🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 40 (from laksa003)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa040.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373112\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373112\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112","crawl_time":1775019518,"first_indexed_time":1512203528,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,mayoclinic!www,\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112 s443","src_root_hash":"1608882045018104440","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Heart attack - Diagnosis & treatment - Mayo Clinic","meta_descriptions":["A blockage of blood flow to the heart can damage or destroy heart muscle."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"On this page\nIdeally, a health care provider should screen you during regular checkups for risk factors that can lead to a heart attack.\nA heart attack is often diagnosed in an emergency setting. If you've had or are having a heart attack, care providers will take immediate steps to treat your condition. If you're able to answer questions, you may be asked about your symptoms and medical history.\nDiagnosis of a heart attack includes checking blood pressure, pulse and temperature. Tests are done to see how the heart is beating and to check overall heart health.\nTests\nTests to diagnose a heart attack include:\nElectrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).\nThis first test done to diagnose a heart attack records electrical signals as they travel through the heart. Sticky patches (electrodes) are attached to the chest and sometimes the arms and legs. Signals are recorded as waves displayed on a monitor or printed on paper. An ECG can show if you are having or have had a heart attack.\nBlood tests.\nCertain heart proteins slowly leak into the blood after heart damage from a heart attack. Blood tests can be done to check for these proteins (cardiac markers).\nChest X-ray.\nA chest X-ray shows the condition and size of the heart and lungs.\nEchocardiogram.\nSound waves (ultrasound) create images of the moving heart. This test can show how blood moves through the heart and heart valves. An echocardiogram can help identify whether an area of your heart has been damaged.\nCoronary catheterization (angiogram).\nA long, thin tube (catheter) is inserted into an artery, usually in the leg, and guided to the heart. Dye flows through the catheter to help the arteries show up more clearly on images made during the test.\nCardiac Computerized Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).\nThese tests create images of the heart and chest. Cardiac CT scans use X-rays. Cardiac MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create images of your heart. For both tests, you usually lie on a table that slides inside a long tubelike machine. Each test can be used to diagnose heart problems. They can help show the severity of heart damage.\nMore Information\nTreatment\nEach minute after a heart attack, more heart tissue is damaged or dies. Urgent treatment is needed to fix blood flow and restore oxygen levels. Oxygen is given immediately. Specific heart attack treatment depends on whether there's a partial or complete blockage of blood flow.\nMedications\nMedications to treat a heart attack might include:\nAspirin.\nAspirin reduces blood clotting. It helps keep blood moving through a narrowed artery. If you called 911 or your local emergency number, you may be told to chew aspirin. Emergency medical providers may give you aspirin immediately.\nClot busters (thrombolytics or fibrinolytics).\nThese drugs help break up any blood clots that are blocking blood flow to the heart. The earlier a thrombolytic drug is given after a heart attack, the less the heart is damaged and the greater the chance of survival.\nOther blood-thinning medicines.\nA medicine called heparin may be given by an intravenous (IV) injection. Heparin makes the blood less sticky and less likely to form clots.\nNitroglycerin.\nThis medication widens the blood vessels. It helps improve blood flow to the heart. Nitroglycerin is used to treat sudden chest pain (angina). It's given as a shot, a pill that goes under the tongue, as a pill to swallow or as a skin patch.\nMorphine.\nThis medicine is given to relieve chest pain that doesn't go away with nitroglycerin.\nBeta blockers.\nThese medications slow the heartbeat and decrease blood pressure. Beta blockers can limit the amount of heart muscle damage and prevent future heart attacks. They are given to most people who are having a heart attack.\nBlood pressure medicines called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.\nThese drugs lower blood pressure and reduce stress on the heart.\nStatins.\nThese drugs help lower unhealthy cholesterol levels. Too much bad (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) cholesterol can clog arteries.\nSurgical and other procedures\nIf you've had a heart attack, a surgery or procedure may be done to open a blocked artery. Surgeries and procedures to treat a heart attack include:\nCoronary angioplasty and stenting.\nThis procedure is done to open clogged heart arteries. It may also be called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). If you've had a heart attack, this procedure is often done during a procedure to find blockages (cardiac catheterization).\nDuring angioplasty, a heart doctor (cardiologist) guides a thin, flexible tube (catheter) to the narrowed part of the heart artery. A tiny balloon is inflated to help widen the blocked artery and improve blood flow.\nA small wire mesh tube (stent) may be placed in the artery during angioplasty. The stent helps keep the artery open. It lowers the risk of the artery narrowing again. Some stents are coated with a medication that helps keep the arteries open.\nCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).\nThis is open-heart surgery. A surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body to create a new path for blood in the heart. The blood then goes around the blocked or narrowed coronary artery. It may be done as an emergency surgery at the time of a heart attack. Sometimes it's done a few days later, after the heart has recovered a bit.\nCardiac rehabilitation\nCardiac rehabilitation is a personalized exercise and education program that teaches ways to improve heart health after heart surgery. It focuses on exercise, a heart-healthy diet, stress management and a gradual return to usual activities. Most hospitals offer cardiac rehabilitation starting in the hospital. The program typically continues for a few weeks or months after you return home.\nPeople who attend cardiac rehab after a heart attack generally live longer and are less likely to have another heart attack or complications from the heart attack. If cardiac rehab is not recommended during your hospital stay, ask your provider about it.\nMore Information\nClinical trials\nExplore Mayo Clinic studies\n testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition.\nSelf care\nTo improve heart health, take the following steps:\nExercise.\nRegular exercise helps improve heart health. As a general goal, aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity five or more days a week. If you've had a heart attack or heart surgery, you may have activity restrictions. Ask your health care provider what's best for you.\nEat a heart-healthy diet.\nAvoid or limit foods with a lot of saturated fat, trans fats, salt and sugar. Choose whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, such as fish and beans.\nMaintain a healthy weight.\nToo much weight strains the heart. Being overweight increases the risk of high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes.\nDon't smoke.\nQuitting smoking is the most important thing you can do to improve heart health. Also, avoid being around secondhand smoke. If you need to quit, ask your provider for help.\nAsk your healthcare team about alcohol.\n If you choose to drink alcohol, limit how often you drink and keep the amount small. That often means less than 1 to 2 drinks a day on any specific day.\nGet regular health checkups.\nSome of the major risk factors for a heart attack — high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes — don't cause early symptoms.\nManage blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar.\nAsk your provider how often you need to have your blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol levels checked.\nControl stress.\nFind ways to help reduce emotional stress. Getting more exercise, practicing mindfulness and connecting with others in support groups are some ways to ease stress.\nGet good sleep.\nPoor sleep may increase the risk of heart disease and other long-term health conditions. Adults should try to get 7 to 9 hours of sleep daily.\nCoping and support\nHaving a heart attack is scary. Talking about your feelings with your care provider, a family member or a friend might help. Or consider talking to a mental health care provider or joining a support group. Support groups let you connect with others who have been through similar events.\nIf you feel sad, scared or depressed, tell your care provider. Cardiac rehabilitation programs can help prevent or treat depression after a heart attack.\nSex after a heart attack\nSome people worry about having sex after a heart attack. Most people can safely return to sexual activity after recovery. But talk to your care provider first. When you can resume sex may depend on your physical comfort, emotional readiness and previous sexual activity.\nSome heart medications can affect sexual function. If you're having problems with sexual dysfunction, talk to your care provider.\nPreparing for your appointment\nA heart attack usually is diagnosed in an emergency setting. However, if you're concerned about your risk of a heart attack, talk to your care provider. A cardiovascular risk assessment can be done to determine your level of risk.\nYou may be referred to a doctor trained in heart diseases (cardiologist).\nHere's some information to help you prepare for your appointment.\nWhat you can do\nWhen you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restrict your diet. You might need to avoid food or drink for a while before a cholesterol test, for example.\nMake a list of:\nYour symptoms,\nincluding any that seem unrelated to heart disease, and when they began\nFamily history of heart problems,\nincluding heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes or early heart attacks\nImportant personal information,\nincluding recent major stresses or recent life changes\nAll medications,\nvitamins and other supplements you take, including doses\nQuestions to ask\nyour provider\nTake a friend or relative along, if possible, to help you remember the information you're given.\nSome questions to ask your provider about heart attack prevention include:\nWhat tests do I need to determine my current heart health?\nWhat foods should I eat or avoid?\nWhat's an appropriate level of physical activity?\nHow often should I be screened for heart disease?\nI have other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together?\nAre there brochures or other printed material that I can have? What websites do you recommend?\nDon't hesitate to ask other questions.\nWhat to expect from your doctor\nYour health care provider is likely to ask you questions, including:\nHow severe are your symptoms?\nAre they constant or do they come and go?\nWhat, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms?\nIf you have chest pain, does it improve with rest?\nWhat, if anything, worsens your symptoms?\nIf you have chest pain, does strenuous activity make it worse?\nHave you been diagnosed with high blood pressure, diabetes or high cholesterol?\nWhat you can do in the meantime\nIt's never too early to make healthy lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, eating healthy foods and becoming more active. These are important steps in preventing heart attacks and improving overall health.\nMarch 27, 2026\nHeart attack: Overview. CardioSmart: American College of Cardiology https:\/\/www.cardiosmart.org\/topics\/heart-attack\/overview. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\nReeder GS, et al. Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\nWhat is a heart attack? American Heart Association. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/health-topics\/heart-attack\/about-heart-attacks. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\nAskMayoExpert. Cardiac rehabilitation: Indications (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2022.\nHow to be more active. American Heart Association. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/healthy-living\/healthy-lifestyle\/lifes-essential-8. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\nAskMayoExpert. ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Mayo Clinic; 2023.\nLibby P, et al., eds. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. In: Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\nFerri FF. Myocardial infarction. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2026. Elsevier; 2026. https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\nWilson PWF, et al. Prognosis after myocardial infarction. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\nCardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): First aid. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/first-aid\/first-aid-cpr\/basics\/art-20056600. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\nPiano MR, et al. Alcohol use and cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025; doi:10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001341.\nHow to eat better. American Heart Association. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/healthy-living\/healthy-lifestyle\/lifes-essential-8. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\nSmall AM, et al. Lipoprotein(a), C-reactive protein, and cardiovascular risk in primary and secondary prevention populations. JAMA Cardiology. 2024; doi:10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.5605.\nZuin M, et al. Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction after COVID-19 recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology; 2023; doi:10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.12.032.\nHighlights of the 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. American Heart Association. https:\/\/cpr.heart.org\/en\/resuscitation-science\/guidelines-updates-and-highlights. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\nGulati M, et al. 2021 AHA\/ACC\/ASE\/CHEST\/SAEM\/SCCT\/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2021; doi:10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.053.\nBlaha MJ, et al. Sexual activity in patients with cardiovascular disease. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\nCutlip D, et al. Revascularization in patients with stable coronary artery disease: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed Jan. 14, 2026.\nCoronary artery disease. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/coronary-artery-disease\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20350613. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\nPericarditis. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/pericarditis\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20352510. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\nMedical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Jan. 14, 2026.\nLloyd-Jones DM, et al. Life's essential 8: Updating and enhancing the American Heart Association's construct of cardiovascular health: A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022; doi:10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001078.\nAskMayoExpert. Considerations in STEMI management (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2023.\nCatheter angiography. RadiologyInfo. https:\/\/www.radiologyinfo.org\/en\/info\/angiocath. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\nZhang P, et al. The impact of the time factors on the exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation outcomes of the patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2024; doi:10.1186\/s12872-023-03692-z.\nHeart attack recovery: Questions and answers. American Heart Association. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/health-topics\/heart-attack\/life-after-a-heart-attack\/heart-attack-recovery-faqs. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\nKaneko H, et al. Age-dependent association between modifiable risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2023; doi:10.1161\/JAHA.122.027684.\nFaridi KF, et al. 10-year and 30-year risks of cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2025; doi:10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.03.546.\nMetabolic syndrome. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/metabolic-syndrome\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20351916. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\nStatescu C, et al. A systematic review on the risk modulators of myocardial infarction in the \"young\" — implications of lipoprotein (a). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; doi:10.3390\/ijms24065927.\nAskMayoExpert. Familial hypercholesterolemia. Mayo Clinic; 2023.\nRajendran A, et al. Sex-specific differences in cardiovascular risk factors and implications for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Atherosclerosis. 2023; doi:10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117269.\nBlood tests for heart disease. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-disease\/in-depth\/heart-disease\/art-20049357. Accessed Jan. 23, 2026.\nHeart attack - Diagnosis & treatment - Mayo Clinic\nMore Information\nAssociated Procedures\nCON-20373087\nNational Doctors’ Day is March 30!\nYour gift to celebrate this day advances our doctors’ lifesaving work.","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112#main-content)\n\n[![Mayo Clinic Home Page](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/mayoclinic\/images\/logos\/mayo-clinic-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/)\n\n[![Mayo Clinic Home Page](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/mayoclinic\/images\/logos\/mayo-clinic-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/)\n\n- [Request appointment](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/appointments)\n- [Log in](https:\/\/onlineservices.mayoclinic.org\/content\/staticpatient\/showpage\/patientonline)\n- Search\n- Menu\n  \n  [Request appointment](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/appointments)\n  \n  [Donate](https:\/\/give.mayoclinic.org\/give\/609586\/#!\/donation\/checkout)\n  \n  [Diseases & conditions](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions)\n  \n  [Find a doctor](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/appointments\/find-a-doctor)\n  \n  - 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[Diseases & Conditions](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions)\n# Heart attack\n[Request an appointment](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/appointments)\n***\n- [Symptoms & causes](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20373106)\n- [Diagnosis & treatment](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112)\n- [Doctors & departments](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/doctors-departments\/ddc-20373113)\n\n## On this page\n- [Diagnosis](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112#diagnosis)\n- [Treatment](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112#treatment)\n- [Self care](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112#self-care)\n- [Coping and support](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112#coping-and-support)\n- [Preparing for your appointment](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112#preparing-for-your-appointment)\n\n***\n## Diagnosis\n\nIdeally, a health care provider should screen you during regular checkups for risk factors that can lead to a heart attack.\n\nA heart attack is often diagnosed in an emergency setting. If you've had or are having a heart attack, care providers will take immediate steps to treat your condition. If you're able to answer questions, you may be asked about your symptoms and medical history.\n\nDiagnosis of a heart attack includes checking blood pressure, pulse and temperature. Tests are done to see how the heart is beating and to check overall heart health.\n\n### Tests\nTests to diagnose a heart attack include:\n\n- **Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).** This first test done to diagnose a heart attack records electrical signals as they travel through the heart. Sticky patches (electrodes) are attached to the chest and sometimes the arms and legs. Signals are recorded as waves displayed on a monitor or printed on paper. An ECG can show if you are having or have had a heart attack.\n- **Blood tests.** Certain heart proteins slowly leak into the blood after heart damage from a heart attack. Blood tests can be done to check for these proteins (cardiac markers).\n- **Chest X-ray.** A chest X-ray shows the condition and size of the heart and lungs.\n- **Echocardiogram.** Sound waves (ultrasound) create images of the moving heart. This test can show how blood moves through the heart and heart valves. An echocardiogram can help identify whether an area of your heart has been damaged.\n- **Coronary catheterization (angiogram).** A long, thin tube (catheter) is inserted into an artery, usually in the leg, and guided to the heart. Dye flows through the catheter to help the arteries show up more clearly on images made during the test.\n- **Cardiac Computerized Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).** These tests create images of the heart and chest. Cardiac CT scans use X-rays. Cardiac MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create images of your heart. For both tests, you usually lie on a table that slides inside a long tubelike machine. Each test can be used to diagnose heart problems. They can help show the severity of heart damage.\n\n### More Information\nShow 1 more\n\n- [Cardiac catheterization](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/cardiac-catheterization\/about\/pac-20384695)\n- [Chest X-rays](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/chest-x-rays\/about\/pac-20393494)\n- [Coronary angiogram](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/coronary-angiogram\/about\/pac-20384904)\n- [Echocardiogram](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/echocardiogram\/about\/pac-20393856)\n- [Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/ekg\/about\/pac-20384983)\n\n- [Stress test](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/stress-test\/about\/pac-20385234)\n\nShow 1 more\n\n***\n## Treatment\n\nEach minute after a heart attack, more heart tissue is damaged or dies. Urgent treatment is needed to fix blood flow and restore oxygen levels. Oxygen is given immediately. Specific heart attack treatment depends on whether there's a partial or complete blockage of blood flow.\n\n### Medications\nMedications to treat a heart attack might include:\n\n- **Aspirin.** Aspirin reduces blood clotting. It helps keep blood moving through a narrowed artery. If you called 911 or your local emergency number, you may be told to chew aspirin. Emergency medical providers may give you aspirin immediately.\n- **Clot busters (thrombolytics or fibrinolytics).** These drugs help break up any blood clots that are blocking blood flow to the heart. The earlier a thrombolytic drug is given after a heart attack, the less the heart is damaged and the greater the chance of survival.\n- **Other blood-thinning medicines.** A medicine called heparin may be given by an intravenous (IV) injection. Heparin makes the blood less sticky and less likely to form clots.\n- **Nitroglycerin.** This medication widens the blood vessels. It helps improve blood flow to the heart. Nitroglycerin is used to treat sudden chest pain (angina). It's given as a shot, a pill that goes under the tongue, as a pill to swallow or as a skin patch.\n- **Morphine.** This medicine is given to relieve chest pain that doesn't go away with nitroglycerin.\n- **Beta blockers.** These medications slow the heartbeat and decrease blood pressure. Beta blockers can limit the amount of heart muscle damage and prevent future heart attacks. They are given to most people who are having a heart attack.\n- **Blood pressure medicines called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.** These drugs lower blood pressure and reduce stress on the heart.\n- **Statins.** These drugs help lower unhealthy cholesterol levels. Too much bad (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) cholesterol can clog arteries.\n\n### Surgical and other procedures\nIf you've had a heart attack, a surgery or procedure may be done to open a blocked artery. Surgeries and procedures to treat a heart attack include:\n\n- **Coronary angioplasty and stenting.** This procedure is done to open clogged heart arteries. It may also be called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). If you've had a heart attack, this procedure is often done during a procedure to find blockages (cardiac catheterization).\n  During angioplasty, a heart doctor (cardiologist) guides a thin, flexible tube (catheter) to the narrowed part of the heart artery. A tiny balloon is inflated to help widen the blocked artery and improve blood flow.\n  A small wire mesh tube (stent) may be placed in the artery during angioplasty. The stent helps keep the artery open. It lowers the risk of the artery narrowing again. Some stents are coated with a medication that helps keep the arteries open.\n- **Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).** This is open-heart surgery. A surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body to create a new path for blood in the heart. The blood then goes around the blocked or narrowed coronary artery. It may be done as an emergency surgery at the time of a heart attack. Sometimes it's done a few days later, after the heart has recovered a bit.\n\n### Cardiac rehabilitation\nCardiac rehabilitation is a personalized exercise and education program that teaches ways to improve heart health after heart surgery. It focuses on exercise, a heart-healthy diet, stress management and a gradual return to usual activities. Most hospitals offer cardiac rehabilitation starting in the hospital. The program typically continues for a few weeks or months after you return home.\n\nPeople who attend cardiac rehab after a heart attack generally live longer and are less likely to have another heart attack or complications from the heart attack. If cardiac rehab is not recommended during your hospital stay, ask your provider about it.\n\n### More Information\nShow 3 more\n\n- [Calcium supplements: A risk factor for heart attack?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/expert-answers\/calcium-supplements\/faq-20058352)\n- [NSAIDs: Do they increase my risk of heart attack and stroke?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/expert-answers\/nsaids-heart-attack-stroke\/faq-20147557)\n- [Silent heart attack](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/expert-answers\/silent-heart-attack\/faq-20057777)\n- [Coronary artery bypass surgery](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/coronary-bypass-surgery\/about\/pac-20384589)\n- [Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/ecmo\/about\/pac-20484615)\n\n- [Flu Shot Prevents Heart Attack](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/multimedia\/vid-20078223)\n- [Heart Attack Timing](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/multimedia\/vid-20078240)\n- [Heart attack](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/multimedia\/heart-attack\/img-20006160)\n\nShow 3 more\n\n## Clinical trials\n[Explore Mayo Clinic studies](https:\/\/www.mayo.edu\/research\/clinical-trials\/search-results?studySiteStatusesGrouped=Open\/Status%20Unknown&pocId=CON-20373087) testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition.\n\n***\n## Self care\n\nTo improve heart health, take the following steps:\n\n- **Exercise.** Regular exercise helps improve heart health. As a general goal, aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity five or more days a week. If you've had a heart attack or heart surgery, you may have activity restrictions. Ask your health care provider what's best for you.\n- **Eat a heart-healthy diet.** Avoid or limit foods with a lot of saturated fat, trans fats, salt and sugar. Choose whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, such as fish and beans.\n- **Maintain a healthy weight.** Too much weight strains the heart. Being overweight increases the risk of high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes.\n- **Don't smoke.** Quitting smoking is the most important thing you can do to improve heart health. Also, avoid being around secondhand smoke. If you need to quit, ask your provider for help.\n- **Ask your healthcare team about alcohol.** If you choose to drink alcohol, limit how often you drink and keep the amount small. That often means less than 1 to 2 drinks a day on any specific day.\n- **Get regular health checkups.** Some of the major risk factors for a heart attack — high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes — don't cause early symptoms.\n- **Manage blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar.** Ask your provider how often you need to have your blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol levels checked.\n- **Control stress.** Find ways to help reduce emotional stress. Getting more exercise, practicing mindfulness and connecting with others in support groups are some ways to ease stress.\n- **Get good sleep.** Poor sleep may increase the risk of heart disease and other long-term health conditions. Adults should try to get 7 to 9 hours of sleep daily.