma?\") is a long-term lung condition that leads to [inflammation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248423.php \"Everything you need to know about inflammation\") and narrowing of the airways. One of the most common symptoms of asthma is coughing, which is often worse at night or early in the morning when a person first wakes up.\n\nThe cough is often productive, meaning a person brings up phlegm. However, in a type of asthma called [cough-variant asthma](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/314142), the main symptom people experience is a dry cough.\n\nOther symptoms of asthma can include:\n\n- wheezing\n- shortness of breath\n- chest tightness or pain\n\n[Learn about home remedies for wheezing.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321736)\n\n#### Treatment\nThere is currently no cure for asthma, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing future attacks.\n\nTypically, doctors prescribe the following treatments for people with asthma:\n\n- a quick-relief inhaler containing a [bronchodilator](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325613), such as a short-acting beta-2-agonist, for treating symptoms when they flare-up\n- long-term medications, such as a low dose corticosteroid inhaler, to reduce inflammation and lower the risk of future attacks\n\n[Learn about treatments for asthma.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323524)\n\n### Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis\n[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis) is a condition in which scar tissue develops inside a person’s lungs. As the scar tissue thickens, it makes breathing in air increasingly difficult. The term idiopathic means that doctors do not know exactly what causes the condition.\n\nOne of the most common symptoms of IPF is a persistent, dry cough. Other symptoms can include:\n\n- shortness of breath\n- loss of appetite and gradual weight loss\n- [fatigue](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248002.php \"Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?\")\n- clubbing, or widening and rounding of the tips of the fingers or toes\n- changes in nail shapes\n\nIn time, lung scarring can occur, leading to further complications.\n\n#### Treatment\nThere is currently no cure for IPF, so the aim of treatment is to relieve a person’s symptoms and slow disease progression.\n\nTreatment options for IPF include:\n\n- medications such as pirfenidone and [nintedanib](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-ofev)\n- oxygen therapy\n- [pulmonary rehabilitation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/141287), which is a program of exercises, training, and support for people with long-term lung conditions\n- lung transplantation\n\n[Learn about lung scarring and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/319807)\n\n### Gastroesophageal reflux disease\n[Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/14085) is a condition where acid leaks from the stomach back up into the esophagus, or food pipe.\n\nAccording to a 2015 review, GERD causes a chronic, dry cough in up to [40%](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4298918\/) of people with the condition.\n\nGERD typically also causes a number of gastrointestinal symptoms, which may include:\n\n- [heartburn](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9151.php \"Heartburn: Why it happens and what to do\")\n- [nausea](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-causes-nausea)\n- vomiting\n- pain or difficulty when swallowing\n- [bad breath](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/166636.php \"Everything you need to know about bad breath\")\n\nHowever, research suggests that up [75%](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4298918\/) of people with GERD-related cough may not experience these gastrointestinal symptoms. This can make it difficult for doctors to diagnose GERD in people with just a chronic, dry cough.\n\n#### Treatment\nMany people can manage symptoms of GERD through lifestyle changes, [such as](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK441938\/):\n\n- eating multiple small meals each day instead of three large meals\n- avoiding eating too soon before bed\n- limiting or avoiding foods that trigger or worsen symptoms, such as fatty or spicy foods\n- maintaining a moderate weight\n- [quitting tobacco](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/241302) smoking\n- reducing or avoiding [alcohol](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/305062) intake\n\nOver-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medicines, such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors, may help relieve or prevent symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary.\n\n### Postnasal drip\nPostnasal drip is when mucus from the nose and sinuses drips down the back of the throat.\n\nWhen the mucus drips into the throat, it can trigger a cough. Although this cough is often productive, it can sometimes also be dry. This will depend on how much mucus there is and how fast it is draining.\n\nPostnasal drip may occur with a sinus infection, GERD, or a nasal allergy, such as [hay fever](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/160665.php \"Everything you need to know about hay fever\").\n\nOther symptoms of postnasal drip may include:\n\n- runny nose\n- a feeling of something in the back of the throat\n- a [sore throat](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/155412.php \"Strep throat: Causes, diagnosis, and treatments\")\n- frequent swallowing\n#### Treatment\nTreatment options for postnasal drip [include](https:\/\/www.enthealth.org\/conditions\/post-nasal-drip\/):\n\n- [decongestants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/decongestants)\n- nasal sprays\n- nasal and sinus irrigation\n- drinking fluids\n- treatment for GERD, if appropriate\n- treatment for an underlying condition, for example, an infection or allergy\n### Upper respiratory infections\nUpper respiratory infections, such as common colds and the [flu](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/15107.php \"All you need to know about flu\"), can cause acute coughing. The cough often starts out productive. However, it may become dry as a person recovers from the infections.\n\nOther symptoms of upper respiratory infections may include:\n\n- a [fever](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/168266.php \"Fever: What you need to know\")\n- muscle aches\n- runny nose\n- sore throat\n#### Treatment\nA person can usually [treat](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK532961\/) viral upper respiratory infections at home with:\n\n- rest\n- staying hydrated\n- taking OTC medications to relieve congestion, aches, and fever\n- taking [antihistamines](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/antihistamines), if a doctor advises it\n\nA doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication for people with the [flu](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/15107) or COVID-19. For a bacterial infection, such as [strep throat](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/155412), they may prescribe antibiotics.\n\n### Lung cancer\nA chronic, dry cough can sometimes be a symptom of [lung cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323701 \"What is Lung Cancer?\"). However, other causes of dry cough are far more common.\n\nSymptoms of lung cancer can include:\n\n- coughing up blood or phlegm that contains blood\n- chest pain that may get worse with breathing or coughing\n- weight loss\n- shortness of breath\n- fatigue\n- feeling weak\n#### Treatment\nTreatment depends on the type and stage of the lung cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve a person’s outlook\n\nTreatment options can [include](https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/lung-cancer\/treating-non-small-cell.html):\n\n- surgery\n- radiofrequency ablation\n- [chemotherapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/158401.php \"What you need to know about chemotherapy\")\n- [radiation therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/158513.php \"What to know about radiation therapy?\")\n- [immunotherapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/319453)\n- [targeted drug therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/targeted-therapy-lung-cancer-works)\n- [palliative care](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-is-palliative-care)\n### Other causes\nOther causes of a dry cough can include:\n\n- [cigarette smoking](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/324644)\n- prolonged exposure to [pollutants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/327447), such as dust and irritating chemicals\n- [allergies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/264419)\n- some medications, such as [ACE-inhibitor](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326791) drugs for [high blood pressure](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/159283.php \"What to know about high blood pressure\")\n- [whooping cough](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/257706)\n- a collapsed or punctured lung ([pneumothorax](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/318110))\n- [heart failure](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/156849)\n\n## [Diagnosis]()\nTo diagnose the cause of a dry cough, a doctor will usually begin by asking about a person’s symptoms and medical history. They will then perform a physical examination.\n\nA doctor may also need to order some tests to help with their diagnosis. These may include:\n\n- **Imaging tests:** An [X-ray](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/219970) or [CT scan](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/153201.php \"CT scan or CAT scan: How does it work?\") creates an image of the inside of the chest that allows doctors to check for problems.\n- **Spirometry:** This involves breathing into a plastic device to check a person’s lung functioning. Doctors use spirometry to help diagnose conditions such as asthma or IPF.\n- **Endoscopy:** An endoscope is a long, thin tube with a camera and light on the end. With upper gastrointestinal [endoscopy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/153737.php \"Endoscopy: What to know\"), doctors can insert the tube through a person’s mouth and down the throat to check for problems inside the esophagus, stomach, and part of the small intestine. In a bronchoscopy, the doctor inserts a tube through the mouth and looks at the windpipe and airways.\n\n**»MORE:**[Get an online treatment plan for your cold, flu, or sinus infection in as little as 15 minutes with Optum Now Online Care.](https:\/\/now.optum.com\/online-care\/upper-respiratory-infection?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=organic-onlinecare-on&utm_content=linkto-oc-on-uri&utm_campaign=mnt-article-oc-on-backlink)\n\nOptum Now is operated by RVO Health. By clicking on this link, we may receive a commission. [Learn more.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/brand-and-product-vetting)\n\n## [Treatment]()\nTreating the underlying cause is usually the best way to reduce the severity and frequency of a dry cough.\n\nHere is a summary of some treatment options:\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| **Cause of dry cough:** | **Treatment options include:** |\n| COVID-19 | – paracetamol to relieve discomfort  – hospitalization  – antiviral drugs and help with breathing in some cases |\n| asthma | – medications delivered through an inhaler such as beta-2-agonists and corticosteroids |\n| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | – medications – oxygen therapy – pulmonary rehabilitation – lung transplantation, in some cases |\n| GERD | – medications such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors – lifestyle and dietary changes |\n| post nasal drip | – decongestants – nasal sprays – nasal saline irrigation |\n| upper respiratory infections | – staying hydrated – pain relievers to manage symptoms – rest |\n| lung cancer | – surgery – radiofrequency ablation – chemotherapy, radiotherapy – targeted drug therapy – immunotherapy – palliative care |\n\n## [Home remedies]()\nSome home remedies may improve a person’s symptoms include:\n\n- **Sucking on throat lozenges:** Throat lozenges contain ingredients such as honey, menthol, and eucalyptus, which may ease irritation and reduce coughing.