🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 110 (from laksa007)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa110.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182197\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182197\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/182197","crawl_time":1775015509,"first_indexed_time":1557444056,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,medicalnewstoday!www,\/articles\/182197 s443","src_root_hash":"5853625527623639710","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Hypothermia: Symptoms, treatment, stages, and more","meta_descriptions":["Hypothermia occurs when a person’s core body temperature drops below 95˚F. Symptoms include dizziness, difficulty speaking, and lack of coordination. It can be fatal and needs immediate medical attention. Learn more."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Hypothermia is a condition involving a low body temperature, usually below 95°F (35°C). Shivering, pale skin, unclear speech, and a fast heart rate can be signs of hypothermia. It is a medical emergency.\nThe stages of hypothermia range from mild to severe. Even the mild stage is an emergency, and a bystander\nshould\ncall 911 if they notice its signs. While waiting on help to arrive, first aid treatment entails getting the individual to a warm, dry place and removing any wet clothing.\nThe underlying cause of hypothermia is prolonged exposure to cold. That said, other factors and conditions can increase the risk,\nincluding\nextremes in age and certain health conditions, such as malnutrition.\nKeep reading to learn more about the treatment, symptoms, prevention, diagnosis, and causes of hypothermia.\nHypothermia is an abnormally low body temperature of below\n95°F (35°C)\n. This happens when a person experiences cold temperatures for a prolonged period.\nWhile normal metabolic processes in the body generate heat, wintry weather can cause the body to lose more heat than it generates. When this occurs, the core temperature drops.\nA structure in the brain called the hypothalamus regulates body temperature.\nFindings\nshow that when someone is exposed to cold, the hypothalamus raises body temperature through measures such as increasing muscle tone and shivering.\nHowever, if exposure to cold continues, it will eventually overwhelm the body, and shivering will stop. At this point, multiple organs may stop functioning, which ultimately leads to death. This is why hypothermia is an extremely dangerous condition.\nAs hypothermia progresses through the stages, symptoms become more severe and dangerous. A\n2021 review article\ndescribes the symptoms in adults as follows:\nMild hypothermia\nSymptoms in this stage include:\nbody temperature of 90–95°F (32–35°C)\ntiredness\nshivering\nhunger\nnausea\nskin that is dry and paler than usual\nfast heart rate\nincreased muscle tone\nincreased blood pressure\ndecline in memory, judgment, and thinking ability\nunclear speech\nloss of control of body movements\nfrequent urination\nModerate hypothermia\nTypically, shivering stops between 86–90°F (30–32°C). Other symptoms of moderate hypothermia include:\nbody temperature of 82–90°F (28–32°C)\ncontinued decline in thinking ability\nlethargy\nenlarged and less responsive pupils\nlow blood pressure\nslow heart rate\nslow breathing rate\nparadoxical undressing, or removal of clothes\nincreased susceptibility to abnormal heart rhythms\nSevere hypothermia\nSymptoms of this stage include:\nbody temperature of less than 82°F (28°C)\ncontinued decline in blood flow to the brain, leading to unresponsiveness\ncontinued decline in blood pressure, heart rate, and heart output\nincreased susceptibility to abnormal heart rhythms\ncongestion in lungs\nproduction of a very small amount of urine\nloss of reflexes\nultimately, failure of heart and lung function\nTreatment depends on the degree of hypothermia, but the aim is to make the person warmer. It involves first aid and clinical treatment.\nFirst aid\nAnyone with symptoms of hypothermia needs immediate medical attention. Until help arrives, the\nCDC\nrecommends:\nmoving the person to a warm, dry place, if possible, or sheltering them from the elements\ntaking off any wet clothing\ncovering the person with an electric blanket, if available, or dry layers of towels, clothing, or blankets\nmaking skin-to-skin contact with another individual\nhaving the person drink a warm beverage, excluding alcohol, if they are not unconscious\navoiding moving or jostling the person, as doing so can trigger a fatal heart rhythm abnormality\nIf someone has severe hypothermia, they may be unconscious. They may also appear not to have a pulse or be breathing. If this occurs, a bystander should perform CPR and continue it until help arrives. Sometimes people with hypothermia who appear to be dead can resuscitate.\nClinical treatment\nResearch\nstates that clinical treatment may include the following options:\nPassive external rewarming:\nThis entails removing the person’s wet clothing and covering them with layers of insulation.\nActive external rewarming:\nThis involves methods such as water immersion and using a heating unit to transfer heat through convection. However, water immersion poses the danger of triggering collapse of the heart and blood vessels.\nActive core rewarming:\nThis involves irrigating body cavities with warm, intravenous fluids. Other options include the use of warming that originates from outside the body, such as hemodialysis, which is filtering of the blood with a machine that acts as an artificial kidney.\nA\n2018 study\nprovides the following prevention recommendations:\nCheck the weather forecast before going outdoors, and dress appropriately.\nAvoid drinking alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, as they increase heat loss.\nWear multiple layers of clothing, including a hat, scarf, and gloves.\nSet the home thermostat to 68°F (20°C) or higher, and dress warmly.\nKeep space heaters, which are an acceptable indoor heat source, away from flammable objects and ensure smoke and carbon monoxide detectors work.\nPlace rolled towels underneath home doors to prevent drafts.\nCheck on elderly neighbors, and make sure they have enough heat and food.\nDress babies warmly, and limit their exposure to cold temperatures.\nIn winter, unexpected events can occur that pose a danger of hypothermia, such as home power outages and running out of gas while driving. To offset the risk of these events, experts\nrecommend\nkeeping winter survival kits at home and in the car.\nCertain medications, specifically\npsychiatric medications\n, may increase a person’s risk of hypothermia. An individual may consider asking their doctor or pharmacist whether their medication could increase their risk of hypothermia.\nHome survival kits may include:\nextra food and water\nan emergency heating source\na fire extinguisher and smoke detector\nCar survival kits may include:\nsleeping bags and blankets\nhigh calorie, nonperishable food\nextra clothing to keep dry\nwater container\nwaterproof matches\nWhen doctors examine a person, the key symptoms and signs\nbelow\nindicate a diagnosis of hypothermia:\nbody temperature below 95°F (35°C)\nshivering\nimpaired mental state\nfrostbite, which is injury to body tissues resulting from freezing\nOther telltale symptoms inlude:\nfrequent urination\nfast heart rate, fast breathing, and high blood pressure in mild hypothermia\nslow heart rate, slow breathing, and low blood pressure in moderate hypothermia\na long pause in breathing or coma in severe hypothermia\nEvidence\nshows that the diagnostic process should also include blood tests to measure:\nblood sugar\nelectrolytes, such as sodium and potassium\nsubstances that show kidney function\nDoctors may order an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart function. They may also use imaging tests, such as X-rays, to assess the effects of a stroke or trauma that led to prolonged exposure to cold. Additionally, a doctor may use other lab studies and tests to detect potential complications and underlying causes of hypothermia.\nExposure to cold temperatures or falling into cold water can cause hypothermia.\nThe\nCDC\nnotes that temperatures do not have to be excessively cold for hypothermia to develop. If the air temperature is 40°F (4.4°C) and someone is wet, they can develop hypothermia.\nCertain factors or conditions can make an individual more susceptible to hypothermia. These\ninclude\n:\nextremes of age\nlow blood sugar\nmalnutrition\nskin disorders, such as burns and psoriasis\nstroke\nendocrine disorders, such as hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency, which are conditions affecting parts of the body that produce hormones\nsubstance use disorder\nneurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia\ndilated blood vessels due to conditions such as spinal cord injuries\nsepsis, which is an extreme response to infection\nDoctors diagnose hypothermia if a person’s body temperature falls below\n95°F (35°C)\n. Shivering, impaired thinking ability, and frostbite are also key indications of the condition.