🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 40 (from laksa182)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa040.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/in-depth\/ssris\/art-20044825","crawl_time":1775015150,"first_indexed_time":1464685652,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,mayoclinic!www,\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/in-depth\/ssris\/art-20044825 s443","src_root_hash":"1608882045018104440","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - Mayo Clinic","meta_descriptions":["These antidepressants can ease depression symptoms. They typically cause fewer side effects than other antidepressants do. SSRIs also are used for anxiety."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Different people may react differently to the same antidepressant. For example, one medicine may work better — or not as well — for you than for another person. Or you may have more, or fewer, side effects from taking a specific antidepressant than someone else does.\nTraits passed down in your family play a role in how antidepressants affect you. If a relative responded well to a particular antidepressant, tell your healthcare professional. This may be a good medicine for you to try first.\nIn some cases, results of special blood tests, where available, may offer clues about how your body may respond to a particular antidepressant. But other factors can affect your response to medicine. For example, people with a history of bipolar disorder typically aren't given SSRIs for depression. That's because SSRIs may worsen their symptoms.\nWhen choosing an antidepressant, your healthcare professional considers your symptoms, any health conditions you may have, other medicines you take and what has worked for you in the past.\nIt may take several weeks or more before an antidepressant is fully effective and for early side effects to ease up. Your healthcare professional may recommend some dose changes or different antidepressants. With patience, you and your healthcare professional can find a medicine that works well for you.","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/in-depth\/ssris\/art-20044825#main-content)\n\n[![Mayo Clinic Home Page](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/mayoclinic\/images\/logos\/mayo-clinic-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/)\n\n[![Mayo Clinic Home Page](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/mayoclinic\/images\/logos\/mayo-clinic-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/)\n\n- [Request appointment](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/appointments)\n- [Log in](https:\/\/onlineservices.mayoclinic.org\/content\/staticpatient\/showpage\/patientonline)\n- Search\n- Menu\n  \n  [Request appointment](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/appointments)\n  \n  [Donate](https:\/\/give.mayoclinic.org\/give\/609586\/#!\/donation\/checkout)\n  \n  [Diseases & conditions](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions)\n  \n  [Find a doctor](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/appointments\/find-a-doctor)\n  \n  - Care at Mayo Clinic\n    [Patient-Centered Care](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/patient-centered-care)\n    \n    [About Mayo Clinic](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/about-mayo-clinic)\n    \n    [Request Appointment](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/appointments)\n    \n    [Find a Doctor](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/appointments\/find-a-doctor)\n    \n    [Locations](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/locations)\n    \n    [Clinical Trials](https:\/\/www.mayo.edu\/research\/clinical-trials)\n    \n    [Connect to Support Groups](https:\/\/connect.mayoclinic.org\/)\n    \n    [Patient & Visitor Guide](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/patient-visitor-guide)\n    \n    [Billing & Insurance](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/billing-insurance)\n    \n    [Departments & Centers](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/departments-centers)\n    \n    [International Services](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/international)\n    \n    [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/about-mayo-clinic\/contact)\n    \n    [Patient & Visitor Guide](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/patient-visitor-guide)\n    \n    ![](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/global\/images\/2023\/06\/26\/pt-visitor-Getty-1419492732-415x275.jpg)\n  - 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Research & Education at Mayo Clinic\n    ## Research\n    [Research at Mayo Clinic](https:\/\/www.mayo.edu\/research)\n    \n    [Research Faculty](https:\/\/www.mayo.edu\/research\/faculty)\n    \n    [Laboratories](https:\/\/www.mayo.edu\/research\/labs)\n    \n    [Core Facilities](https:\/\/www.mayo.edu\/research\/core-facilities\/overview)\n    \n    [Centers & Programs](https:\/\/www.mayo.edu\/research\/centers-programs)\n    \n    [Departments & Divisions](https:\/\/www.mayo.edu\/research\/departments-divisions)\n    \n    [Clinical Trials](https:\/\/www.mayo.edu\/research\/clinical-trials)\n    \n    [Institutional Review Board](https:\/\/www.mayo.edu\/research\/institutional-review-board\/overview)\n    \n    [Postdoctoral Fellowships](https:\/\/jobs.mayoclinic.org\/search-jobs\/postdoctoral%20fellowships\/33647\/1)\n    \n    [Training Grant Programs](https:\/\/www.mayo.edu\/research\/training-grant-programs)\n    \n    ## Education\n    [Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science](https:\/\/college.mayo.edu\/)\n    \n    [Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences](https:\/\/college.mayo.edu\/academics\/biomedical-research-training\/)\n    \n    [Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine](https:\/\/college.mayo.edu\/academics\/mayo-clinic-alix-school-of-medicine\/)\n    \n    [Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education](https:\/\/college.mayo.edu\/academics\/residencies-and-fellowships\/)\n    \n    [Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences](https:\/\/college.mayo.edu\/academics\/health-sciences-education\/)\n    \n    [Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development](https:\/\/ce.mayo.edu\/)\n    \n    [Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science](https:\/\/college.mayo.edu\/)\n    \n    ![](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/global\/images\/2023\/06\/26\/mccms-Getty-1082003662-415x275.jpg)\n  - Giving to Mayo Clinic\n    [Give Now](https:\/\/give.mayoclinic.org\/campaign\/740556\/donate)\n    \n    [Giving to Mayo Clinic](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/giving-to-mayo-clinic)\n    \n    [Frequently Asked Questions](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/giving-to-mayo-clinic\/contact-us\/frequently-asked-questions)\n    \n    [Contact Us to Give](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/giving-to-mayo-clinic\/contact-us)\n    \n    [Make a Donation](https:\/\/give.mayoclinic.org\/campaign\/740556\/donate)\n    \n    ![](https:\/\/assets.mayoclinic.org\/content\/dam\/media\/global\/images\/2023\/10\/23\/giving-to-mayo-em100063715-p-195580295-415x275.png)\n\nSearch for a disease or condition . Type 3 or more letters to display suggested search options.