🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 110 (from laksa123)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa110.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/172943","crawl_time":1772331552,"first_indexed_time":1508828726,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,medicalnewstoday!www,\/articles\/172943 s443","src_root_hash":"5853625527623639710","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Back pain: Causes, treatments, and when to contact a specialist","meta_descriptions":["Anyone can experience back pain. There are many potential causes, but often, it results from strained muscles. Learn more here."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Common reasons for back pain include muscle strain, disk damage, and some chronic conditions, such as fractures due to osteoporosis. Potential treatments include heat therapy, acupuncture, or medications.\nThere are many potential causes of back pain. Back pain may originate in the muscles, bones, or ligaments of the spine. It could also come from the\nspinal cord\nand nerves or problems with the internal organs.\nStrains and sprains\nStrains are injuries to muscles or\ntendons\n, while sprains affect the ligaments. Examples of movements that could lead to one of these injuries include:\npushing, pulling, lifting, or carrying something\nbending over\ntwisting the spine abruptly\ncoughing\nor sneezing\nPosture\nPosture refers to how a person holds themselves when sitting or standing. Over time, some postures\ncan lead\nto pain.\nExamples of postures that may eventually cause pain include:\nforward head posture\n, which is when the head juts forward over the spine\nslouching, which involves sitting or standing with\nrounded shoulders\nhyperlordosis\n, which is when the hips tilt forward, arching the lower back\nEveryday activities can also mean a person adopts an unhealthy posture for prolonged periods. Examples include:\ndriving\nusing a laptop or computer that is too low down\nsitting in chairs or on couches that do not support the back\nsleeping on an unsupportive mattress\nStructural problems\nSome structural problems of the spine may also result in back pain. These\ncan include\n:\nRuptured disks:\nDisks cushion each vertebra in the spine. If the disk ruptures, it exerts more pressure on a nerve, resulting in back pain. Sometimes, this pain may travel through the buttock and down the back of a leg. This is known as sciatica.\nBulging disks:\nSimilarly, a\ndisk that bulges\nfrom its place between the bones can put pressure on a nerve. Sometimes, this may also result in sciatica.\nArthritis:\nOsteoarthritis\ncan cause problems with the joints in the hips, lower back, and other areas of the body. Sometimes, the space around the\nspinal cord\nnarrows. Health experts call this\nspinal stenosis\n.\nOsteoporosis:\nThis causes the bones to become brittle and porous. When this leads to fractures, osteoporosis may cause back pain.\nCurvature of the spine:\nBack pain can occur if the spine curves too much. An example is\nscoliosis\n, in which the spine curves to the side.\nOther causes\nOther factors that may lead to back pain include:\nkidney stones\nmenstrual cramps\nendometriosis\npregnancy\ninfections of the spine,\nbladder\n,\nkidneys\n, or reproductive system\nshingles\n, which lies dormant in nerves and can reactivate, causing a painful rash along the nerve path\ncauda equina syndrome\ncancer of the spine\nBack pain can vary in location, severity, and the type of pain a person experiences.\nFor example,\nmuscular pain\nmay feel achy, tight, or like a spasm. Nerve pain may cause stabbing, burning, or shooting pain, while pain in the bones may feel deep and dull.\nSome back issues can also cause pain in other parts of the body. For example, sciatica can also affect the legs.\nAlong with pain, a person with back pain may also have:\ndifficulty sitting or standing\ndifficulty putting weight on one or both legs\npain when moving in certain ways but not others\ndifficulty sleeping\nA person should seek medical help if they have back pain:\nthat does not improve with rest\nafter an injury or fall\nwith\nweakness\nwith tingling or “pins and needles”\nwith\nunexplained weight loss\nIf any of the following occur alongside the pain, seek medical attention immediately:\nfever\nincontinence\nsudden difficulty urinating or having bowel movements\nnumbness anywhere in the body\na lump or swelling on the back\nThe best treatment for back pain will depend on its cause and severity.\nHome treatments\nAt-home treatment for sprains or strains can involve:\nresting\ngentle movement or stretching\napplying a\nhot compress\nor an\nice pack\nover-the-counter (OTC) pain medication, such as\nnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)\nMedications\nBack pain that does not respond to OTC pain medication may require a prescription drug. Depending on the situation, this\ncould include\n:\nanti-inflammatory drugs\nneuromodulating drugs\nshort-term\nopioids\nor\nmuscle relaxants\nfor severe, acute pain\nOpioids and muscle relaxants require close monitoring by a doctor, as they can cause\naddiction\nor dependence.\nPhysical therapy\nPhysical therapy\nmay help ease back pain from injuries, posture-related pain, or a curved spine, among other causes.\nA physical therapist may help a person strengthen certain muscles, improve flexibility in tight muscles, or both. It is advisable to practice the techniques regularly, even after the pain has gone, to prevent back pain recurrence.\nInjections\nA doctor may suggest anti-inflammatory or numbing injections to reduce pain if other options are ineffective.\nA newer option is\nBotox\n, which can reduce pain by paralyzing sprained muscles. This is not a cure, but the results can last\nfor some time\nif the injection breaks the cycle of pain and\nspasms\n.\nSpinal manipulation or traction\nTraction involves using pulleys and weights to stretch the back, while spinal manipulation involves a health professional physically applying force to parts of the body.\nOsteopaths,\nchiropractors\n, and\nphysical therapists\nmay use these techniques for back pain. However, if a person has back pain, they should consult a doctor first to see if spinal manipulation is safe for them.\nSurgery\nSome people may require surgery for back pain, particularly if the pain is severe, does not improve, or may cause complications.\nExamples of surgical procedures\ninclude\n:\ndiskectomy, which involves removing a portion of a spinal disk\nartificial disk replacement, which involves inserting a new disk to replace an old one\nlaminectomy, which treats spinal stenosis\nspinal fusion, which involves joining vertebrae together to stabilize them\nspinal cord stimulation, which blocks pain by stimulating the spinal cord with low-level electricity\nComplementary therapies\nComplementary therapies that may help with back pain include:\nacupuncture\nyoga\nmassage\ntranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)\nPeople should only use a TENS machine under the direction of a healthcare professional. A person\nshould avoid\nTENS if they:\nare pregnant\nhave a history of\nepilepsy\nhave a\npacemaker\nlow physical fitness\nolder age\nobesity\noccupations that involve heavy lifting or sitting in a chair for long periods\ngenetics\nstress,\nanxiety\n, or\ndepression\nchronic sleep problems\nA doctor may be able to diagnose back pain after asking about symptoms and carrying out a\nphysical examination\n.\nAn imaging scan and other tests may be necessary if:\nback pain appears to result from an injury\nthere is an underlying cause that requires treatment\nthe pain persists over a long period\nMedical imaging scans can give information about the state of the tissues in the back. A doctor may also order\nblood tests\nif they suspect an infection or inflammatory condition.\nTo prevent back pain, it can help to:\nExercise regularly\nRegular exercise\ncan help\nbuild strength and stability in the back. However, the type of exercise that will benefit each person can vary.\nPeople may want to focus on strengthening exercises, improving flexibility and balance, or a combination of the two. If a person is not used to regular exercise, it is important to start slowly and use the correct form to avoid injury.\nPeople with underlying back injuries or conditions should speak with a doctor or physical therapist before starting a new exercise program.\nSupport bone health\nGetting enough calcium and vitamin D and performing weight-bearing exercises\nhelps keep\nthe bones strong, which may reduce\nosteoporosis\nand the risk of spine fractures.\nMaintain a moderate weight\nBody weight can increase pressure on joints, including those in the back. A person with obesity may experience\nworse outcomes\nfrom back pain.\nIf relevant, a doctor may suggest dietary changes, exercise, or sometimes, medications for obesity.\nImprove posture\nAdopting a neutral posture for sitting and standing may help to prevent back pain. If doing this is difficult, a person may benefit from physical therapy to help strengthen muscles that pull the back into a more neutral position.\nBack support devices and ergonomic chairs may also help. It is also important to ensure workspaces are aligned to prevent back pain at work.\nLifting and moving safely\nPeople with a history of back pain should try to avoid lifting very heavy objects. If this is not possible, pushing the object or lifting it safely by bending the knees instead of the back may help.\nWear supportive shoes\nShoes with a low heel place less strain on the back. However, some flat shoes with minimal support, such as flip-flops, can also contribute to back pain.\nUse a supportive mattress\nUse a mattress that keeps the spine aligned and supports the weight of the shoulders and buttocks. Also, use a pillow that does not force the neck into a steep angle.\nThere are many potential causes of back pain. The location, type, and severity of the pain can all provide clues about the cause. Sometimes, people need medical tests to identify persistent or severe back pain.\nPeople should contact a doctor if home treatments, such as rest, pain medications, or stretching, do not help back pain.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  Health Conditions\n  \n  - [Alzheimer's & Dementia](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/alzheimers-and-dementia)\n  - [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/anxiety)\n  - [Asthma & Allergies](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/asthma-and-allergies)\n  - [Atopic Dermatitis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/program\/investigating-atopic-dermatitis)\n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cancer)\n  - [Cardiovascular Health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/cardiovascular-health)\n  - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/coronavirus?correlationId=2b137d5a-dcfb-464e-9ea6-72c5a54b4e92)\n  - [Diabetes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/diabetes)\n  - 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[Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/complementary-therapies-for-as-quiz#1)\n- Connect\n  About Medical News Today\n  \n  - [Who We Are](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about)\n  - [Our Editorial Process](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/process)\n  - [Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n  - [Conscious Language](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/conscious-language)\n  \n  Find Community\n  \n  - [Bezzy Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.bezzybc.com\/lp\/2\/?verzenio&utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  - [Bezzy MS](https:\/\/www.bezzyms.com\/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  - [Bezzy Migraine](https:\/\/www.bezzymigraine.com\/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  - [Bezzy Psoriasis](https:\/\/www.bezzypsoriasis.com\/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect)\n  \n  Follow Us\n\nSubscribe\n\n# What is causing my back pain, and how can I remedy it?