🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 98 (from laksa055)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa098.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/immune-boosting-supplements\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/immune-boosting-supplements\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/immune-boosting-supplements","crawl_time":1775030302,"first_indexed_time":1585073273,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,healthline!www,\/nutrition\/immune-boosting-supplements s443","src_root_hash":"11478817528691466898","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Can Supplements Fight Coronavirus (COVID-19)? 15 Immune Boosters","meta_descriptions":["No supplements will cure or prevent disease, including COVID-19, but some may help. Here are 15 supplements known to offer immune-boosting potential."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Deficiencies in certain vitamins, including vitamin C, zinc, and others, may weaken your immune system. Taking supplements of these vitamins may help support immune system function.\nYour immune system consists of a complex collection of cells, processes, and chemicals that\ndefend your body\nagainst invading pathogens, including viruses, toxins, and bacteria.\nKeeping your immune system healthy is key to preventing infection and disease.\nSome research suggests supplementing with certain vitamins, minerals, and herbs may help boost your immune system.\nHowever, it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before trying a new supplement, as some supplements may interact with medications.\nHere are 15 supplements that are known for their immune-boosting potential.\nVitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient essential to the health and functioning of your immune system.\nVitamin D\nenhances\nthe pathogen-fighting effects of monocytes and macrophages — white blood cells that are important parts of your immune defense — and decreases inflammation, which helps promote immune response.\nVitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of several conditions,\nsuch as\n:\nosteoporosis\nsome types of cancer\ntype 2 diabetes\ncardiovascular disease\ndepression\nResearch suggests that supplementing with vitamin D may help improve immune response.\nFor example, a\n2019 review\nfound that\nsupplementing with vitamin D\nsignificantly decreased the risk of respiratory infections in people deficient in this vitamin and lowered infection risk in those with adequate vitamin D levels.\nVitamin D has also been researched in connection with COVID-19 because of its effect on the immune system. It may\nhelp expedite\nhealing and stall inflammation in the respiratory system.\nHowever, more research is needed to fully support its effects in the treatment of COVID-19.\nThe recommended daily intake of vitamin D is\n15 micrograms (600 IU)\nfor adults. However, it’s best to speak with a healthcare professional. They could help determine the best amount for you.\nSupplements 101: Vitamin D\nZinc\nis a mineral commonly added to supplements and other healthcare products.\nIt’s\nessential\nfor immune system function because it helps:\nimmune cell development and communication\nreduce inflammation\nprotect tissue barriers in the body\nprevent foreign pathogens from entering\nZinc deficiency may affect your immune system’s ability to function properly, resulting in an\nincreased\nrisk of infection and disease, including pneumonia.\nZinc deficiency affects around\n2 billion people\nworldwide and up to 30% of older adults.\nResearch suggests that\nzinc supplements\nmay be beneficial for people who are already sick. For example, it could\nhelp reduce\nthe duration of the common cold.\nTaking zinc long-term is typically safe for healthy adults, as long as the daily dose is under the set upper limit of\n40 milligrams (mg)\nof elemental zinc per day.\nExcessive doses may interfere with copper and iron absorption, which could increase your infection risk.\nVitamin C is perhaps the most popular supplement for protecting against infection due to its important role in immune health.\nThis vitamin\nsupports the function\nof various immune cells and enhances their ability to protect against infection. It may also help:\npromote cellular death by clearing out old cells and replacing them with new ones\nfunction as an antioxidant and protect against oxidative stress\nreduce the duration and severity of upper respiratory tract infections, including the\ncommon cold\nAdditionally, high dose intravenous vitamin C treatment may help improve symptoms in people with severe infections,\nincluding\nsepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) resulting from viral infections.\nThat said,\nmore research\nis needed to fully support the role of vitamin C supplementation in this setting.\nThe upper limit for vitamin C is\n2,000 mg\n. Supplemental daily doses are typically between 250 and 1,000 mg.\nBlack elderberry (Sambucus nigra), which has long been used to treat infections, is being researched for its effects on immune health.\nAnimal studies\nsuggest\nelderberry\nextract may have antiviral potential against pathogens responsible for upper respiratory tract infections and strains of the influenza virus.\nA\n2018 review\nfound that elderberry supplements may help reduce\nupper respiratory symptoms\ncaused by viral infections. Similarly, a\n2021 review\nnoted that elderberry may help reduce the duration and severity of colds.\nSome people recommend using elderberry supplements only in the early stages of COVID-19. However,\nno research\nhas evaluated the use of elderberry for COVID-19.\nRaw elderberries\nshould be\ncooked before consumption. This helps destroy sambunigrin, a compound found in elderberries that may cause cyanide poisoning.\nSpeak with a healthcare professional before taking elderberry supplements.\nElderberry supplements are most often sold in liquid or capsule form.\nMedicinal mushrooms have been used since ancient times to help prevent and treat infection and disease.\nResearch suggests that many types of medicinal mushrooms may\nhelp boost\nthe immune system.\nFor example, a\n2017 study\nin mice with tuberculosis found that treatment with\ncordyceps\nhelped reduce bacterial load in the lungs, enhance immune response, and reduce inflammation.\nSimilarly, a\n2019 study\nin 79 adults found that supplementing with 1.7 grams (g) of cordyceps mycelium culture extract led to a 38% increase in the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, a type of white blood cell that protects against infection.\nTurkey tail\nis another medicinal mushroom that\nmay enhance\nimmune response, especially in people with certain types of cancer.\nMedicinal mushroom products can be found in the form of tinctures, teas, and supplements.\nA wide range of other supplements may help improve your immune system.\nHowever, it’s important to note that more research is needed to support their full effects. Speak with a healthcare professional before taking any new supplements.\n6. Astragalus\nAstragalus\nis an herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).\nAnimal research\nsuggests its extract may significantly improve immune-related responses.\n7. Selenium\nSelenium is an essential mineral for immune health.\nAnimal research demonstrates that selenium supplements may enhance antiviral defense against influenza strains, including\nH1N1\nand\nH9N2\n.\n8. Garlic\nGarlic\nhas powerful anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties.\nResearch\nsuggests it may help enhance immune health by stimulating and enhancing certain cytokines.\n9. Andrographis\nThis herb contains andrographolide, a terpenoid compound that may have antiviral effects against several respiratory disease-causing viruses. It works by stimulating different types of cells,\nsuch as\ncytokine T cells and natural killer cells.\n10. Licorice\nLicorice contains many substances, including glycyrrhizin, that may help protect against viral infections.\nResearch\nsuggests glycyrrhizin has several anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immune-boosting properties that could help protect against several illnesses, such as:\nhepatitis A, B, and C viruses\nvesicular stomatitis virus\nherpes simplex virus\ninfluenza A\nrespiratory-syndrome–related coronavirus (SARS-CoV)\nrespiratory syncytial virus\nvaccinia virus\narboviruses\n11. Pelargonium sidoides\nSome\nhuman research\nsupports the use of this African geranium extract to help alleviate symptoms of acute viral respiratory infections, including the common cold and bronchitis.\nStill, results are mixed, and more research is needed.\n12. B complex vitamins\nB vitamins, including B12 and B6, are important for a healthy immune response.\nYet, many adults are\ndeficient\nin them, which may negatively affect immune health.\n13. Curcumin\nCurcumin is the main active compound in turmeric. It has powerful anti-inflammatory properties, and animal studies indicate that it may\nhelp improve\nimmune function.\n14. Echinacea\nEchinacea\nis a genus of plants in the daisy family.\nCertain species have been shown to\nimprove\nimmune health and may protect against upper respiratory tract infections, though research is mixed.\n15. Propolis\nPropolis is a resin-like material honeybees produce for use as a sealant in hives.\nThough it has impressive\nimmune-enhancing effects\nand may have antiviral properties as well, more human research is needed.\nWhat is the strongest immune system booster?\nThere’s no single, most powerful immune system booster. However, some foods, including bell peppers, fish, almonds, and citrus fruits, provide nutrients that may help strengthen your immune system.\nWhat can I drink to boost my immune system?\nBeverages,\nsuch as\ngreen tea, that contain antioxidants may help boost the immune system. But more research is needed.\nDo any immune supplements actually work?\nResearch suggests that some supplements — like vitamin D, medicinal mushrooms, and elderberry — may help boost the immune system. However, more research is needed, and it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before trying a new supplement.\nMany supplements on the market may help\nimprove immune health\n, such as zinc, elderberry, and vitamins C and D, among others.\nAlthough these supplements may offer a small benefit for immune health, they can’t be used to replace a healthy diet and lifestyle.\nIf you decide you want to try a supplement, speak with a healthcare professional first, as some supplements may interact with certain medications or are inappropriate for some people.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  Health Conditions\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n  \n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer Care](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/cancer-care)\n  - [Caregiving for Alzheimer's Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/alzheimers-disease)\n  - [Chronic Kidney Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/ckd)\n  - [Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/copd)\n  - 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Connect with us for all things health.