\n\nWhen results are available, use up and down arrow keys to navigate. Press space key to fill the input with the suggestion or enter key to search with the suggestion.Search by keyword or phrase\n\nSearch\n\n[Home](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/)\n\n1. [Home](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/)\n2. [Diseases and Conditions](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions)\n3. [Depression (major depressive disorder)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20356007)\n4. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)\n\n# Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)\nThis commonly prescribed type of antidepressant can help you overcome depression. Discover how SSRIs improve mood and what side effects they may cause.\n\n[By Mayo Clinic Staff](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/about-this-site\/meet-our-medical-editors)\n\nSept. 11, 2024\n\nSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, also called SSRIs, are the type of antidepressant prescribed most often. They can ease symptoms of moderate to severe depression. They are relatively safe, and they typically cause fewer side effects than other types of antidepressants do.\n\n## How SSRIs work\nSerotonin is one of many chemical messengers in the brain called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters carry signals between nerve cells in the brain, called neurons.\n\nAfter carrying a signal between brain cells, serotonin usually is taken back into those cells, a process called reuptake. But SSRIs block this process. Blocking reuptake makes more serotonin available to help pass messages between brain cells. SSRIs are called selective because they mainly affect serotonin, not other neurotransmitters.\n\nSSRIs may be used to treat conditions other than depression, such as anxiety disorders.\n\n## SSRIs approved to treat depression\nThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these SSRIs to treat depression:\n\n- Citalopram (Celexa).\n- Escitalopram (Lexapro).\n- Fluoxetine (Prozac).\n- Paroxetine (Paxil).\n- Sertraline (Zoloft).\n\n## Possible side effects and cautions\nAll SSRIs are thought to work in much the same way. They generally can cause many of the same side effects. But some people have no side effects. Many side effects may go away after the first few weeks of treatment. Some side effects may lead you and your healthcare professional to try a different medicine.\n\nIf one SSRI doesn't work well for you, a different one may work better. This is because SSRIs differ in how well they block serotonin reuptake and in how quickly they break down and are cleared from the body.\n\nPossible side effects of SSRIs may include:\n\n- Upset stomach, vomiting or diarrhea.\n- Sweating.\n- Headache.\n- Sleepiness or trouble sleeping.\n- Dry mouth.\n- Nervousness, anxiety or restlessness.\n- Shakiness.\n- Sexual problems, such as lessened sexual desire, trouble reaching orgasm or trouble getting and keeping an erection.\n- Changes in appetite, leading to weight loss or weight gain.\n\nTaking your medicine with food may lessen the risk of an upset stomach. Also, so long as your medicine doesn't keep you from sleeping, taking it at bedtime may lessen an upset stomach.\n\nThe antidepressant that is best for you depends on several factors, such as your symptoms and any other health conditions you may have. Ask your healthcare professional and pharmacist about the side effects that are most common for the SSRI prescribed for you. Also read the patient medicine guide that comes with the prescription.\n\n## Safety issues\nSSRIs are generally safe for most people. But some can cause safety issues. For example, citalopram can cause dangerous irregular heart rhythms if the dose is too high. The FDA and the manufacturer recommend that the dose should be no more than 40 milligrams (mg) a day, but no more than 20 mg of citalopram a day for people over age 60.\n\nBefore you take an SSRI, talk with your healthcare professional about:\n\n- **Interactions with other medicines and supplements.** When taking an antidepressant, tell your healthcare professional about any other prescription or nonprescription medicines, herbs, or other supplements you're taking. Some antidepressants can interfere with the effectiveness of other medicines. Some antidepressants can cause dangerous reactions when combined with certain medicines or herbal supplements.\n  For example, SSRIs may raise your risk of bleeding. The risk is higher when you also take other medicines that raise the risk of bleeding, for example, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, such as aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), or warfarin (Jantoven) and other blood thinners.\n- **Serotonin syndrome.** Rarely, an antidepressant can cause high levels of serotonin to build up in your body. Serotonin syndrome most often occurs when two medicines that raise the level of serotonin are combined. These include, for example, other antidepressants, some pain or headache medicines, and the herbal supplement St. John's wort.\n  Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include anxiety, being nervous or jittery, high fever, sweating, confusion, shaking, restlessness, lack of coordination, major changes in blood pressure, and a fast heartbeat. Get medical help right away if you have any of these symptoms.\n- **Antidepressants and pregnancy.** Talk to your healthcare professional about the risks and benefits of using specific antidepressants. Some antidepressants may harm your baby if you take them during pregnancy or while you're breastfeeding. If you're taking an antidepressant and you're thinking about getting pregnant, talk with your healthcare professional about the possible risks. Don't stop taking your medicine without talking with your healthcare professional first, as stopping puts you at risk.\n\n## Suicide risk and antidepressants\nMost antidepressants are generally safe. But the FDA requires that all antidepressants carry boxed warnings, the strictest warnings for prescriptions. In some cases, children, teenagers and young adults under 25 may have an increase in suicidal thoughts or behavior when taking antidepressants. This may be more likely in the first few weeks after starting or when the dose is changed.