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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 110 (from laksa113)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa110.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323666","crawl_time":1775015962,"first_indexed_time":1542219637,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,medicalnewstoday!www,\/articles\/323666 s443","src_root_hash":"5853625527623639710","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Anxiety medication: List, types, and side effects","meta_descriptions":["Learn about the types of anxiety medication and how they work, This article also looks at possible side effects, when to contact a doctor, and more."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"People with persistent anxiety may benefit from anxiety medications to help manage symptoms. A doctor can help decide on the most suitable option.\nThis article discusses the main types of anxiety medication and lists their risks and side effects.\nSeveral types of medication can treat the symptoms of\nanxiety\n. The Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) notes there are  of drugs for anxiety disorders.\nSerotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)\nSSRIs stop nerve cells in the brain from reabsorbing serotonin, a chemical that plays a vital role in mood regulation.\nExamples of SSRIs for anxiety include:\ncitalopram (\nCelexa\n)\nescitalopram (\nLexapro\n)\nfluoxetine\n(\nProzac\n)\nfluvoxamine (Luvox)\nparoxetine\n(\nPaxil\n, Pexeva)\nsertraline\n(\nZoloft\n)\nThese medications typically begin to take effect within\n2 to 6 weeks\n, but they may not work for everyone. People usually take SSRIs for 6 to 12 months to treat anxiety and then gradually reduce the dosage.\nThese drugs are not habit-forming, meaning that they do not usually lead to dependence.\nPeople should consult a doctor or physician before they start reducing or stopping their medication.\nSerotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)\nSNRIs\nare another class of antidepressants that can treat\ndepression\nand anxiety. Doctors may also prescribe them to treat some chronic pain conditions.\nThe\nADAA\nnotes that medical professionals also consider SNRIs to be the first-line treatment for anxiety. However, they are not as effective in treating OCD.\nThese medications work by reducing the brain’s reabsorption of the chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine.\nExamples of SNRIs for anxiety are:\nduloxetine (\nCymbalta\n)\nvenlafaxine\n(\nEffexor XR\n)\nAs with SSRIs, SNRIs can take several weeks to have an effect.\nTricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)\nTCAs\nare an older class of antidepressant. Although they may be effective for the treatment of depression and anxiety, doctors often prescribe SSRIs instead as they cause\nfewer\nadverse side effects.\nHowever, TCAs may be useful for some people, especially if other medications do not provide relief.\nThese medications work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine. This increases the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain.\nExamples of TCAs for anxiety include:\namitriptyline\n(\nElavil\n)\nimipramine (Tofranil)\nnortriptyline (Pamelor)\nBenzodiazepines\nBenzodiazepines are a type of sedative that reduces the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as tense muscles. These drugs also encourage relaxation, and their effects take place quickly.\nPeak levels in the blood occur\n1 to 2 hours\nafter a person takes their dose. People may feel the effects sooner than this.\nBenzodiazepines include:\nalprazolam (\nXanax\n)\nchlordiazepoxide (Librium)\ndiazepam (Valium)\nlorazepam (\nAtivan\n)\nAlthough they can be highly effective for short-term issues, doctors rarely prescribe benzodiazepines because they become less effective over time and can be addictive.\nDue to these risks, experts suggest that doctors do not prescribe the continuous use of benzodiazepines for more than\n6 months\n.\nSome people may take benzodiazepines to manage short-term anxiety. For example, people with a fear of flying may take them before a flight.\nAt times, people can take a benzodiazepine alongside an SSRI for\n2 to 4 weeks\nuntil the SSRI takes effect.\nMany other medications may help treat anxiety, although doctors usually only prescribe them if SSRIs or similar drugs do not work.\nBeta-blockers\nBeta-blockers reduce the effects of norepinephrine, meaning that they can relieve some of the physical symptoms of anxiety. Examples of beta-blockers include atenolol (\nTenormin\n) and\npropranolol\n(Inderal).\nBuspirone\nThis anti-anxiety medication\nmay treat\nshort- or long-term anxiety symptoms.\nBuspirone\n(BuSpar) works much more slowly than benzodiazepines and may not treat all types of anxiety disorders, but it causes fewer side effects and has a lower risk of dependency.\nMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)\nMAOIs\nare one of the earliest types of antidepressant. Doctors may prescribe them off-label to treat some types of anxiety, though they can\npotentially cause\nserious side effects, so doctors rarely prescribe them.\nTypes of MAOI include:\nisocarboxazid (Marplan)\nphenelzine (Nardil)\nselegiline (Emsam)\ntranylcypromine (Parnate)\nAntidepressants and other drugs for anxiety have the potential to cause side effects in some people. These often resolve after a few weeks, but it is crucial to contact a doctor if they are severe or do not subside.\nSome doctors\nmay recommend\ntaking anxiety medications with food to minimize side effects or taking them before bed if the drug does not interfere with sleep.\nThe side effects a person experiences may vary depending on the type of medication.\nSSRIs\nThe side effects of SSRIs can include:\nnausea\ndiarrhea\nconstipation\nloss of appetite\nblurry vision\ndizziness\ndrowsiness or\nfatigue\ndry mouth\nfeeling agitated or restless\nheadaches\nsexual difficulties or\nerectile dysfunction\nsleep problems\nSNRIs\nThe side effects of SNRIs are\nsimilar\nto those of SSRIs, and can include:\nconstipation\ndizziness\ndrowsiness or fatigue\ndry mouth\nheadaches\nincreased\nblood pressure\nloss of appetite\nnausea\nsexual problems or erectile dysfunction\nsleep problems\nsweating more than usual\nstomach aches\nTCAs\nSide effects vary among TCAs as they work in different ways. Possible side effects include:\nblurry vision\nconstipation\ndifficulty urinating\ndry mouth\ndrowsiness\nincrease in appetite\nlightheadedness\nlow blood pressure after standing up\nsexual problems or erectile dysfunction\nsweating more than usual\ntremors\nweight gain\nBenzodiazepines\nBenzodiazepines can cause several side effects, such as:\nblurry vision\nconfusion\ndizziness\ndrowsiness or fatigue\nheadaches\nloss of memory\nor concentration\nissues with\nbalance\n, coordination, or speech\nan upset stomach\nBenzodiazepines also carry certain risks. For example, they can cause physical dependence, even after a short period of use. Withdrawal from benzodiazepines\nmay lead to\n:\nanxiety and restlessness\ndepression\nsleep problems\nsweating\nseizures\nMore severe risks of benzodiazepines may\ninclude\n:\naddiction\ncognitive decline\nfractures\nmotor vehicle accidents as benzodiazepines\ncan affect\na person’s ability to drive\noverdose, especially in combination with\nopioid drugs\nor alcohol\nBeta-blockers\nPossible side effects of beta-blockers\ninclude\n:\ncold hands and feet\ndepression\ntiredness\nlow blood pressure\nshortness of breath\nsleep issues\nsexual problems\nPeople with\nasthma\nshould avoid beta-blockers. Individuals with\ndiabetes\nshould take them with caution and speak with a doctor about the possible risks.\nBuspirone\nblurry vision\ndiarrhea\ndizziness\ndrowsiness\ndry mouth\nfatigue\nheadaches\nmuscle pains\nnausea\nconfusion\nrestlessness or nervousness\nsleep problems\nsweating\nweakness\nMAOIs\nnausea\ndiarrhea\nconstipation\ndry mouth\ndizziness\ndrowsiness\nlightheadedness\ninsomnia\nThese medications also interact with several other drugs, as well as some foods and drinks. Anyone taking MAOIs should ask their doctor for a complete list of the medications, foods, and drinks they need to avoid.\nIn 2004, the FDA\nrequired\nall antidepressants to carry a black-boxed warning relating to the risk of suicide in children and young adults.\nA\ncommon type\nof therapy for anxiety is\ncognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)\n. This helps people to change their thoughts and behaviors by analyzing what may be causing them anxiety. CBT appears to be an effective form of therapy for treating anxiety disorders.\nThere are many other approaches to therapy, and what is right for one person may not work for someone else. People may wish to try a variety until they find what works for them.\nThere are many resources for people experiencing anxiety.\nThe first point of contact for people not in crisis should be a mental health professional or their primary care doctor. If someone is in crisis, they should seek immediate help, such as contacting 911.\nPeople may wish to contact the following organizations:\nThe National Alliance on Mental Illness\nHelpLine\nat\n1-800-950-6264\nor\nhelpline@nami.org\n.\nMental Health America for\nsupport\nand\nfurther resources\n.\nThe National Institute of Mental Health for\nhelp with mental health\n.\nIt is best for anyone experiencing symptoms of an anxiety disorder to contact a doctor. They may recommend therapy, medications, or a combination of both.\nTo diagnose an anxiety disorder, doctors will typically carry out a physical examination to check for any underlying conditions and ask a person about their symptoms.\nThey may also perform a psychological evaluation and compare the person’s symptoms to the\nAmerican Psychiatric Association’s\ncriteria for anxiety disorders.\nThere is no individual anxiety medication that works best for everybody, as each person’s symptoms will respond differently.\nAs with any medication, a person may experience side effects with any anxiety medication. Side effects may also be different for each person. However, SSRIs\ntypically\ncause fewer adverse side effects than TCAs.\nA person may require anxiety medication if they frequently experience symptoms of anxiety, such as restlessness, feeling on edge, racing thoughts, and difficulty concentrating. Before medication, A doctor may recommend other treatments, such as CBT or breathing exercises.\nSeveral types of medication can treat anxiety. The major classes of drugs for anxiety include SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and benzodiazepines.\nOther medications that may help include beta-blockers, buspirone, and MAOIs.\nA person’s doctor can help them find the right treatment plan for their needs. If a person notices any side effects from their medication, they should contact their doctor as soon as possible.\nTo alleviate side effects, a doctor may adjust the dosage slowly or recommend another medication or form of therapy. The doctor may also recommend a different drug or altering the dosage if symptoms of anxiety do not improve.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  Health Conditions\n  \n  - [Alzheimer's & Dementia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/alzheimers-and-dementia)\n  - [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/anxiety)\n  - [Asthma & Allergies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/asthma-and-allergies)\n  - [Atopic Dermatitis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/program\/investigating-atopic-dermatitis)\n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cancer)\n  - [Cardiovascular Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cardiovascular-health)\n  - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/coronavirus?correlationId=2b137d5a-dcfb-464e-9ea6-72c5a54b4e92)\n  - [Diabetes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/diabetes)\n  - [Endometriosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/endometriosis)\n  - [Environment & Sustainability](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/environment-and-sustainability)\n  - [Exercise & Fitness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/exercise-and-fitness)\n  - [Eye Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/eye-health)\n  - [Headache & Migraine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/headache-and-migraine)\n  - [Health Equity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/health-equity)\n  - [HIV & AIDS](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/hiv-and-aids)\n  - [Human Biology](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/human-biology)\n  - [Leukemia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/leukemia)\n  - [LGBTQIA+](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/LGBTQIA)\n  - [Men's Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/mens-health)\n  - [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/mental-health)\n  - [Multiple Sclerosis (MS)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/multiple-sclerosis)\n  - [Nutrition](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/nutrition)\n  - [Parkinson's Disease](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/parkinsons-disease)\n  - [Psoriasis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/psoriasis)\n  - 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[Triggers](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326134)\n  - [Caffeine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-and-caffeine)\n  - [Long COVID](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/long-covid-anxiety)\n- ### Home Remedies\n  Home Remedies\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Home Remedies Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322396)\n  - [Homeopathic Treatment](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/327011)\n  - [Herbs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/herbs-for-anxiety)\n  - [Magnesium](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-magnesium-supplements-for-anxiety)\n  - [Melatonin](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/does-melatonin-help-with-anxiety)\n  - [Passionflower](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323795)\n  - [Saffron](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/saffron-for-anxiety)\n  - [Ear seeds](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ear-seeds-for-anxiety)\n  - [Hemp Oil](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/hemp-oil-for-anxiety)\n  - [Fidget Toys](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/fidget-toys-for-anxiety)\n  - [Best Supplements](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/supplements-for-anxiety)\n  - [Weighted Blankets](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/317037)\n  - [Valerian Root](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/318088)\n  - [Benadryl](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/does-benadryl-help-with-anxiety)\n  - [Kratom](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-kratom-for-anxiety)\n  - [Acupuncture](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/acupuncture-for-anxiety)\n- ### Management\n  Management\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Management Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326115)\n  - [EFT Tapping](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326434)\n  - [Without Medication](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-to-treat-anxiety-without-medication)\n  - [How to Stop a Panic Attack](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321510)\n  - [4-7-8 Breathing](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/324417)\n  - [Foods that Help](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322652)\n  - [Ease Throat Tightness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-to-relax-throat-muscles-anxiety)\n  - [Service Dogs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322784)\n  - [Sour Candy for Panic Attacks](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/sour-candy-and-anxiety)\n  - [Breathing Exercises](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/breathing-exercises-for-anxiety)\n  - [Journaling](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-to-journal-for-anxiety)\n  - [Disability Benefits](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-anxiety-a-disability)\n  - [Exercises](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-exercises)\n  - [333 Rule](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/333-rule)\n  - [Mindfulness Meditation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/mindfulness-meditation-for-anxiety)\n  - [Box Breathing](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/318973)\n  - [Support Groups](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-support-groups)\n  - [Coping Tips](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/7603)\n  - [Best Books](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-books)\n  - [Mantras](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/mantras-for-anxiety)\n  - [Support During Panic Attack](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-to-help-someone-who-is-having-a-panic-attack)\n  - [Coping Methods](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-to-cope-with-anxiety)\n  - [Yoga](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-yoga)\n  - [In Black Communities](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/black-anxiety)\n  - [Drawing](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-and-drawing)\n  - [Best Jobs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/jobs-for-people-with-anxiety)\n  - [Affirmations](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/affirmations-for-anxiety)\n  - [Sleep Tips](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-to-fall-asleep-with-anxiety)\n  - [Support for Children](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-to-help-kids-with-anxiety)\n- ### Prognosis\n  Prognosis\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Outlook Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-long-does-anxiety-last)\n  - [Is It Fatal?