🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 166 (from laksa068)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa166.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained","crawl_time":1772994778,"first_indexed_time":1599353863,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"uk,co,independent!www,\/brexit-explained s443","src_root_hash":"18367740993482969966","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Brexit – explained | The Independent","meta_descriptions":["The latest breaking news, comment and features from The Independent."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Stay up to date with notifications from The Independent\nNotifications can be managed in browser preferences.\nJump to content\nUK Edition\nChange\nNews\nNews\nBulletin\nUK\nUS\nWorld\nGlobal Aid\nUK Politics\nMoney\nBrexit\nHealth\nBusiness\nScience\nSpace\nNews Videos\nPremium\nPremium\nPolitics Explained\nEditorials\nVoices\nLong Reads\nNews Analysis\nToday’s Edition\nSport\nSport\nFootball\nFormula 1\nRugby Union\nCricket\nTennis\nBoxing\nUFC\nHorse Racing\nCycling\nGolf\nSport Videos\nVoices\nVoices\nEditorials\nLetters\nJohn Rentoul\nMary Dejevsky\nAndrew Grice\nSean O’Grady\nCulture\nCulture\nFilm\nTV & Radio\nMusic\nGames\nBooks\nArt\nPhotography\nTheatre & Dance\nCulture Videos\nLifestyle\nLifestyle\nShopping\nBeauty\nFitness & Wellbeing\nTech\nFood & Drink\nFashion\nLove & Sex\nHealth & Families\nRoyal Family\nHome\nMotoring\nElectric Vehicles\nLifestyle Videos\nIndyBest\nIndyBest\nHome & Garden\nGadgets & Tech\nFashion & Beauty\nDeals\nFood & Drink\nKids\nBooks\nTravel & Outdoors\nSports & Fitness\nTravel\nTravel\nHotel Reviews\nNews & Advice\nSimon Calder\nCruises\nUK\nEurope\nUSA\nAsia\nAustralia & New Zealand\nSouth America\nC. America & Caribbean\nMiddle East\nMore\nDeals\nTravel Deals\nFashion Deals\nHome & Garden Deals\nTech Deals\nClimate\nNews\nClimate 100\nElectric Vehicles\nVoices\nSustainable Living\nExplained\nClimate Videos\nSolar Panels\nTV\nACFC\nWell Enough\nWorld of Trouble\nTravel Smart\nDrive Smart\nMoney Smart\nMusic Box\nDecomplicated\nOn The Ground\nIndy100\nToday’s Edition\nCrosswords & Puzzles\nMost Commented\nNewsletters\nAsk Me Anything\nVirtual Events\nBetting Sites\nCasino Sites\nThank you for registering\nPlease refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in\nPlease refresh your browser to be logged in\nThank you for registering\nPlease refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in\nPlease refresh your browser to be logged in","attrs_markdown":"## Stay up to date with notifications from The Independent\nNotifications can be managed in browser preferences.\n\nNot now\n\nYes please\n\n[Jump to content](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained#main-content)\n\nUK EditionChange\n\n[US Edition](https:\/\/www.the-independent.com\/?editionSwitcherSource=independent.co.uk)\n\n[Asia Edition](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia?editionSwitcherSource=independent.co.uk)\n\n[Edición en Español](https:\/\/www.independentespanol.com\/?editionSwitcherSource=independent.co.uk)\n\n[Sign up to our newsletters](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/newsletters)[Subscribe now](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/subscribe?itm_channel=native&itm_campaign=top_right_subscribe&regSourceMethod=Nav%20subscribe%20CTA)\n\n[Log in \/ Register](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/login?regSourceMethod=Nav+register+CTA)\n\n[Independent](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/)\n\n- [Podcasts](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/podcasts?itm_channel=native&itm_campaign=nov_nav_bar&itm_content=podcasts_button)\n- [Newsletters](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/newsletters?itm_channel=native&itm_campaign=nov_nav_bar&itm_content=newsletters_button)\n\n[Subscribe](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/subscribe?itm_channel=native&itm_campaign=top_right_subscribe)\n\nMenu\n\n- News\n  [News](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/)\n  - 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explained\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/04\/19\/13\/Farage.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/european-local-elections-brexit-party-farage-change-uk-a8876236.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What will local and European elections tell us about Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/european-local-elections-brexit-party-farage-change-uk-a8876236.html)\nPremium\n\n[![The 3.9 million Bame working people in the UK are more than twice as likely to be on agency contracts as white workers](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/04\/12\/10\/warehouse.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-bounce-economy-trade-deal-uk-eu-a8882181.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Could a ‘Brexit bounce’ rescue our struggling economy?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-bounce-economy-trade-deal-uk-eu-a8882181.html)\nPremium\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/04\/19\/16\/Queen's-Speech-2017.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-queens-speech-delay-theresa-may-eu-withdrawal-deal-a8878286.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Will the Queen’s Speech be delayed and what would that mean for May?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-queens-speech-delay-theresa-may-eu-withdrawal-deal-a8878286.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Picture:](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/04\/04\/16\/passport.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-eu-travel-holidays-passports-a8880101.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Should I beware of EU Brexit deadlines when I book my holiday?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-eu-travel-holidays-passports-a8880101.html)\nPremium\n\n[![MEPs voted overwhelmingly against the notion that Theresa May and her ministers had done enough](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2017\/10\/03\/12\/european-parliament-chamber.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/european-elections-uk-brexit-party-remain-labour-farage-corbyn-a8876206.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Why are anti-Brexit parties not working together in EU elections?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/european-elections-uk-brexit-party-remain-labour-farage-corbyn-a8876206.html)\nPremium\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/05\/22\/17\/car-factory-carbon-emissions.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-germany-economy-euro-recession-growth-employment-a8874386.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Is Brexit making the eurozone’s economic problems worse?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-germany-economy-euro-recession-growth-employment-a8874386.html)\nPremium\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/04\/12\/12\/farage-brexit-party.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-party-nigel-farage-ukip-killed-latest-eu-parliament-elections-a8870811.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Has Nigel Farage killed Ukip with the Brexit Party?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-party-nigel-farage-ukip-killed-latest-eu-parliament-elections-a8870811.html)\nPremium\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/04\/11\/10\/Theresa-May-downing-street.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/video\/brexit-extension-article-50-final-say-second-referendum-more-likely-a8865571.html)\n\n[Video](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/video)\n\n## [Does the Brexit extension make a second referendum more likely?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/video\/brexit-extension-article-50-final-say-second-referendum-more-likely-a8865571.html)\nPremium\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/04\/05\/17\/theresa-may-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-delay-theresa-may-eu-deal-article-50-donald-tusk-a8857861.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Why is May asking for a short Brexit delay the EU is likely to reject?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-delay-theresa-may-eu-deal-article-50-donald-tusk-a8857861.html)\nPremium\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/04\/06\/01\/brexit-faces.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/article-50-revoke-theresa-may-brexit-latest-a8860471.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Is the revocation of Article 50 becoming more likely?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/article-50-revoke-theresa-may-brexit-latest-a8860471.html)\nPremium\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/04\/09\/17\/1086103912.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-deal-customs-union-liam-fox-corbyn-a8861886.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Is a customs union really ‘the worst of both worlds’ for the UK?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-deal-customs-union-liam-fox-corbyn-a8861886.html)\nPremium\n\n[![EasyJet has re-registered most of its aircraft in Austria](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/17\/16\/easyjet.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained\/brexit-airlines-uk-easyjet-british-airways-cheap-fares-uncertainty-a8858656.html)\n\n[Brexit explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [How are airlines dealing with the ongoing Brexit uncertainty?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained\/brexit-airlines-uk-easyjet-british-airways-cheap-fares-uncertainty-a8858656.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Will Michel Barnier and other EU top dogs permit a further extension?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/29\/14\/michel-barnier.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained\/url-brexit-summit-european-council-eu-leaders-theresa-may-a8855696.html)\n\n[Brexit explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [How might next week’s Brexit summit of EU leaders play out?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained\/url-brexit-summit-european-council-eu-leaders-theresa-may-a8855696.html)\nPremium\n\n[Brexit explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [How might next week’s Brexit summit of EU leaders play out?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained\/url-brexit-summit-european-council-eu-leaders-theresa-may-a8855696.html)\n![Head shot of Jon Stone](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/2020\/10\/15\/09\/jon-stone.png?quality=50&width=100&auto=webp)\n\n[Jon Stone](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/author\/jon-stone)\n\nPremium\n\n[![Will Michel Barnier and other EU top dogs permit a further extension?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/29\/14\/michel-barnier.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained\/url-brexit-summit-european-council-eu-leaders-theresa-may-a8855696.html)\n\n[![Theresa May speaks during Prime Minister's Questions in the House of Commons yesterday](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/04\/03\/13\/theresa-may-pmqs-2.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained\/brexit-no-deal-bill-yvette-cooper-oliver-letwin-hilary-benn-a8853191.html)\n\n[Brexit explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Will Yvette Cooper’s bill really prevent a no-deal Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained\/brexit-no-deal-bill-yvette-cooper-oliver-letwin-hilary-benn-a8853191.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Arlene Foster, leader of Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party, met with EU chief negotiator Michel Barnier in Brussels on 9 October](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/10\/13\/22\/arlene-foster-dup.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-news-latest-dup-article-50-theresa-may-a8847041.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [How can the DUP support Brexit when Northern Ireland does not?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-news-latest-dup-article-50-theresa-may-a8847041.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Twelve MPs who defected from Labour and Conservatives, but none of those who stood for re-election were successful](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/29\/17\/tig.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/soft-brexit-second-referendum-liberal-democrats-tig-changeuk-indicative-votes-a8851451.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Why did pro-Remain MPs scupper attempts to secure a soft Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/soft-brexit-second-referendum-liberal-democrats-tig-changeuk-indicative-votes-a8851451.html)\nPremium\n\n[![European Council president Donald Tusk attends the closing news conference of the council summit in Brussels](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/22\/14\/Donald-Tusk.