\n\n***\n## Coping and support\n\nHaving a heart attack is scary. Talking about your feelings with your care provider, a family member or a friend might help. Or consider talking to a mental health care provider or joining a support group. Support groups let you connect with others who have been through similar events.\n\nIf you feel sad, scared or depressed, tell your care provider. Cardiac rehabilitation programs can help prevent or treat depression after a heart attack.\n\n### Sex after a heart attack\nSome people worry about having sex after a heart attack. Most people can safely return to sexual activity after recovery. But talk to your care provider first. When you can resume sex may depend on your physical comfort, emotional readiness and previous sexual activity.\n\nSome heart medications can affect sexual function. If you're having problems with sexual dysfunction, talk to your care provider.\n\n***\n## Preparing for your appointment\n\nA heart attack usually is diagnosed in an emergency setting. However, if you're concerned about your risk of a heart attack, talk to your care provider. A cardiovascular risk assessment can be done to determine your level of risk.\n\nYou may be referred to a doctor trained in heart diseases (cardiologist).\n\nHere's some information to help you prepare for your appointment.\n\n### What you can do\nWhen you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restrict your diet. You might need to avoid food or drink for a while before a cholesterol test, for example.\n\nMake a list of:\n\n- **Your symptoms,** including any that seem unrelated to heart disease, and when they began\n- **Family history of heart problems,** including heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes or early heart attacks\n- **Important personal information,** including recent major stresses or recent life changes\n- **All medications,** vitamins and other supplements you take, including doses\n- **Questions to ask** your provider\n\nTake a friend or relative along, if possible, to help you remember the information you're given.\n\nSome questions to ask your provider about heart attack prevention include:\n\n- What tests do I need to determine my current heart health?\n- What foods should I eat or avoid?\n- What's an appropriate level of physical activity?\n- How often should I be screened for heart disease?\n- I have other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together?\n- Are there brochures or other printed material that I can have? What websites do you recommend?\n\nDon't hesitate to ask other questions.\n\n### What to expect from your doctor\nYour health care provider is likely to ask you questions, including:\n\n- How severe are your symptoms?\n- Are they constant or do they come and go?\n- What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms?\n- If you have chest pain, does it improve with rest?\n- What, if anything, worsens your symptoms?\n- If you have chest pain, does strenuous activity make it worse?\n- Have you been diagnosed with high blood pressure, diabetes or high cholesterol?\n\n### What you can do in the meantime\nIt's never too early to make healthy lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, eating healthy foods and becoming more active. These are important steps in preventing heart attacks and improving overall health.\n\n[Request an appointment](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/appointments)\n***\n[By Mayo Clinic Staff](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/about-this-site\/meet-our-medical-editors)\n\nMarch 27, 2026\n\n[Print](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112?p=1)\n\nShow References\n\n1. Heart attack: Overview. CardioSmart: American College of Cardiology https:\/\/www.cardiosmart.org\/topics\/heart-attack\/overview. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\n2. Reeder GS, et al. Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\n3. What is a heart attack? American Heart Association. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/health-topics\/heart-attack\/about-heart-attacks. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n4. AskMayoExpert. Cardiac rehabilitation: Indications (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2022.\n5. How to be more active. American Heart Association. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/healthy-living\/healthy-lifestyle\/lifes-essential-8. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n6. AskMayoExpert. ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Mayo Clinic; 2023.\n7. Libby P, et al., eds. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. In: Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n8. Ferri FF. Myocardial infarction. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2026. Elsevier; 2026. https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n9. Wilson PWF, et al. Prognosis after myocardial infarction. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n10. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): First aid. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/first-aid\/first-aid-cpr\/basics\/art-20056600. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n11. Piano MR, et al. Alcohol use and cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025; doi:10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001341.\n12. How to eat better. American Heart Association. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/healthy-living\/healthy-lifestyle\/lifes-essential-8. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n13. Small AM, et al. Lipoprotein(a), C-reactive protein, and cardiovascular risk in primary and secondary prevention populations. JAMA Cardiology. 2024; doi:10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.5605.\n14. Zuin M, et al. Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction after COVID-19 recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology; 2023; doi:10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.12.032.\n15. Highlights of the 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. American Heart Association. https:\/\/cpr.heart.org\/en\/resuscitation-science\/guidelines-updates-and-highlights. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\n16. Gulati M, et al. 2021 AHA\/ACC\/ASE\/CHEST\/SAEM\/SCCT\/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2021; doi:10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.053.\n17. Blaha MJ, et al. Sexual activity in patients with cardiovascular disease. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\n18. Cutlip D, et al. Revascularization in patients with stable coronary artery disease: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed Jan. 14, 2026.\n19. Coronary artery disease. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/coronary-artery-disease\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20350613. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n20. Pericarditis. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/pericarditis\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20352510. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n21. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Jan. 14, 2026.\n22. Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Life's essential 8: Updating and enhancing the American Heart Association's construct of cardiovascular health: A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022; doi:10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001078.\n23. AskMayoExpert. Considerations in STEMI management (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2023.\n24. Catheter angiography. RadiologyInfo. https:\/\/www.radiologyinfo.org\/en\/info\/angiocath. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n25. Zhang P, et al. The impact of the time factors on the exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation outcomes of the patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2024; doi:10.1186\/s12872-023-03692-z.\n26. Heart attack recovery: Questions and answers. American Heart Association. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/health-topics\/heart-attack\/life-after-a-heart-attack\/heart-attack-recovery-faqs. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\n27. Kaneko H, et al. Age-dependent association between modifiable risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2023; doi:10.1161\/JAHA.122.027684.\n28. Faridi KF, et al. 10-year and 30-year risks of cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2025; doi:10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.03.546.\n29. Metabolic syndrome. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/metabolic-syndrome\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20351916. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\n30. Statescu C, et al. A systematic review on the risk modulators of myocardial infarction in the \"young\" — implications of lipoprotein (a). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; doi:10.3390\/ijms24065927.\n31. AskMayoExpert. Familial hypercholesterolemia. Mayo Clinic; 2023.\n32. Rajendran A, et al. Sex-specific differences in cardiovascular risk factors and implications for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Atherosclerosis. 2023; doi:10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117269.\n33. Blood tests for heart disease. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-disease\/in-depth\/heart-disease\/art-20049357. Accessed Jan. 23, 2026.\n\n- [Symptoms & causes](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20373106)\n- [Doctors & departments](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/doctors-departments\/ddc-20373113)\n\n1. [Diseases & Conditions](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions)\n2. Heart attack - Diagnosis & treatment - Mayo Clinic\n\n## News from Mayo Clinic\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  Your wearable says your heart rate variability has changed. Now what?\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  Mayo Clinic Minute: Can injectable weight-loss drugs improve heart health?\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  Mayo Clinic Minute: A cardiologist's tips for a healthy heart\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  Mayo Clinic Q and A: Cardiac arrest vs. heart attacks: Who is at risk?\n\nShow 8 more\n\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  Expert explains how to improve heart health, even if your family has history of heart conditions\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  'I died twice that day': Country rap superstar Colt Ford on surviving a near-fatal heart attack\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  (VIDEO) Country rap musician Colt Ford shares his personal story of surviving a near-fatal heart attack\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  Springing into action after a sedentary season? Here's how to protect your heart\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  The brain-heart connection: Mayo Clinic expert explains powerful tie that works both ways\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  Mayo Clinic study reveals hidden causes of heart attacks in younger adults, especially women\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  Mayo Clinic Q\\&A: Health benefits of counting steps\n- ![image](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/en\/images\/2023\/story-placeholder-196x196.png)\n  Mayo Clinic Q\\&A: Can holiday stress trigger a heart attack?\n\nShow 8 more\n\n***\n## More Information\nShow 3 more\n\n- [Calcium supplements: A risk factor for heart attack?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/expert-answers\/calcium-supplements\/faq-20058352)\n- [Flu Shot Prevents Heart Attack](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/multimedia\/vid-20078223)\n- [Heart attack](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/multimedia\/heart-attack\/img-20006160)\n- [Heart attack prevention: Should I avoid secondhand smoke?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/expert-answers\/secondhand-smoke\/faq-20058082)\n- [Heart attack symptoms: Know what's a medical emergency](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/in-depth\/heart-attack-symptoms\/art-20047744)\n\n- [Heart Attack Timing](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/multimedia\/vid-20078240)\n- [NSAIDs: Do they increase my risk of heart attack and stroke?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/expert-answers\/nsaids-heart-attack-stroke\/faq-20147557)\n- [Silent heart attack](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/expert-answers\/silent-heart-attack\/faq-20057777)\n\nShow 3 more\n\n***\n## Associated Procedures\nShow 3 more\n\n- [Cardiac catheterization](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/cardiac-catheterization\/about\/pac-20384695)\n- [Chest X-rays](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/chest-x-rays\/about\/pac-20393494)\n- [Coronary angiogram](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/coronary-angiogram\/about\/pac-20384904)\n- [Coronary artery bypass surgery](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/coronary-bypass-surgery\/about\/pac-20384589)\n- [Echocardiogram](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/echocardiogram\/about\/pac-20393856)\n\n- [Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/ekg\/about\/pac-20384983)\n- [Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/ecmo\/about\/pac-20484615)\n- [Stress test](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/stress-test\/about\/pac-20385234)\n\nShow 3 more\n\nCON-20373087\n\n[Skip Advertisement](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112#advertising-disclaimer)\n\n## Advertisement\n\nMayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.\n\n### Advertising & Sponsorship\n- [Policy](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/about-this-site\/advertising-sponsorship-policy.html)\n- [Opportunities](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/about-this-site\/advertising-sponsorship.html)\n- [Ad Choices](https:\/\/optout.aboutads.info\/)\n\n***\n## Mayo Clinic Press\nCheck out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from [Mayo Clinic Press](https:\/\/mcpress.mayoclinic.org\/?utm_source=MC-DotOrg-Text&utm_medium=Link&utm_campaign=MC-Press&utm_content=MCPRESS).