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-you-die-from-a-panic-attack)\n  - [What Makes It Worse](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/why-is-my-anxiety-so-bad)\n  - [Does Everyone Have Anxiety?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/does-everyone-have-anxiety)\n- ### Symptoms\n  Symptoms\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Symptoms Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322510)\n  - [Anxiety-Avoidance Cycle](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-avoidance)\n  - [Shortness of Breath](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326831)\n  - [Anxiety Attack](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/307863)\n  - [Dizziness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-and-dizziness)\n  - [Brain Fog](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-and-brain-fog)\n  - [Rash](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-rash)\n  - [Itching](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-itching)\n  - [Jaw Tension](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/jaw-tension-anxiety)\n  - [Panic vs. Anxiety Attack](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321798)\n  - [Facial Numbness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/facial-numbness-and-anxiety)\n  - [Lip Biting](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322093)\n  - [Heart Palpitations](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-with-heart-palpitations)\n  - [Shaking](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-shaking)\n  - [Numbness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-anxiety-cause-numbness)\n  - [Fatigue](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-and-fatigue)\n  - [Physical Symptoms](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/physical-symptoms-of-anxiety)\n  - [Appetite Changes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/327437)\n  - [Headache](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-headaches)\n  - [Nervous Breakdown](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321018)\n  - [Tongue Tingling](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tingling-tongue-and-anxiety)\n  - [Nausea](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326391)\n- ### Treatment\n  Treatment\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Treatment Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323494)\n  - [Anxiety Medications](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323666)\n  - [Beta-Blockers](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326397)\n  - [Medication for Anxiety and Depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/which-medications-are-best-for-anxiety-and-depression)\n  - [Xanax](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-xanax)\n  - [Ativan](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326015)\n  - [Propranolol](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-quickly-does-propranolol-work-for-anxiety)\n  - [Hydroxyzine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-hydroxyzine-oral-tablet)\n  - [Clonazepam](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/clonazepam-oral-tablet)\n  - [Diazepam](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/diazepam-oral-tablet)\n  - [Ketamine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ketamine-for-anxiety)\n  - [Buspar](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/buspar-side-effects)\n  - [Social Anxiety Medication](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-medication-for-social-anxiety)\n  - [Antipsychotics](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/antipsychotics-for-anxiety)\n  - [Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tms-for-anxiety)\n  - [Best Online CBT Platforms](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cbt-for-anxiety)\n- ### Types\n  Types\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Types Overview](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-to-overcome-anxiety)\n  - [In the Morning](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325808)\n  - [Separation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322070)\n  - [Driving](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/driving-anxiety)\n  - [Anticipatory](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anticipatory-anxiety)\n  - [Debilitating](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/debilitating-anxiety)\n  - [Parental](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/parental-anxiety)\n  - [Hyperstimulation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/hyperstimulation-anxiety)\n  - [Panic Disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/8872)\n  - [Generalized Anxiety Disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326416)\n  - [Existential](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/existential-anxiety)\n  - [Travel](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/travel-anxiety)\n  - [Social](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/176891)\n  - [Trait vs. State Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/trait-anxiety)\n  - [Situational](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/situational-anxiety)\n  - [Political](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/political-anxiety)\n  - [Hospital](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/hospital-anxiety)\n  - [Types of Social Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/types-of-social-anxiety)\n  - [Eco-Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/327354)\n  - [Pathological](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/pathological-anxiety-definition-causes-and-symptoms)\n  - [Free-Floating](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/free-floating-anxiety)\n  - [Anxiety Disorders](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/types-of-anxiety)\n  - [Anxiety in Children](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-in-children)\n  - [High Functioning](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/high-functioning-anxiety)\n  - [Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/health-anxiety)\n  - [Before Period](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-before-period)\n  - [Dating](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/dating-anxiety)\n  - [School](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/school-anxiety)\n  - [Friendship](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/friendship-anxiety)\n  - [Surgery](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/surgery-anxiety)\n  - [At Night](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-at-night)\n  - [Dental](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-to-know-about-dental-anxiety)\n  - [In Males](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-in-men-fighting-stereotypes)\n  - [Hangover](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/hangover-anxiety)\n  - [Test](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/test-anxiety-tips)\n  - [Gym](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/gym-anxiety)\n- ### Complications\n  Complications\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Left Arm Pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/left-arm-pain-from-anxiety)\n  - [Hot Flashes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-hot-flashes)\n  - [Acid Reflux](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/acid-reflux-and-anxiety)\n  - [Anxiety Poop](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-poop)\n  - [Atrial Fibrillation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/can-anxiety-cause-atrial-fibrillation)\n  - [Inflammation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-and-inflammation-is-there-a-link)\n  - [Anxiety Dreams](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-dreams)\n- ### Related Conditions\n  Related Conditions\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Vs. Depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-vs-depression)\n  - [Psychosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-psychosis)\n  - [Vs. Stress](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/stress-vs-anxiety)\n  - [Tinnitus](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ringing-in-ears-anxiety)\n  - [Panic vs. Heart Attack](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322797)\n  - [AVPD vs. Social Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/avpd-vs-social-anxiety)\n  - [Vs. Paranoia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/paranoia-vs-anxiety)\n  - [Adjustment Disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/adjustment-disorder-with-anxiety)\n\n# Everything you need to know about anxiety medications\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/04\/Nicole_Washington_500x500_Med_Reviewer_Photos_v2.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Nicole Washington, DO, MPH]() — Written by [Jayne Leonard]() and [Hana Ames]() —  [Updated on May 20, 2025]()\n\n- [Types of anxiety medication](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323666#types-of-anxiety-medication)\n- [Other anxiety medications](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323666#other-anxiety-medications)\n- [Side effects](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323666#side-effects)\n- [Suicide risk and antidepressants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323666#suicide-risk-and-antidepressants)\n- [Home remedies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323666#home-remedies)\n- [Alternatives](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323666#alternatives)\n- [Support](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323666#support)\n- [Contacting a doctor](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323666#contacting-a-doctor)\n- [FAQ](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323666#faq)\n- [Summary](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323666#summary)\n\n### Key takeaways\n- Several types of anxiety medications are available, including SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and benzodiazepines; a doctor can help determine the most appropriate choice.\n- While generally effective, anxiety medications can cause side effects, which vary depending on the specific drug; consulting with a doctor is crucial for managing these effects.\n- Beyond medication, lifestyle changes such as home remedies and alternative treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can also help manage anxiety.\n\nPeople with persistent anxiety may benefit from anxiety medications to help manage symptoms. A doctor can help decide on the most suitable option.\n\nThis article discusses the main types of anxiety medication and lists their risks and side effects.\n\n## [What are the four main types of anti-anxiety medications?]()\n![A person is holding a pill box.](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/11\/pill-box-anxiety-medications-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg)\n\n[Share on Pinterest](https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F323666&media=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.post.rvohealth.io%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2023%2F11%2Fpill-box-anxiety-medications-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg&description=Anxiety%20medication%3A%20List%2C%20types%2C%20and%20side%20effects \"Share on Pinterest\")\n\nMaksim Tarasov\/Stocksy\n\nSeveral types of medication can treat the symptoms of [anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323454). The Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) notes there are of drugs for anxiety disorders.\n\n### Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)\nAlthough SSRIs are a type of [antidepressant](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248320), doctors can prescribe them to people with anxiety and [obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/178508.php \"What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?\").\n\nAccording to *a 2022 article,* doctors consider SSRIs to be the [first-line drug treatment](https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2022\/0800\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-panic-disorder.html) for [generalized anxiety disorder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326416).\n\nSSRIs stop nerve cells in the brain from reabsorbing serotonin, a chemical that plays a vital role in mood regulation.\n\nExamples of SSRIs for anxiety include:\n\n- citalopram ([Celexa](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/celexa))\n- escitalopram ([Lexapro](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/lexapro-side-effects))\n- [fluoxetine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322413) ([Prozac](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/263773))\n- fluvoxamine (Luvox)\n- [paroxetine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323192) ([Paxil](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325996), Pexeva)\n- [sertraline](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325632) ([Zoloft](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326268))\n\nThese medications typically begin to take effect within [2 to 6 weeks](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279594\/), but they may not work for everyone. People usually take SSRIs for 6 to 12 months to treat anxiety and then gradually reduce the dosage.\n\nThese drugs are not habit-forming, meaning that they do not usually lead to dependence.\n\nPeople should consult a doctor or physician before they start reducing or stopping their medication.\n\n### Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)\n[SNRIs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/snri) are another class of antidepressants that can treat [depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/8933) and anxiety. Doctors may also prescribe them to treat some chronic pain conditions.\n\nThe [ADAA](https:\/\/adaa.org\/find-help\/treatment-help\/medication-options) notes that medical professionals also consider SNRIs to be the first-line treatment for anxiety. However, they are not as effective in treating OCD.\n\nThese medications work by reducing the brain’s reabsorption of the chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine.\n\nExamples of SNRIs for anxiety are:\n\n- duloxetine ([Cymbalta](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cymbalta))\n- [venlafaxine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/263705) ([Effexor XR](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326678))\n\nAs with SSRIs, SNRIs can take several weeks to have an effect.\n\n**»Discover:**[The differences between SSRIs and SNRIs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ssri-vs-snri)\n\n### Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)\n[TCAs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tricyclic-antidepressants) are an older class of antidepressant. Although they may be effective for the treatment of depression and anxiety, doctors often prescribe SSRIs instead as they cause [fewer](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/) adverse side effects.\n\nHowever, TCAs may be useful for some people, especially if other medications do not provide relief.\n\nThese medications work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine. This increases the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain.\n\nExamples of TCAs for anxiety include:\n\n- [amitriptyline](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325726) ([Elavil](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325799))\n- imipramine (Tofranil)\n- nortriptyline (Pamelor)\n### Benzodiazepines\nBenzodiazepines are a type of sedative that reduces the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as tense muscles. These drugs also encourage relaxation, and their effects take place quickly.\n\nPeak levels in the blood occur [1 to 2 hours](https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388e249d-b9b6-44c3-9f8f-880eced0239f) after a person takes their dose. People may feel the effects sooner than this.\n\nBenzodiazepines include:\n\n- alprazolam ([Xanax](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326488))\n- chlordiazepoxide (Librium)\n- diazepam (Valium)\n- lorazepam ([Ativan](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326015))\n\nAlthough they can be highly effective for short-term issues, doctors rarely prescribe benzodiazepines because they become less effective over time and can be addictive.\n\nDue to these risks, experts suggest that doctors do not prescribe the continuous use of benzodiazepines for more than [6 months](https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2772339).\n\nSome people may take benzodiazepines to manage short-term anxiety. For example, people with a fear of flying may take them before a flight.