\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Angela-Bell-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Angela M. Bell, MD, FACP]() — Written by [James McIntosh]() —  [Updated on January 31, 2025]()\n\n- [Causes](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/172943#causes)\n- [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/172943#symptoms)\n- [Contacting a doctor](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/172943#contacting-a-doctor)\n- [Treatment](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/172943#treatment)\n- [Risk factors](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/172943#risk-factors)\n- [Diagnosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/172943#diagnosis)\n- [Prevention](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/172943#prevention)\n- [Summary](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/172943#summary)\n\nCommon reasons for back pain include muscle strain, disk damage, and some chronic conditions, such as fractures due to osteoporosis. Potential treatments include heat therapy, acupuncture, or medications.\n\nThere are many potential causes of back pain. Back pain may originate in the muscles, bones, or ligaments of the spine. It could also come from the [spinal cord](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326984\/) and nerves or problems with the internal organs.\n\n## [Causes of back pain]()\n![A man holding his lower back due to back pain while looking at a laptop.](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/01\/What-is-causing-my-back-pain-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg)\n\n[Share on Pinterest](https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F172943&media=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.post.rvohealth.io%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2025%2F01%2FWhat-is-causing-my-back-pain-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg&description=Back%20pain%3A%20Causes%2C%20treatments%2C%20and%20when%20to%20contact%20a%20specialist \"Share on Pinterest\")\n\nEloisa Ramos\/Stocksy\n\n[Common causes](https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/back-pain#tab-causes) of back pain include:\n\n### Strains and sprains\nStrains are injuries to muscles or [tendons](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326858\/), while sprains affect the ligaments. Examples of movements that could lead to one of these injuries include:\n\n- pushing, pulling, lifting, or carrying something\n- bending over\n- twisting the spine abruptly\n- [coughing](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/220349) or sneezing\n\nOther types of injury that [can cause](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538173\/) back pain include [whiplash](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/174605\/) and [fractures](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/173312).\n\nLearn the [difference between a sprain and a strain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321807).\n\n### Posture\nPosture refers to how a person holds themselves when sitting or standing. Over time, some postures [can lead](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538173\/) to pain.\n\nExamples of postures that may eventually cause pain include:\n\n- [forward head posture](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/forward-head-posture), which is when the head juts forward over the spine\n- slouching, which involves sitting or standing with [rounded shoulders](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/318556)\n- [hyperlordosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321959), which is when the hips tilt forward, arching the lower back\n\nEveryday activities can also mean a person adopts an unhealthy posture for prolonged periods. Examples include:\n\n- driving\n- using a laptop or computer that is too low down\n- sitting in chairs or on couches that do not support the back\n- sleeping on an unsupportive mattress\n\nLearn more about [different types of posture](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/types-of-posture).\n\n### Structural problems\nSome structural problems of the spine may also result in back pain. These [can include](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538173\/):\n\n- **Ruptured disks:** Disks cushion each vertebra in the spine. If the disk ruptures, it exerts more pressure on a nerve, resulting in back pain. Sometimes, this pain may travel through the buttock and down the back of a leg. This is known as sciatica.\n- **Bulging disks:** Similarly, a [disk that bulges](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/bulging-disk-in-back) from its place between the bones can put pressure on a nerve. Sometimes, this may also result in sciatica.\n- **Arthritis:** [Osteoarthritis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/27871) can cause problems with the joints in the hips, lower back, and other areas of the body. Sometimes, the space around the [spinal cord](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326984\/) narrows. Health experts call this [spinal stenosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/spinal-stensosis-symptoms).\n- **Osteoporosis:** This causes the bones to become brittle and porous. When this leads to fractures, osteoporosis may cause back pain.\n- **Curvature of the spine:** Back pain can occur if the spine curves too much. An example is [scoliosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/190940\/), in which the spine curves to the side.\n### Other causes\nOther factors that may lead to back pain include:\n\n- [kidney stones](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/kidney-stones-pictures)\n- [menstrual cramps](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/157333)\n- [endometriosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/149109)\n- [pregnancy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/324545)\n- infections of the spine, [bladder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/bladder-location\/), [kidneys](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/182306\/), or reproductive system\n- [shingles](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/154912), which lies dormant in nerves and can reactivate, causing a painful rash along the nerve path\n- [cauda equina syndrome](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cauda-equina-syndrome)\n- [cancer of the spine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/spinal-cancer)\n\nLearn [more about spinal problems](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/spinal-problems).\n\n## [Symptoms of back pain]()\nBack pain can vary in location, severity, and the type of pain a person experiences.\n\nFor example, [muscular pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322869\/) may feel achy, tight, or like a spasm. Nerve pain may cause stabbing, burning, or shooting pain, while pain in the bones may feel deep and dull.\n\nSome back issues can also cause pain in other parts of the body. For example, sciatica can also affect the legs.\n\nAlong with pain, a person with back pain may also have:\n\n- difficulty sitting or standing\n- difficulty putting weight on one or both legs\n- pain when moving in certain ways but not others\n- difficulty sleeping\n\nLearn [more about sciatica](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/7619).\n\n## [When to contact a doctor]()\nA person should seek medical help if they have back pain:\n\n- that does not improve with rest\n- after an injury or fall\n- with [weakness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/asthenia-weakness)\n- with tingling or “pins and needles”\n- with [unexplained weight loss](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326417)\n\nIf any of the following occur alongside the pain, seek medical attention immediately:\n\n- fever\n- incontinence\n- sudden difficulty urinating or having bowel movements\n- numbness anywhere in the body\n- a lump or swelling on the back\n\nLearn about [a lumbar MRI for diagnosing back pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323693).\n\n## [Treatment for back pain]()\nThe best treatment for back pain will depend on its cause and severity.\n\n### Home treatments\nAt-home treatment for sprains or strains can involve:\n\n- resting\n- gentle movement or stretching\n- applying a [hot compress](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/29108#heat_therapy) or an [ice pack](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/29108#cold_therapy)\n- over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication, such as [nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/179211)\n\nLearn more about [home remedies for back pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322582).\n\n### Medications\nBack pain that does not respond to OTC pain medication may require a prescription drug. Depending on the situation, this [could include](https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/back-pain\/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take):\n\n- anti-inflammatory drugs\n- neuromodulating drugs\n- short-term [opioids](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/types-of-opioids\/) or [muscle relaxants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/muscle-relaxers\/) for severe, acute pain\n\nOpioids and muscle relaxants require close monitoring by a doctor, as they can cause [addiction](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323465\/) or dependence.\n\nLearn [how pain medication works](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-does-pain-medicine-work).\n\n### Physical therapy\n[Physical therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/160645) may help ease back pain from injuries, posture-related pain, or a curved spine, among other causes.\n\nA physical therapist may help a person strengthen certain muscles, improve flexibility in tight muscles, or both. It is advisable to practice the techniques regularly, even after the pain has gone, to prevent back pain recurrence.\n\nLearn some [exercises for scoliosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325385).\n\n### Injections\nA doctor may suggest anti-inflammatory or numbing injections to reduce pain if other options are ineffective.\n\nA newer option is [Botox](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/158647), which can reduce pain by paralyzing sprained muscles. This is not a cure, but the results can last [for some time](https:\/\/www.wsh.nhs.uk\/CMS-Documents\/Patient-leaflets\/PainService\/5404-1-Botulinum-Toxin-Injections-For-Use-In-Treatment-of-Chronic-Spinal-Pain-Headache-and-Migraines.pdf) if the injection breaks the cycle of pain and [spasms](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321916\/).\n\nLearn about [potential side effects from injections for back pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/types-of-injections-for-back-pain-side-effects).\n\n### Spinal manipulation or traction\nTraction involves using pulleys and weights to stretch the back, while spinal manipulation involves a health professional physically applying force to parts of the body.\n\nOsteopaths, [chiropractors](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/308917\/), and [physical therapists](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/160645\/) may use these techniques for back pain. However, if a person has back pain, they should consult a doctor first to see if spinal manipulation is safe for them.\n\nLearn about other [ways to treat back pain without surgery](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325609).\n\n### Surgery\nSome people may require surgery for back pain, particularly if the pain is severe, does not improve, or may cause complications.