\n\nSubscribe\n\n[COVID-19](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/immune-boosting-supplements)\n\n- [Vaccines Basics](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-long-does-covid-vaccine-protect-you)\n- [Testing](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/types-of-covid-tests)\n- [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/coronavirus-covid-19)\n\nExplore more in\n\n- Causes & Risk Factors\n- Complications\n- Diagnosis\n- Diet\n- Home Remedies\n- Management\n- Prognosis\n- Related Conditions\n- Symptoms\n- Treatment\n- Types\n\nAnxiety\n\n#### Related Hubs\n[![Mental Well-Being](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/digestive-health-crohns-disease.png)Mental Well-Being A holistic guide to care](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health)\n\n[![Anxiety Treatment and Management](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/mental-well-being-Treatment-for-anxiety.png)Anxiety Treatment and Management A guide to therapy, medications, and techniques for managing anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/anxiety)\n#### Related Topics\n- ### Causes & Risk Factors\n  Causes & Risk Factors\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Causes & Risk Factors](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-causes)\n  - [Anemia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/anemia-and-anxiety)\n  - [Common Triggers](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/anxiety-triggers)\n  - [Caffeine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/caffeine-and-anxiety)\n  - [Genetics](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/is-anxiety-genetic)\n  - [Perimenopause](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/perimenopause-anxiety)\n  - [Dehydration](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/dehydration-and-anxiety)\n  - [Long COVID](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/long-covid-and-anxiety)\n  - [Alcohol](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/alcohol-and-anxiety)\n  - [After Eating](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-after-eating)\n  - [Trauma](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/whats-the-relationship-between-trauma-and-anxiety)\n- ### Complications\n  Complications\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Diarrhea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-diarrhea)\n  - [Erectile Dysfunction](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/erectile-dysfunction-anxiety-stress)\n  - [Memory Loss](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/anxiety-and-memory-loss)\n  - [Waking Up with a Panic Attack](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/waking-up-with-panic-attack)\n  - [Rebound Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/rebound-anxiety)\n- ### Diagnosis\n  Diagnosis\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Diagnosis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-diagnosis)\n- ### Diet\n  Diet\n  \n  #### Related Hub\n  [![Nutrition & Supplements](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/eye-health-nutrition-and-supplements.png)Nutrition & Supplements Nutrition tips and tools for supporting mental well-being](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/nutrition-supplements)\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Diet](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/6-foods-that-reduce-anxiety)\n- ### Home Remedies\n  Home Remedies\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Home Remedies](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-alternative-treatments)\n  - [333 Rule](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/333-rule-anxiety)\n  - [Breathing into a Paper Bag](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/breathing-into-a-paper-bag)\n  - [Cold Shower](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/cold-shower-for-anxiety)\n  - [Best Essential Oils](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/essential-oils-for-anxiety)\n  - [Melatonin](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/melatonin-for-anxiety)\n  - [Best CBD for Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/best-cbd-oil-for-anxiety)\n  - [Anxiety Relief Products](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/best-products-to-fight-stress-and-anxiety)\n  - [Calming Tips](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-to-calm-anxiety)\n  - [Natural Products](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/natural-anti-anxiety)\n  - [Pressure Points](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pressure-points-for-anxiety)\n  - [Jacobson's Relaxation Technique](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/what-is-jacobson-relaxation-technique)\n  - [Weighted Blankets](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/do-weighted-blankets-work)\n  - [Psilocybin Mushrooms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/mushrooms-for-anxiety)\n  - [Best Fidget Toys](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/fidget-toys-for-anxiety)\n- ### Management\n  Management\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Management](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/how-to-cope-with-anxiety)\n  - [Bowel Movements](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/is-anxiety-making-you-poop-heres-how-to-soothe)\n  - [Tips for Social Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/how-to-get-over-social-anxiety)\n  - [Yoga Poses](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/yoga-for-anxiety)\n  - [Breating Exercises](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/breathing-exercises-for-anxiety)\n  - [Lifestyle Tips](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/natural-ways-to-reduce-anxiety)\n  - [Books](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/best-anxiety-books)\n  - [Podcasts](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/podcasts-for-anxiety)\n  - [Mobile Apps](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/top-iphone-android-apps)\n  - [Grounding Techniques](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/grounding-techniques)\n  - [Stop a Panic Attack](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-to-stop-a-panic-attack)\n  - [Overthinking](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-to-stop-overthinking)\n  - [Marijuana](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/marijuana-and-anxiety)\n  - [Pre-Menstruation](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-before-period)\n  - [Tips to Stop Worrying](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/catastrophizing)\n  - [Acupuncture](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/acupuncture-for-anxiety)\n  - [Anxiety at Night](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/anxiety-at-night)\n  - [Separation from Partner](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/separation-anxiety-from-boyfriend)\n  - [Post-Breakup](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/anxiety-after-breakup)\n- ### Prognosis\n  Prognosis\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Outlook](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/does-anxiety-ever-go-away)\n- ### Related Conditions\n  Related Conditions\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Nervous Breakdown](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/nervous-breakdown)\n  - [ADHD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/adhd-and-anxiety)\n  - [Insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-insomnia)\n  - [Social Anxiety and Introversion](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/introvert-vs-social-anxiety)\n  - [Social Anxiety and Autism](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/autism\/social-anxiety-vs-autism)\n  - [GERD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/gerd-and-anxiety)\n  - [Depression](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/depression-and-anxiety)\n  - [Stress](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/stress-and-anxiety)\n  - [Vs. Paranoia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/paranoia-vs-anxiety)\n  - [Panic Attack vs. Anxiety Attack](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/panic-attack-vs-anxiety-attack)\n- ### Symptoms\n  Symptoms\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-disorder-symptoms)\n  - [Numb and Tingly](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-numbness)\n  - [Sore Throat](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-sore-throat)\n  - [Itching](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/anxiety-and-itching)\n  - [Sweating](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/diagnosing-hyperhidrosis\/depression-and-anxiety)\n  - [Dry Mouth](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/dry-mouth-anxiety)\n  - [Loss of Appetite](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/anxiety-lose-appetite)\n  - [Headaches](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/headache\/anxiety-headaches)\n  - [Shaking](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-shaking)\n  - [Chest Pain](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/anxiety-chest-pain)\n  - [Nausea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/anxiety-nausea)\n  - [Heart Palpitations](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/can-anxiety-cause-heart-palpitations)\n  - [Tiredness](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/can-having-anxiety-make-you-feel-tired)\n  - [Effects on the Body](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/effects-on-body)\n  - [Brain Fog](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/brain-fog-anxiety)\n  - [Depersonalization](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/coping-with-depersonalization)\n  - [Physical Symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/physical-symptoms-of-anxiety)\n- ### Treatment\n  Treatment\n  \n  #### Related Hub\n  [![Therapy](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/mental-well-being-navigating-therapy.png)Therapy Resources for finding and receiving therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/treatment)\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Types of Doctors](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-doctors)\n  - [Medications](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-drugs)\n  - [Benadryl](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/benadryl-for-anxiety)\n  - [Ketamine Therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/ketamine-for-anxiety)\n  - [Promethazine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/promethazine-for-anxiety)\n  - [Prozac](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/prozac-for-anxiety)\n  - [Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/social-anxiety-disorder-cognitive-behavioral-therapy)\n  - [Social Anxiety Treatment](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/social-anxiety-treatment)\n  - [Beta-Blockers](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/beta-blockers-for-anxiety)\n  - [Trazodone](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/trazodone-for-anxiety)\n  - [How to Find a Therapist](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-to-find-a-therapist)\n  - [How to Find Mental Health Services](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/mental-health-services)\n  - [Online Psychiatrist Platforms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/online-psychiatrist)\n  - [Low Cost and Free Online Therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/online-therapist-for-free)\n  - [Online Therapy with Insurance](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/online-therapy-that-takes-insurance)\n  - [Talk Therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/talk-therapy)\n  - [Online Therapy Services](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/our-top-10-online-therapy-picks)\n  - [Affordable Online Therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/therapy-for-every-budget)\n- ### Types\n  Types\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Generalized Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/generalized-anxiety-disorder)\n  - [Social Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/social-phobia)\n  - [Anticipatory Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anticipatory-anxiety)\n  - [Money Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/money-anxiety)\n  - [Subconscious Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/subconscious-anxiety)\n  - [Travel Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/travel-anxiety)\n  - [Workplace Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/workplace-anxiety)\n  - [Food Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/eating-disorders\/anxiety-about-food)\n  - [Gym Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/fitness\/gym-anxiety)\n  - [Hypochondria](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/health-anxiety)\n  - [Time Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/time-anxiety)\n  - [In the Morning](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/morning-anxiety)\n  - [School Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/school-anxiety)\n  - [Separation Anxiety in Adults](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/separation-anxiety-in-adults)\n  - [Sports Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sports-performance-anxiety)\n\n[Nutrition](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition)\n\nEvidence Based\n\n# The 15 Best Supplements to Boost Your Immune System Right Now\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Amy-Richter-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Amy Richter, MS, RD]() — Written by [Jillian Kubala, MS, RD]() —  [Updated on June 3, 2024]()\n\n- [Vitamin D](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/immune-boosting-supplements#vitamin-d)\n- [Zinc](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/immune-boosting-supplements#zinc)\n- [Vitamin C](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/immune-boosting-supplements#vitamin-c)\n- [Elderberry](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/immune-boosting-supplements#elderberry)\n- [Mushrooms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/immune-boosting-supplements#mushrooms)\n- [Additional supplements](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/immune-boosting-supplements#additional-supplements)\n- [FAQ](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/immune-boosting-supplements#faq)\n- [Takeaway](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/immune-boosting-supplements#takeaway)\n\nDeficiencies in certain vitamins, including vitamin C, zinc, and others, may weaken your immune system. Taking supplements of these vitamins may help support immune system function.\n\n### An important note\nNo supplement will cure or prevent disease.