\n\nAnyone taking an antidepressant should be watched closely for worsening depression or unusual behavior. If you or someone you know has suicidal thoughts when taking an antidepressant, call your healthcare professional right away or get emergency help.\n\nKeep in mind that depression that's not treated is a more concerning risk of suicide. And antidepressants may lessen suicide risk in the long run by improving mood for many people.\n\n## Stopping treatment with SSRIs\nSSRIs aren't habit-forming. However, stopping antidepressant treatment suddenly or missing several doses can cause withdrawal-like symptoms. This is sometimes called discontinuation syndrome. Work with your healthcare professional to slowly and safely lower your dose.\n\nWithdrawal-like symptoms can include:\n\n- Restlessness and anxiety.\n- Nausea.\n- Dizziness.\n- Feeling sluggish or sleepy.\n- Flu-like symptoms, such as chills, sweating and muscle aches.\n\n## Finding the right antidepressant\nDifferent people may react differently to the same antidepressant. For example, one medicine may work better — or not as well — for you than for another person. Or you may have more, or fewer, side effects from taking a specific antidepressant than someone else does.\n\nTraits passed down in your family play a role in how antidepressants affect you. If a relative responded well to a particular antidepressant, tell your healthcare professional. This may be a good medicine for you to try first.\n\nIn some cases, results of special blood tests, where available, may offer clues about how your body may respond to a particular antidepressant. But other factors can affect your response to medicine. For example, people with a history of bipolar disorder typically aren't given SSRIs for depression. That's because SSRIs may worsen their symptoms.\n\nWhen choosing an antidepressant, your healthcare professional considers your symptoms, any health conditions you may have, other medicines you take and what has worked for you in the past.\n\nIt may take several weeks or more before an antidepressant is fully effective and for early side effects to ease up. Your healthcare professional may recommend some dose changes or different antidepressants. With patience, you and your healthcare professional can find a medicine that works well for you.\n\nShow references\n\n1. Depression medicines. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/womens-health-topics\/depression-medicines. Accessed July 29, 2024.\n2. Depression. National Institute of Mental Health. https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/depression. Accessed July 29, 2024.\n3. Mental health medications. National Institute of Mental Health. https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/mental-health-medications\\#part\\_2364. Accessed July 29, 2024.\n4. Sreeja V, et al. Pharmacogenetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): A serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT)-based approach. Neurochemistry International. 2024; doi:10.1016\/j.nerint.2023.105672.\n5. Henssler J, et al. Incidence of antidepressant discontinuation symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2024; doi:10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00133-0.\n6. Medicine for depression: SSRIs. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. https:\/\/www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov\/MentalHealth\/Depression\/Treatment\/142,HW29716\\_VA. Accessed July 30, 2024.\n7. Horowitz MA, et al. Tapering of SSRI treatment to mitigate withdrawal. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019; doi:10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30032-X.\n8. Ritter JM, et al. Antidepressant drugs. In: Rang and Dale's Pharmacology. 10th ed. Elsevier; 2024. https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed July 30, 2024.\n9. Hirsch M, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: Pharmacology, administration, and side effects. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search. Accessed July 30, 2024.\n10. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Facts & Comparisons eAnswers. https:\/\/fco.factsandcomparisons.com. Accessed July 31, 2024.\n11. Celexa (prescribing information). AbbVie; 2023. https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4259d9b1-de34-43a4-85a8-41dd214e9177. Accessed July 31, 2024.\n12. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. 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suppurativa?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/expert-answers\/can-zinc-supplements-help-treat-hidradenitis-suppurativa\/faq-20476171)\n- [Care tips for hidradenitis suppurativa wounds](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/care-tips-for-hidradenitis-suppurativa-wounds\/art-20404807)\n- [Celiac disease](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/celiac-disease\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20352220)\n- [Child abuse](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/child-abuse\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20370864)\n- [Chronic traumatic encephalopathy](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20370921)\n- [Cigar smoking](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/nicotine-dependence\/expert-answers\/cigar-smoking\/faq-20057787)\n- [Clinical depression: What does that mean?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/expert-answers\/clinical-depression\/faq-20057770)\n- [Clinical trials for hidradenitis suppurativa](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/expert-answers\/clinical-trials-for-hidradenitis-suppurativa\/faq-20448248)\n- [Coconut oil: Can it cure hypothyroidism?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hypothyroidism\/expert-answers\/coconut-oil-thyroid\/faq-20058244)\n- [Complete blood count (CBC)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/complete-blood-count\/about\/pac-20384919)\n- [Complicated grief](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/complicated-grief\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20360374)\n- [Compulsive sexual behavior](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/compulsive-sexual-behavior\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20360434)\n- [Concussion](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/concussion\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355594)\n- [Concussion in children](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/concussion\/expert-answers\/concussion-in-children\/faq-20058282)\n- [Coping with the emotional ups and downs of psoriatic arthritis](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/psoriatic-arthritis\/in-depth\/coping-with-the-emotional-ups-and-downs-of-psoriatic-arthritis\/art-20272594)\n- [Coping with the stress of hidradenitis suppurativa](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/hidradenitis-suppurativa-coping\/art-20168982)\n- [Coughing more after quitting smoking: What's the deal?