\n\nExamples of surgical procedures [include](https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/back-pain\/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take):\n\n- diskectomy, which involves removing a portion of a spinal disk\n- artificial disk replacement, which involves inserting a new disk to replace an old one\n- laminectomy, which treats spinal stenosis\n- spinal fusion, which involves joining vertebrae together to stabilize them\n- spinal cord stimulation, which blocks pain by stimulating the spinal cord with low-level electricity\n\nLearn more about [types of spine surgery](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/types-of-spine-surgery).\n\n### Complementary therapies\nComplementary therapies that may help with back pain include:\n\n- [acupuncture](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/156488)\n- [yoga](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/286745)\n- [massage](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325288)\n- [transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323632\/)\n\nPeople should only use a TENS machine under the direction of a healthcare professional. A person [should avoid](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK537188\/) TENS if they:\n\n- are pregnant\n- have a history of [epilepsy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/types-of-epilepsy)\n- have a [pacemaker](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/living-with-a-pacemaker)\n\nLearn about [laser therapy for back pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/laser-therapy-for-back-pain).\n\n## [Risk factors for back pain]()\nThe following factors link to a [higher risk](https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/back-pain#tab-risk) of developing l[ower back pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325381):\n\n- low physical fitness\n- older age\n- [obesity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323551 \"How Much Should I Weigh?\")\n- occupations that involve heavy lifting or sitting in a chair for long periods\n- genetics\n- stress, [anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323454\/), or [depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/chronic-pain-depression)\n- chronic sleep problems\n\nLearn about the connection between [large breasts and back pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/large-breasts-and-upper-back-pain).\n\n## [Diagnosis]()\nA doctor may be able to diagnose back pain after asking about symptoms and carrying out a [physical examination](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325488).\n\nAn imaging scan and other tests may be necessary if:\n\n- back pain appears to result from an injury\n- there is an underlying cause that requires treatment\n- the pain persists over a long period\n\nMedical imaging scans can give information about the state of the tissues in the back. A doctor may also order [blood tests](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/blood-tests) if they suspect an infection or inflammatory condition.\n\n## [Prevention of back pain]()\nTo prevent back pain, it can help to:\n\n### Exercise regularly\nRegular exercise [can help](https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/back-pain\/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take) build strength and stability in the back. However, the type of exercise that will benefit each person can vary.\n\nPeople may want to focus on strengthening exercises, improving flexibility and balance, or a combination of the two. If a person is not used to regular exercise, it is important to start slowly and use the correct form to avoid injury.\n\nPeople with underlying back injuries or conditions should speak with a doctor or physical therapist before starting a new exercise program.\n\nLearn about [exercise and how to start](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/153390).\n\n### Support bone health\nGetting enough calcium and vitamin D and performing weight-bearing exercises [helps keep](https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/back-pain\/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take) the bones strong, which may reduce [osteoporosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/155646\/) and the risk of spine fractures.\n\nLearn more about [increasing bone density](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325903).\n\n### Maintain a moderate weight\nBody weight can increase pressure on joints, including those in the back. A person with obesity may experience [worse outcomes](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538173\/) from back pain.\n\nIf relevant, a doctor may suggest dietary changes, exercise, or sometimes, medications for obesity.\n\nLearn more about [weight management](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/weight-management).\n\n### Improve posture\nAdopting a neutral posture for sitting and standing may help to prevent back pain. If doing this is difficult, a person may benefit from physical therapy to help strengthen muscles that pull the back into a more neutral position.\n\nBack support devices and ergonomic chairs may also help. It is also important to ensure workspaces are aligned to prevent back pain at work.\n\nLearn more about [improving posture](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325883).\n\n### Lifting and moving safely\nPeople with a history of back pain should try to avoid lifting very heavy objects. If this is not possible, pushing the object or lifting it safely by bending the knees instead of the back may help.\n\n### Wear supportive shoes\nShoes with a low heel place less strain on the back. However, some flat shoes with minimal support, such as flip-flops, can also contribute to back pain.\n\n### Use a supportive mattress\nUse a mattress that keeps the spine aligned and supports the weight of the shoulders and buttocks. Also, use a pillow that does not force the neck into a steep angle.\n\n## [Summary]()\nThere are many potential causes of back pain. The location, type, and severity of the pain can all provide clues about the cause. Sometimes, people need medical tests to identify persistent or severe back pain.\n\nPeople should contact a doctor if home treatments, such as rest, pain medications, or stretching, do not help back pain.\n\n[Read the article in Spanish.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/es\/dolor-de-espalda)\n\n- [Back Pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/back-pain)\n- [Body Aches](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/body-aches)\n- [Bones \/ Orthopedics](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/bones)\n- [Pain \/ Anesthetics](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/categories\/pain)\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nMedical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/process).\n\n- Back pain. (2023).  \n  <https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/back-pain>\n- Casiano VE, et al. (2023). Back pain.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538173\/>\n- Teoli D, et al. (2024). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK537188\/>\n- The use of Botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of chronic spinal pain, headache and migraines. (2019).  \n  <https:\/\/www.wsh.nhs.uk\/CMS-Documents\/Patient-leaflets\/PainService\/5404-1-Botulinum-Toxin-Injections-For-Use-In-Treatment-of-Chronic-Spinal-Pain-Headache-and-Migraines.pdf>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.medicalnewstoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Angela-Bell-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Angela M. Bell, MD, FACP]() — Written by [James McIntosh]() —  [Updated on January 31, 2025]()\n\n## Latest news\n- [Eating high amounts of red meat may raise diabetes risk by as much as 49%](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/eating-high-amounts-red-meat-raise-diabetes-risk-49)\n- [5 facts and myths about protein, unpicked by experts](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/expert-qa-5-facts-and-myths-about-protein)\n- [Expert birders have younger brains: How expertise may protect brain health](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/expert-birders-have-younger-brains-how-expertise-may-protect-brain-health)\n- [AI tool may offer early warning of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/ai-tool-predicts-colorectal-cancer-risk-ulcerative-colitis-patients)\n- [Daily aspirin does not lower colorectal cancer risk, review finds](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/daily-aspirin-does-not-lower-colorectal-cancer-risk)\n\n### Related Coverage\n- [Home remedies for fast back pain relief](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322582?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Angela M. Bell, MD, FACP](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n  \n  [Back pain is a widespread and potentially debilitating problem. Learn which home remedies can relieve back pain quickly and help prevent it in the…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322582?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322582?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Can yoga help with chronic back pain?](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/315194?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [A new systematic Cochrane review analyzes existing studies on the benefits of yoga for reducing chronic, non-specific lower back pain.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/315194?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/315194?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What causes upper left back pain, and when to get help](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/upper-left-back-pain?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Alana Biggers, M.D., MPH](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n  \n  [Upper left back pain can occur due to injuries, posture, or an underlying health condition. Learn about causes, treatments, and prevention tips here.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/upper-left-back-pain?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/upper-left-back-pain?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Do posture correctors work and when to see a doctor](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/do-posture-correctors-work?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Gregory Minnis, DPT](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n  \n  [Posture correctors may help fix a slouching posture and reduce pain, but research on their effectiveness is mixed. Learn more.](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/do-posture-correctors-work?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/do-posture-correctors-work?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Walking 100 minutes per day may help lower risk of chronic back pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/walking-100-minutes-per-day-may-help-lower-risk-chronic-back-pain?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Participants who walked for more than 100 minutes per day had a 23% lower risk of chronic low back pain, compared to those who walked less than 78…](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/walking-100-minutes-per-day-may-help-lower-risk-chronic-back-pain?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/walking-100-minutes-per-day-may-help-lower-risk-chronic-back-pain?