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-eu-extension-summit-european-council-donald-tusk-macron-merkel-a8846301.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Why are EU leaders meeting for another Brexit summit on 10 April?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-eu-extension-summit-european-council-donald-tusk-macron-merkel-a8846301.html)\nPremium\n\n[![European Council president Donald Tusk attends the closing news conference of the council summit in Brussels](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/22\/14\/Donald-Tusk.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-eu-extension-summit-european-council-donald-tusk-macron-merkel-a8846301.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Why are EU leaders meeting for another Brexit summit on 10 April?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-eu-extension-summit-european-council-donald-tusk-macron-merkel-a8846301.html)\nPremium\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/04\/13\/independent-group-commons.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/independent-group-tig-change-uk-brexit-allen-party-eu-leave-remain-a8845981.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Can the Independent Group make a real difference to Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/independent-group-tig-change-uk-brexit-allen-party-eu-leave-remain-a8845981.html)\nPremium\n\n[![May speaking during Prime Minister’s Questions on Wednesday](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/28\/16\/Commons-inside.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-day-delay-postponed-article-50-extension-blame-responsibility-a8843851.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Who is responsible for Britain failing to leave the EU this week?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-day-delay-postponed-article-50-extension-blame-responsibility-a8843851.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Dominic Cummings speaking to the Treasury Select Committee](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2017\/07\/10\/18\/dominic-cummings.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/dominic-cummings-contempt-of-parliament-brexit-a8842601.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Will Dominic Cummings be punished for being in contempt of parliament?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/dominic-cummings-contempt-of-parliament-brexit-a8842601.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Brexit may have been taken out of Theresa May’s hands](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/25\/23\/theresa-may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-indicative-votes-trade-deal-eu-mps-theresa-may-a8841051.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Why are MPs voting on different EU trading relationships?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-indicative-votes-trade-deal-eu-mps-theresa-may-a8841051.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Can those who plot to dethrone Ms May find common purpose in determining a successor?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/24\/11\/hammond-may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/theresa-may-brexit-election-prime-minister-resign-cabinet-plot-a8839426.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Brexit: How can Theresa May be removed as prime minister?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/theresa-may-brexit-election-prime-minister-resign-cabinet-plot-a8839426.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Pulling their socks up? Not all companies are prepared for the worst](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/20\/10\/Brexit-protest-socks.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-extension-delay-uk-business-no-deal-economy-plan-a8832221.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What would Brexit delay mean for UK business contingency planning?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-extension-delay-uk-business-no-deal-economy-plan-a8832221.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Has Bercow done the Breixteers’ bidding?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/19\/17\/Brexit-march-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/no-deal-brexit-john-bercow-more-likely-theresa-may-eu-a8830641.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Is a no-deal Brexit more likely thanks to John Bercow?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/no-deal-brexit-john-bercow-more-likely-theresa-may-eu-a8830641.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Italy has had its own disagreements with the EU in recent months](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/10\/23\/10\/ItalyEU.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-delay-eu-veto-vote-matteo-salvini-italy-a8828846.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Is Matteo Salvini going to veto a Brexit extension?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-delay-eu-veto-vote-matteo-salvini-italy-a8828846.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Pulling their socks up? Not all companies are prepared for the worst](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/20\/10\/Brexit-protest-socks.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-extension-delay-uk-business-no-deal-economy-plan-a8832221.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What would Brexit delay mean for UK business contingency planning?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-extension-delay-uk-business-no-deal-economy-plan-a8832221.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Has Bercow done the Breixteers’ bidding?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/19\/17\/Brexit-march-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/no-deal-brexit-john-bercow-more-likely-theresa-may-eu-a8830641.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Is a no-deal Brexit more likely thanks to John Bercow?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/no-deal-brexit-john-bercow-more-likely-theresa-may-eu-a8830641.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Italy has had its own disagreements with the EU in recent months](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/10\/23\/10\/ItalyEU.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-delay-eu-veto-vote-matteo-salvini-italy-a8828846.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Is Matteo Salvini going to veto a Brexit extension?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-delay-eu-veto-vote-matteo-salvini-italy-a8828846.html)\nPremium\n\n[![‘We are not discussing cash,’ insists DUP Westminster leader Nigel Dodds](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/15\/18\/nigel-dodds.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/dup-brexit-deal-theresa-may-philip-hammond-a8827171.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [How is May trying to convince the DUP to back her deal?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/dup-brexit-deal-theresa-may-philip-hammond-a8827171.html)\nPremium\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [How is May trying to convince the DUP to back her deal?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/dup-brexit-deal-theresa-may-philip-hammond-a8827171.html)\n[Joe Watts](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/author\/joe-watts)\n\nPremium\n\n[![‘We are not discussing cash,’ insists DUP Westminster leader Nigel Dodds](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/15\/18\/nigel-dodds.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/dup-brexit-deal-theresa-may-philip-hammond-a8827171.html)\n\n[![The idea of kicking the can down the road is not appealing to EU diplomats](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/16\/17\/May.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/article-50-extension-brexit-delay-theresa-may-eu-council-a8826391.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Brexit: Will EU leaders give Theresa May an extension of Article 50?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/article-50-extension-brexit-delay-theresa-may-eu-council-a8826391.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Same question, same answer?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/13\/20\/front-theresa-may-no-deal.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-deal-vote-commons-times-theresa-may-speaker-bercow-defeat-motion-eu-talks-a8823126.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Why can the PM ask MPs to vote again and again on the same deal?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-deal-vote-commons-times-theresa-may-speaker-bercow-defeat-motion-eu-talks-a8823126.html)\nPremium\n\n[![British beef would be undercut by tariff-free meat from places such as the US](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/13\/11\/tariffs-4.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-no-deal-farmers-eu-tariffs-food-costs-imports-theresa-may-a8821096.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Why are farmers suddenly so worried about a no-deal Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-no-deal-farmers-eu-tariffs-food-costs-imports-theresa-may-a8821096.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Esther McVey was criticised for sharing an article that said members would have to adopt the currency](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/11\/15\/Esther-McVey.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-euro-european-union-member-states-a8817861.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Will all EU member states have to join the euro after 2020?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-euro-european-union-member-states-a8817861.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Esther McVey was criticised for sharing an article that said members would have to adopt the currency](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/11\/15\/Esther-McVey.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-euro-european-union-member-states-a8817861.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Will all EU member states have to join the euro after 2020?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-euro-european-union-member-states-a8817861.html)\nPremium\n\n[![The prime minister is facing one of her most dangerous weeks in office](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/10\/12\/2019-03-08T131928Z-1295697356-RC158A039490-RTRMADP-3-BRITAIN-EU.JPG?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-votes-key-dates-no-deal-theresa-may-article-50-extension-meaningful-second-referendum-a8815491.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [What should we expect from the Brexit votes this week?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-votes-key-dates-no-deal-theresa-may-article-50-extension-meaningful-second-referendum-a8815491.html)\nPremium\n\n[![And doesn’t Jeremy Corbyn?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/25\/19\/front-final-say-2.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-second-referendum-final-say-meaningful-vote-a8815561.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Why won’t MPs be voting on a Final Say referendum this week?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-second-referendum-final-say-meaningful-vote-a8815561.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Geoffrey Cox has found himself in the growing dictionary of Brexitisms](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/12\/05\/16\/geoffcox.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-debate-codpiece-mps-house-of-commons-a8812821.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Why are MPs talking about codpieces during the Brexit debate?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-debate-codpiece-mps-house-of-commons-a8812821.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Can Jeremy Corbyn create a soft Brexit alliance?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/02\/17\/Corbyn.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-norway-plus-corbyn-boles-letwin-a8810406.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Are we heading for a softer Brexit next week?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-norway-plus-corbyn-boles-letwin-a8810406.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Can Ms May avoid utter humiliation over the no-deal option?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/26\/19\/Theresa-May-commons.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-free-vote-no-deal-theresa-may-tories-a8809056.