🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 178 (from laksa105)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa178.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work/topics/uk-eu-relations\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work/topics/uk-eu-relations\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/our-work\/topics\/uk-eu-relations","crawl_time":1775771636,"first_indexed_time":1732193267,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"uk,org,instituteforgovernment!www,\/our-work\/topics\/uk-eu-relations s443","src_root_hash":"11166983114752011378","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"UK–EU relations | Institute for Government","meta_descriptions":["We provided expert analysis during the UK’s exit from the EU and continue to monitor the consequences of Brexit for UK government."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"28 JAN 2026\nComment\n07 JAN 2026\nComment\n05 JAN 2026\nComment\n19 MAY 2025\nComment\n17 OCT 2019\nExplainer\n27 MAR 2023\nExplainer\n14 JUN 2022\nExplainer\nExplore our Brexit work\nSearch our Brexit publications to find reports, explainers and commentary on all aspects of the UK’s exit from the EU and its post-Brexit future. Read our latest analysis or look back through our archive.\nRead our reports\n15 MAR 2022\nReport\n31 MAY 2021\nReport\n25 MAY 2021\nReport\n23 JUN 2021\nReport\n26 DEC 2020\nExplainer\n15 NOV 2018\nExplainer","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/our-work\/topics\/uk-eu-relations#main-content)\n\n[Sign up to newsletter](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/newsletter)\n\nWorking to make government more effective\n\nOpen search\n\nClose search\n\n## Main navigation\n- [About us](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us)\n  Back\n  \n  ### [About us](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us)\n  - [Mission](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us\/mission)\n    ### [Mission](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us\/mission)\n    - [Vision and values](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us\/mission\/vision-and-values)\n    - [Our work programme in 2026](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us\/mission\/our-work-programme-2026)\n  - 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[Support for academic researchers](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/ifg-academy\/engaging-government\/support-academic-researchers)\n    - [Support for public, private and voluntary sector organisations](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/ifg-academy\/engaging-government\/public-private-and-voluntary-sector)\n\n- [About us](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us)\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/contact-us)\n- [Privacy](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/privacy-policy)\n- [Accessiblility](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/accessibility-policy)\n- [Careers](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us\/careers)\n- [Media centre](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us\/media-centre)\n- [Partner with us](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us\/partnerships)\n\nWorking to make government more effective\n\nSearch\n\nClose search\n\n![European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen receives Sir Keir Starmer in Brussels. They are shaking hands. ](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/banner_desktop\/public\/2024-11\/keir-starmer-ursula-von-der-leyen-2Y8228N.jpg?h=3f987ac9&itok=7ca638DR)\n\n- [Our work](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/our-work)\n- [Topics](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/our-work\/topics)\n- [International relations](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/our-work\/topics\/international-relations)\n# UK–EU relations\nWe provided expert analysis during the UK’s exit from the EU and continue to monitor the consequences of Brexit for UK government.\n\n- [Brexit and government](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/our-work\/topics\/brexit\/government)\n- [Brexit and parliament](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/our-work\/topics\/brexit\/parliament)\n- [Brexit negotiations](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/our-work\/topics\/brexit\/negotiations)\n\nIn the period since the British public voted to leave the EU, we have produced wide-ranging analysis and have been leading media commentators on the progress of the negotiations with the bloc, the government’s preparations for changes to domestic policy, including the passage of legislation, and the impact of Brexit on the civil service.\n\nWe continue to provide analysis of the negotiations over, and impact of, the Northern Ireland protocol as well as how the UK government is managing the opportunities of Brexit.