\nWhen spending time in cold environments, someone may not have access to a thermometer to take their temperature. With this in mind, it helps to be familiar with the symptoms of hypothermia. Even mild symptoms indicate the need for immediate medical attention.\nEmploying prevention measures, such as checking the weather forecast before going out, can reduce the likelihood of hypothermia. Keeping a winter survival kit in the home and the car could enable people to survive prolonged exposure to cold.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  Health Conditions\n  \n  - [Alzheimer's & Dementia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/alzheimers-and-dementia)\n  - [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/anxiety)\n  - [Asthma & Allergies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/asthma-and-allergies)\n  - [Atopic Dermatitis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/program\/investigating-atopic-dermatitis)\n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cancer)\n  - [Cardiovascular Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cardiovascular-health)\n  - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/coronavirus?correlationId=2b137d5a-dcfb-464e-9ea6-72c5a54b4e92)\n  - [Diabetes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/diabetes)\n  - [Endometriosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/endometriosis)\n  - [Environment & Sustainability](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/environment-and-sustainability)\n  - 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[Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n  - [Conscious Language](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/conscious-language)\n  \n  Find Community\n  \n  - [Bezzy Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.bezzybc.com\/lp\/2\/?verzenio&utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  - [Bezzy MS](https:\/\/www.bezzyms.com\/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  - [Bezzy Migraine](https:\/\/www.bezzymigraine.com\/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  - [Bezzy Psoriasis](https:\/\/www.bezzypsoriasis.com\/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  \n  Follow Us\n\nSubscribe\n\n# Everything you need to know about hypothermia\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Erica-Ramirez-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Erica Ramirez, PA-C]() — Written by Sy Kraft —  [Updated on April 24, 2023]()\n\n- [What is hypothermia?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/182197#what-is-hypothermia)\n- [Symptoms by stage](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/182197#symptoms-by-stage)\n- [Treatment](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/182197#treatment)\n- [Prevention](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/182197#prevention)\n- [Diagnosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/182197#diagnosis)\n- [Causes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/182197#causes)\n- [Summary](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/182197#summary)\n\nHypothermia is a condition involving a low body temperature, usually below 95°F (35°C). Shivering, pale skin, unclear speech, and a fast heart rate can be signs of hypothermia. It is a medical emergency.\n\nThe stages of hypothermia range from mild to severe. Even the mild stage is an emergency, and a bystander [should](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/disasters\/winter\/staysafe\/hypothermia.html) call 911 if they notice its signs. While waiting on help to arrive, first aid treatment entails getting the individual to a warm, dry place and removing any wet clothing.\n\nThe underlying cause of hypothermia is prolonged exposure to cold. That said, other factors and conditions can increase the risk, [including](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/) extremes in age and certain health conditions, such as malnutrition.\n\nKeep reading to learn more about the treatment, symptoms, prevention, diagnosis, and causes of hypothermia.\n\n## [What is hypothermia?]()\n![Person experiencing hypothermia on a cold, frosty day.](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/hypothermia_woman_header-1024x575.jpg?w=1155&h=1528)\n\n[Share on Pinterest](https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F182197&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2021%2F11%2Fhypothermia_woman_header-1024x575.jpg&description=Hypothermia%3A%20Symptoms%2C%20treatment%2C%20stages%2C%20and%20more \"Share on Pinterest\")\n\nWestend61\/Getty Images\n\nHypothermia is an abnormally low body temperature of below [95°F (35°C)](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/disasters\/winter\/staysafe\/hypothermia.html). This happens when a person experiences cold temperatures for a prolonged period.\n\nWhile normal metabolic processes in the body generate heat, wintry weather can cause the body to lose more heat than it generates. When this occurs, the core temperature drops.\n\nA structure in the brain called the hypothalamus regulates body temperature. [Findings](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/) show that when someone is exposed to cold, the hypothalamus raises body temperature through measures such as increasing muscle tone and shivering.\n\nHowever, if exposure to cold continues, it will eventually overwhelm the body, and shivering will stop. At this point, multiple organs may stop functioning, which ultimately leads to death. This is why hypothermia is an extremely dangerous condition.\n\n## [Symptoms in stages]()\nSymptoms in babies differ from symptoms in adults, note the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/disasters\/winter\/staysafe\/hypothermia.html). Babies may have very low energy and bright red, cold skin.\n\nAs hypothermia progresses through the stages, symptoms become more severe and dangerous. A [2021 review article](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/) describes the symptoms in adults as follows:\n\n### Mild hypothermia\n[Share on Pinterest](https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F182197&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2021%2F11%2Fmild_hypothermia-1024x1024.png&description=Hypothermia%3A%20Symptoms%2C%20treatment%2C%20stages%2C%20and%20more \"Share on Pinterest\")\n\nInfographic by Yaja Mulcare.\n\nSymptoms in this stage include:\n\n- body temperature of 90–95°F (32–35°C)\n- tiredness\n- [shivering](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322515)\n- hunger\n- nausea\n- skin that is dry and paler than usual\n- fast heart rate\n- increased muscle tone\n- increased blood pressure\n- decline in memory, judgment, and thinking ability\n- unclear speech\n- loss of control of body movements\n- frequent urination\n### Moderate hypothermia\n[Share on Pinterest](https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F182197&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2021%2F11%2Fmoderate_hypothermia-1024x1024.png&description=Hypothermia%3A%20Symptoms%2C%20treatment%2C%20stages%2C%20and%20more \"Share on Pinterest\")\n\nInfographic by Yaja Mulcare\n\nTypically, shivering stops between 86–90°F (30–32°C). Other symptoms of moderate hypothermia include:\n\n- body temperature of 82–90°F (28–32°C)\n- continued decline in thinking ability\n- lethargy\n- enlarged and less responsive pupils\n- low blood pressure\n- slow heart rate\n- slow breathing rate\n- paradoxical undressing, or removal of clothes\n- increased susceptibility to abnormal heart rhythms\n### Severe hypothermia\n[Share on Pinterest](https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F182197&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2021%2F11%2Fsevere_hypothermia-1024x1024.png&description=Hypothermia%3A%20Symptoms%2C%20treatment%2C%20stages%2C%20and%20more \"Share on Pinterest\")\n\nInfographic by Yaja Mulcare\n\nSymptoms of this stage include:\n\n- body temperature of less than 82°F (28°C)\n- continued decline in blood flow to the brain, leading to unresponsiveness\n- continued decline in blood pressure, heart rate, and heart output\n- increased susceptibility to abnormal heart rhythms\n- congestion in lungs\n- production of a very small amount of urine\n- loss of reflexes\n- ultimately, failure of heart and lung function\n\n## [Treatment]()\nTreatment depends on the degree of hypothermia, but the aim is to make the person warmer. It involves first aid and clinical treatment.\n\n### First aid\nAnyone with symptoms of hypothermia needs immediate medical attention. Until help arrives, the [CDC](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/disasters\/winter\/staysafe\/hypothermia.html) recommends:\n\n- moving the person to a warm, dry place, if possible, or sheltering them from the elements\n- taking off any wet clothing\n- covering the person with an electric blanket, if available, or dry layers of towels, clothing, or blankets\n- making skin-to-skin contact with another individual\n- having the person drink a warm beverage, excluding alcohol, if they are not unconscious\n- avoiding moving or jostling the person, as doing so can trigger a fatal heart rhythm abnormality\n\nIf someone has severe hypothermia, they may be unconscious. They may also appear not to have a pulse or be breathing. If this occurs, a bystander should perform CPR and continue it until help arrives. Sometimes people with hypothermia who appear to be dead can resuscitate.