\n\n- [Mayo Clinic on Incontinence](https:\/\/order.store.mayoclinic.com\/flex\/mmv\/incon01\/?utm_source=MC-DotOrg-Text&utm_medium=Link&utm_campaign=Incontinence-Book&utm_content=INC)\n- [The Essential Diabetes Book](https:\/\/order.store.mayoclinic.com\/flex\/mmv\/ESDIAB1\/?altkey=ESMCPRC&utm_source=MC-DotOrg-Text&utm_medium=Link&utm_campaign=Diabetes-Book&utm_content=EDIAB)\n- [Mayo Clinic on Hearing and 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[Digital Accessibility Statement](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/about-this-site\/accessibility-statement)\n- [Advertising & Sponsorship Policy](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/about-this-site\/advertising-sponsorship-policy)\n- [Site Map](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/site-help\/site-map)\n- [Manage Cookies](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/)\n\n- [Terms and Conditions](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/about-this-site\/terms-conditions-use-policy)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/about-this-site\/privacy-policy)\n- [Notice of Privacy Practices](https:\/\/mcforms.mayo.edu\/mc5200-mc5299\/mc5256-01.pdf)\n- [Notice of Nondiscrimination](https:\/\/mcforms.mayo.edu\/mc2500-mc2599\/mc2570-61.pdf)\n- [Digital Accessibility Statement](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/about-this-site\/accessibility-statement)\n- [Advertising and Sponsorship Policy](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/about-this-site\/advertising-sponsorship-policy)\n- [Site Map](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/site-help\/site-map)\n- [Manage Cookies](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/)\n***\nLanguage:\n\nEnglish\n\n- [English](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112)\n- [Español](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/es\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112)\n- [العربية](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/ar\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112)\n- [简体中文](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/zh-hans\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112)\n\n© 1998-2026 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). All rights reserved.\n\nLanguage:\n\nEnglish\n\n- [English](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112)\n- [Español](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/es\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112)\n- [العربية](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/ar\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112)\n- [简体中文](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/zh-hans\/diseases-conditions\/heart-attack\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20373112)","attrs_readable_markdown":"On this page\n\nIdeally, a health care provider should screen you during regular checkups for risk factors that can lead to a heart attack.\n\nA heart attack is often diagnosed in an emergency setting. If you've had or are having a heart attack, care providers will take immediate steps to treat your condition. If you're able to answer questions, you may be asked about your symptoms and medical history.\n\nDiagnosis of a heart attack includes checking blood pressure, pulse and temperature. Tests are done to see how the heart is beating and to check overall heart health.\n\n### Tests\nTests to diagnose a heart attack include:\n\n- **Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).** This first test done to diagnose a heart attack records electrical signals as they travel through the heart. Sticky patches (electrodes) are attached to the chest and sometimes the arms and legs. Signals are recorded as waves displayed on a monitor or printed on paper. An ECG can show if you are having or have had a heart attack.\n- **Blood tests.** Certain heart proteins slowly leak into the blood after heart damage from a heart attack. Blood tests can be done to check for these proteins (cardiac markers).\n- **Chest X-ray.** A chest X-ray shows the condition and size of the heart and lungs.\n- **Echocardiogram.** Sound waves (ultrasound) create images of the moving heart. This test can show how blood moves through the heart and heart valves. An echocardiogram can help identify whether an area of your heart has been damaged.\n- **Coronary catheterization (angiogram).** A long, thin tube (catheter) is inserted into an artery, usually in the leg, and guided to the heart. Dye flows through the catheter to help the arteries show up more clearly on images made during the test.\n- **Cardiac Computerized Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).** These tests create images of the heart and chest. Cardiac CT scans use X-rays. Cardiac MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create images of your heart. For both tests, you usually lie on a table that slides inside a long tubelike machine. Each test can be used to diagnose heart problems. They can help show the severity of heart damage.\n\nMore Information\n\nTreatment\n\nEach minute after a heart attack, more heart tissue is damaged or dies. Urgent treatment is needed to fix blood flow and restore oxygen levels. Oxygen is given immediately. Specific heart attack treatment depends on whether there's a partial or complete blockage of blood flow.\n\n### Medications\nMedications to treat a heart attack might include:\n\n- **Aspirin.** Aspirin reduces blood clotting. It helps keep blood moving through a narrowed artery. If you called 911 or your local emergency number, you may be told to chew aspirin. Emergency medical providers may give you aspirin immediately.\n- **Clot busters (thrombolytics or fibrinolytics).** These drugs help break up any blood clots that are blocking blood flow to the heart. The earlier a thrombolytic drug is given after a heart attack, the less the heart is damaged and the greater the chance of survival.\n- **Other blood-thinning medicines.** A medicine called heparin may be given by an intravenous (IV) injection. Heparin makes the blood less sticky and less likely to form clots.\n- **Nitroglycerin.** This medication widens the blood vessels. It helps improve blood flow to the heart. Nitroglycerin is used to treat sudden chest pain (angina). It's given as a shot, a pill that goes under the tongue, as a pill to swallow or as a skin patch.\n- **Morphine.** This medicine is given to relieve chest pain that doesn't go away with nitroglycerin.\n- **Beta blockers.** These medications slow the heartbeat and decrease blood pressure. Beta blockers can limit the amount of heart muscle damage and prevent future heart attacks. They are given to most people who are having a heart attack.\n- **Blood pressure medicines called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.** These drugs lower blood pressure and reduce stress on the heart.\n- **Statins.** These drugs help lower unhealthy cholesterol levels. Too much bad (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) cholesterol can clog arteries.\n\n### Surgical and other procedures\nIf you've had a heart attack, a surgery or procedure may be done to open a blocked artery. Surgeries and procedures to treat a heart attack include:\n\n- **Coronary angioplasty and stenting.** This procedure is done to open clogged heart arteries. It may also be called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). If you've had a heart attack, this procedure is often done during a procedure to find blockages (cardiac catheterization).\n  During angioplasty, a heart doctor (cardiologist) guides a thin, flexible tube (catheter) to the narrowed part of the heart artery. A tiny balloon is inflated to help widen the blocked artery and improve blood flow.\n  A small wire mesh tube (stent) may be placed in the artery during angioplasty. The stent helps keep the artery open. It lowers the risk of the artery narrowing again. Some stents are coated with a medication that helps keep the arteries open.\n- **Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).** This is open-heart surgery. A surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body to create a new path for blood in the heart. The blood then goes around the blocked or narrowed coronary artery. It may be done as an emergency surgery at the time of a heart attack. Sometimes it's done a few days later, after the heart has recovered a bit.\n\n### Cardiac rehabilitation\nCardiac rehabilitation is a personalized exercise and education program that teaches ways to improve heart health after heart surgery. It focuses on exercise, a heart-healthy diet, stress management and a gradual return to usual activities. Most hospitals offer cardiac rehabilitation starting in the hospital. The program typically continues for a few weeks or months after you return home.\n\nPeople who attend cardiac rehab after a heart attack generally live longer and are less likely to have another heart attack or complications from the heart attack. If cardiac rehab is not recommended during your hospital stay, ask your provider about it.\n\nMore Information\n\nClinical trials\n\n[Explore Mayo Clinic studies](https:\/\/www.mayo.edu\/research\/clinical-trials\/search-results?studySiteStatusesGrouped=Open\/Status%20Unknown&pocId=CON-20373087) testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition.\n\nSelf care\n\nTo improve heart health, take the following steps:\n\n- **Exercise.** Regular exercise helps improve heart health. As a general goal, aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity five or more days a week. If you've had a heart attack or heart surgery, you may have activity restrictions. Ask your health care provider what's best for you.\n- **Eat a heart-healthy diet.** Avoid or limit foods with a lot of saturated fat, trans fats, salt and sugar. Choose whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, such as fish and beans.\n- **Maintain a healthy weight.** Too much weight strains the heart. Being overweight increases the risk of high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes.\n- **Don't smoke.** Quitting smoking is the most important thing you can do to improve heart health. Also, avoid being around secondhand smoke. If you need to quit, ask your provider for help.\n- **Ask your healthcare team about alcohol.** If you choose to drink alcohol, limit how often you drink and keep the amount small. That often means less than 1 to 2 drinks a day on any specific day.\n- **Get regular health checkups.** Some of the major risk factors for a heart attack — high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes — don't cause early symptoms.\n- **Manage blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar.** Ask your provider how often you need to have your blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol levels checked.\n- **Control stress.** Find ways to help reduce emotional stress. Getting more exercise, practicing mindfulness and connecting with others in support groups are some ways to ease stress.\n- **Get good sleep.** Poor sleep may increase the risk of heart disease and other long-term health conditions. Adults should try to get 7 to 9 hours of sleep daily.\n\nCoping and support\n\nHaving a heart attack is scary. Talking about your feelings with your care provider, a family member or a friend might help. Or consider talking to a mental health care provider or joining a support group. Support groups let you connect with others who have been through similar events.\n\nIf you feel sad, scared or depressed, tell your care provider. Cardiac rehabilitation programs can help prevent or treat depression after a heart attack.\n\n### Sex after a heart attack\nSome people worry about having sex after a heart attack. Most people can safely return to sexual activity after recovery. But talk to your care provider first. When you can resume sex may depend on your physical comfort, emotional readiness and previous sexual activity.\n\nSome heart medications can affect sexual function. If you're having problems with sexual dysfunction, talk to your care provider.\n\nPreparing for your appointment\n\nA heart attack usually is diagnosed in an emergency setting. However, if you're concerned about your risk of a heart attack, talk to your care provider. A cardiovascular risk assessment can be done to determine your level of risk.\n\nYou may be referred to a doctor trained in heart diseases (cardiologist).\n\nHere's some information to help you prepare for your appointment.\n\n### What you can do\nWhen you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restrict your diet. You might need to avoid food or drink for a while before a cholesterol test, for example.\n\nMake a list of:\n\n- **Your symptoms,** including any that seem unrelated to heart disease, and when they began\n- **Family history of heart problems,** including heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes or early heart attacks\n- **Important personal information,** including recent major stresses or recent life changes\n- **All medications,** vitamins and other supplements you take, including doses\n- **Questions to ask** your provider\n\nTake a friend or relative along, if possible, to help you remember the information you're given.\n\nSome questions to ask your provider about heart attack prevention include:\n\n- What tests do I need to determine my current heart health?\n- What foods should I eat or avoid?\n- What's an appropriate level of physical activity?\n- How often should I be screened for heart disease?\n- I have other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together?\n- Are there brochures or other printed material that I can have? What websites do you recommend?\n\nDon't hesitate to ask other questions.\n\n### What to expect from your doctor\nYour health care provider is likely to ask you questions, including:\n\n- How severe are your symptoms?\n- Are they constant or do they come and go?\n- What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms?\n- If you have chest pain, does it improve with rest?\n- What, if anything, worsens your symptoms?\n- If you have chest pain, does strenuous activity make it worse?\n- Have you been diagnosed with high blood pressure, diabetes or high cholesterol?\n\n### What you can do in the meantime\nIt's never too early to make healthy lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, eating healthy foods and becoming more active. These are important steps in preventing heart attacks and improving overall health.\n\nMarch 27, 2026\n\n1. Heart attack: Overview. CardioSmart: American College of Cardiology https:\/\/www.cardiosmart.org\/topics\/heart-attack\/overview. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\n2. Reeder GS, et al. Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\n3. What is a heart attack? American Heart Association. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/health-topics\/heart-attack\/about-heart-attacks. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n4. AskMayoExpert. Cardiac rehabilitation: Indications (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2022.\n5. How to be more active. American Heart Association. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/healthy-living\/healthy-lifestyle\/lifes-essential-8. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n6. AskMayoExpert. ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Mayo Clinic; 2023.\n7. Libby P, et al., eds. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. In: Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n8. Ferri FF. Myocardial infarction. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2026. Elsevier; 2026. https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n9. Wilson PWF, et al. Prognosis after myocardial infarction. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n10. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): First aid. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/first-aid\/first-aid-cpr\/basics\/art-20056600. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n11. Piano MR, et al. Alcohol use and cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025; doi:10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001341.\n12. How to eat better. American Heart Association. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/healthy-living\/healthy-lifestyle\/lifes-essential-8. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n13. Small AM, et al. Lipoprotein(a), C-reactive protein, and cardiovascular risk in primary and secondary prevention populations. JAMA Cardiology. 2024; doi:10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.5605.\n14. Zuin M, et al. Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction after COVID-19 recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology; 2023; doi:10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.12.032.\n15. Highlights of the 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. American Heart Association. https:\/\/cpr.heart.org\/en\/resuscitation-science\/guidelines-updates-and-highlights. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\n16. Gulati M, et al. 2021 AHA\/ACC\/ASE\/CHEST\/SAEM\/SCCT\/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2021; doi:10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.053.\n17. Blaha MJ, et al. Sexual activity in patients with cardiovascular disease. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\n18. Cutlip D, et al. Revascularization in patients with stable coronary artery disease: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed Jan. 14, 2026.\n19. Coronary artery disease. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/coronary-artery-disease\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20350613. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n20. Pericarditis. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/pericarditis\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20352510. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n21. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Jan. 14, 2026.\n22. Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Life's essential 8: Updating and enhancing the American Heart Association's construct of cardiovascular health: A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022; doi:10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001078.\n23. AskMayoExpert. Considerations in STEMI management (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2023.\n24. Catheter angiography. RadiologyInfo. https:\/\/www.radiologyinfo.org\/en\/info\/angiocath. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025.\n25. Zhang P, et al. The impact of the time factors on the exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation outcomes of the patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2024; doi:10.1186\/s12872-023-03692-z.\n26. Heart attack recovery: Questions and answers. American Heart Association. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/health-topics\/heart-attack\/life-after-a-heart-attack\/heart-attack-recovery-faqs. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\n27. Kaneko H, et al. Age-dependent association between modifiable risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2023; doi:10.1161\/JAHA.122.027684.\n28. Faridi KF, et al. 10-year and 30-year risks of cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2025; doi:10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.03.546.\n29. Metabolic syndrome. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/metabolic-syndrome\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20351916. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025.\n30. Statescu C, et al. A systematic review on the risk modulators of myocardial infarction in the \"young\" — implications of lipoprotein (a). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; doi:10.3390\/ijms24065927.\n31. AskMayoExpert. Familial hypercholesterolemia. Mayo Clinic; 2023.\n32. Rajendran A, et al. Sex-specific differences in cardiovascular risk factors and implications for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Atherosclerosis. 2023; doi:10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117269.\n33. Blood tests for heart disease. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-disease\/in-depth\/heart-disease\/art-20049357. Accessed Jan. 23, 2026.\n\n1. Heart attack - Diagnosis & treatment - Mayo Clinic\n\nMore Information\n\nAssociated Procedures\n\nCON-20373087\n\n![](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/mayoclinic\/images\/icons\/person-physician.svg)\n\nNational Doctors’ Day is March 30\\!\n\nYour gift to celebrate this day advances our doctors’ lifesaving work.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	On this page Ideally, a health care provider should screen you during regular checkups for risk factors that can lead to a heart attack. A heart attack is often diagnosed in an emergency setting. If you've had or are having a heart attack, care providers will take immediate steps to treat your condition. If you're able to answer questions, you may be asked about your symptoms and medical history. Diagnosis of a heart attack includes checking blood pressure, pulse and temperature. Tests are done to see how the heart is beating and to check overall heart health. Tests Tests to diagnose a heart attack include: Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This first test done to diagnose a heart attack records electrical signals as they travel through the heart. Sticky patches (electrodes) are attached to the chest and sometimes the arms and legs. Signals are recorded as waves displayed on a monitor or printed on paper. An ECG can show if you are having or have had a heart attack. Blood tests. Certain heart proteins slowly leak into the blood after heart damage from a heart attack. Blood tests can be done to check for these proteins (cardiac markers). Chest X-ray. A chest X-ray shows the condition and size of the heart and lungs. Echocardiogram. Sound waves (ultrasound) create images of the moving heart. This test can show how blood moves through the heart and heart valves. An echocardiogram can help identify whether an area of your heart has been damaged. Coronary catheterization (angiogram). A long, thin tube (catheter) is inserted into an artery, usually in the leg, and guided to the heart. Dye flows through the catheter to help the arteries show up more clearly on images made during the test. Cardiac Computerized Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). These tests create images of the heart and chest. Cardiac CT scans use X-rays. Cardiac MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create images of your heart. For both tests, you usually lie on a table that slides inside a long tubelike machine. Each test can be used to diagnose heart problems. They can help show the severity of heart damage. More Information Treatment Each minute after a heart attack, more heart tissue is damaged or dies. Urgent treatment is needed to fix blood flow and restore oxygen levels. Oxygen is given immediately. Specific heart attack treatment depends on whether there's a partial or complete blockage of blood flow. Medications Medications to treat a heart attack might include: Aspirin. Aspirin reduces blood clotting. It helps keep blood moving through a narrowed artery. If you called 911 or your local emergency number, you may be told to chew aspirin. Emergency medical providers may give you aspirin immediately. Clot busters (thrombolytics or fibrinolytics). These drugs help break up any blood clots that are blocking blood flow to the heart. The earlier a thrombolytic drug is given after a heart attack, the less the heart is damaged and the greater the chance of survival. Other blood-thinning medicines. A medicine called heparin may be given by an intravenous (IV) injection. Heparin makes the blood less sticky and less likely to form clots. Nitroglycerin. This medication widens the blood vessels. It helps improve blood flow to the heart. Nitroglycerin is used to treat sudden chest pain (angina). It's given as a shot, a pill that goes under the tongue, as a pill to swallow or as a skin patch. Morphine. This medicine is given to relieve chest pain that doesn't go away with nitroglycerin. Beta blockers. These medications slow the heartbeat and decrease blood pressure. Beta blockers can limit the amount of heart muscle damage and prevent future heart attacks. They are given to most people who are having a heart attack. Blood pressure medicines called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. These drugs lower blood pressure and reduce stress on the heart. Statins. These drugs help lower unhealthy cholesterol levels. Too much bad (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) cholesterol can clog arteries. Surgical and other procedures If you've had a heart attack, a surgery or procedure may be done to open a blocked artery. Surgeries and procedures to treat a heart attack include: Coronary angioplasty and stenting. This procedure is done to open clogged heart arteries. It may also be called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). If you've had a heart attack, this procedure is often done during a procedure to find blockages (cardiac catheterization). During angioplasty, a heart doctor (cardiologist) guides a thin, flexible tube (catheter) to the narrowed part of the heart artery. A tiny balloon is inflated to help widen the blocked artery and improve blood flow. A small wire mesh tube (stent) may be placed in the artery during angioplasty. The stent helps keep the artery open. It lowers the risk of the artery narrowing again. Some stents are coated with a medication that helps keep the arteries open. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This is open-heart surgery. A surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body to create a new path for blood in the heart. The blood then goes around the blocked or narrowed coronary artery. It may be done as an emergency surgery at the time of a heart attack. Sometimes it's done a few days later, after the heart has recovered a bit. Cardiac rehabilitation Cardiac rehabilitation is a personalized exercise and education program that teaches ways to improve heart health after heart surgery. It focuses on exercise, a heart-healthy diet, stress management and a gradual return to usual activities. Most hospitals offer cardiac rehabilitation starting in the hospital. The program typically continues for a few weeks or months after you return home. People who attend cardiac rehab after a heart attack generally live longer and are less likely to have another heart attack or complications from the heart attack. If cardiac rehab is not recommended during your hospital stay, ask your provider about it. More Information Clinical trials Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition. Self care To improve heart health, take the following steps: Exercise. Regular exercise helps improve heart health. As a general goal, aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity five or more days a week. If you've had a heart attack or heart surgery, you may have activity restrictions. Ask your health care provider what's best for you. Eat a heart-healthy diet. Avoid or limit foods with a lot of saturated fat, trans fats, salt and sugar. Choose whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, such as fish and beans. Maintain a healthy weight. Too much weight strains the heart. Being overweight increases the risk of high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes. Don't smoke. Quitting smoking is the most important thing you can do to improve heart health. Also, avoid being around secondhand smoke. If you need to quit, ask your provider for help. Ask your healthcare team about alcohol. If you choose to drink alcohol, limit how often you drink and keep the amount small. That often means less than 1 to 2 drinks a day on any specific day. Get regular health checkups. Some of the major risk factors for a heart attack — high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes — don't cause early symptoms. Manage blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar. Ask your provider how often you need to have your blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol levels checked. Control stress. Find ways to help reduce emotional stress. Getting more exercise, practicing mindfulness and connecting with others in support groups are some ways to ease stress. Get good sleep. Poor sleep may increase the risk of heart disease and other long-term health conditions. Adults should try to get 7 to 9 hours of sleep daily. Coping and support Having a heart attack is scary. Talking about your feelings with your care provider, a family member or a friend might help. Or consider talking to a mental health care provider or joining a support group. Support groups let you connect with others who have been through similar events. If you feel sad, scared or depressed, tell your care provider. Cardiac rehabilitation programs can help prevent or treat depression after a heart attack. Sex after a heart attack Some people worry about having sex after a heart attack. Most people can safely return to sexual activity after recovery. But talk to your care provider first. When you can resume sex may depend on your physical comfort, emotional readiness and previous sexual activity. Some heart medications can affect sexual function. If you're having problems with sexual dysfunction, talk to your care provider. Preparing for your appointment A heart attack usually is diagnosed in an emergency setting. However, if you're concerned about your risk of a heart attack, talk to your care provider. A cardiovascular risk assessment can be done to determine your level of risk. You may be referred to a doctor trained in heart diseases (cardiologist). Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment. What you can do When you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restrict your diet. You might need to avoid food or drink for a while before a cholesterol test, for example. Make a list of: Your symptoms, including any that seem unrelated to heart disease, and when they began Family history of heart problems, including heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes or early heart attacks Important personal information, including recent major stresses or recent life changes All medications, vitamins and other supplements you take, including doses Questions to ask your provider Take a friend or relative along, if possible, to help you remember the information you're given. Some questions to ask your provider about heart attack prevention include: What tests do I need to determine my current heart health? What foods should I eat or avoid? What's an appropriate level of physical activity? How often should I be screened for heart disease? I have other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together? Are there brochures or other printed material that I can have? What websites do you recommend? Don't hesitate to ask other questions. What to expect from your doctor Your health care provider is likely to ask you questions, including: How severe are your symptoms? Are they constant or do they come and go? What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms? If you have chest pain, does it improve with rest? What, if anything, worsens your symptoms? If you have chest pain, does strenuous activity make it worse? Have you been diagnosed with high blood pressure, diabetes or high cholesterol? What you can do in the meantime It's never too early to make healthy lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, eating healthy foods and becoming more active. These are important steps in preventing heart attacks and improving overall health. March 27, 2026 Heart attack: Overview. CardioSmart: American College of Cardiology https://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/heart-attack/overview. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. Reeder GS, et al. Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. What is a heart attack? American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. AskMayoExpert. Cardiac rehabilitation: Indications (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2022. How to be more active. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-lifestyle/lifes-essential-8. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. AskMayoExpert. ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Mayo Clinic; 2023. Libby P, et al., eds. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. In: Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. Ferri FF. Myocardial infarction. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2026. Elsevier; 2026. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. Wilson PWF, et al. Prognosis after myocardial infarction. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): First aid. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. Piano MR, et al. Alcohol use and cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025; doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001341. How to eat better. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-lifestyle/lifes-essential-8. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. Small AM, et al. Lipoprotein(a), C-reactive protein, and cardiovascular risk in primary and secondary prevention populations. JAMA Cardiology. 2024; doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.5605. Zuin M, et al. Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction after COVID-19 recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology; 2023; doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.12.032. Highlights of the 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. American Heart Association. https://cpr.heart.org/en/resuscitation-science/guidelines-updates-and-highlights. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. Gulati M, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2021; doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.053. Blaha MJ, et al. Sexual activity in patients with cardiovascular disease. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. Cutlip D, et al. Revascularization in patients with stable coronary artery disease: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 14, 2026. Coronary artery disease. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350613. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. Pericarditis. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pericarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352510. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Jan. 14, 2026. Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Life's essential 8: Updating and enhancing the American Heart Association's construct of cardiovascular health: A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022; doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001078. AskMayoExpert. Considerations in STEMI management (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2023. Catheter angiography. RadiologyInfo. https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. Zhang P, et al. The impact of the time factors on the exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation outcomes of the patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2024; doi:10.1186/s12872-023-03692-z. Heart attack recovery: Questions and answers. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/heart-attack-recovery-faqs. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. Kaneko H, et al. Age-dependent association between modifiable risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2023; doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.027684. Faridi KF, et al. 10-year and 30-year risks of cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2025; doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.03.546. Metabolic syndrome. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metabolic-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351916. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. Statescu C, et al. A systematic review on the risk modulators of myocardial infarction in the "young" — implications of lipoprotein (a). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; doi:10.3390/ijms24065927. AskMayoExpert. Familial hypercholesterolemia. Mayo Clinic; 2023. Rajendran A, et al. Sex-specific differences in cardiovascular risk factors and implications for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Atherosclerosis. 2023; doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117269. Blood tests for heart disease. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/art-20049357. Accessed Jan. 23, 2026. Heart attack - Diagnosis & treatment - Mayo Clinic More Information Associated Procedures CON-20373087 National Doctors’ Day is March 30! Your gift to celebrate this day advances our doctors’ lifesaving work.
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[Diseases & Conditions](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions) # Heart attack [Request an appointment](https://www.mayoclinic.org/appointments) * - [Symptoms & causes](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/symptoms-causes/syc-20373106) - [Diagnosis & treatment](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373112) - [Doctors & departments](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/doctors-departments/ddc-20373113) ## On this page - [Diagnosis](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373112#diagnosis) - [Treatment](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373112#treatment) - [Self care](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373112#self-care) - [Coping and support](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373112#coping-and-support) - [Preparing for your appointment](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373112#preparing-for-your-appointment) * ## Diagnosis Ideally, a health care provider should screen you during regular checkups for risk factors that can lead to a heart attack. A heart attack is often diagnosed in an emergency setting. If you've had or are having a heart attack, care providers will take immediate steps to treat your condition. If you're able to answer questions, you may be asked about your symptoms and medical history. Diagnosis of a heart attack includes checking blood pressure, pulse and temperature. Tests are done to see how the heart is beating and to check overall heart health. ### Tests Tests to diagnose a heart attack include: - Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This first test done to diagnose a heart attack records electrical signals as they travel through the heart. Sticky patches (electrodes) are attached to the chest and sometimes the arms and legs. Signals are recorded as waves displayed on a monitor or printed on paper. An ECG can show if you are having or have had a heart attack. - Blood tests. Certain heart proteins slowly leak into the blood after heart damage from a heart attack. Blood tests can be done to check for these proteins (cardiac markers). - Chest X-ray. A chest X-ray shows the condition and size of the heart and lungs. - Echocardiogram. Sound waves (ultrasound) create images of the moving heart. This test can show how blood moves through the heart and heart valves. An echocardiogram can help identify whether an area of your heart has been damaged. - Coronary catheterization (angiogram). A long, thin tube (catheter) is inserted into an artery, usually in the leg, and guided to the heart. Dye flows through the catheter to help the arteries show up more clearly on images made during the test. - Cardiac Computerized Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). These tests create images of the heart and chest. Cardiac CT scans use X-rays. Cardiac MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create images of your heart. For both tests, you usually lie on a table that slides inside a long tubelike machine. Each test can be used to diagnose heart problems. They can help show the severity of heart damage. ### More Information Show 1 more - [Cardiac catheterization](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/about/pac-20384695) - [Chest X-rays](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chest-x-rays/about/pac-20393494) - [Coronary angiogram](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/coronary-angiogram/about/pac-20384904) - [Echocardiogram](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/echocardiogram/about/pac-20393856) - [Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ekg/about/pac-20384983) - [Stress test](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/stress-test/about/pac-20385234) Show 1 more * ## Treatment Each minute after a heart attack, more heart tissue is damaged or dies. Urgent treatment is needed to fix blood flow and restore oxygen levels. Oxygen is given immediately. Specific heart attack treatment depends on whether there's a partial or complete blockage of blood flow. ### Medications Medications to treat a heart attack might include: - Aspirin. Aspirin reduces blood clotting. It helps keep blood moving through a narrowed artery. If you called 911 or your local emergency number, you may be told to chew aspirin. Emergency medical providers may give you aspirin immediately. - Clot busters (thrombolytics or fibrinolytics). These drugs help break up any blood clots that are blocking blood flow to the heart. The earlier a thrombolytic drug is given after a heart attack, the less the heart is damaged and the greater the chance of survival. - Other blood-thinning medicines. A medicine called heparin may be given by an intravenous (IV) injection. Heparin makes the blood less sticky and less likely to form clots. - Nitroglycerin. This medication widens the blood vessels. It helps improve blood flow to the heart. Nitroglycerin is used to treat sudden chest pain (angina). It's given as a shot, a pill that goes under the tongue, as a pill to swallow or as a skin patch. - Morphine. This medicine is given to relieve chest pain that doesn't go away with nitroglycerin. - Beta blockers. These medications slow the heartbeat and decrease blood pressure. Beta blockers can limit the amount of heart muscle damage and prevent future heart attacks. They are given to most people who are having a heart attack. - Blood pressure medicines called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. These drugs lower blood pressure and reduce stress on the heart. - Statins. These drugs help lower unhealthy cholesterol levels. Too much bad (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) cholesterol can clog arteries. ### Surgical and other procedures If you've had a heart attack, a surgery or procedure may be done to open a blocked artery. Surgeries and procedures to treat a heart attack include: - Coronary angioplasty and stenting. This procedure is done to open clogged heart arteries. It may also be called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). If you've had a heart attack, this procedure is often done during a procedure to find blockages (cardiac catheterization). During angioplasty, a heart doctor (cardiologist) guides a thin, flexible tube (catheter) to the narrowed part of the heart artery. A tiny balloon is inflated to help widen the blocked artery and improve blood flow. A small wire mesh tube (stent) may be placed in the artery during angioplasty. The stent helps keep the artery open. It lowers the risk of the artery narrowing again. Some stents are coated with a medication that helps keep the arteries open. - Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This is open-heart surgery. A surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body to create a new path for blood in the heart. The blood then goes around the blocked or narrowed coronary artery. It may be done as an emergency surgery at the time of a heart attack. Sometimes it's done a few days later, after the heart has recovered a bit. ### Cardiac rehabilitation Cardiac rehabilitation is a personalized exercise and education program that teaches ways to improve heart health after heart surgery. It focuses on exercise, a heart-healthy diet, stress management and a gradual return to usual activities. Most hospitals offer cardiac rehabilitation starting in the hospital. The program typically continues for a few weeks or months after you return home. People who attend cardiac rehab after a heart attack generally live longer and are less likely to have another heart attack or complications from the heart attack. If cardiac rehab is not recommended during your hospital stay, ask your provider about it. ### More Information Show 3 more - [Calcium supplements: A risk factor for heart attack?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/faq-20058352) - [NSAIDs: Do they increase my risk of heart attack and stroke?