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/nicotine-dependence\/expert-answers\/quit-smoking\/faq-20057818)\n- [COVID-19 and your mental health](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/coronavirus\/in-depth\/mental-health-covid-19\/art-20482731)\n- [Creating a hidradenitis suppurativa care team](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/hidradenitis-suppurativa-care-team\/art-20308336)\n- [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20371226)\n- [Cushing syndrome](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/cushing-syndrome\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20351310)\n- [Cyclothymia (cyclothymic disorder)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/cyclothymia\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20371275)\n- [Delirium](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/delirium\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20371386)\n- [Delusional parasitosis](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/mental-illness\/in-depth\/delusional-parasitosis\/art-20044996)\n- [Depression (major depressive disorder)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20356007)\n- [Depression and anxiety: Can I have both?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/expert-answers\/depression-and-anxiety\/faq-20057989)\n- [Depression and anxiety: Exercise eases symptoms](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/in-depth\/depression-and-exercise\/art-20046495)\n- [Depression during pregnancy: You're not alone](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/pregnancy-week-by-week\/in-depth\/depression-during-pregnancy\/art-20237875)\n- [Depression in women: Understanding the gender gap](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/in-depth\/depression\/art-20047725)\n- [Depression: Supporting a family member or friend](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/in-depth\/depression\/art-20045943)\n- [Diabetes and depression: Coping with the two conditions](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/diabetes\/expert-answers\/diabetes-and-depression\/faq-20057904)\n- [Diagnosing Alzheimer's: How Alzheimer's is diagnosed](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/alzheimers-disease\/in-depth\/alzheimers\/art-20048075)\n- [Did the definition of Alzheimer's disease change?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/alzheimers-disease\/expert-answers\/defining-alzheimers-disease\/faq-20436675)\n- [Dissociative disorders](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/dissociative-disorders\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355215)\n- [Drug addiction (substance use disorder)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/drug-addiction\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20365112)\n- [Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/electroconvulsive-therapy\/about\/pac-20393894)\n- [Fibromyalgia](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/fibromyalgia\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20354780)\n- [Hangovers](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hangovers\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20373012)\n- [Hashimoto's disease](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hashimotos-disease\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20351855)\n- [Hidradenitis suppurativa](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20352306)\n- [Hidradenitis suppurativa and biologics: Get the facts](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/biologics-and-hidradenitis-suppurativa\/art-20308338)\n- [Hidradenitis suppurativa and diet: What's recommended?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/expert-answers\/hidradenitis-suppurativa-diet\/faq-20182593)\n- [Hidradenitis suppurativa and sleep: How to get more zzz's](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/hidradenitis-suppurativa-and-sleep-how-to-get-more-zzzs\/art-20475494)\n- [Hidradenitis suppurativa: Tips for weight-loss success](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/hidradenitis-suppurativa-tips-for-weight-loss-success\/art-20473742)\n- [Hidradenitis suppurativa: What is it?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/expert-answers\/what-is-hidradenitis-suppurativa\/faq-20168976)\n- [Hidradenitis suppurativa: When does it appear?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/hidradenitis-suppurativa-appear\/art-20168979)\n- [Hidradenitis suppurativa: Where can I find support?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/expert-answers\/hidradenitis-suppurativa-where-can-i-find-support\/faq-20476173)\n- [Hookah smoking](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/nicotine-dependence\/expert-answers\/hookah\/faq-20057920)\n- [How opioid use disorder occurs](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/prescription-drug-abuse\/in-depth\/how-opioid-addiction-occurs\/art-20360372)\n- [How to tell if a loved one is abusing opioids](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/prescription-drug-abuse\/in-depth\/how-to-tell-if-a-loved-one-is-abusing-opioids\/art-20386038)\n- [Hyperparathyroidism](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hyperparathyroidism\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20356194)\n- [Hypoparathyroidism](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hypoparathyroidism\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355375)\n- [Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hypothyroidism\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20350284)\n- [Hypothyroidism and joint pain?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hypothyroidism\/expert-answers\/hypothyroidism\/faq-20057789)\n- [Hypothyroidism diet](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hypothyroidism\/expert-answers\/hypothyroidism-diet\/faq-20058554)\n- [Hypothyroidism symptoms: Can hypothyroidism cause eye problems?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hypothyroidism\/expert-answers\/hypothyroidism-symptoms\/faq-20058058)\n- [Hypothyroidism: Can calcium supplements interfere with treatment?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hypothyroidism\/expert-answers\/hypothyroidism\/faq-20058536)\n- [Hypothyroidism: Should I take iodine supplements?