\n\n### Clinical treatment\n[Research](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/) states that clinical treatment may include the following options:\n\n- **Passive external rewarming:** This entails removing the person’s wet clothing and covering them with layers of insulation.\n- **Active external rewarming:** This involves methods such as water immersion and using a heating unit to transfer heat through convection. However, water immersion poses the danger of triggering collapse of the heart and blood vessels.\n- **Active core rewarming:** This involves irrigating body cavities with warm, intravenous fluids. Other options include the use of warming that originates from outside the body, such as hemodialysis, which is filtering of the blood with a machine that acts as an artificial kidney.\n\n## [Prevention]()\nA [2018 study](https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2676112) provides the following prevention recommendations:\n\n- Check the weather forecast before going outdoors, and dress appropriately.\n- Avoid drinking alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, as they increase heat loss.\n- Wear multiple layers of clothing, including a hat, scarf, and gloves.\n- Set the home thermostat to 68°F (20°C) or higher, and dress warmly.\n- Keep space heaters, which are an acceptable indoor heat source, away from flammable objects and ensure smoke and carbon monoxide detectors work.\n- Place rolled towels underneath home doors to prevent drafts.\n- Check on elderly neighbors, and make sure they have enough heat and food.\n- Dress babies warmly, and limit their exposure to cold temperatures.\n\nIn winter, unexpected events can occur that pose a danger of hypothermia, such as home power outages and running out of gas while driving. To offset the risk of these events, experts [recommend](https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/safety\/winter-before) keeping winter survival kits at home and in the car.\n\nCertain medications, specifically [psychiatric medications](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/labs\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5594062\/), may increase a person’s risk of hypothermia. An individual may consider asking their doctor or pharmacist whether their medication could increase their risk of hypothermia.\n\nHome survival kits may include:\n\n- extra food and water\n- an emergency heating source\n- a fire extinguisher and smoke detector\n\nCar survival kits may include:\n\n- sleeping bags and blankets\n- high calorie, nonperishable food\n- extra clothing to keep dry\n- water container\n- waterproof matches\n\n## [Diagnosis]()\nWhen doctors examine a person, the key symptoms and signs [below](https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/topics\/en-us\/654) indicate a diagnosis of hypothermia:\n\n- body temperature below 95°F (35°C)\n- shivering\n- impaired mental state\n- frostbite, which is injury to body tissues resulting from freezing\n\nOther telltale symptoms inlude:\n\n- frequent urination\n- fast heart rate, fast breathing, and high blood pressure in mild hypothermia\n- slow heart rate, slow breathing, and low blood pressure in moderate hypothermia\n- a long pause in breathing or coma in severe hypothermia\n\n[Evidence](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/) shows that the diagnostic process should also include blood tests to measure:\n\n- blood sugar\n- electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium\n- substances that show kidney function\n\nDoctors may order an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart function. They may also use imaging tests, such as X-rays, to assess the effects of a stroke or trauma that led to prolonged exposure to cold. Additionally, a doctor may use other lab studies and tests to detect potential complications and underlying causes of hypothermia.\n\n## [Causes]()\nExposure to cold temperatures or falling into cold water can cause hypothermia.\n\nThe [CDC](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/disasters\/winter\/staysafe\/hypothermia.html) notes that temperatures do not have to be excessively cold for hypothermia to develop. If the air temperature is 40°F (4.4°C) and someone is wet, they can develop hypothermia.\n\nCertain factors or conditions can make an individual more susceptible to hypothermia. These [include](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/):\n\n- extremes of age\n- low blood sugar\n- malnutrition\n- skin disorders, such as burns and psoriasis\n- stroke\n- endocrine disorders, such as hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency, which are conditions affecting parts of the body that produce hormones\n- substance use disorder\n- neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia\n- dilated blood vessels due to conditions such as spinal cord injuries\n- sepsis, which is an extreme response to infection\n\n## [Summary]()\nDoctors diagnose hypothermia if a person’s body temperature falls below [95°F (35°C)](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/disasters\/winter\/staysafe\/hypothermia.html). Shivering, impaired thinking ability, and frostbite are also key indications of the condition.\n\nWhen spending time in cold environments, someone may not have access to a thermometer to take their temperature. With this in mind, it helps to be familiar with the symptoms of hypothermia. Even mild symptoms indicate the need for immediate medical attention.\n\nEmploying prevention measures, such as checking the weather forecast before going out, can reduce the likelihood of hypothermia. Keeping a winter survival kit in the home and the car could enable people to survive prolonged exposure to cold.\n\n- [Public Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/public-health)\n- [Pediatrics \/ Children's Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/pediatrics)\n- [Seniors \/ Aging](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/seniors)\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nMedical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/process).\n\n- Duong, H., *et al*. (2021). Hypothermia.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/>\n- Hypothermia. (2021).  \n  <https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/topics\/en-us\/654>\n- Peiris, A. N., *et al*. (2018). Hypothermia.  \n  <https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2676112>\n- Prepare! Don’t let a winter storm take you by surprise. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/safety\/winter-before>\n- Prevent hypothermia and frostbite. (2019).  \n  <https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/disasters\/winter\/staysafe\/hypothermia.html>\n- Zonnenberg, C., *et al*. (2017). Hypothermia due to antipsychotic medication: A systematic review.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/labs\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5594062\/>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Erica-Ramirez-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Erica Ramirez, PA-C]() — Written by Sy Kraft —  [Updated on April 24, 2023]()\n\n## Latest news\n- [9 steps to improve heart health, per new dietary guidance from AHA](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/9-steps-improve-heart-health-diet-guidance-aha)\n- [AI model can accurately predict liver cancer risk, study suggests](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ai-model-accurately-predict-liver-cancer-risk)\n- [AI-powered stroke tool linked to improved patient outcomes in large clinical trial](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ai-powered-stroke-tool-linked-improved-patient-outcomes-large-clinical-trial)\n- [Eating same meals on repeat, and more at weekends may help you lose more weight](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/eating-same-meals-repeat-more-weekends-may-help-lose-more-weight)\n- [Cooking at least one meal at home weekly may cut dementia risk by up to 67%](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cooking-at-least-one-meal-at-home-weekly-may-cut-dementia-risk)\n\n### Related Coverage\n- [What to know about frostbite](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/166187?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Vincent J. Tavella DVM, MPH](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n  \n  [Frostbite can happen when extreme cold freezes the skin and other tissues. This can lead to serious long-term damage, and even loss of limbs. People…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/166187?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/166187?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Japan becomes first to approve stem cell therapies for Parkinson’s and heart failure](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/japan-first-approve-stem-cell-treatments-parkinsons-heart-failure?