🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 121 (from laksa184)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa121.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs","crawl_time":1775692466,"first_indexed_time":1716974201,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,helpguide!www,\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs s443","src_root_hash":"10679577116146527521","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Depression Symptoms: Spot the Warning Signs of Depression","meta_descriptions":["Are you depressed? Here are some of the signs and symptoms of depression to look for—and how depression symptoms can vary by age, gender, and other factors."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Depression\nDepression Signs and Symptoms\nRecognizing and Understanding Depression\nLast updated on February 17, 2026\nAre you depressed? Here are some of the signs of depression to look for—and how symptoms can vary according to your age, gender, and other factors.\nWhat is depression?\nDepression is a mood disorder that involves a sense of deep and persistent sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness. It can weigh down your motivation, self-esteem, and ability to experience pleasure in your daily life.\nFeeling down from time to time is a normal part of life, but when emotions such as hopelessness and despair take hold and just won’t go away, you may have clinical depression.\nMore than just sadness in response to life’s struggles and setbacks, depression changes how you think, feel, and function in daily activities. Depression symptoms can interfere with your ability to work, study, eat, sleep, and enjoy life. Just trying to get through the day can be overwhelming.\nWhile some people describe depression as “living in a black hole” or having a feeling of impending doom, others feel lifeless, empty, and apathetic. Men in particular can feel angry and restless. However you experience the problem, left untreated, it can become a serious health condition. But it’s important to remember that feelings of helplessness and hopelessness are symptoms of depression—not the reality of your situation.\nNo matter how hopeless you feel, you can get better. By recognizing the different symptoms of depression, you can take the first steps to feeling better and overcoming the problem.\nDepression varies from person to person, but there are some common signs and symptoms. It’s important to remember that these symptoms can be part of life’s normal lows. But the more symptoms you have, the stronger they are, and the longer they’ve lasted—the more likely it is that you’re dealing with depression.\n10 common depression symptoms\nFeelings of helplessness and hopelessness.\nA bleak outlook—nothing will ever get better, and there’s nothing you can do to improve your situation.\nLoss of interest in daily activities.\nYou don’t care anymore about former hobbies, pastimes, social activities, or sex. You’ve\nlost your ability to feel pleasure\nand joy.\nAppetite or weight changes.\nSignificant weight loss or weight gain—a change of more than 5 percent of body weight in a month.\nSleep changes.\nEither\ninsomnia\n, especially waking in the early hours of the morning, or oversleeping.\nAnger or irritability.\nFeeling agitated, restless, or even violent. Your tolerance level is low, your temper short, and everything and everyone gets on your nerves.\nLoss of energy.\nFeeling fatigued, sluggish, and physically drained. Your whole body may feel heavy, and even small tasks are exhausting or take longer to complete.\nSelf-loathing.\nStrong feelings of worthlessness or guilt. You harshly criticize yourself for perceived faults and mistakes.\nReckless behavior.\nYou engage in escapist behavior such as substance abuse,\ncompulsive gambling\n, reckless driving, or dangerous sports.\nConcentration problems.\nTrouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things.\nUnexplained aches and pains.\nAn increase in physical complaints such as headaches, back pain, aching muscles, and stomach pain.\nDepression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults.\nDepression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults.\nAm I depressed?\nTake our\ndepression quiz\nto find out:\nQuiz\nDepression Test\nDepression symptoms in teens and children\nIt’s not uncommon for young people to be a little moody or reckless. This can be especially true for teens, who are going through a confusing period of change. However, depression in young people runs deeper than the typical challenges of adolescence.\nDepression in teens\nand children might include symptoms such as:\nIrritability and rebellious behavior, such as acting out in class. \nSpending less time with friends. \nDisinterest in their usual hobbies. \nIncreased indecisiveness and decreased ability to concentrate. \nChanges in appetite and sleeping patterns.\nDepression symptoms in older adults\nDepression in older adults\ncan often be mistaken for grief. For instance, they might be grieving the loss of independence or the end of a long, successful career. In addition, depressed older adults might not necessarily vocalize sadness. Instead, they tend to show the following symptoms:\nEmotional numbness.  \nIncreased aches and pains.\nDizziness.\nMemory problems.\nSelf-isolating, or not leaving the house.\nDepression symptoms by gender\nDepression symptoms can differ between men and women due to a combination of biological and social factors. For instance, differences in brain circuitry and sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, can affect emotions and mood. Gender norms, social pressures, and behavioral differences likely also play a role. For example, men are less likely to show emotional vulnerability due to ideas of masculinity, while women may be more likely to share their symptoms.\nMen\nDepressed men\nare less likely to acknowledge feelings of self-loathing and hopelessness. Instead, they tend to complain about fatigue, irritability, sleep problems, and loss of interest in work and hobbies. They’re also more likely to experience symptoms such as anger, aggression, reckless behavior, and substance abuse.\nWomen\nWomen are more likely to experience symptoms such as pronounced feelings of guilt, excessive sleeping, overeating, and weight gain.\nDepression in women\nis also impacted by hormonal factors during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. In fact,\npostpartum depression\naffects up to one in seven women following childbirth. The risk of this mood disorder doubles when there’s a family history of it.\nSpeak to a Licensed Provider\nTalkiatry is a virtual psychiatry platform that specializes in the treatment of anxiety, depression, ADHD, OCD, child and adolescent care, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and pregnancy and postpartum issues.\nTake Assessment\nHelpGuide is user supported. We earn a commission if you sign up for Talkiatry’s services after clicking through from this site.\nLearn more\nIs it depression or anxiety?\nWhile anxiety and depression are different conditions, they stem from the same biological vulnerability so often go hand-in-hand. Anxiety can both appear as a symptom of depression or it can trigger depression in the first place. In fact, studies suggest that as many as\n50 percent\nof people with major depression may also suffer from an anxiety disorder.\nSome of the symptoms of the two conditions can also look very similar, making it difficult to distinguish between the conditions. Irritability, anger, unexplained aches and pains, and changes in energy, focus, and sleeping patterns can occur in both depression and anxiety. Even the persistent dark, negative thoughts commonly associated with depression can look a lot like the endless worry of anxiety.\n[Read: Anxiety Disorders and Anxiety Attacks]\nHowever, there are also some marked differences. While the symptoms of both depression and anxiety can look very different in different people, the following may help to distinguish between the conditions:\nIn depression without anxiety, you’re likely to feel sluggish and lifeless with little motivation to do anything. In depression with anxiety, you’re more likely to feel tense and jittery with a racing mind.\nIn depression without anxiety, you may feel hopeless and helpless about what you see as an inevitably bleak future. In depression with anxiety, you’re more likely to worry over and over about what the future holds, feeling frightened and nervous, but thinking that your worry may hold the key to easing those fears.\nIf you recognize symptoms of anxiety co-occurring with your depression, it’s important to seek treatment for both conditions. Since they’re so closely related, a lot of the self-help and treatment options that work for anxiety will also help manage symptoms of depression.\nDepression vs bipolar disorder (manic depression)\nBipolar disorder\n, also known as manic depression, involves serious shifts in moods, energy, thinking, and behavior. Because it looks so similar to depression when in the low phase, it is often overlooked and misdiagnosed. This can be a serious problem, as taking\nantidepressants\nfor bipolar disorder can actually make the condition\nworse\n.\nIf you’ve ever gone through phases where you experienced excessive feelings of euphoria, a decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior, consider getting evaluated for bipolar disorder.\nOther conditions that can mimic depression symptoms\nAnxiety and bipolar disorder aren’t the only conditions that can be mistaken for depression. Just as depression can be triggered by other health problems, there are also mental and medical conditions that can mimic the symptoms of depression. These include:\nAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)\n. Symptoms such as restlessness, trouble concentrating and staying focused, irritability, and a loss of motivation can occur in both depression and ADHD. Even if your\nADHD symptoms\nweren’t recognized in childhood, that doesn’t mean they’re not impacting you as an adult.     \nChronic fatigue syndrome or long COVID\n. Persistent fatigue, changes to your sleep patterns, and difficulty focusing could also point to chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis) or\nlong-haul COVID\n, where the effects of COVID-19 linger even when you’re no longer testing positive for the virus. While there is still a lot that medical professionals don’t fully understand about these conditions, there are still things you can do to ease symptoms and improve how you feel.\nParkinson’s disease\n. The lack of energy, slow movements, and changes to mood and memory that often accompany\nParkinson’s disease\ncan look a lot like depression symptoms in older adults.\nFibromyalgia\n. The widespread musculoskeletal pain of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is often accompanied by sleep, fatigue, and mood changes that can be mistaken for depression. Other sources of\nchronic pain\ncan also leave you feeling hopeless and exhausted.\nOther physical conditions,\n such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, anemia, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and vitamin D deficiency, can also trigger depression-like symptoms.\nBlood tests and other screening methods from a healthcare professional can help identify if these conditions are causing your symptoms.\nDepression symptoms and suicide risk\nDepression is a major risk factor for suicide. Deep despair and hopelessness can make suicide feel like the only way to escape the pain. If you have a loved one with depression or a history of depression, take any suicidal talk or behavior seriously and watch for the warning signs:\nTalking about killing or harming oneself.\nExpressing strong feelings of hopelessness or being trapped.\nAn unusual preoccupation with death or dying.\nActing recklessly, as if they have a death wish (e.g., speeding through red lights).\nCalling or visiting people to say goodbye.\nGetting affairs in order (giving away prized possessions, tying up loose ends).\nSaying things like “Everyone would be better off without me,” or “I want out.”\nA sudden switch from being extremely down to acting calm and happy.\nIf you think a friend or family member is considering suicide,\nexpress your concern and seek help immediately\n. Talking openly about suicidal thoughts and feelings can save a life.\nIf you are feeling suicidal…\nWhen you’re feeling suicidal, your problems don’t seem temporary—they seem overwhelming and permanent. But with time, you will feel better, especially if you get help. There are many people who want to support you during this difficult time, so please reach out!\nRead\nAre You Feeling Suicidal?\n, call\n988\nin the U.S., or visit\nIASP\nor\nSuicide.org\nto find a helpline in your country.\nWhen to get help\nWhen your depressed mood shows no signs of lifting, or you notice that it’s interfering with your daily functioning, don’t hesitate to reach out to a mental health professional. Here are a few reasons why you might seek help for a depressive disorder:\nA lack of motivation consistently keeps you from getting to work on time.\nYou self-isolate and avoid spending time with loved ones. \nIrritability leads to you lashing out at friends. \nYou feel stuck in a state of fatigue but can never seem to fall asleep at night. \nA lack of appetite is leading to low energy levels.\nDifficulty concentrating is reducing your work quality.\nYou ruminate about self-harm, or you don’t feel like life is worth living.\nOf course, you don’t have to wait for symptoms of severe depression to emerge before you seek help. Any time you’re struggling with persistent feelings of sadness, it’s wise to talk to a mental health professional. We tested and reviewed the\nbest online psychiatry platforms\nif virtual visits best meet your needs.\nNext step\nIn addition to age and gender, depression symptoms can also vary according to the type or severity of your depression. Understanding the type of depression you’re dealing with can help to find the most effective ways to overcome the problem and start to feel better again. Read:\nDepression Types and Causes\n.\nMore Information\nBelmaker, R. H., & Agam, G. (2008). Major Depressive Disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(1), 55–68.\nLink\nKessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H. G., Shahly, V., Bromet, E., Hwang, I., McLaughlin, K. A., Sampson, N., Andrade, L. H., Girolamo, G. de, Demyttenaere, K., Haro, J. M., Karam, A. N., Kostyuchenko, S., Kovess, V., Lara, C., Levinson, D., Matschinger, H., Nakane, Y., Browne, M. O., … Stein, D. J. (2010). Age differences in the prevalence and co-morbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Depression and Anxiety, 27(4), 351–364.\nLink\nDepressive Disorders. (2013). In\nDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\n. American Psychiatric Association.\nLink\nHirschfeld, Robert M. A. “The Comorbidity of Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Recognition and Management in Primary Care.”\nPrimary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry\n3, no. 6 (2001): 244–54.\nLink\nAlbert, P. R. (2015). Why is depression more prevalent in women?\nJournal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : JPN\n,\n40\n(4), 219–221.\nLink\nAnxiety and Depression in Children | Children’s Mental Health | CDC\n. (n.d.).\nLink\nDepression and Older Adults | National Institute on Aging\n. (n.d.).\nLink\nDepression in older people—Causes, symptoms, treatment | healthdirect\n. (n.d.).\nLink\nDepression’s Problem With Men. (2021).\nAMA Journal of Ethics\n,\n23\n(7), E586-589.\nLink\nMohammadi, S., Seyedmirzaei, H., Salehi, M. A., Jahanshahi, A., Zakavi, S. S., Dehghani Firouzabadi, F., & Yousem, D. M. (2023). Brain-based Sex Differences in Depression: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies.\nBrain Imaging and Behavior\n, 1–29.\nLink\nPetito, A., Pop, T. L., Namazova-Baranova, L., Mestrovic, J., Nigri, L., Vural, M., Sacco, M., Giardino, I., Ferrara, P., & Pettoello-Mantovani, M. (2020). The Burden of Depression in Adolescents and the Importance of Early Recognition.\nThe Journal of Pediatrics\n,\n218\n, 265-267.e1.\nLink\nTeen Depression\n. (n.d.).\nLink\nZacher Kjeldsen, M.-M., Bricca, A., Liu, X., Frokjaer, V. G., Madsen, K. B., & Munk-Olsen, T. (2022). Family History of Psychiatric Disorders as a Risk Factor for Maternal Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.\nJAMA Psychiatry\n,\n79\n(10), 1004–1013.\nLink\nHelp us\nhelp others\nMillions of readers rely on HelpGuide.org for free, evidence-based resources to understand and navigate mental health challenges. Please donate today to help us save, support, and change lives.\nDonate to HelpGuide.org today","attrs_markdown":"[![HelpGuide.org](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Group-13075.svg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/)\n\n- [Español](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/es\/depresion\/sintomas-y-senales-de-advertencia-de-la-depresion)\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/about-us)\n  - [About Us](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/about-us)\n  - [Meet Our Team](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/about-us\/meet-our-team)\n  - [Our Story](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/about-us\/our-story)\n  - [Jeanne Segal, Ph.D.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/about-us\/jeanne-segal)\n  - [Advisory Council](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/professional-advisory-council)\n  - [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/contact-us)\n- [Resources](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs)\n  - [Harvard Health Partnership](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/harvard)\n  - [Audio Meditations](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/meditation)\n  - [Newsletter](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/newsletter)\n  - [Helplines](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/find-help)\n\n[Donate](https:\/\/give.helpguide.org\/give\/581002\/#!