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Why is the PM considering a free vote for her MPs over no-deal Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-free-vote-no-deal-theresa-may-tories-a8809056.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Can the PM find a way to get her EU withdrawal deal through the Commons?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/03\/22\/urn-publicid-ap.org-abb3e3487f82497090d9d60d613fad9b.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-explained-theresa-may-nhs-commons-vote-bribe-labour-austerity-cuts-eu-a8807131.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Will May’s fund be enough to persuade Labour MPs to back her deal?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-explained-theresa-may-nhs-commons-vote-bribe-labour-austerity-cuts-eu-a8807131.html)\nPremium\n\n[!['Because processes have been automated for such a long time, officers will be using EU systems without realising'](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2016\/04\/05\/07\/british-police-stock-photo-no-faces.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-policing-europol-crime-public-safety-eu-databases-impact-a8803726.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What impact will Brexit have on police in the UK?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-policing-europol-crime-public-safety-eu-databases-impact-a8803726.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Will the PM pull a Brexit rabbit out of the hat?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/28\/01\/theresa-may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-theresa-may-deal-parliament-mps-eu-a8803866.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Is the PM on the way to securing parliament’s backing for her deal?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-theresa-may-deal-parliament-mps-eu-a8803866.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Many companies have stockpiled goods or leased additional office space in preparation for Brexit](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/24\/16\/stockpiling.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/businesses-no-deal-brexit-preparations-recoup-costs-a8801896.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Can businesses recoup their no-deal Brexit preparation costs?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/businesses-no-deal-brexit-preparations-recoup-costs-a8801896.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Retiring into a European sunset might not be so palatable in the event of no deal](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/27\/17\/ministry-of-transport-at-100-24.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/uk-citizens-no-deal-brexit-europe-living-abroad-spain-france-a8800061.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [What happens to UK citizens living in the EU under a no-deal Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/uk-citizens-no-deal-brexit-europe-living-abroad-spain-france-a8800061.html)\nPremium\n\n[![There is still some way to go before we will know the consequences of Labour’s policy shift](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/25\/18\/front-corbyn-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/labour-brexit-second-referendum-corbyn-policy-explained-a8797716.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [What does Corbyn’s policy change on a new referendum actually mean?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/labour-brexit-second-referendum-corbyn-policy-explained-a8797716.html)\nPremium\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [What does Corbyn’s policy change on a new referendum actually mean?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/labour-brexit-second-referendum-corbyn-policy-explained-a8797716.html)\n![Head shot of John Rentoul](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/John_Rentoul.png?quality=50&width=100&auto=webp)\n\n[John Rentoul](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/author\/john-rentoul)\n\nPremium\n\n[![There is still some way to go before we will know the consequences of Labour’s policy shift](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/25\/18\/front-corbyn-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/labour-brexit-second-referendum-corbyn-policy-explained-a8797716.html)\n\n[![Will TIG MPs still be smiling when they have to flesh out their policy positions?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/23\/14\/independent-group.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-deal-position-independent-group-chuka-umunna-heidi-allen-policies-second-referendum-a8796156.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What is the Independent Group’s position on Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-deal-position-independent-group-chuka-umunna-heidi-allen-policies-second-referendum-a8796156.html)\nPremium\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/18\/15\/theresa-may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-what-is-happening-deal-latest-theresa-may-jeremy-corbyn-uk-eu-a8793396.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [What is going to happen next week as ‘crunch’ moment awaits?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-what-is-happening-deal-latest-theresa-may-jeremy-corbyn-uk-eu-a8793396.html)\nPremium\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/12\/29\/18\/liam-fox.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-trade-deal-liam-fox-global-britain-japan-turkey-explained-a8792361.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Is Liam Fox to blame for our lack of trade deals?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-trade-deal-liam-fox-global-britain-japan-turkey-explained-a8792361.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Roaming charges were removed under EU regulations](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/13\/09\/eu-roaming-charges.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/tech\/brexit-deal-roaming-charges-mobile-phone-network-eu-europe-uk-cost-a8788806.html)\n\n[Tech](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/tech)\n\n## [Will I have to pay to use my mobile abroad after Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/tech\/brexit-deal-roaming-charges-mobile-phone-network-eu-europe-uk-cost-a8788806.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Roaming charges were removed under EU regulations](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/13\/09\/eu-roaming-charges.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/tech\/brexit-deal-roaming-charges-mobile-phone-network-eu-europe-uk-cost-a8788806.html)\n\n[Tech](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/tech)\n\n## [Will I have to pay to use my mobile abroad after Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/tech\/brexit-deal-roaming-charges-mobile-phone-network-eu-europe-uk-cost-a8788806.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Leavers argued that increased border control would make Britain safer, but officials say the loss of intelligence will make security worse](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/18\/18\/europol.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-security-terrorists-intelligence-services-eu-information-sharing-a8785346.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Will Brexit make it harder for UK authorities to track terrorists?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-security-terrorists-intelligence-services-eu-information-sharing-a8785346.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Young campaigners deface a Labour Party billboard, calling for a fresh vote](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/12\/11\/corbyn-billboard-graffitti.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-referendum-labour-independent-group-split-mps-vote-remain-jeremy-corbyn-a8785106.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Does the Labour split make a fresh referendum more likely?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-referendum-labour-independent-group-split-mps-vote-remain-jeremy-corbyn-a8785106.html)\nPremium\n\n[![The last burgundy British passport will expire in 2029](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/11\/27\/08\/istock-598075308.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-blue-passport-uk-valid-no-deal-eu-schengen-a8783491.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What happens to my passport after Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-blue-passport-uk-valid-no-deal-eu-schengen-a8783491.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Theresa May leaves from the rear of 10 Downing Street](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/14\/21\/sei52296775.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/eu-theresa-may-deal-vote-defeat-reaction-barnier-juncker-tusk-talks-irish-backstop-article-50-a8781231.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [How has the EU reacted to Theresa May’s latest defeat in the Commons?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/eu-theresa-may-deal-vote-defeat-reaction-barnier-juncker-tusk-talks-irish-backstop-article-50-a8781231.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Who needs enemies, prime minister?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/06\/16\/gettyimages-969818662.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-leave-eu-trump-world-leaders-macron-orban-abe-a8779986.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What have world leaders said about Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-leave-eu-trump-world-leaders-macron-orban-abe-a8779986.html)\nPremium\n\n[![‘Brexit can lead to a new form of international cooperation,’ Carney said](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/10\/23\/15\/Mark-Carney.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/mark-carney-brexit-comments-bank-of-england-a8778051.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Is Mark Carney now supporting Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/mark-carney-brexit-comments-bank-of-england-a8778051.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Awareness of the need to apply for settled status post-Brexit remains patchy](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/11\/13\/POLITICS-Brexit-123977.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/eu-nationals-brexit-hostile-environment-settled-status-a8775836.html)\n\n[Home News](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news)\n\n## [Will EU nationals be subject to the hostile environment after Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/eu-nationals-brexit-hostile-environment-settled-status-a8775836.html)\nPremium\n\n[![The prime minister still hasn’t got a plan that MPs will agree to](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/09\/18\/May.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-day-leave-eu-when-theresa-may-mps-vote-article-50-jeremy-corbyn-a8774466.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Is Theresa May running down the clock until Brexit day?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-day-leave-eu-when-theresa-may-mps-vote-article-50-jeremy-corbyn-a8774466.html)\nPremium\n\n[![It takes six weeks to ship cars from the UK to Japan, meaning the real deadline for some exporters is 15 February](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/02\/03\/23\/cargo-ships-uk-port.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features\/brexit-no-deal-economic-impact-stockpiling-investment-finance-a8769806.html)\n\n[Business Analysis & Features](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features)\n\n## [Could a no-deal Brexit hit the economy sooner than we think?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features\/brexit-no-deal-economic-impact-stockpiling-investment-finance-a8769806.html)\nPremium\n\n[![The Labour leader is a longstanding Eurosceptic](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/08\/16\/corbyn-signing.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-jeremy-corbyn-letter-theresa-may-second-referendum-labour-party-peoples-vote-a8769716.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Did Corbyn’s letter really rule out Labour’s backing for a Final Say?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-jeremy-corbyn-letter-theresa-may-second-referendum-labour-party-peoples-vote-a8769716.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Any progress, prime minister?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/06\/13\/tmay.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-key-dates-what-next-deadline-votes-mps-talks-no-deal-trade-irish-backstop-a8768321.