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/contact-us)\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/terms-of-use)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/privacy-policy)\n- Privacy Settings\n- [Advertising Policy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/ad-policy)\n\n- [Health Topics](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/directory\/a-b)\n- [Health Hubs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/content-hubs)\n- [Medical Affairs](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/reviewers)\n- [Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n- [Newsletters](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/newsletter)\n- © 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Common reasons for back pain include muscle strain, disk damage, and some chronic conditions, such as fractures due to osteoporosis. Potential treatments include heat therapy, acupuncture, or medications.\n\nThere are many potential causes of back pain. Back pain may originate in the muscles, bones, or ligaments of the spine. It could also come from the [spinal cord](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326984\/) and nerves or problems with the internal organs.\n\nStrains and sprains\n\nStrains are injuries to muscles or [tendons](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326858\/), while sprains affect the ligaments. Examples of movements that could lead to one of these injuries include:\n\n- pushing, pulling, lifting, or carrying something\n- bending over\n- twisting the spine abruptly\n- [coughing](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/220349) or sneezing\n\nPosture\n\nPosture refers to how a person holds themselves when sitting or standing. Over time, some postures [can lead](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538173\/) to pain.\n\nExamples of postures that may eventually cause pain include:\n\n- [forward head posture](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/forward-head-posture), which is when the head juts forward over the spine\n- slouching, which involves sitting or standing with [rounded shoulders](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/318556)\n- [hyperlordosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321959), which is when the hips tilt forward, arching the lower back\n\nEveryday activities can also mean a person adopts an unhealthy posture for prolonged periods. Examples include:\n\n- driving\n- using a laptop or computer that is too low down\n- sitting in chairs or on couches that do not support the back\n- sleeping on an unsupportive mattress\n\nStructural problems\n\nSome structural problems of the spine may also result in back pain. These [can include](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538173\/):\n\n- **Ruptured disks:** Disks cushion each vertebra in the spine. If the disk ruptures, it exerts more pressure on a nerve, resulting in back pain. Sometimes, this pain may travel through the buttock and down the back of a leg. This is known as sciatica.\n- **Bulging disks:** Similarly, a [disk that bulges](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/bulging-disk-in-back) from its place between the bones can put pressure on a nerve. Sometimes, this may also result in sciatica.\n- **Arthritis:** [Osteoarthritis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/27871) can cause problems with the joints in the hips, lower back, and other areas of the body. Sometimes, the space around the [spinal cord](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326984\/) narrows. Health experts call this [spinal stenosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/spinal-stensosis-symptoms).\n- **Osteoporosis:** This causes the bones to become brittle and porous. When this leads to fractures, osteoporosis may cause back pain.\n- **Curvature of the spine:** Back pain can occur if the spine curves too much. An example is [scoliosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/190940\/), in which the spine curves to the side.\n\nOther causes\n\nOther factors that may lead to back pain include:\n\n- [kidney stones](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/kidney-stones-pictures)\n- [menstrual cramps](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/157333)\n- [endometriosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/149109)\n- [pregnancy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/324545)\n- infections of the spine, [bladder](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/bladder-location\/), [kidneys](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/182306\/), or reproductive system\n- [shingles](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/154912), which lies dormant in nerves and can reactivate, causing a painful rash along the nerve path\n- [cauda equina syndrome](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/cauda-equina-syndrome)\n- [cancer of the spine](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/spinal-cancer)\n\nBack pain can vary in location, severity, and the type of pain a person experiences.\n\nFor example, [muscular pain](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/322869\/) may feel achy, tight, or like a spasm. Nerve pain may cause stabbing, burning, or shooting pain, while pain in the bones may feel deep and dull.\n\nSome back issues can also cause pain in other parts of the body. For example, sciatica can also affect the legs.\n\nAlong with pain, a person with back pain may also have:\n\n- difficulty sitting or standing\n- difficulty putting weight on one or both legs\n- pain when moving in certain ways but not others\n- difficulty sleeping\n\nA person should seek medical help if they have back pain:\n\n- that does not improve with rest\n- after an injury or fall\n- with [weakness](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/asthenia-weakness)\n- with tingling or “pins and needles”\n- with [unexplained weight loss](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326417)\n\nIf any of the following occur alongside the pain, seek medical attention immediately:\n\n- fever\n- incontinence\n- sudden difficulty urinating or having bowel movements\n- numbness anywhere in the body\n- a lump or swelling on the back\n\nThe best treatment for back pain will depend on its cause and severity.\n\nHome treatments\n\nAt-home treatment for sprains or strains can involve:\n\n- resting\n- gentle movement or stretching\n- applying a [hot compress](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/29108#heat_therapy) or an [ice pack](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/29108#cold_therapy)\n- over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication, such as [nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/179211)\n\nMedications\n\nBack pain that does not respond to OTC pain medication may require a prescription drug. Depending on the situation, this [could include](https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/back-pain\/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take):\n\n- anti-inflammatory drugs\n- neuromodulating drugs\n- short-term [opioids](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/types-of-opioids\/) or [muscle relaxants](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/muscle-relaxers\/) for severe, acute pain\n\nOpioids and muscle relaxants require close monitoring by a doctor, as they can cause [addiction](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323465\/) or dependence.\n\nPhysical therapy\n\n[Physical therapy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/160645) may help ease back pain from injuries, posture-related pain, or a curved spine, among other causes.\n\nA physical therapist may help a person strengthen certain muscles, improve flexibility in tight muscles, or both. It is advisable to practice the techniques regularly, even after the pain has gone, to prevent back pain recurrence.\n\nInjections\n\nA doctor may suggest anti-inflammatory or numbing injections to reduce pain if other options are ineffective.\n\nA newer option is [Botox](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/158647), which can reduce pain by paralyzing sprained muscles. This is not a cure, but the results can last [for some time](https:\/\/www.wsh.nhs.uk\/CMS-Documents\/Patient-leaflets\/PainService\/5404-1-Botulinum-Toxin-Injections-For-Use-In-Treatment-of-Chronic-Spinal-Pain-Headache-and-Migraines.pdf) if the injection breaks the cycle of pain and [spasms](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/321916\/).\n\nSpinal manipulation or traction\n\nTraction involves using pulleys and weights to stretch the back, while spinal manipulation involves a health professional physically applying force to parts of the body.\n\nOsteopaths, [chiropractors](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/308917\/), and [physical therapists](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/160645\/) may use these techniques for back pain. However, if a person has back pain, they should consult a doctor first to see if spinal manipulation is safe for them.\n\nSurgery\n\nSome people may require surgery for back pain, particularly if the pain is severe, does not improve, or may cause complications.\n\nExamples of surgical procedures [include](https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/back-pain\/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take):\n\n- diskectomy, which involves removing a portion of a spinal disk\n- artificial disk replacement, which involves inserting a new disk to replace an old one\n- laminectomy, which treats spinal stenosis\n- spinal fusion, which involves joining vertebrae together to stabilize them\n- spinal cord stimulation, which blocks pain by stimulating the spinal cord with low-level electricity\n\nComplementary therapies\n\nComplementary therapies that may help with back pain include:\n\n- [acupuncture](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/156488)\n- [yoga](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/286745)\n- [massage](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325288)\n- [transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323632\/)\n\nPeople should only use a TENS machine under the direction of a healthcare professional. A person [should avoid](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK537188\/) TENS if they:\n\n- are pregnant\n- have a history of [epilepsy](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/types-of-epilepsy)\n- have a [pacemaker](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/living-with-a-pacemaker)\n\n- low physical fitness\n- older age\n- [obesity](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323551 \"How Much Should I Weigh?\")\n- occupations that involve heavy lifting or sitting in a chair for long periods\n- genetics\n- stress, [anxiety](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323454\/), or [depression](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/chronic-pain-depression)\n- chronic sleep problems\n\nA doctor may be able to diagnose back pain after asking about symptoms and carrying out a [physical examination](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325488).\n\nAn imaging scan and other tests may be necessary if:\n\n- back pain appears to result from an injury\n- there is an underlying cause that requires treatment\n- the pain persists over a long period\n\nMedical imaging scans can give information about the state of the tissues in the back. A doctor may also order [blood tests](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/blood-tests) if they suspect an infection or inflammatory condition.\n\nTo prevent back pain, it can help to:\n\nExercise regularly\n\nRegular exercise [can help](https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/back-pain\/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take) build strength and stability in the back. However, the type of exercise that will benefit each person can vary.\n\nPeople may want to focus on strengthening exercises, improving flexibility and balance, or a combination of the two. If a person is not used to regular exercise, it is important to start slowly and use the correct form to avoid injury.