🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 178 (from laksa182)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa178.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/travel-vaccines/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/travel-vaccines/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/","crawl_time":1775441653,"first_indexed_time":1728587143,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,immunize!www,\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/ s443","src_root_hash":"15214894206049953578","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Travel Vaccines | Immunize.org","meta_descriptions":["Find travel vaccine resources including a disease directory and links to resources from the CDC, WHO, and international and US travel medicine societies."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"All travelers should be up to date on routine vaccines. Depending on the destination, itinerary, and duration of travel, additional vaccines may be recommended.\nChikungunya\nChikungunya virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms of this acute illness are fever and joint pain. Some travelers at higher risk of exposure to chikungunya virus or at increased risk of severe disease should consider vaccination.\nSee travel information on the chikungunya page\nCholera\nCholera is caused by\nVibrio cholerae\nbacteria and is spread by contaminated food or water. It causes severe watery diarrhea. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers at risk of exposure in areas of active cholera transmission.\nSee travel information on the cholera page\nCOVID-19\nCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which typically spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets and small particles. It occurs worldwide. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date on COVID-19 vaccination.\nSee travel information on the COVID-19 page\nDengue\nDengue viruses are spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Dengue is an acute febrile illness that can have serious complications. Dengue occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions. A vaccine is licensed, but vaccination is not recommended by CDC for travelers.\nSee travel information on the dengue page\nDiphtheria (DTaP, Td, Tdap)\nDiphtheria is a bacterial infection of the skin or respiratory tract spread through respiratory droplets or contact with infected wounds. The disease exists in regions where diphtheria-containing vaccines are not used or where few people get vaccinated. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers who are not up to date can become infected.\nSee travel information on the diphtheria page\nHepatitis A (HepA)\nHepatitis A virus causes acute liver disease. Hepatitis A virus is typically spread through the fecal-oral route, including through contaminated food or water. It is common in many parts of the world. Vaccination of U.S. children is routinely recommended. Unvaccinated travelers should be vaccinated before travel to areas where hepatitis A is common.\nSee travel information on the hepatitis A page\nHepatitis B (HepB)\nHepatitis B virus can cause acute and chronic liver disease, including cancer. The virus is found in the blood and body fluids of infected people. Hepatitis B is found worldwide. CDC recommends vaccination of all people through age 59 years. Unvaccinated travelers should be vaccinated before travel to areas where hepatitis B is common.\nSee travel information on the hepatitis B page\nInfluenza (IIV, RIV, LAIV)\nInfluenza is an acute respiratory viral disease that causes seasonal epidemics during winter months. It occurs worldwide. Annual seasonal vaccination is routinely recommended. Travelers who have not had a current seasonal vaccine should get one before travel.\nSee travel information on the influenza page\nJapanese Encephalitis (JE)\nJE virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito in some parts of Asia and the Western Pacific. Infection may lead to severe disease and death. The risk to most travelers is very low, but vaccine may be recommended for certain travelers based on their destination, itinerary, and duration of travel.\nSee travel information on the Japanese encephalitis page\nMeasles (MMR)\nMeasles virus is highly contagious, spread when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It causes an acute febrile rash illness that can be severe. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Most U.S. measles cases occur among unvaccinated travelers who get infected while traveling internationally and their contacts who are not fully vaccinated.\nSee travel information on the measles page\nMeningococcal Disease (MenACWY)\nMeningococcal disease is a serious bacterial illness spread through close contact with an infected person. It occurs worldwide, but vaccination is recommended for travelers to some parts of the world, such as the “meningitis belt” of Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as travelers to the Hajj or Umrah in Saudi Arabia.\nSee travel information on the meningococcal ACWY page\nMpox\nMpox is caused by the mpox virus and is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact. It was primarily found in central and west Africa, but a global outbreak began in 2022, and it now circulates in many places where it was not previously present. CDC recommends vaccination of people based on behavioral risk factors, not specific destinations.\nSee travel information on the mpox page\nMumps (MMR)\nMumps virus infection is spread by contact with infectious saliva or respiratory droplets. It often causes salivary gland swelling and is common in many parts of the world. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Unvaccinated travelers are at risk.\nSee travel information on the mumps page\nPertussis (DTaP, Tdap)\nPertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial respiratory disease that can cause fits of uncontrollable coughing. It is present worldwide. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date.\nSee travel information on the pertussis page\nPneumococcal Disease (PCV, PPSV)\nPneumococcal disease is a bacterial infection that occurs worldwide. Vaccination of children, people with certain health conditions, and older adults is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date.\nSee travel information on the pneumococcal disease page\nPolio (IPV)\nPolio is a viral infection that affects the nervous system and is spread by fecal-oral transmission. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. All travelers who are not up to date with polio vaccines are at risk. Adult travelers to a polio-affected country who have been previously vaccinated may need a one-time booster.\nSee travel information on the polio page\nRabies\nRabies is a deadly viral neurologic disease. Although any mammal can transmit rabies, dog bites are how most travelers get rabies. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers based on their destination, activities, and duration of travel.\nSee travel information on the rabies page\nRubella (MMR)\nRubella is a viral rash illness that can cause birth defects in infants whose mothers are infected during pregnancy. It has been eliminated through vaccination in South and North America. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Unvaccinated travelers going to areas with rubella can get infected.\nSee travel information on the rubella page\nTick-borne Encephalitis (TBE)\nTBE is a serious viral disease transmitted primarily by the bite of infected ticks in parts of Asia and Europe. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers whose destination and activities put them at risk.\nSee travel information on the tick-borne encephalitis page\nTetanus (DTaP, Td, Tdap)\nTetanus is a disease that causes severe muscle spasms (“lockjaw”) caused by bacteria typically found in soil. It is present worldwide and any unvaccinated person can get it. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date on tetanus vaccination.\nSee travel information on the tetanus page\nTyphoid\nTyphoid fever is caused by a bacteria spread where water and food may be unsafe and sanitation is poor. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers based on their destination and itinerary.\nSee travel information on the typhoid page\nYellow Fever (YFV)\nYellow fever virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito and causes a serious acute illness. It is found in certain parts of South America and Africa. Travelers to areas where yellow fever occurs may be recommended or required to be vaccinated.\nSee travel information on the yellow fever page","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/#primary)\n\n[![Immunize.org Logo](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Immunize.svg)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/)\n\n- [*IZ Express*](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/iz-express\/about\/)\n- [Shop](https:\/\/shop.immunize.org\/)\n- [Donate](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/donate\/)\n- [Guide](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/guide\/)\n\n- [Vaccines & VISs]()\n  - [Vaccines A-ZOur immunization resources organized by vaccine]()\n    - - - [Adenovirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/adenovirus\/)\n        - [Anthrax](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/anthrax\/)\n        - [BCG](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/bcg\/)\n        - [Chikungunya](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/chikungunya\/)\n        - [Cholera](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/cholera\/)\n        - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/covid-19\/)\n        - [Dengue](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/dengue\/)\n        - [Diphtheria](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/diphtheria\/)\n        - [Ebola](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/ebola\/)\n        - [Hepatitis A](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hepa\/)\n        - [Hepatitis B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hepb\/)\n        - [Hib (*Haemophilus Influenzae* type b)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hib\/)\n      - - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hpv\/)\n        - [Influenza](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/influenza\/)\n        - [Japanese Encephalitis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/japanese-encephalitis\/)\n        - [Measles](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/measles\/)\n        - [Meningococcal ACWY](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/menacwy\/)\n        - [Meningococcal B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/menb\/)\n        - [Mpox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/mpox\/)\n        - [Mumps](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/mumps\/)\n        - [Pertussis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/pertussis\/)\n        - [Pneumococcal](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/pneumococcal\/)\n        - [Polio](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/polio\/)\n      - - [Rabies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rabies\/)\n        - [Rotavirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rotavirus\/)\n        - [RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rsv\/)\n        - [Rubella](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rubella\/)\n        - [Smallpox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/smallpox\/)\n        - [TBE (Tick-borne Encephalitis)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/tbe\/)\n        - [Tetanus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/tetanus\/)\n        - [Typhoid](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/typhoid\/)\n        - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/varicella\/)\n        - [Yellow Fever](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/yellow-fever\/)\n        - [Zoster (Shingles)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/zoster\/)\n  - [VISsAccess current Vaccine Information Statements from CDC]()\n    - - - [VISs Overview](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/about-vis\/)\n        - [VIS-Related Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/vis\/)\n        - [Translations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/translations\/)\n        - [Adenovirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/adenovirus\/)\n        - [Anthrax](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/anthrax\/)\n        - [Cholera](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/cholera\/)\n        - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/covid-19\/)\n        - [Dengue](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/dengue\/)\n        - [DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/dtap\/)\n        - [Ebola](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/ebola\/)\n        - [Hib (*Haemophilus Influenzae* type b)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/hib\/)\n        - [Hepatitis A](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/hepa\/)\n        - [Hepatitis B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/hepb\/)\n      - - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/hpv\/)\n        - [Influenza (Inactivated or Recombinant)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/influenza-inactivated\/)\n        - [Influenza (Live Intranasal)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/influenza-live\/)\n        - [Japanese Encephalitis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/japanese-encephalitis\/)\n        - [Meningococcal ACWY](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/menacwy\/)\n        - [Meningococcal B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/menb\/)\n        - [MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/mmr\/)\n        - [MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/mmrv\/)\n        - [Multi-Vaccine](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/multi-vaccine\/)\n        - [PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/pcv\/)\n        - [PPSV (Pneumococcal Polysaccharide)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/ppsv\/)\n        - [Polio](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/polio\/)\n      - - [Rabies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/rabies\/)\n        - [Rotavirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/rotavirus\/)\n        - [RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/rsv\/)\n        - [RSV Preventive Antibody – IIS](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/iis-rsv\/)\n        - [Smallpox\/Monkeypox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/smallpox-mpox\/)\n        - [TBE (Tick-borne Encephalitis)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/tbe\/)\n        - [Td (Tetanus, Diphtheria)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/td\/)\n        - [Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/tdap\/)\n        - [Typhoid](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/typhoid\/)\n        - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/varicella\/)\n        - [Yellow Fever](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/yellow-fever\/)\n        - [Zoster (Shingles)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/zoster\/)\n  - [VIS TranslationsVaccine-specific VISs translated into dozens of languages](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis-translations\/)\n  - [Travel VaccinesInformation about travelers’ health and vaccination](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n  - [Vaccine History TimelineNotable milestones in immunization going back to 400 BC](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vaccine-timeline\/)\n  - [CDC Recommended SchedulesCurrent immunization schedules from CDC](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/rec-schedules\/)\n  - [ACIP Vaccine RecommendationsAs endorsed and published by CDC](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/acip-recs\/)\n- [Clinical Resources]()\n  - [Clinical Resources A-ZOur printable resources designed to help healthcare professionals in all aspects of immunization practice]()\n    - - - [Search All Clinical Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/a-z\/)\n        - [All Patient Handouts](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/a-z\/all-patient\/)\n        - [All Resources for Staff & Providers](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/a-z\/all-providers\/)\n        - [Translations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/translations\/)\n        - [Addressing Vaccination Anxiety](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/addressing-anxiety\/)\n        - [Administering Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/admin-vaccines\/)\n        - [Adolescent Vaccination](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/adolescent-vaccination\/)\n        - [Adult Vaccination](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/adult-vaccination\/)\n        - [Contraindications & Precautions](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/contraindications\/)\n        - [Documenting Vaccination](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/documenting\/)\n        - [Healthcare Personnel](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/healthcare-personnel\/)\n      - - [Managing Vaccine Reactions](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/managing-vaccine-reactions\/)\n        - [Parent Handouts](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/parent-handouts\/)\n        - [Pregnancy and Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/pregnancy-vaccines\/)\n        - [Q\\&As by Diseases and Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/qas\/)\n        - [Schedules for Patients](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/patient-schedules\/)\n        - [Screening Checklists](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/screening-checklists\/)\n        - [Standing Orders Templates](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/standing-orders-templates\/)\n        - [Storage & Handling](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/storage-handling\/)\n        - [Strategies & Policies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/strategies-policies\/)\n        - [Vaccine Confidence](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/vaccine-confidence\/)\n        - [VIS-Related Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/vis\/)\n        - [Vaccine Recommendations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/vaccine-recs\/)\n  - [Vaccine Confidence & Addressing ConcernsPractical resources to help providers respond to patient concerns]()\n    - - - [Vaccine Confidence Overview](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/)\n        - [Addressing Vaccination Anxiety](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/addressing-anxiety\/)\n        - [Adjuvants](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/adjuvants\/)\n        - [Alternative Schedules](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/alt-schedules\/)\n        - [Autism](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/autism\/)\n        - [Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Partner Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/alt-medicine\/)\n        - [Importance of Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/vaccine-importance\/)\n        - [Improving the Vaccination Experience](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/improving-vaccine-experience\/)\n      - - [MMR Vaccine](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/mmr-vaccine\/)\n        - [Religious Concerns](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/religious-concerns\/)\n        - [Responding to Parents](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/responding-parents\/)\n        - [Thimerosal](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/thimerosal\/)\n        - [Unprotected People Stories](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/unprotected-people\/)\n        - [Vaccine Hesitancy](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/vaccine-hesitancy\/)\n        - [Vaccine Safety](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/vaccine-safety\/)\n  - [Image LibraryPhotos related to vaccine-preventable diseases]()\n    - - - [Image Library Overview](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/)\n        - [Anthrax](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/anthrax\/)\n        - [Diphtheria](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/diphtheria\/)\n        - [Hepatitis A](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/hepa\/)\n        - [Hepatitis B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/hepb\/)\n        - [Hib (*Haemophilus Influenzae* type b)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/hib\/)\n        - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/hpv\/)\n        - [Influenza](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/influenza\/)\n      - - [Measles](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/measles\/)\n        - [Meningococcal](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/meningococcal\/)\n        - [Mpox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/mpox\/)\n        - [Mumps](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/mumps\/)\n        - [Pertussis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/pertussis\/)\n        - [Pneumococcal](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/pneumococcal\/)\n        - [Polio](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/polio\/)\n        - [Rabies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/rabies\/)\n        - [Rotavirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/rotavirus\/)\n      - - [Rubella](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/rubella\/)\n        - [Smallpox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/smallpox\/)\n        - [Tetanus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/tetanus\/)\n        - [Vaccination](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/vaccination\/)\n        - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/varicella\/)\n        - [Zoster (Shingles)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/zoster\/)\n  - [External ResourcesContact information and resources for immunization providers]()\n    - - - [Vaccine Manufacturers](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/external\/manufacturers\/)\n        - [Vaccine Apps](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/external\/apps\/)\n        - [Email News Services](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/external\/news-services\/)\n        - [Immunize.org Partners](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/external\/immunize-org-partners\/)\n  - [Webinars & VideosOur library of educational videos and webinar recordings](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/webinar\/)\n- [Ask the Experts]()\n  - [Ask the ExpertsPractical answers to more than a thousand clinical questions about vaccines from our experts]()\n    - - - [Ask the Experts Overview](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/overview\/)\n        - [View All Questions](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/)\n        - [View All Video Questions](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/?q=%5Bvideo%5D)\n    - - - #### Vaccine Topics\n        - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/covid-19\/)\n        - [Dengue](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/dengue\/)\n        - [Diphtheria](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/diphtheria\/)\n        - [Hepatitis A](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/hepa\/)\n        - [Hepatitis B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/hepb\/)\n        - [Hib (*Haemophilus Influenzae* type b)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/hib\/)\n        - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/hpv\/)\n        - [Influenza](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/influenza\/)\n        - [MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/mmr\/)\n        - [Meningococcal ACWY](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/menacwy\/)\n      - - [Meningococcal B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/menb\/)\n        - [Pertussis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/pertussis\/)\n        - [Pneumococcal](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/pneumococcal\/)\n        - [Polio](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/polio\/)\n        - [Rabies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/rabies\/)\n        - [Rotavirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/rotavirus\/)\n        - [RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/rsv\/)\n        - [Tetanus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/tetanus\/)\n        - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/varicella\/)\n        - [Zoster (Shingles)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/zoster\/)\n      - - #### General Topics\n        - [Administering Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/admin-vaccines\/)\n        - [Billing & Reimbursement](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/billing-reimburse\/)\n        - [Combination Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/combo-vaccines\/)\n        - [Contraindications & Precautions](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/contraindications-precautions\/)\n        - [Documenting Vaccination](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/documenting-vaccination\/)\n        - [Scheduling Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/scheduling-vaccines\/)\n        - [Storage & Handling](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/storage-handling\/)\n        - [Travel Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/travel-vaccines\/)\n        - [Vaccine Recommendations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/vaccine-recs\/)\n        - [Vaccine Safety](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/vaccine-safety\/)\n- [Official Guidance]()\n  - [CDCKey CDC resources for immunization providers]()\n    - - - [CDC Recommended Schedules](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/cdc\/rec-schedules\/)\n        - [ACIP Vaccine Recommendations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/cdc\/acip-recs\/vaccines\/)\n        - [Additional CDC Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/cdc\/resources\/)\n  - [FDAFDA vaccine package inserts and related content](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n    - - - [Package Inserts & EUAs](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/fda\/pkg-inserts\/)\n        - [Additional FDA Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/fda\/fda-resources\/)\n  - [StatesState-specific recommendations, school requirements, related state websites and public health contact information]()\n    - - - [School and Childcare Vaccine-Specific Requirements](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/state-policies\/requirements\/)\n        - [School and Childcare Immunization Exemption Policies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/state-policies\/exemptions\/)\n        - [State Immunization Websites](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/state-policies\/state-websites\/)\n        - [State Immunization Recommendations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/state-policies\/state-vaccine-recommendations\/)\n        - [Additional State Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/state-policies\/state-resources\/)\n  - [Healthcare Professional OrganizationsImmunization guidance from groups such as the American Academy of Pediatrics](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/hpo\/)\n    - - - [Recommended Schedules](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/hpo\/rec-schedules)\n        - [Vaccine Recommendations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/hpo\/vax-recs\/vaccine\/)\n  - [WHOPosition papers on vaccines and other vaccine-related resources from the World Health Organization](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/who\/)\n- [News & Updates]()\n  - [IZ Express NewsletterWeekly digest of important immunization news and updates]()\n    - - - [About *IZ Express*](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/iz-express\/about\/)\n        - [Current Issue](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/iz-express\/current-issue\/)\n        - [Browse All Issues](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/iz-express\/all-issues\/)\n  - [What's New on Immunize.orgChronological listing of our website content updates](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/updates\/website\/)\n  - [Official Release RepositoryChronological listing of vaccine-related announcements from FDA, CDC, and ACIP](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/official-release-repository\/acip\/)\n  - [Calendar of EventsImmunization-related events, including national conferences and training programs, plus Immunize.org webinars](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/events\/)\n  - [Publication ArchivesRepository of our publications since 1994, including IAC Express (now IZ Express), Needle Tips, and more](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/history\/overview\/)\n- [About]()\n  - [Our OrganizationLearn about our mission, our people, and our recognition and honors]()\n    - - - [Overview](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/overview\/)\n        - [Our People](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/people\/)\n        - [Board of Directors](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/bod\/)\n        - [Recognition](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/recognition\/)\n        - [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/contact\/)\n  - [Our HistoryLearn about our history and our founder, Deborah L. Wexler, MD. Browse past publications in our archives]()\n    - - - [Our Founder](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/history\/founder\/)\n        - [Publication Archives](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/history\/overview\/)\n        - [Our History Through Film](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/history\/film-history\/)\n  - [Financial SupportView our supporters and learn how to join our corporate membership program]()\n    - - - [Funding](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/financial-support\/funding\/)\n        - [Corporate Membership Program](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/financial-support\/corp-membership\/)\n  - [Recognizing ExcellenceOur honor rolls for institutions with vaccination policies that protect lives, plus our Becky Payne Award recipients]()\n    - - - #### Patient Safety Honor Rolls\n        - [Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/excellence\/honor-rolls\/influenza-vaccination\/)\n        - [Hepatitis B Birth Dose Honor Roll](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/excellence\/honor-rolls\/hepb-birth-dose\/)\n        - [MenB Vaccination Honor Roll](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/excellence\/honor-rolls\/menb-vaccination\/)\n        - [Honor Rolls Honorees](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/excellence\/honor-rolls\/honorees\/)\n      - - [The Immunize.org Becky Payne Award](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/excellence\/becky-payne-award\/)\n  - [MediaInformation for the media, including how to request an interview, past press mentions, and our press releases]()\n    - - - [Press Room](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/media\/press-room\/)\n        - [Press Releases](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/media\/press-room\/#Press-Releases)\n        - [Immunize.org In the News](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/media\/immunize-news\/)\n\nback\n\n- [Vaccines & VISs](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/)\n- [Clinical Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/a-z\/)\n- [Ask the Experts](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n- [Official Guidance](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n- [News & Updates](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n- [About](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/)\n\n- [*IZ Express*](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/iz-express\/about\/)\n- [Shop](https:\/\/shop.immunize.org\/)\n- [Donate](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/donate\/)\n- [Guide](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/guide\/)\n\nVaccines\n\n- [Vaccines A-Z Our