\n- **Staying hydrated:** Drinking plenty of water will help the body stay hydrated, which boosts overall health. It can also thin mucus, which can help people with a respiratory infection or post nasal drip.\n- **Taking cough suppressants:** OTC cough suppressants, which often contain dextromethorphan, may reduce a person’s cough reflex.\n- **Elevating the bed:** Sleeping with the upper body raised by\n  [6–8 inches](https:\/\/www.niddk.nih.gov\/health-information\/digestive-diseases\/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults\/treatment)\n  can help decrease symptoms of postnasal drip and GERD. A person can elevate the bed by placing blocks or wedges under the bedposts.\n- **Taking a hot shower:** The warm water and steam from the shower may ease throat dryness and irritation.\n\n[Learn about remedies for a sore throat.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/315937)\n\n## [Prevention tips]()\nIt is not always possible to prevent a dry cough.\n\nHowever, tips that can help include:\n\n- avoiding smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke\n- avoiding exposure to air pollutants as much as possible\n- drinking plenty of water\n- using a humidifier to moisten the air\n- allergy-proofing the bedroom to reduce irritants\n- avoiding asthma triggers\n- asking about flu, whooping cough, COVID-19, and other vaccinations\n- staying away from people with an infection\n- practice frequent [handwashing](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/proper-hand-washing)\n\n## [When to see a doctor]()\nPeople with dry coughs that get worse, do not go away, or cause one to start producing blood or green mucus should see a doctor.\n\nPeople should also see a doctor if a dry cough occurs with any of the following symptoms:\n\n- wheezing\n- a feeling that something is stuck in the throat\n- shortness of breath or difficulty breathing\n- trouble swallowing\n\nIt is also best to see a doctor if a cough lasts longer than [8 weeks](https:\/\/www.lung.org\/lung-health-diseases\/warning-signs-of-lung-disease\/cough\/learn-about-cough). It could be a sign of an underlying condition that needs medical attention.\n\n## [Frequently asked questions]()\nHere are the answers to some questions people ask about a dry cough.\n\n### How do you cure a dry cough?\nThe treatment will depend on the cause. However, lozenges and cough suppressants can often help manage a dry cough. It may also help to drink plenty of fluids and use a humidifier.\n\n### Does COVID start with dry cough?\nA cough can be an [early sign](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/symptoms-testing\/symptoms.html) of COVID-19. Other signs include congestion, a fever and chills, fatigue, and changes in the sense of taste or smell.\n\n### Is a dry cough serious?\nThis will depend on the underlying cause. Often, a dry cough will pass with rest and hydration in around [3 weeks](https:\/\/www.lung.org\/lung-health-diseases\/warning-signs-of-lung-disease\/cough\/learn-about-cough). However, COVID-19, strep throat, allergies, and GERD can all lead to complications if people do not receive treatment.\n\nIf you have concerns about a dry cough or if a cough lasts longer than [8 weeks](https:\/\/www.lung.org\/lung-health-diseases\/warning-signs-of-lung-disease\/cough\/learn-about-cough), it is best to seek medical advice.\n\n## [Summary]()\nA dry cough is one that does not produce phlegm or mucus. Dry coughs are often temporary and rarely a cause for concern. However, a chronic, dry cough may be a symptom of an underlying condition, such as asthma or GERD.\n\nTreating the underlying cause is the best way of reducing the severity and frequency of chronic coughs. However, OTC remedies may also help relieve symptoms.\n\nPeople should see a doctor for dry coughs that do not get better or if they start to cough up blood.\n\n[Read the article in Spanish.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/es\/tos-seca)\n\n- [Respiratory](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/respiratory)\n- [Ear, Nose, and Throat](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/ent)\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nMedical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/process).\n\n- Antunes, C., *et al.* (2022). Gastroesophageal reflux disease.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK441938\/>\n- Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). (2021).  \n  <https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/question-and-answers-hub\/q-a-detail\/coronavirus-disease-covid-19>\n- COVID-19 treatments and medications. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/your-health\/treatments-for-severe-illness.html>\n- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis>\n- Learn about cough. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.lung.org\/lung-health-diseases\/lung-disease-lookup\/cough\/learn-about-cough>\n- Mahashur, A. (2015). Chronic dry cough: Diagnostic and management approaches.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4298918>\n- Post-nasal drip. (2018).  \n  <https:\/\/www.enthealth.org\/conditions\/post-nasal-drip\/>\n- Signs and symptoms of lung cancer. (2019).  \n  <https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/lung-cancer\/prevention-and-early-detection\/signs-and-symptoms.html>\n- Symptoms of COVID-19. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/symptoms-testing\/symptoms.html>\n- Thomas, M., *et al*. (2022). Upper respiratory tract infection.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK532961\/>\n- Treating non-small cell lung cancer. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/lung-cancer\/treating-non-small-cell.html>\n- Treatment for GER & GERD. (2020).   \n  <https:\/\/www.niddk.nih.gov\/health-information\/digestive-diseases\/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults\/treatment>\n- Vaccines for COVID-19. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/index.html>\n- What is asthma? (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/asthma>\n- What to do if you are sick. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/if-you-are-sick\/steps-when-sick.html>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/03\/Meredith-Goodwin-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Meredith Goodwin, MD, FAAFP]() — Written by  —  [Updated on January 22, 2024]()\n\n## Latest news\n- [Two days of oatmeal may help reduce 'bad' cholesterol levels, study finds](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/two-days-oatmeal-reduce-ldl-cholesterol-levels-study)\n- [Is sleep the missing piece in mental health?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-sleep-the-missing-piece-in-mental-health)\n- [Is this why dementia affects more women? How menopause alters the brain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/dementia-menopause-brain-health-gray-matter-memory-loss)\n- [Low dose aspirin does not reduce cancer risk in older adults, long-term study finds](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/low-dose-aspirin-does-not-reduce-cancer-risk-in-older-adults)\n- [Can treating rheumatoid arthritis before it sets in help delay its onset?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/pretreatment-rheumatoid-arthritis-onset-delay-4-years)\n\n### Related Coverage\n- [What to know about a cough with mucus](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cough-with-mucus?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph.D., MSN](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n  \n  [A cough that produces mucus is known as a 'wet,' or 'productive,' cough. Learn more about wet coughs here, including the symptoms, causes, and…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cough-with-mucus?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cough-with-mucus?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What can cause a cough and sore throat with no fever?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cough-but-no-fever?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Carissa Stephens, R.N., CCRN, CPN](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n  \n  [There are many reasons why a person may have a cough but no fever. 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Learn more here.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-medication-for-dry-cough?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-medication-for-dry-cough?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [6 European countries lose measles elimination status: What this means](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/uk-european-nations-lose-measles-elimination-status?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [The WHO has announced that the U.K. and five other European countries have lost their measles elimination status. 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MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Coughing is a natural reflex for clearing the throat and lungs of irritants. Infection is a common cause of a dry cough. Other possible causes include postnasal drip, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and more.\n\nA dry or sometimes tickly cough is a cough that does not bring up any phlegm or mucus. Dry coughs may cause a tickling sensation and are often due to irritation in the throat.\n\nDoctors often refer to dry coughs as non-productive coughs. In contrast, a wet, or productive, cough brings up phlegm that helps clear the airways of irritants.\n\nDoctors also classify coughs as either acute or chronic. A cough is chronic if it lasts longer than [8 weeks](https:\/\/www.lung.org\/lung-health-and-diseases\/lung-disease-lookup\/cough\/cough-symptoms-causes-risks.html), according to the American Lung Association.\n\nIn this article, we describe some of the possible causes of a dry cough and the treatment options. We also discuss diagnosis, general treatments, prevention tips, and when to see a doctor.\n\nVarious infections, diseases, and other factors can lead to a dry cough.\n\nCOVID-19 and other coronavirus infections\n\nCOVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.\n\n- a [fever](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/168266)\n- a cough, which may be dry\n- [fatigue](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248002)\n\nPeople may also have:\n\n- [body aches](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/319985)\n- [nasal congestion](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/nasal-congestion), a [runny nose](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325248), or both\n- [a sore throat](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/311449)\n- [diarrhea](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/158634)\n- changes in the [senses of taste and smell](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-is-anosmia)\n\nTreatment\n\nThere is currently no cure for COVID-19, but acetaminophen [may help](https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/368\/bmj.m1086) relieve symptoms. People should rest at home and keep as far away from other people as possible.\n\nSome people have an underlying condition that increases their risk of developing severe illness. For these people, a doctor may [prescribe](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/your-health\/treatments-for-severe-illness.html):\n\n- **Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir with Ritonavi):** Paxlovid is an antiviral that people can take at home by mouth. They need to start it within 5 days of symptoms appearing. It is suitable for people aged 12 years and over.\n- **Remdesivir (Veklury):** Remdesivir is an antiviral that comes as an intravenous infusion given at a healthcare facility. People need to start taking it within 7 days of symptoms appearing, for 3 days in a row.\n- **Molnupiravir (Lagevrio):** Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral for adults. People need to start it within 5 days of symptoms appearing.