\n\nPeople with underlying back injuries or conditions should speak with a doctor or physical therapist before starting a new exercise program.\n\nSupport bone health\n\nGetting enough calcium and vitamin D and performing weight-bearing exercises [helps keep](https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/back-pain\/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take) the bones strong, which may reduce [osteoporosis](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/155646\/) and the risk of spine fractures.\n\nMaintain a moderate weight\n\nBody weight can increase pressure on joints, including those in the back. A person with obesity may experience [worse outcomes](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538173\/) from back pain.\n\nIf relevant, a doctor may suggest dietary changes, exercise, or sometimes, medications for obesity.\n\nImprove posture\n\nAdopting a neutral posture for sitting and standing may help to prevent back pain. If doing this is difficult, a person may benefit from physical therapy to help strengthen muscles that pull the back into a more neutral position.\n\nBack support devices and ergonomic chairs may also help. It is also important to ensure workspaces are aligned to prevent back pain at work.\n\nLifting and moving safely\n\nPeople with a history of back pain should try to avoid lifting very heavy objects. If this is not possible, pushing the object or lifting it safely by bending the knees instead of the back may help.\n\nWear supportive shoes\n\nShoes with a low heel place less strain on the back. However, some flat shoes with minimal support, such as flip-flops, can also contribute to back pain.\n\nUse a supportive mattress\n\nUse a mattress that keeps the spine aligned and supports the weight of the shoulders and buttocks. Also, use a pillow that does not force the neck into a steep angle.\n\nThere are many potential causes of back pain. The location, type, and severity of the pain can all provide clues about the cause. Sometimes, people need medical tests to identify persistent or severe back pain.\n\nPeople should contact a doctor if home treatments, such as rest, pain medications, or stretching, do not help back pain.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Back pain: Causes, treatments, and when to contact a specialist
Meta Description	Anyone can experience back pain. There are many potential causes, but often, it results from strained muscles. Learn more here.
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Boilerpipe Text	Common reasons for back pain include muscle strain, disk damage, and some chronic conditions, such as fractures due to osteoporosis. Potential treatments include heat therapy, acupuncture, or medications. There are many potential causes of back pain. Back pain may originate in the muscles, bones, or ligaments of the spine. It could also come from the spinal cord and nerves or problems with the internal organs. Strains and sprains Strains are injuries to muscles or tendons , while sprains affect the ligaments. Examples of movements that could lead to one of these injuries include: pushing, pulling, lifting, or carrying something bending over twisting the spine abruptly coughing or sneezing Posture Posture refers to how a person holds themselves when sitting or standing. Over time, some postures can lead to pain. Examples of postures that may eventually cause pain include: forward head posture , which is when the head juts forward over the spine slouching, which involves sitting or standing with rounded shoulders hyperlordosis , which is when the hips tilt forward, arching the lower back Everyday activities can also mean a person adopts an unhealthy posture for prolonged periods. Examples include: driving using a laptop or computer that is too low down sitting in chairs or on couches that do not support the back sleeping on an unsupportive mattress Structural problems Some structural problems of the spine may also result in back pain. These can include : Ruptured disks: Disks cushion each vertebra in the spine. If the disk ruptures, it exerts more pressure on a nerve, resulting in back pain. Sometimes, this pain may travel through the buttock and down the back of a leg. This is known as sciatica. Bulging disks: Similarly, a disk that bulges from its place between the bones can put pressure on a nerve. Sometimes, this may also result in sciatica. Arthritis: Osteoarthritis can cause problems with the joints in the hips, lower back, and other areas of the body. Sometimes, the space around the spinal cord narrows. Health experts call this spinal stenosis . Osteoporosis: This causes the bones to become brittle and porous. When this leads to fractures, osteoporosis may cause back pain. Curvature of the spine: Back pain can occur if the spine curves too much. An example is scoliosis , in which the spine curves to the side. Other causes Other factors that may lead to back pain include: kidney stones menstrual cramps endometriosis pregnancy infections of the spine, bladder , kidneys , or reproductive system shingles , which lies dormant in nerves and can reactivate, causing a painful rash along the nerve path cauda equina syndrome cancer of the spine Back pain can vary in location, severity, and the type of pain a person experiences. For example, muscular pain may feel achy, tight, or like a spasm. Nerve pain may cause stabbing, burning, or shooting pain, while pain in the bones may feel deep and dull. Some back issues can also cause pain in other parts of the body. For example, sciatica can also affect the legs. Along with pain, a person with back pain may also have: difficulty sitting or standing difficulty putting weight on one or both legs pain when moving in certain ways but not others difficulty sleeping A person should seek medical help if they have back pain: that does not improve with rest after an injury or fall with weakness with tingling or “pins and needles” with unexplained weight loss If any of the following occur alongside the pain, seek medical attention immediately: fever incontinence sudden difficulty urinating or having bowel movements numbness anywhere in the body a lump or swelling on the back The best treatment for back pain will depend on its cause and severity. Home treatments At-home treatment for sprains or strains can involve: resting gentle movement or stretching applying a hot compress or an ice pack over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Medications Back pain that does not respond to OTC pain medication may require a prescription drug. Depending on the situation, this could include : anti-inflammatory drugs neuromodulating drugs short-term opioids or muscle relaxants for severe, acute pain Opioids and muscle relaxants require close monitoring by a doctor, as they can cause addiction or dependence. Physical therapy Physical therapy may help ease back pain from injuries, posture-related pain, or a curved spine, among other causes. A physical therapist may help a person strengthen certain muscles, improve flexibility in tight muscles, or both. It is advisable to practice the techniques regularly, even after the pain has gone, to prevent back pain recurrence. Injections A doctor may suggest anti-inflammatory or numbing injections to reduce pain if other options are ineffective. A newer option is Botox , which can reduce pain by paralyzing sprained muscles. This is not a cure, but the results can last for some time if the injection breaks the cycle of pain and spasms . Spinal manipulation or traction Traction involves using pulleys and weights to stretch the back, while spinal manipulation involves a health professional physically applying force to parts of the body. Osteopaths, chiropractors , and physical therapists may use these techniques for back pain. However, if a person has back pain, they should consult a doctor first to see if spinal manipulation is safe for them. Surgery Some people may require surgery for back pain, particularly if the pain is severe, does not improve, or may cause complications. Examples of surgical procedures include : diskectomy, which involves removing a portion of a spinal disk artificial disk replacement, which involves inserting a new disk to replace an old one laminectomy, which treats spinal stenosis spinal fusion, which involves joining vertebrae together to stabilize them spinal cord stimulation, which blocks pain by stimulating the spinal cord with low-level electricity Complementary therapies Complementary therapies that may help with back pain include: acupuncture yoga massage transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) People should only use a TENS machine under the direction of a healthcare professional. A person should avoid TENS if they: are pregnant have a history of epilepsy have a pacemaker low physical fitness older age obesity occupations that involve heavy lifting or sitting in a chair for long periods genetics stress, anxiety , or depression chronic sleep problems A doctor may be able to diagnose back pain after asking about symptoms and carrying out a physical examination . An imaging scan and other tests may be necessary if: back pain appears to result from an injury there is an underlying cause that requires treatment the pain persists over a long period Medical imaging scans can give information about the state of the tissues in the back. A doctor may also order blood tests if they suspect an infection or inflammatory condition. To prevent back pain, it can help to: Exercise regularly Regular exercise can help build strength and stability in the back. However, the type of exercise that will benefit each person can vary. People may want to focus on strengthening exercises, improving flexibility and balance, or a combination of the two. If a person is not used to regular exercise, it is important to start slowly and use the correct form to avoid injury. People with underlying back injuries or conditions should speak with a doctor or physical therapist before starting a new exercise program. Support bone health Getting enough calcium and vitamin D and performing weight-bearing exercises helps keep the bones strong, which may reduce osteoporosis and the risk of spine fractures. Maintain a moderate weight Body weight can increase pressure on joints, including those in the back. A person with obesity may experience worse outcomes from back pain. If relevant, a doctor may suggest dietary changes, exercise, or sometimes, medications for obesity. Improve posture Adopting a neutral posture for sitting and standing may help to prevent back pain. If doing this is difficult, a person may benefit from physical therapy to help strengthen muscles that pull the back into a more neutral position. Back support devices and ergonomic chairs may also help. It is also important to ensure workspaces are aligned to prevent back pain at work. Lifting and moving safely People with a history of back pain should try to avoid lifting very heavy objects. If this is not possible, pushing the object or lifting it safely by bending the knees instead of the back may help. Wear supportive shoes Shoes with a low heel place less strain on the back. However, some flat shoes with minimal support, such as flip-flops, can also contribute to back pain. Use a supportive mattress Use a mattress that keeps the spine aligned and supports the weight of the shoulders and buttocks. Also, use a pillow that does not force the neck into a steep angle. There are many potential causes of back pain. The location, type, and severity of the pain can all provide clues about the cause. Sometimes, people need medical tests to identify persistent or severe back pain. People should contact a doctor if home treatments, such as rest, pain medications, or stretching, do not help back pain.