\n\nWith the 2019 [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/coronavirus) pandemic, it’s especially important to understand that no supplement or diet can protect against COVID-19.\n\nPhysical distancing, also known as social distancing, and proper hygiene practices may help protect you from COVID-19.\n\nYour immune system consists of a complex collection of cells, processes, and chemicals that [defend your body](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6156898\/) against invading pathogens, including viruses, toxins, and bacteria.\n\nKeeping your immune system healthy is key to preventing infection and disease.\n\nSome research suggests supplementing with certain vitamins, minerals, and herbs may help boost your immune system.\n\nHowever, it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before trying a new supplement, as some supplements may interact with medications.\n\nHere are 15 supplements that are known for their immune-boosting potential.\n\n![supplements vitamins pills](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/supplements-vitamins-pills-1296x728-header.jpg?w=1155&h=1528)\n\n[Share on Pinterest](https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthline.com%2Fnutrition%2Fimmune-boosting-supplements&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.healthline.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F04%2Fsupplements-vitamins-pills-1296x728-header.jpg&description=Can%20Supplements%20Fight%20Coronavirus%20\\(COVID-19\\)%3F%2015%20Immune%20Boosters \"Share on Pinterest\")\n\nYaroslav Danylchenko\/Stocksy United\n\n## [1\\. Vitamin D]()\nVitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient essential to the health and functioning of your immune system.\n\nVitamin D [enhances](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6164750\/) the pathogen-fighting effects of monocytes and macrophages — white blood cells that are important parts of your immune defense — and decreases inflammation, which helps promote immune response.\n\nMany people are [deficient in this important vitamin](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/vitamin-d-deficiency-symptoms), which may negatively affect immune function.\n\nVitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of several conditions, [such as](https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminD-HealthProfessional\/):\n\n- osteoporosis\n- some types of cancer\n- type 2 diabetes\n- cardiovascular disease\n- depression\n\nResearch suggests that supplementing with vitamin D may help improve immune response.\n\nFor example, a [2019 review](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30675873\/) found that [supplementing with vitamin D](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/how-to-increase-vitamin-d) significantly decreased the risk of respiratory infections in people deficient in this vitamin and lowered infection risk in those with adequate vitamin D levels.\n\nVitamin D has also been researched in connection with COVID-19 because of its effect on the immune system. It may [help expedite](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7500624\/) healing and stall inflammation in the respiratory system.\n\nHowever, more research is needed to fully support its effects in the treatment of COVID-19.\n\nThe recommended daily intake of vitamin D is [15 micrograms (600 IU)](https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminD-HealthProfessional\/) for adults. However, it’s best to speak with a healthcare professional. They could help determine the best amount for you.\n\n### Supplements 101: Vitamin D\n\n## [2\\. Zinc]()\n[Zinc](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/zinc) is a mineral commonly added to supplements and other healthcare products.\n\nIt’s [essential](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5748737\/) for immune system function because it helps:\n\n- immune cell development and communication\n- reduce inflammation\n- protect tissue barriers in the body\n- prevent foreign pathogens from entering\n\nZinc deficiency may affect your immune system’s ability to function properly, resulting in an [increased](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK493231\/) risk of infection and disease, including pneumonia.\n\nZinc deficiency affects around [2 billion people](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5748737\/) worldwide and up to 30% of older adults.\n\nResearch suggests that [zinc supplements](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/zinc-supplements) may be beneficial for people who are already sick. For example, it could [help reduce](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38719213\/) the duration of the common cold.\n\nTaking zinc long-term is typically safe for healthy adults, as long as the daily dose is under the set upper limit of [40 milligrams (mg)](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545442\/table\/appJ_tab9\/?report=objectonly) of elemental zinc per day.\n\nExcessive doses may interfere with copper and iron absorption, which could increase your infection risk.\n\n## [3\\. Vitamin C]()\nVitamin C is perhaps the most popular supplement for protecting against infection due to its important role in immune health.\n\nThis vitamin [supports the function](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29099763\/) of various immune cells and enhances their ability to protect against infection. It may also help:\n\n- promote cellular death by clearing out old cells and replacing them with new ones\n- function as an antioxidant and protect against oxidative stress\n- reduce the duration and severity of upper respiratory tract infections, including the [common cold](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/does-vitamin-c-help-with-colds)\n\nAdditionally, high dose intravenous vitamin C treatment may help improve symptoms in people with severe infections, [including](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7070236\/) sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) resulting from viral infections.\n\nThat said, [more research](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0883944117310596?via%3Dihub) is needed to fully support the role of vitamin C supplementation in this setting.\n\nThe upper limit for vitamin C is [2,000 mg](https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminC-HealthProfessional\/). Supplemental daily doses are typically between 250 and 1,000 mg.\n\n## [4\\. Elderberry]()\nBlack elderberry (Sambucus nigra), which has long been used to treat infections, is being researched for its effects on immune health.\n\n[Animal studies](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1756464619300313?via%3Dihub) suggest [elderberry](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/elderberry) extract may have antiviral potential against pathogens responsible for upper respiratory tract infections and strains of the influenza virus.\n\nA [2018 review](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30670267\/) found that elderberry supplements may help reduce [upper respiratory symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/acute-upper-respiratory-infection) caused by viral infections. Similarly, a [2021 review](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8026097\/) noted that elderberry may help reduce the duration and severity of colds.\n\nSome people recommend using elderberry supplements only in the early stages of COVID-19. However, [no research](https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/elderberry) has evaluated the use of elderberry for COVID-19.\n\nRaw elderberries [should be](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK501835\/) cooked before consumption. This helps destroy sambunigrin, a compound found in elderberries that may cause cyanide poisoning.\n\nSpeak with a healthcare professional before taking elderberry supplements.\n\nElderberry supplements are most often sold in liquid or capsule form.\n\n## [5\\. Medicinal mushrooms]()\nMedicinal mushrooms have been used since ancient times to help prevent and treat infection and disease.\n\nResearch suggests that many types of medicinal mushrooms may [help boost](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7826851\/) the immune system.\n\nFor example, a [2017 study](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5572845\/) in mice with tuberculosis found that treatment with [cordyceps](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/cordyceps-benefits) helped reduce bacterial load in the lungs, enhance immune response, and reduce inflammation.\n\nSimilarly, a [2019 study](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6441223\/) in 79 adults found that supplementing with 1.7 grams (g) of cordyceps mycelium culture extract led to a 38% increase in the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, a type of white blood cell that protects against infection.\n\n[Turkey tail](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/turkey-tail-mushroom) is another medicinal mushroom that [may enhance](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6044372\/) immune response, especially in people with certain types of cancer.\n\nMedicinal mushroom products can be found in the form of tinctures, teas, and supplements.\n\n## [Other supplements with immune-boosting potential]()\nA wide range of other supplements may help improve your immune system.\n\nHowever, it’s important to note that more research is needed to support their full effects. Speak with a healthcare professional before taking any new supplements.\n\n### 6\\. Astragalus\n[Astragalus](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/astragalus) is an herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).\n\n[Animal research](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6438022\/) suggests its extract may significantly improve immune-related responses.\n\n### 7\\. Selenium\nSelenium is an essential mineral for immune health.\n\nAnimal research demonstrates that selenium supplements may enhance antiviral defense against influenza strains, including [H1N1](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6165773\/) and [H9N2](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30593352\/).\n\n### 8\\. Garlic\n[Garlic](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/garlic-fights-colds-and-flu) has powerful anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties.\n\n[Research](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35174827\/) suggests it may help enhance immune health by stimulating and enhancing certain cytokines.\n\n### 9\\. Andrographis\nThis herb contains andrographolide, a terpenoid compound that may have antiviral effects against several respiratory disease-causing viruses. It works by stimulating different types of cells, [such as](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27896563\/) cytokine T cells and natural killer cells.\n\n### 10\\. Licorice\nLicorice contains many substances, including glycyrrhizin, that may help protect against viral infections.\n\n[Research](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7808814\/) suggests glycyrrhizin has several anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immune-boosting properties that could help protect against several illnesses, such as:\n\n- hepatitis A, B, and C viruses\n- vesicular stomatitis virus\n- herpes simplex virus\n- influenza A\n- respiratory-syndrome–related coronavirus (SARS-CoV)\n- respiratory syncytial virus\n- vaccinia virus\n- arboviruses\n### 11\\. Pelargonium sidoides\nSome [human research](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29563828\/) supports the use of this African geranium extract to help alleviate symptoms of acute viral respiratory infections, including the common cold and bronchitis.\n\nStill, results are mixed, and more research is needed.\n\n### 12\\. B complex vitamins\nB vitamins, including B12 and B6, are important for a healthy immune response.\n\nYet, many adults are [deficient](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5358464\/) in them, which may negatively affect immune health.\n\n### 13\\. Curcumin\nCurcumin is the main active compound in turmeric. It has powerful anti-inflammatory properties, and animal studies indicate that it may [help improve](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6278270\/) immune function.\n\n### 14\\. Echinacea\n[Echinacea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/echinacea-for-colds) is a genus of plants in the daisy family.\n\nCertain species have been shown to [improve](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31126553\/) immune health and may protect against upper respiratory tract infections, though research is mixed.\n\n### 15\\. Propolis\nPropolis is a resin-like material honeybees produce for use as a sealant in hives.\n\nThough it has impressive [immune-enhancing effects](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6335834\/) and may have antiviral properties as well, more human research is needed.\n\n## [Frequently asked questions]()\n### What is the strongest immune system booster?