\n\nAt times, people can take a benzodiazepine alongside an SSRI for [2 to 4 weeks](https:\/\/adaa.org\/learn-from-us\/from-the-experts\/blog-posts\/consumer\/ssris-and-benzodiazepines-general-anxiety) until the SSRI takes effect.\n\n**»Learn more:**[Benefits and risks of benzodiazepines](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/262809)\n\n## [Other medications for anxiety]()\nMany other medications may help treat anxiety, although doctors usually only prescribe them if SSRIs or similar drugs do not work.\n\n### Beta-blockers\n[Beta-blockers](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/173068.php \"What you need to know about beta-blockers\") are a common medication for people with [high blood pressure](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/159283.php \"What to know about high blood pressure\") and heart conditions. However, doctors [may prescribe them](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9456064\/) off-label for anxiety in certain situations.\n\nBeta-blockers reduce the effects of norepinephrine, meaning that they can relieve some of the physical symptoms of anxiety. Examples of beta-blockers include atenolol ([Tenormin](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tenormin)) and [propranolol](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/316061) (Inderal).\n\n### Buspirone\nThis anti-anxiety medication [may treat](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK531477\/) short- or long-term anxiety symptoms.\n\n[Buspirone](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-buspirone-oral-tablet) (BuSpar) works much more slowly than benzodiazepines and may not treat all types of anxiety disorders, but it causes fewer side effects and has a lower risk of dependency.\n\n### Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)\n[MAOIs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/maois) are one of the earliest types of antidepressant. Doctors may prescribe them off-label to treat some types of anxiety, though they can [potentially cause](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments\/medicines-and-psychiatry\/antidepressants\/overview\/) serious side effects, so doctors rarely prescribe them.\n\nTypes of MAOI include:\n\n- isocarboxazid (Marplan)\n- phenelzine (Nardil)\n- selegiline (Emsam)\n- tranylcypromine (Parnate)\n\n## [Side effects]()\nAntidepressants and other drugs for anxiety have the potential to cause side effects in some people. These often resolve after a few weeks, but it is crucial to contact a doctor if they are severe or do not subside.\n\nSome doctors [may recommend](https:\/\/adaa.org\/find-help\/treatment-help\/medication-options) taking anxiety medications with food to minimize side effects or taking them before bed if the drug does not interfere with sleep.\n\nThe side effects a person experiences may vary depending on the type of medication.\n\n### SSRIs\nThe side effects of SSRIs can include:\n\n- nausea\n- [diarrhea](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/158634)\n- [constipation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/150322)\n- [loss of appetite](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/324011)\n- blurry vision\n- [dizziness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325251)\n- drowsiness or [fatigue](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248002.php \"Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?\")\n- [dry mouth](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/187640.php \"Everything you need to know about dry mouth\")\n- feeling agitated or restless\n- [headaches](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/73936.php \"What is causing this headache?\")\n- sexual difficulties or [erectile dysfunction](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/5702.php \"What's to know about erectile dysfunction?\")\n- sleep problems\n### SNRIs\nThe side effects of SNRIs are [similar](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments\/medicines-and-psychiatry\/antidepressants\/side-effects\/) to those of SSRIs, and can include:\n\n- constipation\n- dizziness\n- drowsiness or fatigue\n- dry mouth\n- headaches\n- increased [blood pressure](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/270644.php \"What is a normal blood pressure?\")\n- loss of appetite\n- nausea\n- sexual problems or erectile dysfunction\n- sleep problems\n- [sweating more than usual](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/182130)\n- stomach aches\n### TCAs\nSide effects vary among TCAs as they work in different ways. Possible side effects include:\n\n- blurry vision\n- constipation\n- [difficulty urinating](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321087)\n- dry mouth\n- drowsiness\n- [increase in appetite](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/increased-appetite)\n- [lightheadedness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323717)\n- low blood pressure after standing up\n- sexual problems or erectile dysfunction\n- sweating more than usual\n- [tremors](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/body-tremors)\n- weight gain\n### Benzodiazepines\nBenzodiazepines can cause several side effects, such as:\n\n- blurry vision\n- confusion\n- dizziness\n- drowsiness or fatigue\n- headaches\n- [loss of memory](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/memory-loss) or concentration\n- issues with [balance](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/balance-problems), coordination, or speech\n- an upset stomach\n\nBenzodiazepines also carry certain risks. For example, they can cause physical dependence, even after a short period of use. Withdrawal from benzodiazepines [may lead to](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-requiring-boxed-warning-updated-improve-safe-use-benzodiazepine-drug-class):\n\n- anxiety and restlessness\n- depression\n- sleep problems\n- sweating\n- seizures\n\nMore severe risks of benzodiazepines may [include](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8629021\/):\n\n- [addiction](http:\/\/medicalnewstoday.com\/info\/addiction\/)\n- cognitive decline\n- [fractures](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/173312.php \"What is a fracture?\")\n- motor vehicle accidents as benzodiazepines\n  [can affect](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5099559\/)\n  a person’s ability to drive\n- overdose, especially in combination with [opioid drugs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-are-opioids) or alcohol\n### Beta-blockers\nPossible side effects of beta-blockers [include](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/beta-blockers\/):\n\n- cold hands and feet\n- depression\n- tiredness\n- [low blood pressure](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/159609)\n- [shortness of breath](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/314963)\n- sleep issues\n- sexual problems\n\nPeople with [asthma](http:\/\/medicalnewstoday.com\/info\/asthma\/) should avoid beta-blockers. Individuals with [diabetes](http:\/\/medicalnewstoday.com\/info\/diabetes\/) should take them with caution and speak with a doctor about the possible risks.\n\n### Buspirone\nThe side effects of buspirone [may include](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/druginfo\/meds\/a688005.html):\n\n- blurry vision\n- diarrhea\n- dizziness\n- drowsiness\n- dry mouth\n- fatigue\n- headaches\n- muscle pains\n- nausea\n- confusion\n- restlessness or nervousness\n- sleep problems\n- sweating\n- weakness\n### MAOIs\nSome [common side effects](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK539848\/) of MAOIs include:\n\n- nausea\n- diarrhea\n- constipation\n- dry mouth\n- dizziness\n- drowsiness\n- lightheadedness\n- insomnia\n\nThese medications also interact with several other drugs, as well as some foods and drinks. Anyone taking MAOIs should ask their doctor for a complete list of the medications, foods, and drinks they need to avoid.\n\n## [Suicide risk and antidepressants]()\nIn 2004, the FDA [required](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers\/suicidality-children-and-adolescents-being-treated-antidepressant-medications) all antidepressants to carry a black-boxed warning relating to the risk of suicide in children and young adults.\n\nPeople [under 25 years](https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00294\/full) of age may experience an increase in [suicidal thoughts](http:\/\/medicalnewstoday.com\/kc\/suicidal-thoughts-ideation-193026) and behaviors while taking antidepressants.\n\n### Help is out there\nIf you or someone you know is in crisis and considering suicide or self-harm, please seek support:\n\n- Call or text the [988 Lifeline](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/) at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org. Caring counselors are available to listen and provide free and confidential support 24\/7.\n- Text HOME to the [Crisis Text Line](https:\/\/www.crisistextline.org\/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIsPDQrdXH5wIVBRx9Ch1YdQjIEAAYASAAEgJ_1_D_BwE) at 741741 to connect with a volunteer crisis counselor for free and confidential support 24\/7.\n- Not in the United States? Find a helpline in your country with [Befrienders Worldwide](https:\/\/www.befrienders.org\/).\n- Call 911 or your local emergency services number if you feel safe to do so.\n\nIf you’re calling on behalf of someone else, stay with them until help arrives. You may remove weapons or substances that can cause harm if you can do so safely.\n\nIf you’re not in the same household, stay on the phone with them until help arrives.\n\n## [Home remedies for anxiety]()\nA person may wish to try the [following](https:\/\/www.mind.org.uk\/information-support\/types-of-mental-health-problems\/anxiety-and-panic-attacks\/self-care\/) remedies to help treat anxiety:\n\n- [breathing exercises](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/breathing-techniques)\n- [meditation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/320392)\n- [physical exercise](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-does-exercise-reduce-stress)\n- [yoga](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/anxiety-yoga)\n- [acupuncture](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/6-pressure-points-for-anxiety)\n\nSome people may experience relief from anxiety through hobbies, such as painting or playing music.\n\nThere is also evidence to suggest that spending time with pets [may be beneficial](https:\/\/bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12888-018-1613-2) to people with a variety of mental health issues, including anxiety.\n\n**»Learn more:**[Treating anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323454#treatment)\n\n## [Alternative treatments]()\nA [common type](https:\/\/focus.psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.focus.20200045) of therapy for anxiety is [cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/296579). This helps people to change their thoughts and behaviors by analyzing what may be causing them anxiety. CBT appears to be an effective form of therapy for treating anxiety disorders.\n\nThere are many other approaches to therapy, and what is right for one person may not work for someone else. People may wish to try a variety until they find what works for them.\n\n**»Learn more:**[Types of therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/types-of-therapy)\n\n## [Mental health support]()\nThere are many resources for people experiencing anxiety.\n\nThe first point of contact for people not in crisis should be a mental health professional or their primary care doctor. If someone is in crisis, they should seek immediate help, such as contacting 911.\n\nPeople may wish to contact the following organizations:\n\n- The National Alliance on Mental Illness [HelpLine](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/help) at [1-800-950-6264](tel:18009506264) or [helpline@nami.org](mailto:helpline@nami.org).\n- Mental Health America for [support](https:\/\/mhanational.org\/im-looking-mental-health-help-myself) and [further resources](https:\/\/mhanational.org\/crisisresources).\n- The National Institute of Mental Health for\n  [help with mental health](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/find-help)\n  .\n\n## [When to contact a doctor]()\nIt is best for anyone experiencing symptoms of an anxiety disorder to contact a doctor. They may recommend therapy, medications, or a combination of both.\n\nTo diagnose an anxiety disorder, doctors will typically carry out a physical examination to check for any underlying conditions and ask a person about their symptoms.\n\nThey may also perform a psychological evaluation and compare the person’s symptoms to the [American Psychiatric Association’s](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519704\/table\/ch3.t15\/) criteria for anxiety disorders.\n\n## [Frequently asked questions]()\n### What is the most used drug for anxiety?\nSSRIs and SNRIs are [first-line treatment](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7786299\/) medications for anxiety.\n\nSSRIs and SNRIs are [first-line treatment](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7786299\/) medications for anxiety.\n\n### What is the best drug to relieve anxiety?\nThere is no individual anxiety medication that works best for everybody, as each person’s symptoms will respond differently.\n\nThere is no individual anxiety medication that works best for everybody, as each person’s symptoms will respond differently.\n\n### What is the best anxiety medication with the fewest side effects?\nAs with any medication, a person may experience side effects with any anxiety medication. Side effects may also be different for each person. However, SSRIs [typically](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/) cause fewer adverse side effects than TCAs.\n\nAs with any medication, a person may experience side effects with any anxiety medication. Side effects may also be different for each person. However, SSRIs [typically](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/) cause fewer adverse side effects than TCAs.\n\n### How do I know if I need anxiety medication?\nA person may require anxiety medication if they frequently experience symptoms of anxiety, such as restlessness, feeling on edge, racing thoughts, and difficulty concentrating. Before medication, A doctor may recommend other treatments, such as CBT or breathing exercises.\n\nA person may require anxiety medication if they frequently experience symptoms of anxiety, such as restlessness, feeling on edge, racing thoughts, and difficulty concentrating. Before medication, A doctor may recommend other treatments, such as CBT or breathing exercises.\n\n## [Summary]()\nSeveral types of medication can treat anxiety. The major classes of drugs for anxiety include SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and benzodiazepines.\n\nOther medications that may help include beta-blockers, buspirone, and MAOIs.\n\nA person’s doctor can help them find the right treatment plan for their needs. If a person notices any side effects from their medication, they should contact their doctor as soon as possible.\n\nTo alleviate side effects, a doctor may adjust the dosage slowly or recommend another medication or form of therapy. The doctor may also recommend a different drug or altering the dosage if symptoms of anxiety do not improve.\n\n- [Anxiety \/ Stress](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/anxiety)\n- [Pharmacy \/ Pharmacist](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/pharmacy)\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nMedical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/process).\n\n- Anxiety and panic attacks. (2021).  \n  <https:\/\/www.mind.org.uk\/information-support\/types-of-mental-health-problems\/anxiety-and-panic-attacks\/self-care\/>\n- Brooks HL, et al. (2018). The power of support from companion animals for people living with mental health problems: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence.  \n  <https:\/\/bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12888-018-1613-2>\n- Buspirone. (2019).  \n  <https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/druginfo\/meds\/a688005.html>\n- Curtiss JE, et al. (2021). Cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety and stress-related disorders.  \n  <https:\/\/focus.psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.focus.20200045>\n- Degeorge KC, et al. (2022). Generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults.  \n  <https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2022\/0800\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-panic-disorder.html>\n- Edinoff AN, et al. (2021). Benzodiazepines: Uses, dangers, and clinical considerations.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8629021\/>\n- FDA requiring boxed warning updated to improve safe use of benzodiazepine drug class. (2020).  \n  <https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-requiring-boxed-warning-updated-improve-safe-use-benzodiazepine-drug-class>\n- Fornaro M, et al. (2019). The FDA \"black box\" warning on antidepressant suicide risk in young adults: More harm than benefits?  \n  <https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00294\/full>\n- Gomez AF, et al. (2020). SSRIs and benzodiazepines for general anxiety disorders (GAD).  \n  <https:\/\/adaa.org\/learn-from-us\/from-the-experts\/blog-posts\/consumer\/ssris-and-benzodiazepines-general-anxiety>\n- Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health \\[Internet\\]. (2016).  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519704\/table\/ch3.t15\/>\n- Laban TS, et al. (2023). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI).  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK539848\/>\n- Label: Xanax-alprazolam tablet. (2023).  \n  <https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388e249d-b9b6-44c3-9f8f-880eced0239f>\n- Medication options. (2024).  \n  <https:\/\/adaa.org\/find-help\/treatment-help\/medication-options>\n- Moraczewski J, et al. (2023). Tricyclic antidepressants.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/>\n- Orriols L, et al. (2016). Road traffic crash risk associated with benzodiazepine and z‐hypnotic use after implementation of a colour‐graded pictogram: A responsibility study.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5099559\/>\n- Overview – antidepressants. (2021).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments\/medicines-and-psychiatry\/antidepressants\/overview\/>\n- Suicidality in children and adolescents being treated with antidepressant medications. (2018).  \n  <https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers\/suicidality-children-and-adolescents-being-treated-antidepressant-medications>\n- Szeleszczuk Ł, et al. (2022). Propranolol versus other selected drugs in the treatment of various types of anxiety or stress, with particular reference to stage fright and post-traumatic stress disorder.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9456064\/>\n- Taipale H, et al. (2020). Incidence of and characteristics associated with long-term benzodiazepine use in Finland.  \n  <https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2772339>\n- Treatment – generalised anxiety disorder in adults. (2024).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/generalised-anxiety-disorder\/treatment\/>\n- Treatment options for generalized anxiety disorder. (2024).  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279594\/>\n- Wilson TK, et al. (2023). Buspirone.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK531477\/>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/04\/Nicole_Washington_500x500_Med_Reviewer_Photos_v2.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Nicole Washington, DO, MPH]() — Written by [Jayne Leonard]() and [Hana Ames]() —  [Updated on May 20, 2025]()\n\n## Latest news\n- [9 steps to improve heart health, per new dietary guidance from AHA](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9-steps-improve-heart-health-diet-guidance-aha)\n- [AI model can accurately predict liver cancer risk, study suggests](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ai-model-accurately-predict-liver-cancer-risk)\n- [AI-powered stroke tool linked to improved patient outcomes in large clinical trial](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ai-powered-stroke-tool-linked-improved-patient-outcomes-large-clinical-trial)\n- [Eating same meals on repeat, and more at weekends may help you lose more weight](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/eating-same-meals-repeat-more-weekends-may-help-lose-more-weight)\n- [Cooking at least one meal at home weekly may cut dementia risk by up to 67%](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cooking-at-least-one-meal-at-home-weekly-may-cut-dementia-risk)\n\n### Related Coverage\n- [Beta-blockers for anxiety: What to know](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326397?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Zara Risoldi Cochrane, Pharm.D., M.S., FASCP](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n  \n  [Beta-blockers are a type of medication that can treat heart conditions. Some doctors also prescribe them to ease the symptoms of anxiety. Learn more…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326397?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326397?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What are the best medications to treat generalized anxiety disorder?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-medication-for-generalized-anxiety-disorder?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Doctors may prescribe medications such as antidepressants to treat generalized anxiety disorder. Learn more here.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-medication-for-generalized-anxiety-disorder?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-medication-for-generalized-anxiety-disorder?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Everything to know about medications for social anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-medication-for-social-anxiety?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Nicole Washington, DO, MPH](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n  \n  [Learn here about which medications can help people manage the symptoms of social anxiety disorder and prevent severe complications.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-medication-for-social-anxiety?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-medication-for-social-anxiety?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [How to safely medicate for anxiety alongside heart issues](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-anxiety-medication-for-heart-patients?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Nicole Washington, DO, MPH](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n  \n  [Anxiety and heart conditions may occur together. Learn about the best anxiety medications for heart patients, how they work, and possible side effects](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-anxiety-medication-for-heart-patients?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/best-anxiety-medication-for-heart-patients?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Drinking 2 to 3 cups of coffee may reduce stress-related conditions, study suggests](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/2-3-cups-coffee-daily-reduce-stress-conditions-anxiety-depression?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [A new study suggests that roughly 2 to 3 cups a day could help reduce the risk of stress-related disorders but more than that may have an opposite…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/2-3-cups-coffee-daily-reduce-stress-conditions-anxiety-depression?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/2-3-cups-coffee-daily-reduce-stress-conditions-anxiety-depression?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. 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Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"People with persistent anxiety may benefit from anxiety medications to help manage symptoms. A doctor can help decide on the most suitable option.\n\nThis article discusses the main types of anxiety medication and lists their risks and side effects.\n\nSeveral types of medication can treat the symptoms of [anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323454). The Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) notes there are of drugs for anxiety disorders.\n\nSerotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)\n\nSSRIs stop nerve cells in the brain from reabsorbing serotonin, a chemical that plays a vital role in mood regulation.\n\nExamples of SSRIs for anxiety include:\n\n- citalopram ([Celexa](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/celexa))\n- escitalopram ([Lexapro](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/lexapro-side-effects))\n- [fluoxetine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322413) ([Prozac](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/263773))\n- fluvoxamine (Luvox)\n- [paroxetine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323192) ([Paxil](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325996), Pexeva)\n- [sertraline](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325632) ([Zoloft](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326268))\n\nThese medications typically begin to take effect within [2 to 6 weeks](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279594\/), but they may not work for everyone. People usually take SSRIs for 6 to 12 months to treat anxiety and then gradually reduce the dosage.\n\nThese drugs are not habit-forming, meaning that they do not usually lead to dependence.\n\nPeople should consult a doctor or physician before they start reducing or stopping their medication.\n\nSerotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)\n\n[SNRIs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/snri) are another class of antidepressants that can treat [depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/8933) and anxiety. Doctors may also prescribe them to treat some chronic pain conditions.\n\nThe [ADAA](https:\/\/adaa.org\/find-help\/treatment-help\/medication-options) notes that medical professionals also consider SNRIs to be the first-line treatment for anxiety. However, they are not as effective in treating OCD.\n\nThese medications work by reducing the brain’s reabsorption of the chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine.\n\nExamples of SNRIs for anxiety are:\n\n- duloxetine ([Cymbalta](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cymbalta))\n- [venlafaxine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/263705) ([Effexor XR](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326678))\n\nAs with SSRIs, SNRIs can take several weeks to have an effect.\n\nTricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)\n\n[TCAs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tricyclic-antidepressants) are an older class of antidepressant. Although they may be effective for the treatment of depression and anxiety, doctors often prescribe SSRIs instead as they cause [fewer](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/) adverse side effects.\n\nHowever, TCAs may be useful for some people, especially if other medications do not provide relief.\n\nThese medications work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine. This increases the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain.\n\nExamples of TCAs for anxiety include:\n\n- [amitriptyline](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325726) ([Elavil](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325799))\n- imipramine (Tofranil)\n- nortriptyline (Pamelor)\n\nBenzodiazepines\n\nBenzodiazepines are a type of sedative that reduces the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as tense muscles. These drugs also encourage relaxation, and their effects take place quickly.\n\nPeak levels in the blood occur [1 to 2 hours](https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388e249d-b9b6-44c3-9f8f-880eced0239f) after a person takes their dose. People may feel the effects sooner than this.\n\nBenzodiazepines include:\n\n- alprazolam ([Xanax](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326488))\n- chlordiazepoxide (Librium)\n- diazepam (Valium)\n- lorazepam ([Ativan](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326015))\n\nAlthough they can be highly effective for short-term issues, doctors rarely prescribe benzodiazepines because they become less effective over time and can be addictive.\n\nDue to these risks, experts suggest that doctors do not prescribe the continuous use of benzodiazepines for more than [6 months](https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2772339).\n\nSome people may take benzodiazepines to manage short-term anxiety. For example, people with a fear of flying may take them before a flight.\n\nAt times, people can take a benzodiazepine alongside an SSRI for [2 to 4 weeks](https:\/\/adaa.org\/learn-from-us\/from-the-experts\/blog-posts\/consumer\/ssris-and-benzodiazepines-general-anxiety) until the SSRI takes effect.\n\nMany other medications may help treat anxiety, although doctors usually only prescribe them if SSRIs or similar drugs do not work.\n\nBeta-blockers\n\nBeta-blockers reduce the effects of norepinephrine, meaning that they can relieve some of the physical symptoms of anxiety. Examples of beta-blockers include atenolol ([Tenormin](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/tenormin)) and [propranolol](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/316061) (Inderal).\n\nBuspirone\n\nThis anti-anxiety medication [may treat](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK531477\/) short- or long-term anxiety symptoms.\n\n[Buspirone](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/drugs-buspirone-oral-tablet) (BuSpar) works much more slowly than benzodiazepines and may not treat all types of anxiety disorders, but it causes fewer side effects and has a lower risk of dependency.\n\nMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)\n\n[MAOIs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/maois) are one of the earliest types of antidepressant. Doctors may prescribe them off-label to treat some types of anxiety, though they can [potentially cause](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments\/medicines-and-psychiatry\/antidepressants\/overview\/) serious side effects, so doctors rarely prescribe them.\n\nTypes of MAOI include:\n\n- isocarboxazid (Marplan)\n- phenelzine (Nardil)\n- selegiline (Emsam)\n- tranylcypromine (Parnate)\n\nAntidepressants and other drugs for anxiety have the potential to cause side effects in some people. These often resolve after a few weeks, but it is crucial to contact a doctor if they are severe or do not subside.\n\nSome doctors [may recommend](https:\/\/adaa.org\/find-help\/treatment-help\/medication-options) taking anxiety medications with food to minimize side effects or taking them before bed if the drug does not interfere with sleep.\n\nThe side effects a person experiences may vary depending on the type of medication.\n\nSSRIs\n\nThe side effects of SSRIs can include:\n\n- nausea\n- [diarrhea](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/158634)\n- [constipation](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/150322)\n- [loss of appetite](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/324011)\n- blurry vision\n- [dizziness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325251)\n- drowsiness or [fatigue](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/248002.php \"Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?\")\n- [dry mouth](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/187640.php \"Everything you need to know about dry mouth\")\n- feeling agitated or restless\n- [headaches](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/73936.php \"What is causing this headache?\")\n- sexual difficulties or [erectile dysfunction](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/5702.php \"What's to know about erectile dysfunction?\")\n- sleep problems\n\nSNRIs\n\nThe side effects of SNRIs are [similar](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments\/medicines-and-psychiatry\/antidepressants\/side-effects\/) to those of SSRIs, and can include:\n\n- constipation\n- dizziness\n- drowsiness or fatigue\n- dry mouth\n- headaches\n- increased [blood pressure](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/270644.php \"What is a normal blood pressure?\")\n- loss of appetite\n- nausea\n- sexual problems or erectile dysfunction\n- sleep problems\n- [sweating more than usual](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/182130)\n- stomach aches\n\nTCAs\n\nSide effects vary among TCAs as they work in different ways. Possible side effects include:\n\n- blurry vision\n- constipation\n- [difficulty urinating](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321087)\n- dry mouth\n- drowsiness\n- [increase in appetite](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/increased-appetite)\n- [lightheadedness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323717)\n- low blood pressure after standing up\n- sexual problems or erectile dysfunction\n- sweating more than usual\n- [tremors](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/body-tremors)\n- weight gain\n\nBenzodiazepines\n\nBenzodiazepines can cause several side effects, such as:\n\n- blurry vision\n- confusion\n- dizziness\n- drowsiness or fatigue\n- headaches\n- [loss of memory](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/memory-loss) or concentration\n- issues with [balance](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/balance-problems), coordination, or speech\n- an upset stomach\n\nBenzodiazepines also carry certain risks. For example, they can cause physical dependence, even after a short period of use. Withdrawal from benzodiazepines [may lead to](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-requiring-boxed-warning-updated-improve-safe-use-benzodiazepine-drug-class):\n\n- anxiety and restlessness\n- depression\n- sleep problems\n- sweating\n- seizures\n\nMore severe risks of benzodiazepines may [include](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8629021\/):\n\n- [addiction](http:\/\/medicalnewstoday.com\/info\/addiction\/)\n- cognitive decline\n- [fractures](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/173312.php \"What is a fracture?