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Japan has approved two stem cell-based therapies for treating Parkinson's disease and heart failure in a world first, through its Conditional and Time-](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/japan-first-approve-stem-cell-treatments-parkinsons-heart-failure?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/japan-first-approve-stem-cell-treatments-parkinsons-heart-failure?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [AI model may identify high-risk patients for post-transplant complications](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ai-model-predict-high-risk-post-transplant-complications?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [A recent study suggests that a freely available AI tool could help predict dangerous complications after stem cell transplants.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ai-model-predict-high-risk-post-transplant-complications?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ai-model-predict-high-risk-post-transplant-complications?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [US vaccine guideline changes challenge clinical practice, insurance coverage](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/us-vaccine-changes-challenge-clinical-practice-insurance-coverage?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Recent changes to the national immunization schedules have raised questions and caused confusion that could complicate care decisions and coverage…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/us-vaccine-changes-challenge-clinical-practice-insurance-coverage?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/us-vaccine-changes-challenge-clinical-practice-insurance-coverage?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Is ChatGPT the future of AI medical advice? Expert explains pros and cons](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-chatgpt-health-the-future-of-ai-medical-advice?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Following the release of ChatGPT Health, due to an increased interest in AI-driven medical guidance, MNT discusses the role of AI health advice with…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-chatgpt-health-the-future-of-ai-medical-advice?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/is-chatgpt-health-the-future-of-ai-medical-advice?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. 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Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Hypothermia is a condition involving a low body temperature, usually below 95°F (35°C). Shivering, pale skin, unclear speech, and a fast heart rate can be signs of hypothermia. It is a medical emergency.\n\nThe stages of hypothermia range from mild to severe. Even the mild stage is an emergency, and a bystander [should](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/disasters\/winter\/staysafe\/hypothermia.html) call 911 if they notice its signs. While waiting on help to arrive, first aid treatment entails getting the individual to a warm, dry place and removing any wet clothing.\n\nThe underlying cause of hypothermia is prolonged exposure to cold. That said, other factors and conditions can increase the risk, [including](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/) extremes in age and certain health conditions, such as malnutrition.\n\nKeep reading to learn more about the treatment, symptoms, prevention, diagnosis, and causes of hypothermia.\n\nHypothermia is an abnormally low body temperature of below [95°F (35°C)](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/disasters\/winter\/staysafe\/hypothermia.html). This happens when a person experiences cold temperatures for a prolonged period.\n\nWhile normal metabolic processes in the body generate heat, wintry weather can cause the body to lose more heat than it generates. When this occurs, the core temperature drops.\n\nA structure in the brain called the hypothalamus regulates body temperature. [Findings](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/) show that when someone is exposed to cold, the hypothalamus raises body temperature through measures such as increasing muscle tone and shivering.\n\nHowever, if exposure to cold continues, it will eventually overwhelm the body, and shivering will stop. At this point, multiple organs may stop functioning, which ultimately leads to death. This is why hypothermia is an extremely dangerous condition.\n\nAs hypothermia progresses through the stages, symptoms become more severe and dangerous. A [2021 review article](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/) describes the symptoms in adults as follows:\n\nMild hypothermia\n\nSymptoms in this stage include:\n\n- body temperature of 90–95°F (32–35°C)\n- tiredness\n- [shivering](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322515)\n- hunger\n- nausea\n- skin that is dry and paler than usual\n- fast heart rate\n- increased muscle tone\n- increased blood pressure\n- decline in memory, judgment, and thinking ability\n- unclear speech\n- loss of control of body movements\n- frequent urination\n\nModerate hypothermia\n\nTypically, shivering stops between 86–90°F (30–32°C). Other symptoms of moderate hypothermia include:\n\n- body temperature of 82–90°F (28–32°C)\n- continued decline in thinking ability\n- lethargy\n- enlarged and less responsive pupils\n- low blood pressure\n- slow heart rate\n- slow breathing rate\n- paradoxical undressing, or removal of clothes\n- increased susceptibility to abnormal heart rhythms\n\nSevere hypothermia\n\nSymptoms of this stage include:\n\n- body temperature of less than 82°F (28°C)\n- continued decline in blood flow to the brain, leading to unresponsiveness\n- continued decline in blood pressure, heart rate, and heart output\n- increased susceptibility to abnormal heart rhythms\n- congestion in lungs\n- production of a very small amount of urine\n- loss of reflexes\n- ultimately, failure of heart and lung function\n\nTreatment depends on the degree of hypothermia, but the aim is to make the person warmer. It involves first aid and clinical treatment.\n\nFirst aid\n\nAnyone with symptoms of hypothermia needs immediate medical attention. Until help arrives, the [CDC](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/disasters\/winter\/staysafe\/hypothermia.html) recommends:\n\n- moving the person to a warm, dry place, if possible, or sheltering them from the elements\n- taking off any wet clothing\n- covering the person with an electric blanket, if available, or dry layers of towels, clothing, or blankets\n- making skin-to-skin contact with another individual\n- having the person drink a warm beverage, excluding alcohol, if they are not unconscious\n- avoiding moving or jostling the person, as doing so can trigger a fatal heart rhythm abnormality\n\nIf someone has severe hypothermia, they may be unconscious. They may also appear not to have a pulse or be breathing. If this occurs, a bystander should perform CPR and continue it until help arrives. Sometimes people with hypothermia who appear to be dead can resuscitate.\n\nClinical treatment\n\n[Research](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/) states that clinical treatment may include the following options:\n\n- **Passive external rewarming:** This entails removing the person’s wet clothing and covering them with layers of insulation.\n- **Active external rewarming:** This involves methods such as water immersion and using a heating unit to transfer heat through convection. However, water immersion poses the danger of triggering collapse of the heart and blood vessels.\n- **Active core rewarming:** This involves irrigating body cavities with warm, intravenous fluids. Other options include the use of warming that originates from outside the body, such as hemodialysis, which is filtering of the blood with a machine that acts as an artificial kidney.\n\nA [2018 study](https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2676112) provides the following prevention recommendations:\n\n- Check the weather forecast before going outdoors, and dress appropriately.\n- Avoid drinking alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, as they increase heat loss.\n- Wear multiple layers of clothing, including a hat, scarf, and gloves.\n- Set the home thermostat to 68°F (20°C) or higher, and dress warmly.\n- Keep space heaters, which are an acceptable indoor heat source, away from flammable objects and ensure smoke and carbon monoxide detectors work.\n- Place rolled towels underneath home doors to prevent drafts.\n- Check on elderly neighbors, and make sure they have enough heat and food.\n- Dress babies warmly, and limit their exposure to cold temperatures.\n\nIn winter, unexpected events can occur that pose a danger of hypothermia, such as home power outages and running out of gas while driving. To offset the risk of these events, experts [recommend](https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/safety\/winter-before) keeping winter survival kits at home and in the car.\n\nCertain medications, specifically [psychiatric medications](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/labs\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5594062\/), may increase a person’s risk of hypothermia. An individual may consider asking their doctor or pharmacist whether their medication could increase their risk of hypothermia.