\n\nIf a person experiences a medical emergency, such as breathing difficulties, they need emergency medical attention. Someone should [call 911](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/if-you-are-sick\/steps-when-sick.html) and ask for advice. The person may need to spend time in the hospital.\n\nAsthma\n\n[Asthma](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/info\/asthma\/ \"What is Asthma?\") is a long-term lung condition that leads to [inflammation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248423.php \"Everything you need to know about inflammation\") and narrowing of the airways. One of the most common symptoms of asthma is coughing, which is often worse at night or early in the morning when a person first wakes up.\n\nThe cough is often productive, meaning a person brings up phlegm. However, in a type of asthma called [cough-variant asthma](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/314142), the main symptom people experience is a dry cough.\n\nOther symptoms of asthma can include:\n\n- wheezing\n- shortness of breath\n- chest tightness or pain\n\nTreatment\n\nThere is currently no cure for asthma, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing future attacks.\n\nTypically, doctors prescribe the following treatments for people with asthma:\n\n- a quick-relief inhaler containing a [bronchodilator](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325613), such as a short-acting beta-2-agonist, for treating symptoms when they flare-up\n- long-term medications, such as a low dose corticosteroid inhaler, to reduce inflammation and lower the risk of future attacks\n\nIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis\n\n[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis) is a condition in which scar tissue develops inside a person’s lungs. As the scar tissue thickens, it makes breathing in air increasingly difficult. The term idiopathic means that doctors do not know exactly what causes the condition.\n\nOne of the most common symptoms of IPF is a persistent, dry cough. Other symptoms can include:\n\n- shortness of breath\n- loss of appetite and gradual weight loss\n- [fatigue](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248002.php \"Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?\")\n- clubbing, or widening and rounding of the tips of the fingers or toes\n- changes in nail shapes\n\nIn time, lung scarring can occur, leading to further complications.\n\nTreatment\n\nThere is currently no cure for IPF, so the aim of treatment is to relieve a person’s symptoms and slow disease progression.\n\nTreatment options for IPF include:\n\n- medications such as pirfenidone and [nintedanib](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-ofev)\n- oxygen therapy\n- [pulmonary rehabilitation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/141287), which is a program of exercises, training, and support for people with long-term lung conditions\n- lung transplantation\n\nGastroesophageal reflux disease\n\nAccording to a 2015 review, GERD causes a chronic, dry cough in up to [40%](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4298918\/) of people with the condition.\n\nGERD typically also causes a number of gastrointestinal symptoms, which may include:\n\n- [heartburn](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9151.php \"Heartburn: Why it happens and what to do\")\n- [nausea](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-causes-nausea)\n- vomiting\n- pain or difficulty when swallowing\n- [bad breath](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/166636.php \"Everything you need to know about bad breath\")\n\nHowever, research suggests that up [75%](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4298918\/) of people with GERD-related cough may not experience these gastrointestinal symptoms. This can make it difficult for doctors to diagnose GERD in people with just a chronic, dry cough.\n\nTreatment\n\nMany people can manage symptoms of GERD through lifestyle changes, [such as](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK441938\/):\n\n- eating multiple small meals each day instead of three large meals\n- avoiding eating too soon before bed\n- limiting or avoiding foods that trigger or worsen symptoms, such as fatty or spicy foods\n- maintaining a moderate weight\n- [quitting tobacco](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/241302) smoking\n- reducing or avoiding [alcohol](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/305062) intake\n\nOver-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medicines, such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors, may help relieve or prevent symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary.\n\nPostnasal drip\n\nPostnasal drip is when mucus from the nose and sinuses drips down the back of the throat.\n\nWhen the mucus drips into the throat, it can trigger a cough. Although this cough is often productive, it can sometimes also be dry. This will depend on how much mucus there is and how fast it is draining.\n\nPostnasal drip may occur with a sinus infection, GERD, or a nasal allergy, such as [hay fever](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/160665.php \"Everything you need to know about hay fever\").\n\nOther symptoms of postnasal drip may include:\n\n- runny nose\n- a feeling of something in the back of the throat\n- a [sore throat](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/155412.php \"Strep throat: Causes, diagnosis, and treatments\")\n- frequent swallowing\n\nTreatment\n\nTreatment options for postnasal drip [include](https:\/\/www.enthealth.org\/conditions\/post-nasal-drip\/):\n\n- [decongestants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/decongestants)\n- nasal sprays\n- nasal and sinus irrigation\n- drinking fluids\n- treatment for GERD, if appropriate\n- treatment for an underlying condition, for example, an infection or allergy\n\nUpper respiratory infections\n\nUpper respiratory infections, such as common colds and the [flu](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/15107.php \"All you need to know about flu\"), can cause acute coughing. The cough often starts out productive. However, it may become dry as a person recovers from the infections.\n\nOther symptoms of upper respiratory infections may include:\n\n- a [fever](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/168266.php \"Fever: What you need to know\")\n- muscle aches\n- runny nose\n- sore throat\n\nTreatment\n\nA person can usually [treat](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK532961\/) viral upper respiratory infections at home with:\n\n- rest\n- staying hydrated\n- taking OTC medications to relieve congestion, aches, and fever\n- taking [antihistamines](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/antihistamines), if a doctor advises it\n\nA doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication for people with the [flu](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/15107) or COVID-19. For a bacterial infection, such as [strep throat](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/155412), they may prescribe antibiotics.\n\nLung cancer\n\nA chronic, dry cough can sometimes be a symptom of [lung cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323701 \"What is Lung Cancer?\"). However, other causes of dry cough are far more common.\n\nSymptoms of lung cancer can include:\n\n- coughing up blood or phlegm that contains blood\n- chest pain that may get worse with breathing or coughing\n- weight loss\n- shortness of breath\n- fatigue\n- feeling weak\n\nTreatment\n\nTreatment depends on the type and stage of the lung cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve a person’s outlook\n\nTreatment options can [include](https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/lung-cancer\/treating-non-small-cell.html):\n\n- surgery\n- radiofrequency ablation\n- [chemotherapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/158401.php \"What you need to know about chemotherapy\")\n- [radiation therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/158513.php \"What to know about radiation therapy?\")\n- [immunotherapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/319453)\n- [targeted drug therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/targeted-therapy-lung-cancer-works)\n- [palliative care](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-is-palliative-care)\n\nOther causes\n\nOther causes of a dry cough can include:\n\n- [cigarette smoking](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/324644)\n- prolonged exposure to [pollutants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/327447), such as dust and irritating chemicals\n- [allergies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/264419)\n- some medications, such as [ACE-inhibitor](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326791) drugs for [high blood pressure](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/159283.php \"What to know about high blood pressure\")\n- [whooping cough](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/257706)\n- a collapsed or punctured lung ([pneumothorax](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/318110))\n- [heart failure](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/156849)\n\nTo diagnose the cause of a dry cough, a doctor will usually begin by asking about a person’s symptoms and medical history. They will then perform a physical examination.\n\nA doctor may also need to order some tests to help with their diagnosis. These may include:\n\n- **Imaging tests:** An [X-ray](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/219970) or [CT scan](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/153201.php \"CT scan or CAT scan: How does it work?\") creates an image of the inside of the chest that allows doctors to check for problems.\n- **Spirometry:** This involves breathing into a plastic device to check a person’s lung functioning. Doctors use spirometry to help diagnose conditions such as asthma or IPF.\n- **Endoscopy:** An endoscope is a long, thin tube with a camera and light on the end. With upper gastrointestinal [endoscopy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/153737.php \"Endoscopy: What to know\"), doctors can insert the tube through a person’s mouth and down the throat to check for problems inside the esophagus, stomach, and part of the small intestine. In a bronchoscopy, the doctor inserts a tube through the mouth and looks at the windpipe and airways.\n\nOptum Now is operated by RVO Health. By clicking on this link, we may receive a commission. [Learn more.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/brand-and-product-vetting)\n\nTreating the underlying cause is usually the best way to reduce the severity and frequency of a dry cough.\n\nHere is a summary of some treatment options:\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| **Cause of dry cough:** | **Treatment options include:** |\n| COVID-19 | – paracetamol to relieve discomfort  – hospitalization  – antiviral drugs and help with breathing in some cases |\n| asthma | – medications delivered through an inhaler such as beta-2-agonists and corticosteroids |\n| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | – medications – oxygen therapy – pulmonary rehabilitation – lung transplantation, in some cases |\n| GERD | – medications such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors – lifestyle and dietary changes |\n| post nasal drip | – decongestants – nasal sprays – nasal saline irrigation |\n| upper respiratory infections | – staying hydrated – pain relievers to manage symptoms – rest |\n| lung cancer | – surgery – radiofrequency ablation – chemotherapy, radiotherapy – targeted drug therapy – immunotherapy – palliative care |\n\nSome home remedies may improve a person’s symptoms include:\n\n- **Sucking on throat lozenges:** Throat lozenges contain ingredients such as honey, menthol, and eucalyptus, which may ease irritation and reduce coughing.\n- **Staying hydrated:** Drinking plenty of water will help the body stay hydrated, which boosts overall health. It can also thin mucus, which can help people with a respiratory infection or post nasal drip.\n- **Taking cough suppressants:** OTC cough suppressants, which often contain dextromethorphan, may reduce a person’s cough reflex.