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/nsaids-heart-attack-stroke/faq-20147557) - [Silent heart attack](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/silent-heart-attack/faq-20057777) - [Coronary artery bypass surgery](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/coronary-bypass-surgery/about/pac-20384589) - [Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ecmo/about/pac-20484615) - [Flu Shot Prevents Heart Attack](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/multimedia/vid-20078223) - [Heart Attack Timing](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/multimedia/vid-20078240) - [Heart attack](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/multimedia/heart-attack/img-20006160) Show 3 more ## Clinical trials [Explore Mayo Clinic studies](https://www.mayo.edu/research/clinical-trials/search-results?studySiteStatusesGrouped=Open/Status%20Unknown&pocId=CON-20373087) testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition. * ## Self care To improve heart health, take the following steps: - Exercise. Regular exercise helps improve heart health. As a general goal, aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity five or more days a week. If you've had a heart attack or heart surgery, you may have activity restrictions. Ask your health care provider what's best for you. - Eat a heart-healthy diet. Avoid or limit foods with a lot of saturated fat, trans fats, salt and sugar. Choose whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, such as fish and beans. - Maintain a healthy weight. Too much weight strains the heart. Being overweight increases the risk of high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes. - Don't smoke. Quitting smoking is the most important thing you can do to improve heart health. Also, avoid being around secondhand smoke. If you need to quit, ask your provider for help. - Ask your healthcare team about alcohol. If you choose to drink alcohol, limit how often you drink and keep the amount small. That often means less than 1 to 2 drinks a day on any specific day. - Get regular health checkups. Some of the major risk factors for a heart attack — high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes — don't cause early symptoms. - Manage blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar. Ask your provider how often you need to have your blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol levels checked. - Control stress. Find ways to help reduce emotional stress. Getting more exercise, practicing mindfulness and connecting with others in support groups are some ways to ease stress. - Get good sleep. Poor sleep may increase the risk of heart disease and other long-term health conditions. Adults should try to get 7 to 9 hours of sleep daily. * ## Coping and support Having a heart attack is scary. Talking about your feelings with your care provider, a family member or a friend might help. Or consider talking to a mental health care provider or joining a support group. Support groups let you connect with others who have been through similar events. If you feel sad, scared or depressed, tell your care provider. Cardiac rehabilitation programs can help prevent or treat depression after a heart attack. ### Sex after a heart attack Some people worry about having sex after a heart attack. Most people can safely return to sexual activity after recovery. But talk to your care provider first. When you can resume sex may depend on your physical comfort, emotional readiness and previous sexual activity. Some heart medications can affect sexual function. If you're having problems with sexual dysfunction, talk to your care provider. * ## Preparing for your appointment A heart attack usually is diagnosed in an emergency setting. However, if you're concerned about your risk of a heart attack, talk to your care provider. A cardiovascular risk assessment can be done to determine your level of risk. You may be referred to a doctor trained in heart diseases (cardiologist). Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment. ### What you can do When you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restrict your diet. You might need to avoid food or drink for a while before a cholesterol test, for example. Make a list of: - Your symptoms, including any that seem unrelated to heart disease, and when they began - Family history of heart problems, including heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes or early heart attacks - Important personal information, including recent major stresses or recent life changes - All medications, vitamins and other supplements you take, including doses - Questions to ask your provider Take a friend or relative along, if possible, to help you remember the information you're given. Some questions to ask your provider about heart attack prevention include: - What tests do I need to determine my current heart health? - What foods should I eat or avoid? - What's an appropriate level of physical activity? - How often should I be screened for heart disease? - I have other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together? - Are there brochures or other printed material that I can have? What websites do you recommend? Don't hesitate to ask other questions. ### What to expect from your doctor Your health care provider is likely to ask you questions, including: - How severe are your symptoms? - Are they constant or do they come and go? - What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms? - If you have chest pain, does it improve with rest? - What, if anything, worsens your symptoms? - If you have chest pain, does strenuous activity make it worse? - Have you been diagnosed with high blood pressure, diabetes or high cholesterol? ### What you can do in the meantime It's never too early to make healthy lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, eating healthy foods and becoming more active. These are important steps in preventing heart attacks and improving overall health. [Request an appointment](https://www.mayoclinic.org/appointments) * [By Mayo Clinic Staff](https://www.mayoclinic.org/about-this-site/meet-our-medical-editors) March 27, 2026 [Print](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373112?p=1) Show References 1. Heart attack: Overview. CardioSmart: American College of Cardiology https://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/heart-attack/overview. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. 2. Reeder GS, et al. Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. 3. What is a heart attack? American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 4. AskMayoExpert. Cardiac rehabilitation: Indications (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2022. 5. How to be more active. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-lifestyle/lifes-essential-8. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 6. AskMayoExpert. ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Mayo Clinic; 2023. 7. Libby P, et al., eds. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. In: Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 8. Ferri FF. Myocardial infarction. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2026. Elsevier; 2026. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 9. Wilson PWF, et al. Prognosis after myocardial infarction. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 10. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): First aid. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 11. Piano MR, et al. Alcohol use and cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025; doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001341. 12. How to eat better. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-lifestyle/lifes-essential-8. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 13. Small AM, et al. Lipoprotein(a), C-reactive protein, and cardiovascular risk in primary and secondary prevention populations. JAMA Cardiology. 2024; doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.5605. 14. Zuin M, et al. Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction after COVID-19 recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology; 2023; doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.12.032. 15. Highlights of the 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. American Heart Association. https://cpr.heart.org/en/resuscitation-science/guidelines-updates-and-highlights. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. 16. Gulati M, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2021; doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.053. 17. Blaha MJ, et al. Sexual activity in patients with cardiovascular disease. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. 18. Cutlip D, et al. Revascularization in patients with stable coronary artery disease: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 14, 2026. 19. Coronary artery disease. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350613. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 20. Pericarditis. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pericarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352510. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 21. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Jan. 14, 2026. 22. Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Life's essential 8: Updating and enhancing the American Heart Association's construct of cardiovascular health: A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022; doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001078. 23. AskMayoExpert. Considerations in STEMI management (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2023. 24. Catheter angiography. RadiologyInfo. https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 25. Zhang P, et al. The impact of the time factors on the exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation outcomes of the patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2024; doi:10.1186/s12872-023-03692-z. 26. Heart attack recovery: Questions and answers. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/heart-attack-recovery-faqs. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. 27. Kaneko H, et al. Age-dependent association between modifiable risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2023; doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.027684. 28. Faridi KF, et al. 10-year and 30-year risks of cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2025; doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.03.546. 29. Metabolic syndrome. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metabolic-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351916. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. 30. Statescu C, et al. A systematic review on the risk modulators of myocardial infarction in the "young" — implications of lipoprotein (a). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; doi:10.3390/ijms24065927. 31. AskMayoExpert. Familial hypercholesterolemia. Mayo Clinic; 2023. 32. Rajendran A, et al. Sex-specific differences in cardiovascular risk factors and implications for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Atherosclerosis. 2023; doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117269. 33. Blood tests for heart disease. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/art-20049357. Accessed Jan. 23, 2026. - [Symptoms & causes](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/symptoms-causes/syc-20373106) - [Doctors & departments](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/doctors-departments/ddc-20373113) 1. [Diseases & Conditions](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions) 2. Heart attack - Diagnosis & treatment - Mayo Clinic ## News from Mayo Clinic - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) Your wearable says your heart rate variability has changed. Now what? - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) Mayo Clinic Minute: Can injectable weight-loss drugs improve heart health? - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) Mayo Clinic Minute: A cardiologist's tips for a healthy heart - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) Mayo Clinic Q and A: Cardiac arrest vs. heart attacks: Who is at risk? Show 8 more - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) Expert explains how to improve heart health, even if your family has history of heart conditions - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) 'I died twice that day': Country rap superstar Colt Ford on surviving a near-fatal heart attack - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) (VIDEO) Country rap musician Colt Ford shares his personal story of surviving a near-fatal heart attack - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) Springing into action after a sedentary season? Here's how to protect your heart - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) The brain-heart connection: Mayo Clinic expert explains powerful tie that works both ways - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) Mayo Clinic study reveals hidden causes of heart attacks in younger adults, especially women - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) Mayo Clinic Q\&A: Health benefits of counting steps - ![image](https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/story-placeholder-196x196.png) Mayo Clinic Q\&A: Can holiday stress trigger a heart attack? Show 8 more * ## More Information Show 3 more - [Calcium supplements: A risk factor for heart attack?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/faq-20058352) - [Flu Shot Prevents Heart Attack](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/multimedia/vid-20078223) - [Heart attack](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/multimedia/heart-attack/img-20006160) - [Heart attack prevention: Should I avoid secondhand smoke?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/secondhand-smoke/faq-20058082) - [Heart attack symptoms: Know what's a medical emergency](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/in-depth/heart-attack-symptoms/art-20047744) - [Heart Attack Timing](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/multimedia/vid-20078240) - [NSAIDs: Do they increase my risk of heart attack and stroke?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/nsaids-heart-attack-stroke/faq-20147557) - [Silent heart attack](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/silent-heart-attack/faq-20057777) Show 3 more * ## Associated Procedures Show 3 more - [Cardiac catheterization](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/about/pac-20384695) - [Chest X-rays](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chest-x-rays/about/pac-20393494) - [Coronary angiogram](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/coronary-angiogram/about/pac-20384904) - [Coronary artery bypass surgery](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/coronary-bypass-surgery/about/pac-20384589) - [Echocardiogram](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/echocardiogram/about/pac-20393856) - [Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ekg/about/pac-20384983) - [Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ecmo/about/pac-20484615) - [Stress test](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/stress-test/about/pac-20385234) Show 3 more CON-20373087 [Skip Advertisement](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373112#advertising-disclaimer) ## Advertisement Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. 