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[Bezzy Psoriasis](https://www.bezzypsoriasis.com/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect) Follow Us Subscribe # What is causing my back pain, and how can I remedy it? ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Angela-Bell-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Angela M. Bell, MD, FACP]() — Written by [James McIntosh]() — [Updated on January 31, 2025]() - [Causes](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943#causes) - [Symptoms](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943#symptoms) - [Contacting a doctor](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943#contacting-a-doctor) - [Treatment](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943#treatment) - [Risk factors](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943#risk-factors) - [Diagnosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943#diagnosis) - [Prevention](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943#prevention) - [Summary](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943#summary) Common reasons for back pain include muscle strain, disk damage, and some chronic conditions, such as fractures due to osteoporosis. Potential treatments include heat therapy, acupuncture, or medications. There are many potential causes of back pain. Back pain may originate in the muscles, bones, or ligaments of the spine. It could also come from the [spinal cord](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326984/) and nerves or problems with the internal organs. ## [Causes of back pain]() ![A man holding his lower back due to back pain while looking at a laptop.](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/01/What-is-causing-my-back-pain-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg) [Share on Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F172943&media=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.post.rvohealth.io%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2025%2F01%2FWhat-is-causing-my-back-pain-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg&description=Back%20pain%3A%20Causes%2C%20treatments%2C%20and%20when%20to%20contact%20a%20specialist "Share on Pinterest") Eloisa Ramos/Stocksy [Common causes](https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain#tab-causes) of back pain include: ### Strains and sprains Strains are injuries to muscles or [tendons](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326858/), while sprains affect the ligaments. Examples of movements that could lead to one of these injuries include: - pushing, pulling, lifting, or carrying something - bending over - twisting the spine abruptly - [coughing](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/220349) or sneezing Other types of injury that [can cause](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538173/) back pain include [whiplash](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/174605/) and [fractures](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173312). Learn the [difference between a sprain and a strain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321807). ### Posture Posture refers to how a person holds themselves when sitting or standing. Over time, some postures [can lead](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538173/) to pain. Examples of postures that may eventually cause pain include: - [forward head posture](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/forward-head-posture), which is when the head juts forward over the spine - slouching, which involves sitting or standing with [rounded shoulders](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318556) - [hyperlordosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321959), which is when the hips tilt forward, arching the lower back Everyday activities can also mean a person adopts an unhealthy posture for prolonged periods. Examples include: - driving - using a laptop or computer that is too low down - sitting in chairs or on couches that do not support the back - sleeping on an unsupportive mattress Learn more about [different types of posture](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-posture). ### Structural problems Some structural problems of the spine may also result in back pain. These [can include](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538173/): - Ruptured disks: Disks cushion each vertebra in the spine. If the disk ruptures, it exerts more pressure on a nerve, resulting in back pain. Sometimes, this pain may travel through the buttock and down the back of a leg. This is known as sciatica. - Bulging disks: Similarly, a [disk that bulges](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/bulging-disk-in-back) from its place between the bones can put pressure on a nerve. Sometimes, this may also result in sciatica. - Arthritis: [Osteoarthritis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/27871) can cause problems with the joints in the hips, lower back, and other areas of the body. Sometimes, the space around the [spinal cord](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326984/) narrows. Health experts call this [spinal stenosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/spinal-stensosis-symptoms). - Osteoporosis: This causes the bones to become brittle and porous. When this leads to fractures, osteoporosis may cause back pain. - Curvature of the spine: Back pain can occur if the spine curves too much. An example is [scoliosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/190940/), in which the spine curves to the side. ### Other causes Other factors that may lead to back pain include: - [kidney stones](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/kidney-stones-pictures) - [menstrual cramps](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/157333) - [endometriosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/149109) - [pregnancy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324545) - infections of the spine, [bladder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/bladder-location/), [kidneys](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182306/), or reproductive system - [shingles](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154912), which lies dormant in nerves and can reactivate, causing a painful rash along the nerve path - [cauda equina syndrome](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cauda-equina-syndrome) - [cancer of the spine](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/spinal-cancer) Learn [more about spinal problems](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/spinal-problems). ## [Symptoms of back pain]() Back pain can vary in location, severity, and the type of pain a person experiences. For example, [muscular pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322869/) may feel achy, tight, or like a spasm. Nerve pain may cause stabbing, burning, or shooting pain, while pain in the bones may feel deep and dull. Some back issues can also cause pain in other parts of the body. For example, sciatica can also affect the legs. Along with pain, a person with back pain may also have: - difficulty sitting or standing - difficulty putting weight on one or both legs - pain when moving in certain ways but not others - difficulty sleeping Learn [more about sciatica](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7619). ## [When to contact a doctor]() A person should seek medical help if they have back pain: - that does not improve with rest - after an injury or fall - with [weakness](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/asthenia-weakness) - with tingling or “pins and needles” - with [unexplained weight loss](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326417) If any of the following occur alongside the pain, seek medical attention immediately: - fever - incontinence - sudden difficulty urinating or having bowel movements - numbness anywhere in the body - a lump or swelling on the back Learn about [a lumbar MRI for diagnosing back pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323693). ## [Treatment for back pain]() The best treatment for back pain will depend on its cause and severity. ### Home treatments At-home treatment for sprains or strains can involve: - resting - gentle movement or stretching - applying a [hot compress](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/29108#heat_therapy) or an [ice pack](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/29108#cold_therapy) - over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication, such as [nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179211) Learn more about [home remedies for back pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322582). ### Medications Back pain that does not respond to OTC pain medication may require a prescription drug. Depending on the situation, this [could include](https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take): - anti-inflammatory drugs - neuromodulating drugs - short-term [opioids](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-opioids/) or [muscle relaxants](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/muscle-relaxers/) for severe, acute pain Opioids and muscle relaxants require close monitoring by a doctor, as they can cause [addiction](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323465/) or dependence. Learn [how pain medication works](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-does-pain-medicine-work). ### Physical therapy [Physical therapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160645) may help ease back pain from injuries, posture-related pain, or a curved spine, among other causes. A physical therapist may help a person strengthen certain muscles, improve flexibility in tight muscles, or both. It is advisable to practice the techniques regularly, even after the pain has gone, to prevent back pain recurrence. Learn some [exercises for scoliosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325385). ### Injections A doctor may suggest anti-inflammatory or numbing injections to reduce pain if other options are ineffective. A newer option is [Botox](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158647), which can reduce pain by paralyzing sprained muscles. This is not a cure, but the results can last [for some time](https://www.wsh.nhs.uk/CMS-Documents/Patient-leaflets/PainService/5404-1-Botulinum-Toxin-Injections-For-Use-In-Treatment-of-Chronic-Spinal-Pain-Headache-and-Migraines.pdf) if the injection breaks the cycle of pain and [spasms](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321916/). Learn about [potential side effects from injections for back pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-injections-for-back-pain-side-effects). ### Spinal manipulation or traction Traction involves using pulleys and weights to stretch the back, while spinal manipulation involves a health professional physically applying force to parts of the body. Osteopaths, [chiropractors](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/308917/), and [physical therapists](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160645/) may use these techniques for back pain. However, if a person has back pain, they should consult a doctor first to see if spinal manipulation is safe for them. Learn about other [ways to treat back pain without surgery](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325609). ### Surgery Some people may require surgery for back pain, particularly if the pain is severe, does not improve, or may cause complications. Examples of surgical procedures [include](https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take): - diskectomy, which involves removing a portion of a spinal disk - artificial disk replacement, which involves inserting a new disk to replace an old one - laminectomy, which treats spinal stenosis - spinal fusion, which involves joining vertebrae together to stabilize them - spinal cord stimulation, which blocks pain by stimulating