\n- **Elevating the bed:** Sleeping with the upper body raised by\n  [6–8 inches](https:\/\/www.niddk.nih.gov\/health-information\/digestive-diseases\/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults\/treatment)\n  can help decrease symptoms of postnasal drip and GERD. A person can elevate the bed by placing blocks or wedges under the bedposts.\n- **Taking a hot shower:** The warm water and steam from the shower may ease throat dryness and irritation.\n\nIt is not always possible to prevent a dry cough.\n\nHowever, tips that can help include:\n\n- avoiding smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke\n- avoiding exposure to air pollutants as much as possible\n- drinking plenty of water\n- using a humidifier to moisten the air\n- allergy-proofing the bedroom to reduce irritants\n- avoiding asthma triggers\n- asking about flu, whooping cough, COVID-19, and other vaccinations\n- staying away from people with an infection\n- practice frequent [handwashing](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/proper-hand-washing)\n\nPeople with dry coughs that get worse, do not go away, or cause one to start producing blood or green mucus should see a doctor.\n\nPeople should also see a doctor if a dry cough occurs with any of the following symptoms:\n\n- wheezing\n- a feeling that something is stuck in the throat\n- shortness of breath or difficulty breathing\n- trouble swallowing\n\nIt is also best to see a doctor if a cough lasts longer than [8 weeks](https:\/\/www.lung.org\/lung-health-diseases\/warning-signs-of-lung-disease\/cough\/learn-about-cough). It could be a sign of an underlying condition that needs medical attention.\n\nHere are the answers to some questions people ask about a dry cough.\n\nHow do you cure a dry cough?\n\nThe treatment will depend on the cause. However, lozenges and cough suppressants can often help manage a dry cough. It may also help to drink plenty of fluids and use a humidifier.\n\nDoes COVID start with dry cough?\n\nA cough can be an [early sign](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/symptoms-testing\/symptoms.html) of COVID-19. Other signs include congestion, a fever and chills, fatigue, and changes in the sense of taste or smell.\n\nIs a dry cough serious?\n\nThis will depend on the underlying cause. Often, a dry cough will pass with rest and hydration in around [3 weeks](https:\/\/www.lung.org\/lung-health-diseases\/warning-signs-of-lung-disease\/cough\/learn-about-cough). However, COVID-19, strep throat, allergies, and GERD can all lead to complications if people do not receive treatment.\n\nIf you have concerns about a dry cough or if a cough lasts longer than [8 weeks](https:\/\/www.lung.org\/lung-health-diseases\/warning-signs-of-lung-disease\/cough\/learn-about-cough), it is best to seek medical advice.\n\nA dry cough is one that does not produce phlegm or mucus. Dry coughs are often temporary and rarely a cause for concern. However, a chronic, dry cough may be a symptom of an underlying condition, such as asthma or GERD.\n\nTreating the underlying cause is the best way of reducing the severity and frequency of chronic coughs. However, OTC remedies may also help relieve symptoms.\n\nPeople should see a doctor for dry coughs that do not get better or if they start to cough up blood.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Coughing is a natural reflex for clearing the throat and lungs of irritants. Infection is a common cause of a dry cough. Other possible causes include postnasal drip, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and more. A dry or sometimes tickly cough is a cough that does not bring up any phlegm or mucus. Dry coughs may cause a tickling sensation and are often due to irritation in the throat. Doctors often refer to dry coughs as non-productive coughs. In contrast, a wet, or productive, cough brings up phlegm that helps clear the airways of irritants. Doctors also classify coughs as either acute or chronic. A cough is chronic if it lasts longer than 8 weeks , according to the American Lung Association. In this article, we describe some of the possible causes of a dry cough and the treatment options. We also discuss diagnosis, general treatments, prevention tips, and when to see a doctor. Various infections, diseases, and other factors can lead to a dry cough. COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. a fever a cough, which may be dry fatigue People may also have: body aches nasal congestion , a runny nose , or both a sore throat diarrhea changes in the senses of taste and smell Treatment There is currently no cure for COVID-19, but acetaminophen may help relieve symptoms. People should rest at home and keep as far away from other people as possible. Some people have an underlying condition that increases their risk of developing severe illness. For these people, a doctor may prescribe : Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir with Ritonavi): Paxlovid is an antiviral that people can take at home by mouth. They need to start it within 5 days of symptoms appearing. It is suitable for people aged 12 years and over. Remdesivir (Veklury): Remdesivir is an antiviral that comes as an intravenous infusion given at a healthcare facility. People need to start taking it within 7 days of symptoms appearing, for 3 days in a row. Molnupiravir (Lagevrio): Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral for adults. People need to start it within 5 days of symptoms appearing. If a person experiences a medical emergency, such as breathing difficulties, they need emergency medical attention. Someone should call 911 and ask for advice. The person may need to spend time in the hospital. Asthma Asthma is a long-term lung condition that leads to inflammation and narrowing of the airways. One of the most common symptoms of asthma is coughing, which is often worse at night or early in the morning when a person first wakes up. The cough is often productive, meaning a person brings up phlegm. However, in a type of asthma called cough-variant asthma , the main symptom people experience is a dry cough. Other symptoms of asthma can include: wheezing shortness of breath chest tightness or pain Treatment There is currently no cure for asthma, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing future attacks. Typically, doctors prescribe the following treatments for people with asthma: a quick-relief inhaler containing a bronchodilator , such as a short-acting beta-2-agonist, for treating symptoms when they flare-up long-term medications, such as a low dose corticosteroid inhaler, to reduce inflammation and lower the risk of future attacks Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a condition in which scar tissue develops inside a person’s lungs. As the scar tissue thickens, it makes breathing in air increasingly difficult. The term idiopathic means that doctors do not know exactly what causes the condition. One of the most common symptoms of IPF is a persistent, dry cough. Other symptoms can include: shortness of breath loss of appetite and gradual weight loss fatigue clubbing, or widening and rounding of the tips of the fingers or toes changes in nail shapes In time, lung scarring can occur, leading to further complications. Treatment There is currently no cure for IPF, so the aim of treatment is to relieve a person’s symptoms and slow disease progression. Treatment options for IPF include: medications such as pirfenidone and nintedanib oxygen therapy pulmonary rehabilitation , which is a program of exercises, training, and support for people with long-term lung conditions lung transplantation Gastroesophageal reflux disease According to a 2015 review, GERD causes a chronic, dry cough in up to 40% of people with the condition. GERD typically also causes a number of gastrointestinal symptoms, which may include: heartburn nausea vomiting pain or difficulty when swallowing bad breath However, research suggests that up 75% of people with GERD-related cough may not experience these gastrointestinal symptoms. This can make it difficult for doctors to diagnose GERD in people with just a chronic, dry cough. Treatment Many people can manage symptoms of GERD through lifestyle changes, such as : eating multiple small meals each day instead of three large meals avoiding eating too soon before bed limiting or avoiding foods that trigger or worsen symptoms, such as fatty or spicy foods maintaining a moderate weight quitting tobacco smoking reducing or avoiding alcohol intake Over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medicines, such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors, may help relieve or prevent symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary. Postnasal drip Postnasal drip is when mucus from the nose and sinuses drips down the back of the throat. When the mucus drips into the throat, it can trigger a cough. Although this cough is often productive, it can sometimes also be dry. This will depend on how much mucus there is and how fast it is draining. Postnasal drip may occur with a sinus infection, GERD, or a nasal allergy, such as hay fever . Other symptoms of postnasal drip may include: runny nose a feeling of something in the back of the throat a sore throat frequent swallowing Treatment Treatment options for postnasal drip include : decongestants nasal sprays nasal and sinus irrigation drinking fluids treatment for GERD, if appropriate treatment for an underlying condition, for example, an infection or allergy Upper respiratory infections Upper respiratory infections, such as common colds and the flu , can cause acute coughing. The cough often starts out productive. However, it may become dry as a person recovers from the infections. Other symptoms of upper respiratory infections may include: a fever muscle aches runny nose sore throat Treatment A person can usually treat viral upper respiratory infections at home with: rest staying hydrated taking OTC medications to relieve congestion, aches, and fever taking antihistamines , if a doctor advises it A doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication for people with the flu or COVID-19. For a bacterial infection, such as strep throat , they may prescribe antibiotics. Lung cancer A chronic, dry cough can sometimes be a symptom of lung cancer . However, other causes of dry cough are far more common. Symptoms of lung cancer can include: coughing up blood or phlegm that contains blood chest pain that may get worse with breathing or coughing weight loss shortness of breath fatigue feeling weak Treatment Treatment depends on the type and stage of the lung cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve a person’s outlook Treatment options can include : surgery radiofrequency ablation chemotherapy radiation therapy immunotherapy targeted drug therapy palliative care Other causes Other causes of a dry cough can include: cigarette smoking prolonged exposure to pollutants , such as dust and irritating chemicals allergies some medications, such as ACE-inhibitor drugs for high blood pressure whooping cough a collapsed or punctured lung ( pneumothorax ) heart failure To diagnose the cause of a dry cough, a doctor will usually begin by asking about a person’s symptoms and medical history. They will then perform a physical examination. A doctor may also need to order some tests to help with their diagnosis. These may include: Imaging tests: An X-ray or CT scan creates an image of the inside of the chest that allows doctors to check for problems. Spirometry: This involves breathing into a plastic device to check a person’s lung functioning. Doctors use spirometry to help diagnose conditions such as asthma or IPF. Endoscopy: An endoscope is a long, thin tube with a camera and light on the end. With upper gastrointestinal endoscopy , doctors can insert the tube through a person’s mouth and down the throat to check for problems inside the esophagus, stomach, and part of the small intestine. In a bronchoscopy, the doctor inserts a tube through the mouth and looks at the windpipe and airways. Optum Now is operated by RVO Health. By clicking on this link, we may receive a commission. Learn more. Treating the underlying cause is usually the best way to reduce the severity and frequency of a dry cough. Here is a summary of some treatment options: Cause of dry cough: Treatment options include: COVID-19 – paracetamol to relieve discomfort – hospitalization – antiviral drugs and help with breathing in some cases asthma – medications delivered through an inhaler such as beta-2-agonists and corticosteroids idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis – medications – oxygen therapy – pulmonary rehabilitation – lung transplantation, in some cases GERD – medications such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors – lifestyle and dietary changes post nasal drip – decongestants – nasal sprays – nasal saline irrigation upper respiratory infections – staying hydrated – pain relievers to manage symptoms – rest lung cancer – surgery – radiofrequency ablation – chemotherapy, radiotherapy – targeted drug therapy – immunotherapy – palliative care Some home remedies may improve a person’s symptoms include: Sucking on throat lozenges: Throat lozenges contain ingredients such as honey, menthol, and eucalyptus, which may ease irritation and reduce coughing. Staying hydrated: Drinking plenty of water will help the body stay hydrated, which boosts overall health. It can also thin mucus, which can help people with a respiratory infection or post nasal drip. Taking cough suppressants: OTC cough suppressants, which often contain dextromethorphan, may reduce a person’s cough reflex. Elevating the bed: Sleeping with the upper body raised by 6–8 inches can help decrease symptoms of postnasal drip and GERD. A person can elevate the bed by placing blocks or wedges under the bedposts. Taking a hot shower: The warm water and steam from the shower may ease throat dryness and irritation. It is not always possible to prevent a dry cough. However, tips that can help include: avoiding smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke avoiding exposure to air pollutants as much as possible drinking plenty of water using a humidifier to moisten the air allergy-proofing the bedroom to reduce irritants avoiding asthma triggers asking about flu, whooping cough, COVID-19, and other vaccinations staying away from people with an infection practice frequent handwashing People with dry coughs that get worse, do not go away, or cause one to start producing blood or green mucus should see a doctor. People should also see a doctor if a dry cough occurs with any of the following symptoms: wheezing a feeling that something is stuck in the throat shortness of breath or difficulty breathing trouble swallowing It is also best to see a doctor if a cough lasts longer than 8 weeks . It could be a sign of an underlying condition that needs medical attention. Here are the answers to some questions people ask about a dry cough. How do you cure a dry cough? The treatment will depend on the cause. However, lozenges and cough suppressants can often help manage a dry cough. It may also help to drink plenty of fluids and use a humidifier. Does COVID start with dry cough? A cough can be an early sign of COVID-19. Other signs include congestion, a fever and chills, fatigue, and changes in the sense of taste or smell. Is a dry cough serious? This will depend on the underlying cause. Often, a dry cough will pass with rest and hydration in around 3 weeks . However, COVID-19, strep throat, allergies, and GERD can all lead to complications if people do not receive treatment. If you have concerns about a dry cough or if a cough lasts longer than 8 weeks , it is best to seek medical advice. A dry cough is one that does not produce phlegm or mucus. Dry coughs are often temporary and rarely a cause for concern. However, a chronic, dry cough may be a symptom of an underlying condition, such as asthma or GERD. Treating the underlying cause is the best way of reducing the severity and frequency of chronic coughs. However, OTC remedies may also help relieve symptoms. People should see a doctor for dry coughs that do not get better or if they start to cough up blood.
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[Treatment](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324912#treatment) - [Home remedies](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324912#home-remedies) - [Prevention tips](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324912#prevention-tips) - [When to see a doctor](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324912#when-to-see-a-doctor) - [FAQs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324912#fa-qs) - [Summary](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324912#summary) Coughing is a natural reflex for clearing the throat and lungs of irritants. Infection is a common cause of a dry cough. Other possible causes include postnasal drip, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and more. A dry or sometimes tickly cough is a cough that does not bring up any phlegm or mucus. Dry coughs may cause a tickling sensation and are often due to irritation in the throat. Doctors often refer to dry coughs as non-productive coughs. In contrast, a wet, or productive, cough brings up phlegm that helps clear the airways of irritants. Doctors also classify coughs as either acute or chronic. A cough is chronic if it lasts longer than [8 weeks](https://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/cough/cough-symptoms-causes-risks.html), according to the American Lung Association. In this article, we describe some of the possible causes of a dry cough and the treatment options. We also discuss diagnosis, general treatments, prevention tips, and when to see a doctor. ## [Common causes]() ![person with a dry cough](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/09/dry_cough_GettyImages1358467523_Header-1024x575.jpg?w=1155&h=1528) [Share on Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F324912&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2022%2F09%2Fdry_cough_GettyImages1358467523_Header-1024x575.jpg&description=Dry%20cough%3A%20Causes%2C%20treatments%2C%20and%20home%20remedies "Share on Pinterest") wilpunt/Getty Images Various infections, diseases, and other factors can lead to a dry cough. ### COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections COVID-19 is one disease that results from infection with a [coronavirus](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/256521). Others include [severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7543.php) and [Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/262538.php). They can all involve a dry cough. COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The most common [symptoms](https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses) are: - a [fever](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168266) - a cough, which may be dry - [fatigue](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002) People may also have: - [body aches](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319985) - [nasal congestion](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nasal-congestion), a [runny nose](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325248), or both - [a sore throat](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/311449) - [diarrhea](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158634) - changes in the [senses of taste and smell](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-is-anosmia) In time, a person may develop [chest pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321650) and [difficulty breathing](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314963). COVID-19 can be fatal for some people. The [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/index.html) recommend [vaccinations](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/coronavirus-vaccine) for most people aged 5 years and over to reduce the risk of developing symptoms. [Learn more about COVID-19 and other coronaviruses.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/256521) #### Treatment There is currently no cure for COVID-19, but acetaminophen [may help](https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1086) relieve symptoms. People should rest at home and keep as far away from other people as possible. Some people have an underlying condition that increases their risk of developing severe illness. For these people, a doctor may [prescribe](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html): - Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir with Ritonavi): Paxlovid is an antiviral that people can take at home by mouth. They need to start it within 5 days of symptoms appearing. It is suitable for people aged 12 years and over. - Remdesivir (Veklury): Remdesivir is an antiviral that comes as an intravenous infusion given at a healthcare facility. People need to start taking it within 7 days of symptoms appearing, for 3 days in a row. - Molnupiravir (Lagevrio): Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral for adults. People need to start it within 5 days of symptoms appearing. If a person experiences a medical emergency, such as breathing difficulties, they need emergency medical attention. Someone should [call 911](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html) and ask for advice. The person may need to spend time in the hospital. [Learn about treatment options for COVID-19.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/coronavirus-treatment) ### Asthma [Asthma](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/asthma/ "What is Asthma?") is a long-term lung condition that leads to [inflammation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248423.php "Everything you need to know about inflammation") and narrowing of the airways. One of the most common symptoms of asthma is coughing, which is often worse at night or early in the morning when a person first wakes up. The cough is often productive, meaning a person brings up phlegm. However, in a type of asthma called [cough-variant asthma](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314142), the main symptom people experience is a dry cough. Other symptoms of asthma can include: - wheezing - shortness of breath - chest tightness or pain [Learn about home remedies for wheezing.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321736) #### Treatment There is currently no cure for asthma, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing future attacks. Typically, doctors prescribe the following treatments for people with asthma: - a quick-relief inhaler containing a [bronchodilator](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325613), such as a short-acting beta-2-agonist, for treating symptoms when they flare-up - long-term medications, such as a low dose corticosteroid inhaler, to reduce inflammation and lower the risk of future attacks [Learn about treatments for asthma.