\/donation\/checkout)\n\n[![HelpGuide.org](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Logo-3.svg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/)\n\n[Donate](https:\/\/give.helpguide.org\/give\/581002\/#!\/donation\/checkout)\n\n- [Depression Types: Clinical, Major, Mild—and What Causes Them](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-types-causes-and-risk-factors)\n- [Depression in Women](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-women)\n- [Depression in Men](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-men)\n- [High-Functioning Depression: Signs You Shouldn’t Ignore](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/high-functioning-depression)\n- [The Connection Between Sleep and Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/sleep-and-depression-connection)\n- [Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: PMDD Symptoms and Self-Care](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd)\n- [I Feel Depressed: 9 Ways to Fight Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/i-feel-depressed)\n- [Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): How it Works and What to Expect](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/treatment\/electroconvulsive-therapy-ect)\n- [Online Therapy: Is it Right for You?](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/?p=130493)\n\n- [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health)\n  [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health)\n  \n  - [ADHD](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/adhd)\n  - [Addiction](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/addiction)\n  - [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/anxiety)\n  - [Bipolar Disorder](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/bipolar-disorder)\n  - [Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n  - [Eating Disorders](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/eating-disorders)\n  - [Grief & Loss](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/grief)\n  \n  - [Personality Disorders](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/personality-disorders)\n  - [PTSD & Trauma](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/ptsd-trauma)\n  - [Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/schizophrenia)\n  - [Stress](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/stress)\n  - [Suicide & Self-Harm](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/suicide-self-harm)\n  - [Treatment](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/treatment)\n  \n  Featured\n  \n  [Coping with Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/coping-with-depression)\n  \n  Tips for overcoming depression one step at a time\n  \n  [![A woman in an orange dress strolls gracefully along a scenic path surrounded by greenery as she is coping with depression.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Coping-with-Depression-384x256.jpeg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/coping-with-depression)\n  \n  [The Best Online Therapy Platforms](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/treatment\/best-online-therapy)\n  \n  HelpGuide’s reviews of the best services\n  \n  [![Abstract illustration of a woman sitting on the floor, a hand reaching out to her from a computer screen, symbolizing the best online therapy services.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Online-Therapy-384x384.png)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/treatment\/best-online-therapy)\n- [Health & Wellness](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness)\n  [Health & Wellness](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness)\n  \n  - [Exercise & Fitness](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/fitness)\n  - [Nutrition](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/nutrition)\n  - [Sleep](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/sleep)\n  - [Stress](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/stress)\n  - [Well-being & Happiness](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/wellbeing)\n  - [Pets](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/pets)\n  \n  - [Weight Management](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/weight-loss)\n  - [Work & Career](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/career)\n  - [Illness & Disability](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/health-conditions)\n  - [Heart Health](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/heart-health)\n  - [Cancer](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/cancer)\n  - [Sexual Health](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/relationships\/sexual-health)\n  \n  Featured\n  \n  [Stress Management](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/stress\/stress-management)\n  \n  How to reduce, prevent, and relieve stress\n  \n  [![A person calmly displays a colorful bunch of flowers in front of a lush green backdrop, suggesting successful stress management.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Stress-Management-384x256.jpeg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/stress\/stress-management)\n  \n  [Insomnia: What to Do When You Can't Sleep](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/sleep\/insomnia-causes-and-cures)\n  \n  The causes of insomnia, and what to do when you can’t sleep\n  \n  [![A woman in a denim shirt sits on a bed, looking out a window at city lights during the night.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Insomnia-384x256.jpeg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/sleep\/insomnia-causes-and-cures)\n- [Children & Family](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/family)\n  [Children & Family](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/family)\n  \n  - [Autism](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/autism)\n  - [Learning Disabilities](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/family\/learning-disabilities)\n  - [Family Caregiving](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/family\/caregiving)\n  \n  - [Parenting](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/family\/parenting)\n  - [Teen Issues](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/family\/young-adults)\n  \n  Featured\n  \n  [ADHD in Children](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/adhd\/adhd-in-children)\n  \n  What Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder looks like in kids\n  \n  [![Two children wearing aviator goggles and hats glide on skateboards with arms outstretched, illustrating ADHD in children.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ADHD-in-Children-384x256.jpeg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/adhd\/adhd-in-children)\n  \n  [Caregiver Stress and Caregiver Burnout](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/family\/caregiving\/caregiver-stress-and-burnout)\n  \n  Tips for regaining your energy, optimism, and hope\n  \n  [![Withered plant in a terracotta pot under harsh sunlight, representing caregiver burnout and depletion.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Caregiver-Burnout-384x256.jpeg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/family\/caregiving\/caregiver-stress-and-burnout)\n- [Relationships](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/relationships)\n  [Relationships](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/relationships)\n  \n  - [Communication](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/relationships\/communication)\n  - [Emotional Intelligence](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/emotional-intelligence)\n  - [Love & Friendship](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/relationships\/social-connection)\n  \n  - [Domestic Abuse](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/relationships\/domestic-abuse)\n  - [Sexual Health](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/relationships\/sexual-health)\n  \n  Featured\n  \n  [Setting Healthy Boundaries in Relationships](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/relationships\/social-connection\/setting-healthy-boundaries-in-relationships)\n  \n  Strengthen your connections and improve your self-esteem\n  \n  [![Two people stand either side of a red line, symbolizing setting boundaries in relationships.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Boundaries-384x256.png)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/relationships\/social-connection\/setting-healthy-boundaries-in-relationships)\n  \n  [Improving Emotional Intelligence (EQ)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/wellbeing\/emotional-intelligence-eq)\n  \n  Boost your EQ to help find happiness and success\n  \n  [![Two small wooden figures each walk inside their own large, circular band, representing improving emotional intelligence.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Improving-Emotional-Intelligence-384x257.jpeg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/wellbeing\/emotional-intelligence-eq)\n- [Aging Well](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/aging)\n  [Aging Well](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/aging)\n  \n  - [Healthy Aging](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/aging\/healthy-aging)\n  - [Alzheimer’s Disease & Dementia](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/aging\/dementia)\n  \n  - [Family Caregiving](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/family\/caregiving)\n  - [End of Life](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/aging\/end-of-life)\n  \n  Featured\n  \n  [Depression in Older Adults](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-older-adults)\n  \n  Recognizing the signs and getting the right treatment\n  \n  [![A bush adorned with a contrast of orange and white flowers, showcasing the nature of depression in older adults](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Depression-in-Older-Adults-384x576.jpeg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-older-adults)\n  \n  [Aging Well](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/aging\/healthy-aging\/staying-healthy-as-you-age)\n  \n  Tips to staying healthy as you get older\n  \n  [![Low-angle shot looking up into the expansive, sun-drenched canopy of a large oak tree against a clear blue sky, representing aging 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Health](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/relationships\/sexual-health)\n\nReturn\n\n[Aging Well](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/aging)\n\n- [Healthy Aging](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/aging\/healthy-aging)\n- [Alzheimer’s Disease & Dementia](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/aging\/dementia)\n- [Family Caregiving](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/family\/caregiving)\n- [End of Life](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/aging\/end-of-life)\n\nReturn\n\n[Screeners](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/screening-tests\/depression-test)\n\n- [Depression Test](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/screening-tests\/depression-test)\n\nReturn\n\n[About Us](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/about-us)\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/about-us)\n- [Meet Our Team](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/about-us\/meet-our-team)\n- [Our Story](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/about-us\/our-story)\n\nReturn\n\n[Resources](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs)\n\n- [Harvard Health Partnership](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/harvard)\n- [Audio Meditations](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/meditation)\n- [Newsletter](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/newsletter)\n- [Helplines](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/find-help)\n\nWhat is depression?\n\n- What is depression?\n- Depression symptoms and warning signs\n- Am I depressed?\n- Depression symptoms in teens and children\n- Depression symptoms in older adults\n- Depression symptoms by gender\n- Is it depression or anxiety?\n- Depression vs bipolar disorder (manic depression)\n- Other conditions that can mimic depression symptoms\n- Depression symptoms and suicide risk\n- When to get help\n- Next step\n\n[Home](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/) [Choose a Therapist](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/)\n\n### Choose a Therapist\nThis therapist directory is offered in partnership with BetterHelp. If you sign up for therapy after clicking through from this site, HelpGuide will earn a commission. This helps us continue our nonprofit mission and continue to be there as a free mental health resource for everyone.\n\nNeed to talk to someone now? [Find a crisis helpline](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/find-help)\n\nIf you're a BetterHelp therapist with questions about your directory listing, please contact [therapists@betterhelp.com](mailto:therapists@betterhelp.com)\n\nNeed to talk to someone now? [Find a crisis helpline](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/find-help)\n\n[Are You Feeling Suicidal? How to Cope with Thoughts of Suicide](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/suicide-self-harm\/are-you-feeling-suicidal)\n\n[![depression-helpline](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/helpguide-core-functionality\/assets\/images\/svg\/depression-helpline.svg) Coping with depression Tips for overcoming depression one step at a time](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/coping-with-depression)\n\n[![generalized-helpline](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/helpguide-core-functionality\/assets\/images\/svg\/generalized-helpline.svg) Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms, treatment, and self-help for chronic anxiety](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/anxiety\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad)\n\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n# Depression Signs and SymptomsRecognizing and Understanding Depression\nLast updated on February 17, 2026\n\nAre you depressed? Here are some of the signs of depression to look for—and how symptoms can vary according to your age, gender, and other factors.\n\n![An empty, dark-textured chair sits in a dimly lit corner next to a window with sheer white curtains, representing depression symptoms.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Depression-Symptoms.jpeg)\n\nBy  [Melinda Smith, M.A.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/bio\/melinda-smith-ma), [Lawrence Robinson](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/bio\/lawrence-robinson) and [Jeanne Segal, Ph.D.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/bio\/jeanne-segal-phd), Reviewed by [Jenna Nielsen, MSW, LCSW](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/bio\/jenna-nielsen-msw-lcsw)\n\n- What is depression?\n- Depression symptoms and warning signs\n- Am I depressed?\n- Depression symptoms in teens and children\n- Depression symptoms in older adults\n- Depression symptoms by gender\n- Is it depression or anxiety?\n- Depression vs bipolar disorder (manic depression)\n- Other conditions that can mimic depression symptoms\n- Depression symptoms and suicide risk\n- When to get help\n- Next step\n\n## What is depression?\nDepression is a mood disorder that involves a sense of deep and persistent sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness. It can weigh down your motivation, self-esteem, and ability to experience pleasure in your daily life.  \n  \nFeeling down from time to time is a normal part of life, but when emotions such as hopelessness and despair take hold and just won’t go away, you may have clinical depression.\n\nMore than just sadness in response to life’s struggles and setbacks, depression changes how you think, feel, and function in daily activities. Depression symptoms can interfere with your ability to work, study, eat, sleep, and enjoy life. Just trying to get through the day can be overwhelming.\n\nWhile some people describe depression as “living in a black hole” or having a feeling of impending doom, others feel lifeless, empty, and apathetic. Men in particular can feel angry and restless. However you experience the problem, left untreated, it can become a serious health condition. But it’s important to remember that feelings of helplessness and hopelessness are symptoms of depression—not the reality of your situation.\n\nNo matter how hopeless you feel, you can get better. By recognizing the different symptoms of depression, you can take the first steps to feeling better and overcoming the problem.\n\n## Depression symptoms and warning signs\nDepression varies from person to person, but there are some common signs and symptoms. It’s important to remember that these symptoms can be part of life’s normal lows. But the more symptoms you have, the stronger they are, and the longer they’ve lasted—the more likely it is that you’re dealing with depression.\n\n### 10 common depression symptoms\n1. **Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness.** A bleak outlook—nothing will ever get better, and there’s nothing you can do to improve your situation.\n2. **Loss of interest in daily activities.** You don’t care anymore about former hobbies, pastimes, social activities, or sex. You’ve [lost your ability to feel pleasure](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/anhedonia) and joy.\n3. **Appetite or weight changes.** Significant weight loss or weight gain—a change of more than 5 percent of body weight in a month.