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What happens next week in Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-key-dates-what-next-deadline-votes-mps-talks-no-deal-trade-irish-backstop-a8768321.html)\nPremium\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What happens next week in Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-key-dates-what-next-deadline-votes-mps-talks-no-deal-trade-irish-backstop-a8768321.html)\n![Head shot of Ashley Cowburn](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/ashley_cowburn.png?quality=50&width=100&auto=webp)\n\n[Ashley Cowburn](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/author\/ashley-cowburn)\n\nPremium\n\n[![Any progress, prime minister?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/06\/13\/tmay.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-key-dates-what-next-deadline-votes-mps-talks-no-deal-trade-irish-backstop-a8768321.html)\n\n[![Supermarkets may sell only to British-based customers but around 30 per cent of our food is imported from the EU](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/28\/14\/vegetable-fruit-shortages-brexit-supermarket.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-no-deal-impact-domestic-company-business-finance-a8765946.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [How would a no-deal Brexit affect domestic-focused UK firms?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-no-deal-impact-domestic-company-business-finance-a8765946.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Zoning out](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/01\/04\/13\/eu-symbol.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-remain-join-euro-single-currency-opt-out-second-referendum-a8759231.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [If the UK ends up staying in the EU, will we have to join the euro?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-remain-join-euro-single-currency-opt-out-second-referendum-a8759231.html)\nPremium\n\n[![But is there any way around the backstop?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2017\/12\/21\/17\/irish-brexit.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/malthouse-compromise-brexit-deal-working-group-cross-party-may-mps-a8762626.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What is the Malthouse compromise and will it solve the Brexit puzzle?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/malthouse-compromise-brexit-deal-working-group-cross-party-may-mps-a8762626.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Brexit? It’ll be the ‘easiest thing in human history’](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/02\/27\/18\/liam-fox.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-uk-trade-deals-eu-grandfather-roll-over-rules-of-origin-a8756691.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Can UK continue trading with countries covered by an EU trade deal?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-uk-trade-deals-eu-grandfather-roll-over-rules-of-origin-a8756691.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Brexit? It’ll be the ‘easiest thing in human history’](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/02\/27\/18\/liam-fox.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-uk-trade-deals-eu-grandfather-roll-over-rules-of-origin-a8756691.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Can UK continue trading with countries covered by an EU trade deal?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-uk-trade-deals-eu-grandfather-roll-over-rules-of-origin-a8756691.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Poland’s prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki and Theresa May shake hands](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2017\/12\/21\/15\/may-poland.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-renegotiate-withdrawal-agreement-eu-member-states-a8759221.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Will some members of the EU be open to renegotiating Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-renegotiate-withdrawal-agreement-eu-member-states-a8759221.html)\nPremium\n\n[![A rock or a hard place?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/11\/20\/17\/gibraltar-rock.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-gibraltar-uk-colony-no-deal-eu-europe-spain-territory-a8758576.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What’s behind the latest Brexit row over Gibraltar?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-gibraltar-uk-colony-no-deal-eu-europe-spain-territory-a8758576.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Busy times ahead?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/31\/12\/POLITICS-PMQs-160393.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-day-leave-eu-29-march-extension-delay-deadline-pass-laws-time-a8756646.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Even if a Brexit deal is agreed, will we leave on 29 March?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-day-leave-eu-29-march-extension-delay-deadline-pass-laws-time-a8756646.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Is the prime minister looking for something that isn’t actually there?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/03\/12\/gettyimages-1005500456.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-irish-border-backstop-theresa-may-brady-amendment-deal-vote-a8754676.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Are there any viable ‘alternative arrangements’ for the Irish border](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-irish-border-backstop-theresa-may-brady-amendment-deal-vote-a8754676.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Will tomatoes be rationed?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/07\/19\/tomato.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/no-deal-brexit-food-shortages-price-rise-uk-supermarkets-supply-a8752711.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Will a no-deal Brexit really cause shortages of food in supermarkets?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/no-deal-brexit-food-shortages-price-rise-uk-supermarkets-supply-a8752711.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Analysts predict that if Theresa May’s “Plan B” deal is approved, sterling could rise more than 10 per cent to \\$1.45 from \\$1.31](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/11\/26\/10\/sterling.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-vote-no-deal-pound-value-sterling-euro-dollar-exchange-rate-theresa-may-a8751896.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Pound is predicted to soar if MPs reject no-deal Brexit](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-vote-no-deal-pound-value-sterling-euro-dollar-exchange-rate-theresa-may-a8751896.html)\n\n[![Is the cliff edge in sight?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/28\/07\/Theresa-May.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-deal-vote-commons-may-backstop-amendments-eu-bercow-a8751106.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What will happen in tonight’s crucial Commons votes on Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-deal-vote-commons-may-backstop-amendments-eu-bercow-a8751106.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Trinity College Dublin attracts students from all over the world](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/23\/16\/800px-trinity-college-dublin-4.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-northern-ireland-students-universities-tuition-fees-grants-no-deal-a8742861.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [How much will NI students pay for university in Ireland post-Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-northern-ireland-students-universities-tuition-fees-grants-no-deal-a8742861.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Cashing in on Brexit?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/25\/16\/money.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/pound-sterling-value-brexit-currency-movements-explained-a8746946.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What does the value of the pound tell us about Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/pound-sterling-value-brexit-currency-movements-explained-a8746946.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Sony and Airbus illustrate the huge uncertainty of Brexit’s impact on UK jobs and investment](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/10\/12\/19\/airbus-entrance-uk.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features\/brexit-companies-leave-uk-jobs-economic-impact-airbus-sony-a8744986.html)\n\n[Business Analysis & Features](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features)\n\n## [Is Brexit causing hundreds of companies to leave the UK?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features\/brexit-companies-leave-uk-jobs-economic-impact-airbus-sony-a8744986.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Some see WTO rules as a simple landing place post Brexit](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/23\/17\/brexit-wto-leave-voter.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/wto-rules-world-trade-organisation-brexit-no-deal-explained-a8742746.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Does any country actually trade on WTO rules alone?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/wto-rules-world-trade-organisation-brexit-no-deal-explained-a8742746.html)\nPremium\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [Does any country actually trade on WTO rules alone?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/wto-rules-world-trade-organisation-brexit-no-deal-explained-a8742746.html)\n![Head shot of Ben Chu](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/Ben_Chu.png?quality=50&width=100&auto=webp)\n\n[Ben Chu](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/author\/ben-chu)\n\nPremium\n\n[![Some see WTO rules as a simple landing place post Brexit](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/23\/17\/brexit-wto-leave-voter.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/wto-rules-world-trade-organisation-brexit-no-deal-explained-a8742746.html)\n\n[![Little is black and white when it comes to Brexit](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/06\/11\/un-sustainability-report-5.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features\/brexit-dairy-exports-milk-northern-ireland-eu-republic-produce-labelling-a8738806.html)\n\n[Business Analysis & Features](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features)\n\n## [How badly could Brexit disrupt farming exports from Northern Ireland?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features\/brexit-dairy-exports-milk-northern-ireland-eu-republic-produce-labelling-a8738806.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Will Yvette Cooper’s amendment take no deal off the table?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/17\/16\/POLITICS-Brexit-160224.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-yvette-cooper-amendment-article-50-extend-backstop-theresa-may-a8738981.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [What is Yvette Cooper’s amendment to extend Article 50?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-yvette-cooper-amendment-article-50-extend-backstop-theresa-may-a8738981.html)\nPremium\n\n[![‘What has the EU ever done for us?’](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/18\/18\/life-of-brian.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/eu-benefits-why-remain-brexit-leave-trade-economic-disadvantages-a8735351.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [On balance, have we benefited from being in the EU?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/eu-benefits-why-remain-brexit-leave-trade-economic-disadvantages-a8735351.html)\nPremium\n\n[![ Turkey's President Recep Erdoğan has made little progress on EU accession](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/08\/13\/ap-19008382048116.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/eu-countries-brexit-turkey-leave-campaign-serbia-bosnia-western-balkans-a8735386.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Does the EU want to expand to include more countries like Turkey?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/eu-countries-brexit-turkey-leave-campaign-serbia-bosnia-western-balkans-a8735386.html)\nPremium\n\n[![ Turkey's President Recep Erdoğan has made little progress on EU accession](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/08\/13\/ap-19008382048116.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/eu-countries-brexit-turkey-leave-campaign-serbia-bosnia-western-balkans-a8735386.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Does the EU want to expand to include more countries like Turkey?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/eu-countries-brexit-turkey-leave-campaign-serbia-bosnia-western-balkans-a8735386.