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323524) ### Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis) is a condition in which scar tissue develops inside a person’s lungs. As the scar tissue thickens, it makes breathing in air increasingly difficult. The term idiopathic means that doctors do not know exactly what causes the condition. One of the most common symptoms of IPF is a persistent, dry cough. Other symptoms can include: - shortness of breath - loss of appetite and gradual weight loss - [fatigue](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php "Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?") - clubbing, or widening and rounding of the tips of the fingers or toes - changes in nail shapes In time, lung scarring can occur, leading to further complications. #### Treatment There is currently no cure for IPF, so the aim of treatment is to relieve a person’s symptoms and slow disease progression. Treatment options for IPF include: - medications such as pirfenidone and [nintedanib](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-ofev) - oxygen therapy - [pulmonary rehabilitation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/141287), which is a program of exercises, training, and support for people with long-term lung conditions - lung transplantation [Learn about lung scarring and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319807) ### Gastroesophageal reflux disease [Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/14085) is a condition where acid leaks from the stomach back up into the esophagus, or food pipe. According to a 2015 review, GERD causes a chronic, dry cough in up to [40%](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298918/) of people with the condition. GERD typically also causes a number of gastrointestinal symptoms, which may include: - [heartburn](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9151.php "Heartburn: Why it happens and what to do") - [nausea](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-causes-nausea) - vomiting - pain or difficulty when swallowing - [bad breath](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/166636.php "Everything you need to know about bad breath") However, research suggests that up [75%](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298918/) of people with GERD-related cough may not experience these gastrointestinal symptoms. This can make it difficult for doctors to diagnose GERD in people with just a chronic, dry cough. #### Treatment Many people can manage symptoms of GERD through lifestyle changes, [such as](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441938/): - eating multiple small meals each day instead of three large meals - avoiding eating too soon before bed - limiting or avoiding foods that trigger or worsen symptoms, such as fatty or spicy foods - maintaining a moderate weight - [quitting tobacco](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/241302) smoking - reducing or avoiding [alcohol](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305062) intake Over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medicines, such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors, may help relieve or prevent symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary. ### Postnasal drip Postnasal drip is when mucus from the nose and sinuses drips down the back of the throat. When the mucus drips into the throat, it can trigger a cough. Although this cough is often productive, it can sometimes also be dry. This will depend on how much mucus there is and how fast it is draining. Postnasal drip may occur with a sinus infection, GERD, or a nasal allergy, such as [hay fever](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160665.php "Everything you need to know about hay fever"). Other symptoms of postnasal drip may include: - runny nose - a feeling of something in the back of the throat - a [sore throat](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155412.php "Strep throat: Causes, diagnosis, and treatments") - frequent swallowing #### Treatment Treatment options for postnasal drip [include](https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/post-nasal-drip/): - [decongestants](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/decongestants) - nasal sprays - nasal and sinus irrigation - drinking fluids - treatment for GERD, if appropriate - treatment for an underlying condition, for example, an infection or allergy ### Upper respiratory infections Upper respiratory infections, such as common colds and the [flu](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/15107.php "All you need to know about flu"), can cause acute coughing. The cough often starts out productive. However, it may become dry as a person recovers from the infections. Other symptoms of upper respiratory infections may include: - a [fever](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168266.php "Fever: What you need to know") - muscle aches - runny nose - sore throat #### Treatment A person can usually [treat](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532961/) viral upper respiratory infections at home with: - rest - staying hydrated - taking OTC medications to relieve congestion, aches, and fever - taking [antihistamines](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/antihistamines), if a doctor advises it A doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication for people with the [flu](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/15107) or COVID-19. For a bacterial infection, such as [strep throat](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155412), they may prescribe antibiotics. ### Lung cancer A chronic, dry cough can sometimes be a symptom of [lung cancer](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323701 "What is Lung Cancer?"). However, other causes of dry cough are far more common. Symptoms of lung cancer can include: - coughing up blood or phlegm that contains blood - chest pain that may get worse with breathing or coughing - weight loss - shortness of breath - fatigue - feeling weak #### Treatment Treatment depends on the type and stage of the lung cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve a person’s outlook Treatment options can [include](https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/treating-non-small-cell.html): - surgery - radiofrequency ablation - [chemotherapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158401.php "What you need to know about chemotherapy") - [radiation therapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158513.php "What to know about radiation therapy?") - [immunotherapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319453) - [targeted drug therapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/targeted-therapy-lung-cancer-works) - [palliative care](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-is-palliative-care) ### Other causes Other causes of a dry cough can include: - [cigarette smoking](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324644) - prolonged exposure to [pollutants](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327447), such as dust and irritating chemicals - [allergies](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/264419) - some medications, such as [ACE-inhibitor](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326791) drugs for [high blood pressure](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159283.php "What to know about high blood pressure") - [whooping cough](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/257706) - a collapsed or punctured lung ([pneumothorax](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318110)) - [heart failure](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/156849) ## [Diagnosis]() To diagnose the cause of a dry cough, a doctor will usually begin by asking about a person’s symptoms and medical history. They will then perform a physical examination. A doctor may also need to order some tests to help with their diagnosis. These may include: - Imaging tests: An [X-ray](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/219970) or [CT scan](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153201.php "CT scan or CAT scan: How does it work?") creates an image of the inside of the chest that allows doctors to check for problems. - Spirometry: This involves breathing into a plastic device to check a person’s lung functioning. Doctors use spirometry to help diagnose conditions such as asthma or IPF. - Endoscopy: An endoscope is a long, thin tube with a camera and light on the end. With upper gastrointestinal [endoscopy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153737.php "Endoscopy: What to know"), doctors can insert the tube through a person’s mouth and down the throat to check for problems inside the esophagus, stomach, and part of the small intestine. In a bronchoscopy, the doctor inserts a tube through the mouth and looks at the windpipe and airways. »MORE:[Get an online treatment plan for your cold, flu, or sinus infection in as little as 15 minutes with Optum Now Online Care.](https://now.optum.com/online-care/upper-respiratory-infection?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=organic-onlinecare-on&utm_content=linkto-oc-on-uri&utm_campaign=mnt-article-oc-on-backlink) Optum Now is operated by RVO Health. By clicking on this link, we may receive a commission. [Learn more.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/brand-and-product-vetting) ## [Treatment]() Treating the underlying cause is usually the best way to reduce the severity and frequency of a dry cough. Here is a summary of some treatment options: \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Cause of dry cough: \| Treatment options include: \| \| COVID-19 \| – paracetamol to relieve discomfort – hospitalization – antiviral drugs and help with breathing in some cases \| \| asthma \| – medications delivered through an inhaler such as beta-2-agonists and corticosteroids \| \| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis \| – medications – oxygen therapy – pulmonary rehabilitation – lung transplantation, in some cases \| \| GERD \| – medications such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors – lifestyle and dietary changes \| \| post nasal drip \| – decongestants – nasal sprays – nasal saline irrigation \| \| upper respiratory infections \| – staying hydrated – pain relievers to manage symptoms – rest \| \| lung cancer \| – surgery – radiofrequency ablation – chemotherapy, radiotherapy – targeted drug therapy – immunotherapy – palliative care \| ## [Home remedies]() Some home remedies may improve a person’s symptoms include: - Sucking on throat lozenges: Throat lozenges contain ingredients such as honey, menthol, and eucalyptus, which may ease irritation and reduce coughing. - Staying hydrated: Drinking plenty of water will help the body stay hydrated, which boosts overall health. It can also thin mucus, which can help people with a respiratory infection or post nasal drip. - Taking cough suppressants: OTC cough suppressants, which often contain dextromethorphan, may reduce a person’s cough reflex. - Elevating the bed: Sleeping with the upper body raised by [6–8 inches](https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/treatment) can help decrease symptoms of postnasal drip and GERD. A person can elevate the bed by placing blocks or wedges under the bedposts. - Taking a hot shower: The warm water and steam from the shower may ease throat dryness and irritation. [Learn about remedies for a sore throat.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315937) ## [Prevention tips]() It is not always possible to prevent a dry cough. However, tips that can help include: - avoiding smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke - avoiding exposure to air pollutants as much as possible - drinking plenty of water - using a humidifier to moisten the air - allergy-proofing the bedroom to reduce irritants - avoiding asthma triggers - asking about flu, whooping cough, COVID-19, and other vaccinations - staying away from people with an infection - practice frequent [handwashing](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/proper-hand-washing) ## [When to see a doctor]() People with dry coughs that get worse, do not go away, or cause one to start producing blood or green mucus should see a doctor. People should also see a doctor if a dry cough occurs with any of the following symptoms: - wheezing - a feeling that something is stuck in the throat - shortness of breath or difficulty breathing - trouble swallowing It is also best to see a doctor if a cough lasts longer than [8 weeks](https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/warning-signs-of-lung-disease/cough/learn-about-cough). It could be a sign of an underlying condition that needs medical attention. ## [Frequently asked questions]() Here are the answers to some questions people ask about a dry cough. ### How do you cure a dry cough? The treatment will depend on the cause. However, lozenges and cough suppressants can often help manage a dry cough. It may also help to drink plenty of fluids and use a humidifier. ### Does COVID start with dry cough? A cough can be an [early sign](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html) of COVID-19. Other signs include congestion, a fever and chills, fatigue, and changes in the sense of taste or smell. ### Is a dry cough serious? This will depend on the underlying cause. Often, a dry cough will pass with rest and hydration in around [3 weeks](https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/warning-signs-of-lung-disease/cough/learn-about-cough). However, COVID-19, strep throat, allergies, and GERD can all lead to complications if people do not receive treatment. If you have concerns about a dry cough or if a cough lasts longer than [8 weeks](https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/warning-signs-of-lung-disease/cough/learn-about-cough), it is best to seek medical advice. ## [Summary]() A dry cough is one that does not produce phlegm or mucus. Dry coughs are often temporary and rarely a cause for concern. However, a chronic, dry cough may be a symptom of an underlying condition, such as asthma or GERD. Treating the underlying cause is the best way of reducing the severity and frequency of chronic coughs. However, OTC remedies may also help relieve symptoms. People should see a doctor for dry coughs that do not get better or if they start to cough up blood. [Read the article in Spanish.