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hypothyroidism\/expert-answers\/hypothyroidism-iodine\/faq-20057929)\n- [Infographic: Pancreatic Cancer: Minimally Invasive Surgery](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/pancreatic-cancer\/multimedia\/minimally-invasive-pancreatic-cancer-infographic\/ifg-20441211)\n- [Infographic: Pancreatic Cancers-Whipple](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/pancreatic-cancer\/multimedia\/pancreatic-cancers-whipple-infographic\/ifg-20473414)\n- [Insomnia](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/insomnia\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355167)\n- [Insomnia treatment: Cognitive behavioral therapy instead of sleeping pills](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/insomnia\/in-depth\/insomnia-treatment\/art-20046677)\n- [Insomnia: How do I stay asleep?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/insomnia\/expert-answers\/insomnia\/faq-20057824)\n- [Intervention: Help a loved one overcome addiction](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/mental-illness\/in-depth\/intervention\/art-20047451)\n- [Is depression a factor in rheumatoid arthritis?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/rheumatoid-arthritis\/expert-answers\/rheumatoid-arthritis-depression\/faq-20119780)\n- [Kratom for opioid withdrawal: Does it work?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/prescription-drug-abuse\/in-depth\/kratom-opioid-withdrawal\/art-20402170)\n- [Kratom: Unsafe and ineffective](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/prescription-drug-abuse\/in-depth\/kratom\/art-20402171)\n- [Lack of sleep: Can it make you sick?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/insomnia\/expert-answers\/lack-of-sleep\/faq-20057757)\n- [Lecanemab for Alzheimer's disease: An option for you?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/alzheimers-disease\/in-depth\/lecanemab\/art-20548103)\n- [Low blood pressure (hypotension)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/low-blood-pressure\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355465)\n- [Male depression: Understanding the issues](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/in-depth\/male-depression\/art-20046216)\n- [Managing hidradenitis suppurativa: Early treatment is crucial](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/hidradenitis-suppurativa-early-treatment\/art-20168981)\n- [Managing other health risks when you have hidradenitis suppurativa](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/managing-other-health-risks-when-you-have-hidradenitis-suppurativa\/art-20399321)\n- [MAOIs and diet: Is it necessary to restrict tyramine?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/expert-answers\/maois\/faq-20058035)\n- [Marijuana and depression](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/expert-answers\/marijuana-and-depression\/faq-20058060)\n- [Medication overuse headaches](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/medication-overuse-headache\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20377083)\n- [Meditation: A simple, fast way to reduce stress](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/meditation\/in-depth\/meditation\/art-20045858)\n- [Memory loss: When to seek help](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/alzheimers-disease\/in-depth\/memory-loss\/art-20046326)\n- [Mental health providers: Tips on finding one](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/mental-illness\/in-depth\/mental-health-providers\/art-20045530)\n- [Mental health: Overcoming the stigma of mental illness](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/mental-illness\/in-depth\/mental-health\/art-20046477)\n- [Mental health: What's normal, what's not](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/adult-health\/in-depth\/mental-health\/art-20044098)\n- [Mental illness](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/mental-illness\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20374968)\n- [Migraine](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/migraine-headache\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20360201)\n- [Migraine medicines and antidepressants](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/migraine-headache\/expert-answers\/migraine-medications\/faq-20058166)\n- [Migraine treatment: Can antidepressants help?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/migraine-headache\/expert-answers\/migraine-treatment\/faq-20058410)\n- [Migraines and gastrointestinal problems: Is there a link?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/migraine-headache\/expert-answers\/migraines\/faq-20058268)\n- [Migraines: Are they triggered by weather changes?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/migraine-headache\/expert-answers\/migraine-headache\/faq-20058505)\n- [Migraines: Simple steps to head off the pain](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/migraine-headache\/in-depth\/migraines\/art-20047242)\n- [Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/mild-cognitive-impairment\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20354578)\n- [Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/in-depth\/maois\/art-20043992)\n- [Natural remedies for depression: Are they effective?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/expert-answers\/natural-remedies-for-depression\/faq-20058026)\n- [Nervous breakdown: What does it mean?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/expert-answers\/nervous-breakdown\/faq-20057830)\n- [New FDA-approved blood tests for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/alzheimers-disease\/in-depth\/new-blood-tests-alzheimers\/art-20585060)\n- [Nicotine dependence](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/nicotine-dependence\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20351584)\n- [Occipital nerve stimulation: Effective migraine treatment?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/migraine-headache\/expert-answers\/occipital-nerve-stimulation\/faq-20057788)\n- [Ocular migraine: When to seek help](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/migraine-headache\/expert-answers\/ocular-migraine\/faq-20058113)\n- [Opioid stewardship: What is it?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/prescription-drug-abuse\/expert-answers\/opioid-stewardship\/faq-20559908)\n- [Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/oppositional-defiant-disorder\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20375831)\n- [Pain and depression: Is there a link?