the spinal cord with low-level electricity Learn more about [types of spine surgery](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-spine-surgery). ### Complementary therapies Complementary therapies that may help with back pain include: - [acupuncture](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/156488) - [yoga](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/286745) - [massage](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325288) - [transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323632/) People should only use a TENS machine under the direction of a healthcare professional. A person [should avoid](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537188/) TENS if they: - are pregnant - have a history of [epilepsy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-epilepsy) - have a [pacemaker](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/living-with-a-pacemaker) Learn about [laser therapy for back pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/laser-therapy-for-back-pain). ## [Risk factors for back pain]() The following factors link to a [higher risk](https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain#tab-risk) of developing l[ower back pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325381): - low physical fitness - older age - [obesity](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323551 "How Much Should I Weigh?") - occupations that involve heavy lifting or sitting in a chair for long periods - genetics - stress, [anxiety](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323454/), or [depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/chronic-pain-depression) - chronic sleep problems Learn about the connection between [large breasts and back pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/large-breasts-and-upper-back-pain). ## [Diagnosis]() A doctor may be able to diagnose back pain after asking about symptoms and carrying out a [physical examination](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325488). An imaging scan and other tests may be necessary if: - back pain appears to result from an injury - there is an underlying cause that requires treatment - the pain persists over a long period Medical imaging scans can give information about the state of the tissues in the back. A doctor may also order [blood tests](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/blood-tests) if they suspect an infection or inflammatory condition. ## [Prevention of back pain]() To prevent back pain, it can help to: ### Exercise regularly Regular exercise [can help](https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take) build strength and stability in the back. However, the type of exercise that will benefit each person can vary. People may want to focus on strengthening exercises, improving flexibility and balance, or a combination of the two. If a person is not used to regular exercise, it is important to start slowly and use the correct form to avoid injury. People with underlying back injuries or conditions should speak with a doctor or physical therapist before starting a new exercise program. Learn about [exercise and how to start](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153390). ### Support bone health Getting enough calcium and vitamin D and performing weight-bearing exercises [helps keep](https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take) the bones strong, which may reduce [osteoporosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155646/) and the risk of spine fractures. Learn more about [increasing bone density](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325903). ### Maintain a moderate weight Body weight can increase pressure on joints, including those in the back. A person with obesity may experience [worse outcomes](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538173/) from back pain. If relevant, a doctor may suggest dietary changes, exercise, or sometimes, medications for obesity. Learn more about [weight management](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/weight-management). ### Improve posture Adopting a neutral posture for sitting and standing may help to prevent back pain. If doing this is difficult, a person may benefit from physical therapy to help strengthen muscles that pull the back into a more neutral position. Back support devices and ergonomic chairs may also help. It is also important to ensure workspaces are aligned to prevent back pain at work. Learn more about [improving posture](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325883). ### Lifting and moving safely People with a history of back pain should try to avoid lifting very heavy objects. If this is not possible, pushing the object or lifting it safely by bending the knees instead of the back may help. ### Wear supportive shoes Shoes with a low heel place less strain on the back. However, some flat shoes with minimal support, such as flip-flops, can also contribute to back pain. ### Use a supportive mattress Use a mattress that keeps the spine aligned and supports the weight of the shoulders and buttocks. Also, use a pillow that does not force the neck into a steep angle. ## [Summary]() There are many potential causes of back pain. The location, type, and severity of the pain can all provide clues about the cause. Sometimes, people need medical tests to identify persistent or severe back pain. People should contact a doctor if home treatments, such as rest, pain medications, or stretching, do not help back pain. [Read the article in Spanish.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/es/dolor-de-espalda) - [Back Pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/back-pain) - [Body Aches](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/body-aches) - [Bones / Orthopedics](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/bones) - [Pain / Anesthetics](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/pain) ### How we reviewed this article: Sources Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/process). - Back pain. (2023). <https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain> - Casiano VE, et al. (2023). Back pain. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538173/> - Teoli D, et al. (2024). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537188/> - The use of Botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of chronic spinal pain, headache and migraines. (2019). <https://www.wsh.nhs.uk/CMS-Documents/Patient-leaflets/PainService/5404-1-Botulinum-Toxin-Injections-For-Use-In-Treatment-of-Chronic-Spinal-Pain-Headache-and-Migraines.pdf> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Angela-Bell-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Angela M. Bell, MD, FACP]() — Written by [James McIntosh]() — [Updated on January 31, 2025]() ## Latest news - [Eating high amounts of red meat may raise diabetes risk by as much as 49%](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/eating-high-amounts-red-meat-raise-diabetes-risk-49) - [5 facts and myths about protein, unpicked by experts](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/expert-qa-5-facts-and-myths-about-protein) - [Expert birders have younger brains: How expertise may protect brain health](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/expert-birders-have-younger-brains-how-expertise-may-protect-brain-health) - [AI tool may offer early warning of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ai-tool-predicts-colorectal-cancer-risk-ulcerative-colitis-patients) - [Daily aspirin does not lower colorectal cancer risk, review finds](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/daily-aspirin-does-not-lower-colorectal-cancer-risk) ### Related Coverage - [Home remedies for fast back pain relief](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322582?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Angela M. Bell, MD, FACP](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers) [Back pain is a widespread and potentially debilitating problem. Learn which home remedies can relieve back pain quickly and help prevent it in the…](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322582?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322582?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Can yoga help with chronic back pain?](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315194?utm_source=ReadNext) [A new systematic Cochrane review analyzes existing studies on the benefits of yoga for reducing chronic, non-specific lower back pain.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315194?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315194?utm_source=ReadNext) - [What causes upper left back pain, and when to get help](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/upper-left-back-pain?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Alana Biggers, M.D., MPH](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers) [Upper left back pain can occur due to injuries, posture, or an underlying health condition. Learn about causes, treatments, and prevention tips here.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/upper-left-back-pain?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/upper-left-back-pain?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Do posture correctors work and when to see a doctor](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/do-posture-correctors-work?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Gregory Minnis, DPT](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers) [Posture correctors may help fix a slouching posture and reduce pain, but research on their effectiveness is mixed. Learn more.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/do-posture-correctors-work?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/do-posture-correctors-work?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Walking 100 minutes per day may help lower risk of chronic back pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/walking-100-minutes-per-day-may-help-lower-risk-chronic-back-pain?utm_source=ReadNext) [Participants who walked for more than 100 minutes per day had a 23% lower risk of chronic low back pain, compared to those who walked less than 78…](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/walking-100-minutes-per-day-may-help-lower-risk-chronic-back-pain?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/walking-100-minutes-per-day-may-help-lower-risk-chronic-back-pain?utm_source=ReadNext) © 2026 Healthline Media UK Ltd, London, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. 