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/es/tos-seca) - [Respiratory](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/respiratory) - [Ear, Nose, and Throat](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/ent) ### How we reviewed this article: Sources Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/process). - Antunes, C., et al. (2022). Gastroesophageal reflux disease. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441938/> - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). (2021). <https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19> - COVID-19 treatments and medications. (2022). <https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html> - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (2022). <https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis> - Learn about cough. (2022). <https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/cough/learn-about-cough> - Mahashur, A. (2015). Chronic dry cough: Diagnostic and management approaches. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298918> - Post-nasal drip. (2018). <https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/post-nasal-drip/> - Signs and symptoms of lung cancer. (2019). <https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/prevention-and-early-detection/signs-and-symptoms.html> - Symptoms of COVID-19. (2022). <https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html> - Thomas, M., et al. (2022). Upper respiratory tract infection. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532961/> - Treating non-small cell lung cancer. (n.d.). <https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/treating-non-small-cell.html> - Treatment for GER & GERD. (2020). <https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/treatment> - Vaccines for COVID-19. (2022). <https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/index.html> - What is asthma? (2022). <https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/asthma> - What to do if you are sick. (2022). <https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/03/Meredith-Goodwin-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Meredith Goodwin, MD, FAAFP]() — Written by — [Updated on January 22, 2024]() ## Latest news - [Two days of oatmeal may help reduce 'bad' cholesterol levels, study finds](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/two-days-oatmeal-reduce-ldl-cholesterol-levels-study) - [Is sleep the missing piece in mental health?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-sleep-the-missing-piece-in-mental-health) - [Is this why dementia affects more women? How menopause alters the brain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/dementia-menopause-brain-health-gray-matter-memory-loss) - [Low dose aspirin does not reduce cancer risk in older adults, long-term study finds](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/low-dose-aspirin-does-not-reduce-cancer-risk-in-older-adults) - [Can treating rheumatoid arthritis before it sets in help delay its onset?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/pretreatment-rheumatoid-arthritis-onset-delay-4-years) ### Related Coverage - [What to know about a cough with mucus](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cough-with-mucus?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph.D., MSN](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers) [A cough that produces mucus is known as a 'wet,' or 'productive,' cough. Learn more about wet coughs here, including the symptoms, causes, and…](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cough-with-mucus?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cough-with-mucus?utm_source=ReadNext) - [What can cause a cough and sore throat with no fever?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cough-but-no-fever?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Carissa Stephens, R.N., CCRN, CPN](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers) [There are many reasons why a person may have a cough but no fever. Learn more about the potential causes in adults and children and the treatment…](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cough-but-no-fever?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cough-but-no-fever?utm_source=ReadNext) - [What is the best medication for a dry cough?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/best-medication-for-dry-cough?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Jennie Olopaade, PharmD, RPH](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers) [Taking OTC medications such as cough suppressants, decongestants, and lozenges can help decrease a dry cough. Learn more here.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/best-medication-for-dry-cough?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/best-medication-for-dry-cough?utm_source=ReadNext) - [6 European countries lose measles elimination status: What this means](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/uk-european-nations-lose-measles-elimination-status?utm_source=ReadNext) [The WHO has announced that the U.K. and five other European countries have lost their measles elimination status. Find out what this means.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/uk-european-nations-lose-measles-elimination-status?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/uk-european-nations-lose-measles-elimination-status?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Benzonatate (Tessalon) price, savings, and coupon](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-benzonatate-coupon?utm_source=ReadNext) [Benzonatate is prescribed to help relieve coughing. Find coupon and up to 80% savings options to help lower the cost of this medication.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-benzonatate-coupon?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-benzonatate-coupon?utm_source=ReadNext) © 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. 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Readable Markdown	Coughing is a natural reflex for clearing the throat and lungs of irritants. Infection is a common cause of a dry cough. Other possible causes include postnasal drip, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and more. A dry or sometimes tickly cough is a cough that does not bring up any phlegm or mucus. Dry coughs may cause a tickling sensation and are often due to irritation in the throat. Doctors often refer to dry coughs as non-productive coughs. In contrast, a wet, or productive, cough brings up phlegm that helps clear the airways of irritants. Doctors also classify coughs as either acute or chronic. A cough is chronic if it lasts longer than [8 weeks](https://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/cough/cough-symptoms-causes-risks.html), according to the American Lung Association. In this article, we describe some of the possible causes of a dry cough and the treatment options. We also discuss diagnosis, general treatments, prevention tips, and when to see a doctor. Various infections, diseases, and other factors can lead to a dry cough. COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. - a [fever](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168266) - a cough, which may be dry - [fatigue](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002) People may also have: - [body aches](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319985) - [nasal congestion](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nasal-congestion), a [runny nose](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325248), or both - [a sore throat](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/311449) - [diarrhea](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158634) - changes in the [senses of taste and smell](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-is-anosmia) Treatment There is currently no cure for COVID-19, but acetaminophen [may help](https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1086) relieve symptoms. People should rest at home and keep as far away from other people as possible. Some people have an underlying condition that increases their risk of developing severe illness. For these people, a doctor may [prescribe](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html): - Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir with Ritonavi): Paxlovid is an antiviral that people can take at home by mouth. They need to start it within 5 days of symptoms appearing. It is suitable for people aged 12 years and over. - Remdesivir (Veklury): Remdesivir is an antiviral that comes as an intravenous infusion given at a healthcare facility. People need to start taking it within 7 days of symptoms appearing, for 3 days in a row. - Molnupiravir (Lagevrio): Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral for adults. People need to start it within 5 days of symptoms appearing. If a person experiences a medical emergency, such as breathing difficulties, they need emergency medical attention. Someone should [call 911](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html) and ask for advice. The person may need to spend time in the hospital. Asthma [Asthma](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/asthma/ "What is Asthma?") is a long-term lung condition that leads to [inflammation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248423.php "Everything you need to know about inflammation") and narrowing of the airways. One of the most common symptoms of asthma is coughing, which is often worse at night or early in the morning when a person first wakes up. The cough is often productive, meaning a person brings up phlegm. However, in a type of asthma called [cough-variant asthma](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314142), the main symptom people experience is a dry cough. Other symptoms of asthma can include: - wheezing - shortness of breath - chest tightness or pain Treatment There is currently no cure for asthma, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing future attacks. Typically, doctors prescribe the following treatments for people with asthma: - a quick-relief inhaler containing a [bronchodilator](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325613), such as a short-acting beta-2-agonist, for treating symptoms when they flare-up - long-term medications, such as a low dose corticosteroid inhaler, to reduce inflammation and lower the risk of future attacks Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis) is a condition in which scar tissue develops inside a person’s lungs. As the scar tissue thickens, it makes breathing in air increasingly difficult. The term idiopathic means that doctors do not know exactly what causes the condition. One of the most common symptoms of IPF is a persistent, dry cough. Other symptoms can include: - shortness of breath - loss of appetite and gradual weight loss - [fatigue](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php "Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?") - clubbing, or widening and rounding of the tips of the fingers or toes - changes in nail shapes In time, lung scarring can occur, leading to further complications. Treatment There is currently no cure for IPF, so the aim of treatment is to relieve a person’s symptoms and slow disease progression. Treatment options for IPF include: - medications such as pirfenidone and [nintedanib](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-ofev) - oxygen therapy - [pulmonary rehabilitation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/141287), which is a program of exercises, training, and support for people with long-term lung conditions - lung transplantation Gastroesophageal reflux disease According to a 2015 review, GERD