\n\n## Latest analysis\n[See all](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/topic\/brexit)\n\n28 JAN 2026\n\nComment\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/small_card_desktop\/public\/2026-01\/rachel-reeves-investment-summit-2YAGFFF-1504x846.jpg?h=dd1b06b1&itok=-HFkpsne)\n\n### [The UK needs a robust growth strategy and a stronger No.10 to deliver it](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/comment\/growth-policy-strategy-centre)\n\n07 JAN 2026\n\nComment\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/small_card_desktop\/public\/2026-01\/keir-starmer-ursula-von-der-leyen-2Y8228N.jpg?h=d8102449&itok=YZ9OEial)\n\n### [Will Keir Starmer’s ‘EU reset’ deliver in 2026?](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/comment\/keir-starmers-eu-reset-deliver-2026)\n\n05 JAN 2026\n\nComment\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/small_card_desktop\/public\/2026-01\/2SY9F34.jpg?h=0522d3bd&itok=cntx_7Vt)\n\n### [One year on: the impact of Donald Trump on British politics and policy](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/comment\/trump-second-term-uk-politics)\n\n19 MAY 2025\n\nComment\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/small_card_desktop\/public\/2025-05\/keir-starmer-uk-eu-summit-3BCB0W2-1504x846px.jpg?h=7bc80a59&itok=_1HnBqTk)\n\n### [Keir Starmer’s UK-EU reset: bigger but more vague than predicted](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/comment\/keir-starmers-uk-eu-reset)\n\n## Northern Ireland protocol\n[See more of our work on Northern Ireland](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/our-work\/topics\/devolution\/northern-ireland)\n\n17 OCT 2019\n\nExplainer\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium_card_desktop\/public\/2022-12\/port-of-belfast-1504x846px.jpg?itok=eeTnK_mt)\n\n### [Brexit deal: the Northern Ireland protocol](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/explainer\/brexit-northern-ireland-protocol)\n\n27 MAR 2023\n\nExplainer\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium_card_desktop\/public\/2023-02\/eu-flag-union-jack.jpg?h=46e7932f&itok=LD20YI_l)\n\n### [The Windsor Framework](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/explainer\/windsor-framework)\n\n14 JUN 2022\n\nExplainer\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium_card_desktop\/public\/2022-12\/liz-truss-ni-protocol-may-2022-1504x846px.jpg?itok=Guvk81XN)\n\n### [Northern Ireland Protocol Bill](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/explainer\/northern-ireland-protocol-bill)\n\n## Explore our Brexit work\nSearch our Brexit publications to find reports, explainers and commentary on all aspects of the UK’s exit from the EU and its post-Brexit future. Read our latest analysis or look back through our archive.\n\n[Read our reports](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/topic\/brexit)\n\n![Brexit, EU and UK flags concept](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/call_to_action_desktop\/public\/2022-12\/brexit-eu-uk-flag-cracked-1504x846px.jpg?h=a79cea1e&itok=pTQnHZFx)\n\n## Post-Brexit opportunities\n15 MAR 2022\n\nReport\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/small_card_desktop\/public\/2022-11\/british-farmer-1504-846px.jpg?itok=PAZ3E2rr)\n\n### [Agriculture after Brexit](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/publication\/agriculture-after-brexit)\n\n31 MAY 2021\n\nReport\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/small_card_desktop\/public\/IfG_Brexit_pink_orange_web_1.png?itok=HsHfLd3-)\n\n### [Taking back control of regulation](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/publication\/report\/taking-back-control-regulation)\n\n25 MAY 2021\n\nReport\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/small_card_desktop\/public\/brexit-blue-graphic-yellow-twitter_7.png?itok=gMDcB7I9)\n\n### [Taking back control of subsidies](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/publication\/report\/taking-back-control-subsidies)\n\n23 JUN 2021\n\nReport\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/small_card_desktop\/public\/2022-11\/uk-scotland-wales-flags-1504x846px.jpg?itok=fcnRJCau)\n\n### [The UK internal market](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/publication\/report\/uk-internal-market)\n\n## Our latest events\nOnline event\n\n30 March 2022\n\n### [Taking back control of agriculture: can the government deliver a Brexit dividend?](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/event\/taking-back-control-agriculture-brexit)\n09:00 — 09:00\n\nWhat needs to be done to ensure a better future for food, farming and land use in England.