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Readable Markdown	Common reasons for back pain include muscle strain, disk damage, and some chronic conditions, such as fractures due to osteoporosis. Potential treatments include heat therapy, acupuncture, or medications. There are many potential causes of back pain. Back pain may originate in the muscles, bones, or ligaments of the spine. It could also come from the [spinal cord](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326984/) and nerves or problems with the internal organs. Strains and sprains Strains are injuries to muscles or [tendons](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326858/), while sprains affect the ligaments. Examples of movements that could lead to one of these injuries include: - pushing, pulling, lifting, or carrying something - bending over - twisting the spine abruptly - [coughing](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/220349) or sneezing Posture Posture refers to how a person holds themselves when sitting or standing. Over time, some postures [can lead](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538173/) to pain. Examples of postures that may eventually cause pain include: - [forward head posture](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/forward-head-posture), which is when the head juts forward over the spine - slouching, which involves sitting or standing with [rounded shoulders](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318556) - [hyperlordosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321959), which is when the hips tilt forward, arching the lower back Everyday activities can also mean a person adopts an unhealthy posture for prolonged periods. Examples include: - driving - using a laptop or computer that is too low down - sitting in chairs or on couches that do not support the back - sleeping on an unsupportive mattress Structural problems Some structural problems of the spine may also result in back pain. These [can include](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538173/): - Ruptured disks: Disks cushion each vertebra in the spine. If the disk ruptures, it exerts more pressure on a nerve, resulting in back pain. Sometimes, this pain may travel through the buttock and down the back of a leg. This is known as sciatica. - Bulging disks: Similarly, a [disk that bulges](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/bulging-disk-in-back) from its place between the bones can put pressure on a nerve. Sometimes, this may also result in sciatica. - Arthritis: [Osteoarthritis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/27871) can cause problems with the joints in the hips, lower back, and other areas of the body. Sometimes, the space around the [spinal cord](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326984/) narrows. Health experts call this [spinal stenosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/spinal-stensosis-symptoms). - Osteoporosis: This causes the bones to become brittle and porous. When this leads to fractures, osteoporosis may cause back pain. - Curvature of the spine: Back pain can occur if the spine curves too much. An example is [scoliosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/190940/), in which the spine curves to the side. Other causes Other factors that may lead to back pain include: - [kidney stones](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/kidney-stones-pictures) - [menstrual cramps](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/157333) - [endometriosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/149109) - [pregnancy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324545) - infections of the spine, [bladder](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/bladder-location/), [kidneys](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182306/), or reproductive system - [shingles](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154912), which lies dormant in nerves and can reactivate, causing a painful rash along the nerve path - [cauda equina syndrome](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cauda-equina-syndrome) - [cancer of the spine](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/spinal-cancer) Back pain can vary in location, severity, and the type of pain a person experiences. For example, [muscular pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322869/) may feel achy, tight, or like a spasm. Nerve pain may cause stabbing, burning, or shooting pain, while pain in the bones may feel deep and dull. Some back issues can also cause pain in other parts of the body. For example, sciatica can also affect the legs. Along with pain, a person with back pain may also have: - difficulty sitting or standing - difficulty putting weight on one or both legs - pain when moving in certain ways but not others - difficulty sleeping A person should seek medical help if they have back pain: - that does not improve with rest - after an injury or fall - with [weakness](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/asthenia-weakness) - with tingling or “pins and needles” - with [unexplained weight loss](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326417) If any of the following occur alongside the pain, seek medical attention immediately: - fever - incontinence - sudden difficulty urinating or having bowel movements - numbness anywhere in the body - a lump or swelling on the back The best treatment for back pain will depend on its cause and severity. Home treatments At-home treatment for sprains or strains can involve: - resting - gentle movement or stretching - applying a [hot compress](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/29108#heat_therapy) or an [ice pack](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/29108#cold_therapy) - over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication, such as [nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179211) Medications Back pain that does not respond to OTC pain medication may require a prescription drug. Depending on the situation, this [could include](https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take): - anti-inflammatory drugs - neuromodulating drugs - short-term [opioids](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-opioids/) or [muscle relaxants](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/muscle-relaxers/) for severe, acute pain Opioids and muscle relaxants require close monitoring by a doctor, as they can cause [addiction](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323465/) or dependence. Physical therapy [Physical therapy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160645) may help ease back pain from injuries, posture-related pain, or a curved spine, among other causes. A physical therapist may help a person strengthen certain muscles, improve flexibility in tight muscles, or both. It is advisable to practice the techniques regularly, even after the pain has gone, to prevent back pain recurrence. Injections A doctor may suggest anti-inflammatory or numbing injections to reduce pain if other options are ineffective. A newer option is [Botox](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158647), which can reduce pain by paralyzing sprained muscles. This is not a cure, but the results can last [for some time](https://www.wsh.nhs.uk/CMS-Documents/Patient-leaflets/PainService/5404-1-Botulinum-Toxin-Injections-For-Use-In-Treatment-of-Chronic-Spinal-Pain-Headache-and-Migraines.pdf) if the injection breaks the cycle of pain and [spasms](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321916/). Spinal manipulation or traction Traction involves using pulleys and weights to stretch the back, while spinal manipulation involves a health professional physically applying force to parts of the body. Osteopaths, [chiropractors](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/308917/), and [physical therapists](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160645/) may use these techniques for back pain. However, if a person has back pain, they should consult a doctor first to see if spinal manipulation is safe for them. Surgery Some people may require surgery for back pain, particularly if the pain is severe, does not improve, or may cause complications. Examples of surgical procedures [include](https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take): - diskectomy, which involves removing a portion of a spinal disk - artificial disk replacement, which involves inserting a new disk to replace an old one - laminectomy, which treats spinal stenosis - spinal fusion, which involves joining vertebrae together to stabilize them - spinal cord stimulation, which blocks pain by stimulating the spinal cord with low-level electricity Complementary therapies Complementary therapies that may help with back pain include: - [acupuncture](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/156488) - [yoga](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/286745) - [massage](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325288) - [transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323632/) People should only use a TENS machine under the direction of a healthcare professional. A person [should avoid](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537188/) TENS if they: - are pregnant - have a history of [epilepsy](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-epilepsy) - have a [pacemaker](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/living-with-a-pacemaker) - low physical fitness - older age - [obesity](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323551 "How Much Should I Weigh?") - occupations that involve heavy lifting or sitting in a chair for long periods - genetics - stress, [anxiety](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323454/), or [depression](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/chronic-pain-depression) - chronic sleep problems A doctor may be able to diagnose back pain after asking about symptoms and carrying out a [physical examination](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325488). An imaging scan and other tests may be necessary if: - back pain appears to result from an injury - there is an underlying cause that requires treatment - the pain persists over a long period Medical imaging scans can give information about the state of the tissues in the back. A doctor may also order [blood tests](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/blood-tests) if they suspect an infection or inflammatory condition. To prevent back pain, it can help to: Exercise regularly Regular exercise [can help](https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take) build strength and stability in the back. However, the type of exercise that will benefit each person can vary. People may want to focus on strengthening exercises, improving flexibility and balance, or a combination of the two. If a person is not used to regular exercise, it is important to start slowly and use the correct form to avoid injury. People with underlying back injuries or conditions should speak with a doctor or physical therapist before starting a new exercise program. Support bone health Getting enough calcium and vitamin D and performing weight-bearing exercises [helps keep](https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take) the bones strong, which may reduce [osteoporosis](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155646/) and the risk of spine fractures. Maintain a moderate weight Body weight can increase pressure on joints, including those in the back. A person with obesity may experience [worse outcomes](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538173/) from back pain. If relevant, a doctor may suggest dietary changes, exercise, or sometimes, medications for obesity. Improve posture Adopting a neutral posture for sitting and standing may help to prevent back pain. If doing this is difficult, a person may benefit from physical therapy to help strengthen muscles that pull the back into a more neutral position. Back support devices and ergonomic chairs may also help. It is also important to ensure workspaces are aligned to prevent back pain at work. Lifting and moving safely People with a history of back pain should try to avoid lifting very heavy objects. If this is not possible, pushing the object or lifting it safely by bending the knees instead of the back may help. Wear supportive shoes Shoes with a low heel place less strain on the back. However, some flat shoes with minimal support, such as flip-flops, can also contribute to back pain. Use a supportive mattress Use a mattress that keeps the spine aligned and supports the weight of the shoulders and buttocks. Also, use a pillow that does not force the neck into a steep angle. There are many potential causes of back pain. The location, type, and severity of the pain can all provide clues about the cause. Sometimes, people need medical tests to identify persistent or severe back pain. People should contact a doctor if home treatments, such as rest, pain medications, or stretching, do not help back pain.
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