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/expert-answers\/pain-and-depression\/faq-20057823)\n- [Pancreatic cancer](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/pancreatic-cancer\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355421)\n- [Perimenopause](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/perimenopause\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20354666)\n- [Pituitary tumors and adenomas](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/pituitary-tumors\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20350548)\n- [Polymyalgia rheumatica](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/polymyalgia-rheumatica\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20376539)\n- [Poppy seed tea: Beneficial or dangerous?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/drug-addiction\/expert-answers\/poppy-seed-tea\/faq-20559907)\n- [Premenstrual dysphoric disorder](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/premenstrual-syndrome\/expert-answers\/pmdd\/faq-20058315)\n- [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/premenstrual-syndrome\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20376780)\n- [Prescription drug abuse](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/prescription-drug-abuse\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20376813)\n- [Prescription sleeping pills: What's right for you?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/insomnia\/in-depth\/sleeping-pills\/art-20043959)\n- [Progressive supranuclear palsy](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/progressive-supranuclear-palsy\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355659)\n- [Psychotherapy](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/psychotherapy\/about\/pac-20384616)\n- [Quit-smoking products: Boost your chance of success](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/nicotine-dependence\/in-depth\/quit-smoking-products\/art-20045599)\n- [Quitting smoking: 10 ways to resist tobacco cravings](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/nicotine-dependence\/in-depth\/nicotine-craving\/art-20045454)\n- [Reducing the discomfort of hidradenitis suppurativa: Self-care tips](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/hidradenitis-suppurativa-self-care\/art-20168983)\n- [Restless legs syndrome](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/restless-legs-syndrome\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20377168)\n- [Salt craving: A symptom of Addison's disease?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/addisons-disease\/expert-answers\/salt-craving\/faq-20057988)\n- [Schizoaffective disorder](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/schizoaffective-disorder\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20354504)\n- [Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/seasonal-affective-disorder\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20364651)\n- [Seasonal affective disorder treatment: Choosing a light box](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/seasonal-affective-disorder\/in-depth\/seasonal-affective-disorder-treatment\/art-20048298)\n- [Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/in-depth\/snris\/art-20044970)\n- [Sleep tips: 6 steps to better sleep](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/adult-health\/in-depth\/sleep\/art-20048379)\n- [Smokeless tobacco products](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/nicotine-dependence\/in-depth\/chewing-tobacco\/art-20047428)\n- [Soy: Does it worsen hypothyroidism?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hypothyroidism\/expert-answers\/hyperthyroidism\/faq-20058188)\n- [Staying active with hidradenitis suppurativa](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/hidradenitis-suppurativa-exercise\/art-20182592)\n- [Stress symptoms: Effects on your body and behavior](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/stress-management\/in-depth\/stress-symptoms\/art-20050987)\n- [Suicide grief](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/complicated-grief\/in-depth\/suicide\/art-20044900)\n- [Sundowning: Late-day confusion](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/alzheimers-disease\/expert-answers\/sundowning\/faq-20058511)\n- [Support groups: Make connections, get help](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/stress-management\/in-depth\/support-groups\/art-20044655)\n- [Surgery for hidradenitis suppurativa](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/surgery-and-hidradenitis-suppurativa\/art-20308339)\n- [Symptom Checker](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/symptom-checker\/select-symptom\/itt-20009075)\n- [Tapering off opioids: When and how](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/prescription-drug-abuse\/in-depth\/tapering-off-opioids-when-and-how\/art-20386036)\n- [Thyroid peroxidase antibody test: What is it?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hashimotos-disease\/expert-answers\/thyroid-disease\/faq-20058114)\n- [Tianeptine: Is safe use possible?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/consumer-health\/in-depth\/tianeptine-is-safe-use-possible\/art-20562252)\n- [Tinnitus and antidepressants](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/tinnitus\/expert-answers\/tinnitus-causes\/faq-20057804)\n- [Transcranial magnetic stimulation](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation\/about\/pac-20384625)\n- [Traumatic brain injury](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/traumatic-brain-injury\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20378557)\n- [Treating hidradenitis suppurativa with antibiotics and hormones](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/antibiotics-and-hidradenitis-suppurativa\/art-20308337)\n- [Treating hidradenitis suppurativa: Explore your options](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/hidradenitis-suppurativa\/in-depth\/treating-hidradenitis-suppurativa\/art-20308335)\n- [Treatment-resistant depression](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/in-depth\/treatment-resistant-depression\/art-20044324)\n- [Tricyclic antidepressants and tetracyclic antidepressants](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/in-depth\/antidepressants\/art-20046983)\n- [Understanding the difference between dementia types](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/alzheimers-disease\/expert-answers\/alzheimers-and-dementia-whats-the-difference\/faq-20396861)\n- [Vagus nerve stimulation](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/vagus-nerve-stimulation\/about\/pac-20384565)\n- [Valerian: A safe and effective herbal sleep aid?](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/insomnia\/expert-answers\/valerian\/faq-20057875)\n- [Vascular