\n\nOnline event\n\n12 January 2022\n\n### [Will the Subsidy Control Bill make the UK's new state aid regime a Brexit success?](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/event\/subsidy-control-bill-state-aid-regime-brexit)\n13:00 — 14:00\n\nThe government's Subsidy Control Bill sets out how the UK will replace EU state aid rules, but will this deliver a post-Brexit dividend?\n\nOnline event\n\n10 September 2021\n\n### [The UK border: will supply chain problems get worse?](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/event\/border-supply-chain-problems)\n09:30 — 09:30\n\nFrom disrupted supply chains to a shortage of lorry drivers, Brexit and Covid have combined to cause major problems at the UK border.\n\n## UK-EU deals\n26 DEC 2020\n\nExplainer\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/large_card_desktop\/public\/2022-12\/boris-johnson-signs-brexit-deal-1504x846px.jpg?itok=vqc3ZX1H)\n\n### [UK–EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/explainer\/uk-eu-trade-and-cooperation-agreement)\n\n15 NOV 2018\n\nExplainer\n\n![](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/large_card_desktop\/public\/2022-12\/theresa-may-eu-shaking-hands-1504x846px.jpg?itok=TztQUa_D)\n\n### [Brexit deal: the Withdrawal Agreement](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/explainer\/brexit-deal-withdrawal-agreement)\n\n[Brexit and government We assessed the government’s preparations for EU exit, the end of the transition period and a possible no-deal scenario.](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/our-work\/topics\/brexit\/government)\n\n[Brexit and parliament We provided commentary, analysis and insight into key Brexit votes and legislation.](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/our-work\/topics\/brexit\/parliament)\n\n[Brexit negotiations](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/our-work\/topics\/brexit\/negotiations)\n\n## Our team\n![portrait image of Jill Rutter ](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium_card_desktop\/public\/2024-01\/Jill-1504-846.jpg?h=dd1b06b1&itok=MrgQPmei)\n\n### [Jill Rutter](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/person\/jill-rutter)\nSenior Fellow\n\nFrom the author\n\n### [Keir Starmer’s European reset so far is style over substance](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/comment\/keir-starmer-european-reset)\n\n## Footer menu\n- [About us](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us)\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/contact-us)\n- [Privacy](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/privacy-policy)\n- [Accessiblility](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/accessibility-policy)\n- [Careers](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us\/careers)\n- [Media centre](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us\/media-centre)\n- [Partner with us](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/about-us\/partnerships)\n\n© 2026 Institute for Government \\| Design and development by [Soapbox](https:\/\/soapbox.co.uk\/)\n\nThe Institute is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales No. 6480524 Registered Charity No. 1123926\n\n[Bluesky profile](https:\/\/bsky.app\/profile\/instituteforgovernment.org.uk \"Visit IfG Bluesky profile\")\n\n[LinkedIn profile](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/institute-for-government \"Visit IfG LinkedIn profile\")\n\n[YouTube profile](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/instituteforgov \"Visit IfG YouTube profile\")\n\n[Facebook profile](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/instituteforgov \"Visit IfG Facebook 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Read our latest analysis or look back through our archive.\n\n[Read our reports](https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/topic\/brexit)\n\n15 MAR 2022 Report\n\n31 MAY 2021 Report\n\n25 MAY 2021 Report\n\n23 JUN 2021 Report\n\n26 DEC 2020 Explainer\n\n15 NOV 2018 Explainer","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	28 JAN 2026 Comment 07 JAN 2026 Comment 05 JAN 2026 Comment 19 MAY 2025 Comment 17 OCT 2019 Explainer 27 MAR 2023 Explainer 14 JUN 2022 Explainer Explore our Brexit work Search our Brexit publications to find reports, explainers and commentary on all aspects of the UK’s exit from the EU and its post-Brexit future. Read our latest analysis or look back through our archive. Read our reports 15 MAR 2022 Report 31 MAY 2021 Report 25 MAY 2021 Report 23 JUN 2021 Report 26 DEC 2020 Explainer 15 NOV 2018 Explainer