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Preparing for the worst](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/07\/11\/test-drive-lorries-no-deal.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-no-deal-eu-preparations-france-ireland-netherlands-customs-officers-a8733196.html)\n\n[Brexit – explained](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained)\n\n## [What is the EU doing to prepare for a no-deal Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-no-deal-eu-preparations-france-ireland-netherlands-customs-officers-a8733196.html)\nPremium\n\n[![But when will you get it?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/10\/29\/17\/final-say-march-41.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-referendum-timetable-key-dates-how-long-vote-polls-register-a8731201.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [How long would it take to organise a new Brexit referendum?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-referendum-timetable-key-dates-how-long-vote-polls-register-a8731201.html)\nPremium\n\n[![How much sway will the unions have over Brexit?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/23\/13\/INDUSTRY-TUC-161271.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-deal-big-trade-unions-position-explained-theresa-may-eu-unite-unison-gmb-a8723626.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [What is the position of the big trade unions on Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-deal-big-trade-unions-position-explained-theresa-may-eu-unite-unison-gmb-a8723626.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Can anything resolve the Irish border backstop conundrum?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/04\/11\/sei44141433web.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-deal-irish-border-backstop-stormont-veto-northern-ireland-dup-theresa-may-eu-a8719221.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Brexit: Can the PM give Stormont a veto on the Irish border backstop?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-deal-irish-border-backstop-stormont-veto-northern-ireland-dup-theresa-may-eu-a8719221.html)\nPremium\n\n[![A second referendum almost certainly cannot happen unless Article 50 is extended or revoked](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/02\/15\/march-referendum-final-say-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-second-referendum-final-say-peoples-vote-article-50-extension-extend-a8717541.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Would extending Article 50 make a second EU referendum more likely?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-second-referendum-final-say-peoples-vote-article-50-extension-extend-a8717541.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Caught between a rock and hard place?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/07\/15\/May-in-Brussels.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/customs-union-single-market-difference-brexit-theresa-may-jeremy-corbyn-a8716061.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [What is the difference between the customs union and single market?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/customs-union-single-market-difference-brexit-theresa-may-jeremy-corbyn-a8716061.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Perhaps they do need a holiday after all...](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/12\/19\/15\/bercow-discusses.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-debate-meaningful-vote-christmas-break-no-deal-theresa-may-parliament-a8693576.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Brexit is a mess, so why are MPs not postponing their Christmas break?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-debate-meaningful-vote-christmas-break-no-deal-theresa-may-parliament-a8693576.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Researchers working on treatments for rare diseases among those whose careers remain uncertain](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2016\/09\/19\/11\/rare-diseases-3.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health\/brexit-medical-research-clinical-trials-rare-disease-cancer-drugs-eu-funding-final-say-a8712806.html)\n\n[Health](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health)\n\n## [What will leaving the EU mean for medical and scientific research?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health\/brexit-medical-research-clinical-trials-rare-disease-cancer-drugs-eu-funding-final-say-a8712806.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Caught between a rock and hard place?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/07\/15\/May-in-Brussels.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/customs-union-single-market-difference-brexit-theresa-may-jeremy-corbyn-a8716061.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [What is the difference between the customs union and single market?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/customs-union-single-market-difference-brexit-theresa-may-jeremy-corbyn-a8716061.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Perhaps they do need a holiday after all...](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/12\/19\/15\/bercow-discusses.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-debate-meaningful-vote-christmas-break-no-deal-theresa-may-parliament-a8693576.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [Brexit is a mess, so why are MPs not postponing their Christmas break?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-debate-meaningful-vote-christmas-break-no-deal-theresa-may-parliament-a8693576.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Researchers working on treatments for rare diseases among those whose careers remain uncertain](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2016\/09\/19\/11\/rare-diseases-3.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health\/brexit-medical-research-clinical-trials-rare-disease-cancer-drugs-eu-funding-final-say-a8712806.html)\n\n[Health](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health)\n\n## [What will leaving the EU mean for medical and scientific research?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health\/brexit-medical-research-clinical-trials-rare-disease-cancer-drugs-eu-funding-final-say-a8712806.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Members of the European Parliament take part in a vote on modifications to EU copyright reforms during a voting session at the European Parliament in Strasbourg, France, September 12, 2018](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/12\/12\/euvote.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-latest-delay-meps-european-parliament-second-referendum-peoples-vote-a8713136.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [What will happen to Britain’s MEPs if Brexit is delayed?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-latest-delay-meps-european-parliament-second-referendum-peoples-vote-a8713136.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Britain is set to leave the European Union in March 2019](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/04\/15\/brexit-istock-0.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-cost-government-no-deal-prepare-conservative-divorce-bill-a8711836.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [How much is the government spending on Brexit?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-cost-government-no-deal-prepare-conservative-divorce-bill-a8711836.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Brexit holds out hope for a greener Britain](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/11\/16\/16\/michael-gove.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/climate-change\/news\/michael-gove-brexit-green-environment-protection-eu-nature-farming-agriculture-a8710106.html)\n\n[News](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/climate-change\/news)\n\n## [How realistic is Michael Gove’s ‘green Brexit’ vision?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/climate-change\/news\/michael-gove-brexit-green-environment-protection-eu-nature-farming-agriculture-a8710106.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Support: hundreds of thousands of voters have marched for another vote](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/02\/15\/march-referendum-final-say-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-final-say-second-referendum-jeremy-corbyn-a8707841.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [How would a Final Say referendum happen?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-final-say-second-referendum-jeremy-corbyn-a8707841.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Ms May refers to the ‘implementation period’ after withdrawal, a phrase long-since abandoned by everybody else](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/12\/14\/14\/theresa-may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-latest-transition-period-trade-deals-eu-negotiations-theresa-may-new-years-message-a8706381.html)\n\n[UK Politics](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics)\n\n## [May wants to ‘turn a corner’ after Brexit – but can it be that simple?](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-latest-transition-period-trade-deals-eu-negotiations-theresa-may-new-years-message-a8706381.html)\nPremium\n\n[![Woody Johnson, the US ambassador to the UK, greets Melania and Donald Trump on their UK visit in July](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/07\/12\/15\/trump-uk-visit-16.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features\/brexit-trade-deal-us-trump-woody-johnson-ambassador-theresa-may-a8705821.html)\n\n[Business Analysis & Features](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features)\n\n## [Would May’s Brexit plan destroy the prospect of a US trade 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in\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/04\/19\/13\/Farage.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/european-local-elections-brexit-party-farage-change-uk-a8876236.html)\n\n[![The 3.9 million Bame working people in the UK are more than twice as likely to be on agency contracts as white 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has re-registered most of its aircraft in Austria](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/17\/16\/easyjet.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained\/brexit-airlines-uk-easyjet-british-airways-cheap-fares-uncertainty-a8858656.html)\n\n[![Will Michel Barnier and other EU top dogs permit a further extension?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/29\/14\/michel-barnier.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/independentpremium\/brexit-explained\/url-brexit-summit-european-council-eu-leaders-theresa-may-a8855696.html)\n\n[![Will Michel Barnier and other EU top dogs permit a further 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October](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/10\/13\/22\/arlene-foster-dup.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-news-latest-dup-article-50-theresa-may-a8847041.html)\n\n[![Twelve MPs who defected from Labour and Conservatives, but none of those who stood for re-election were successful](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/29\/17\/tig.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/soft-brexit-second-referendum-liberal-democrats-tig-changeuk-indicative-votes-a8851451.html)\n\n[![European Council president Donald Tusk attends the closing news conference of the council summit in Brussels](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/22\/14\/Donald-Tusk.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-eu-extension-summit-european-council-donald-tusk-macron-merkel-a8846301.html)\n\n[![European Council president Donald Tusk attends the closing news conference of the council summit in Brussels](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/22\/14\/Donald-Tusk.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-eu-extension-summit-european-council-donald-tusk-macron-merkel-a8846301.html)\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/04\/13\/independent-group-commons.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/independent-group-tig-change-uk-brexit-allen-party-eu-leave-remain-a8845981.html)\n\n[![May speaking during Prime Minister’s Questions on Wednesday](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/28\/16\/Commons-inside.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-day-delay-postponed-article-50-extension-blame-responsibility-a8843851.html)\n\n[![Dominic Cummings speaking to the Treasury Select Committee](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2017\/07\/10\/18\/dominic-cummings.