\n4. **Sleep changes.** Either [insomnia](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/sleep\/insomnia-causes-and-cures), especially waking in the early hours of the morning, or oversleeping.\n5. **Anger or irritability.** Feeling agitated, restless, or even violent. Your tolerance level is low, your temper short, and everything and everyone gets on your nerves.\n6. **Loss of energy.** Feeling fatigued, sluggish, and physically drained. Your whole body may feel heavy, and even small tasks are exhausting or take longer to complete.\n7. **Self-loathing.** Strong feelings of worthlessness or guilt. You harshly criticize yourself for perceived faults and mistakes.\n8. **Reckless behavior.** You engage in escapist behavior such as substance abuse, [compulsive gambling](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/addiction\/gambling-addiction-and-problem-gambling), reckless driving, or dangerous sports.\n9. **Concentration problems.** Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things.\n10. **Unexplained aches and pains.** An increase in physical complaints such as headaches, back pain, aching muscles, and stomach pain.\n11. Depression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults.\n\nDepression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults.\n\n## Am I depressed?\nTake our [depression quiz](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/screening-tests\/depression-test) to find out:\n\n![](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DTS_Derma_Danny_Owens_3336-1-384x258.jpg)\n\nQuiz\n\n###### Depression Test\nTake quiz\n## Depression symptoms in teens and children\nIt’s not uncommon for young people to be a little moody or reckless. This can be especially true for teens, who are going through a confusing period of change. However, depression in young people runs deeper than the typical challenges of adolescence.\n\n[Depression in teens](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/parents-guide-to-teen-depression) and children might include symptoms such as:\n\n- Irritability and rebellious behavior, such as acting out in class.\n- Spending less time with friends.\n- Disinterest in their usual hobbies.\n- Increased indecisiveness and decreased ability to concentrate.\n- Changes in appetite and sleeping patterns.\n## Depression symptoms in older adults\n[Depression in older adults](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-older-adults) can often be mistaken for grief. For instance, they might be grieving the loss of independence or the end of a long, successful career. In addition, depressed older adults might not necessarily vocalize sadness. Instead, they tend to show the following symptoms:\n\n- Emotional numbness.\n- Increased aches and pains.\n- Dizziness.\n- Memory problems.\n- Self-isolating, or not leaving the house.\n## Depression symptoms by gender\nDepression symptoms can differ between men and women due to a combination of biological and social factors. For instance, differences in brain circuitry and sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, can affect emotions and mood. Gender norms, social pressures, and behavioral differences likely also play a role. For example, men are less likely to show emotional vulnerability due to ideas of masculinity, while women may be more likely to share their symptoms.\n\n### Men\n[Depressed men](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-men) are less likely to acknowledge feelings of self-loathing and hopelessness. Instead, they tend to complain about fatigue, irritability, sleep problems, and loss of interest in work and hobbies. They’re also more likely to experience symptoms such as anger, aggression, reckless behavior, and substance abuse.\n\n### Women\nWomen are more likely to experience symptoms such as pronounced feelings of guilt, excessive sleeping, overeating, and weight gain. [Depression in women](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-women) is also impacted by hormonal factors during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. In fact, [postpartum depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/postpartum-depression-and-the-baby-blues) affects up to one in seven women following childbirth. The risk of this mood disorder doubles when there’s a family history of it.\n\n#### Speak to a Licensed Provider\nTalkiatry is a virtual psychiatry platform that specializes in the treatment of anxiety, depression, ADHD, OCD, child and adolescent care, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and pregnancy and postpartum issues.\n\n[Take Assessment](https:\/\/talkiatry.sjv.io\/xLxLPk)\n\nHelpGuide is user supported. We earn a commission if you sign up for Talkiatry’s services after clicking through from this site.  [Learn more](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/affiliate-disclosure)\n## Is it depression or anxiety?\nWhile anxiety and depression are different conditions, they stem from the same biological vulnerability so often go hand-in-hand. Anxiety can both appear as a symptom of depression or it can trigger depression in the first place. In fact, studies suggest that as many as [50 percent](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC181193\/) of people with major depression may also suffer from an anxiety disorder.\n\nSome of the symptoms of the two conditions can also look very similar, making it difficult to distinguish between the conditions. Irritability, anger, unexplained aches and pains, and changes in energy, focus, and sleeping patterns can occur in both depression and anxiety. Even the persistent dark, negative thoughts commonly associated with depression can look a lot like the endless worry of anxiety.\n\n*[\\[Read: Anxiety Disorders and Anxiety Attacks\\]](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/anxiety\/anxiety-disorders-and-anxiety-attacks)*\n\nHowever, there are also some marked differences. While the symptoms of both depression and anxiety can look very different in different people, the following may help to distinguish between the conditions:\n\n- In depression without anxiety, you’re likely to feel sluggish and lifeless with little motivation to do anything. In depression with anxiety, you’re more likely to feel tense and jittery with a racing mind.\n- In depression without anxiety, you may feel hopeless and helpless about what you see as an inevitably bleak future. In depression with anxiety, you’re more likely to worry over and over about what the future holds, feeling frightened and nervous, but thinking that your worry may hold the key to easing those fears.\n\nIf you recognize symptoms of anxiety co-occurring with your depression, it’s important to seek treatment for both conditions. Since they’re so closely related, a lot of the self-help and treatment options that work for anxiety will also help manage symptoms of depression.\n\n## Depression vs bipolar disorder (manic depression)\n[Bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/bipolar-disorder\/bipolar-disorder-signs-and-symptoms), also known as manic depression, involves serious shifts in moods, energy, thinking, and behavior. Because it looks so similar to depression when in the low phase, it is often overlooked and misdiagnosed. This can be a serious problem, as taking [antidepressants](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/antidepressant-medication) for bipolar disorder can actually make the condition *worse*.\n\nIf you’ve ever gone through phases where you experienced excessive feelings of euphoria, a decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior, consider getting evaluated for bipolar disorder.\n\n## Other conditions that can mimic depression symptoms\nAnxiety and bipolar disorder aren’t the only conditions that can be mistaken for depression. Just as depression can be triggered by other health problems, there are also mental and medical conditions that can mimic the symptoms of depression. These include:\n\n**Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)**. Symptoms such as restlessness, trouble concentrating and staying focused, irritability, and a loss of motivation can occur in both depression and ADHD. Even if your [ADHD symptoms](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/adhd\/adhd-in-adults) weren’t recognized in childhood, that doesn’t mean they’re not impacting you as an adult.\n\n**Chronic fatigue syndrome or long COVID**. Persistent fatigue, changes to your sleep patterns, and difficulty focusing could also point to chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis) or [long-haul COVID](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/health-conditions\/long-covid-symptoms-and-treatment), where the effects of COVID-19 linger even when you’re no longer testing positive for the virus. While there is still a lot that medical professionals don’t fully understand about these conditions, there are still things you can do to ease symptoms and improve how you feel.\n\n**Parkinson’s disease**. The lack of energy, slow movements, and changes to mood and memory that often accompany [Parkinson’s disease](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/aging\/dementia\/parkinsons-disease-and-parkinsons-dementia) can look a lot like depression symptoms in older adults.\n\n**Fibromyalgia**. The widespread musculoskeletal pain of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is often accompanied by sleep, fatigue, and mood changes that can be mistaken for depression. Other sources of [chronic pain](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/health-conditions\/chronic-pain-and-mental-health) can also leave you feeling hopeless and exhausted.\n\n**Other physical conditions,** such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, anemia, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and vitamin D deficiency, can also trigger depression-like symptoms. Blood tests and other screening methods from a healthcare professional can help identify if these conditions are causing your symptoms.\n\n## Depression symptoms and suicide risk\nDepression is a major risk factor for suicide. Deep despair and hopelessness can make suicide feel like the only way to escape the pain. If you have a loved one with depression or a history of depression, take any suicidal talk or behavior seriously and watch for the warning signs:\n\n- Talking about killing or harming oneself.\n- Expressing strong feelings of hopelessness or being trapped.\n- An unusual preoccupation with death or dying.\n- Acting recklessly, as if they have a death wish (e.g., speeding through red lights).\n- Calling or visiting people to say goodbye.\n- Getting affairs in order (giving away prized possessions, tying up loose ends).\n- Saying things like “Everyone would be better off without me,” or “I want out.”\n- A sudden switch from being extremely down to acting calm and happy.\n\nIf you think a friend or family member is considering suicide, [express your concern and seek help immediately](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/suicide-self-harm\/suicide-prevention-tips). Talking openly about suicidal thoughts and feelings can save a life.\n\n#### If you are feeling suicidal…\nWhen you’re feeling suicidal, your problems don’t seem temporary—they seem overwhelming and permanent. But with time, you will feel better, especially if you get help. There are many people who want to support you during this difficult time, so please reach out\\!\n\n**Read** [Are You Feeling Suicidal?](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/suicide-self-harm\/are-you-feeling-suicidal), call **988** in the U.S., or visit [IASP](http:\/\/www.iasp.info\/resources\/Crisis_Centres\/) or [Suicide.org](http:\/\/www.suicide.org\/international-suicide-hotlines.html) to find a helpline in your country.\n## When to get help\nWhen your depressed mood shows no signs of lifting, or you notice that it’s interfering with your daily functioning, don’t hesitate to reach out to a mental health professional. Here are a few reasons why you might seek help for a depressive disorder:\n\n- A lack of motivation consistently keeps you from getting to work on time.\n- You self-isolate and avoid spending time with loved ones.\n- Irritability leads to you lashing out at friends.\n- You feel stuck in a state of fatigue but can never seem to fall asleep at night.\n- A lack of appetite is leading to low energy levels.\n- Difficulty concentrating is reducing your work quality.\n- You ruminate about self-harm, or you don’t feel like life is worth living.\n\nOf course, you don’t have to wait for symptoms of severe depression to emerge before you seek help. Any time you’re struggling with persistent feelings of sadness, it’s wise to talk to a mental health professional. We tested and reviewed the [best online psychiatry platforms](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/treatment\/best-online-psychiatry) if virtual visits best meet your needs.\n\n## Next step\nIn addition to age and gender, depression symptoms can also vary according to the type or severity of your depression. Understanding the type of depression you’re dealing with can help to find the most effective ways to overcome the problem and start to feel better again. Read: [Depression Types and Causes](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-types-causes-and-risk-factors).\n\n#### Depression support and suicide prevention help\n##### Depression support\n- In the U.S.\n  Find [DBSA Chapters\/Support Groups](http:\/\/www.dbsalliance.org\/site\/PageServer?pagename=peer_support_group_locator) or call the [NAMI Helpline](http:\/\/www.nami.org\/Find-Support\/NAMI-HelpLine) for support and referrals at 1-800-950-6264\n- UK\n  Find [Depression support groups](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/stress-anxiety-depression\/depression-help-groups\/) in-person and online or call the [Mind Infoline](https:\/\/www.mind.org.uk\/information-support\/helplines\/) at 0300 123 3393\n- Australia\n  Call the [SANE Help Centre](https:\/\/www.sane.org\/get-support) at 1800 18 7263\n- Canada\n  Call [Mood Disorders Society of Canada](https:\/\/mdsc.ca\/finding-help\/) at 613-921-5565\n- India\n  Call the Vandrevala Foundation [Helpline (India)](https:\/\/www.vandrevalafoundation.com\/) at 1860 2662 345 or 1800 2333 330\n\n##### Suicide prevention help\n- In the U.S.\n  Call [988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/) at 988\n- UK and Ireland\n  Call [Samaritans UK](http:\/\/www.samaritans.org\/) at 116 123\n- Australia\n  Call [Lifeline Australia](https:\/\/www.lifeline.org.au\/) at 13 11 14\n- Other countries\n  Visit [IASP](https:\/\/www.iasp.info\/resources\/Crisis_Centres\/) or [Suicide.org](http:\/\/www.suicide.org\/international-suicide-hotlines.html) to find a helpline near you\n\n## More Information\nReferences\n\n1. Belmaker, R. H., & Agam, G. (2008). Major Depressive Disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(1), 55–68.\n   [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra073096)\n2. Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H. G., Shahly, V., Bromet, E., Hwang, I., McLaughlin, K. A., Sampson, N., Andrade, L. H., Girolamo, G. de, Demyttenaere, K., Haro, J. M., Karam, A. N., Kostyuchenko, S., Kovess, V., Lara, C., Levinson, D., Matschinger, H., Nakane, Y., Browne, M. O., … Stein, D. J. (2010). Age differences in the prevalence and co-morbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Depression and Anxiety, 27(4), 351–364.\n   [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.20634)\n3. Depressive Disorders. (2013). In *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders*. American Psychiatric Association.\n   [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787.x04_Depressive_Disorders)\n4. Hirschfeld, Robert M. A. “The Comorbidity of Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Recognition and Management in Primary Care.” *Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry* 3, no. 6 (2001): 244–54.\n   [Link](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC181193\/)\n5. Albert, P. R. (2015). Why is depression more prevalent in women? *Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : JPN*, *40*(4), 219–221.\n   [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/jpn.150205)\n6. *Anxiety and Depression in Children \\| Children’s Mental Health \\| CDC*. (n.d.).\n   [Link](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/children-mental-health\/about\/about-anxiety-and-depression-in-children.html)\n7. *Depression and Older Adults \\| National Institute on Aging*. (n.d.).\n   [Link](https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/mental-and-emotional-health\/depression-and-older-adults)\n8. *Depression in older people—Causes, symptoms, treatment \\| healthdirect*. (n.d.).\n   [Link](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/depression-in-older-people)\n9. Depression’s Problem With Men. (2021). *AMA Journal of Ethics*, *23*(7), E586-589.\n   [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/amajethics.2021.586)\n10. Mohammadi, S., Seyedmirzaei, H., Salehi, M. A., Jahanshahi, A., Zakavi, S. S., Dehghani Firouzabadi, F., & Yousem, D. M. (2023). Brain-based Sex Differences in Depression: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies. *Brain Imaging and Behavior*, 1–29.\n    [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-023-00772-8)\n11. Petito, A., Pop, T. L., Namazova-Baranova, L., Mestrovic, J., Nigri, L., Vural, M., Sacco, M., Giardino, I., Ferrara, P., & Pettoello-Mantovani, M. (2020). The Burden of Depression in Adolescents and the Importance of Early Recognition. *The Journal of Pediatrics*, *218*, 265-267.e1.\n    [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.12.003)\n12. *Teen Depression*. (n.d.).\n    [Link](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/teendepression.html)\n13. Zacher Kjeldsen, M.