immunization resources organized by vaccine](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/)\n  - [Adenovirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/adenovirus\/)\n  - [Anthrax](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/anthrax\/)\n  - [BCG](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/bcg\/)\n  - [Chikungunya](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/chikungunya\/)\n  - [Cholera](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/cholera\/)\n  - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/covid-19\/)\n  - [Dengue](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/dengue\/)\n  - [Diphtheria](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/diphtheria\/)\n  - [Ebola](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/ebola\/)\n  - [Hepatitis A](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hepa\/)\n  - [Hepatitis B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hepb\/)\n  - [Hib (*Haemophilus Influenzae* type b)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hib\/)\n  - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hpv\/)\n  - [Influenza](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/influenza\/)\n  - [Japanese Encephalitis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/japanese-encephalitis\/)\n  - [Measles](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/measles\/)\n  - [Meningococcal ACWY](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/menacwy\/)\n  - [Meningococcal B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/menb\/)\n  - [Mpox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/mpox\/)\n  - [Mumps](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/mumps\/)\n  - [Pertussis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/pertussis\/)\n  - [Pneumococcal](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/pneumococcal\/)\n  - [Polio](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/polio\/)\n  - [Rabies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rabies\/)\n  - [RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rsv\/)\n  - [Rotavirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rotavirus\/)\n  - [Rubella](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rubella\/)\n  - [Smallpox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/smallpox\/)\n  - [Tetanus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/tetanus\/)\n  - [TBE (Tick-borne Encephalitis)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/tbe\/)\n  - [Typhoid](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/typhoid\/)\n  - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/varicella\/)\n  - [Yellow Fever](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/yellow-fever\/)\n  - [Zoster (Shingles)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/zoster\/)\n- [VISs Access current Vaccine Information Statements from CDC](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/about-vis\/)\n  - [VISs Overview](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/about-vis\/)\n  - [VIS-Related Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/vis\/)\n  - [Translations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/translations\/)\n  - [Adenovirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/adenovirus\/)\n  - [Anthrax](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/anthrax\/)\n  - [Cholera](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/cholera\/)\n  - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/covid-19\/)\n  - [Dengue](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/dengue\/)\n  - [DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/dtap\/)\n  - [Ebola](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/ebola\/)\n  - [Hib (*Haemophilus Influenzae* type b)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/hib\/)\n  - [Hepatitis A](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/hepa\/)\n  - [Hepatitis B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/hepb\/)\n  - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/hpv\/)\n  - [Influenza (Inactivated or Recombinant)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/influenza-inactivated\/)\n  - [Influenza (Live Intranasal)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/influenza-live\/)\n  - [Japanese Encephalitis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/japanese-encephalitis\/)\n  - [Meningococcal ACWY](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/menacwy\/)\n  - [Meningococcal B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/menb\/)\n  - [MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/mmr\/)\n  - [MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/mmrv\/)\n  - [Multi-Vaccine](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/multi-vaccine\/)\n  - [PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/pcv\/)\n  - [PPSV (Pneumococcal Polysaccharide)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/ppsv\/)\n  - [Polio](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/polio\/)\n  - [Rabies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/rabies\/)\n  - [Rotavirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/rotavirus\/)\n  - [RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/rsv\/)\n  - [RSV Preventive Antibody – IIS](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/iis-rsv\/)\n  - [Smallpox\/Monkeypox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/smallpox-mpox\/)\n  - [TBE (Tick-borne Encephalitis)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/tbe\/)\n  - [Td (Tetanus, Diphtheria)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/td\/)\n  - [Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/tdap\/)\n  - [Typhoid](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/typhoid\/)\n  - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/varicella\/)\n  - [Yellow Fever](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/yellow-fever\/)\n  - [Zoster (Shingles)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/zoster\/)\n- [VIS Translations Vaccine-specific VISs translated into dozens of languages](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis-translations\/)\n- [Travel Vaccines Information about travelers’ health and vaccination](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n- [Vaccine History Timeline Notable milestones in immunization going back to 400 BC](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vaccine-timeline\/)\n- [CDC Recommended Schedules Current immunization schedules from CDC](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/rec-schedules\/)\n- [ACIP Vaccine Recommendations As endorsed and published by CDC](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/acip-recs\/)\n\nClinical Resources\n\n- [Clinical Resources A-Z Our printable resources designed to help healthcare professionals in all aspects of immunization practice](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/a-z\/)\n  - [Search All Clinical Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/a-z\/)\n  - [All Patient Handouts](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/a-z\/all-patient\/)\n  - [All Resources for Staff & Providers](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/a-z\/all-providers\/)\n  - [Translations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/translations\/)\n  - [By Topic](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n    - [Addressing Vaccination Anxiety](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/addressing-anxiety\/)\n    - [Administering Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/admin-vaccines\/)\n    - [Adolescent Vaccination](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/adolescent-vaccination\/)\n    - [Adult Vaccination](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/adult-vaccination\/)\n    - [Contraindications & Precautions](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/contraindications\/)\n    - [Documenting Vaccination](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/documenting\/)\n    - [Healthcare Personnel](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/healthcare-personnel\/)\n    - [Managing Vaccine Reactions](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/managing-vaccine-reactions\/)\n    - [Parent Handouts](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/parent-handouts\/)\n    - [Pregnancy and Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/pregnancy-vaccines\/)\n    - [Q\\&As by Diseases and Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/qas\/)\n    - [Schedules for Patients](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/patient-schedules\/)\n    - [Screening Checklists](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/screening-checklists\/)\n    - [Standing Orders Templates](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/standing-orders-templates\/)\n    - [Storage & Handling](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/storage-handling\/)\n    - [Strategies & Policies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/strategies-policies\/)\n    - [Vaccine Confidence](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/vaccine-confidence\/)\n    - [VIS-Related Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/vis\/)\n    - [Vaccine Recommendations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/vaccine-recs\/)\n- [Vaccine Confidence & Addressing Concerns Practical resources to help providers respond to patient concerns](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n  - [Vaccine Confidence Overview](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/)\n  - [Adjuvants](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/adjuvants\/)\n  - [Alternative Schedules](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/alt-schedules\/)\n  - [Autism](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/autism\/)\n  - [Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Partner Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/alt-medicine\/)\n  - [Importance of Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/vaccine-importance\/)\n  - [Improving the Vaccination Experience](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/improving-vaccine-experience\/)\n  - [MMR Vaccine](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/mmr-vaccine\/)\n  - [Religious Concerns](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/religious-concerns\/)\n  - [Responding to Parents](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/responding-parents\/)\n  - [Thimerosal](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/thimerosal\/)\n  - [Unprotected People Stories](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/unprotected-people\/)\n  - [Vaccine Hesitancy](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/vaccine-hesitancy\/)\n  - [Vaccine Safety](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/vaccine-confidence\/topic\/vaccine-safety\/)\n- [Image Library Photos related to vaccine-preventable diseases](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/)\n  - [Image Library Overview](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/)\n  - [Anthrax](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/anthrax\/)\n  - [Diphtheria](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/diphtheria\/)\n  - [Hepatitis A](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/hepa\/)\n  - [Hepatitis B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/hepb\/)\n  - [Hib (*Haemophilus Influenzae* type b)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/hib\/)\n  - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/hpv\/)\n  - [Influenza](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/influenza\/)\n  - [Measles](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/measles\/)\n  - [Meningococcal](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/meningococcal\/)\n  - [Mpox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/mpox\/)\n  - [Mumps](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/mumps\/)\n  - [Pertussis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/pertussis\/)\n  - [Pneumococcal](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/pneumococcal\/)\n  - [Polio](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/polio\/)\n  - [Rabies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/rabies\/)\n  - [Rotavirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/rotavirus\/)\n  - [Rubella](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/rubella\/)\n  - [Smallpox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/smallpox\/)\n  - [Tetanus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/tetanus\/)\n  - [Vaccination](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/vaccination\/)\n  - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/varicella\/)\n  - [Zoster (Shingles)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/image-library\/zoster\/)\n- [External Resources Contact information and resources for immunization providers](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/external\/)\n  - [Vaccine Manufacturers](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/external\/manufacturers\/)\n  - [Vaccine Apps](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/external\/apps\/)\n  - [Email News Services](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/external\/news-services\/)\n  - [Immunize.org Partners](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/external\/immunize-org-partners\/)\n- [Webinars & Videos Our library of educational videos and webinar recordings](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/webinar\/)\n\nAsk the Experts\n\n- [Ask the Experts Practical answers to more than a thousand clinical questions about vaccines from our experts](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/)\n  - [Ask the Experts Overview](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/overview\/)\n  - [View All Questions](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/)\n  - [View All Video Questions](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/?q=%5Bvideo%5D)\n  - [By Vaccine](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n    - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/covid-19\/)\n    - [Dengue](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/dengue\/)\n    - [Diphtheria](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/diphtheria\/)\n    - [Hepatitis A](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/hepa\/)\n    - [Hepatitis B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/hepb\/)\n    - [Hib (*Haemophilus Influenzae* type b)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/hib\/)\n    - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/hpv\/)\n    - [Influenza](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/influenza\/)\n    - [MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/mmr\/)\n    - [Meningococcal ACWY](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/menacwy\/)\n    - [Meningococcal B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/menb\/)\n    - [Pertussis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/pertussis\/)\n    - [Pneumococcal](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/pneumococcal\/)\n    - [Polio](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/polio\/)\n    - [Rabies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/rabies\/)\n    - [Rotavirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/rotavirus\/)\n    - [RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/rsv\/)\n    - [Tetanus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/tetanus\/)\n    - [Typhoid](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/typhoid\/)\n    - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/varicella\/)\n    - [Yellow Fever](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/yellow-fever\/)\n    - [Zoster (Shingles)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/zoster\/)\n  - [By Topic](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n    - [Administering Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/admin-vaccines\/)\n    - [Billing & Reimbursement](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/billing-reimburse\/)\n    - [Combination Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/combo-vaccines\/)\n    - [Contraindications & Precautions](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/contraindications-precautions\/)\n    - [Documenting Vaccination](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/documenting-vaccination\/)\n    - [Scheduling Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/scheduling-vaccines\/)\n    - [Storage & Handling](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/storage-handling\/)\n    - [Travel Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/travel-vaccines\/)\n    - [Vaccine Recommendations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/vaccine-recs\/)\n    - [Vaccine Safety](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/ask-experts\/topic\/vaccine-safety\/)\n\nOfficial Guidance\n\n- [CDC Key CDC resources for immunization providers](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/cdc\/)\n  - [CDC Recommended Schedules](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/cdc\/rec-schedules\/)\n  - [ACIP Vaccine Recommendations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/cdc\/acip-recs\/vaccines\/)\n  - [Additional CDC Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/cdc\/resources\/)\n- [FDA FDA vaccine package inserts and related content](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n  - [Package Inserts & EUAs](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/fda\/pkg-inserts\/)\n  - [Additional FDA Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/fda\/fda-resources\/)\n- [States State-specific recommendations, school requirements, related state websites and public health contact information](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n  - [School and Childcare Vaccine-Specific Requirements](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/state-policies\/requirements\/)\n  - [School and Childcare Immunization Exemption Policies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/state-policies\/exemptions\/)\n  - [State Immunization Websites](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/state-policies\/state-websites\/)\n  - [State Immunization Recommendations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/state-policies\/state-vaccine-recommendations\/)\n  - [Additional State Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/state-policies\/state-resources\/)\n- [Healthcare Professional Organizations Immunization guidance from groups such as the American Academy of Pediatrics](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/hpo\/)\n  - [Recommended Schedules](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/hpo\/rec-schedules)\n  - [Vaccine Recommendations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/hpo\/vax-recs\/vaccine\/)\n- [WHO Position papers on vaccines and other vaccine-related resources from the World Health Organization](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/official-guidance\/who\/)\n\nNews & Updates\n\n- [IZ Express Newsletter Weekly digest of important immunization news and updates](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/iz-express\/all-issues\/)\n  - [About *IZ Express*](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/iz-express\/about\/)\n  - [Current Issue](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/iz-express\/current-issue\/)\n  - [Browse All Issues](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/iz-express\/all-issues\/)\n- [What’s New on Immunize.org Chronological listing of our website content updates](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/updates\/website\/)\n- [Official Release Repository Chronological listing of vaccine-related announcements from FDA, CDC, and ACIP](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/news\/official-release-repository\/acip\/)\n- [Calendar of Events Immunization-related events, including national conferences and training programs, plus Immunize.org webinars](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/events\/)\n- [Publication Archives Repository of our publications since 1994, including IAC Express (now IZ Express), Needle Tips, and more](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/history\/overview\/)\n\nAbout\n\n- [Our Organization Learn about our mission, our people, and our recognition and honors](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/)\n  - [Overview](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/overview\/)\n  - [Our People](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/people\/)\n  - [Board of Directors](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/bod\/)\n  - [Recognition](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/recognition\/)\n  - [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/contact\/)\n- [Our History Learn about our history and our founder, Deborah L. Wexler, MD. Browse past publications in our archives](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/history\/)\n  - [Our Founder](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/history\/founder\/)\n  - [All Publication Archives](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/history\/overview\/)\n  - [Our History Through Film](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/history\/film-history\/)\n- [Financial Support View our supporters and learn how to join our corporate membership program](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/financial-support\/)\n  - [Funding](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/financial-support\/funding\/)\n  - [Corporate Membership Program](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/financial-support\/corp-membership\/)\n- [Recognizing Excellence Our honor rolls for institutions with vaccination policies that protect lives, plus our Becky Payne Award recipients](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/excellence\/)\n  - [Patient Safety Honor Rolls](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n    - [Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/excellence\/honor-rolls\/influenza-vaccination\/)\n    - [Hepatitis B Birth Dose Honor Roll](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/excellence\/honor-rolls\/hepb-birth-dose\/)\n    - [MenB Vaccination Honor Roll](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/excellence\/honor-rolls\/menb-vaccination\/)\n    - [Honor Rolls Honorees](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/excellence\/honor-rolls\/honorees\/)\n  - [The Immunize.org Becky Payne Award](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/excellence\/becky-payne-award\/)\n- [Media Information for the media, including how to request an interview, past press mentions, and our press releases](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/media\/)\n  - [Press Room](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/media\/press-room\/)\n  - [Press Releases](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/media\/press-room\/#Press-Releases)\n  - [Immunize.org In the News](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/media\/immunize-news\/)\n\n[Home](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/) \/ [Vaccines & VISs](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/) \/ Travel Vaccines\n\n# Travel Vaccines\nAll travelers should be up to date on routine vaccines. Depending on the destination, itinerary, and duration of travel, additional vaccines may be recommended.\n\n## Key Resources\n### CDC Resources\n[CDC Travelers’ Health](https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel)\n\nThe home page for CDC travelers’ health information. Search for recommendations related to specific destinations, including vaccinations, malaria prophylaxis, and prevention of foodborne and vector-borne diseases.\n\n- [CDC Travel Health Notices](https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/notices)  \n   See a list of all active travel health notices for all destinations\n- [CDC Find a Clinic](https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/page\/find-clinic)  \n   Search for public health and private clinics that administer travel vaccines. This list is not comprehensive.\n- [CDC Yellow Fever Vaccination Clinics](https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/yellow-fever-vaccination-clinics\/search)  \n   Locate facilities in each state authorized to administer yellow fever vaccine. Facilities listed also typically offer other travel vaccinations.\n\n[*CDC Yellow Book: Health Information for International Travel*](https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/page\/yellowbook-home)\n\nThe key resource for healthcare professionals providing care to international travelers. It compiles the US government’s most current travel health guidelines, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts.\n\n- [CDC Yellow Book Resources](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/yellow-book\/hcp\/contents\/index.html)  \n   This page connects to a wide range of travel resources for clinicians in the following categories:\n  - [Contact information for clinicians](https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/page\/yellow-book-resources#clinician) needing CDC assistance with the prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of travel-related diseases\n  - [Yellow Book maps](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/yellow-book\/hcp\/maps\/index.html)\n  - [Travel medicine resources](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/yellow-book\/hcp\/preparing-international-travelers\/travel-medicine-resources-for-healthcare-professionals.html)\n  - [Travel-associated diseases](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/yellow-book\/hcp\/travel-associated-infections-diseases\/index.html)\n  - [Travel vaccines and medicines](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/yellow-book\/hcp\/preparing-international-travelers\/vaccination-and-immunoprophylaxis-general-principles.html)\n  - [Pre- and post-travel evaluation resources](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/yellow-book\/hcp\/post-travel-evaluation\/index.html)\n- [Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prevention Information, by Country](https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/yellowbook\/2024\/preparing\/yellow-fever-vaccine-malaria-prevention-by-country)  \n   Country-specific information on yellow fever vaccine requirements and recommendations, and malaria transmission information and prevention recommendations. Country-specific maps are included here.\n- [Vaccination & Immunoprophylaxis – General Principles](https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/yellowbook\/2024\/preparing\/vaccination-and-immunoprophylaxis-general-principles)  \n   Specific considerations for immunization of travelers\n- [Immunocompromised travelers](https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/yellowbook\/2024\/additional-considerations\/immunocompromised-travelers)  \n   Specific considerations for immunocompromised travelers\n- [Pregnant travelers](https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/yellowbook\/2024\/family\/pregnant-travelers)  \n   Specific considerations for traveling while pregnant\n\n### Non-Governmental Resources\n[World Health Organization Travel Advice – Vaccines](https:\/\/www.who.int\/travel-advice\/vaccines)\n\nThis site provides WHO recommendations and considerations for travel vaccination, including some vaccines not licensed or recommended in the United States.\n\n[International Society of Travel Medicine (ISTM)](https:\/\/www.istm.org\/)\n\nThis global professional membership society offers training and certification, in addition to health information for travelers.\n\n- [Global Travel Clinic Directory](https:\/\/www.istm.org\/clinic-directory\/)  \n   Search for travel medicine clinics in the United States and around the world.\n- [Education & Resources](https:\/\/www.istm.org\/education-resources\/)  \n   Access ISTM resources open to healthcare professionals who want to learn more about travel medicine\n\n[American Society for Tropical Medicine (ASTM)](https:\/\/www.astmh.org\/)\n\nThis professional membership society offers training and resources for healthcare professionals.\n\n- [Education & Resources](https:\/\/www.astmh.org\/education-resources)  \n   Access ASTM resources for healthcare professionals\n\n## Disease Directory\nChikungunya\n\nChikungunya virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms of this acute illness are fever and joint pain. Some travelers at higher risk of exposure to chikungunya virus or at increased risk of severe disease should consider vaccination.\n\n[See travel information on the chikungunya page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/chikungunya\/#Travel)\n\nCholera\n\nCholera is caused by *Vibrio cholerae* bacteria and is spread by contaminated food or water. It causes severe watery diarrhea. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers at risk of exposure in areas of active cholera transmission.\n\n[See travel information on the cholera page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/cholera\/#Travel)\n\nCOVID-19\n\nCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which typically spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets and small particles. It occurs worldwide. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date on COVID-19 vaccination.\n\n[See travel information on the COVID-19 page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/covid-19\/#Travel)\n\nDengue\n\nDengue viruses are spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Dengue is an acute febrile illness that can have serious complications. Dengue occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions. A vaccine is licensed, but vaccination is not recommended by CDC for travelers.\n\n[See travel information on the dengue page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/dengue\/#Travel)\n\nDiphtheria (DTaP, Td, Tdap)\n\nDiphtheria is a bacterial infection of the skin or respiratory tract spread through respiratory droplets or contact with infected wounds. The disease exists in regions where diphtheria-containing vaccines are not used or where few people get vaccinated. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers who are not up to date can become infected.\n\n[See travel information on the diphtheria page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/diphtheria\/#Travel)\n\nHepatitis A (HepA)\n\nHepatitis A virus causes acute liver disease. Hepatitis A virus is typically spread through the fecal-oral route, including through contaminated food or water. It is common in many parts of the world. Vaccination of U.S. children is routinely recommended. Unvaccinated travelers should be vaccinated before travel to areas where hepatitis A is common.\n\n[See travel information on the hepatitis A page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hepa\/#Travel)\n\nHepatitis B (HepB)\n\nHepatitis B virus can cause acute and chronic liver disease, including cancer. The virus is found in the blood and body fluids of infected people. Hepatitis B is found worldwide. CDC recommends vaccination of all people through age 59 years. Unvaccinated travelers should be vaccinated before travel to areas where hepatitis B is common.\n\n[See travel information on the hepatitis B page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hepb\/#Travel)\n\nInfluenza (IIV, RIV, LAIV)\n\nInfluenza is an acute respiratory viral disease that causes seasonal epidemics during winter months. It occurs worldwide. Annual seasonal vaccination is routinely recommended. Travelers who have not had a current seasonal vaccine should get one before travel.\n\n[See travel information on the influenza page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/influenza\/#Travel)\n\nJapanese Encephalitis (JE)\n\nJE virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito in some parts of Asia and the Western Pacific. Infection may lead to severe disease and death. The risk to most travelers is very low, but vaccine may be recommended for certain travelers based on their destination, itinerary, and duration of travel.\n\n[See travel information on the Japanese encephalitis page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/japanese-encephalitis\/#Travel)\n\nMeasles (MMR)\n\nMeasles virus is highly contagious, spread when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It causes an acute febrile rash illness that can be severe. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Most U.S. measles cases occur among unvaccinated travelers who get infected while traveling internationally and their contacts who are not fully vaccinated.