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They are shaking hands. ](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/banner_desktop/public/2024-11/keir-starmer-ursula-von-der-leyen-2Y8228N.jpg?h=3f987ac9&itok=7ca638DR) - [Our work](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work) - [Topics](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work/topics) - [International relations](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work/topics/international-relations) # UK–EU relations We provided expert analysis during the UK’s exit from the EU and continue to monitor the consequences of Brexit for UK government. - [Brexit and government](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work/topics/brexit/government) - [Brexit and parliament](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work/topics/brexit/parliament) - [Brexit negotiations](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work/topics/brexit/negotiations) In the period since the British public voted to leave the EU, we have produced wide-ranging analysis and have been leading media commentators on the progress of the negotiations with the bloc, the government’s preparations for changes to domestic policy, including the passage of legislation, and the impact of Brexit on the civil service. We continue to provide analysis of the negotiations over, and impact of, the Northern Ireland protocol as well as how the UK government is managing the opportunities of Brexit. ## Latest analysis [See all](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/topic/brexit) 28 JAN 2026 Comment ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/small_card_desktop/public/2026-01/rachel-reeves-investment-summit-2YAGFFF-1504x846.jpg?h=dd1b06b1&itok=-HFkpsne) ### [The UK needs a robust growth strategy and a stronger No.10 to deliver it](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/comment/growth-policy-strategy-centre) 07 JAN 2026 Comment ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/small_card_desktop/public/2026-01/keir-starmer-ursula-von-der-leyen-2Y8228N.jpg?h=d8102449&itok=YZ9OEial) ### [Will Keir Starmer’s ‘EU reset’ deliver in 2026?](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/comment/keir-starmers-eu-reset-deliver-2026) 05 JAN 2026 Comment ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/small_card_desktop/public/2026-01/2SY9F34.jpg?h=0522d3bd&itok=cntx_7Vt) ### [One year on: the impact of Donald Trump on British politics and policy](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/comment/trump-second-term-uk-politics) 19 MAY 2025 Comment ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/small_card_desktop/public/2025-05/keir-starmer-uk-eu-summit-3BCB0W2-1504x846px.jpg?h=7bc80a59&itok=_1HnBqTk) ### [Keir Starmer’s UK-EU reset: bigger but more vague than predicted](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/comment/keir-starmers-uk-eu-reset) ## Northern Ireland protocol [See more of our work on Northern Ireland](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work/topics/devolution/northern-ireland) 17 OCT 2019 Explainer ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/medium_card_desktop/public/2022-12/port-of-belfast-1504x846px.jpg?itok=eeTnK_mt) ### [Brexit deal: the Northern Ireland protocol](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainer/brexit-northern-ireland-protocol) 27 MAR 2023 Explainer ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/medium_card_desktop/public/2023-02/eu-flag-union-jack.jpg?h=46e7932f&itok=LD20YI_l) ### [The Windsor Framework](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainer/windsor-framework) 14 JUN 2022 Explainer ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/medium_card_desktop/public/2022-12/liz-truss-ni-protocol-may-2022-1504x846px.jpg?itok=Guvk81XN) ### [Northern Ireland Protocol Bill](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainer/northern-ireland-protocol-bill) ## Explore our Brexit work Search our Brexit publications to find reports, explainers and commentary on all aspects of the UK’s exit from the EU and its post-Brexit future. Read our latest analysis or look back through our archive. [Read our reports](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/topic/brexit) ![Brexit, EU and UK flags concept](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/call_to_action_desktop/public/2022-12/brexit-eu-uk-flag-cracked-1504x846px.jpg?h=a79cea1e&itok=pTQnHZFx) ## Post-Brexit opportunities 15 MAR 2022 Report ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/small_card_desktop/public/2022-11/british-farmer-1504-846px.jpg?itok=PAZ3E2rr) ### [Agriculture after Brexit](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publication/agriculture-after-brexit) 31 MAY 2021 Report ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/small_card_desktop/public/IfG_Brexit_pink_orange_web_1.png?itok=HsHfLd3-) ### [Taking back control of regulation](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publication/report/taking-back-control-regulation) 25 MAY 2021 Report ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/small_card_desktop/public/brexit-blue-graphic-yellow-twitter_7.png?itok=gMDcB7I9) ### [Taking back control of subsidies](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publication/report/taking-back-control-subsidies) 23 JUN 2021 Report ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/small_card_desktop/public/2022-11/uk-scotland-wales-flags-1504x846px.jpg?itok=fcnRJCau) ### [The UK internal market](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publication/report/uk-internal-market) ## Our latest events Online event 30 March 2022 ### [Taking back control of agriculture: can the government deliver a Brexit dividend?](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/event/taking-back-control-agriculture-brexit) 09:00 — 09:00 What needs to be done to ensure a better future for food, farming and land use in England. Online event 12 January 2022 ### [Will the Subsidy Control Bill make the UK's new state aid regime a Brexit success?](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/event/subsidy-control-bill-state-aid-regime-brexit) 13:00 — 14:00 The government's Subsidy Control Bill sets out how the UK will replace EU state aid rules, but will this deliver a post-Brexit dividend? Online event 10 September 2021 ### [The UK border: will supply chain problems get worse?](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/event/border-supply-chain-problems) 09:30 — 09:30 From disrupted supply chains to a shortage of lorry drivers, Brexit and Covid have combined to cause major problems at the UK border. ## UK-EU deals 26 DEC 2020 Explainer ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/large_card_desktop/public/2022-12/boris-johnson-signs-brexit-deal-1504x846px.jpg?itok=vqc3ZX1H) ### [UK–EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainer/uk-eu-trade-and-cooperation-agreement) 15 NOV 2018 Explainer ![](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/large_card_desktop/public/2022-12/theresa-may-eu-shaking-hands-1504x846px.jpg?itok=TztQUa_D) ### [Brexit deal: the Withdrawal Agreement](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainer/brexit-deal-withdrawal-agreement) [Brexit and government We assessed the government’s preparations for EU exit, the end of the transition period and a possible no-deal scenario.](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work/topics/brexit/government) [Brexit and parliament We provided commentary, analysis and insight into key Brexit votes and legislation.](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work/topics/brexit/parliament) [Brexit negotiations](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work/topics/brexit/negotiations) ## Our team ![portrait image of Jill Rutter ](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/medium_card_desktop/public/2024-01/Jill-1504-846.jpg?h=dd1b06b1&itok=MrgQPmei) ### [Jill Rutter](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/person/jill-rutter) Senior Fellow From the author ### [Keir Starmer’s European reset so far is style over substance](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/comment/keir-starmer-european-reset) ## Footer menu - [About us](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/about-us) - [Contact us](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/contact-us) - [Privacy](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/privacy-policy) - [Accessiblility](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/accessibility-policy) - [Careers](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/about-us/careers) - [Media centre](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/about-us/media-centre) - [Partner with us](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/about-us/partnerships) © 2026 Institute for Government \\| Design and development by [Soapbox](https://soapbox.co.uk/) The Institute is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales No. 6480524 Registered Charity No. 1123926 [Bluesky profile](https://bsky.app/profile/instituteforgovernment.org.uk "Visit IfG Bluesky profile") [LinkedIn profile](https://www.linkedin.com/company/institute-for-government "Visit IfG LinkedIn profile") [YouTube profile](https://www.youtube.com/user/instituteforgov "Visit IfG YouTube profile") [Facebook profile](https://www.facebook.com/instituteforgov "Visit IfG Facebook profile") [Instagram profile](https://instagram.com/instituteforgov "Visit IfG Instagram profile") [Flickr profile](https://www.flickr.com/photos/instituteforgovernment/ "Visit IfG Flickr profile")
Readable Markdown	28 JAN 2026 Comment 07 JAN 2026 Comment 05 JAN 2026 Comment 19 MAY 2025 Comment 17 OCT 2019 Explainer 27 MAR 2023 Explainer 14 JUN 2022 Explainer ## Explore our Brexit work Search our Brexit publications to find reports, explainers and commentary on all aspects of the UK’s exit from the EU and its post-Brexit future. Read our latest analysis or look back through our archive. [Read our reports](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/topic/brexit) 15 MAR 2022 Report 31 MAY 2021 Report 25 MAY 2021 Report 23 JUN 2021 Report 26 DEC 2020 Explainer 15 NOV 2018 Explainer
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