-M., Bricca, A., Liu, X., Frokjaer, V. G., Madsen, K. B., & Munk-Olsen, T. (2022). Family History of Psychiatric Disorders as a Risk Factor for Maternal Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. *JAMA Psychiatry*, *79*(10), 1004–1013.\n    [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.2400)\n\n[Copy Link](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs)\n\nLink copied\\!\n\nShare\n\nPrint\n\nDownload PDF\n\n## More in Depression\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n### [Depression Types and Causes](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-types-causes-and-risk-factors)\nWhat type of depression do you have and what’s causing it?\n\n[![A woman stands forlornly in front of a subway train, illustrating her clinical depression, one of several types of depression.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Clinical-Depression-384x256.jpeg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-types-causes-and-risk-factors)\n\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n### [Depression in Women](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-women)\nSigns, symptoms, and causes of female depression and what to do\n\n[![A woman in a tan cardigan and blue jeans sits on a grey bed with her legs crossed, representing the experience of depression in women.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Depression-in-Women-e1677198061154-384x256.jpeg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-women)\n\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n### [Depression in Men](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-men)\nWhat it looks like and how to get help\n\n[![A man sits anxiously on a couch, showcasing his watch, embodying a symptom of depression in men.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Depression-in-Men-e1677197898832-384x256.jpeg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-men)\n\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n### [High-Functioning Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/high-functioning-depression)\nWhen you’re struggling beneath the surface\n\n[![A man stands alone in a subway station in front of a crowded train highlighting the nature of high-functioning depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/High-Functioning-Depression-384x256.jpg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/high-functioning-depression)\n\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n### [The Connection Between Sleep and Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/sleep-and-depression-connection)\nHow one affects the other\n\n[![A rumpled bed with a messed-up white sheet and blanket, illustrating the connection between sleep and depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/The-Connection-Between-Sleep-and-Depression-384x256.jpg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/sleep-and-depression-connection)\n\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n### [Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd)\nSymptoms, causes, and self-care for PMDD\n\n[![A person's hand with long fingernails reaches out to touch the dense green leaves of a bush in soft, dappled light.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture1-384x256.jpg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd)\n\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n### [I Feel Depressed](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/i-feel-depressed)\n9 Ways to Fight Depression\n\n[![A woman stands alone in an empty room, highlighting how she feels depressed.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/I-Feel-Depressed-384x256.jpg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/i-feel-depressed)\n\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n### [Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/treatment\/electroconvulsive-therapy-ect)\nHow it works and how to decide if it’s the right treatment for you\n\n[![Six orange cables curve in overlapping arches against a dark, shadowy background.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ECT-384x256.jpeg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/treatment\/electroconvulsive-therapy-ect)\n\nShare\n\nDownload PDF\n\n### More in Depression\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n### [Depression Types and Causes](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-types-causes-and-risk-factors)\nWhat type of depression do you have and what’s causing it?\n\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n### [Depression in Women](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-women)\nSigns, symptoms, and causes of female depression and what to do\n\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n### [Depression in Men](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-men)\nWhat it looks like and how to get help\n\n![](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/therapy-sidebar-384x229.jpg)\n\n#### Professional therapy, done online\nBetterHelp makes starting therapy easy. Take the assessment and get matched with a professional, licensed therapist.\n\n[Take Assessment](https:\/\/hasofferstracking.betterhelp.com\/aff_c?offer_id=2&aff_id=2729&source=helpguide)\n\n[HelpGuide is user supported. We may earn a commission from links you follow.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/affiliate-disclosure)\n\n## Help us *help others*\nMillions of readers rely on HelpGuide.org for free, evidence-based resources to understand and navigate mental health challenges. Please donate today to help us save, support, and change lives.\n\n[Donate to HelpGuide.org today](https:\/\/give.helpguide.org\/give\/581002\/#!\/donation\/checkout)\n\n[![HelpGuide.org](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Group-13075.svg)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/)\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/about-us)\n  - [Meet Our Team](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/about-us\/meet-our-team)\n  - [Our Story](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/about-us\/our-story)\n  - [Advisory Council](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/professional-advisory-council)\n\n- [Resources](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs)\n  - [Harvard Health](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/harvard)\n  - [Meditation](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/meditation)\n  - [Newsletter](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/newsletter)\n\n- [Get In Touch](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/contact-us)\n  - [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/contact-us)\n\n515 S Flower St Ste 1800  \n Los Angeles CA 90071\n\n[![Guidestar Platinum Transparency 2021](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/candid-seal-platinum-2022-1.png)](https:\/\/www.guidestar.org\/profile\/45-4510670)   [![Great Nonprofits 2021 Top Rated](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Group-13103-1.png)](https:\/\/greatnonprofits.org\/org\/helpguide)   [![HONcode standard for trustworthy health information](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/badge-2.png)](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs)\n\n##### Join Our Newsletter\nMental health and wellness tips, our latest guides, resources, and more.\n\n##### Mental Health Helplines\nAre you or someone you know in crisis? Find helplines and other resources around the world.\n\n[Get Help](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/find-help)\n\n©1999-2026 HelpGuide.org   \n All rights reserved. HELPGUIDE.ORG INTERNATIONAL is a tax-exempt 501(c)3 organization (ID \\#45-4510670). Our content does not constitute a medical or psychological consultation. See a certified medical or mental health professional for diagnosis. [Learn more](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/terms-of-use).\n\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/terms-of-use)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/privacy-policy)\n- [Cookies Policy](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/cookie-policy)\n- [Affiliate Policy](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/affiliate-disclosure)","attrs_readable_markdown":"[Depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression)\n\n## Depression Signs and SymptomsRecognizing and Understanding Depression\nLast updated on February 17, 2026\n\nAre you depressed? Here are some of the signs of depression to look for—and how symptoms can vary according to your age, gender, and other factors.\n\n![An empty, dark-textured chair sits in a dimly lit corner next to a window with sheer white curtains, representing depression symptoms.](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Depression-Symptoms.jpeg)\n\n## What is depression?\nDepression is a mood disorder that involves a sense of deep and persistent sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness. It can weigh down your motivation, self-esteem, and ability to experience pleasure in your daily life.\n\nFeeling down from time to time is a normal part of life, but when emotions such as hopelessness and despair take hold and just won’t go away, you may have clinical depression.\n\nMore than just sadness in response to life’s struggles and setbacks, depression changes how you think, feel, and function in daily activities. Depression symptoms can interfere with your ability to work, study, eat, sleep, and enjoy life. Just trying to get through the day can be overwhelming.\n\nWhile some people describe depression as “living in a black hole” or having a feeling of impending doom, others feel lifeless, empty, and apathetic. Men in particular can feel angry and restless. However you experience the problem, left untreated, it can become a serious health condition. But it’s important to remember that feelings of helplessness and hopelessness are symptoms of depression—not the reality of your situation.\n\nNo matter how hopeless you feel, you can get better. By recognizing the different symptoms of depression, you can take the first steps to feeling better and overcoming the problem.\n\nDepression varies from person to person, but there are some common signs and symptoms. It’s important to remember that these symptoms can be part of life’s normal lows. But the more symptoms you have, the stronger they are, and the longer they’ve lasted—the more likely it is that you’re dealing with depression.\n\n### 10 common depression symptoms\n1. **Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness.** A bleak outlook—nothing will ever get better, and there’s nothing you can do to improve your situation.\n2. **Loss of interest in daily activities.** You don’t care anymore about former hobbies, pastimes, social activities, or sex. You’ve [lost your ability to feel pleasure](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/anhedonia) and joy.\n3. **Appetite or weight changes.** Significant weight loss or weight gain—a change of more than 5 percent of body weight in a month.\n4. **Sleep changes.** Either [insomnia](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/sleep\/insomnia-causes-and-cures), especially waking in the early hours of the morning, or oversleeping.\n5. **Anger or irritability.** Feeling agitated, restless, or even violent. Your tolerance level is low, your temper short, and everything and everyone gets on your nerves.\n6. **Loss of energy.** Feeling fatigued, sluggish, and physically drained. Your whole body may feel heavy, and even small tasks are exhausting or take longer to complete.\n7. **Self-loathing.** Strong feelings of worthlessness or guilt. You harshly criticize yourself for perceived faults and mistakes.\n8. **Reckless behavior.** You engage in escapist behavior such as substance abuse, [compulsive gambling](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/addiction\/gambling-addiction-and-problem-gambling), reckless driving, or dangerous sports.\n9. **Concentration problems.** Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things.\n10. **Unexplained aches and pains.** An increase in physical complaints such as headaches, back pain, aching muscles, and stomach pain.\n11. Depression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults.\n\nDepression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults.\n\n## Am I depressed?\nTake our [depression quiz](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/screening-tests\/depression-test) to find out:\n\n![](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DTS_Derma_Danny_Owens_3336-1-384x258.jpg)\n\nQuiz\n\n###### Depression Test\n## Depression symptoms in teens and children\nIt’s not uncommon for young people to be a little moody or reckless. This can be especially true for teens, who are going through a confusing period of change. However, depression in young people runs deeper than the typical challenges of adolescence.\n\n[Depression in teens](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/parents-guide-to-teen-depression) and children might include symptoms such as:\n\n- Irritability and rebellious behavior, such as acting out in class.\n- Spending less time with friends.\n- Disinterest in their usual hobbies.\n- Increased indecisiveness and decreased ability to concentrate.\n- Changes in appetite and sleeping patterns.\n## Depression symptoms in older adults\n[Depression in older adults](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-older-adults) can often be mistaken for grief. For instance, they might be grieving the loss of independence or the end of a long, successful career. In addition, depressed older adults might not necessarily vocalize sadness. Instead, they tend to show the following symptoms:\n\n- Emotional numbness.\n- Increased aches and pains.\n- Dizziness.\n- Memory problems.\n- Self-isolating, or not leaving the house.\n## Depression symptoms by gender\nDepression symptoms can differ between men and women due to a combination of biological and social factors. For instance, differences in brain circuitry and sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, can affect emotions and mood. Gender norms, social pressures, and behavioral differences likely also play a role. For example, men are less likely to show emotional vulnerability due to ideas of masculinity, while women may be more likely to share their symptoms.\n\n### Men\n[Depressed men](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-men) are less likely to acknowledge feelings of self-loathing and hopelessness. Instead, they tend to complain about fatigue, irritability, sleep problems, and loss of interest in work and hobbies. They’re also more likely to experience symptoms such as anger, aggression, reckless behavior, and substance abuse.\n\n### Women\nWomen are more likely to experience symptoms such as pronounced feelings of guilt, excessive sleeping, overeating, and weight gain. [Depression in women](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-in-women) is also impacted by hormonal factors during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. In fact, [postpartum depression](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/postpartum-depression-and-the-baby-blues) affects up to one in seven women following childbirth. The risk of this mood disorder doubles when there’s a family history of it.\n\n#### Speak to a Licensed Provider\nTalkiatry is a virtual psychiatry platform that specializes in the treatment of anxiety, depression, ADHD, OCD, child and adolescent care, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and pregnancy and postpartum issues.\n\n[Take Assessment](https:\/\/talkiatry.sjv.io\/xLxLPk) HelpGuide is user supported. We earn a commission if you sign up for Talkiatry’s services after clicking through from this site.  [Learn more](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/affiliate-disclosure)\n## Is it depression or anxiety?\nWhile anxiety and depression are different conditions, they stem from the same biological vulnerability so often go hand-in-hand. Anxiety can both appear as a symptom of depression or it can trigger depression in the first place. In fact, studies suggest that as many as [50 percent](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC181193\/) of people with major depression may also suffer from an anxiety disorder.\n\nSome of the symptoms of the two conditions can also look very similar, making it difficult to distinguish between the conditions. Irritability, anger, unexplained aches and pains, and changes in energy, focus, and sleeping patterns can occur in both depression and anxiety. Even the persistent dark, negative thoughts commonly associated with depression can look a lot like the endless worry of anxiety.\n\n*[\\[Read: Anxiety Disorders and Anxiety Attacks\\]](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/anxiety\/anxiety-disorders-and-anxiety-attacks)*\n\nHowever, there are also some marked differences. While the symptoms of both depression and anxiety can look very different in different people, the following may help to distinguish between the conditions:\n\n- In depression without anxiety, you’re likely to feel sluggish and lifeless with little motivation to do anything. In depression with anxiety, you’re more likely to feel tense and jittery with a racing mind.\n- In depression without anxiety, you may feel hopeless and helpless about what you see as an inevitably bleak future. In depression with anxiety, you’re more likely to worry over and over about what the future holds, feeling frightened and nervous, but thinking that your worry may hold the key to easing those fears.\n\nIf you recognize symptoms of anxiety co-occurring with your depression, it’s important to seek treatment for both conditions. Since they’re so closely related, a lot of the self-help and treatment options that work for anxiety will also help manage symptoms of depression.