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Readable Markdown	On this page Ideally, a health care provider should screen you during regular checkups for risk factors that can lead to a heart attack. A heart attack is often diagnosed in an emergency setting. If you've had or are having a heart attack, care providers will take immediate steps to treat your condition. If you're able to answer questions, you may be asked about your symptoms and medical history. Diagnosis of a heart attack includes checking blood pressure, pulse and temperature. Tests are done to see how the heart is beating and to check overall heart health. ### Tests Tests to diagnose a heart attack include: - Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This first test done to diagnose a heart attack records electrical signals as they travel through the heart. Sticky patches (electrodes) are attached to the chest and sometimes the arms and legs. Signals are recorded as waves displayed on a monitor or printed on paper. An ECG can show if you are having or have had a heart attack. - Blood tests. Certain heart proteins slowly leak into the blood after heart damage from a heart attack. Blood tests can be done to check for these proteins (cardiac markers). - Chest X-ray. A chest X-ray shows the condition and size of the heart and lungs. - Echocardiogram. Sound waves (ultrasound) create images of the moving heart. This test can show how blood moves through the heart and heart valves. An echocardiogram can help identify whether an area of your heart has been damaged. - Coronary catheterization (angiogram). A long, thin tube (catheter) is inserted into an artery, usually in the leg, and guided to the heart. Dye flows through the catheter to help the arteries show up more clearly on images made during the test. - Cardiac Computerized Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). These tests create images of the heart and chest. Cardiac CT scans use X-rays. Cardiac MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create images of your heart. For both tests, you usually lie on a table that slides inside a long tubelike machine. Each test can be used to diagnose heart problems. They can help show the severity of heart damage. More Information Treatment Each minute after a heart attack, more heart tissue is damaged or dies. Urgent treatment is needed to fix blood flow and restore oxygen levels. Oxygen is given immediately. Specific heart attack treatment depends on whether there's a partial or complete blockage of blood flow. ### Medications Medications to treat a heart attack might include: - Aspirin. Aspirin reduces blood clotting. It helps keep blood moving through a narrowed artery. If you called 911 or your local emergency number, you may be told to chew aspirin. Emergency medical providers may give you aspirin immediately. - Clot busters (thrombolytics or fibrinolytics). These drugs help break up any blood clots that are blocking blood flow to the heart. The earlier a thrombolytic drug is given after a heart attack, the less the heart is damaged and the greater the chance of survival. - Other blood-thinning medicines. A medicine called heparin may be given by an intravenous (IV) injection. Heparin makes the blood less sticky and less likely to form clots. - Nitroglycerin. This medication widens the blood vessels. It helps improve blood flow to the heart. Nitroglycerin is used to treat sudden chest pain (angina). It's given as a shot, a pill that goes under the tongue, as a pill to swallow or as a skin patch. - Morphine. This medicine is given to relieve chest pain that doesn't go away with nitroglycerin. - Beta blockers. These medications slow the heartbeat and decrease blood pressure. Beta blockers can limit the amount of heart muscle damage and prevent future heart attacks. They are given to most people who are having a heart attack. - Blood pressure medicines called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. These drugs lower blood pressure and reduce stress on the heart. - Statins. These drugs help lower unhealthy cholesterol levels. Too much bad (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) cholesterol can clog arteries. ### Surgical and other procedures If you've had a heart attack, a surgery or procedure may be done to open a blocked artery. Surgeries and procedures to treat a heart attack include: - Coronary angioplasty and stenting. This procedure is done to open clogged heart arteries. It may also be called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). If you've had a heart attack, this procedure is often done during a procedure to find blockages (cardiac catheterization). During angioplasty, a heart doctor (cardiologist) guides a thin, flexible tube (catheter) to the narrowed part of the heart artery. A tiny balloon is inflated to help widen the blocked artery and improve blood flow. A small wire mesh tube (stent) may be placed in the artery during angioplasty. The stent helps keep the artery open. It lowers the risk of the artery narrowing again. Some stents are coated with a medication that helps keep the arteries open. - Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This is open-heart surgery. A surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body to create a new path for blood in the heart. The blood then goes around the blocked or narrowed coronary artery. It may be done as an emergency surgery at the time of a heart attack. Sometimes it's done a few days later, after the heart has recovered a bit. ### Cardiac rehabilitation Cardiac rehabilitation is a personalized exercise and education program that teaches ways to improve heart health after heart surgery. It focuses on exercise, a heart-healthy diet, stress management and a gradual return to usual activities. Most hospitals offer cardiac rehabilitation starting in the hospital. The program typically continues for a few weeks or months after you return home. People who attend cardiac rehab after a heart attack generally live longer and are less likely to have another heart attack or complications from the heart attack. If cardiac rehab is not recommended during your hospital stay, ask your provider about it. More Information Clinical trials [Explore Mayo Clinic studies](https://www.mayo.edu/research/clinical-trials/search-results?studySiteStatusesGrouped=Open/Status%20Unknown&pocId=CON-20373087) testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition. Self care To improve heart health, take the following steps: - Exercise. Regular exercise helps improve heart health. As a general goal, aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity five or more days a week. If you've had a heart attack or heart surgery, you may have activity restrictions. Ask your health care provider what's best for you. - Eat a heart-healthy diet. Avoid or limit foods with a lot of saturated fat, trans fats, salt and sugar. Choose whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, such as fish and beans. - Maintain a healthy weight. Too much weight strains the heart. Being overweight increases the risk of high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes. - Don't smoke. Quitting smoking is the most important thing you can do to improve heart health. Also, avoid being around secondhand smoke. If you need to quit, ask your provider for help. - Ask your healthcare team about alcohol. If you choose to drink alcohol, limit how often you drink and keep the amount small. That often means less than 1 to 2 drinks a day on any specific day. - Get regular health checkups. Some of the major risk factors for a heart attack — high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes — don't cause early symptoms. - Manage blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar. Ask your provider how often you need to have your blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol levels checked. - Control stress. Find ways to help reduce emotional stress. Getting more exercise, practicing mindfulness and connecting with others in support groups are some ways to ease stress. - Get good sleep. Poor sleep may increase the risk of heart disease and other long-term health conditions. Adults should try to get 7 to 9 hours of sleep daily. Coping and support Having a heart attack is scary. Talking about your feelings with your care provider, a family member or a friend might help. Or consider talking to a mental health care provider or joining a support group. Support groups let you connect with others who have been through similar events. If you feel sad, scared or depressed, tell your care provider. Cardiac rehabilitation programs can help prevent or treat depression after a heart attack. ### Sex after a heart attack Some people worry about having sex after a heart attack. Most people can safely return to sexual activity after recovery. But talk to your care provider first. When you can resume sex may depend on your physical comfort, emotional readiness and previous sexual activity. Some heart medications can affect sexual function. If you're having problems with sexual dysfunction, talk to your care provider. Preparing for your appointment A heart attack usually is diagnosed in an emergency setting. However, if you're concerned about your risk of a heart attack, talk to your care provider. A cardiovascular risk assessment can be done to determine your level of risk. You may be referred to a doctor trained in heart diseases (cardiologist). Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment. ### What you can do When you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restrict your diet. You might need to avoid food or drink for a while before a cholesterol test, for example. Make a list of: - Your symptoms, including any that seem unrelated to heart disease, and when they began - Family history of heart problems, including heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes or early heart attacks - Important personal information, including recent major stresses or recent life changes - All medications, vitamins and other supplements you take, including doses - Questions to ask your provider Take a friend or relative along, if possible, to help you remember the information you're given. Some questions to ask your provider about heart attack prevention include: - What tests do I need to determine my current heart health? - What foods should I eat or avoid? - What's an appropriate level of physical activity? - How often should I be screened for heart disease? - I have other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together? - Are there brochures or other printed material that I can have? What websites do you recommend? Don't hesitate to ask other questions. ### What to expect from your doctor Your health care provider is likely to ask you questions, including: - How severe are your symptoms? - Are they constant or do they come and go? - What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms? - If you have chest pain, does it improve with rest? - What, if anything, worsens your symptoms? - If you have chest pain, does strenuous activity make it worse? - Have you been diagnosed with high blood pressure, diabetes or high cholesterol? ### What you can do in the meantime It's never too early to make healthy lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, eating healthy foods and becoming more active. These are important steps in preventing heart attacks and improving overall health. March 27, 2026 1. Heart attack: Overview. CardioSmart: American College of Cardiology https://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/heart-attack/overview. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. 2. Reeder GS, et al. 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Prognosis after myocardial infarction. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 10. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): First aid. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 11. Piano MR, et al. Alcohol use and cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025; doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001341. 12. How to eat better. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-lifestyle/lifes-essential-8. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 13. Small AM, et al. Lipoprotein(a), C-reactive protein, and cardiovascular risk in primary and secondary prevention populations. JAMA Cardiology. 2024; doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.5605. 14. Zuin M, et al. Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction after COVID-19 recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology; 2023; doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.12.032. 15. Highlights of the 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. American Heart Association. https://cpr.heart.org/en/resuscitation-science/guidelines-updates-and-highlights. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. 16. Gulati M, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2021; doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.053. 17. Blaha MJ, et al. Sexual activity in patients with cardiovascular disease. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. 18. Cutlip D, et al. Revascularization in patients with stable coronary artery disease: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 14, 2026. 19. Coronary artery disease. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350613. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 20. Pericarditis. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pericarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352510. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 21. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Jan. 14, 2026. 22. Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Life's essential 8: Updating and enhancing the American Heart Association's construct of cardiovascular health: A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022; doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001078. 23. AskMayoExpert. Considerations in STEMI management (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2023. 24. Catheter angiography. RadiologyInfo. https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath. Accessed Dec. 30, 2025. 25. Zhang P, et al. The impact of the time factors on the exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation outcomes of the patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2024; doi:10.1186/s12872-023-03692-z. 26. Heart attack recovery: Questions and answers. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/heart-attack-recovery-faqs. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. 27. Kaneko H, et al. Age-dependent association between modifiable risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2023; doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.027684. 28. Faridi KF, et al. 10-year and 30-year risks of cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2025; doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.03.546. 29. Metabolic syndrome. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metabolic-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351916. Accessed Dec. 29, 2025. 30. Statescu C, et al. A systematic review on the risk modulators of myocardial infarction in the "young" — implications of lipoprotein (a). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; doi:10.3390/ijms24065927. 31. AskMayoExpert. Familial hypercholesterolemia. Mayo Clinic; 2023. 32. Rajendran A, et al. Sex-specific differences in cardiovascular risk factors and implications for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Atherosclerosis. 2023; doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117269. 33. Blood tests for heart disease. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/art-20049357. Accessed Jan. 23, 2026. 1. 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