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/dominic-cummings-contempt-of-parliament-brexit-a8842601.html)\n\n[![Brexit may have been taken out of Theresa May’s hands](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/25\/23\/theresa-may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-indicative-votes-trade-deal-eu-mps-theresa-may-a8841051.html)\n\n[![Can those who plot to dethrone Ms May find common purpose in determining a successor?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/24\/11\/hammond-may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/theresa-may-brexit-election-prime-minister-resign-cabinet-plot-a8839426.html)\n\n[![Pulling their socks up? Not all companies are prepared for the worst](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/20\/10\/Brexit-protest-socks.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-extension-delay-uk-business-no-deal-economy-plan-a8832221.html)\n\n[![Has Bercow done the Breixteers’ bidding?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/19\/17\/Brexit-march-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/no-deal-brexit-john-bercow-more-likely-theresa-may-eu-a8830641.html)\n\n[![Italy has had its own disagreements with the EU in recent months](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/10\/23\/10\/ItalyEU.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-delay-eu-veto-vote-matteo-salvini-italy-a8828846.html)\n\n[![Pulling their socks up? Not all companies are prepared for the worst](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/20\/10\/Brexit-protest-socks.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-extension-delay-uk-business-no-deal-economy-plan-a8832221.html)\n\n[![Has Bercow done the Breixteers’ bidding?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/19\/17\/Brexit-march-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/no-deal-brexit-john-bercow-more-likely-theresa-may-eu-a8830641.html)\n\n[![Italy has had its own disagreements with the EU in recent months](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/10\/23\/10\/ItalyEU.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-delay-eu-veto-vote-matteo-salvini-italy-a8828846.html)\n\n[![‘We are not discussing cash,’ insists DUP Westminster leader Nigel Dodds](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/15\/18\/nigel-dodds.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/dup-brexit-deal-theresa-may-philip-hammond-a8827171.html)\n\n[![‘We are not discussing cash,’ insists DUP Westminster leader Nigel Dodds](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/15\/18\/nigel-dodds.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/dup-brexit-deal-theresa-may-philip-hammond-a8827171.html)\n\n[![The idea of kicking the can down the road is not appealing to EU diplomats](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/16\/17\/May.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/article-50-extension-brexit-delay-theresa-may-eu-council-a8826391.html)\n\n[![Same question, same answer?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/13\/20\/front-theresa-may-no-deal.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-deal-vote-commons-times-theresa-may-speaker-bercow-defeat-motion-eu-talks-a8823126.html)\n\n[![British beef would be undercut by tariff-free meat from places such as the US](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/13\/11\/tariffs-4.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-no-deal-farmers-eu-tariffs-food-costs-imports-theresa-may-a8821096.html)\n\n[![Esther McVey was criticised for sharing an article that said members would have to adopt the currency](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/11\/15\/Esther-McVey.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-euro-european-union-member-states-a8817861.html)\n\n[![Esther McVey was criticised for sharing an article that said members would have to adopt the currency](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/11\/15\/Esther-McVey.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-euro-european-union-member-states-a8817861.html)\n\n[![The prime minister is facing one of her most dangerous weeks in office](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/10\/12\/2019-03-08T131928Z-1295697356-RC158A039490-RTRMADP-3-BRITAIN-EU.JPG?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-votes-key-dates-no-deal-theresa-may-article-50-extension-meaningful-second-referendum-a8815491.html)\n\n[![And doesn’t Jeremy Corbyn?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/25\/19\/front-final-say-2.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-second-referendum-final-say-meaningful-vote-a8815561.html)\n\n[![Geoffrey Cox has found himself in the growing dictionary of Brexitisms](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/12\/05\/16\/geoffcox.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-debate-codpiece-mps-house-of-commons-a8812821.html)\n\n[![Can Jeremy Corbyn create a soft Brexit alliance?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/02\/17\/Corbyn.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-norway-plus-corbyn-boles-letwin-a8810406.html)\n\n[![Can Ms May avoid utter humiliation over the no-deal option?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/26\/19\/Theresa-May-commons.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-free-vote-no-deal-theresa-may-tories-a8809056.html)\n\n[![Can the PM find a way to get her EU withdrawal deal through the Commons?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/03\/03\/22\/urn-publicid-ap.org-abb3e3487f82497090d9d60d613fad9b.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-explained-theresa-may-nhs-commons-vote-bribe-labour-austerity-cuts-eu-a8807131.html)\n\n[!['Because processes have been automated for such a long time, officers will be using EU systems without realising'](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2016\/04\/05\/07\/british-police-stock-photo-no-faces.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-policing-europol-crime-public-safety-eu-databases-impact-a8803726.html)\n\n[![Will the PM pull a Brexit rabbit out of the hat?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/28\/01\/theresa-may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-theresa-may-deal-parliament-mps-eu-a8803866.html)\n\n[![Many companies have stockpiled goods or leased additional office space in preparation for Brexit](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/24\/16\/stockpiling.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/businesses-no-deal-brexit-preparations-recoup-costs-a8801896.html)\n\n[![Retiring into a European sunset might not be so palatable in the event of no deal](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/27\/17\/ministry-of-transport-at-100-24.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/uk-citizens-no-deal-brexit-europe-living-abroad-spain-france-a8800061.html)\n\n[![There is still some way to go before we will know the consequences of Labour’s policy shift](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/25\/18\/front-corbyn-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/labour-brexit-second-referendum-corbyn-policy-explained-a8797716.html)\n\n[![There is still some way to go before we will know the consequences of Labour’s policy shift](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/25\/18\/front-corbyn-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/labour-brexit-second-referendum-corbyn-policy-explained-a8797716.html)\n\n[![Will TIG MPs still be smiling when they have to flesh out their policy positions?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/23\/14\/independent-group.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-deal-position-independent-group-chuka-umunna-heidi-allen-policies-second-referendum-a8796156.html)\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/18\/15\/theresa-may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-what-is-happening-deal-latest-theresa-may-jeremy-corbyn-uk-eu-a8793396.html)\n\n[![](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/12\/29\/18\/liam-fox.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-trade-deal-liam-fox-global-britain-japan-turkey-explained-a8792361.html)\n\n[![Roaming charges were removed under EU regulations](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/13\/09\/eu-roaming-charges.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/tech\/brexit-deal-roaming-charges-mobile-phone-network-eu-europe-uk-cost-a8788806.html)\n\n[![Roaming charges were removed under EU regulations](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/13\/09\/eu-roaming-charges.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/tech\/brexit-deal-roaming-charges-mobile-phone-network-eu-europe-uk-cost-a8788806.html)\n\n[![Leavers argued that increased border control would make Britain safer, but officials say the loss of intelligence will make security worse](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/18\/18\/europol.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-security-terrorists-intelligence-services-eu-information-sharing-a8785346.html)\n\n[![Young campaigners deface a Labour Party billboard, calling for a fresh vote](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/12\/11\/corbyn-billboard-graffitti.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-referendum-labour-independent-group-split-mps-vote-remain-jeremy-corbyn-a8785106.html)\n\n[![The last burgundy British passport will expire in 2029](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/11\/27\/08\/istock-598075308.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-blue-passport-uk-valid-no-deal-eu-schengen-a8783491.html)\n\n[![Theresa May leaves from the rear of 10 Downing Street](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/14\/21\/sei52296775.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/eu-theresa-may-deal-vote-defeat-reaction-barnier-juncker-tusk-talks-irish-backstop-article-50-a8781231.html)\n\n[![Who needs enemies, prime minister?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/06\/16\/gettyimages-969818662.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-explained-leave-eu-trump-world-leaders-macron-orban-abe-a8779986.html)\n\n[![‘Brexit can lead to a new form of international cooperation,’ Carney said](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/10\/23\/15\/Mark-Carney.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/mark-carney-brexit-comments-bank-of-england-a8778051.html)\n\n[![Awareness of the need to apply for settled status post-Brexit remains patchy](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/11\/13\/POLITICS-Brexit-123977.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/eu-nationals-brexit-hostile-environment-settled-status-a8775836.html)\n\n[![The prime minister still hasn’t got a plan that MPs will agree to](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/09\/18\/May.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-day-leave-eu-when-theresa-may-mps-vote-article-50-jeremy-corbyn-a8774466.html)\n\n[![It takes six weeks to ship cars from the UK to Japan, meaning the real deadline for some exporters is 15 February](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/02\/03\/23\/cargo-ships-uk-port.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features\/brexit-no-deal-economic-impact-stockpiling-investment-finance-a8769806.html)\n\n[![The Labour leader is a longstanding Eurosceptic](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/08\/16\/corbyn-signing.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-jeremy-corbyn-letter-theresa-may-second-referendum-labour-party-peoples-vote-a8769716.html)\n\n[![Any progress, prime minister?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/06\/13\/tmay.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-key-dates-what-next-deadline-votes-mps-talks-no-deal-trade-irish-backstop-a8768321.html)\n\n[![Any progress, prime minister?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/02\/06\/13\/tmay.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-key-dates-what-next-deadline-votes-mps-talks-no-deal-trade-irish-backstop-a8768321.html)\n\n[![Supermarkets may sell only to British-based customers but around 30 per cent of our food is imported from the EU](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/28\/14\/vegetable-fruit-shortages-brexit-supermarket.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-no-deal-impact-domestic-company-business-finance-a8765946.html)\n\n[![Zoning out](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/01\/04\/13\/eu-symbol.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-remain-join-euro-single-currency-opt-out-second-referendum-a8759231.html)\n\n[![But is there any way around the backstop?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2017\/12\/21\/17\/irish-brexit.