\n\n## Depression vs bipolar disorder (manic depression)\n[Bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/bipolar-disorder\/bipolar-disorder-signs-and-symptoms), also known as manic depression, involves serious shifts in moods, energy, thinking, and behavior. Because it looks so similar to depression when in the low phase, it is often overlooked and misdiagnosed. This can be a serious problem, as taking [antidepressants](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/antidepressant-medication) for bipolar disorder can actually make the condition *worse*.\n\nIf you’ve ever gone through phases where you experienced excessive feelings of euphoria, a decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior, consider getting evaluated for bipolar disorder.\n\n## Other conditions that can mimic depression symptoms\nAnxiety and bipolar disorder aren’t the only conditions that can be mistaken for depression. Just as depression can be triggered by other health problems, there are also mental and medical conditions that can mimic the symptoms of depression. These include:\n\n**Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)**. Symptoms such as restlessness, trouble concentrating and staying focused, irritability, and a loss of motivation can occur in both depression and ADHD. Even if your [ADHD symptoms](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/adhd\/adhd-in-adults) weren’t recognized in childhood, that doesn’t mean they’re not impacting you as an adult.\n\n**Chronic fatigue syndrome or long COVID**. Persistent fatigue, changes to your sleep patterns, and difficulty focusing could also point to chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis) or [long-haul COVID](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/health-conditions\/long-covid-symptoms-and-treatment), where the effects of COVID-19 linger even when you’re no longer testing positive for the virus. While there is still a lot that medical professionals don’t fully understand about these conditions, there are still things you can do to ease symptoms and improve how you feel.\n\n**Parkinson’s disease**. The lack of energy, slow movements, and changes to mood and memory that often accompany [Parkinson’s disease](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/aging\/dementia\/parkinsons-disease-and-parkinsons-dementia) can look a lot like depression symptoms in older adults.\n\n**Fibromyalgia**. The widespread musculoskeletal pain of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is often accompanied by sleep, fatigue, and mood changes that can be mistaken for depression. Other sources of [chronic pain](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/wellness\/health-conditions\/chronic-pain-and-mental-health) can also leave you feeling hopeless and exhausted.\n\n**Other physical conditions,** such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, anemia, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and vitamin D deficiency, can also trigger depression-like symptoms. Blood tests and other screening methods from a healthcare professional can help identify if these conditions are causing your symptoms.\n\n## Depression symptoms and suicide risk\nDepression is a major risk factor for suicide. Deep despair and hopelessness can make suicide feel like the only way to escape the pain. If you have a loved one with depression or a history of depression, take any suicidal talk or behavior seriously and watch for the warning signs:\n\n- Talking about killing or harming oneself.\n- Expressing strong feelings of hopelessness or being trapped.\n- An unusual preoccupation with death or dying.\n- Acting recklessly, as if they have a death wish (e.g., speeding through red lights).\n- Calling or visiting people to say goodbye.\n- Getting affairs in order (giving away prized possessions, tying up loose ends).\n- Saying things like “Everyone would be better off without me,” or “I want out.”\n- A sudden switch from being extremely down to acting calm and happy.\n\nIf you think a friend or family member is considering suicide, [express your concern and seek help immediately](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/suicide-self-harm\/suicide-prevention-tips). Talking openly about suicidal thoughts and feelings can save a life.\n\n#### If you are feeling suicidal…\nWhen you’re feeling suicidal, your problems don’t seem temporary—they seem overwhelming and permanent. But with time, you will feel better, especially if you get help. There are many people who want to support you during this difficult time, so please reach out\\!\n\n**Read** [Are You Feeling Suicidal?](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/suicide-self-harm\/are-you-feeling-suicidal), call **988** in the U.S., or visit [IASP](http:\/\/www.iasp.info\/resources\/Crisis_Centres\/) or [Suicide.org](http:\/\/www.suicide.org\/international-suicide-hotlines.html) to find a helpline in your country.\n## When to get help\nWhen your depressed mood shows no signs of lifting, or you notice that it’s interfering with your daily functioning, don’t hesitate to reach out to a mental health professional. Here are a few reasons why you might seek help for a depressive disorder:\n\n- A lack of motivation consistently keeps you from getting to work on time.\n- You self-isolate and avoid spending time with loved ones.\n- Irritability leads to you lashing out at friends.\n- You feel stuck in a state of fatigue but can never seem to fall asleep at night.\n- A lack of appetite is leading to low energy levels.\n- Difficulty concentrating is reducing your work quality.\n- You ruminate about self-harm, or you don’t feel like life is worth living.\n\nOf course, you don’t have to wait for symptoms of severe depression to emerge before you seek help. Any time you’re struggling with persistent feelings of sadness, it’s wise to talk to a mental health professional. We tested and reviewed the [best online psychiatry platforms](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/treatment\/best-online-psychiatry) if virtual visits best meet your needs.\n\n## Next step\nIn addition to age and gender, depression symptoms can also vary according to the type or severity of your depression. Understanding the type of depression you’re dealing with can help to find the most effective ways to overcome the problem and start to feel better again. Read: [Depression Types and Causes](https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/mental-health\/depression\/depression-types-causes-and-risk-factors).\n\n## More Information\n1. Belmaker, R. H., & Agam, G. (2008). Major Depressive Disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(1), 55–68.\n   [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra073096)\n2. Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H. G., Shahly, V., Bromet, E., Hwang, I., McLaughlin, K. A., Sampson, N., Andrade, L. H., Girolamo, G. de, Demyttenaere, K., Haro, J. M., Karam, A. N., Kostyuchenko, S., Kovess, V., Lara, C., Levinson, D., Matschinger, H., Nakane, Y., Browne, M. O., … Stein, D. J. (2010). Age differences in the prevalence and co-morbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Depression and Anxiety, 27(4), 351–364.\n   [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.20634)\n3. Depressive Disorders. (2013). In *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders*. American Psychiatric Association.\n   [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787.x04_Depressive_Disorders)\n4. Hirschfeld, Robert M. A. “The Comorbidity of Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Recognition and Management in Primary Care.” *Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry* 3, no. 6 (2001): 244–54.\n   [Link](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC181193\/)\n5. Albert, P. R. (2015). Why is depression more prevalent in women? *Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : JPN*, *40*(4), 219–221.\n   [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/jpn.150205)\n6. *Anxiety and Depression in Children \\| Children’s Mental Health \\| CDC*. (n.d.).\n   [Link](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/children-mental-health\/about\/about-anxiety-and-depression-in-children.html)\n7. *Depression and Older Adults \\| National Institute on Aging*. (n.d.).\n   [Link](https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/mental-and-emotional-health\/depression-and-older-adults)\n8. *Depression in older people—Causes, symptoms, treatment \\| healthdirect*. (n.d.).\n   [Link](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/depression-in-older-people)\n9. Depression’s Problem With Men. (2021). *AMA Journal of Ethics*, *23*(7), E586-589.\n   [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/amajethics.2021.586)\n10. Mohammadi, S., Seyedmirzaei, H., Salehi, M. A., Jahanshahi, A., Zakavi, S. S., Dehghani Firouzabadi, F., & Yousem, D. M. (2023). Brain-based Sex Differences in Depression: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies. *Brain Imaging and Behavior*, 1–29.\n    [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-023-00772-8)\n11. Petito, A., Pop, T. L., Namazova-Baranova, L., Mestrovic, J., Nigri, L., Vural, M., Sacco, M., Giardino, I., Ferrara, P., & Pettoello-Mantovani, M. (2020). The Burden of Depression in Adolescents and the Importance of Early Recognition. *The Journal of Pediatrics*, *218*, 265-267.e1.\n    [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.12.003)\n12. *Teen Depression*. (n.d.).\n    [Link](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/teendepression.html)\n13. Zacher Kjeldsen, M.-M., Bricca, A., Liu, X., Frokjaer, V. G., Madsen, K. B., & Munk-Olsen, T. (2022). Family History of Psychiatric Disorders as a Risk Factor for Maternal Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. *JAMA Psychiatry*, *79*(10), 1004–1013.\n    [Link](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.2400)\n\n## Help us *help others*\nMillions of readers rely on HelpGuide.org for free, evidence-based resources to understand and navigate mental health challenges. Please donate today to help us save, support, and change lives.\n\n[Donate to HelpGuide.org today](https:\/\/give.helpguide.org\/give\/581002\/#!\/donation\/checkout)","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Depression Depression Signs and Symptoms Recognizing and Understanding Depression Last updated on February 17, 2026 Are you depressed? Here are some of the signs of depression to look for—and how symptoms can vary according to your age, gender, and other factors. What is depression? Depression is a mood disorder that involves a sense of deep and persistent sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness. It can weigh down your motivation, self-esteem, and ability to experience pleasure in your daily life. Feeling down from time to time is a normal part of life, but when emotions such as hopelessness and despair take hold and just won’t go away, you may have clinical depression. More than just sadness in response to life’s struggles and setbacks, depression changes how you think, feel, and function in daily activities. Depression symptoms can interfere with your ability to work, study, eat, sleep, and enjoy life. Just trying to get through the day can be overwhelming. While some people describe depression as “living in a black hole” or having a feeling of impending doom, others feel lifeless, empty, and apathetic. Men in particular can feel angry and restless. However you experience the problem, left untreated, it can become a serious health condition. But it’s important to remember that feelings of helplessness and hopelessness are symptoms of depression—not the reality of your situation. No matter how hopeless you feel, you can get better. By recognizing the different symptoms of depression, you can take the first steps to feeling better and overcoming the problem. Depression varies from person to person, but there are some common signs and symptoms. It’s important to remember that these symptoms can be part of life’s normal lows. But the more symptoms you have, the stronger they are, and the longer they’ve lasted—the more likely it is that you’re dealing with depression. 10 common depression symptoms Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. A bleak outlook—nothing will ever get better, and there’s nothing you can do to improve your situation. Loss of interest in daily activities. You don’t care anymore about former hobbies, pastimes, social activities, or sex. You’ve lost your ability to feel pleasure and joy. Appetite or weight changes. Significant weight loss or weight gain—a change of more than 5 percent of body weight in a month. Sleep changes. Either insomnia , especially waking in the early hours of the morning, or oversleeping. Anger or irritability. Feeling agitated, restless, or even violent. Your tolerance level is low, your temper short, and everything and everyone gets on your nerves. Loss of energy. Feeling fatigued, sluggish, and physically drained. Your whole body may feel heavy, and even small tasks are exhausting or take longer to complete. Self-loathing. Strong feelings of worthlessness or guilt. You harshly criticize yourself for perceived faults and mistakes. Reckless behavior. You engage in escapist behavior such as substance abuse, compulsive gambling , reckless driving, or dangerous sports. Concentration problems. Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things. Unexplained aches and pains. An increase in physical complaints such as headaches, back pain, aching muscles, and stomach pain. Depression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults. Depression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults. Am I depressed? Take our depression quiz to find out: Quiz Depression Test Depression symptoms in teens and children It’s not uncommon for young people to be a little moody or reckless. This can be especially true for teens, who are going through a confusing period of change. However, depression in young people runs deeper than the typical challenges of adolescence. Depression in teens and children might include symptoms such as: Irritability and rebellious behavior, such as acting out in class. Spending less time with friends. Disinterest in their usual hobbies. Increased indecisiveness and decreased ability to concentrate. Changes in appetite and sleeping patterns. Depression symptoms in older adults Depression in older adults can often be mistaken for grief. For instance, they might be grieving the loss of independence or the end of a long, successful career. In addition, depressed older adults might not necessarily vocalize sadness. Instead, they tend to show the following symptoms: Emotional numbness. Increased aches and pains. Dizziness. Memory problems. Self-isolating, or not leaving the house. Depression symptoms by gender Depression symptoms can differ between men and women due to a combination of biological and social factors. For instance, differences in brain circuitry and sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, can affect emotions and mood. Gender norms, social pressures, and behavioral differences likely also play a role. For example, men are less likely to show emotional vulnerability due to ideas of masculinity, while women may be more likely to share their symptoms. Men Depressed men are less likely to acknowledge feelings of self-loathing and hopelessness. Instead, they tend to complain about fatigue, irritability, sleep problems, and loss of interest in work and hobbies. They’re also more likely to experience symptoms such as anger, aggression, reckless behavior, and substance abuse. Women Women are more likely to experience symptoms such as pronounced feelings of guilt, excessive sleeping, overeating, and weight gain. Depression in women is also impacted by hormonal factors during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. In fact, postpartum depression affects up to one in seven women following childbirth. The risk of this mood disorder doubles when there’s a family history of it. Speak to a Licensed Provider Talkiatry is a virtual psychiatry platform that specializes in the treatment of anxiety, depression, ADHD, OCD, child and adolescent care, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and pregnancy and postpartum issues. Take Assessment HelpGuide is user supported. We earn a commission if you sign up for Talkiatry’s services after clicking through from this site. Learn more Is it depression or anxiety? While anxiety and depression are different conditions, they stem from the same biological vulnerability so often go hand-in-hand. Anxiety can both appear as a symptom of depression or it can trigger depression in the first place. In fact, studies suggest that as many as 50 percent of people with major depression may also suffer from an anxiety disorder. Some of the symptoms of the two conditions can also look very similar, making it difficult to distinguish between the conditions. Irritability, anger, unexplained aches and pains, and changes in energy, focus, and sleeping patterns can occur in both depression and anxiety. Even the persistent dark, negative thoughts commonly associated with depression can look a lot like the endless worry of anxiety. [Read: Anxiety Disorders and Anxiety Attacks] However, there are also some marked differences. While the symptoms of both depression and anxiety can look very different in different people, the following may help to distinguish between the conditions: In depression without anxiety, you’re likely to feel sluggish and lifeless with little motivation to do anything. In depression with anxiety, you’re more likely to feel tense and jittery with a racing mind. In depression without anxiety, you may feel hopeless and helpless about what you see as an inevitably bleak future. In depression with anxiety, you’re more likely to worry over and over about what the future holds, feeling frightened and nervous, but thinking that your worry may hold the key to easing those fears. If you recognize symptoms of anxiety