dementia](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/vascular-dementia\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20378793)\n- [Vitamin B-12 and depression](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/expert-answers\/vitamin-b12-and-depression\/faq-20058077)\n- [Vitamin C and 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Boilerpipe Text	Different people may react differently to the same antidepressant. For example, one medicine may work better — or not as well — for you than for another person. Or you may have more, or fewer, side effects from taking a specific antidepressant than someone else does. Traits passed down in your family play a role in how antidepressants affect you. If a relative responded well to a particular antidepressant, tell your healthcare professional. This may be a good medicine for you to try first. In some cases, results of special blood tests, where available, may offer clues about how your body may respond to a particular antidepressant. But other factors can affect your response to medicine. For example, people with a history of bipolar disorder typically aren't given SSRIs for depression. That's because SSRIs may worsen their symptoms. When choosing an antidepressant, your healthcare professional considers your symptoms, any health conditions you may have, other medicines you take and what has worked for you in the past. It may take several weeks or more before an antidepressant is fully effective and for early side effects to ease up. Your healthcare professional may recommend some dose changes or different antidepressants. With patience, you and your healthcare professional can find a medicine that works well for you.
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Type 3 or more letters to display suggested search options. When results are available, use up and down arrow keys to navigate. Press space key to fill the input with the suggestion or enter key to search with the suggestion.Search by keyword or phrase Search [Home](https://www.mayoclinic.org/) 1. [Home](https://www.mayoclinic.org/) 2. [Diseases and Conditions](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions) 3. [Depression (major depressive disorder)](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007) 4. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) # Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) This commonly prescribed type of antidepressant can help you overcome depression. Discover how SSRIs improve mood and what side effects they may cause. [By Mayo Clinic Staff](https://www.mayoclinic.org/about-this-site/meet-our-medical-editors) Sept. 11, 2024 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, also called SSRIs, are the type of antidepressant prescribed most often. They can ease symptoms of moderate to severe depression. They are relatively safe, and they typically cause fewer side effects than other types of antidepressants do. ## How SSRIs work Serotonin is one of many chemical messengers in the brain called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters carry signals between nerve cells in the brain, called neurons. After carrying a signal between brain cells, serotonin usually is taken back into those cells, a process called reuptake. But SSRIs block this process. Blocking reuptake makes more serotonin available to help pass messages between brain cells. SSRIs are called selective because they mainly affect serotonin, not other neurotransmitters. SSRIs may be used to treat conditions other than depression, such as anxiety disorders. ## SSRIs approved to treat depression The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these SSRIs to treat depression: - Citalopram (Celexa). - Escitalopram (Lexapro). - Fluoxetine (Prozac). - Paroxetine (Paxil). - Sertraline (Zoloft). ## Possible side effects and cautions All SSRIs are thought to work in much the same way. They generally can cause many of the same side effects. But some people have no side effects. Many side effects may go away after the first few weeks of treatment. Some side effects may lead you and your healthcare professional to try a different medicine. If one SSRI doesn't work well for you, a different one may work better. This is because SSRIs differ in how well they block serotonin reuptake and in how quickly they break down and are cleared from the body. Possible side effects of SSRIs may include: - Upset stomach, vomiting or diarrhea. - Sweating. - Headache. - Sleepiness or trouble sleeping. - Dry mouth. - Nervousness, anxiety or restlessness. - Shakiness. - Sexual problems, such as lessened sexual desire, trouble reaching orgasm or trouble getting and keeping an erection. - Changes in appetite, leading to weight loss or weight gain. Taking your medicine with food may lessen the risk of an upset stomach. Also, so long as your medicine doesn't keep you from sleeping, taking it at bedtime may lessen an upset stomach. The antidepressant that is best for you depends on several factors, such as your symptoms and any other health conditions you may have. Ask your healthcare professional and pharmacist about the side effects that are most common for the SSRI prescribed for you. Also read the patient medicine guide that comes with the prescription. ## Safety issues SSRIs are generally safe for most people. But some can cause safety issues. For example, citalopram can cause dangerous irregular heart rhythms if the dose is too high. The FDA and the manufacturer recommend that the dose should be no more than 40 milligrams (mg) a day, but no more than 20 mg of citalopram a day for people over age 60. Before you take an SSRI, talk with your healthcare professional about: - Interactions with other medicines and supplements. When taking an antidepressant, tell your healthcare professional about any other prescription or nonprescription medicines, herbs, or other supplements you're taking. Some antidepressants can interfere with the effectiveness of other medicines. Some antidepressants can cause dangerous reactions when combined with certain medicines or herbal supplements. For example, SSRIs may raise your risk of bleeding. The risk is higher when you also take other medicines that raise the risk of bleeding, for example, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, such as aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), or warfarin (Jantoven) and other blood thinners. - Serotonin syndrome. Rarely, an antidepressant can cause high levels of serotonin to build up in your body. Serotonin syndrome most often occurs when two medicines that raise the level of serotonin are combined. These include, for example, other antidepressants, some pain or headache medicines, and the herbal supplement St. John's wort. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include anxiety, being nervous or jittery, high fever, sweating, confusion, shaking, restlessness, lack of coordination, major changes in blood pressure, and a fast heartbeat. Get medical help right away if you have any of these symptoms. - Antidepressants and pregnancy. Talk to your healthcare professional about the risks and benefits of using specific antidepressants. Some antidepressants may harm your baby if you take them during pregnancy or while you're breastfeeding. If you're taking an antidepressant and you're thinking about getting pregnant, talk with your healthcare professional about the possible risks. Don't stop taking your medicine without talking with your healthcare professional first, as stopping puts you at risk. ## Suicide risk and antidepressants Most antidepressants are generally safe. But the FDA requires that all antidepressants carry boxed warnings, the strictest warnings for prescriptions. In some cases, children, teenagers and young adults under 25 may have an increase in suicidal thoughts or behavior when taking antidepressants. This may be more likely in the first few weeks after starting or when the dose is changed. Anyone taking an antidepressant should be watched closely for worsening depression or unusual behavior. If you or someone you know has suicidal thoughts when taking an antidepressant, call your healthcare professional right away or get emergency help. Keep in mind that depression that's not treated is a more concerning risk of suicide. And antidepressants may lessen suicide risk in the long run by improving mood for many people. ## Stopping treatment with SSRIs SSRIs aren't habit-forming. However, stopping antidepressant treatment suddenly or missing several doses can cause withdrawal-like symptoms. This is sometimes called discontinuation syndrome. Work with your healthcare professional to slowly and safely lower your dose. Withdrawal-like symptoms can include: - Restlessness and anxiety. - Nausea. - Dizziness. - Feeling sluggish or sleepy. - Flu-like symptoms, such as chills, sweating and muscle aches. ## Finding the right antidepressant Different people may react differently to the same antidepressant. For example, one medicine may work better — or not as well — for you than for another person. Or you may have more, or fewer, side effects from taking a specific antidepressant than someone else does. Traits passed down in your family play a role in how antidepressants affect you. If a relative responded well to a particular antidepressant, tell your healthcare professional. This may be a good medicine for you to try first. In some cases, results of special blood tests, where available, may offer clues about how your body may respond to a particular antidepressant. But other factors can affect your response to medicine. For example, people with a history of bipolar disorder typically aren't given SSRIs for depression. That's because SSRIs may worsen their symptoms. When choosing an antidepressant, your healthcare professional considers your symptoms, any health conditions you may have, other medicines you take and what has worked for you in the past. It may take several weeks or more before an antidepressant is fully effective and for early side effects to ease up. Your healthcare professional may recommend some dose changes or different antidepressants. With patience, you and your healthcare professional can find a medicine that works well for you. Show references 1. Depression medicines. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/depression-medicines. Accessed July 29, 2024. 2. Depression. National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression. Accessed July 29, 2024. 3. Mental health medications. National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications\#part\_2364. Accessed July 29, 2024. 4. Sreeja V, et al. Pharmacogenetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): A serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT)-based approach. Neurochemistry International. 2024; doi:10.1016/j.nerint.2023.105672. 5. Henssler J, et al. Incidence of antidepressant discontinuation symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2024; doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(24)00133-0. 6. Medicine for depression: SSRIs. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. https://www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov/MentalHealth/Depression/Treatment/142,HW29716\_VA. Accessed July 30, 2024. 7. Horowitz MA, et al. Tapering of SSRI treatment to mitigate withdrawal. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019; doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30032-X. 8. Ritter JM, et al. Antidepressant drugs. In: Rang and Dale's Pharmacology. 10th ed. Elsevier; 2024. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed July 30, 2024. 9. Hirsch M, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: Pharmacology, administration, and side effects. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed July 30, 2024. 10. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Facts & Comparisons eAnswers. https://fco.factsandcomparisons.com. Accessed July 31, 2024. 11. Celexa (prescribing information). AbbVie; 2023. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4259d9b1-de34-43a4-85a8-41dd214e9177. Accessed July 31, 2024. 12. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Aug. 5, 2024. 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Readable Markdown	Different people may react differently to the same antidepressant. For example, one medicine may work better — or not as well — for you than for another person. Or you may have more, or fewer, side effects from taking a specific antidepressant than someone else does. Traits passed down in your family play a role in how antidepressants affect you. If a relative responded well to a particular antidepressant, tell your healthcare professional. This may be a good medicine for you to try first. In some cases, results of special blood tests, where available, may offer clues about how your body may respond to a particular antidepressant. But other factors can affect your response to medicine. For example, people with a history of bipolar disorder typically aren't given SSRIs for depression. That's because SSRIs may worsen their symptoms. When choosing an antidepressant, your healthcare professional considers your symptoms, any health conditions you may have, other medicines you take and what has worked for you in the past. It may take several weeks or more before an antidepressant is fully effective and for early side effects to ease up. Your healthcare professional may recommend some dose changes or different antidepressants. With patience, you and your healthcare professional can find a medicine that works well for you.
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