causes a chronic, dry cough in up to [40%](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298918/) of people with the condition. GERD typically also causes a number of gastrointestinal symptoms, which may include: - [heartburn](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9151.php "Heartburn: Why it happens and what to do") - [nausea](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-causes-nausea) - vomiting - pain or difficulty when swallowing - [bad breath](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/166636.php "Everything you need to know about bad breath") However, research suggests that up [75%](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298918/) of people with GERD-related cough may not experience these gastrointestinal symptoms. This can make it difficult for doctors to diagnose GERD in people with just a chronic, dry cough. Treatment Many people can manage symptoms of GERD through lifestyle changes, [such as](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441938/): - eating multiple small meals each day instead of three large meals - avoiding eating too soon before bed - limiting or avoiding foods that trigger or worsen symptoms, such as fatty or spicy foods - maintaining a moderate weight - [quitting tobacco](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/241302) smoking - reducing or avoiding [alcohol](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305062) intake Over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medicines, such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors, may help relieve or prevent symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary. Postnasal drip Postnasal drip is when mucus from the nose and sinuses drips down the back of the throat. When the mucus drips into the throat, it can trigger a cough. Although this cough is often productive, it can sometimes also be dry. This will depend on how much mucus there is and how fast it is draining. Postnasal drip may occur with a sinus infection, GERD, or a nasal allergy, such as [hay fever](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160665.php "Everything you need to know about hay fever"). Other symptoms of postnasal drip may include: - runny nose - a feeling of something in the back of the throat - a [sore throat](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155412.php "Strep throat: Causes, diagnosis, and treatments") - frequent swallowing Treatment Treatment options for postnasal drip [include](https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/post-nasal-drip/): - [decongestants](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/decongestants) - nasal sprays - nasal and sinus irrigation - drinking fluids - treatment for GERD, if appropriate - treatment for an underlying condition, for example, an infection or allergy Upper respiratory infections Upper respiratory infections, such as common colds and the [flu](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/15107.php "All you need to know about flu"), can cause acute coughing. The cough often starts out productive. However, it may become dry as a person recovers from the infections. Other symptoms of upper respiratory infections may include: - a [fever](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168266.php "Fever: What you need to know") - muscle aches - runny nose - sore throat Treatment A person can usually [treat](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532961/) viral upper respiratory infections at home with: - rest - staying hydrated - taking OTC medications to relieve congestion, aches, and fever - taking [antihistamines](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/antihistamines), if a doctor advises it A doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication for people with the [flu](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/15107) or COVID-19. For a bacterial infection, such as [strep throat](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155412), they may prescribe antibiotics. Lung cancer A chronic, dry cough can sometimes be a symptom of [lung cancer](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323701 "What is Lung Cancer?"). However, other causes of dry cough are far more common. Symptoms of lung cancer can include: - coughing up blood or phlegm that contains blood - chest pain that may get worse with breathing or coughing - weight loss - shortness of breath - fatigue - feeling weak Treatment Treatment depends on the type and stage of the lung cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve a person’s outlook Treatment options can [include](https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/treating-non-small-cell.html): - surgery - radiofrequency ablation - [chemotherapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158401.php "What you need to know about chemotherapy") - [radiation therapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158513.php "What to know about radiation therapy?") - [immunotherapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319453) - [targeted drug therapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/targeted-therapy-lung-cancer-works) - [palliative care](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-is-palliative-care) Other causes Other causes of a dry cough can include: - [cigarette smoking](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324644) - prolonged exposure to [pollutants](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327447), such as dust and irritating chemicals - [allergies](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/264419) - some medications, such as [ACE-inhibitor](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326791) drugs for [high blood pressure](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159283.php "What to know about high blood pressure") - [whooping cough](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/257706) - a collapsed or punctured lung ([pneumothorax](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318110)) - [heart failure](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/156849) To diagnose the cause of a dry cough, a doctor will usually begin by asking about a person’s symptoms and medical history. They will then perform a physical examination. A doctor may also need to order some tests to help with their diagnosis. These may include: - Imaging tests: An [X-ray](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/219970) or [CT scan](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153201.php "CT scan or CAT scan: How does it work?") creates an image of the inside of the chest that allows doctors to check for problems. - Spirometry: This involves breathing into a plastic device to check a person’s lung functioning. Doctors use spirometry to help diagnose conditions such as asthma or IPF. - Endoscopy: An endoscope is a long, thin tube with a camera and light on the end. With upper gastrointestinal [endoscopy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153737.php "Endoscopy: What to know"), doctors can insert the tube through a person’s mouth and down the throat to check for problems inside the esophagus, stomach, and part of the small intestine. In a bronchoscopy, the doctor inserts a tube through the mouth and looks at the windpipe and airways. Optum Now is operated by RVO Health. By clicking on this link, we may receive a commission. [Learn more.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/brand-and-product-vetting) Treating the underlying cause is usually the best way to reduce the severity and frequency of a dry cough. Here is a summary of some treatment options: \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Cause of dry cough: \| Treatment options include: \| \| COVID-19 \| – paracetamol to relieve discomfort – hospitalization – antiviral drugs and help with breathing in some cases \| \| asthma \| – medications delivered through an inhaler such as beta-2-agonists and corticosteroids \| \| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis \| – medications – oxygen therapy – pulmonary rehabilitation – lung transplantation, in some cases \| \| GERD \| – medications such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors – lifestyle and dietary changes \| \| post nasal drip \| – decongestants – nasal sprays – nasal saline irrigation \| \| upper respiratory infections \| – staying hydrated – pain relievers to manage symptoms – rest \| \| lung cancer \| – surgery – radiofrequency ablation – chemotherapy, radiotherapy – targeted drug therapy – immunotherapy – palliative care \| Some home remedies may improve a person’s symptoms include: - Sucking on throat lozenges: Throat lozenges contain ingredients such as honey, menthol, and eucalyptus, which may ease irritation and reduce coughing. - Staying hydrated: Drinking plenty of water will help the body stay hydrated, which boosts overall health. It can also thin mucus, which can help people with a respiratory infection or post nasal drip. - Taking cough suppressants: OTC cough suppressants, which often contain dextromethorphan, may reduce a person’s cough reflex. - Elevating the bed: Sleeping with the upper body raised by [6–8 inches](https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/treatment) can help decrease symptoms of postnasal drip and GERD. A person can elevate the bed by placing blocks or wedges under the bedposts. - Taking a hot shower: The warm water and steam from the shower may ease throat dryness and irritation. It is not always possible to prevent a dry cough. However, tips that can help include: - avoiding smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke - avoiding exposure to air pollutants as much as possible - drinking plenty of water - using a humidifier to moisten the air - allergy-proofing the bedroom to reduce irritants - avoiding asthma triggers - asking about flu, whooping cough, COVID-19, and other vaccinations - staying away from people with an infection - practice frequent [handwashing](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/proper-hand-washing) People with dry coughs that get worse, do not go away, or cause one to start producing blood or green mucus should see a doctor. People should also see a doctor if a dry cough occurs with any of the following symptoms: - wheezing - a feeling that something is stuck in the throat - shortness of breath or difficulty breathing - trouble swallowing It is also best to see a doctor if a cough lasts longer than [8 weeks](https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/warning-signs-of-lung-disease/cough/learn-about-cough). It could be a sign of an underlying condition that needs medical attention. Here are the answers to some questions people ask about a dry cough. How do you cure a dry cough? The treatment will depend on the cause. However, lozenges and cough suppressants can often help manage a dry cough. It may also help to drink plenty of fluids and use a humidifier. Does COVID start with dry cough? A cough can be an [early sign](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html) of COVID-19. Other signs include congestion, a fever and chills, fatigue, and changes in the sense of taste or smell. Is a dry cough serious? This will depend on the underlying cause. Often, a dry cough will pass with rest and hydration in around [3 weeks](https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/warning-signs-of-lung-disease/cough/learn-about-cough). However, COVID-19, strep throat, allergies, and GERD can all lead to complications if people do not receive treatment. If you have concerns about a dry cough or if a cough lasts longer than [8 weeks](https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/warning-signs-of-lung-disease/cough/learn-about-cough), it is best to seek medical advice. A dry cough is one that does not produce phlegm or mucus. Dry coughs are often temporary and rarely a cause for concern. However, a chronic, dry cough may be a symptom of an underlying condition, such as asthma or GERD. Treating the underlying cause is the best way of reducing the severity and frequency of chronic coughs. However, OTC remedies may also help relieve symptoms. People should see a doctor for dry coughs that do not get better or if they start to cough up blood.
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