\n\n[See travel information on the measles page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/measles\/#Travel)\n\nMeningococcal Disease (MenACWY)\n\nMeningococcal disease is a serious bacterial illness spread through close contact with an infected person. It occurs worldwide, but vaccination is recommended for travelers to some parts of the world, such as the “meningitis belt” of Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as travelers to the Hajj or Umrah in Saudi Arabia.\n\n[See travel information on the meningococcal ACWY page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/menacwy\/#Travel)\n\nMpox\n\nMpox is caused by the mpox virus and is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact. It was primarily found in central and west Africa, but a global outbreak began in 2022, and it now circulates in many places where it was not previously present. CDC recommends vaccination of people based on behavioral risk factors, not specific destinations.\n\n[See travel information on the mpox page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/mpox\/#Travel)\n\nMumps (MMR)\n\nMumps virus infection is spread by contact with infectious saliva or respiratory droplets. It often causes salivary gland swelling and is common in many parts of the world. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Unvaccinated travelers are at risk.\n\n[See travel information on the mumps page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/mumps\/#Travel)\n\nPertussis (DTaP, Tdap)\n\nPertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial respiratory disease that can cause fits of uncontrollable coughing. It is present worldwide. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date.\n\n[See travel information on the pertussis page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/pertussis\/#Travel)\n\nPneumococcal Disease (PCV, PPSV)\n\nPneumococcal disease is a bacterial infection that occurs worldwide. Vaccination of children, people with certain health conditions, and older adults is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date.\n\n[See travel information on the pneumococcal disease page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/pneumococcal\/#Travel)\n\nPolio (IPV)\n\nPolio is a viral infection that affects the nervous system and is spread by fecal-oral transmission. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. All travelers who are not up to date with polio vaccines are at risk. Adult travelers to a polio-affected country who have been previously vaccinated may need a one-time booster.\n\n[See travel information on the polio page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/polio\/#Travel)\n\nRabies\n\nRabies is a deadly viral neurologic disease. Although any mammal can transmit rabies, dog bites are how most travelers get rabies. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers based on their destination, activities, and duration of travel.\n\n[See travel information on the rabies page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rabies\/#Travel)\n\nRubella (MMR)\n\nRubella is a viral rash illness that can cause birth defects in infants whose mothers are infected during pregnancy. It has been eliminated through vaccination in South and North America. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Unvaccinated travelers going to areas with rubella can get infected.\n\n[See travel information on the rubella page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rubella\/#Travel)\n\nTick-borne Encephalitis (TBE)\n\nTBE is a serious viral disease transmitted primarily by the bite of infected ticks in parts of Asia and Europe. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers whose destination and activities put them at risk.\n\n[See travel information on the tick-borne encephalitis page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/tbe\/#Travel)\n\nTetanus (DTaP, Td, Tdap)\n\nTetanus is a disease that causes severe muscle spasms (“lockjaw”) caused by bacteria typically found in soil. It is present worldwide and any unvaccinated person can get it. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date on tetanus vaccination.\n\n[See travel information on the tetanus page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/tetanus\/#Travel)\n\nTyphoid\n\nTyphoid fever is caused by a bacteria spread where water and food may be unsafe and sanitation is poor. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers based on their destination and itinerary.\n\n[See travel information on the typhoid page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/typhoid\/#Travel)\n\nYellow Fever (YFV)\n\nYellow fever virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito and causes a serious acute illness. It is found in certain parts of South America and Africa. Travelers to areas where yellow fever occurs may be recommended or required to be vaccinated.\n\n[See travel information on the yellow fever page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/yellow-fever\/#Travel)\n\nThis page was updated on October 11, 2024 .\n\n- [Vaccines A-Z](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/)\n  - [Adenovirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/adenovirus\/)\n  - [Anthrax](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/anthrax\/)\n  - [BCG](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/bcg\/)\n  - [Chikungunya](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/chikungunya\/)\n  - [Cholera](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/cholera\/)\n  - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/covid-19\/)\n  - [Dengue](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/dengue\/)\n  - [Diphtheria](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/diphtheria\/)\n  - [Ebola](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/ebola\/)\n  - [Hepatitis A](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hepa\/)\n  - [Hepatitis B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hepb\/)\n    - [All Hepatitis B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hepb\/)\n    - [Give Birth to the End of Hep B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hepb\/end-hepb\/)\n  - [Hib (*Haemophilus influenzae* type b)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hib\/)\n  - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hpv\/)\n  - [Influenza](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/influenza\/)\n  - [Japanese Encephalitis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/japanese-encephalitis\/)\n  - [Measles](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/measles\/)\n  - [Meningococcal ACWY](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/menacwy\/)\n  - [Meningococcal B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/menb\/)\n  - [Mpox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/mpox\/)\n  - [Mumps](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/mumps\/)\n  - [Pertussis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/pertussis\/)\n  - [Pneumococcal](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/pneumococcal\/)\n  - [Polio](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/polio\/)\n  - [Rabies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rabies\/)\n  - [RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rsv\/)\n  - [Rotavirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rotavirus\/)\n  - [Rubella](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rubella\/)\n  - [Smallpox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/smallpox\/)\n  - [Tetanus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/tetanus\/)\n  - [TBE (Tick-borne Encephalitis)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/tbe\/)\n  - [Typhoid](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/typhoid\/)\n  - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/varicella\/)\n  - [Yellow Fever](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/yellow-fever\/)\n  - [Zoster (Shingles)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/zoster\/)\n- [VISs](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/about-vis\/)\n  - [VISs Overview](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/about-vis\/)\n  - [VIS-Related Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/clinical\/topic\/vis\/)\n  - [Translations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/translations\/)\n  - [Adenovirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/adenovirus\/)\n  - [Anthrax](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/anthrax\/)\n  - [Cholera](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/cholera\/)\n  - [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/covid-19\/)\n  - [Dengue](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/dengue\/)\n  - [DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/dtap\/)\n  - [Ebola](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/ebola\/)\n  - [Hib (*Haemophilus Influenzae* type b)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/hib\/)\n  - [Hepatitis A](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/hepa\/)\n  - [Hepatitis B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/hepb\/)\n  - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/hpv\/)\n  - [Influenza (Inactivated or Recombinant)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/influenza-inactivated\/)\n  - [Influenza (Live Intranasal)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/influenza-live\/)\n  - [Japanese Encephalitis](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/japanese-encephalitis\/)\n  - [Meningococcal ACWY](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/menacwy\/)\n  - [Meningococcal B](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/menb\/)\n  - [MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/mmr\/)\n  - [MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/mmrv\/)\n  - [Multi-Vaccine](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/multi-vaccine\/)\n  - [PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/pcv\/)\n  - [PPSV (Pneumococcal Polysaccharide)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/ppsv\/)\n  - [Polio](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/polio\/)\n  - [Rabies](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/rabies\/)\n  - [Rotavirus](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/rotavirus\/)\n  - [RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/rsv\/)\n  - [RSV Preventive Antibody – Immunization Information Statement (IIS)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/iis-rsv\/)\n  - [Smallpox\/Monkeypox](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/smallpox-mpox\/)\n  - [TBE (Tick-borne Encephalitis)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/tbe\/)\n  - [Td (Tetanus, Diphtheria)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/td\/)\n  - [Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/tdap\/)\n  - [Typhoid](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/typhoid\/)\n  - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/varicella\/)\n  - [Yellow Fever](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/yellow-fever\/)\n  - [Zoster (Shingles)](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis\/zoster\/)\n- [VIS Translations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vis-translations\/)\n- [Travel Vaccines](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/)\n- [Vaccine History Timeline](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/vaccine-timeline\/)\n- [CDC Recommended Schedules](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/rec-schedules\/)\n- [ACIP Vaccine Recommendations](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/acip-recs\/)\n\n#### On This Page\n##### Key Resources\n- [CDC Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/#CDC-Resources)\n- [Non-Governmental-Resources](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/#Non-Governmental-Resources)\n\n- [Disease Directory](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/#Disease-Directory)\n\n- [Back to Top](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/vaccines\/travel-vaccines\/#page)\n\n### Our Affiliated Sites\n[**For the Public:** VaccineInformation.org](https:\/\/vaccineinformation.org\/)\n\n[**For Coalitions:** ImmunizationCoalitions.org](https:\/\/immunizationcoalitions.org\/)\n\n[Let's Get Real Information about pediatric vaccines for parents and providers.](https:\/\/www.letsgetrealaboutvaccines.org\/)\n\n[65+ Flu Defense Protect vulnerable, older adult patients from influenza.](https:\/\/www.influenza-defense.org\/)\n\n[Give2MenACWY.org Improve protection from meningococcal serogroups ACWY.](https:\/\/www.give2menacwy.org\/)\n\n[NAIIS Home of the National Adult and Influenza Immunization Summit.](https:\/\/www.izsummitpartners.org\/)\n\n![](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/icons\/immunize.org-logo-white.svg)\n\nSave Lives. Immunize.\n\n- [“Facebook](https:\/\/facebook.com\/ImmunizeOrg)\n- [“Instagram](https:\/\/instagram.com\/immunizeorg\/)\n- [“YouTube](https:\/\/youtube.com\/user\/ImmunizationAction\/)\n\n#### About\n- [Our Mission](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/overview\/)\n- [Our People](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/people\/)\n- [Press Room](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/media\/press-room\/)\n- [Review Process](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/content-review\/)\n- [Legal Disclaimer](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/disclaimer\/)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/privacy-policy\/)\n\n#### Support Our Work\n- [Shop](https:\/\/shop.immunize.org\/)\n- [Donate](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/donate\/)\n\n#### Contact\n[Contact us online](https:\/\/www.immunize.org\/about\/org\/contact\/)\n\n2136 Ford Parkway  \n Suite 5011  \n Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55116\n\n**T:** 651-647-9009\n\n**F:** 651-647-9131\n\n#### Subscribe to *IZ Express*\nWeekly news from Immunize.org delivered free to your inbox\n\nThis website is supported in part by a cooperative agreement from the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (Grant No. NH23IP922654) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, GA. The website content is the sole responsibility of Immunize.org and does not necessarily represent the official views of CDC.\n\nCopyright © 2026 Immunize.org","attrs_readable_markdown":"All travelers should be up to date on routine vaccines. Depending on the destination, itinerary, and duration of travel, additional vaccines may be recommended.\n\nChikungunya\n\nChikungunya virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms of this acute illness are fever and joint pain. Some travelers at higher risk of exposure to chikungunya virus or at increased risk of severe disease should consider vaccination.\n\n[See travel information on the chikungunya page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/chikungunya\/#Travel)\n\nCholera\n\nCholera is caused by *Vibrio cholerae* bacteria and is spread by contaminated food or water. It causes severe watery diarrhea. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers at risk of exposure in areas of active cholera transmission.\n\n[See travel information on the cholera page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/cholera\/#Travel)\n\nCOVID-19\n\nCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which typically spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets and small particles. It occurs worldwide. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date on COVID-19 vaccination.\n\n[See travel information on the COVID-19 page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/covid-19\/#Travel)\n\nDengue\n\nDengue viruses are spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Dengue is an acute febrile illness that can have serious complications. Dengue occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions. A vaccine is licensed, but vaccination is not recommended by CDC for travelers.\n\n[See travel information on the dengue page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/dengue\/#Travel)\n\nDiphtheria (DTaP, Td, Tdap)\n\nDiphtheria is a bacterial infection of the skin or respiratory tract spread through respiratory droplets or contact with infected wounds. The disease exists in regions where diphtheria-containing vaccines are not used or where few people get vaccinated. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers who are not up to date can become infected.