\nThere’s no single, most powerful immune system booster. However, some foods, including bell peppers, fish, almonds, and citrus fruits, provide nutrients that may help strengthen your immune system.\n\n### What can I drink to boost my immune system?\nBeverages, [such as](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34203004\/) green tea, that contain antioxidants may help boost the immune system. But more research is needed.\n\n### Do any immune supplements actually work?\nResearch suggests that some supplements — like vitamin D, medicinal mushrooms, and elderberry — may help boost the immune system. However, more research is needed, and it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before trying a new supplement.\n\n## [Takeaway]()\nMany supplements on the market may help [improve immune health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/food-nutrition\/foods-that-boost-the-immune-system), such as zinc, elderberry, and vitamins C and D, among others.\n\nAlthough these supplements may offer a small benefit for immune health, they can’t be used to replace a healthy diet and lifestyle.\n\nIf you decide you want to try a supplement, speak with a healthcare professional first, as some supplements may interact with certain medications or are inappropriate for some people.\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nHistory\n\nHealthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/process).\n\n- Al-Hariri M, et al. (2019). Immune’s-boosting agent: Immunomodulation potentials of propolis.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6335834\/>\n- Barros AB, et al. (2016). A safety assessment of Coriolus versicolor biomass as a food supplement.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4788765\/>\n- Blagodatski A, et al. (2018). Medicinal mushrooms as an attractive new source of natural compounds for future cancer therapy.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6044372\/>\n- Careddu D, et al. (2018). Pelargonium sidoides extract EPs 7630: A review of its clinical efficacy and safety for treating acute respiratory tract infections in children.   \n  <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29563828\/>\n- Carr AC, et al. (2017). Vitamin C and immune function.   \n  <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29099763\/>\n- Catanzaro M, et al. (2018). Immunomodulators inspired by nature: A review on curcumin and echinacea.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6278270\/>\n- David S, et al. (2019). Echinacea for the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.   \n  <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31126553\/>\n- Dietary reference intakes (DRIs). (2019). Tolerable upper intake levels, elements. Food and Nutrition Board, National Academies.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545442\/table\/appJ_tab9\/?report=objectonly>\n- Elderberry. (2020).   \n  <https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/elderberry>\n- Elderberry. (2024).   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK501835\/>\n- Gupta S, et al. (2016). Broad-spectrum antiviral properties of andrographolide.   \n  <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27896563\/>\n- Hawkin J, et al. (2018). Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials.   \n  <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30670267\/>\n- Jung S-J, et al. (2019). Immunomodulatory effects of a mycelium extract of Cordyceps (Paecilomyces hepiali; CBG-CS-2): A randomized and double-blind clinical trial.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6441223\/>\n- Kashiouris MG, et al. (2020). The emerging role of vitamin C as a treatment for sepsis.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7070236\/>\n- Li DG, et al. (2017). Cordyceps sinensis promotes immune regulation and enhances bacteriostatic activity of PA-824 via IL-10 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5572845\/>\n- Li ZX, et al. (2019). Immunomodulatory effects of a new whole ingredients extract from Astragalus: A combined evaluation on chemistry and pharmacology.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6438022\/>\n- Lin Z, et al. (2018). Restriction of H1N1 influenza virus infection by selenium nanoparticles loaded with ribavirin via resisting caspase-3 apoptotic pathway.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6165773\/>\n- Maggini S, et al. (2018). Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6212925\/>\n- Marshall JS, et al. (2018). An introduction to immunology and immunopathology.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6156898\/>\n- Martineau AR, et al. (2019). Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: Individual participant data meta-analysis.   \n  <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30675873\/>\n- Maxfield L, et al. (2023). Zinc deficiency.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK493231\/>\n- Medrano M, et al. (2018). Vitamin D: Effect on haematopoiesis and immune system and clinical applications.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6164750\/>\n- Melguizo-Rodríguez L, et al. (2022). Biological properties and therapeutic applications of garlic and its components.   \n  <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35174827\/>\n- Mohan M, et al. (2020). Exploring links between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7500624\/>\n- Nault D, et al. (2024). Zinc for prevention and treatment of the common cold.   \n  <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38719213\/>\n- Qian B, et al. (2017). Effects of vitamin B6 deficiency on the consumption and functional potential of T cell populations.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5358464\/>\n- Richard SA, et al. (2021). Exploring the pivotal immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potentials of glycyrrhizic and glycyrrhetinic acids.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7808814\/>\n- Shojadoost B, et al. (2019). Dietary selenium supplementation enhances antiviral immunity in chickens challenged with low pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H9N2.   \n  <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30593352\/>\n- Teng J, et al. (2018). Vitamin C: The next step in sepsis management?   \n  [https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0883944117310596?via%3Dihub](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0883944117310596?via%3Dihub)\n- Torabian G, et al. (2019). Anti-influenza activity of elderberry (Sambucus nigra).   \n  [https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1756464619300313?via%3Dihub](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1756464619300313?via%3Dihub)\n- Venturella G, et al. (2021). Medicinal mushrooms: Bioactive compounds, use, and clinical trials.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7826851\/>\n- Vitamin C. (2021).   \n  <https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminC-HealthProfessional\/>\n- Vitamin D. (2023).   \n  <https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminD-HealthProfessional\/>\n- Wang S, et al. (2021). Immunomodulatory effects of green tea polyphenols.   \n  <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34203004\/>\n- Wessels I, et al. (2017). Zinc as a gatekeeper of immune function.   \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5748737\/>\n- Wieland LS, et al. (2021). Elderberry for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory illnesses: A systematic review.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8026097\/>\n\nShare this article\n\n### Evidence Based\nThis article is based on scientific evidence, written by [experts](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition-team) and fact checked by experts.\n\nOur team of licensed nutritionists and dietitians strive to be objective, unbiased, honest and to present both sides of the argument.\n\nThis article contains scientific references. The numbers in the parentheses (1, 2, 3) are clickable links to peer-reviewed scientific papers.\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Amy-Richter-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Amy Richter, MS, RD]() — Written by [Jillian Kubala, MS, RD]() —  [Updated on June 3, 2024]()\n\n## related stories\n- [How Sleep Strengthens Your Immune System](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/how-sleep-bolsters-your-immune-system?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [6 Mushrooms That Act as Turbo-Shots for Your Immune System](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/food-nutrition\/best-medicinal-mushrooms-to-try?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [8 Ways to Boost Your Immune System If You’re Over 65](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/flu\/boost-immune-system-over-65?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Fluoxetine for Cats](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/fluoxetine-for-cats?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Why That 'Drama Queen' in Your Life Could Make You Age Faster](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/stressful-people-make-you-age-faster-study?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/contact-us)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/privacy-policy)\n- Privacy Settings\n- [Advertising Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/advertising-policy)\n- [Health Topics](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n\n- [Sitemap](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sitemap)\n- [Medical Affairs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n- [Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n- [Newsletters](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup)\n- © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Deficiencies in certain vitamins, including vitamin C, zinc, and others, may weaken your immune system. Taking supplements of these vitamins may help support immune system function.\n\nYour immune system consists of a complex collection of cells, processes, and chemicals that [defend your body](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6156898\/) against invading pathogens, including viruses, toxins, and bacteria.\n\nKeeping your immune system healthy is key to preventing infection and disease.\n\nSome research suggests supplementing with certain vitamins, minerals, and herbs may help boost your immune system.\n\nHowever, it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before trying a new supplement, as some supplements may interact with medications.\n\nHere are 15 supplements that are known for their immune-boosting potential.\n\nVitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient essential to the health and functioning of your immune system.\n\nVitamin D [enhances](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6164750\/) the pathogen-fighting effects of monocytes and macrophages — white blood cells that are important parts of your immune defense — and decreases inflammation, which helps promote immune response.\n\nVitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of several conditions, [such as](https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminD-HealthProfessional\/):\n\n- osteoporosis\n- some types of cancer\n- type 2 diabetes\n- cardiovascular disease\n- depression\n\nResearch suggests that supplementing with vitamin D may help improve immune response.\n\nFor example, a [2019 review](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30675873\/) found that [supplementing with vitamin D](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/how-to-increase-vitamin-d) significantly decreased the risk of respiratory infections in people deficient in this vitamin and lowered infection risk in those with adequate vitamin D levels.\n\nVitamin D has also been researched in connection with COVID-19 because of its effect on the immune system. It may [help expedite](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7500624\/) healing and stall inflammation in the respiratory system.\n\nHowever, more research is needed to fully support its effects in the treatment of COVID-19.\n\nThe recommended daily intake of vitamin D is [15 micrograms (600 IU)](https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminD-HealthProfessional\/) for adults. However, it’s best to speak with a healthcare professional. They could help determine the best amount for you.\n\nSupplements 101: Vitamin D\n\n[Zinc](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/zinc) is a mineral commonly added to supplements and other healthcare products.\n\nIt’s [essential](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5748737\/) for immune system function because it helps:\n\n- immune cell development and communication\n- reduce inflammation\n- protect tissue barriers in the body\n- prevent foreign pathogens from entering\n\nZinc deficiency may affect your immune system’s ability to function properly, resulting in an [increased](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK493231\/) risk of infection and disease, including pneumonia.