co-occurring with your depression, it’s important to seek treatment for both conditions. Since they’re so closely related, a lot of the self-help and treatment options that work for anxiety will also help manage symptoms of depression. Depression vs bipolar disorder (manic depression) Bipolar disorder , also known as manic depression, involves serious shifts in moods, energy, thinking, and behavior. Because it looks so similar to depression when in the low phase, it is often overlooked and misdiagnosed. This can be a serious problem, as taking antidepressants for bipolar disorder can actually make the condition worse . If you’ve ever gone through phases where you experienced excessive feelings of euphoria, a decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior, consider getting evaluated for bipolar disorder. Other conditions that can mimic depression symptoms Anxiety and bipolar disorder aren’t the only conditions that can be mistaken for depression. Just as depression can be triggered by other health problems, there are also mental and medical conditions that can mimic the symptoms of depression. These include: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) . Symptoms such as restlessness, trouble concentrating and staying focused, irritability, and a loss of motivation can occur in both depression and ADHD. Even if your ADHD symptoms weren’t recognized in childhood, that doesn’t mean they’re not impacting you as an adult. Chronic fatigue syndrome or long COVID . Persistent fatigue, changes to your sleep patterns, and difficulty focusing could also point to chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis) or long-haul COVID , where the effects of COVID-19 linger even when you’re no longer testing positive for the virus. While there is still a lot that medical professionals don’t fully understand about these conditions, there are still things you can do to ease symptoms and improve how you feel. Parkinson’s disease . The lack of energy, slow movements, and changes to mood and memory that often accompany Parkinson’s disease can look a lot like depression symptoms in older adults. Fibromyalgia . The widespread musculoskeletal pain of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is often accompanied by sleep, fatigue, and mood changes that can be mistaken for depression. Other sources of chronic pain can also leave you feeling hopeless and exhausted. Other physical conditions, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, anemia, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and vitamin D deficiency, can also trigger depression-like symptoms. Blood tests and other screening methods from a healthcare professional can help identify if these conditions are causing your symptoms. Depression symptoms and suicide risk Depression is a major risk factor for suicide. Deep despair and hopelessness can make suicide feel like the only way to escape the pain. If you have a loved one with depression or a history of depression, take any suicidal talk or behavior seriously and watch for the warning signs: Talking about killing or harming oneself. Expressing strong feelings of hopelessness or being trapped. An unusual preoccupation with death or dying. Acting recklessly, as if they have a death wish (e.g., speeding through red lights). Calling or visiting people to say goodbye. Getting affairs in order (giving away prized possessions, tying up loose ends). Saying things like “Everyone would be better off without me,” or “I want out.” A sudden switch from being extremely down to acting calm and happy. If you think a friend or family member is considering suicide, express your concern and seek help immediately . Talking openly about suicidal thoughts and feelings can save a life. If you are feeling suicidal… When you’re feeling suicidal, your problems don’t seem temporary—they seem overwhelming and permanent. But with time, you will feel better, especially if you get help. There are many people who want to support you during this difficult time, so please reach out! Read Are You Feeling Suicidal? , call 988 in the U.S., or visit IASP or Suicide.org to find a helpline in your country. When to get help When your depressed mood shows no signs of lifting, or you notice that it’s interfering with your daily functioning, don’t hesitate to reach out to a mental health professional. Here are a few reasons why you might seek help for a depressive disorder: A lack of motivation consistently keeps you from getting to work on time. You self-isolate and avoid spending time with loved ones. Irritability leads to you lashing out at friends. You feel stuck in a state of fatigue but can never seem to fall asleep at night. A lack of appetite is leading to low energy levels. Difficulty concentrating is reducing your work quality. You ruminate about self-harm, or you don’t feel like life is worth living. Of course, you don’t have to wait for symptoms of severe depression to emerge before you seek help. Any time you’re struggling with persistent feelings of sadness, it’s wise to talk to a mental health professional. We tested and reviewed the best online psychiatry platforms if virtual visits best meet your needs. Next step In addition to age and gender, depression symptoms can also vary according to the type or severity of your depression. Understanding the type of depression you’re dealing with can help to find the most effective ways to overcome the problem and start to feel better again. Read: Depression Types and Causes . More Information Belmaker, R. H., & Agam, G. (2008). Major Depressive Disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(1), 55–68. Link Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H. G., Shahly, V., Bromet, E., Hwang, I., McLaughlin, K. A., Sampson, N., Andrade, L. H., Girolamo, G. de, Demyttenaere, K., Haro, J. M., Karam, A. N., Kostyuchenko, S., Kovess, V., Lara, C., Levinson, D., Matschinger, H., Nakane, Y., Browne, M. O., … Stein, D. J. (2010). Age differences in the prevalence and co-morbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Depression and Anxiety, 27(4), 351–364. Link Depressive Disorders. (2013). In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . American Psychiatric Association. Link Hirschfeld, Robert M. A. “The Comorbidity of Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Recognition and Management in Primary Care.” Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 3, no. 6 (2001): 244–54. Link Albert, P. R. (2015). Why is depression more prevalent in women? Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : JPN , 40 (4), 219–221. Link Anxiety and Depression in Children \| Children’s Mental Health \| CDC . (n.d.). Link Depression and Older Adults \| National Institute on Aging . (n.d.). Link Depression in older people—Causes, symptoms, treatment \| healthdirect . (n.d.). Link Depression’s Problem With Men. (2021). AMA Journal of Ethics , 23 (7), E586-589. Link Mohammadi, S., Seyedmirzaei, H., Salehi, M. A., Jahanshahi, A., Zakavi, S. S., Dehghani Firouzabadi, F., & Yousem, D. M. (2023). Brain-based Sex Differences in Depression: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies. Brain Imaging and Behavior , 1–29. Link Petito, A., Pop, T. L., Namazova-Baranova, L., Mestrovic, J., Nigri, L., Vural, M., Sacco, M., Giardino, I., Ferrara, P., & Pettoello-Mantovani, M. (2020). The Burden of Depression in Adolescents and the Importance of Early Recognition. The Journal of Pediatrics , 218 , 265-267.e1. Link Teen Depression . (n.d.). Link Zacher Kjeldsen, M.-M., Bricca, A., Liu, X., Frokjaer, V. G., Madsen, K. B., & Munk-Olsen, T. (2022). Family History of Psychiatric Disorders as a Risk Factor for Maternal Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry , 79 (10), 1004–1013. Link Help us help others Millions of readers rely on HelpGuide.org for free, evidence-based resources to understand and navigate mental health challenges. Please donate today to help us save, support, and change lives. Donate to HelpGuide.org today
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How to Cope with Thoughts of Suicide](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/suicide-self-harm/are-you-feeling-suicidal) [![depression-helpline](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/plugins/helpguide-core-functionality/assets/images/svg/depression-helpline.svg) Coping with depression Tips for overcoming depression one step at a time](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/coping-with-depression) [![generalized-helpline](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/plugins/helpguide-core-functionality/assets/images/svg/generalized-helpline.svg) Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms, treatment, and self-help for chronic anxiety](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/anxiety/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad) [Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) # Depression Signs and SymptomsRecognizing and Understanding Depression Last updated on February 17, 2026 Are you depressed? Here are some of the signs of depression to look for—and how symptoms can vary according to your age, gender, and other factors. ![An empty, dark-textured chair sits in a dimly lit corner next to a window with sheer white curtains, representing depression symptoms.](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Depression-Symptoms.jpeg) By [Melinda Smith, M.A.](https://www.helpguide.org/bio/melinda-smith-ma), [Lawrence Robinson](https://www.helpguide.org/bio/lawrence-robinson) and [Jeanne Segal, Ph.D.](https://www.helpguide.org/bio/jeanne-segal-phd), Reviewed by [Jenna Nielsen, MSW, LCSW](https://www.helpguide.org/bio/jenna-nielsen-msw-lcsw) - What is depression? - Depression symptoms and warning signs - Am I depressed? - Depression symptoms in teens and children - Depression symptoms in older adults - Depression symptoms by gender - Is it depression or anxiety? - Depression vs bipolar disorder (manic depression) - Other conditions that can mimic depression symptoms - Depression symptoms and suicide risk - When to get help - Next step ## What is depression? Depression is a mood disorder that involves a sense of deep and persistent sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness. It can weigh down your motivation, self-esteem, and ability to experience pleasure in your daily life. Feeling down from time to time is a normal part of life, but when emotions such as hopelessness and despair take hold and just won’t go away, you may have clinical depression. More than just sadness in response to life’s struggles and setbacks, depression changes how you think, feel, and function in daily activities. Depression symptoms can interfere with your ability to work, study, eat, sleep, and enjoy life. Just trying to get through the day can be overwhelming. While some people describe depression as “living in a black hole” or having a feeling of impending doom, others feel lifeless, empty, and apathetic. Men in particular can feel angry and restless. However you experience the problem, left untreated, it can become a serious health condition. But it’s important to remember that feelings of helplessness and hopelessness are symptoms of depression—not the reality of your situation. No matter how hopeless you feel, you can get better. By recognizing the different symptoms of depression, you can take the first steps to feeling better and overcoming the problem. ## Depression symptoms and warning signs Depression varies from person to person, but there are some common signs and symptoms. It’s important to remember that these symptoms can be part of life’s normal lows. But the more symptoms you have, the stronger they are, and the longer they’ve lasted—the more likely it is that you’re dealing with depression. ### 10 common depression symptoms 1. Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. A bleak outlook—nothing will ever get better, and there’s nothing you can do to improve your situation. 2. Loss of interest in daily activities. You don’t care anymore about former hobbies, pastimes, social activities, or sex. You’ve [lost your ability to feel pleasure](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/anhedonia) and joy. 3. Appetite or weight changes. Significant weight loss or weight gain—a change of more than 5 percent of body weight in a month. 4. Sleep changes. Either [insomnia](https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/sleep/insomnia-causes-and-cures), especially waking in the early hours of the morning, or oversleeping. 5. Anger or irritability. Feeling agitated, restless, or even violent. Your tolerance level is low, your temper short, and everything and everyone gets on your nerves. 6. Loss of energy. Feeling fatigued, sluggish, and physically drained. Your whole body may feel heavy, and even small tasks are exhausting or take longer to complete. 7. Self-loathing. Strong feelings of worthlessness or guilt. You harshly criticize yourself for perceived faults and mistakes. 8. Reckless behavior. You engage in escapist behavior such as substance abuse, [compulsive gambling](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/addiction/gambling-addiction-and-problem-gambling), reckless driving, or dangerous sports. 9. Concentration problems. Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things. 10. Unexplained aches and pains. An increase in physical complaints such as headaches, back pain, aching muscles, and stomach pain. 11. Depression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults. Depression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults. ## Am I depressed? Take our [depression quiz](https://www.helpguide.org/screening-tests/depression-test) to find out: ![](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/DTS_Derma_Danny_Owens_3336-1-384x258.jpg) Quiz ###### Depression Test Take quiz ## Depression symptoms in teens and children It’s not uncommon for young people to be a little moody or reckless. This can be especially true for teens, who are going through a confusing period of change. However, depression in young people runs deeper than the typical challenges of adolescence. [Depression in teens](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/parents-guide-to-teen-depression) and children might include symptoms such as: - Irritability and rebellious behavior, such as acting out in class. - Spending less time with friends. - Disinterest in their usual hobbies. - Increased indecisiveness and decreased ability to concentrate. - Changes in appetite and sleeping patterns. ## Depression symptoms in older adults [Depression in older adults](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-in-older-adults) can often be mistaken for grief. For instance, they might be grieving the loss of independence or the end of a long, successful career. In addition, depressed older adults might not necessarily vocalize sadness. Instead, they tend to show the following symptoms: - Emotional numbness. - Increased aches and pains. - Dizziness. - Memory problems. - Self-isolating, or not leaving the house. ## Depression symptoms by gender Depression symptoms can differ between men and women due to a combination of biological and social factors. For instance, differences in brain circuitry and sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, can affect emotions and mood. Gender norms, social pressures, and behavioral differences likely also play a role. For example, men are less likely to show emotional vulnerability due to ideas of masculinity, while women may be more likely to share their symptoms. ### Men [Depressed men](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-in-men) are less likely to acknowledge feelings of self-loathing and hopelessness. Instead, they tend to complain about fatigue, irritability, sleep problems, and loss of interest in work and hobbies. They’re also more likely to experience symptoms such as anger, aggression, reckless behavior, and substance abuse. ### Women Women are more likely to experience symptoms such as pronounced feelings of guilt, excessive sleeping, overeating, and weight gain. [Depression in women](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-in-women) is also impacted by hormonal factors during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. In fact, [postpartum depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/postpartum-depression-and-the-baby-blues) affects up to one in seven women following childbirth. The risk of this mood disorder doubles when there’s a family history of it. #### Speak to a Licensed Provider Talkiatry is a virtual psychiatry platform that specializes in the treatment of anxiety, depression, ADHD, OCD, child and adolescent care, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and pregnancy and postpartum issues. [Take Assessment](https://talkiatry.sjv.io/xLxLPk) HelpGuide is user supported. We earn a commission if you sign up for Talkiatry’s services after clicking through from this site. [Learn more](https://www.helpguide.org/affiliate-disclosure) ## Is it depression or anxiety? While anxiety and depression are different conditions, they stem from the same biological vulnerability so often go hand-in-hand. Anxiety can both appear as a symptom of depression or it can trigger depression in the first place. In fact, studies suggest that as many as [50 percent](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC181193/) of people with major depression may also suffer from an anxiety disorder. Some of the symptoms of the two conditions can also look very similar, making it difficult to distinguish between the conditions. Irritability, anger, unexplained aches and pains, and changes in energy, focus, and sleeping patterns can occur in both depression and anxiety. Even the persistent dark, negative thoughts commonly associated with depression can look a lot like the endless worry of anxiety. [\[Read: Anxiety Disorders and Anxiety