\n\nHome survival kits may include:\n\n- extra food and water\n- an emergency heating source\n- a fire extinguisher and smoke detector\n\nCar survival kits may include:\n\n- sleeping bags and blankets\n- high calorie, nonperishable food\n- extra clothing to keep dry\n- water container\n- waterproof matches\n\nWhen doctors examine a person, the key symptoms and signs [below](https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/topics\/en-us\/654) indicate a diagnosis of hypothermia:\n\n- body temperature below 95°F (35°C)\n- shivering\n- impaired mental state\n- frostbite, which is injury to body tissues resulting from freezing\n\nOther telltale symptoms inlude:\n\n- frequent urination\n- fast heart rate, fast breathing, and high blood pressure in mild hypothermia\n- slow heart rate, slow breathing, and low blood pressure in moderate hypothermia\n- a long pause in breathing or coma in severe hypothermia\n\n[Evidence](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/) shows that the diagnostic process should also include blood tests to measure:\n\n- blood sugar\n- electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium\n- substances that show kidney function\n\nDoctors may order an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart function. They may also use imaging tests, such as X-rays, to assess the effects of a stroke or trauma that led to prolonged exposure to cold. Additionally, a doctor may use other lab studies and tests to detect potential complications and underlying causes of hypothermia.\n\nExposure to cold temperatures or falling into cold water can cause hypothermia.\n\nThe [CDC](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/disasters\/winter\/staysafe\/hypothermia.html) notes that temperatures do not have to be excessively cold for hypothermia to develop. If the air temperature is 40°F (4.4°C) and someone is wet, they can develop hypothermia.\n\nCertain factors or conditions can make an individual more susceptible to hypothermia. These [include](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545239\/):\n\n- extremes of age\n- low blood sugar\n- malnutrition\n- skin disorders, such as burns and psoriasis\n- stroke\n- endocrine disorders, such as hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency, which are conditions affecting parts of the body that produce hormones\n- substance use disorder\n- neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia\n- dilated blood vessels due to conditions such as spinal cord injuries\n- sepsis, which is an extreme response to infection\n\nDoctors diagnose hypothermia if a person’s body temperature falls below [95°F (35°C)](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/disasters\/winter\/staysafe\/hypothermia.html). Shivering, impaired thinking ability, and frostbite are also key indications of the condition.\n\nWhen spending time in cold environments, someone may not have access to a thermometer to take their temperature. With this in mind, it helps to be familiar with the symptoms of hypothermia. Even mild symptoms indicate the need for immediate medical attention.\n\nEmploying prevention measures, such as checking the weather forecast before going out, can reduce the likelihood of hypothermia. Keeping a winter survival kit in the home and the car could enable people to survive prolonged exposure to cold.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Hypothermia is a condition involving a low body temperature, usually below 95°F (35°C). Shivering, pale skin, unclear speech, and a fast heart rate can be signs of hypothermia. It is a medical emergency. The stages of hypothermia range from mild to severe. Even the mild stage is an emergency, and a bystander should call 911 if they notice its signs. While waiting on help to arrive, first aid treatment entails getting the individual to a warm, dry place and removing any wet clothing. The underlying cause of hypothermia is prolonged exposure to cold. That said, other factors and conditions can increase the risk, including extremes in age and certain health conditions, such as malnutrition. Keep reading to learn more about the treatment, symptoms, prevention, diagnosis, and causes of hypothermia. Hypothermia is an abnormally low body temperature of below 95°F (35°C) . This happens when a person experiences cold temperatures for a prolonged period. While normal metabolic processes in the body generate heat, wintry weather can cause the body to lose more heat than it generates. When this occurs, the core temperature drops. A structure in the brain called the hypothalamus regulates body temperature. Findings show that when someone is exposed to cold, the hypothalamus raises body temperature through measures such as increasing muscle tone and shivering. However, if exposure to cold continues, it will eventually overwhelm the body, and shivering will stop. At this point, multiple organs may stop functioning, which ultimately leads to death. This is why hypothermia is an extremely dangerous condition. As hypothermia progresses through the stages, symptoms become more severe and dangerous. A 2021 review article describes the symptoms in adults as follows: Mild hypothermia Symptoms in this stage include: body temperature of 90–95°F (32–35°C) tiredness shivering hunger nausea skin that is dry and paler than usual fast heart rate increased muscle tone increased blood pressure decline in memory, judgment, and thinking ability unclear speech loss of control of body movements frequent urination Moderate hypothermia Typically, shivering stops between 86–90°F (30–32°C). Other symptoms of moderate hypothermia include: body temperature of 82–90°F (28–32°C) continued decline in thinking ability lethargy enlarged and less responsive pupils low blood pressure slow heart rate slow breathing rate paradoxical undressing, or removal of clothes increased susceptibility to abnormal heart rhythms Severe hypothermia Symptoms of this stage include: body temperature of less than 82°F (28°C) continued decline in blood flow to the brain, leading to unresponsiveness continued decline in blood pressure, heart rate, and heart output increased susceptibility to abnormal heart rhythms congestion in lungs production of a very small amount of urine loss of reflexes ultimately, failure of heart and lung function Treatment depends on the degree of hypothermia, but the aim is to make the person warmer. It involves first aid and clinical treatment. First aid Anyone with symptoms of hypothermia needs immediate medical attention. Until help arrives, the CDC recommends: moving the person to a warm, dry place, if possible, or sheltering them from the elements taking off any wet clothing covering the person with an electric blanket, if available, or dry layers of towels, clothing, or blankets making skin-to-skin contact with another individual having the person drink a warm beverage, excluding alcohol, if they are not unconscious avoiding moving or jostling the person, as doing so can trigger a fatal heart rhythm abnormality If someone has severe hypothermia, they may be unconscious. They may also appear not to have a pulse or be breathing. If this occurs, a bystander should perform CPR and continue it until help arrives. Sometimes people with hypothermia who appear to be dead can resuscitate. Clinical treatment Research states that clinical treatment may include the following options: Passive external rewarming: This entails removing the person’s wet clothing and covering them with layers of insulation. Active external rewarming: This involves methods such as water immersion and using a heating unit to transfer heat through convection. However, water immersion poses the danger of triggering collapse of the heart and blood vessels. Active core rewarming: This involves irrigating body cavities with warm, intravenous fluids. Other options include the use of warming that originates from outside the body, such as hemodialysis, which is filtering of the blood with a machine that acts as an artificial kidney. A 2018 study provides the following prevention recommendations: Check the weather forecast before going outdoors, and dress appropriately. Avoid drinking alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, as they increase heat loss. Wear multiple layers of clothing, including a hat, scarf, and gloves. Set the home thermostat to 68°F (20°C) or higher, and dress warmly. Keep space heaters, which are an acceptable indoor heat source, away from flammable objects and ensure smoke and carbon monoxide detectors work. Place rolled towels underneath home doors to prevent drafts. Check on elderly neighbors, and make sure they have enough heat and food. Dress babies warmly, and limit their exposure to cold temperatures. In winter, unexpected events can occur that pose a danger of hypothermia, such as home power outages and running out of gas while driving. To offset the risk of these events, experts recommend keeping winter survival kits at home and in the car. Certain medications, specifically psychiatric medications , may increase a person’s risk of hypothermia. An individual may consider asking their doctor