\n\n[See travel information on the diphtheria page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/diphtheria\/#Travel)\n\nHepatitis A (HepA)\n\nHepatitis A virus causes acute liver disease. Hepatitis A virus is typically spread through the fecal-oral route, including through contaminated food or water. It is common in many parts of the world. Vaccination of U.S. children is routinely recommended. Unvaccinated travelers should be vaccinated before travel to areas where hepatitis A is common.\n\n[See travel information on the hepatitis A page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hepa\/#Travel)\n\nHepatitis B (HepB)\n\nHepatitis B virus can cause acute and chronic liver disease, including cancer. The virus is found in the blood and body fluids of infected people. Hepatitis B is found worldwide. CDC recommends vaccination of all people through age 59 years. Unvaccinated travelers should be vaccinated before travel to areas where hepatitis B is common.\n\n[See travel information on the hepatitis B page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/hepb\/#Travel)\n\nInfluenza (IIV, RIV, LAIV)\n\nInfluenza is an acute respiratory viral disease that causes seasonal epidemics during winter months. It occurs worldwide. Annual seasonal vaccination is routinely recommended. Travelers who have not had a current seasonal vaccine should get one before travel.\n\n[See travel information on the influenza page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/influenza\/#Travel)\n\nJapanese Encephalitis (JE)\n\nJE virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito in some parts of Asia and the Western Pacific. Infection may lead to severe disease and death. The risk to most travelers is very low, but vaccine may be recommended for certain travelers based on their destination, itinerary, and duration of travel.\n\n[See travel information on the Japanese encephalitis page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/japanese-encephalitis\/#Travel)\n\nMeasles (MMR)\n\nMeasles virus is highly contagious, spread when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It causes an acute febrile rash illness that can be severe. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Most U.S. measles cases occur among unvaccinated travelers who get infected while traveling internationally and their contacts who are not fully vaccinated.\n\n[See travel information on the measles page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/measles\/#Travel)\n\nMeningococcal Disease (MenACWY)\n\nMeningococcal disease is a serious bacterial illness spread through close contact with an infected person. It occurs worldwide, but vaccination is recommended for travelers to some parts of the world, such as the “meningitis belt” of Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as travelers to the Hajj or Umrah in Saudi Arabia.\n\n[See travel information on the meningococcal ACWY page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/menacwy\/#Travel)\n\nMpox\n\nMpox is caused by the mpox virus and is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact. It was primarily found in central and west Africa, but a global outbreak began in 2022, and it now circulates in many places where it was not previously present. CDC recommends vaccination of people based on behavioral risk factors, not specific destinations.\n\n[See travel information on the mpox page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/mpox\/#Travel)\n\nMumps (MMR)\n\nMumps virus infection is spread by contact with infectious saliva or respiratory droplets. It often causes salivary gland swelling and is common in many parts of the world. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Unvaccinated travelers are at risk.\n\n[See travel information on the mumps page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/mumps\/#Travel)\n\nPertussis (DTaP, Tdap)\n\nPertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial respiratory disease that can cause fits of uncontrollable coughing. It is present worldwide. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date.\n\n[See travel information on the pertussis page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/pertussis\/#Travel)\n\nPneumococcal Disease (PCV, PPSV)\n\nPneumococcal disease is a bacterial infection that occurs worldwide. Vaccination of children, people with certain health conditions, and older adults is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date.\n\n[See travel information on the pneumococcal disease page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/pneumococcal\/#Travel)\n\nPolio (IPV)\n\nPolio is a viral infection that affects the nervous system and is spread by fecal-oral transmission. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. All travelers who are not up to date with polio vaccines are at risk. Adult travelers to a polio-affected country who have been previously vaccinated may need a one-time booster.\n\n[See travel information on the polio page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/polio\/#Travel)\n\nRabies\n\nRabies is a deadly viral neurologic disease. Although any mammal can transmit rabies, dog bites are how most travelers get rabies. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers based on their destination, activities, and duration of travel.\n\n[See travel information on the rabies page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rabies\/#Travel)\n\nRubella (MMR)\n\nRubella is a viral rash illness that can cause birth defects in infants whose mothers are infected during pregnancy. It has been eliminated through vaccination in South and North America. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Unvaccinated travelers going to areas with rubella can get infected.\n\n[See travel information on the rubella page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/rubella\/#Travel)\n\nTick-borne Encephalitis (TBE)\n\nTBE is a serious viral disease transmitted primarily by the bite of infected ticks in parts of Asia and Europe. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers whose destination and activities put them at risk.\n\n[See travel information on the tick-borne encephalitis page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/tbe\/#Travel)\n\nTetanus (DTaP, Td, Tdap)\n\nTetanus is a disease that causes severe muscle spasms (“lockjaw”) caused by bacteria typically found in soil. It is present worldwide and any unvaccinated person can get it. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date on tetanus vaccination.\n\n[See travel information on the tetanus page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/tetanus\/#Travel)\n\nTyphoid\n\nTyphoid fever is caused by a bacteria spread where water and food may be unsafe and sanitation is poor. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers based on their destination and itinerary.\n\n[See travel information on the typhoid page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/typhoid\/#Travel)\n\nYellow Fever (YFV)\n\nYellow fever virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito and causes a serious acute illness. It is found in certain parts of South America and Africa. Travelers to areas where yellow fever occurs may be recommended or required to be vaccinated.\n\n[See travel information on the yellow fever page](https:\/\/immunize.org\/vaccines\/a-z\/yellow-fever\/#Travel)","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/travel-vaccines/
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Meta Title	Travel Vaccines \| Immunize.org
Meta Description	Find travel vaccine resources including a disease directory and links to resources from the CDC, WHO, and international and US travel medicine societies.
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Boilerpipe Text	All travelers should be up to date on routine vaccines. Depending on the destination, itinerary, and duration of travel, additional vaccines may be recommended. Chikungunya Chikungunya virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms of this acute illness are fever and joint pain. Some travelers at higher risk of exposure to chikungunya virus or at increased risk of severe disease should consider vaccination. See travel information on the chikungunya page Cholera Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria and is spread by contaminated food or water. It causes severe watery diarrhea. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers at risk of exposure in areas of active cholera transmission. See travel information on the cholera page COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which typically spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets and small particles. It occurs worldwide. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date on COVID-19 vaccination. See travel information on the COVID-19 page Dengue Dengue viruses are spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Dengue is an acute febrile illness that can have serious complications. Dengue occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions. A vaccine is licensed, but vaccination is not recommended by CDC for travelers. See travel information on the dengue page Diphtheria (DTaP, Td, Tdap) Diphtheria is a bacterial infection of the skin or respiratory tract spread through respiratory droplets or contact with infected wounds. The disease exists in regions where diphtheria-containing vaccines are not used or where few people get vaccinated. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers who are not up to date can become infected. See travel information on the diphtheria page Hepatitis A (HepA) Hepatitis A virus causes acute liver disease. Hepatitis A virus is typically spread through the fecal-oral route, including through contaminated food or water. It is common in many parts of the world. Vaccination of U.S. children is routinely recommended. Unvaccinated travelers should be vaccinated before travel to areas where hepatitis A is common. See travel information on the hepatitis A page Hepatitis B (HepB) Hepatitis B virus can cause acute and chronic liver disease, including cancer. The virus is found in the blood and body fluids of infected people. Hepatitis B is found worldwide. CDC recommends vaccination of all people through age 59 years. Unvaccinated travelers should be vaccinated before travel to areas where hepatitis B is common. See travel information on the hepatitis B page Influenza (IIV, RIV, LAIV) Influenza is an acute respiratory viral disease that causes seasonal epidemics during winter months. It occurs worldwide. Annual seasonal vaccination is routinely recommended. Travelers who have not had a current seasonal vaccine should get one before travel. See travel information on the influenza page Japanese Encephalitis (JE) JE virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito in some parts of Asia and the Western Pacific. Infection may lead to severe disease and death. The risk to most travelers is very low, but vaccine may be recommended for certain travelers based on their destination, itinerary, and duration of travel. See travel information on the Japanese encephalitis page Measles (MMR) Measles virus is highly contagious, spread when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It causes an acute febrile rash illness that can be severe. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Most U.S. measles cases occur among unvaccinated travelers who get infected while traveling internationally and their contacts who are not fully vaccinated. See travel information on the measles page Meningococcal Disease (MenACWY) Meningococcal disease is a serious bacterial illness spread through close contact with an infected person. It occurs worldwide, but vaccination is recommended for travelers to some parts of the world, such as the “meningitis belt” of Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as travelers to the Hajj or Umrah in Saudi Arabia. See travel information on the meningococcal ACWY page Mpox Mpox is caused by the mpox virus and is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact. It was primarily found in central and west Africa, but a global outbreak began in 2022, and it now circulates in many places where it was not previously present. CDC recommends vaccination of people based on behavioral risk factors, not specific destinations. See travel information on the mpox page Mumps (MMR) Mumps virus infection is spread by contact with infectious saliva or respiratory droplets. It often causes salivary gland swelling and is common in many parts of the world. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Unvaccinated travelers are at risk. See travel information on the mumps page Pertussis (DTaP, Tdap) Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial respiratory disease that can cause fits of uncontrollable coughing. It is present worldwide. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date. See travel information on the pertussis page Pneumococcal Disease (PCV, PPSV) Pneumococcal disease is a bacterial infection that occurs worldwide. Vaccination of children, people with certain health conditions, and older adults is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date. See travel information on the pneumococcal disease page Polio (IPV) Polio is a viral infection that affects the nervous system and is spread by fecal-oral transmission. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. All travelers who are not up to date with polio vaccines are at risk. Adult travelers to a polio-affected country who have been previously vaccinated may need a one-time booster. See travel information on the polio page Rabies Rabies is a deadly viral neurologic disease. Although any mammal can transmit rabies, dog bites are how most travelers get rabies. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers based on their destination, activities, and duration of travel. See travel information on the rabies page Rubella (MMR) Rubella is a viral rash illness that can cause birth defects in infants whose mothers are infected during pregnancy. It has been eliminated through vaccination in South and North America. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Unvaccinated travelers going to areas with rubella can get infected. See travel information on the rubella page Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE) TBE is a serious viral disease transmitted primarily by the bite of infected ticks in parts of Asia and Europe. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers whose destination and activities put them at risk. See travel information on the tick-borne encephalitis page Tetanus (DTaP, Td, Tdap) Tetanus is a disease that causes severe muscle spasms (“lockjaw”) caused by bacteria typically found in soil. It is present worldwide and any unvaccinated person can get it. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date on tetanus vaccination. See travel information on the tetanus page Typhoid Typhoid fever is caused by a bacteria spread where water and food may be unsafe and sanitation is poor. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers based on their destination and itinerary. See travel information on the typhoid page Yellow Fever (YFV) Yellow fever virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito and causes a serious acute illness. It is found in certain parts of South America and Africa. Travelers to areas where yellow fever occurs may be recommended or required to be vaccinated. See travel information on the yellow fever page