\")\n- motor vehicle accidents as benzodiazepines\n  [can affect](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5099559\/)\n  a person’s ability to drive\n- overdose, especially in combination with [opioid drugs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/what-are-opioids) or alcohol\n\nBeta-blockers\n\nPossible side effects of beta-blockers [include](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/beta-blockers\/):\n\n- cold hands and feet\n- depression\n- tiredness\n- [low blood pressure](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/159609)\n- [shortness of breath](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/314963)\n- sleep issues\n- sexual problems\n\nPeople with [asthma](http:\/\/medicalnewstoday.com\/info\/asthma\/) should avoid beta-blockers. Individuals with [diabetes](http:\/\/medicalnewstoday.com\/info\/diabetes\/) should take them with caution and speak with a doctor about the possible risks.\n\nBuspirone\n\n- blurry vision\n- diarrhea\n- dizziness\n- drowsiness\n- dry mouth\n- fatigue\n- headaches\n- muscle pains\n- nausea\n- confusion\n- restlessness or nervousness\n- sleep problems\n- sweating\n- weakness\n\nMAOIs\n\n- nausea\n- diarrhea\n- constipation\n- dry mouth\n- dizziness\n- drowsiness\n- lightheadedness\n- insomnia\n\nThese medications also interact with several other drugs, as well as some foods and drinks. Anyone taking MAOIs should ask their doctor for a complete list of the medications, foods, and drinks they need to avoid.\n\nIn 2004, the FDA [required](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers\/suicidality-children-and-adolescents-being-treated-antidepressant-medications) all antidepressants to carry a black-boxed warning relating to the risk of suicide in children and young adults.\n\nA [common type](https:\/\/focus.psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.focus.20200045) of therapy for anxiety is [cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/296579). This helps people to change their thoughts and behaviors by analyzing what may be causing them anxiety. CBT appears to be an effective form of therapy for treating anxiety disorders.\n\nThere are many other approaches to therapy, and what is right for one person may not work for someone else. People may wish to try a variety until they find what works for them.\n\nThere are many resources for people experiencing anxiety.\n\nThe first point of contact for people not in crisis should be a mental health professional or their primary care doctor. If someone is in crisis, they should seek immediate help, such as contacting 911.\n\nPeople may wish to contact the following organizations:\n\n- The National Alliance on Mental Illness [HelpLine](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/help) at [1-800-950-6264](tel:18009506264) or [helpline@nami.org](mailto:helpline@nami.org).\n- Mental Health America for [support](https:\/\/mhanational.org\/im-looking-mental-health-help-myself) and [further resources](https:\/\/mhanational.org\/crisisresources).\n- The National Institute of Mental Health for\n  [help with mental health](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/find-help)\n  .\n\nIt is best for anyone experiencing symptoms of an anxiety disorder to contact a doctor. They may recommend therapy, medications, or a combination of both.\n\nTo diagnose an anxiety disorder, doctors will typically carry out a physical examination to check for any underlying conditions and ask a person about their symptoms.\n\nThey may also perform a psychological evaluation and compare the person’s symptoms to the [American Psychiatric Association’s](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519704\/table\/ch3.t15\/) criteria for anxiety disorders.\n\nThere is no individual anxiety medication that works best for everybody, as each person’s symptoms will respond differently.\n\nAs with any medication, a person may experience side effects with any anxiety medication. Side effects may also be different for each person. However, SSRIs [typically](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/) cause fewer adverse side effects than TCAs.\n\nA person may require anxiety medication if they frequently experience symptoms of anxiety, such as restlessness, feeling on edge, racing thoughts, and difficulty concentrating. Before medication, A doctor may recommend other treatments, such as CBT or breathing exercises.\n\nSeveral types of medication can treat anxiety. The major classes of drugs for anxiety include SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and benzodiazepines.\n\nOther medications that may help include beta-blockers, buspirone, and MAOIs.\n\nA person’s doctor can help them find the right treatment plan for their needs. If a person notices any side effects from their medication, they should contact their doctor as soon as possible.\n\nTo alleviate side effects, a doctor may adjust the dosage slowly or recommend another medication or form of therapy. The doctor may also recommend a different drug or altering the dosage if symptoms of anxiety do not improve.","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666
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Meta Title	Anxiety medication: List, types, and side effects
Meta Description	Learn about the types of anxiety medication and how they work, This article also looks at possible side effects, when to contact a doctor, and more.
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Boilerpipe Text	People with persistent anxiety may benefit from anxiety medications to help manage symptoms. A doctor can help decide on the most suitable option. This article discusses the main types of anxiety medication and lists their risks and side effects. Several types of medication can treat the symptoms of anxiety . The Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) notes there are of drugs for anxiety disorders. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) SSRIs stop nerve cells in the brain from reabsorbing serotonin, a chemical that plays a vital role in mood regulation. Examples of SSRIs for anxiety include: citalopram ( Celexa ) escitalopram ( Lexapro ) fluoxetine ( Prozac ) fluvoxamine (Luvox) paroxetine ( Paxil , Pexeva) sertraline ( Zoloft ) These medications typically begin to take effect within 2 to 6 weeks , but they may not work for everyone. People usually take SSRIs for 6 to 12 months to treat anxiety and then gradually reduce the dosage. These drugs are not habit-forming, meaning that they do not usually lead to dependence. People should consult a doctor or physician before they start reducing or stopping their medication. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are another class of antidepressants that can treat depression and anxiety. Doctors may also prescribe them to treat some chronic pain conditions. The ADAA notes that medical professionals also consider SNRIs to be the first-line treatment for anxiety. However, they are not as effective in treating OCD. These medications work by reducing the brain’s reabsorption of the chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine. Examples of SNRIs for anxiety are: duloxetine ( Cymbalta ) venlafaxine ( Effexor XR ) As with SSRIs, SNRIs can take several weeks to have an effect. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) TCAs are an older class of antidepressant. Although they may be effective for the treatment of depression and anxiety, doctors often prescribe SSRIs instead as they cause fewer adverse side effects. However, TCAs may be useful for some people, especially if other medications do not provide relief. These medications work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine. This increases the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain. Examples of TCAs for anxiety include: amitriptyline ( Elavil ) imipramine (Tofranil) nortriptyline (Pamelor) Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines are a type of sedative that reduces the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as tense muscles. These drugs also encourage relaxation, and their effects take place quickly. Peak levels in the blood occur 1 to 2 hours after a person takes their dose. People may feel the effects sooner than this. Benzodiazepines include: alprazolam ( Xanax ) chlordiazepoxide (Librium) diazepam (Valium) lorazepam ( Ativan ) Although they can be highly effective for short-term issues, doctors rarely prescribe benzodiazepines because they become less effective over time and can be addictive. Due to these risks, experts suggest that doctors do not prescribe the continuous use of benzodiazepines for more than 6 months . Some people may take benzodiazepines to manage short-term anxiety. For example, people with a fear of flying may take them before a flight. At times, people can take a benzodiazepine alongside an SSRI for 2 to 4 weeks until the SSRI takes effect. Many other medications may help treat anxiety, although doctors usually only prescribe them if SSRIs or similar drugs do not work. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers reduce the effects of norepinephrine, meaning that they can relieve some of the physical symptoms of anxiety. Examples of beta-blockers include atenolol ( Tenormin ) and propranolol (Inderal). Buspirone This anti-anxiety medication may treat short- or long-term anxiety symptoms. Buspirone (BuSpar) works much more slowly than benzodiazepines and may not treat all types of anxiety disorders, but it causes fewer side effects and has a lower risk of dependency. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) MAOIs are one of the earliest types of antidepressant. Doctors may prescribe them off-label to treat some types of anxiety, though they can potentially cause serious side effects, so doctors rarely prescribe them. Types of MAOI include: isocarboxazid (Marplan) phenelzine (Nardil) selegiline (Emsam) tranylcypromine (Parnate) Antidepressants and other drugs for anxiety have the potential to cause side effects in some people. These often resolve after a few weeks, but it is crucial to contact a doctor if they are severe or do not subside. Some doctors may recommend taking anxiety medications with food to minimize side effects or taking them before bed if the drug does not interfere with sleep. The side effects a person experiences may vary depending on the type of medication. SSRIs The side effects of SSRIs can include: nausea diarrhea constipation loss of appetite blurry vision dizziness drowsiness or fatigue dry mouth feeling agitated or restless headaches sexual difficulties or erectile dysfunction sleep problems SNRIs The side effects of SNRIs are similar to those of SSRIs, and can include: constipation dizziness drowsiness or fatigue dry mouth headaches increased blood pressure loss of appetite nausea sexual problems or erectile dysfunction sleep problems sweating more than usual stomach aches TCAs Side effects vary among TCAs as they work in different ways. Possible side effects include: blurry vision constipation difficulty urinating dry mouth drowsiness increase in appetite lightheadedness low blood pressure after standing up sexual problems or erectile dysfunction sweating more than usual tremors weight gain Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines can cause several side effects, such as: blurry vision confusion dizziness drowsiness or fatigue headaches loss of memory or concentration issues with balance , coordination, or speech an upset stomach Benzodiazepines also carry certain risks. For example, they can cause physical dependence, even after a short period of use. Withdrawal from benzodiazepines may lead to : anxiety and restlessness depression sleep problems sweating seizures More severe risks of benzodiazepines may include : addiction cognitive decline fractures motor vehicle accidents as benzodiazepines can affect a person’s ability to drive overdose, especially in combination with opioid drugs or alcohol Beta-blockers Possible side effects of beta-blockers include : cold hands and feet depression tiredness low blood pressure shortness of breath sleep issues sexual problems People with asthma should avoid beta-blockers. Individuals with diabetes should take them with caution and speak with a doctor about the possible risks. Buspirone blurry vision diarrhea dizziness drowsiness dry mouth fatigue headaches muscle pains nausea confusion restlessness or nervousness sleep problems sweating weakness MAOIs nausea diarrhea constipation dry mouth dizziness drowsiness lightheadedness insomnia These medications also interact with several other drugs, as well as some foods and drinks. Anyone taking MAOIs should ask their doctor for a complete list of the medications, foods, and drinks they need to avoid. In 2004, the FDA required all antidepressants to carry a black-boxed warning relating to the risk of suicide in children and young adults. A common type of therapy for anxiety is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) . This helps people to change their thoughts and behaviors by analyzing what may be causing them anxiety. CBT appears to be an effective form of therapy for treating anxiety disorders. There are many other approaches to therapy, and what is right for one person may not work for someone else. People may wish to try a variety until they find what works for them. There are many resources for people experiencing anxiety. The first point of contact for people not in crisis should be a mental health professional or their primary care doctor. If someone is in crisis, they should seek immediate help, such as contacting 911. People may wish to contact the following organizations: The National Alliance on Mental Illness HelpLine at 1-800-950-6264 or helpline@nami.org . Mental Health America for support and further resources . The National Institute of Mental Health for help with mental health . It is best for anyone experiencing symptoms of an anxiety disorder to contact a doctor. They may recommend therapy, medications, or a combination of both. To diagnose an anxiety disorder, doctors will typically carry out a physical examination to check for any underlying conditions and ask a person about their symptoms. They may also perform a psychological evaluation and compare the person’s symptoms to the American Psychiatric Association’s criteria for anxiety disorders. There is no individual anxiety medication that works best for everybody, as each person’s symptoms will respond differently. As with any medication, a person may experience side effects with any anxiety medication. Side effects may also be different for each person. However, SSRIs typically cause fewer adverse side effects than TCAs. A person may require anxiety medication if they frequently experience symptoms of anxiety, such as restlessness, feeling on edge, racing thoughts, and difficulty concentrating. Before medication, A doctor may recommend other treatments, such as CBT or breathing exercises. Several types of medication can treat anxiety. The major classes of drugs for anxiety include SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and benzodiazepines. Other medications that may help include beta-blockers, buspirone, and MAOIs. A person’s doctor can help them find the right treatment plan for their needs. If a person notices any side effects from their medication, they should contact their doctor as soon as possible. To alleviate side effects, a doctor may adjust the dosage slowly or recommend another medication or form of therapy. The doctor may also recommend a different drug or altering the dosage if symptoms of anxiety do not improve.