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/malthouse-compromise-brexit-deal-working-group-cross-party-may-mps-a8762626.html)\n\n[![Brexit? It’ll be the ‘easiest thing in human history’](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/02\/27\/18\/liam-fox.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-uk-trade-deals-eu-grandfather-roll-over-rules-of-origin-a8756691.html)\n\n[![Brexit? It’ll be the ‘easiest thing in human history’](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/02\/27\/18\/liam-fox.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-uk-trade-deals-eu-grandfather-roll-over-rules-of-origin-a8756691.html)\n\n[![Poland’s prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki and Theresa May shake hands](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2017\/12\/21\/15\/may-poland.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-renegotiate-withdrawal-agreement-eu-member-states-a8759221.html)\n\n[![A rock or a hard place?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/11\/20\/17\/gibraltar-rock.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-gibraltar-uk-colony-no-deal-eu-europe-spain-territory-a8758576.html)\n\n[![Busy times ahead?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/31\/12\/POLITICS-PMQs-160393.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-day-leave-eu-29-march-extension-delay-deadline-pass-laws-time-a8756646.html)\n\n[![Is the prime minister looking for something that isn’t actually there?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/03\/12\/gettyimages-1005500456.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-irish-border-backstop-theresa-may-brady-amendment-deal-vote-a8754676.html)\n\n[![Will tomatoes be rationed?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/07\/19\/tomato.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/no-deal-brexit-food-shortages-price-rise-uk-supermarkets-supply-a8752711.html)\n\n[![Analysts predict that if Theresa May’s “Plan B” deal is approved, sterling could rise more than 10 per cent to \\$1.45 from \\$1.31](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/11\/26\/10\/sterling.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-vote-no-deal-pound-value-sterling-euro-dollar-exchange-rate-theresa-may-a8751896.html)\n\n[![Is the cliff edge in sight?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/28\/07\/Theresa-May.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-deal-vote-commons-may-backstop-amendments-eu-bercow-a8751106.html)\n\n[![Trinity College Dublin attracts students from all over the world](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/23\/16\/800px-trinity-college-dublin-4.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-northern-ireland-students-universities-tuition-fees-grants-no-deal-a8742861.html)\n\n[![Cashing in on Brexit?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/25\/16\/money.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/pound-sterling-value-brexit-currency-movements-explained-a8746946.html)\n\n[![Sony and Airbus illustrate the huge uncertainty of Brexit’s impact on UK jobs and investment](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/10\/12\/19\/airbus-entrance-uk.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features\/brexit-companies-leave-uk-jobs-economic-impact-airbus-sony-a8744986.html)\n\n[![Some see WTO rules as a simple landing place post Brexit](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/23\/17\/brexit-wto-leave-voter.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/wto-rules-world-trade-organisation-brexit-no-deal-explained-a8742746.html)\n\n[![Some see WTO rules as a simple landing place post Brexit](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/23\/17\/brexit-wto-leave-voter.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/wto-rules-world-trade-organisation-brexit-no-deal-explained-a8742746.html)\n\n[![Little is black and white when it comes to Brexit](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/06\/11\/un-sustainability-report-5.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features\/brexit-dairy-exports-milk-northern-ireland-eu-republic-produce-labelling-a8738806.html)\n\n[![Will Yvette Cooper’s amendment take no deal off the table?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/17\/16\/POLITICS-Brexit-160224.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-yvette-cooper-amendment-article-50-extend-backstop-theresa-may-a8738981.html)\n\n[![‘What has the EU ever done for us?’](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/18\/18\/life-of-brian.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/eu-benefits-why-remain-brexit-leave-trade-economic-disadvantages-a8735351.html)\n\n[![ Turkey's President Recep Erdoğan has made little progress on EU accession](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/08\/13\/ap-19008382048116.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/eu-countries-brexit-turkey-leave-campaign-serbia-bosnia-western-balkans-a8735386.html)\n\n[![ Turkey's President Recep Erdoğan has made little progress on EU accession](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/08\/13\/ap-19008382048116.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/eu-countries-brexit-turkey-leave-campaign-serbia-bosnia-western-balkans-a8735386.html)\n\n[![Preparing for the worst](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/07\/11\/test-drive-lorries-no-deal.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/brexit-explained\/brexit-no-deal-eu-preparations-france-ireland-netherlands-customs-officers-a8733196.html)\n\n[![But when will you get it?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/10\/29\/17\/final-say-march-41.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-referendum-timetable-key-dates-how-long-vote-polls-register-a8731201.html)\n\n[![How much sway will the unions have over Brexit?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/23\/13\/INDUSTRY-TUC-161271.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-deal-big-trade-unions-position-explained-theresa-may-eu-unite-unison-gmb-a8723626.html)\n\n[![Can anything resolve the Irish border backstop conundrum?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/04\/11\/sei44141433web.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-deal-irish-border-backstop-stormont-veto-northern-ireland-dup-theresa-may-eu-a8719221.html)\n\n[![A second referendum almost certainly cannot happen unless Article 50 is extended or revoked](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/02\/15\/march-referendum-final-say-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-second-referendum-final-say-peoples-vote-article-50-extension-extend-a8717541.html)\n\n[![Caught between a rock and hard place?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/07\/15\/May-in-Brussels.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/customs-union-single-market-difference-brexit-theresa-may-jeremy-corbyn-a8716061.html)\n\n[![Perhaps they do need a holiday after all...](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/12\/19\/15\/bercow-discusses.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-debate-meaningful-vote-christmas-break-no-deal-theresa-may-parliament-a8693576.html)\n\n[![Researchers working on treatments for rare diseases among those whose careers remain uncertain](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2016\/09\/19\/11\/rare-diseases-3.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health\/brexit-medical-research-clinical-trials-rare-disease-cancer-drugs-eu-funding-final-say-a8712806.html)\n\n[![Caught between a rock and hard place?](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/07\/15\/May-in-Brussels.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/customs-union-single-market-difference-brexit-theresa-may-jeremy-corbyn-a8716061.html)\n\n[![Perhaps they do need a holiday after all...](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/12\/19\/15\/bercow-discusses.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-debate-meaningful-vote-christmas-break-no-deal-theresa-may-parliament-a8693576.html)\n\n[![Researchers working on treatments for rare diseases among those whose careers remain uncertain](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2016\/09\/19\/11\/rare-diseases-3.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health\/brexit-medical-research-clinical-trials-rare-disease-cancer-drugs-eu-funding-final-say-a8712806.html)\n\n[![Members of the European Parliament take part in a vote on modifications to EU copyright reforms during a voting session at the European Parliament in Strasbourg, France, September 12, 2018](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/09\/12\/12\/euvote.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-latest-delay-meps-european-parliament-second-referendum-peoples-vote-a8713136.html)\n\n[![Britain is set to leave the European Union in March 2019](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/04\/15\/brexit-istock-0.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-cost-government-no-deal-prepare-conservative-divorce-bill-a8711836.html)\n\n[![Brexit holds out hope for a greener Britain](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/11\/16\/16\/michael-gove.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/climate-change\/news\/michael-gove-brexit-green-environment-protection-eu-nature-farming-agriculture-a8710106.html)\n\n[![Support: hundreds of thousands of voters have marched for another vote](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2019\/01\/02\/15\/march-referendum-final-say-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-final-say-second-referendum-jeremy-corbyn-a8707841.html)\n\n[![Ms May refers to the ‘implementation period’ after withdrawal, a phrase long-since abandoned by everybody else](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/12\/14\/14\/theresa-may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-latest-transition-period-trade-deals-eu-negotiations-theresa-may-new-years-message-a8706381.html)\n\n[![Woody Johnson, the US ambassador to the UK, greets Melania and Donald Trump on their UK visit in July](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/07\/12\/15\/trump-uk-visit-16.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/analysis-and-features\/brexit-trade-deal-us-trump-woody-johnson-ambassador-theresa-may-a8705821.html)\n\n[![MPs will return to parliament to vote on Theresa May's Brexit deal, with debates beginning on 9 January and the vote the following week](https:\/\/static.independent.co.uk\/s3fs-public\/thumbnails\/image\/2018\/12\/18\/13\/may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/brexit-deal-theresa-may-mps-return-from-recess-christmas-theresa-may-a8704151.html)\n\n[![Tailbacks: a vision of post-EU 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officials say the loss of intelligence will make security worse](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/09/18/18/europol.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-explained-security-terrorists-intelligence-services-eu-information-sharing-a8785346.html) [![Young campaigners deface a Labour Party billboard, calling for a fresh vote](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/02/12/11/corbyn-billboard-graffitti.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-referendum-labour-independent-group-split-mps-vote-remain-jeremy-corbyn-a8785106.html) [![The last burgundy British passport will expire in 2029](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/11/27/08/istock-598075308.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-explained-blue-passport-uk-valid-no-deal-eu-schengen-a8783491.html) [![Theresa May leaves from the rear of 10 Downing Street](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/02/14/21/sei52296775.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/eu-theresa-may-deal-vote-defeat-reaction-barnier-juncker-tusk-talks-irish-backstop-article-50-a8781231.html) [![Who needs enemies, prime minister?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/09/06/16/gettyimages-969818662.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-explained-leave-eu-trump-world-leaders-macron-orban-abe-a8779986.html) [![‘Brexit can lead to a new form of international cooperation,’ Carney said](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/10/23/15/Mark-Carney.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/mark-carney-brexit-comments-bank-of-england-a8778051.html) [![Awareness of the need to apply for settled status post-Brexit remains patchy](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/02/11/13/POLITICS-Brexit-123977.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/eu-nationals-brexit-hostile-environment-settled-status-a8775836.html) [![The prime minister still hasn’t got a plan that MPs will agree to](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/02/09/18/May.