or pharmacist whether their medication could increase their risk of hypothermia. Home survival kits may include: extra food and water an emergency heating source a fire extinguisher and smoke detector Car survival kits may include: sleeping bags and blankets high calorie, nonperishable food extra clothing to keep dry water container waterproof matches When doctors examine a person, the key symptoms and signs below indicate a diagnosis of hypothermia: body temperature below 95°F (35°C) shivering impaired mental state frostbite, which is injury to body tissues resulting from freezing Other telltale symptoms inlude: frequent urination fast heart rate, fast breathing, and high blood pressure in mild hypothermia slow heart rate, slow breathing, and low blood pressure in moderate hypothermia a long pause in breathing or coma in severe hypothermia Evidence shows that the diagnostic process should also include blood tests to measure: blood sugar electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium substances that show kidney function Doctors may order an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart function. They may also use imaging tests, such as X-rays, to assess the effects of a stroke or trauma that led to prolonged exposure to cold. Additionally, a doctor may use other lab studies and tests to detect potential complications and underlying causes of hypothermia. Exposure to cold temperatures or falling into cold water can cause hypothermia. The CDC notes that temperatures do not have to be excessively cold for hypothermia to develop. If the air temperature is 40°F (4.4°C) and someone is wet, they can develop hypothermia. Certain factors or conditions can make an individual more susceptible to hypothermia. These include : extremes of age low blood sugar malnutrition skin disorders, such as burns and psoriasis stroke endocrine disorders, such as hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency, which are conditions affecting parts of the body that produce hormones substance use disorder neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia dilated blood vessels due to conditions such as spinal cord injuries sepsis, which is an extreme response to infection Doctors diagnose hypothermia if a person’s body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C) . Shivering, impaired thinking ability, and frostbite are also key indications of the condition. When spending time in cold environments, someone may not have access to a thermometer to take their temperature. With this in mind, it helps to be familiar with the symptoms of hypothermia. Even mild symptoms indicate the need for immediate medical attention. Employing prevention measures, such as checking the weather forecast before going out, can reduce the likelihood of hypothermia. Keeping a winter survival kit in the home and the car could enable people to survive prolonged exposure to cold.
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[Bezzy Psoriasis](https://www.bezzypsoriasis.com/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect) Follow Us Subscribe # Everything you need to know about hypothermia ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Erica-Ramirez-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Erica Ramirez, PA-C]() — Written by Sy Kraft — [Updated on April 24, 2023]() - [What is hypothermia?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182197#what-is-hypothermia) - [Symptoms by stage](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182197#symptoms-by-stage) - [Treatment](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182197#treatment) - [Prevention](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182197#prevention) - [Diagnosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182197#diagnosis) - [Causes](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182197#causes) - [Summary](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182197#summary) Hypothermia is a condition involving a low body temperature, usually below 95°F (35°C). Shivering, pale skin, unclear speech, and a fast heart rate can be signs of hypothermia. It is a medical emergency. The stages of hypothermia range from mild to severe. Even the mild stage is an emergency, and a bystander [should](https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html) call 911 if they notice its signs. While waiting on help to arrive, first aid treatment entails getting the individual to a warm, dry place and removing any wet clothing. The underlying cause of hypothermia is prolonged exposure to cold. That said, other factors and conditions can increase the risk, [including](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/) extremes in age and certain health conditions, such as malnutrition. Keep reading to learn more about the treatment, symptoms, prevention, diagnosis, and causes of hypothermia. ## [What is hypothermia?]() ![Person experiencing hypothermia on a cold, frosty day.](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/11/hypothermia_woman_header-1024x575.jpg?w=1155&h=1528) [Share on Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F182197&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2021%2F11%2Fhypothermia_woman_header-1024x575.jpg&description=Hypothermia%3A%20Symptoms%2C%20treatment%2C%20stages%2C%20and%20more "Share on Pinterest") Westend61/Getty Images Hypothermia is an abnormally low body temperature of below [95°F (35°C)](https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html). This happens when a person experiences cold temperatures for a prolonged period. While normal metabolic processes in the body generate heat, wintry weather can cause the body to lose more heat than it generates. When this occurs, the core temperature drops. A structure in the brain called the hypothalamus regulates body temperature. [Findings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/) show that when someone is exposed to cold, the hypothalamus raises body temperature through measures such as increasing muscle tone and shivering. However, if exposure to cold continues, it will eventually overwhelm the body, and shivering will stop. At this point, multiple organs may stop functioning, which ultimately leads to death. This is why hypothermia is an extremely dangerous condition. ## [Symptoms in stages]() Symptoms in babies differ from symptoms in adults, note the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)](https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html). Babies may have very low energy and bright red, cold skin. As hypothermia progresses through the stages, symptoms become more severe and dangerous. A [2021 review article](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/) describes the symptoms in adults as follows: ### Mild hypothermia [Share on Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F182197&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2021%2F11%2Fmild_hypothermia-1024x1024.png&description=Hypothermia%3A%20Symptoms%2C%20treatment%2C%20stages%2C%20and%20more "Share on Pinterest") Infographic by Yaja Mulcare. Symptoms in this stage include: - body temperature of 90–95°F (32–35°C) - tiredness - [shivering](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322515) - hunger - nausea - skin that is dry and paler than usual - fast heart rate - increased muscle tone - increased blood pressure - decline in memory, judgment, and thinking ability - unclear speech - loss of control of body movements - frequent urination ### Moderate hypothermia [Share on Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F182197&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2021%2F11%2Fmoderate_hypothermia-1024x1024.png&description=Hypothermia%3A%20Symptoms%2C%20treatment%2C%20stages%2C%20and%20more "Share on Pinterest") Infographic by Yaja Mulcare Typically, shivering stops between 86–90°F (30–32°C). Other symptoms of moderate hypothermia include: - body temperature of 82–90°F (28–32°C) - continued decline in thinking ability - lethargy - enlarged and less responsive pupils - low blood pressure - slow heart rate - slow breathing rate - paradoxical undressing, or removal of clothes - increased susceptibility to abnormal heart rhythms ### Severe hypothermia [Share on Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F182197&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2021%2F11%2Fsevere_hypothermia-1024x1024.png&description=Hypothermia%3A%20Symptoms%2C%20treatment%2C%20stages%2C%20and%20more "Share on Pinterest") Infographic by Yaja Mulcare Symptoms of this stage include: - body temperature of less than 82°F (28°C) - continued decline in blood flow to the brain, leading to unresponsiveness - continued decline in blood pressure, heart rate, and heart output - increased susceptibility to abnormal heart rhythms - congestion in lungs - production of a very small amount of urine - loss of reflexes - ultimately, failure of heart and lung function ## [Treatment]() Treatment depends on the degree of hypothermia, but the aim is to make the person warmer. It involves first aid and clinical treatment. ### First aid Anyone with symptoms of hypothermia needs immediate medical attention. Until help arrives, the [CDC](https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html) recommends: - moving the person to a warm, dry place, if possible, or sheltering them from the elements - taking off any wet clothing - covering the person with an electric blanket, if available, or dry layers of towels, clothing, or blankets - making skin-to-skin contact with another individual - having the person drink a warm beverage, excluding alcohol, if they are not unconscious - avoiding moving or jostling the person, as doing so can trigger a fatal heart rhythm abnormality If someone has severe hypothermia, they may be unconscious. They may also appear not to have a pulse or be breathing. If this occurs, a bystander should perform CPR and continue it until help arrives. Sometimes people with hypothermia who appear to be dead can resuscitate. ### Clinical treatment [Research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/) states that clinical treatment may include the following options: - Passive external rewarming: This entails removing the person’s wet clothing and covering them with layers of insulation. - Active external rewarming: This involves methods such as water immersion and using a heating unit to transfer heat through convection. However, water immersion poses the danger of triggering collapse of the heart and blood vessels. - Active core rewarming: This involves irrigating body cavities with warm, intravenous fluids. Other options include the use of warming that originates from outside the body, such as hemodialysis, which is filtering of the blood with a machine that acts as an artificial kidney. ## [Prevention]() A [2018 study](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2676112) provides the following prevention recommendations: - Check the weather forecast before going outdoors, and dress appropriately. - Avoid drinking alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, as they increase heat loss. - Wear multiple layers of clothing, including a hat, scarf, and gloves. - Set the home thermostat to 68°F (20°C) or higher, and dress warmly. - Keep space heaters, which are an acceptable indoor heat source, away from flammable objects and ensure smoke and carbon monoxide detectors work. - Place rolled towels underneath home doors to prevent drafts. - Check on elderly neighbors, and make sure they have enough heat and food. - Dress babies warmly, and limit their exposure to cold temperatures. In winter, unexpected events can occur that pose a danger of hypothermia, such as home power outages and running out of gas while driving. To offset the risk of these events, experts [recommend](https://www.weather.gov/safety/winter-before) keeping winter survival kits at home and in the car. Certain medications, specifically [psychiatric medications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5594062/), may increase a person’s risk of hypothermia. An individual may consider asking their doctor or pharmacist whether their medication could increase their risk of hypothermia. Home survival kits may include: - extra food and water - an emergency heating source - a fire extinguisher and smoke detector Car survival kits may include: - sleeping bags and blankets - high calorie, nonperishable food - extra clothing to keep dry - water container - waterproof matches ## [Diagnosis]() When doctors examine a person, the key symptoms and signs [below](https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/654) indicate a diagnosis of hypothermia: - body temperature below 95°F (35°C) - shivering - impaired mental state - frostbite, which is injury to body tissues resulting from freezing Other telltale symptoms inlude: - frequent urination - fast heart rate, fast breathing, and high blood pressure in mild hypothermia - slow heart rate, slow breathing, and low blood pressure in moderate hypothermia - a long pause in breathing or coma in severe hypothermia [Evidence](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/) shows that the diagnostic process should also include blood tests to measure: - blood sugar - electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium - substances that show kidney function Doctors may order an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart function. They may also use imaging tests, such as X-rays, to assess the effects of a stroke or trauma that led to prolonged exposure to cold. Additionally, a doctor may use other lab studies and tests to detect potential complications and underlying causes of hypothermia. ## [Causes]() Exposure to cold temperatures or falling into cold water can cause hypothermia. The [CDC](https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html) notes that temperatures do not have to be excessively cold for hypothermia to develop. If the air temperature is 40°F (4.4°C) and someone is wet, they can develop hypothermia. Certain factors or conditions can make an individual more susceptible to hypothermia. These [include](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/): - extremes of age - low blood sugar - malnutrition - skin disorders, such as burns and psoriasis - stroke - endocrine disorders, such as hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency, which are conditions affecting parts of the body that produce hormones - substance use disorder - neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia - dilated blood vessels due to conditions such as spinal cord injuries - sepsis, which is an extreme response to infection ## [Summary]() Doctors diagnose hypothermia if a person’s body temperature falls below [95°F (35°C)](https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html). Shivering, impaired thinking ability, and frostbite are also key indications of the condition. When spending time in cold environments, someone may not have access to a thermometer to take their temperature. With this in mind, it helps to be familiar with the symptoms of hypothermia. Even mild symptoms indicate the need for immediate medical attention. Employing prevention measures, such as checking the weather forecast before going out, can reduce the likelihood of hypothermia. Keeping a winter survival kit in the home and the car could enable people to survive prolonged exposure to cold. - [Public Health](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/public-health) - [Pediatrics / Children's Health](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/pediatrics) - [Seniors / Aging](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/seniors) ### How we reviewed this article: Sources Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/process). - Duong, H., et al. (2021). Hypothermia. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/> - Hypothermia. (2021). <https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/654> - Peiris, A. N., et al. (2018). Hypothermia. <https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2676112> - Prepare! Don’t let a winter storm take you by surprise. (n.d.). <https://www.weather.gov/safety/winter-before> - Prevent hypothermia and frostbite. (2019). <https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html> - Zonnenberg, C., et al. (2017). Hypothermia due to antipsychotic medication: A systematic review. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5594062/> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Erica-Ramirez-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Erica Ramirez, PA-C]() — Written by Sy Kraft — [Updated on April 24, 2023]() ## Latest news - [9 steps to improve heart health, per new dietary guidance from AHA](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9-steps-improve-heart-health-diet-guidance-aha) - [AI model can accurately predict liver cancer risk, study suggests](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ai-model-accurately-predict-liver-cancer-risk) - [AI-powered stroke tool linked to improved patient outcomes in large clinical trial](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ai-powered-stroke-tool-linked-improved-patient-outcomes-large-clinical-trial) - [Eating same meals on repeat, and more at weekends may help you lose more weight](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/eating-same-meals-repeat-more-weekends-may-help-lose-more-weight) - [Cooking at least one meal at home weekly may cut dementia risk by up to 67%](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cooking-at-least-one-meal-at-home-weekly-may-cut-dementia-risk) ### Related Coverage - [What to know about frostbite](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/166187?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Vincent J. 