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### Management Management #### Related Articles - [Management Overview](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326115) - [EFT Tapping](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326434) - [Without Medication](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-treat-anxiety-without-medication) - [How to Stop a Panic Attack](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321510) - [4-7-8 Breathing](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324417) - [Foods that Help](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322652) - [Ease Throat Tightness](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-relax-throat-muscles-anxiety) - [Service Dogs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322784) - [Sour Candy for Panic Attacks](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sour-candy-and-anxiety) - [Breathing Exercises](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/breathing-exercises-for-anxiety) - [Journaling](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-journal-for-anxiety) - [Disability Benefits](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-anxiety-a-disability) - [Exercises](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-exercises) - [333 Rule](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/333-rule) - [Mindfulness Meditation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/mindfulness-meditation-for-anxiety) - [Box Breathing](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318973) - [Support Groups](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-support-groups) - [Coping Tips](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7603) - [Best Books](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-books) - [Mantras](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/mantras-for-anxiety) - [Support During Panic Attack](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-help-someone-who-is-having-a-panic-attack) - [Coping Methods](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-cope-with-anxiety) - [Yoga](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-yoga) - [In Black Communities](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/black-anxiety) - [Drawing](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-and-drawing) - [Best Jobs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/jobs-for-people-with-anxiety) - [Affirmations](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/affirmations-for-anxiety) - [Sleep Tips](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-fall-asleep-with-anxiety) - [Support for Children](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-help-kids-with-anxiety) - ### Prognosis Prognosis #### Related Articles - [Outlook Overview](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-long-does-anxiety-last) - [Is It Fatal?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-you-die-from-a-panic-attack) - [What Makes It Worse](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/why-is-my-anxiety-so-bad) - [Does Everyone Have Anxiety?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/does-everyone-have-anxiety) - ### Symptoms Symptoms #### Related Articles - [Symptoms Overview](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322510) - [Anxiety-Avoidance Cycle](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-avoidance) - [Shortness of Breath](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326831) - [Anxiety Attack](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/307863) - [Dizziness](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-and-dizziness) - [Brain Fog](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-and-brain-fog) - [Rash](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-rash) - [Itching](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-itching) - [Jaw Tension](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/jaw-tension-anxiety) - [Panic vs. Anxiety Attack](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321798) - [Facial Numbness](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/facial-numbness-and-anxiety) - [Lip Biting](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322093) - [Heart Palpitations](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-with-heart-palpitations) - [Shaking](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-shaking) - [Numbness](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-anxiety-cause-numbness) - [Fatigue](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-and-fatigue) - [Physical Symptoms](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/physical-symptoms-of-anxiety) - [Appetite Changes](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327437) - [Headache](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-headaches) - [Nervous Breakdown](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321018) - [Tongue Tingling](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/tingling-tongue-and-anxiety) - [Nausea](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326391) - ### Treatment Treatment #### Related Articles - [Treatment Overview](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323494) - [Anxiety Medications](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666) - [Beta-Blockers](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326397) - [Medication for Anxiety and Depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/which-medications-are-best-for-anxiety-and-depression) - [Xanax](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-xanax) - [Ativan](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326015) - [Propranolol](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-quickly-does-propranolol-work-for-anxiety) - [Hydroxyzine](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-hydroxyzine-oral-tablet) - [Clonazepam](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/clonazepam-oral-tablet) - [Diazepam](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/diazepam-oral-tablet) - [Ketamine](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ketamine-for-anxiety) - [Buspar](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/buspar-side-effects) - [Social Anxiety Medication](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/best-medication-for-social-anxiety) - [Antipsychotics](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/antipsychotics-for-anxiety) - [Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/tms-for-anxiety) - [Best Online CBT Platforms](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cbt-for-anxiety) - ### Types Types #### Related Articles - [Types Overview](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-overcome-anxiety) - [In the Morning](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325808) - [Separation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322070) - [Driving](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/driving-anxiety) - [Anticipatory](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anticipatory-anxiety) - [Debilitating](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/debilitating-anxiety) - [Parental](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/parental-anxiety) - [Hyperstimulation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperstimulation-anxiety) - [Panic Disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8872) - [Generalized Anxiety Disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326416) - [Existential](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/existential-anxiety) - [Travel](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/travel-anxiety) - [Social](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/176891) - [Trait vs. State Anxiety](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/trait-anxiety) - [Situational](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/situational-anxiety) - [Political](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/political-anxiety) - [Hospital](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hospital-anxiety) - [Types of Social Anxiety](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-social-anxiety) - [Eco-Anxiety](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327354) - [Pathological](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/pathological-anxiety-definition-causes-and-symptoms) - [Free-Floating](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/free-floating-anxiety) - [Anxiety Disorders](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-anxiety) - [Anxiety in Children](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-in-children) - [High Functioning](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/high-functioning-anxiety) - [Health](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/health-anxiety) - [Before Period](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-before-period) - [Dating](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/dating-anxiety) - [School](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/school-anxiety) - [Friendship](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/friendship-anxiety) - [Surgery](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/surgery-anxiety) - [At Night](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-at-night) - [Dental](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-to-know-about-dental-anxiety) - [In Males](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-in-men-fighting-stereotypes) - [Hangover](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hangover-anxiety) - [Test](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/test-anxiety-tips) - [Gym](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/gym-anxiety) - ### Complications Complications #### Related Articles - [Left Arm Pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/left-arm-pain-from-anxiety) - [Hot Flashes](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-hot-flashes) - [Acid Reflux](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/acid-reflux-and-anxiety) - [Anxiety Poop](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-poop) - [Atrial Fibrillation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-anxiety-cause-atrial-fibrillation) - [Inflammation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-and-inflammation-is-there-a-link) - [Anxiety Dreams](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-dreams) - ### Related Conditions Related Conditions #### Related Articles - [Vs. Depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-vs-depression) - [Psychosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-psychosis) - [Vs. Stress](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stress-vs-anxiety) - [Tinnitus](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ringing-in-ears-anxiety) - [Panic vs. Heart Attack](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322797) - [AVPD vs. Social Anxiety](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/avpd-vs-social-anxiety) - [Vs. Paranoia](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/paranoia-vs-anxiety) - [Adjustment Disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/adjustment-disorder-with-anxiety) # Everything you need to know about anxiety medications ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/04/Nicole_Washington_500x500_Med_Reviewer_Photos_v2.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Nicole Washington, DO, MPH]() — Written by [Jayne Leonard]() and [Hana Ames]() — [Updated on May 20, 2025]() - [Types of anxiety medication](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666#types-of-anxiety-medication) - [Other anxiety medications](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666#other-anxiety-medications) - [Side effects](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666#side-effects) - [Suicide risk and antidepressants](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666#suicide-risk-and-antidepressants) - [Home remedies](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666#home-remedies) - [Alternatives](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666#alternatives) - [Support](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666#support) - [Contacting a doctor](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666#contacting-a-doctor) - [FAQ](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666#faq) - [Summary](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323666#summary) ### Key takeaways - Several types of anxiety medications are available, including SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and benzodiazepines; a doctor can help determine the most appropriate choice. - While generally effective, anxiety medications can cause side effects, which vary depending on the specific drug; consulting with a doctor is crucial for managing these effects. - Beyond medication, lifestyle changes such as home remedies and alternative treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can also help manage anxiety. People with persistent anxiety may benefit from anxiety medications to help manage symptoms. A doctor can help decide on the most suitable option. This article discusses the main types of anxiety medication and lists their risks and side effects. ## [What are the four main types of anti-anxiety medications?]() ![A person is holding a pill box.](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/11/pill-box-anxiety-medications-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg) [Share on Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F323666&media=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.post.rvohealth.io%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2023%2F11%2Fpill-box-anxiety-medications-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg&description=Anxiety%20medication%3A%20List%2C%20types%2C%20and%20side%20effects "Share on Pinterest") Maksim Tarasov/Stocksy Several types of medication can treat the symptoms of [anxiety](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323454). The Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) notes there are of drugs for anxiety disorders. ### Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Although SSRIs are a type of [antidepressant](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248320), doctors can prescribe them to people with anxiety and [obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/178508.php "What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?"). According to a 2022 article, doctors consider SSRIs to be the [first-line drug treatment](https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0800/generalized-anxiety-disorder-panic-disorder.html) for [generalized anxiety disorder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326416). SSRIs stop nerve cells in the brain from reabsorbing serotonin, a chemical that plays a vital role in mood regulation. Examples of SSRIs for anxiety include: - citalopram ([Celexa](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/celexa)) - escitalopram ([Lexapro](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/lexapro-side-effects)) - [fluoxetine](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322413) ([Prozac](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/263773)) - fluvoxamine (Luvox) - [paroxetine](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323192) ([Paxil](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325996), Pexeva) - [sertraline](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325632) ([Zoloft](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326268)) These medications typically begin to take effect within [2 to 6 weeks](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279594/), but they may not work for everyone. People usually take SSRIs for 6 to 12 months to treat anxiety and then gradually reduce the dosage. These drugs are not habit-forming, meaning that they do not usually lead to dependence. People should consult a doctor or physician before they start reducing or stopping their medication. ### Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) [SNRIs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/snri) are another class of antidepressants that can treat [depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933) and anxiety. Doctors may also prescribe them to treat some chronic pain conditions. The [ADAA](https://adaa.org/find-help/treatment-help/medication-options) notes that medical professionals also consider SNRIs to be the first-line treatment for anxiety. However, they are not as effective in treating OCD. These medications work by reducing the brain’s reabsorption of the chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine. Examples of SNRIs for anxiety are: - duloxetine ([Cymbalta](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cymbalta)) - [venlafaxine](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/263705) ([Effexor XR](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326678)) As with SSRIs, SNRIs can take several weeks to have an effect. »Discover:[The differences between SSRIs and SNRIs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ssri-vs-snri) ### Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) [TCAs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/tricyclic-antidepressants) are an older class of antidepressant. Although they may be effective for the treatment of depression and anxiety, doctors often prescribe SSRIs instead as they cause [fewer](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/) adverse side effects. However, TCAs may be useful for some people, especially if other medications do not provide relief. These medications work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine. This increases the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain. Examples of TCAs for anxiety include: - [amitriptyline](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325726) ([Elavil](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325799)) - imipramine (Tofranil) - nortriptyline (Pamelor) ### Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines are a type of sedative that reduces the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as tense muscles. These drugs also encourage relaxation, and their effects take place quickly. Peak levels in the blood occur [1 to 2 hours](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388e249d-b9b6-44c3-9f8f-880eced0239f) after a person takes their dose. People may feel the effects sooner than this. Benzodiazepines include: - alprazolam ([Xanax](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326488)) - chlordiazepoxide (Librium) - diazepam (Valium) - lorazepam ([Ativan](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326015)) Although they can be highly effective for short-term issues, doctors rarely prescribe benzodiazepines because they become less effective over time and can be addictive. Due to these risks, experts suggest that doctors do not prescribe the continuous use of benzodiazepines for more than [6 months](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2772339). Some people may take benzodiazepines to manage short-term anxiety. For example, people with a fear of flying may take them before a flight. At times, people can take a benzodiazepine alongside an SSRI for [2 to 4 weeks](https://adaa.org/learn-from-us/from-the-experts/blog-posts/consumer/ssris-and-benzodiazepines-general-anxiety) until the SSRI takes effect. »Learn more:[Benefits and risks of benzodiazepines](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/262809) ## [Other medications for anxiety]() Many other medications may help treat anxiety, although doctors usually only prescribe them if SSRIs or similar drugs do not work. ### Beta-blockers [Beta-blockers](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173068.php "What you need to know about beta-blockers") are a common medication for people with [high blood pressure](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159283.php "What to know about high blood pressure") and heart conditions. However, doctors [may prescribe them](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456064/) off-label for anxiety in certain situations. Beta-blockers reduce the effects of norepinephrine, meaning that they can relieve some of the physical symptoms of anxiety. Examples of beta-blockers include atenolol ([Tenormin](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/tenormin)) and [propranolol](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316061) (Inderal). ### Buspirone This anti-anxiety medication [may treat](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531477/) short- or long-term anxiety symptoms. [Buspirone](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-buspirone-oral-tablet) (BuSpar) works much more slowly than benzodiazepines and may not treat all types of anxiety disorders, but it causes fewer side effects and has a lower risk of dependency. ### Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) [MAOIs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/maois) are one of the earliest types of antidepressant. Doctors may prescribe them off-label to treat some types of anxiety, though they can [potentially cause](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/antidepressants/overview/) serious side effects, so doctors rarely prescribe them. Types of MAOI include: - isocarboxazid (Marplan) - phenelzine (Nardil) - selegiline (Emsam) - tranylcypromine (Parnate) ## [Side effects]() Antidepressants and other drugs for anxiety have the potential to cause side effects in some people. These often resolve after a few weeks, but it is crucial to contact a doctor if they are severe or do not subside. Some doctors [may recommend](https://adaa.org/find-help/treatment-help/medication-options) taking anxiety medications with food to minimize side effects or taking them before bed if the drug does not interfere with sleep. The side effects a person experiences may vary depending on the type of medication. ### SSRIs The side effects of SSRIs can include: - nausea - [diarrhea](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158634) - [constipation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150322) - [loss of appetite](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324011) - blurry vision - [dizziness](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325251) - drowsiness or [fatigue](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php "Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?") - [dry mouth](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/187640.php "Everything you need to know about dry mouth") - feeling agitated or restless - [headaches](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/73936.php "What is causing this headache?") - sexual difficulties or [erectile dysfunction](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5702.php "What's to know about erectile dysfunction?") - sleep problems ### SNRIs The side effects of SNRIs are [similar](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/antidepressants/side-effects/) to those of SSRIs, and can include: - constipation - dizziness - drowsiness or fatigue - dry mouth - headaches - increased [blood pressure](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/270644.php "What is a normal blood pressure?") - loss of appetite - nausea - sexual problems or erectile dysfunction - sleep problems - [sweating more than usual](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182130) - stomach aches ### TCAs Side effects vary among TCAs as they work in different ways. Possible side effects include: - blurry vision - constipation - [difficulty urinating](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321087) - dry mouth - drowsiness - [increase in appetite](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/increased-appetite) - [lightheadedness](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323717) - low blood pressure after standing up - sexual problems or erectile dysfunction - sweating more than usual - [tremors](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/body-tremors) - weight gain ### Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines can cause several side effects, such as: - blurry vision - confusion - dizziness - drowsiness or fatigue - headaches - [loss of memory](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/memory-loss) or concentration - issues with [balance](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/balance-problems), coordination, or speech - an upset stomach Benzodiazepines also carry certain risks. For example, they can cause physical dependence, even after a short period of use. Withdrawal from benzodiazepines [may lead to](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-requiring-boxed-warning-updated-improve-safe-use-benzodiazepine-drug-class): - anxiety and restlessness - depression - sleep problems - sweating - seizures More severe risks of benzodiazepines may [include](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8629021/): - [addiction](http://medicalnewstoday.com/info/addiction/) - cognitive decline - [fractures](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173312.php "What is a fracture?") - motor vehicle accidents as benzodiazepines [can affect](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5099559/) a person’s ability to drive - overdose, especially in combination with [opioid drugs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-are-opioids) or alcohol ### Beta-blockers Possible side effects of beta-blockers [include](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/beta-blockers/): - cold hands and feet - depression - tiredness - [low blood pressure](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159609) - [shortness of breath](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314963) - sleep issues - sexual problems People with [asthma](http://medicalnewstoday.com/info/asthma/) should avoid beta-blockers. Individuals with [diabetes](http://medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/) should take them with caution and speak with a doctor about the possible risks. ### Buspirone The side effects of buspirone [may include](https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a688005.html): - blurry vision - diarrhea - dizziness - drowsiness - dry mouth - fatigue - headaches - muscle pains - nausea - confusion - restlessness or nervousness - sleep problems - sweating - weakness ### MAOIs Some [common side effects](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539848/) of MAOIs include: - nausea - diarrhea - constipation - dry mouth - dizziness - drowsiness - lightheadedness - insomnia These medications also interact with several other drugs, as well as some foods and drinks. Anyone taking MAOIs should ask their doctor for a complete list of the medications, foods, and drinks they need to avoid. ## [Suicide risk and antidepressants]() In 2004, the FDA [required](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/suicidality-children-and-adolescents-being-treated-antidepressant-medications) all antidepressants to carry a black-boxed warning relating to the risk of suicide in children and young adults. People [under 25 years](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00294/full) of age may experience an increase in [suicidal thoughts](http://medicalnewstoday.com/kc/suicidal-thoughts-ideation-193026) and behaviors while taking antidepressants. ### Help is out there If you or someone you know is in crisis and considering suicide or self-harm, please seek support: - Call or text the [988 Lifeline](https://988lifeline.org/) at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org. Caring counselors are available to listen and provide free and confidential support 24/7. - Text HOME to the [Crisis Text Line](https://www.crisistextline.org/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIsPDQrdXH5wIVBRx9Ch1YdQjIEAAYASAAEgJ_1_D_BwE) at 741741 to connect with a volunteer crisis counselor for free and confidential support 24/7. - Not in the United States? Find a helpline in your country with [Befrienders Worldwide](https://www.befrienders.org/). - Call 911 or your local emergency services number if you feel safe to do so. If you’re calling on behalf of someone else, stay with them until help arrives. You may remove weapons or substances that can cause harm if you can do so safely. If you’re not in the same household, stay on the phone with them until help arrives. ## [Home remedies for anxiety]() A person may wish to try the [following](https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/anxiety-and-panic-attacks/self-care/) remedies to help treat anxiety: - [breathing exercises](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/breathing-techniques) - [meditation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320392) - [physical exercise](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-does-exercise-reduce-stress) - [yoga](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-yoga) - [acupuncture](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/6-pressure-points-for-anxiety) Some people may experience relief from anxiety through hobbies, such as painting or playing music. There is also evidence to suggest that spending time with pets [may be beneficial](https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-018-1613-2) to people with a variety of mental health issues, including anxiety. »Learn more:[Treating anxiety](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323454#treatment) ## [Alternative treatments]() A [common type](https://focus.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.focus.20200045) of therapy for anxiety is [cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/296579). This helps people to change their thoughts and behaviors by analyzing what may be causing them anxiety. CBT appears to be an effective form of therapy for treating anxiety disorders. There are many other approaches to therapy, and what is right for one person may not work for someone else. People may wish to try a variety until they find what works for them. »Learn more:[Types of therapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-therapy) ## [Mental health support]() There are many resources for people experiencing anxiety. The first point of contact for people not in crisis should be a mental health professional or their primary care doctor. If someone is in crisis, they should seek immediate help, such as contacting 911. People may wish to contact the following organizations: - The National Alliance on Mental Illness [HelpLine](https://www.nami.org/help) at [1-800-950-6264](tel:18009506264) or [helpline@nami.org](mailto:helpline@nami.org). - Mental Health America for [support](https://mhanational.org/im-looking-mental-health-help-myself) and [further resources](https://mhanational.org/crisisresources). - The National Institute of Mental Health for [help with mental health](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help) . ## [When to contact a doctor]() It is best for anyone experiencing symptoms of an anxiety disorder to contact a doctor. They may recommend therapy, medications, or a combination of both. To diagnose an anxiety disorder, doctors will typically carry out a physical examination to check for any underlying conditions and ask a person about their symptoms. They may also perform a psychological evaluation and compare the person’s symptoms to the [American Psychiatric Association’s](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t15/) criteria for anxiety disorders. ## [Frequently asked questions]() ### What is the most used drug for anxiety? SSRIs and SNRIs are [first-line treatment](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7786299/) medications for anxiety. SSRIs and SNRIs are [first-line treatment](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7786299/) medications for anxiety. ### What is the best drug to relieve anxiety? There is no individual anxiety medication that works best for everybody, as each person’s symptoms will respond differently. There is no individual anxiety medication that works best for everybody, as each person’s symptoms will respond differently. ### What is the best anxiety medication with the fewest side effects? As with any medication, a person may experience side effects with any anxiety medication. Side effects may also be different for each person. However, SSRIs [typically](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/) cause fewer adverse side effects than TCAs. As with any medication, a person may experience side effects with any anxiety medication. Side effects may also be different for each person. However, SSRIs [typically](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/) cause fewer adverse side effects than TCAs. ### How do I know if I need anxiety medication? A person may require anxiety medication if they frequently experience symptoms of anxiety, such as restlessness, feeling on edge, racing thoughts, and difficulty concentrating. Before medication, A doctor may recommend other treatments, such as CBT or breathing exercises. A person may require anxiety medication if they frequently experience symptoms of anxiety, such as restlessness, feeling on edge, racing thoughts, and difficulty concentrating. Before medication, A doctor may recommend other treatments, such as CBT or breathing exercises. ## [Summary]() Several types of medication can treat anxiety. The major classes of drugs for anxiety include SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and benzodiazepines. Other medications that may help include beta-blockers, buspirone, and MAOIs. A person’s doctor can help them find the right treatment plan for their needs. If a person notices any side effects from their medication, they should contact their doctor as soon as possible. To alleviate side effects, a doctor may adjust the dosage slowly or recommend another medication or form of therapy. The doctor may also recommend a different drug or altering the dosage if symptoms of anxiety do not improve. - [Anxiety / Stress](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/anxiety) - [Pharmacy / Pharmacist](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/pharmacy) ### How we reviewed this article: Sources Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/process). - Anxiety and panic attacks. (2021). <https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/anxiety-and-panic-attacks/self-care/> - Brooks HL, et al. (2018). The power of support from companion animals for people living with mental health problems: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence. <https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-018-1613-2> - Buspirone. (2019). <https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a688005.html> - Curtiss JE, et al. (2021). Cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety and stress-related disorders. <https://focus.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.focus.20200045> - Degeorge KC, et al. (2022). Generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults. <https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0800/generalized-anxiety-disorder-panic-disorder.html> - Edinoff AN, et al. (2021). Benzodiazepines: Uses, dangers, and clinical considerations. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8629021/> - FDA requiring boxed warning updated to improve safe use of benzodiazepine drug class. (2020). <https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-requiring-boxed-warning-updated-improve-safe-use-benzodiazepine-drug-class> - Fornaro M, et al. (2019). The FDA "black box" warning on antidepressant suicide risk in young adults: More harm than benefits? <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00294/full> - Gomez AF, et al. (2020). SSRIs and benzodiazepines for general anxiety disorders (GAD). <https://adaa.org/learn-from-us/from-the-experts/blog-posts/consumer/ssris-and-benzodiazepines-general-anxiety> - Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health \[Internet\]. (2016). <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t15/> - Laban TS, et al. (2023). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539848/> - Label: Xanax-alprazolam tablet. (2023). <https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388e249d-b9b6-44c3-9f8f-880eced0239f> - Medication options. (2024). <https://adaa.org/find-help/treatment-help/medication-options> - Moraczewski J, et al. (2023). Tricyclic antidepressants. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/> - Orriols L, et al. (2016). Road traffic crash risk associated with benzodiazepine and z‐hypnotic use after implementation of a colour‐graded pictogram: A responsibility study. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5099559/> - Overview – antidepressants. (2021). <https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/antidepressants/overview/> - Suicidality in children and adolescents being treated with antidepressant medications. (2018). <https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/suicidality-children-and-adolescents-being-treated-antidepressant-medications> - Szeleszczuk Ł, et al. (2022). Propranolol versus other selected drugs in the treatment of various types of anxiety or stress, with particular reference to stage fright and post-traumatic stress disorder. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456064/> - Taipale H, et al. (2020). Incidence of and characteristics associated with long-term benzodiazepine use in Finland. <https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2772339> - Treatment – generalised anxiety disorder in adults. (2024). <https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/generalised-anxiety-disorder/treatment/> - Treatment options for generalized anxiety disorder. (2024). <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279594/> - Wilson TK, et al. (2023). Buspirone. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531477/> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/04/Nicole_Washington_500x500_Med_Reviewer_Photos_v2.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Nicole Washington, DO, MPH]() — Written by [Jayne Leonard]() and [Hana Ames]() — [Updated on May 20, 2025]() ## Latest news - [9 steps to improve heart health, per new dietary guidance from AHA](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9-steps-improve-heart-health-diet-guidance-aha) - [AI model can accurately predict liver cancer risk, study suggests](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ai-model-accurately-predict-liver-cancer-risk) - [AI-powered stroke tool linked to improved patient outcomes in large clinical trial](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ai-powered-stroke-tool-linked-improved-patient-outcomes-large-clinical-trial) - [Eating same meals on repeat, and more at weekends may help you lose more weight](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/eating-same-meals-repeat-more-weekends-may-help-lose-more-weight) - [Cooking at least one meal at home weekly may cut dementia risk by up to 67%](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cooking-at-least-one-meal-at-home-weekly-may-cut-dementia-risk) ### Related Coverage - [Beta-blockers for anxiety: What to know](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326397?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Zara Risoldi Cochrane, Pharm.D., M.S., FASCP](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers) [Beta-blockers are a type of medication that can treat heart conditions. 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Readable Markdown	People with persistent anxiety may benefit from anxiety medications to help manage symptoms. A doctor can help decide on the most suitable option. This article discusses the main types of anxiety medication and lists their risks and side effects. Several types of medication can treat the symptoms of [anxiety](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323454). The Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) notes there are of drugs for anxiety disorders. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) SSRIs stop nerve cells in the brain from reabsorbing serotonin, a chemical that plays a vital role in mood regulation. Examples of SSRIs for anxiety include: - citalopram ([Celexa](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/celexa)) - escitalopram ([Lexapro](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/lexapro-side-effects)) - [fluoxetine](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322413) ([Prozac](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/263773)) - fluvoxamine (Luvox) - [paroxetine](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323192) ([Paxil](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325996), Pexeva) - [sertraline](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325632) ([Zoloft](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326268)) These medications typically begin to take effect within [2 to 6 weeks](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279594/), but they may not work for everyone. People usually take SSRIs for 6 to 12 months to treat anxiety and then gradually reduce the dosage. These drugs are not habit-forming, meaning that they do not usually lead to dependence. People should consult a doctor or physician before they start reducing or stopping their medication. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) [SNRIs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/snri) are another class of antidepressants that can treat [depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933) and anxiety. Doctors may also prescribe them to treat some chronic pain conditions. The [ADAA](https://adaa.org/find-help/treatment-help/medication-options) notes that medical professionals also consider SNRIs to be the first-line treatment for anxiety. However, they are not as effective in treating OCD. These medications work by reducing the brain’s reabsorption of the chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine. Examples of SNRIs for anxiety are: - duloxetine ([Cymbalta](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cymbalta)) - [venlafaxine](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/263705) ([Effexor XR](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326678)) As with SSRIs, SNRIs can take several weeks to have an effect. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) [TCAs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/tricyclic-antidepressants) are an older class of antidepressant. Although they may be effective for the treatment of depression and anxiety, doctors often prescribe SSRIs instead as they cause [fewer](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/) adverse side effects. However, TCAs may be useful for some people, especially if other medications do not provide relief. These medications work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine. This increases the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain. Examples of TCAs for anxiety include: - [amitriptyline](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325726) ([Elavil](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325799)) - imipramine (Tofranil) - nortriptyline (Pamelor) Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines are a type of sedative that reduces the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as tense muscles. These drugs also encourage relaxation, and their effects take place quickly. Peak levels in the blood occur [1 to 2 hours](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388e249d-b9b6-44c3-9f8f-880eced0239f) after a person takes their dose. People may feel the effects sooner than this. Benzodiazepines include: - alprazolam ([Xanax](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326488)) - chlordiazepoxide (Librium) - diazepam (Valium) - lorazepam ([Ativan](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326015)) Although they can be highly effective for short-term issues, doctors rarely prescribe benzodiazepines because they become less effective over time and can be addictive. Due to these risks, experts suggest that doctors do not prescribe the continuous use of benzodiazepines for more than [6 months](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2772339). Some people may take benzodiazepines to manage short-term anxiety. For example, people with a fear of flying may take them before a flight. At times, people can take a benzodiazepine alongside an SSRI for [2 to 4 weeks](https://adaa.org/learn-from-us/from-the-experts/blog-posts/consumer/ssris-and-benzodiazepines-general-anxiety) until the SSRI takes effect. Many other medications may help treat anxiety, although doctors usually only prescribe them if SSRIs or similar drugs do not work. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers reduce the effects of norepinephrine, meaning that they can relieve some of the physical symptoms of anxiety. Examples of beta-blockers include atenolol ([Tenormin](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/tenormin)) and [propranolol](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316061) (Inderal). Buspirone This anti-anxiety medication [may treat](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531477/) short- or long-term anxiety symptoms. [Buspirone](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-buspirone-oral-tablet) (BuSpar) works much more slowly than benzodiazepines and may not treat all types of anxiety disorders, but it causes fewer side effects and has a lower risk of dependency. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) [MAOIs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/maois) are one of the earliest types of antidepressant. Doctors may prescribe them off-label to treat some types of anxiety, though they can [potentially cause](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/antidepressants/overview/) serious side effects, so doctors rarely prescribe them. Types of MAOI include: - isocarboxazid (Marplan) - phenelzine (Nardil) - selegiline (Emsam) - tranylcypromine (Parnate) Antidepressants and other drugs for anxiety have the potential to cause side effects in some people. These often resolve after a few weeks, but it is crucial to contact a doctor if they are severe or do not subside. Some doctors [may recommend](https://adaa.org/find-help/treatment-help/medication-options) taking anxiety medications with food to minimize side effects or taking them before bed if the drug does not interfere with sleep. The side effects a person experiences may vary depending on the type of medication. SSRIs The side effects of SSRIs can include: - nausea - [diarrhea](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158634) - [constipation](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150322) - [loss of appetite](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324011) - blurry vision - [dizziness](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325251) - drowsiness or [fatigue](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php "Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?") - [dry mouth](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/187640.php "Everything you need to know about dry mouth") - feeling agitated or restless - [headaches](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/73936.php "What is causing this headache?") - sexual difficulties or [erectile dysfunction](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5702.php "What's to know about erectile dysfunction?") - sleep problems SNRIs The side effects of SNRIs are [similar](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/antidepressants/side-effects/) to those of SSRIs, and can include: - constipation - dizziness - drowsiness or fatigue - dry mouth - headaches - increased [blood pressure](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/270644.php "What is a normal blood pressure?") - loss of appetite - nausea - sexual problems or erectile dysfunction - sleep problems - [sweating more than usual](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182130) - stomach aches TCAs Side effects vary among TCAs as they work in different ways. Possible side effects include: - blurry vision - constipation - [difficulty urinating](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321087) - dry mouth - drowsiness - [increase in appetite](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/increased-appetite) - [lightheadedness](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323717) - low blood pressure after standing up - sexual problems or erectile dysfunction - sweating more than usual - [tremors](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/body-tremors) - weight gain Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines can cause several side effects, such as: - blurry vision - confusion - dizziness - drowsiness or fatigue - headaches - [loss of memory](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/memory-loss) or concentration - issues with [balance](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/balance-problems), coordination, or speech - an upset stomach Benzodiazepines also carry certain risks. For example, they can cause physical dependence, even after a short period of use. Withdrawal from benzodiazepines [may lead to](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-requiring-boxed-warning-updated-improve-safe-use-benzodiazepine-drug-class): - anxiety and restlessness - depression - sleep problems - sweating - seizures More severe risks of benzodiazepines may [include](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8629021/): - [addiction](http://medicalnewstoday.com/info/addiction/) - cognitive decline - [fractures](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173312.php "What is a fracture?") - motor vehicle accidents as benzodiazepines [can affect](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5099559/) a person’s ability to drive - overdose, especially in combination with [opioid drugs](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-are-opioids) or alcohol Beta-blockers Possible side effects of beta-blockers [include](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/beta-blockers/): - cold hands and feet - depression - tiredness - [low blood pressure](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159609) - [shortness of breath](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314963) - sleep issues - sexual problems People with [asthma](http://medicalnewstoday.com/info/asthma/) should avoid beta-blockers. Individuals with [diabetes](http://medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/) should take them with caution and speak with a doctor about the possible risks. Buspirone - blurry vision - diarrhea - dizziness - drowsiness - dry mouth - fatigue - headaches - muscle pains - nausea - confusion - restlessness or nervousness - sleep problems - sweating - weakness MAOIs - nausea - diarrhea - constipation - dry mouth - dizziness - drowsiness - lightheadedness - insomnia These medications also interact with several other drugs, as well as some foods and drinks. Anyone taking MAOIs should ask their doctor for a complete list of the medications, foods, and drinks they need to avoid. In 2004, the FDA [required](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/suicidality-children-and-adolescents-being-treated-antidepressant-medications) all antidepressants to carry a black-boxed warning relating to the risk of suicide in children and young adults. A [common type](https://focus.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.focus.20200045) of therapy for anxiety is [cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/296579). This helps people to change their thoughts and behaviors by analyzing what may be causing them anxiety. CBT appears to be an effective form of therapy for treating anxiety disorders. There are many other approaches to therapy, and what is right for one person may not work for someone else. People may wish to try a variety until they find what works for them. There are many resources for people experiencing anxiety. The first point of contact for people not in crisis should be a mental health professional or their primary care doctor. If someone is in crisis, they should seek immediate help, such as contacting 911. People may wish to contact the following organizations: - The National Alliance on Mental Illness [HelpLine](https://www.nami.org/help) at [1-800-950-6264](tel:18009506264) or [helpline@nami.org](mailto:helpline@nami.org). - Mental Health America for [support](https://mhanational.org/im-looking-mental-health-help-myself) and [further resources](https://mhanational.org/crisisresources). - The National Institute of Mental Health for [help with mental health](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help) . It is best for anyone experiencing symptoms of an anxiety disorder to contact a doctor. They may recommend therapy, medications, or a combination of both. To diagnose an anxiety disorder, doctors will typically carry out a physical examination to check for any underlying conditions and ask a person about their symptoms. They may also perform a psychological evaluation and compare the person’s symptoms to the [American Psychiatric Association’s](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t15/) criteria for anxiety disorders. There is no individual anxiety medication that works best for everybody, as each person’s symptoms will respond differently. As with any medication, a person may experience side effects with any anxiety medication. Side effects may also be different for each person. However, SSRIs [typically](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/) cause fewer adverse side effects than TCAs. A person may require anxiety medication if they frequently experience symptoms of anxiety, such as restlessness, feeling on edge, racing thoughts, and difficulty concentrating. Before medication, A doctor may recommend other treatments, such as CBT or breathing exercises. Several types of medication can treat anxiety. The major classes of drugs for anxiety include SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and benzodiazepines. Other medications that may help include beta-blockers, buspirone, and MAOIs. A person’s doctor can help them find the right treatment plan for their needs. If a person notices any side effects from their medication, they should contact their doctor as soon as possible. To alleviate side effects, a doctor may adjust the dosage slowly or recommend another medication or form of therapy. The doctor may also recommend a different drug or altering the dosage if symptoms of anxiety do not improve.
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