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-day-leave-eu-when-theresa-may-mps-vote-article-50-jeremy-corbyn-a8774466.html) [![It takes six weeks to ship cars from the UK to Japan, meaning the real deadline for some exporters is 15 February](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/02/03/23/cargo-ships-uk-port.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/brexit-no-deal-economic-impact-stockpiling-investment-finance-a8769806.html) [![The Labour leader is a longstanding Eurosceptic](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/02/08/16/corbyn-signing.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-jeremy-corbyn-letter-theresa-may-second-referendum-labour-party-peoples-vote-a8769716.html) [![Any progress, prime minister?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/02/06/13/tmay.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-key-dates-what-next-deadline-votes-mps-talks-no-deal-trade-irish-backstop-a8768321.html) [![Any progress, prime minister?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/02/06/13/tmay.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-key-dates-what-next-deadline-votes-mps-talks-no-deal-trade-irish-backstop-a8768321.html) [![Supermarkets may sell only to British-based customers but around 30 per cent of our food is imported from the EU](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/28/14/vegetable-fruit-shortages-brexit-supermarket.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-no-deal-impact-domestic-company-business-finance-a8765946.html) [![Zoning out](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/01/04/13/eu-symbol.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-remain-join-euro-single-currency-opt-out-second-referendum-a8759231.html) [![But is there any way around the backstop?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2017/12/21/17/irish-brexit.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/malthouse-compromise-brexit-deal-working-group-cross-party-may-mps-a8762626.html) [![Brexit? It’ll be the ‘easiest thing in human history’](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/02/27/18/liam-fox.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-uk-trade-deals-eu-grandfather-roll-over-rules-of-origin-a8756691.html) [![Brexit? It’ll be the ‘easiest thing in human history’](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/02/27/18/liam-fox.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-uk-trade-deals-eu-grandfather-roll-over-rules-of-origin-a8756691.html) [![Poland’s prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki and Theresa May shake hands](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2017/12/21/15/may-poland.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-renegotiate-withdrawal-agreement-eu-member-states-a8759221.html) [![A rock or a hard place?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/11/20/17/gibraltar-rock.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-gibraltar-uk-colony-no-deal-eu-europe-spain-territory-a8758576.html) [![Busy times ahead?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/31/12/POLITICS-PMQs-160393.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-day-leave-eu-29-march-extension-delay-deadline-pass-laws-time-a8756646.html) [![Is the prime minister looking for something that isn’t actually there?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/09/03/12/gettyimages-1005500456.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-irish-border-backstop-theresa-may-brady-amendment-deal-vote-a8754676.html) [![Will tomatoes be rationed?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/07/19/tomato.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/no-deal-brexit-food-shortages-price-rise-uk-supermarkets-supply-a8752711.html) [![Analysts predict that if Theresa May’s “Plan B” deal is approved, sterling could rise more than 10 per cent to \$1.45 from \$1.31](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/11/26/10/sterling.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-vote-no-deal-pound-value-sterling-euro-dollar-exchange-rate-theresa-may-a8751896.html) [![Is the cliff edge in sight?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/28/07/Theresa-May.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-deal-vote-commons-may-backstop-amendments-eu-bercow-a8751106.html) [![Trinity College Dublin attracts students from all over the world](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/23/16/800px-trinity-college-dublin-4.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-northern-ireland-students-universities-tuition-fees-grants-no-deal-a8742861.html) [![Cashing in on Brexit?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/25/16/money.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/pound-sterling-value-brexit-currency-movements-explained-a8746946.html) [![Sony and Airbus illustrate the huge uncertainty of Brexit’s impact on UK jobs and investment](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/10/12/19/airbus-entrance-uk.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/brexit-companies-leave-uk-jobs-economic-impact-airbus-sony-a8744986.html) [![Some see WTO rules as a simple landing place post Brexit](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/23/17/brexit-wto-leave-voter.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/wto-rules-world-trade-organisation-brexit-no-deal-explained-a8742746.html) [![Some see WTO rules as a simple landing place post Brexit](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/23/17/brexit-wto-leave-voter.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/wto-rules-world-trade-organisation-brexit-no-deal-explained-a8742746.html) [![Little is black and white when it comes to Brexit](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/09/06/11/un-sustainability-report-5.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/brexit-dairy-exports-milk-northern-ireland-eu-republic-produce-labelling-a8738806.html) [![Will Yvette Cooper’s amendment take no deal off the table?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/17/16/POLITICS-Brexit-160224.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-yvette-cooper-amendment-article-50-extend-backstop-theresa-may-a8738981.html) [![‘What has the EU ever done for us?’](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/18/18/life-of-brian.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/eu-benefits-why-remain-brexit-leave-trade-economic-disadvantages-a8735351.html) [![ Turkey's President Recep Erdoğan has made little progress on EU accession](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/08/13/ap-19008382048116.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-countries-brexit-turkey-leave-campaign-serbia-bosnia-western-balkans-a8735386.html) [![ Turkey's President Recep Erdoğan has made little progress on EU accession](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/08/13/ap-19008382048116.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-countries-brexit-turkey-leave-campaign-serbia-bosnia-western-balkans-a8735386.html) [![Preparing for the worst](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/07/11/test-drive-lorries-no-deal.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/brexit-explained/brexit-no-deal-eu-preparations-france-ireland-netherlands-customs-officers-a8733196.html) [![But when will you get it?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/10/29/17/final-say-march-41.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-referendum-timetable-key-dates-how-long-vote-polls-register-a8731201.html) [![How much sway will the unions have over Brexit?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/09/23/13/INDUSTRY-TUC-161271.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-deal-big-trade-unions-position-explained-theresa-may-eu-unite-unison-gmb-a8723626.html) [![Can anything resolve the Irish border backstop conundrum?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/04/11/sei44141433web.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-deal-irish-border-backstop-stormont-veto-northern-ireland-dup-theresa-may-eu-a8719221.html) [![A second referendum almost certainly cannot happen unless Article 50 is extended or revoked](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/02/15/march-referendum-final-say-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-second-referendum-final-say-peoples-vote-article-50-extension-extend-a8717541.html) [![Caught between a rock and hard place?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/07/15/May-in-Brussels.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/customs-union-single-market-difference-brexit-theresa-may-jeremy-corbyn-a8716061.html) [![Perhaps they do need a holiday after all...](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/12/19/15/bercow-discusses.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-debate-meaningful-vote-christmas-break-no-deal-theresa-may-parliament-a8693576.html) [![Researchers working on treatments for rare diseases among those whose careers remain uncertain](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/19/11/rare-diseases-3.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/brexit-medical-research-clinical-trials-rare-disease-cancer-drugs-eu-funding-final-say-a8712806.html) [![Caught between a rock and hard place?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/07/15/May-in-Brussels.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/customs-union-single-market-difference-brexit-theresa-may-jeremy-corbyn-a8716061.html) [![Perhaps they do need a holiday after all...](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/12/19/15/bercow-discusses.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-debate-meaningful-vote-christmas-break-no-deal-theresa-may-parliament-a8693576.html) [![Researchers working on treatments for rare diseases among those whose careers remain uncertain](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/19/11/rare-diseases-3.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/brexit-medical-research-clinical-trials-rare-disease-cancer-drugs-eu-funding-final-say-a8712806.html) [![Members of the European Parliament take part in a vote on modifications to EU copyright reforms during a voting session at the European Parliament in Strasbourg, France, September 12, 2018](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/09/12/12/euvote.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-latest-delay-meps-european-parliament-second-referendum-peoples-vote-a8713136.html) [![Britain is set to leave the European Union in March 2019](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/04/15/brexit-istock-0.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-cost-government-no-deal-prepare-conservative-divorce-bill-a8711836.html) [![Brexit holds out hope for a greener Britain](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/11/16/16/michael-gove.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/michael-gove-brexit-green-environment-protection-eu-nature-farming-agriculture-a8710106.html) [![Support: hundreds of thousands of voters have marched for another vote](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2019/01/02/15/march-referendum-final-say-1.jpg?quality=75&width=640&crop=3%3A2%2Csmart&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-final-say-second-referendum-jeremy-corbyn-a8707841.html) [![Ms May refers to the ‘implementation period’ after withdrawal, a phrase long-since abandoned by everybody else](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/12/14/14/theresa-may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-latest-transition-period-trade-deals-eu-negotiations-theresa-may-new-years-message-a8706381.html) [![Woody Johnson, the US ambassador to the UK, greets Melania and Donald Trump on their UK visit in July](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/07/12/15/trump-uk-visit-16.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/brexit-trade-deal-us-trump-woody-johnson-ambassador-theresa-may-a8705821.html) [![MPs will return to parliament to vote on Theresa May's Brexit deal, with debates beginning on 9 January and the vote the following week](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/12/18/13/may.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-deal-theresa-may-mps-return-from-recess-christmas-theresa-may-a8704151.html) [![Tailbacks: a vision of post-EU Britain?](https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/05/29/13/rtx1mkc4.jpg?quality=75&width=640&auto=webp)](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-no-deal-uk-ports-dover-calais-problem-food-goods-eu-a8703191.html) ### Thank you for registering Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in
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