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Readable Markdown	Hypothermia is a condition involving a low body temperature, usually below 95°F (35°C). Shivering, pale skin, unclear speech, and a fast heart rate can be signs of hypothermia. It is a medical emergency. The stages of hypothermia range from mild to severe. Even the mild stage is an emergency, and a bystander [should](https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html) call 911 if they notice its signs. While waiting on help to arrive, first aid treatment entails getting the individual to a warm, dry place and removing any wet clothing. The underlying cause of hypothermia is prolonged exposure to cold. That said, other factors and conditions can increase the risk, [including](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/) extremes in age and certain health conditions, such as malnutrition. Keep reading to learn more about the treatment, symptoms, prevention, diagnosis, and causes of hypothermia. Hypothermia is an abnormally low body temperature of below [95°F (35°C)](https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html). This happens when a person experiences cold temperatures for a prolonged period. While normal metabolic processes in the body generate heat, wintry weather can cause the body to lose more heat than it generates. When this occurs, the core temperature drops. A structure in the brain called the hypothalamus regulates body temperature. [Findings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/) show that when someone is exposed to cold, the hypothalamus raises body temperature through measures such as increasing muscle tone and shivering. However, if exposure to cold continues, it will eventually overwhelm the body, and shivering will stop. At this point, multiple organs may stop functioning, which ultimately leads to death. This is why hypothermia is an extremely dangerous condition. As hypothermia progresses through the stages, symptoms become more severe and dangerous. A [2021 review article](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/) describes the symptoms in adults as follows: Mild hypothermia Symptoms in this stage include: - body temperature of 90–95°F (32–35°C) - tiredness - [shivering](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322515) - hunger - nausea - skin that is dry and paler than usual - fast heart rate - increased muscle tone - increased blood pressure - decline in memory, judgment, and thinking ability - unclear speech - loss of control of body movements - frequent urination Moderate hypothermia Typically, shivering stops between 86–90°F (30–32°C). Other symptoms of moderate hypothermia include: - body temperature of 82–90°F (28–32°C) - continued decline in thinking ability - lethargy - enlarged and less responsive pupils - low blood pressure - slow heart rate - slow breathing rate - paradoxical undressing, or removal of clothes - increased susceptibility to abnormal heart rhythms Severe hypothermia Symptoms of this stage include: - body temperature of less than 82°F (28°C) - continued decline in blood flow to the brain, leading to unresponsiveness - continued decline in blood pressure, heart rate, and heart output - increased susceptibility to abnormal heart rhythms - congestion in lungs - production of a very small amount of urine - loss of reflexes - ultimately, failure of heart and lung function Treatment depends on the degree of hypothermia, but the aim is to make the person warmer. It involves first aid and clinical treatment. First aid Anyone with symptoms of hypothermia needs immediate medical attention. Until help arrives, the [CDC](https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html) recommends: - moving the person to a warm, dry place, if possible, or sheltering them from the elements - taking off any wet clothing - covering the person with an electric blanket, if available, or dry layers of towels, clothing, or blankets - making skin-to-skin contact with another individual - having the person drink a warm beverage, excluding alcohol, if they are not unconscious - avoiding moving or jostling the person, as doing so can trigger a fatal heart rhythm abnormality If someone has severe hypothermia, they may be unconscious. They may also appear not to have a pulse or be breathing. If this occurs, a bystander should perform CPR and continue it until help arrives. Sometimes people with hypothermia who appear to be dead can resuscitate. Clinical treatment [Research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/) states that clinical treatment may include the following options: - Passive external rewarming: This entails removing the person’s wet clothing and covering them with layers of insulation. - Active external rewarming: This involves methods such as water immersion and using a heating unit to transfer heat through convection. However, water immersion poses the danger of triggering collapse of the heart and blood vessels. - Active core rewarming: This involves irrigating body cavities with warm, intravenous fluids. Other options include the use of warming that originates from outside the body, such as hemodialysis, which is filtering of the blood with a machine that acts as an artificial kidney. A [2018 study](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2676112) provides the following prevention recommendations: - Check the weather forecast before going outdoors, and dress appropriately. - Avoid drinking alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, as they increase heat loss. - Wear multiple layers of clothing, including a hat, scarf, and gloves. - Set the home thermostat to 68°F (20°C) or higher, and dress warmly. - Keep space heaters, which are an acceptable indoor heat source, away from flammable objects and ensure smoke and carbon monoxide detectors work. - Place rolled towels underneath home doors to prevent drafts. - Check on elderly neighbors, and make sure they have enough heat and food. - Dress babies warmly, and limit their exposure to cold temperatures. In winter, unexpected events can occur that pose a danger of hypothermia, such as home power outages and running out of gas while driving. To offset the risk of these events, experts [recommend](https://www.weather.gov/safety/winter-before) keeping winter survival kits at home and in the car. Certain medications, specifically [psychiatric medications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5594062/), may increase a person’s risk of hypothermia. An individual may consider asking their doctor or pharmacist whether their medication could increase their risk of hypothermia. Home survival kits may include: - extra food and water - an emergency heating source - a fire extinguisher and smoke detector Car survival kits may include: - sleeping bags and blankets - high calorie, nonperishable food - extra clothing to keep dry - water container - waterproof matches When doctors examine a person, the key symptoms and signs [below](https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/654) indicate a diagnosis of hypothermia: - body temperature below 95°F (35°C) - shivering - impaired mental state - frostbite, which is injury to body tissues resulting from freezing Other telltale symptoms inlude: - frequent urination - fast heart rate, fast breathing, and high blood pressure in mild hypothermia - slow heart rate, slow breathing, and low blood pressure in moderate hypothermia - a long pause in breathing or coma in severe hypothermia [Evidence](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/) shows that the diagnostic process should also include blood tests to measure: - blood sugar - electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium - substances that show kidney function Doctors may order an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart function. They may also use imaging tests, such as X-rays, to assess the effects of a stroke or trauma that led to prolonged exposure to cold. Additionally, a doctor may use other lab studies and tests to detect potential complications and underlying causes of hypothermia. Exposure to cold temperatures or falling into cold water can cause hypothermia. The [CDC](https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html) notes that temperatures do not have to be excessively cold for hypothermia to develop. If the air temperature is 40°F (4.4°C) and someone is wet, they can develop hypothermia. Certain factors or conditions can make an individual more susceptible to hypothermia. These [include](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545239/): - extremes of age - low blood sugar - malnutrition - skin disorders, such as burns and psoriasis - stroke - endocrine disorders, such as hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency, which are conditions affecting parts of the body that produce hormones - substance use disorder - neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia - dilated blood vessels due to conditions such as spinal cord injuries - sepsis, which is an extreme response to infection Doctors diagnose hypothermia if a person’s body temperature falls below [95°F (35°C)](https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html). Shivering, impaired thinking ability, and frostbite are also key indications of the condition. When spending time in cold environments, someone may not have access to a thermometer to take their temperature. With this in mind, it helps to be familiar with the symptoms of hypothermia. Even mild symptoms indicate the need for immediate medical attention. Employing prevention measures, such as checking the weather forecast before going out, can reduce the likelihood of hypothermia. Keeping a winter survival kit in the home and the car could enable people to survive prolonged exposure to cold.
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