Attacks\]](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/anxiety/anxiety-disorders-and-anxiety-attacks) However, there are also some marked differences. While the symptoms of both depression and anxiety can look very different in different people, the following may help to distinguish between the conditions: - In depression without anxiety, you’re likely to feel sluggish and lifeless with little motivation to do anything. In depression with anxiety, you’re more likely to feel tense and jittery with a racing mind. - In depression without anxiety, you may feel hopeless and helpless about what you see as an inevitably bleak future. In depression with anxiety, you’re more likely to worry over and over about what the future holds, feeling frightened and nervous, but thinking that your worry may hold the key to easing those fears. If you recognize symptoms of anxiety co-occurring with your depression, it’s important to seek treatment for both conditions. Since they’re so closely related, a lot of the self-help and treatment options that work for anxiety will also help manage symptoms of depression. ## Depression vs bipolar disorder (manic depression) [Bipolar disorder](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-signs-and-symptoms), also known as manic depression, involves serious shifts in moods, energy, thinking, and behavior. Because it looks so similar to depression when in the low phase, it is often overlooked and misdiagnosed. This can be a serious problem, as taking [antidepressants](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/antidepressant-medication) for bipolar disorder can actually make the condition worse. If you’ve ever gone through phases where you experienced excessive feelings of euphoria, a decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior, consider getting evaluated for bipolar disorder. ## Other conditions that can mimic depression symptoms Anxiety and bipolar disorder aren’t the only conditions that can be mistaken for depression. Just as depression can be triggered by other health problems, there are also mental and medical conditions that can mimic the symptoms of depression. These include: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Symptoms such as restlessness, trouble concentrating and staying focused, irritability, and a loss of motivation can occur in both depression and ADHD. Even if your [ADHD symptoms](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/adhd/adhd-in-adults) weren’t recognized in childhood, that doesn’t mean they’re not impacting you as an adult. Chronic fatigue syndrome or long COVID. Persistent fatigue, changes to your sleep patterns, and difficulty focusing could also point to chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis) or [long-haul COVID](https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/health-conditions/long-covid-symptoms-and-treatment), where the effects of COVID-19 linger even when you’re no longer testing positive for the virus. While there is still a lot that medical professionals don’t fully understand about these conditions, there are still things you can do to ease symptoms and improve how you feel. Parkinson’s disease. The lack of energy, slow movements, and changes to mood and memory that often accompany [Parkinson’s disease](https://www.helpguide.org/aging/dementia/parkinsons-disease-and-parkinsons-dementia) can look a lot like depression symptoms in older adults. Fibromyalgia. The widespread musculoskeletal pain of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is often accompanied by sleep, fatigue, and mood changes that can be mistaken for depression. Other sources of [chronic pain](https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/health-conditions/chronic-pain-and-mental-health) can also leave you feeling hopeless and exhausted. Other physical conditions, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, anemia, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and vitamin D deficiency, can also trigger depression-like symptoms. Blood tests and other screening methods from a healthcare professional can help identify if these conditions are causing your symptoms. ## Depression symptoms and suicide risk Depression is a major risk factor for suicide. Deep despair and hopelessness can make suicide feel like the only way to escape the pain. If you have a loved one with depression or a history of depression, take any suicidal talk or behavior seriously and watch for the warning signs: - Talking about killing or harming oneself. - Expressing strong feelings of hopelessness or being trapped. - An unusual preoccupation with death or dying. - Acting recklessly, as if they have a death wish (e.g., speeding through red lights). - Calling or visiting people to say goodbye. - Getting affairs in order (giving away prized possessions, tying up loose ends). - Saying things like “Everyone would be better off without me,” or “I want out.” - A sudden switch from being extremely down to acting calm and happy. If you think a friend or family member is considering suicide, [express your concern and seek help immediately](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/suicide-self-harm/suicide-prevention-tips). Talking openly about suicidal thoughts and feelings can save a life. #### If you are feeling suicidal… When you’re feeling suicidal, your problems don’t seem temporary—they seem overwhelming and permanent. But with time, you will feel better, especially if you get help. There are many people who want to support you during this difficult time, so please reach out\! Read [Are You Feeling Suicidal?](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/suicide-self-harm/are-you-feeling-suicidal), call 988 in the U.S., or visit [IASP](http://www.iasp.info/resources/Crisis_Centres/) or [Suicide.org](http://www.suicide.org/international-suicide-hotlines.html) to find a helpline in your country. ## When to get help When your depressed mood shows no signs of lifting, or you notice that it’s interfering with your daily functioning, don’t hesitate to reach out to a mental health professional. Here are a few reasons why you might seek help for a depressive disorder: - A lack of motivation consistently keeps you from getting to work on time. - You self-isolate and avoid spending time with loved ones. - Irritability leads to you lashing out at friends. - You feel stuck in a state of fatigue but can never seem to fall asleep at night. - A lack of appetite is leading to low energy levels. - Difficulty concentrating is reducing your work quality. - You ruminate about self-harm, or you don’t feel like life is worth living. Of course, you don’t have to wait for symptoms of severe depression to emerge before you seek help. Any time you’re struggling with persistent feelings of sadness, it’s wise to talk to a mental health professional. We tested and reviewed the [best online psychiatry platforms](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/treatment/best-online-psychiatry) if virtual visits best meet your needs. ## Next step In addition to age and gender, depression symptoms can also vary according to the type or severity of your depression. Understanding the type of depression you’re dealing with can help to find the most effective ways to overcome the problem and start to feel better again. Read: [Depression Types and Causes](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-types-causes-and-risk-factors). #### Depression support and suicide prevention help ##### Depression support - In the U.S. Find [DBSA Chapters/Support Groups](http://www.dbsalliance.org/site/PageServer?pagename=peer_support_group_locator) or call the [NAMI Helpline](http://www.nami.org/Find-Support/NAMI-HelpLine) for support and referrals at 1-800-950-6264 - UK Find [Depression support groups](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stress-anxiety-depression/depression-help-groups/) in-person and online or call the [Mind Infoline](https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/helplines/) at 0300 123 3393 - Australia Call the [SANE Help Centre](https://www.sane.org/get-support) at 1800 18 7263 - Canada Call [Mood Disorders Society of Canada](https://mdsc.ca/finding-help/) at 613-921-5565 - India Call the Vandrevala Foundation [Helpline (India)](https://www.vandrevalafoundation.com/) at 1860 2662 345 or 1800 2333 330 ##### Suicide prevention help - In the U.S. Call [988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline](https://988lifeline.org/) at 988 - UK and Ireland Call [Samaritans UK](http://www.samaritans.org/) at 116 123 - Australia Call [Lifeline Australia](https://www.lifeline.org.au/) at 13 11 14 - Other countries Visit [IASP](https://www.iasp.info/resources/Crisis_Centres/) or [Suicide.org](http://www.suicide.org/international-suicide-hotlines.html) to find a helpline near you ## More Information References 1. Belmaker, R. H., & Agam, G. (2008). Major Depressive Disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(1), 55–68. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra073096) 2. Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H. G., Shahly, V., Bromet, E., Hwang, I., McLaughlin, K. A., Sampson, N., Andrade, L. H., Girolamo, G. de, Demyttenaere, K., Haro, J. M., Karam, A. N., Kostyuchenko, S., Kovess, V., Lara, C., Levinson, D., Matschinger, H., Nakane, Y., Browne, M. O., … Stein, D. J. (2010). Age differences in the prevalence and co-morbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Depression and Anxiety, 27(4), 351–364. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20634) 3. Depressive Disorders. (2013). In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.x04_Depressive_Disorders) 4. Hirschfeld, Robert M. A. “The Comorbidity of Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Recognition and Management in Primary Care.” Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 3, no. 6 (2001): 244–54. [Link](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC181193/) 5. Albert, P. R. (2015). Why is depression more prevalent in women? Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : JPN, 40(4), 219–221. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.150205) 6. Anxiety and Depression in Children \\| Children’s Mental Health \\| CDC. (n.d.). [Link](https://www.cdc.gov/children-mental-health/about/about-anxiety-and-depression-in-children.html) 7. Depression and Older Adults \\| National Institute on Aging. (n.d.). [Link](https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/mental-and-emotional-health/depression-and-older-adults) 8. Depression in older people—Causes, symptoms, treatment \\| healthdirect. (n.d.). [Link](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression-in-older-people) 9. Depression’s Problem With Men. (2021). AMA Journal of Ethics, 23(7), E586-589. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2021.586) 10. Mohammadi, S., Seyedmirzaei, H., Salehi, M. A., Jahanshahi, A., Zakavi, S. S., Dehghani Firouzabadi, F., & Yousem, D. M. (2023). Brain-based Sex Differences in Depression: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 1–29. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-023-00772-8) 11. Petito, A., Pop, T. L., Namazova-Baranova, L., Mestrovic, J., Nigri, L., Vural, M., Sacco, M., Giardino, I., Ferrara, P., & Pettoello-Mantovani, M. (2020). The Burden of Depression in Adolescents and the Importance of Early Recognition. The Journal of Pediatrics, 218, 265-267.e1. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.003) 12. Teen Depression. (n.d.). [Link](https://medlineplus.gov/teendepression.html) 13. Zacher Kjeldsen, M.-M., Bricca, A., Liu, X., Frokjaer, V. G., Madsen, K. B., & Munk-Olsen, T. (2022). Family History of Psychiatric Disorders as a Risk Factor for Maternal Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 79(10), 1004–1013. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2400) [Copy Link](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs) Link copied\! Share Print Download PDF ## More in Depression [Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) ### [Depression Types and Causes](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-types-causes-and-risk-factors) What type of depression do you have and what’s causing it? [![A woman stands forlornly in front of a subway train, illustrating her clinical depression, one of several types of depression.](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Clinical-Depression-384x256.jpeg)](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-types-causes-and-risk-factors) [Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) ### [Depression in Women](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-in-women) Signs, symptoms, and causes of female depression and what to do [![A woman in a tan cardigan and blue jeans sits on a grey bed with her legs crossed, representing the experience of depression in women.](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Depression-in-Women-e1677198061154-384x256.jpeg)](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-in-women) [Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) ### [Depression in Men](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-in-men) What it looks like and how to get help [![A man sits anxiously on a couch, showcasing his watch, embodying a symptom of depression in men.](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Depression-in-Men-e1677197898832-384x256.jpeg)](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-in-men) [Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) ### [High-Functioning Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/high-functioning-depression) When you’re struggling beneath the surface [![A man stands alone in a subway station in front of a crowded train highlighting the nature of high-functioning depression](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/High-Functioning-Depression-384x256.jpg)](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/high-functioning-depression) [Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) ### [The Connection Between Sleep and Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/sleep-and-depression-connection) How one affects the other [![A rumpled bed with a messed-up white sheet and blanket, illustrating the connection between sleep and depression](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/The-Connection-Between-Sleep-and-Depression-384x256.jpg)](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/sleep-and-depression-connection) [Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) ### [Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd) Symptoms, causes, and self-care for PMDD [![A person's hand with long fingernails reaches out to touch the dense green leaves of a bush in soft, dappled light.](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Picture1-384x256.jpg)](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd) [Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) ### [I Feel Depressed](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/i-feel-depressed) 9 Ways to Fight Depression [![A woman stands alone in an empty room, highlighting how she feels depressed.](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/I-Feel-Depressed-384x256.jpg)](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/i-feel-depressed) [Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) ### [Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/treatment/electroconvulsive-therapy-ect) How it works and how to decide if it’s the right treatment for you [![Six orange cables curve in overlapping arches against a dark, shadowy background.](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/ECT-384x256.jpeg)](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/treatment/electroconvulsive-therapy-ect) Share Download PDF ### More in Depression [Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) ### [Depression Types and Causes](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-types-causes-and-risk-factors) What type of depression do you have and what’s causing it? [Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) ### [Depression in Women](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-in-women) Signs, symptoms, and causes of female depression and what to do [Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) ### [Depression in Men](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-in-men) What it looks like and how to get help ![](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/therapy-sidebar-384x229.jpg) #### Professional therapy, done online BetterHelp makes starting therapy easy. Take the assessment and get matched with a professional, licensed therapist. [Take Assessment](https://hasofferstracking.betterhelp.com/aff_c?offer_id=2&aff_id=2729&source=helpguide) [HelpGuide is user supported. 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Readable Markdown	[Depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression) ## Depression Signs and SymptomsRecognizing and Understanding Depression Last updated on February 17, 2026 Are you depressed? Here are some of the signs of depression to look for—and how symptoms can vary according to your age, gender, and other factors. ![An empty, dark-textured chair sits in a dimly lit corner next to a window with sheer white curtains, representing depression symptoms.](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Depression-Symptoms.jpeg) ## What is depression? Depression is a mood disorder that involves a sense of deep and persistent sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness. It can weigh down your motivation, self-esteem, and ability to experience pleasure in your daily life. Feeling down from time to time is a normal part of life, but when emotions such as hopelessness and despair take hold and just won’t go away, you may have clinical depression. More than just sadness in response to life’s struggles and setbacks, depression changes how you think, feel, and function in daily activities. Depression symptoms can interfere with your ability to work, study, eat, sleep, and enjoy life. Just trying to get through the day can be overwhelming. While some people describe depression as “living in a black hole” or having a feeling of impending doom, others feel lifeless, empty, and apathetic. Men in particular can feel angry and restless. However you experience the problem, left untreated, it can become a serious health condition. But it’s important to remember that feelings of helplessness and hopelessness are symptoms of depression—not the reality of your situation. No matter how hopeless you feel, you can get better. By recognizing the different symptoms of depression, you can take the first steps to feeling better and overcoming the problem. Depression varies from person to person, but there are some common signs and symptoms. It’s important to remember that these symptoms can be part of life’s normal lows. But the more symptoms you have, the stronger they are, and the longer they’ve lasted—the more likely it is that you’re dealing with depression. ### 10 common depression symptoms 1. Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. A bleak outlook—nothing will ever get better, and there’s nothing you can do to improve your situation. 2. Loss of interest in daily activities. You don’t care anymore about former hobbies, pastimes, social activities, or sex. You’ve [lost your ability to feel pleasure](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/anhedonia) and joy. 3. Appetite or weight changes. Significant weight loss or weight gain—a change of more than 5 percent of body weight in a month. 4. Sleep changes. Either [insomnia](https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/sleep/insomnia-causes-and-cures), especially waking in the early hours of the morning, or oversleeping. 5. Anger or irritability. Feeling agitated, restless, or even violent. Your tolerance level is low, your temper short, and everything and everyone gets on your nerves. 6. Loss of energy. Feeling fatigued, sluggish, and physically drained. Your whole body may feel heavy, and even small tasks are exhausting or take longer to complete. 7. Self-loathing. Strong feelings of worthlessness or guilt. You harshly criticize yourself for perceived faults and mistakes. 8. Reckless behavior. You engage in escapist behavior such as substance abuse, [compulsive gambling](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/addiction/gambling-addiction-and-problem-gambling), reckless driving, or dangerous sports. 9. Concentration problems. Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things. 10. Unexplained aches and pains. An increase in physical complaints such as headaches, back pain, aching muscles, and stomach pain. 11. Depression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults. Depression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults. ## Am I depressed? Take our [depression quiz](https://www.helpguide.org/screening-tests/depression-test) to find out: ![](https://www.helpguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/DTS_Derma_Danny_Owens_3336-1-384x258.jpg) Quiz ###### Depression Test ## Depression symptoms in teens and children It’s not uncommon for young people to be a little moody or reckless. This can be especially true for teens, who are going through a confusing period of change. However, depression in young people runs deeper than the typical challenges of adolescence. [Depression in teens](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/parents-guide-to-teen-depression) and children might include symptoms such as: - Irritability and rebellious behavior, such as acting out in class. - Spending less time with friends. - Disinterest in their usual hobbies. - Increased indecisiveness and decreased ability to concentrate. - Changes in appetite and sleeping patterns. ## Depression symptoms in older adults [Depression in older adults](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-in-older-adults) can often be mistaken for grief. For instance, they might be grieving the loss of independence or the end of a long, successful career. In addition, depressed older adults might not necessarily vocalize sadness. Instead, they tend to show the following symptoms: - Emotional numbness. - Increased aches and pains. - Dizziness. - Memory problems. - Self-isolating, or not leaving the house. ## Depression symptoms by gender Depression symptoms can differ between men and women due to a combination of biological and social factors. For instance, differences in brain circuitry and sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, can affect emotions and mood. Gender norms, social pressures, and behavioral differences likely also play a role. For example, men are less likely to show emotional vulnerability due to ideas of masculinity, while women may be more likely to share their symptoms. ### Men [Depressed men](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-in-men) are less likely to acknowledge feelings of self-loathing and hopelessness. Instead, they tend to complain about fatigue, irritability, sleep problems, and loss of interest in work and hobbies. They’re also more likely to experience symptoms such as anger, aggression, reckless behavior, and substance abuse. ### Women Women are more likely to experience symptoms such as pronounced feelings of guilt, excessive sleeping, overeating, and weight gain. [Depression in women](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-in-women) is also impacted by hormonal factors during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. In fact, [postpartum depression](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/postpartum-depression-and-the-baby-blues) affects up to one in seven women following childbirth. The risk of this mood disorder doubles when there’s a family history of it. #### Speak to a Licensed Provider Talkiatry is a virtual psychiatry platform that specializes in the treatment of anxiety, depression, ADHD, OCD, child and adolescent care, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and pregnancy and postpartum issues. [Take Assessment](https://talkiatry.sjv.io/xLxLPk) HelpGuide is user supported. We earn a commission if you sign up for Talkiatry’s services after clicking through from this site. [Learn more](https://www.helpguide.org/affiliate-disclosure) ## Is it depression or anxiety? While anxiety and depression are different conditions, they stem from the same biological vulnerability so often go hand-in-hand. Anxiety can both appear as a symptom of depression or it can trigger depression in the first place. In fact, studies suggest that as many as [50 percent](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC181193/) of people with major depression may also suffer from an anxiety disorder. Some of the symptoms of the two conditions can also look very similar, making it difficult to distinguish between the conditions. Irritability, anger, unexplained aches and pains, and changes in energy, focus, and sleeping patterns can occur in both depression and anxiety. Even the persistent dark, negative thoughts commonly associated with depression can look a lot like the endless worry of anxiety. [\[Read: Anxiety Disorders and Anxiety Attacks\]](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/anxiety/anxiety-disorders-and-anxiety-attacks) However, there are also some marked differences. While the symptoms of both depression and anxiety can look very different in different people, the following may help to distinguish between the conditions: - In depression without anxiety, you’re likely to feel sluggish and lifeless with little motivation to do anything. In depression with anxiety, you’re more likely to feel tense and jittery with a racing mind. - In depression without anxiety, you may feel hopeless and helpless about what you see as an inevitably bleak future. In depression with anxiety, you’re more likely to worry over and over about what the future holds, feeling frightened and nervous, but thinking that your worry may hold the key to easing those fears. If you recognize symptoms of anxiety co-occurring with your depression, it’s important to seek treatment for both conditions. Since they’re so closely related, a lot of the self-help and treatment options that work for anxiety will also help manage symptoms of depression. ## Depression vs bipolar disorder (manic depression) [Bipolar disorder](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-signs-and-symptoms), also known as manic depression, involves serious shifts in moods, energy, thinking, and behavior. Because it looks so similar to depression when in the low phase, it is often overlooked and misdiagnosed. This can be a serious problem, as taking [antidepressants](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/antidepressant-medication) for bipolar disorder can actually make the condition worse. If you’ve ever gone through phases where you experienced excessive feelings of euphoria, a decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior, consider getting evaluated for bipolar disorder. ## Other conditions that can mimic depression symptoms Anxiety and bipolar disorder aren’t the only conditions that can be mistaken for depression. Just as depression can be triggered by other health problems, there are also mental and medical conditions that can mimic the symptoms of depression. These include: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Symptoms such as restlessness, trouble concentrating and staying focused, irritability, and a loss of motivation can occur in both depression and ADHD. Even if your [ADHD symptoms](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/adhd/adhd-in-adults) weren’t recognized in childhood, that doesn’t mean they’re not impacting you as an adult. Chronic fatigue syndrome or long COVID. Persistent fatigue, changes to your sleep patterns, and difficulty focusing could also point to chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis) or [long-haul COVID](https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/health-conditions/long-covid-symptoms-and-treatment), where the effects of COVID-19 linger even when you’re no longer testing positive for the virus. While there is still a lot that medical professionals don’t fully understand about these conditions, there are still things you can do to ease symptoms and improve how you feel. Parkinson’s disease. The lack of energy, slow movements, and changes to mood and memory that often accompany [Parkinson’s disease](https://www.helpguide.org/aging/dementia/parkinsons-disease-and-parkinsons-dementia) can look a lot like depression symptoms in older adults. Fibromyalgia. The widespread musculoskeletal pain of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is often accompanied by sleep, fatigue, and mood changes that can be mistaken for depression. Other sources of [chronic pain](https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/health-conditions/chronic-pain-and-mental-health) can also leave you feeling hopeless and exhausted. Other physical conditions, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, anemia, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and vitamin D deficiency, can also trigger depression-like symptoms. Blood tests and other screening methods from a healthcare professional can help identify if these conditions are causing your symptoms. ## Depression symptoms and suicide risk Depression is a major risk factor for suicide. Deep despair and hopelessness can make suicide feel like the only way to escape the pain. If you have a loved one with depression or a history of depression, take any suicidal talk or behavior seriously and watch for the warning signs: - Talking about killing or harming oneself. - Expressing strong feelings of hopelessness or being trapped. - An unusual preoccupation with death or dying. - Acting recklessly, as if they have a death wish (e.g., speeding through red lights). - Calling or visiting people to say goodbye. - Getting affairs in order (giving away prized possessions, tying up loose ends). - Saying things like “Everyone would be better off without me,” or “I want out.” - A sudden switch from being extremely down to acting calm and happy. If you think a friend or family member is considering suicide, [express your concern and seek help immediately](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/suicide-self-harm/suicide-prevention-tips). Talking openly about suicidal thoughts and feelings can save a life. #### If you are feeling suicidal… When you’re feeling suicidal, your problems don’t seem temporary—they seem overwhelming and permanent. But with time, you will feel better, especially if you get help. There are many people who want to support you during this difficult time, so please reach out\! Read [Are You Feeling Suicidal?](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/suicide-self-harm/are-you-feeling-suicidal), call 988 in the U.S., or visit [IASP](http://www.iasp.info/resources/Crisis_Centres/) or [Suicide.org](http://www.suicide.org/international-suicide-hotlines.html) to find a helpline in your country. ## When to get help When your depressed mood shows no signs of lifting, or you notice that it’s interfering with your daily functioning, don’t hesitate to reach out to a mental health professional. Here are a few reasons why you might seek help for a depressive disorder: - A lack of motivation consistently keeps you from getting to work on time. - You self-isolate and avoid spending time with loved ones. - Irritability leads to you lashing out at friends. - You feel stuck in a state of fatigue but can never seem to fall asleep at night. - A lack of appetite is leading to low energy levels. - Difficulty concentrating is reducing your work quality. - You ruminate about self-harm, or you don’t feel like life is worth living. Of course, you don’t have to wait for symptoms of severe depression to emerge before you seek help. Any time you’re struggling with persistent feelings of sadness, it’s wise to talk to a mental health professional. We tested and reviewed the [best online psychiatry platforms](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/treatment/best-online-psychiatry) if virtual visits best meet your needs. ## Next step In addition to age and gender, depression symptoms can also vary according to the type or severity of your depression. Understanding the type of depression you’re dealing with can help to find the most effective ways to overcome the problem and start to feel better again. Read: [Depression Types and Causes](https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-types-causes-and-risk-factors). ## More Information 1. Belmaker, R. H., & Agam, G. (2008). Major Depressive Disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(1), 55–68. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra073096) 2. Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H. G., Shahly, V., Bromet, E., Hwang, I., McLaughlin, K. A., Sampson, N., Andrade, L. H., Girolamo, G. de, Demyttenaere, K., Haro, J. M., Karam, A. N., Kostyuchenko, S., Kovess, V., Lara, C., Levinson, D., Matschinger, H., Nakane, Y., Browne, M. O., … Stein, D. J. (2010). Age differences in the prevalence and co-morbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Depression and Anxiety, 27(4), 351–364. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20634) 3. Depressive Disorders. (2013). In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.x04_Depressive_Disorders) 4. Hirschfeld, Robert M. A. “The Comorbidity of Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Recognition and Management in Primary Care.” Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 3, no. 6 (2001): 244–54. [Link](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC181193/) 5. Albert, P. R. (2015). Why is depression more prevalent in women? Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : JPN, 40(4), 219–221. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.150205) 6. Anxiety and Depression in Children \\| Children’s Mental Health \\| CDC. (n.d.). [Link](https://www.cdc.gov/children-mental-health/about/about-anxiety-and-depression-in-children.html) 7. Depression and Older Adults \\| National Institute on Aging. (n.d.). [Link](https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/mental-and-emotional-health/depression-and-older-adults) 8. Depression in older people—Causes, symptoms, treatment \\| healthdirect. (n.d.). [Link](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression-in-older-people) 9. Depression’s Problem With Men. (2021). AMA Journal of Ethics, 23(7), E586-589. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2021.586) 10. Mohammadi, S., Seyedmirzaei, H., Salehi, M. A., Jahanshahi, A., Zakavi, S. S., Dehghani Firouzabadi, F., & Yousem, D. M. (2023). Brain-based Sex Differences in Depression: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 1–29. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-023-00772-8) 11. Petito, A., Pop, T. L., Namazova-Baranova, L., Mestrovic, J., Nigri, L., Vural, M., Sacco, M., Giardino, I., Ferrara, P., & Pettoello-Mantovani, M. (2020). The Burden of Depression in Adolescents and the Importance of Early Recognition. The Journal of Pediatrics, 218, 265-267.e1. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.003) 12. Teen Depression. (n.d.). [Link](https://medlineplus.gov/teendepression.html) 13. Zacher Kjeldsen, M.-M., Bricca, A., Liu, X., Frokjaer, V. G., Madsen, K. B., & Munk-Olsen, T. (2022). Family History of Psychiatric Disorders as a Risk Factor for Maternal Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 79(10), 1004–1013. [Link](https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2400) ## Help us help others Millions of readers rely on HelpGuide.org for free, evidence-based resources to understand and navigate mental health challenges. Please donate today to help us save, support, and change lives. 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