\n\nZinc deficiency affects around [2 billion people](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5748737\/) worldwide and up to 30% of older adults.\n\nResearch suggests that [zinc supplements](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/zinc-supplements) may be beneficial for people who are already sick. For example, it could [help reduce](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38719213\/) the duration of the common cold.\n\nTaking zinc long-term is typically safe for healthy adults, as long as the daily dose is under the set upper limit of [40 milligrams (mg)](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545442\/table\/appJ_tab9\/?report=objectonly) of elemental zinc per day.\n\nExcessive doses may interfere with copper and iron absorption, which could increase your infection risk.\n\nVitamin C is perhaps the most popular supplement for protecting against infection due to its important role in immune health.\n\nThis vitamin [supports the function](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29099763\/) of various immune cells and enhances their ability to protect against infection. It may also help:\n\n- promote cellular death by clearing out old cells and replacing them with new ones\n- function as an antioxidant and protect against oxidative stress\n- reduce the duration and severity of upper respiratory tract infections, including the [common cold](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/does-vitamin-c-help-with-colds)\n\nAdditionally, high dose intravenous vitamin C treatment may help improve symptoms in people with severe infections, [including](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7070236\/) sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) resulting from viral infections.\n\nThat said, [more research](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0883944117310596?via%3Dihub) is needed to fully support the role of vitamin C supplementation in this setting.\n\nThe upper limit for vitamin C is [2,000 mg](https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminC-HealthProfessional\/). Supplemental daily doses are typically between 250 and 1,000 mg.\n\nBlack elderberry (Sambucus nigra), which has long been used to treat infections, is being researched for its effects on immune health.\n\n[Animal studies](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1756464619300313?via%3Dihub) suggest [elderberry](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/elderberry) extract may have antiviral potential against pathogens responsible for upper respiratory tract infections and strains of the influenza virus.\n\nA [2018 review](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30670267\/) found that elderberry supplements may help reduce [upper respiratory symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/acute-upper-respiratory-infection) caused by viral infections. Similarly, a [2021 review](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8026097\/) noted that elderberry may help reduce the duration and severity of colds.\n\nSome people recommend using elderberry supplements only in the early stages of COVID-19. However, [no research](https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/elderberry) has evaluated the use of elderberry for COVID-19.\n\nRaw elderberries [should be](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK501835\/) cooked before consumption. This helps destroy sambunigrin, a compound found in elderberries that may cause cyanide poisoning.\n\nSpeak with a healthcare professional before taking elderberry supplements.\n\nElderberry supplements are most often sold in liquid or capsule form.\n\nMedicinal mushrooms have been used since ancient times to help prevent and treat infection and disease.\n\nResearch suggests that many types of medicinal mushrooms may [help boost](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7826851\/) the immune system.\n\nFor example, a [2017 study](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5572845\/) in mice with tuberculosis found that treatment with [cordyceps](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/cordyceps-benefits) helped reduce bacterial load in the lungs, enhance immune response, and reduce inflammation.\n\nSimilarly, a [2019 study](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6441223\/) in 79 adults found that supplementing with 1.7 grams (g) of cordyceps mycelium culture extract led to a 38% increase in the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, a type of white blood cell that protects against infection.\n\n[Turkey tail](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/turkey-tail-mushroom) is another medicinal mushroom that [may enhance](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6044372\/) immune response, especially in people with certain types of cancer.\n\nMedicinal mushroom products can be found in the form of tinctures, teas, and supplements.\n\nA wide range of other supplements may help improve your immune system.\n\nHowever, it’s important to note that more research is needed to support their full effects. Speak with a healthcare professional before taking any new supplements.\n\n6\\. Astragalus\n\n[Astragalus](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/astragalus) is an herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).\n\n[Animal research](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6438022\/) suggests its extract may significantly improve immune-related responses.\n\n7\\. Selenium\n\nSelenium is an essential mineral for immune health.\n\nAnimal research demonstrates that selenium supplements may enhance antiviral defense against influenza strains, including [H1N1](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6165773\/) and [H9N2](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30593352\/).\n\n8\\. Garlic\n\n[Garlic](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/garlic-fights-colds-and-flu) has powerful anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties.\n\n[Research](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35174827\/) suggests it may help enhance immune health by stimulating and enhancing certain cytokines.\n\n9\\. Andrographis\n\nThis herb contains andrographolide, a terpenoid compound that may have antiviral effects against several respiratory disease-causing viruses. It works by stimulating different types of cells, [such as](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27896563\/) cytokine T cells and natural killer cells.\n\n10\\. Licorice\n\nLicorice contains many substances, including glycyrrhizin, that may help protect against viral infections.\n\n[Research](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7808814\/) suggests glycyrrhizin has several anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immune-boosting properties that could help protect against several illnesses, such as:\n\n- hepatitis A, B, and C viruses\n- vesicular stomatitis virus\n- herpes simplex virus\n- influenza A\n- respiratory-syndrome–related coronavirus (SARS-CoV)\n- respiratory syncytial virus\n- vaccinia virus\n- arboviruses\n\n11\\. Pelargonium sidoides\n\nSome [human research](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29563828\/) supports the use of this African geranium extract to help alleviate symptoms of acute viral respiratory infections, including the common cold and bronchitis.\n\nStill, results are mixed, and more research is needed.\n\n12\\. B complex vitamins\n\nB vitamins, including B12 and B6, are important for a healthy immune response.\n\nYet, many adults are [deficient](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5358464\/) in them, which may negatively affect immune health.\n\n13\\. Curcumin\n\nCurcumin is the main active compound in turmeric. It has powerful anti-inflammatory properties, and animal studies indicate that it may [help improve](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6278270\/) immune function.\n\n14\\. Echinacea\n\n[Echinacea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/echinacea-for-colds) is a genus of plants in the daisy family.\n\nCertain species have been shown to [improve](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31126553\/) immune health and may protect against upper respiratory tract infections, though research is mixed.\n\n15\\. Propolis\n\nPropolis is a resin-like material honeybees produce for use as a sealant in hives.\n\nThough it has impressive [immune-enhancing effects](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6335834\/) and may have antiviral properties as well, more human research is needed.\n\nWhat is the strongest immune system booster?\n\nThere’s no single, most powerful immune system booster. However, some foods, including bell peppers, fish, almonds, and citrus fruits, provide nutrients that may help strengthen your immune system.\n\nWhat can I drink to boost my immune system?\n\nBeverages, [such as](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34203004\/) green tea, that contain antioxidants may help boost the immune system. But more research is needed.\n\nDo any immune supplements actually work?\n\nResearch suggests that some supplements — like vitamin D, medicinal mushrooms, and elderberry — may help boost the immune system. However, more research is needed, and it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before trying a new supplement.\n\nMany supplements on the market may help [improve immune health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/food-nutrition\/foods-that-boost-the-immune-system), such as zinc, elderberry, and vitamins C and D, among others.\n\nAlthough these supplements may offer a small benefit for immune health, they can’t be used to replace a healthy diet and lifestyle.\n\nIf you decide you want to try a supplement, speak with a healthcare professional first, as some supplements may interact with certain medications or are inappropriate for some people.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Can Supplements Fight Coronavirus (COVID-19)? 15 Immune Boosters
Meta Description	No supplements will cure or prevent disease, including COVID-19, but some may help. Here are 15 supplements known to offer immune-boosting potential.
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Boilerpipe Text	Deficiencies in certain vitamins, including vitamin C, zinc, and others, may weaken your immune system. Taking supplements of these vitamins may help support immune system function. Your immune system consists of a complex collection of cells, processes, and chemicals that defend your body against invading pathogens, including viruses, toxins, and bacteria. Keeping your immune system healthy is key to preventing infection and disease. Some research suggests supplementing with certain vitamins, minerals, and herbs may help boost your immune system. However, it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before trying a new supplement, as some supplements may interact with medications. Here are 15 supplements that are known for their immune-boosting potential. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient essential to the health and functioning of your immune system. Vitamin D enhances the pathogen-fighting effects of monocytes and macrophages — white blood cells that are important parts of your immune defense — and decreases inflammation, which helps promote immune response. Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of several conditions, such as : osteoporosis some types of cancer type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease depression Research suggests that supplementing with vitamin D may help improve immune response. For example, a 2019 review found that supplementing with vitamin D significantly decreased the risk of respiratory infections in people deficient in this vitamin and lowered infection risk in those with adequate vitamin D levels. Vitamin D has also been researched in connection with COVID-19 because of its effect on the immune system. It may help expedite healing and stall inflammation in the respiratory system. However, more research is needed to fully support its effects in the treatment of COVID-19. The recommended daily intake of vitamin D is 15 micrograms (600 IU) for adults. However, it’s best to speak with a healthcare professional. They could help determine the best amount for you. Supplements 101: Vitamin D Zinc is a mineral commonly added to supplements and other healthcare products. It’s essential for immune system function because it helps: immune cell development and communication reduce inflammation protect tissue barriers in the body prevent foreign pathogens from entering Zinc deficiency may affect your immune system’s ability to function properly, resulting in an increased risk of infection and disease, including pneumonia. Zinc deficiency affects around 2 billion people worldwide and up to 30% of older adults. Research suggests that zinc supplements may be beneficial for people who are already sick. For example, it could help reduce the duration of the common cold. Taking zinc long-term is typically safe for healthy adults, as long as the daily dose is under the set upper limit of 40 milligrams (mg) of elemental zinc per day. Excessive doses may interfere with copper and iron absorption, which could increase your infection risk. Vitamin C is perhaps the most popular supplement for protecting against infection due to its important role in immune health. This vitamin supports the function of various immune cells and enhances their ability to protect against infection. It may also help: promote cellular death by clearing out old cells and replacing them with new ones function as an antioxidant and protect against oxidative stress reduce the duration and severity of upper respiratory tract infections, including the common cold Additionally, high dose intravenous vitamin C treatment may help improve symptoms in people with severe infections, including sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) resulting from viral infections. That said, more research is needed to fully support the role of vitamin C supplementation in this setting. The upper limit for vitamin C is 2,000 mg . Supplemental daily doses are typically between 250 and 1,000 mg. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra), which has long been used to treat infections, is being researched for its effects on immune health. Animal studies suggest elderberry extract may have antiviral potential against pathogens responsible for upper respiratory tract infections and strains of the influenza virus. A 2018 review found that elderberry supplements may help reduce upper respiratory symptoms caused by viral infections. Similarly, a 2021 review noted that elderberry may help reduce the duration and severity of colds. Some people recommend using elderberry supplements only in the early stages of COVID-19. However, no research has evaluated the use of elderberry for COVID-19. Raw elderberries should be cooked before consumption. This helps destroy sambunigrin, a compound found in elderberries that may cause cyanide poisoning. Speak with a healthcare professional before taking elderberry supplements. Elderberry supplements are most often sold in liquid or capsule form. Medicinal mushrooms have been used since ancient times to help prevent and treat infection and disease. Research suggests that many types of medicinal mushrooms may help boost the immune system. For example, a 2017 study in mice with tuberculosis found that treatment with cordyceps helped reduce bacterial load in the lungs, enhance immune response, and reduce inflammation. Similarly, a 2019 study in 79 adults found that supplementing with 1.7 grams (g) of cordyceps mycelium culture extract led to a 38% increase in the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, a type of white blood cell that protects against infection. Turkey tail is another medicinal mushroom that may enhance immune response, especially in people with certain types of cancer. Medicinal mushroom products can be found in the form of tinctures, teas, and supplements. A wide range of other supplements may help improve your immune system. However, it’s important to note that more research is needed to support their full effects. Speak with a healthcare professional before taking any new supplements. 6. Astragalus Astragalus is an herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Animal research suggests its extract may significantly improve immune-related responses. 7. Selenium Selenium is an essential mineral for immune health. Animal research demonstrates that selenium supplements may enhance antiviral defense against influenza strains, including H1N1 and H9N2 . 8. Garlic Garlic has powerful anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties. Research suggests it may help enhance immune health by stimulating and enhancing certain cytokines. 9. Andrographis This herb contains andrographolide, a terpenoid compound that may have antiviral effects against several respiratory disease-causing viruses. It works by stimulating different types of cells, such as cytokine T cells and natural killer cells. 10. Licorice Licorice contains many substances, including glycyrrhizin, that may help protect against viral infections. Research suggests glycyrrhizin has several anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immune-boosting properties that could help protect against several illnesses, such as: hepatitis A, B, and C viruses vesicular stomatitis virus herpes simplex virus influenza A respiratory-syndrome–related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) respiratory syncytial virus vaccinia virus arboviruses 11. Pelargonium sidoides Some human research supports the use of this African geranium extract to help alleviate symptoms of acute viral respiratory infections, including the common cold and bronchitis. Still, results are mixed, and more research is needed. 12. B complex vitamins B vitamins, including B12 and B6, are important for a healthy immune response. Yet, many adults are deficient in them, which may negatively affect immune health. 13. Curcumin Curcumin is the main active compound in turmeric. It has powerful anti-inflammatory properties, and animal studies indicate that it may help improve immune function. 14. Echinacea Echinacea is a genus of plants in the daisy family. Certain species have been shown to improve immune health and may protect against upper respiratory tract infections, though research is mixed. 15. Propolis Propolis is a resin-like material honeybees produce for use as a sealant in hives. Though it has impressive immune-enhancing effects and may have antiviral properties as well, more human research is needed. What is the strongest immune system booster? There’s no single, most powerful immune system booster. However, some foods, including bell peppers, fish, almonds, and citrus fruits, provide nutrients that may help strengthen your immune system. What can I drink to boost my immune system? Beverages, such as green tea, that contain antioxidants may help boost the immune system. But more research is needed. Do any immune supplements actually work? Research suggests that some supplements — like vitamin D, medicinal mushrooms, and elderberry — may help boost the immune system. However, more research is needed, and it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before trying a new supplement. Many supplements on the market may help improve immune health , such as zinc, elderberry, and vitamins C and D, among others. Although these supplements may offer a small benefit for immune health, they can’t be used to replace a healthy diet and lifestyle. If you decide you want to try a supplement, speak with a healthcare professional first, as some supplements may interact with certain medications or are inappropriate for some people.
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Paranoia](https://www.healthline.com/health/paranoia-vs-anxiety) - [Panic Attack vs. Anxiety Attack](https://www.healthline.com/health/panic-attack-vs-anxiety-attack) - ### Symptoms Symptoms #### Related Articles - [Symptoms](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety-disorder-symptoms) - [Numb and Tingly](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety-numbness) - [Sore Throat](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety-sore-throat) - [Itching](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/anxiety-and-itching) - [Sweating](https://www.healthline.com/health/diagnosing-hyperhidrosis/depression-and-anxiety) - [Dry Mouth](https://www.healthline.com/health/dry-mouth-anxiety) - [Loss of Appetite](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/anxiety-lose-appetite) - [Headaches](https://www.healthline.com/health/headache/anxiety-headaches) - [Shaking](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety-shaking) - [Chest Pain](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/anxiety-chest-pain) - [Nausea](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/anxiety-nausea) - [Heart Palpitations](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/can-anxiety-cause-heart-palpitations) - [Tiredness](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/can-having-anxiety-make-you-feel-tired) - [Effects on the Body](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/effects-on-body) - [Brain Fog](https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-fog-anxiety) - [Depersonalization](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/coping-with-depersonalization) - [Physical Symptoms](https://www.healthline.com/health/physical-symptoms-of-anxiety) - ### Treatment Treatment #### Related Hub [![Therapy](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/mental-well-being-navigating-therapy.png)Therapy Resources for finding and receiving therapy](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/treatment) #### Related Articles - [Types of Doctors](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety-doctors) - [Medications](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety-drugs) - [Benadryl](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/benadryl-for-anxiety) - [Ketamine Therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/ketamine-for-anxiety) - [Promethazine](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/promethazine-for-anxiety) - [Prozac](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/prozac-for-anxiety) - [Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/social-anxiety-disorder-cognitive-behavioral-therapy) - [Social Anxiety Treatment](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/social-anxiety-treatment) - [Beta-Blockers](https://www.healthline.com/health/beta-blockers-for-anxiety) - [Trazodone](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/trazodone-for-anxiety) - [How to Find a Therapist](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-find-a-therapist) - [How to Find Mental Health Services](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/mental-health-services) - [Online Psychiatrist Platforms](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/online-psychiatrist) - [Low Cost and Free Online Therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/online-therapist-for-free) - [Online Therapy with Insurance](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/online-therapy-that-takes-insurance) - [Talk Therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/talk-therapy) - [Online Therapy Services](https://www.healthline.com/health/our-top-10-online-therapy-picks) - [Affordable Online Therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/therapy-for-every-budget) - ### Types Types #### Related Articles - [Generalized Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/generalized-anxiety-disorder) - [Social Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/social-phobia) - [Anticipatory Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/anticipatory-anxiety) - [Money Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/money-anxiety) - [Subconscious Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/subconscious-anxiety) - [Travel Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/travel-anxiety) - [Workplace Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/workplace-anxiety) - [Food Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/eating-disorders/anxiety-about-food) - [Gym Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/fitness/gym-anxiety) - [Hypochondria](https://www.healthline.com/health/health-anxiety) - [Time Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/time-anxiety) - [In the Morning](https://www.healthline.com/health/morning-anxiety) - [School Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/school-anxiety) - [Separation Anxiety in Adults](https://www.healthline.com/health/separation-anxiety-in-adults) - [Sports Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/sports-performance-anxiety) [Nutrition](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition) Evidence Based # The 15 Best Supplements to Boost Your Immune System Right Now ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Amy-Richter-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Amy Richter, MS, RD]() — Written by [Jillian Kubala, MS, RD]() — [Updated on June 3, 2024]() - [Vitamin D](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/immune-boosting-supplements#vitamin-d) - [Zinc](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/immune-boosting-supplements#zinc) - [Vitamin C](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/immune-boosting-supplements#vitamin-c) - [Elderberry](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/immune-boosting-supplements#elderberry) - [Mushrooms](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/immune-boosting-supplements#mushrooms) - [Additional supplements](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/immune-boosting-supplements#additional-supplements) - [FAQ](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/immune-boosting-supplements#faq) - [Takeaway](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/immune-boosting-supplements#takeaway) Deficiencies in certain vitamins, including vitamin C, zinc, and others, may weaken your immune system. Taking supplements of these vitamins may help support immune system function. ### An important note No supplement will cure or prevent disease. With the 2019 [COVID-19](https://www.healthline.com/coronavirus) pandemic, it’s especially important to understand that no supplement or diet can protect against COVID-19. Physical distancing, also known as social distancing, and proper hygiene practices may help protect you from COVID-19. Your immune system consists of a complex collection of cells, processes, and chemicals that [defend your body](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6156898/) against invading pathogens, including viruses, toxins, and bacteria. Keeping your immune system healthy is key to preventing infection and disease. Some research suggests supplementing with certain vitamins, minerals, and herbs may help boost your immune system. However, it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before trying a new supplement, as some supplements may interact with medications. Here are 15 supplements that are known for their immune-boosting potential. ![supplements vitamins pills](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/supplements-vitamins-pills-1296x728-header.jpg?w=1155&h=1528) [Share on Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthline.com%2Fnutrition%2Fimmune-boosting-supplements&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.healthline.