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[VIS Translations Vaccine-specific VISs translated into dozens of languages](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis-translations/) - [Travel Vaccines Information about travelers’ health and vaccination](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/travel-vaccines/) - [Vaccine History Timeline Notable milestones in immunization going back to 400 BC](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vaccine-timeline/) - [CDC Recommended Schedules Current immunization schedules from CDC](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/rec-schedules/) - [ACIP Vaccine Recommendations As endorsed and published by CDC](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/acip-recs/) Clinical Resources - [Clinical Resources A-Z Our printable resources designed to help healthcare professionals in all aspects of immunization practice](https://www.immunize.org/clinical/a-z/) - [Search All Clinical Resources](https://www.immunize.org/clinical/a-z/) - [All Patient Handouts](https://www.immunize.org/clinical/a-z/all-patient/) - [All Resources for Staff & Providers](https://www.immunize.org/clinical/a-z/all-providers/) - 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[Polio](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/polio/) - [Rabies](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/rabies/) - [Rotavirus](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/rotavirus/) - [RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/rsv/) - [Tetanus](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/tetanus/) - [Typhoid](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/typhoid/) - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/varicella/) - [Yellow Fever](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/yellow-fever/) - [Zoster (Shingles)](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/zoster/) - [By Topic](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/travel-vaccines/) - [Administering Vaccines](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/admin-vaccines/) - [Billing & Reimbursement](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/billing-reimburse/) - [Combination Vaccines](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/combo-vaccines/) - [Contraindications & Precautions](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/contraindications-precautions/) - [Documenting Vaccination](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/documenting-vaccination/) - [Scheduling Vaccines](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/scheduling-vaccines/) - [Storage & Handling](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/storage-handling/) - [Travel Vaccines](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/travel-vaccines/) - [Vaccine Recommendations](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/vaccine-recs/) - [Vaccine Safety](https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/vaccine-safety/) Official Guidance - [CDC Key CDC resources for immunization providers](https://www.immunize.org/official-guidance/cdc/) - [CDC Recommended Schedules](https://www.immunize.org/official-guidance/cdc/rec-schedules/) - [ACIP Vaccine Recommendations](https://www.immunize.org/official-guidance/cdc/acip-recs/vaccines/) - [Additional CDC Resources](https://www.immunize.org/official-guidance/cdc/resources/) - [FDA FDA vaccine package inserts and related content](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/travel-vaccines/) - 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Depending on the destination, itinerary, and duration of travel, additional vaccines may be recommended. ## Key Resources ### CDC Resources [CDC Travelers’ Health](https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel) The home page for CDC travelers’ health information. Search for recommendations related to specific destinations, including vaccinations, malaria prophylaxis, and prevention of foodborne and vector-borne diseases. - [CDC Travel Health Notices](https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices) See a list of all active travel health notices for all destinations - [CDC Find a Clinic](https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/find-clinic) Search for public health and private clinics that administer travel vaccines. This list is not comprehensive. - [CDC Yellow Fever Vaccination Clinics](https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellow-fever-vaccination-clinics/search) Locate facilities in each state authorized to administer yellow fever vaccine. Facilities listed also typically offer other travel vaccinations. [CDC Yellow Book: Health Information for International Travel](https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/yellowbook-home) The key resource for healthcare professionals providing care to international travelers. It compiles the US government’s most current travel health guidelines, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. - [CDC Yellow Book Resources](https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/contents/index.html) This page connects to a wide range of travel resources for clinicians in the following categories: - [Contact information for clinicians](https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/yellow-book-resources#clinician) needing CDC assistance with the prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of travel-related diseases - [Yellow Book maps](https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/maps/index.html) - [Travel medicine resources](https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/preparing-international-travelers/travel-medicine-resources-for-healthcare-professionals.html) - [Travel-associated diseases](https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/index.html) - [Travel vaccines and medicines](https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/preparing-international-travelers/vaccination-and-immunoprophylaxis-general-principles.html) - [Pre- and post-travel evaluation resources](https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/post-travel-evaluation/index.html) - [Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prevention Information, by Country](https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/preparing/yellow-fever-vaccine-malaria-prevention-by-country) Country-specific information on yellow fever vaccine requirements and recommendations, and malaria transmission information and prevention recommendations. Country-specific maps are included here. - [Vaccination & Immunoprophylaxis – General Principles](https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/preparing/vaccination-and-immunoprophylaxis-general-principles) Specific considerations for immunization of travelers - [Immunocompromised travelers](https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/additional-considerations/immunocompromised-travelers) Specific considerations for immunocompromised travelers - [Pregnant travelers](https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/family/pregnant-travelers) Specific considerations for traveling while pregnant ### Non-Governmental Resources [World Health Organization Travel Advice – Vaccines](https://www.who.int/travel-advice/vaccines) This site provides WHO recommendations and considerations for travel vaccination, including some vaccines not licensed or recommended in the United States. [International Society of Travel Medicine (ISTM)](https://www.istm.org/) This global professional membership society offers training and certification, in addition to health information for travelers. - [Global Travel Clinic Directory](https://www.istm.org/clinic-directory/) Search for travel medicine clinics in the United States and around the world. - [Education & Resources](https://www.istm.org/education-resources/) Access ISTM resources open to healthcare professionals who want to learn more about travel medicine [American Society for Tropical Medicine (ASTM)](https://www.astmh.org/) This professional membership society offers training and resources for healthcare professionals. - [Education & Resources](https://www.astmh.org/education-resources) Access ASTM resources for healthcare professionals ## Disease Directory Chikungunya Chikungunya virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms of this acute illness are fever and joint pain. Some travelers at higher risk of exposure to chikungunya virus or at increased risk of severe disease should consider vaccination. [See travel information on the chikungunya page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/chikungunya/#Travel) Cholera Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria and is spread by contaminated food or water. It causes severe watery diarrhea. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers at risk of exposure in areas of active cholera transmission. [See travel information on the cholera page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/cholera/#Travel) COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which typically spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets and small particles. It occurs worldwide. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date on COVID-19 vaccination. [See travel information on the COVID-19 page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/covid-19/#Travel) Dengue Dengue viruses are spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Dengue is an acute febrile illness that can have serious complications. Dengue occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions. A vaccine is licensed, but vaccination is not recommended by CDC for travelers. [See travel information on the dengue page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/dengue/#Travel) Diphtheria (DTaP, Td, Tdap) Diphtheria is a bacterial infection of the skin or respiratory tract spread through respiratory droplets or contact with infected wounds. The disease exists in regions where diphtheria-containing vaccines are not used or where few people get vaccinated. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers who are not up to date can become infected. [See travel information on the diphtheria page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/diphtheria/#Travel) Hepatitis A (HepA) Hepatitis A virus causes acute liver disease. Hepatitis A virus is typically spread through the fecal-oral route, including through contaminated food or water. It is common in many parts of the world. Vaccination of U.S. children is routinely recommended. Unvaccinated travelers should be vaccinated before travel to areas where hepatitis A is common. [See travel information on the hepatitis A page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/hepa/#Travel) Hepatitis B (HepB) Hepatitis B virus can cause acute and chronic liver disease, including cancer. The virus is found in the blood and body fluids of infected people. Hepatitis B is found worldwide. CDC recommends vaccination of all people through age 59 years. Unvaccinated travelers should be vaccinated before travel to areas where hepatitis B is common. [See travel information on the hepatitis B page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/hepb/#Travel) Influenza (IIV, RIV, LAIV) Influenza is an acute respiratory viral disease that causes seasonal epidemics during winter months. It occurs worldwide. Annual seasonal vaccination is routinely recommended. Travelers who have not had a current seasonal vaccine should get one before travel. [See travel information on the influenza page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/influenza/#Travel) Japanese Encephalitis (JE) JE virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito in some parts of Asia and the Western Pacific. Infection may lead to severe disease and death. The risk to most travelers is very low, but vaccine may be recommended for certain travelers based on their destination, itinerary, and duration of travel. [See travel information on the Japanese encephalitis page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/japanese-encephalitis/#Travel) Measles (MMR) Measles virus is highly contagious, spread when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It causes an acute febrile rash illness that can be severe. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Most U.S. measles cases occur among unvaccinated travelers who get infected while traveling internationally and their contacts who are not fully vaccinated. [See travel information on the measles page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/measles/#Travel) Meningococcal Disease (MenACWY) Meningococcal disease is a serious bacterial illness spread through close contact with an infected person. It occurs worldwide, but vaccination is recommended for travelers to some parts of the world, such as the “meningitis belt” of Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as travelers to the Hajj or Umrah in Saudi Arabia. [See travel information on the meningococcal ACWY page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/menacwy/#Travel) Mpox Mpox is caused by the mpox virus and is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact. It was primarily found in central and west Africa, but a global outbreak began in 2022, and it now circulates in many places where it was not previously present. CDC recommends vaccination of people based on behavioral risk factors, not specific destinations. [See travel information on the mpox page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/mpox/#Travel) Mumps (MMR) Mumps virus infection is spread by contact with infectious saliva or respiratory droplets. It often causes salivary gland swelling and is common in many parts of the world. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Unvaccinated travelers are at risk. [See travel information on the mumps page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/mumps/#Travel) Pertussis (DTaP, Tdap) Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial respiratory disease that can cause fits of uncontrollable coughing. It is present worldwide. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date. [See travel information on the pertussis page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/pertussis/#Travel) Pneumococcal Disease (PCV, PPSV) Pneumococcal disease is a bacterial infection that occurs worldwide. Vaccination of children, people with certain health conditions, and older adults is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date. [See travel information on the pneumococcal disease page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/pneumococcal/#Travel) Polio (IPV) Polio is a viral infection that affects the nervous system and is spread by fecal-oral transmission. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. All travelers who are not up to date with polio vaccines are at risk. Adult travelers to a polio-affected country who have been previously vaccinated may need a one-time booster. [See travel information on the polio page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/polio/#Travel) Rabies Rabies is a deadly viral neurologic disease. Although any mammal can transmit rabies, dog bites are how most travelers get rabies. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers based on their destination, activities, and duration of travel. [See travel information on the rabies page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/rabies/#Travel) Rubella (MMR) Rubella is a viral rash illness that can cause birth defects in infants whose mothers are infected during pregnancy. It has been eliminated through vaccination in South and North America. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Unvaccinated travelers going to areas with rubella can get infected. [See travel information on the rubella page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/rubella/#Travel) Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE) TBE is a serious viral disease transmitted primarily by the bite of infected ticks in parts of Asia and Europe. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers whose destination and activities put them at risk. [See travel information on the tick-borne encephalitis page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/tbe/#Travel) Tetanus (DTaP, Td, Tdap) Tetanus is a disease that causes severe muscle spasms (“lockjaw”) caused by bacteria typically found in soil. It is present worldwide and any unvaccinated person can get it. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date on tetanus vaccination. [See travel information on the tetanus page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/tetanus/#Travel) Typhoid Typhoid fever is caused by a bacteria spread where water and food may be unsafe and sanitation is poor. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers based on their destination and itinerary. [See travel information on the typhoid page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/typhoid/#Travel) Yellow Fever (YFV) Yellow fever virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito and causes a serious acute illness. It is found in certain parts of South America and Africa. Travelers to areas where yellow fever occurs may be recommended or required to be vaccinated. [See travel information on the yellow fever page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/yellow-fever/#Travel) This page was updated on October 11, 2024 . - [Vaccines A-Z](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/) - [Adenovirus](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/adenovirus/) - [Anthrax](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/anthrax/) - [BCG](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/bcg/) - [Chikungunya](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/chikungunya/) - [Cholera](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/cholera/) - [COVID-19](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/covid-19/) - [Dengue](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/dengue/) - [Diphtheria](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/diphtheria/) - [Ebola](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/ebola/) - [Hepatitis A](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/hepa/) - [Hepatitis B](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/hepb/) - [All Hepatitis B](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/hepb/) - [Give Birth to the End of Hep B](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/hepb/end-hepb/) - [Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/hib/) - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/hpv/) - [Influenza](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/influenza/) - [Japanese Encephalitis](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/japanese-encephalitis/) - [Measles](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/measles/) - [Meningococcal ACWY](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/menacwy/) - [Meningococcal B](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/menb/) - [Mpox](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/mpox/) - [Mumps](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/mumps/) - [Pertussis](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/pertussis/) - [Pneumococcal](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/pneumococcal/) - [Polio](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/polio/) - [Rabies](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/rabies/) - [RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/rsv/) - [Rotavirus](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/rotavirus/) - [Rubella](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/rubella/) - [Smallpox](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/smallpox/) - [Tetanus](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/tetanus/) - [TBE (Tick-borne Encephalitis)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/tbe/) - [Typhoid](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/typhoid/) - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/varicella/) - [Yellow Fever](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/yellow-fever/) - [Zoster (Shingles)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/zoster/) - [VISs](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/about-vis/) - [VISs Overview](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/about-vis/) - [VIS-Related Resources](https://www.immunize.org/clinical/topic/vis/) - [Translations](https://www.immunize.org/translations/) - [Adenovirus](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/adenovirus/) - [Anthrax](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/anthrax/) - [Cholera](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/cholera/) - [COVID-19](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/covid-19/) - [Dengue](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/dengue/) - [DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/dtap/) - [Ebola](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/ebola/) - [Hib (Haemophilus Influenzae type b)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/hib/) - [Hepatitis A](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/hepa/) - [Hepatitis B](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/hepb/) - [HPV (Human Papillomavirus)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/hpv/) - [Influenza (Inactivated or Recombinant)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/influenza-inactivated/) - [Influenza (Live Intranasal)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/influenza-live/) - [Japanese Encephalitis](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/japanese-encephalitis/) - [Meningococcal ACWY](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/menacwy/) - [Meningococcal B](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/menb/) - [MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/mmr/) - [MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/mmrv/) - [Multi-Vaccine](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/multi-vaccine/) - [PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/pcv/) - [PPSV (Pneumococcal Polysaccharide)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/ppsv/) - [Polio](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/polio/) - [Rabies](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/rabies/) - [Rotavirus](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/rotavirus/) - [RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/rsv/) - [RSV Preventive Antibody – Immunization Information Statement (IIS)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/iis-rsv/) - [Smallpox/Monkeypox](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/smallpox-mpox/) - [TBE (Tick-borne Encephalitis)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/tbe/) - [Td (Tetanus, Diphtheria)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/td/) - [Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/tdap/) - [Typhoid](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/typhoid/) - [Varicella (Chickenpox)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/varicella/) - [Yellow Fever](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/yellow-fever/) - [Zoster (Shingles)](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis/zoster/) - [VIS Translations](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vis-translations/) - [Travel Vaccines](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/travel-vaccines/) - [Vaccine History Timeline](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/vaccine-timeline/) - [CDC Recommended Schedules](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/rec-schedules/) - [ACIP Vaccine Recommendations](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/acip-recs/) #### On This Page ##### Key Resources - [CDC Resources](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/travel-vaccines/#CDC-Resources) - [Non-Governmental-Resources](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/travel-vaccines/#Non-Governmental-Resources) - [Disease Directory](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/travel-vaccines/#Disease-Directory) - [Back to Top](https://www.immunize.org/vaccines/travel-vaccines/#page) ### Our Affiliated Sites [For the Public: VaccineInformation.org](https://vaccineinformation.org/) [For Coalitions: ImmunizationCoalitions.org](https://immunizationcoalitions.org/) [Let's Get Real Information about pediatric vaccines for parents and providers.](https://www.letsgetrealaboutvaccines.org/) [65+ Flu Defense Protect vulnerable, older adult patients from influenza.](https://www.influenza-defense.org/) [Give2MenACWY.org Improve protection from meningococcal serogroups ACWY.](https://www.give2menacwy.org/) [NAIIS Home of the National Adult and Influenza Immunization Summit.](https://www.izsummitpartners.org/) ![](https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/icons/immunize.org-logo-white.svg) Save Lives. 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Readable Markdown	All travelers should be up to date on routine vaccines. Depending on the destination, itinerary, and duration of travel, additional vaccines may be recommended. Chikungunya Chikungunya virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms of this acute illness are fever and joint pain. Some travelers at higher risk of exposure to chikungunya virus or at increased risk of severe disease should consider vaccination. [See travel information on the chikungunya page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/chikungunya/#Travel) Cholera Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria and is spread by contaminated food or water. It causes severe watery diarrhea. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers at risk of exposure in areas of active cholera transmission. [See travel information on the cholera page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/cholera/#Travel) COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which typically spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets and small particles. It occurs worldwide. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date on COVID-19 vaccination. [See travel information on the COVID-19 page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/covid-19/#Travel) Dengue Dengue viruses are spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Dengue is an acute febrile illness that can have serious complications. Dengue occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions. A vaccine is licensed, but vaccination is not recommended by CDC for travelers. [See travel information on the dengue page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/dengue/#Travel) Diphtheria (DTaP, Td, Tdap) Diphtheria is a bacterial infection of the skin or respiratory tract spread through respiratory droplets or contact with infected wounds. The disease exists in regions where diphtheria-containing vaccines are not used or where few people get vaccinated. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers who are not up to date can become infected. [See travel information on the diphtheria page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/diphtheria/#Travel) Hepatitis A (HepA) Hepatitis A virus causes acute liver disease. Hepatitis A virus is typically spread through the fecal-oral route, including through contaminated food or water. It is common in many parts of the world. Vaccination of U.S. children is routinely recommended. Unvaccinated travelers should be vaccinated before travel to areas where hepatitis A is common. [See travel information on the hepatitis A page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/hepa/#Travel) Hepatitis B (HepB) Hepatitis B virus can cause acute and chronic liver disease, including cancer. The virus is found in the blood and body fluids of infected people. Hepatitis B is found worldwide. CDC recommends vaccination of all people through age 59 years. Unvaccinated travelers should be vaccinated before travel to areas where hepatitis B is common. [See travel information on the hepatitis B page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/hepb/#Travel) Influenza (IIV, RIV, LAIV) Influenza is an acute respiratory viral disease that causes seasonal epidemics during winter months. It occurs worldwide. Annual seasonal vaccination is routinely recommended. Travelers who have not had a current seasonal vaccine should get one before travel. [See travel information on the influenza page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/influenza/#Travel) Japanese Encephalitis (JE) JE virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito in some parts of Asia and the Western Pacific. Infection may lead to severe disease and death. The risk to most travelers is very low, but vaccine may be recommended for certain travelers based on their destination, itinerary, and duration of travel. [See travel information on the Japanese encephalitis page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/japanese-encephalitis/#Travel) Measles (MMR) Measles virus is highly contagious, spread when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It causes an acute febrile rash illness that can be severe. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Most U.S. measles cases occur among unvaccinated travelers who get infected while traveling internationally and their contacts who are not fully vaccinated. [See travel information on the measles page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/measles/#Travel) Meningococcal Disease (MenACWY) Meningococcal disease is a serious bacterial illness spread through close contact with an infected person. It occurs worldwide, but vaccination is recommended for travelers to some parts of the world, such as the “meningitis belt” of Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as travelers to the Hajj or Umrah in Saudi Arabia. [See travel information on the meningococcal ACWY page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/menacwy/#Travel) Mpox Mpox is caused by the mpox virus and is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact. It was primarily found in central and west Africa, but a global outbreak began in 2022, and it now circulates in many places where it was not previously present. CDC recommends vaccination of people based on behavioral risk factors, not specific destinations. [See travel information on the mpox page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/mpox/#Travel) Mumps (MMR) Mumps virus infection is spread by contact with infectious saliva or respiratory droplets. It often causes salivary gland swelling and is common in many parts of the world. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Unvaccinated travelers are at risk. [See travel information on the mumps page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/mumps/#Travel) Pertussis (DTaP, Tdap) Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial respiratory disease that can cause fits of uncontrollable coughing. It is present worldwide. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date. [See travel information on the pertussis page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/pertussis/#Travel) Pneumococcal Disease (PCV, PPSV) Pneumococcal disease is a bacterial infection that occurs worldwide. Vaccination of children, people with certain health conditions, and older adults is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date. [See travel information on the pneumococcal disease page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/pneumococcal/#Travel) Polio (IPV) Polio is a viral infection that affects the nervous system and is spread by fecal-oral transmission. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. All travelers who are not up to date with polio vaccines are at risk. Adult travelers to a polio-affected country who have been previously vaccinated may need a one-time booster. [See travel information on the polio page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/polio/#Travel) Rabies Rabies is a deadly viral neurologic disease. Although any mammal can transmit rabies, dog bites are how most travelers get rabies. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers based on their destination, activities, and duration of travel. [See travel information on the rabies page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/rabies/#Travel) Rubella (MMR) Rubella is a viral rash illness that can cause birth defects in infants whose mothers are infected during pregnancy. It has been eliminated through vaccination in South and North America. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Unvaccinated travelers going to areas with rubella can get infected. [See travel information on the rubella page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/rubella/#Travel) Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE) TBE is a serious viral disease transmitted primarily by the bite of infected ticks in parts of Asia and Europe. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers whose destination and activities put them at risk. [See travel information on the tick-borne encephalitis page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/tbe/#Travel) Tetanus (DTaP, Td, Tdap) Tetanus is a disease that causes severe muscle spasms (“lockjaw”) caused by bacteria typically found in soil. It is present worldwide and any unvaccinated person can get it. Vaccination is routinely recommended in the United States. Travelers should be up to date on tetanus vaccination. [See travel information on the tetanus page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/tetanus/#Travel) Typhoid Typhoid fever is caused by a bacteria spread where water and food may be unsafe and sanitation is poor. Vaccination is recommended for certain travelers based on their destination and itinerary. [See travel information on the typhoid page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/typhoid/#Travel) Yellow Fever (YFV) Yellow fever virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito and causes a serious acute illness. It is found in certain parts of South America and Africa. Travelers to areas where yellow fever occurs may be recommended or required to be vaccinated. [See travel information on the yellow fever page](https://immunize.org/vaccines/a-z/yellow-fever/#Travel)
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