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F04%2Fsupplements-vitamins-pills-1296x728-header.jpg&description=Can%20Supplements%20Fight%20Coronavirus%20\(COVID-19\)%3F%2015%20Immune%20Boosters "Share on Pinterest") Yaroslav Danylchenko/Stocksy United ## [1\. Vitamin D]() Vitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient essential to the health and functioning of your immune system. Vitamin D [enhances](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164750/) the pathogen-fighting effects of monocytes and macrophages — white blood cells that are important parts of your immune defense — and decreases inflammation, which helps promote immune response. Many people are [deficient in this important vitamin](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vitamin-d-deficiency-symptoms), which may negatively affect immune function. Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of several conditions, [such as](https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/): - osteoporosis - some types of cancer - type 2 diabetes - cardiovascular disease - depression Research suggests that supplementing with vitamin D may help improve immune response. For example, a [2019 review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30675873/) found that [supplementing with vitamin D](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-to-increase-vitamin-d) significantly decreased the risk of respiratory infections in people deficient in this vitamin and lowered infection risk in those with adequate vitamin D levels. Vitamin D has also been researched in connection with COVID-19 because of its effect on the immune system. It may [help expedite](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7500624/) healing and stall inflammation in the respiratory system. However, more research is needed to fully support its effects in the treatment of COVID-19. The recommended daily intake of vitamin D is [15 micrograms (600 IU)](https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/) for adults. However, it’s best to speak with a healthcare professional. They could help determine the best amount for you. ### Supplements 101: Vitamin D ## [2\. Zinc]() [Zinc](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/zinc) is a mineral commonly added to supplements and other healthcare products. It’s [essential](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748737/) for immune system function because it helps: - immune cell development and communication - reduce inflammation - protect tissue barriers in the body - prevent foreign pathogens from entering Zinc deficiency may affect your immune system’s ability to function properly, resulting in an [increased](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493231/) risk of infection and disease, including pneumonia. Zinc deficiency affects around [2 billion people](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748737/) worldwide and up to 30% of older adults. Research suggests that [zinc supplements](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/zinc-supplements) may be beneficial for people who are already sick. For example, it could [help reduce](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38719213/) the duration of the common cold. Taking zinc long-term is typically safe for healthy adults, as long as the daily dose is under the set upper limit of [40 milligrams (mg)](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545442/table/appJ_tab9/?report=objectonly) of elemental zinc per day. Excessive doses may interfere with copper and iron absorption, which could increase your infection risk. ## [3\. Vitamin C]() Vitamin C is perhaps the most popular supplement for protecting against infection due to its important role in immune health. This vitamin [supports the function](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29099763/) of various immune cells and enhances their ability to protect against infection. It may also help: - promote cellular death by clearing out old cells and replacing them with new ones - function as an antioxidant and protect against oxidative stress - reduce the duration and severity of upper respiratory tract infections, including the [common cold](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/does-vitamin-c-help-with-colds) Additionally, high dose intravenous vitamin C treatment may help improve symptoms in people with severe infections, [including](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7070236/) sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) resulting from viral infections. That said, [more research](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0883944117310596?via%3Dihub) is needed to fully support the role of vitamin C supplementation in this setting. The upper limit for vitamin C is [2,000 mg](https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/). Supplemental daily doses are typically between 250 and 1,000 mg. ## [4\. Elderberry]() Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra), which has long been used to treat infections, is being researched for its effects on immune health. [Animal studies](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464619300313?via%3Dihub) suggest [elderberry](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/elderberry) extract may have antiviral potential against pathogens responsible for upper respiratory tract infections and strains of the influenza virus. A [2018 review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30670267/) found that elderberry supplements may help reduce [upper respiratory symptoms](https://www.healthline.com/health/acute-upper-respiratory-infection) caused by viral infections. Similarly, a [2021 review](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8026097/) noted that elderberry may help reduce the duration and severity of colds. Some people recommend using elderberry supplements only in the early stages of COVID-19. However, [no research](https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/elderberry) has evaluated the use of elderberry for COVID-19. Raw elderberries [should be](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501835/) cooked before consumption. This helps destroy sambunigrin, a compound found in elderberries that may cause cyanide poisoning. Speak with a healthcare professional before taking elderberry supplements. Elderberry supplements are most often sold in liquid or capsule form. ## [5\. Medicinal mushrooms]() Medicinal mushrooms have been used since ancient times to help prevent and treat infection and disease. Research suggests that many types of medicinal mushrooms may [help boost](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7826851/) the immune system. For example, a [2017 study](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5572845/) in mice with tuberculosis found that treatment with [cordyceps](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/cordyceps-benefits) helped reduce bacterial load in the lungs, enhance immune response, and reduce inflammation. Similarly, a [2019 study](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6441223/) in 79 adults found that supplementing with 1.7 grams (g) of cordyceps mycelium culture extract led to a 38% increase in the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, a type of white blood cell that protects against infection. [Turkey tail](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/turkey-tail-mushroom) is another medicinal mushroom that [may enhance](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6044372/) immune response, especially in people with certain types of cancer. Medicinal mushroom products can be found in the form of tinctures, teas, and supplements. ## [Other supplements with immune-boosting potential]() A wide range of other supplements may help improve your immune system. However, it’s important to note that more research is needed to support their full effects. Speak with a healthcare professional before taking any new supplements. ### 6\. Astragalus [Astragalus](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/astragalus) is an herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). [Animal research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6438022/) suggests its extract may significantly improve immune-related responses. ### 7\. Selenium Selenium is an essential mineral for immune health. Animal research demonstrates that selenium supplements may enhance antiviral defense against influenza strains, including [H1N1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165773/) and [H9N2](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30593352/). ### 8\. Garlic [Garlic](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/garlic-fights-colds-and-flu) has powerful anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties. [Research](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35174827/) suggests it may help enhance immune health by stimulating and enhancing certain cytokines. ### 9\. Andrographis This herb contains andrographolide, a terpenoid compound that may have antiviral effects against several respiratory disease-causing viruses. It works by stimulating different types of cells, [such as](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27896563/) cytokine T cells and natural killer cells. ### 10\. Licorice Licorice contains many substances, including glycyrrhizin, that may help protect against viral infections. [Research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7808814/) suggests glycyrrhizin has several anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immune-boosting properties that could help protect against several illnesses, such as: - hepatitis A, B, and C viruses - vesicular stomatitis virus - herpes simplex virus - influenza A - respiratory-syndrome–related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) - respiratory syncytial virus - vaccinia virus - arboviruses ### 11\. Pelargonium sidoides Some [human research](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29563828/) supports the use of this African geranium extract to help alleviate symptoms of acute viral respiratory infections, including the common cold and bronchitis. Still, results are mixed, and more research is needed. ### 12\. B complex vitamins B vitamins, including B12 and B6, are important for a healthy immune response. Yet, many adults are [deficient](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5358464/) in them, which may negatively affect immune health. ### 13\. Curcumin Curcumin is the main active compound in turmeric. It has powerful anti-inflammatory properties, and animal studies indicate that it may [help improve](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6278270/) immune function. ### 14\. Echinacea [Echinacea](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/echinacea-for-colds) is a genus of plants in the daisy family. Certain species have been shown to [improve](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31126553/) immune health and may protect against upper respiratory tract infections, though research is mixed. ### 15\. Propolis Propolis is a resin-like material honeybees produce for use as a sealant in hives. Though it has impressive [immune-enhancing effects](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6335834/) and may have antiviral properties as well, more human research is needed. ## [Frequently asked questions]() ### What is the strongest immune system booster? There’s no single, most powerful immune system booster. However, some foods, including bell peppers, fish, almonds, and citrus fruits, provide nutrients that may help strengthen your immune system. ### What can I drink to boost my immune system? Beverages, [such as](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34203004/) green tea, that contain antioxidants may help boost the immune system. But more research is needed. ### Do any immune supplements actually work? Research suggests that some supplements — like vitamin D, medicinal mushrooms, and elderberry — may help boost the immune system. However, more research is needed, and it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before trying a new supplement. ## [Takeaway]() Many supplements on the market may help [improve immune health](https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/foods-that-boost-the-immune-system), such as zinc, elderberry, and vitamins C and D, among others. Although these supplements may offer a small benefit for immune health, they can’t be used to replace a healthy diet and lifestyle. If you decide you want to try a supplement, speak with a healthcare professional first, as some supplements may interact with certain medications or are inappropriate for some people. ### How we reviewed this article: Sources History Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.healthline.com/about/process). - Al-Hariri M, et al. (2019). Immune’s-boosting agent: Immunomodulation potentials of propolis. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6335834/> - Barros AB, et al. (2016). A safety assessment of Coriolus versicolor biomass as a food supplement. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4788765/> - Blagodatski A, et al. (2018). Medicinal mushrooms as an attractive new source of natural compounds for future cancer therapy. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6044372/> - Careddu D, et al. (2018). Pelargonium sidoides extract EPs 7630: A review of its clinical efficacy and safety for treating acute respiratory tract infections in children. <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29563828/> - Carr AC, et al. (2017). Vitamin C and immune function. <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29099763/> - Catanzaro M, et al. (2018). 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(2018). Vitamin D: Effect on haematopoiesis and immune system and clinical applications. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164750/> - Melguizo-Rodríguez L, et al. (2022). Biological properties and therapeutic applications of garlic and its components. <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35174827/> - Mohan M, et al. (2020). Exploring links between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7500624/> - Nault D, et al. (2024). Zinc for prevention and treatment of the common cold. <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38719213/> - Qian B, et al. (2017). Effects of vitamin B6 deficiency on the consumption and functional potential of T cell populations. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5358464/> - Richard SA, et al. (2021). Exploring the pivotal immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potentials of glycyrrhizic and glycyrrhetinic acids. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7808814/> - Shojadoost B, et al. (2019). Dietary selenium supplementation enhances antiviral immunity in chickens challenged with low pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H9N2. <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30593352/> - Teng J, et al. (2018). Vitamin C: The next step in sepsis management? [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0883944117310596?via%3Dihub](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0883944117310596?via%3Dihub) - Torabian G, et al. (2019). Anti-influenza activity of elderberry (Sambucus nigra). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464619300313?via%3Dihub](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464619300313?via%3Dihub) - Venturella G, et al. (2021). Medicinal mushrooms: Bioactive compounds, use, and clinical trials. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7826851/> - Vitamin C. (2021). <https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/> - Vitamin D. (2023). <https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/> - Wang S, et al. (2021). Immunomodulatory effects of green tea polyphenols. <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34203004/> - Wessels I, et al. (2017). Zinc as a gatekeeper of immune function. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748737/> - Wieland LS, et al. (2021). Elderberry for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory illnesses: A systematic review. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8026097/> Share this article ### Evidence Based This article is based on scientific evidence, written by [experts](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition-team) and fact checked by experts. Our team of licensed nutritionists and dietitians strive to be objective, unbiased, honest and to present both sides of the argument. This article contains scientific references. The numbers in the parentheses (1, 2, 3) are clickable links to peer-reviewed scientific papers. ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Amy-Richter-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Amy Richter, MS, RD]() — Written by [Jillian Kubala, MS, RD]() — [Updated on June 3, 2024]() ## related stories - [How Sleep Strengthens Your Immune System](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/how-sleep-bolsters-your-immune-system?utm_source=ReadNext) - [6 Mushrooms That Act as Turbo-Shots for Your Immune System](https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/best-medicinal-mushrooms-to-try?utm_source=ReadNext) - [8 Ways to Boost Your Immune System If You’re Over 65](https://www.healthline.com/health/flu/boost-immune-system-over-65?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Fluoxetine for Cats](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/fluoxetine-for-cats?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Why That 'Drama Queen' in Your Life Could Make You Age Faster](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/stressful-people-make-you-age-faster-study?utm_source=ReadNext) © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. 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Readable Markdown	Deficiencies in certain vitamins, including vitamin C, zinc, and others, may weaken your immune system. Taking supplements of these vitamins may help support immune system function. Your immune system consists of a complex collection of cells, processes, and chemicals that [defend your body](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6156898/) against invading pathogens, including viruses, toxins, and bacteria. Keeping your immune system healthy is key to preventing infection and disease. Some research suggests supplementing with certain vitamins, minerals, and herbs may help boost your immune system. However, it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before trying a new supplement, as some supplements may interact with medications. Here are 15 supplements that are known for their immune-boosting potential. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient essential to the health and functioning of your immune system. Vitamin D [enhances](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164750/) the pathogen-fighting effects of monocytes and macrophages — white blood cells that are important parts of your immune defense — and decreases inflammation, which helps promote immune response. Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of several conditions, [such as](https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/): - osteoporosis - some types of cancer - type 2 diabetes - cardiovascular disease - depression Research suggests that supplementing with vitamin D may help improve immune response. For example, a [2019 review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30675873/) found that [supplementing with vitamin D](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-to-increase-vitamin-d) significantly decreased the risk of respiratory infections in people deficient in this vitamin and lowered infection risk in those with adequate vitamin D levels. Vitamin D has also been researched in connection with COVID-19 because of its effect on the immune system. It may [help expedite](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7500624/) healing and stall inflammation in the respiratory system. However, more research is needed to fully support its effects in the treatment of COVID-19. The recommended daily intake of vitamin D is [15 micrograms (600 IU)](https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/) for adults. However, it’s best to speak with a healthcare professional. They could help determine the best amount for you. Supplements 101: Vitamin D [Zinc](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/zinc) is a mineral commonly added to supplements and other healthcare products. It’s [essential](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748737/) for immune system function because it helps: - immune cell development and communication - reduce inflammation - protect tissue barriers in the body - prevent foreign pathogens from entering Zinc deficiency may affect your immune system’s ability to function properly, resulting in an [increased](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493231/) risk of infection and disease, including pneumonia. Zinc deficiency affects around [2 billion people](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748737/) worldwide and up to 30% of older adults. Research suggests that [zinc supplements](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/zinc-supplements) may be beneficial for people who are already sick. For example, it could [help reduce](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38719213/) the duration of the common cold. Taking zinc long-term is typically safe for healthy adults, as long as the daily dose is under the set upper limit of [40 milligrams (mg)](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545442/table/appJ_tab9/?report=objectonly) of elemental zinc per day. Excessive doses may interfere with copper and iron absorption, which could increase your infection risk. Vitamin C is perhaps the most popular supplement for protecting against infection due to its important role in immune health. This vitamin [supports the function](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29099763/) of various immune cells and enhances their ability to protect against infection. It may also help: - promote cellular death by clearing out old cells and replacing them with new ones - function as an antioxidant and protect against oxidative stress - reduce the duration and severity of upper respiratory tract infections, including the [common cold](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/does-vitamin-c-help-with-colds) Additionally, high dose intravenous vitamin C treatment may help improve symptoms in people with severe infections, [including](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7070236/) sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) resulting from viral infections. That said, [more research](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0883944117310596?via%3Dihub) is needed to fully support the role of vitamin C supplementation in this setting. The upper limit for vitamin C is [2,000 mg](https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/). Supplemental daily doses are typically between 250 and 1,000 mg. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra), which has long been used to treat infections, is being researched for its effects on immune health. [Animal studies](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464619300313?via%3Dihub) suggest [elderberry](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/elderberry) extract may have antiviral potential against pathogens responsible for upper respiratory tract infections and strains of the influenza virus. A [2018 review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30670267/) found that elderberry supplements may help reduce [upper respiratory symptoms](https://www.healthline.com/health/acute-upper-respiratory-infection) caused by viral infections. Similarly, a [2021 review](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8026097/) noted that elderberry may help reduce the duration and severity of colds. Some people recommend using elderberry supplements only in the early stages of COVID-19. However, [no research](https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/elderberry) has evaluated the use of elderberry for COVID-19. Raw elderberries [should be](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501835/) cooked before consumption. This helps destroy sambunigrin, a compound found in elderberries that may cause cyanide poisoning. Speak with a healthcare professional before taking elderberry supplements. Elderberry supplements are most often sold in liquid or capsule form. Medicinal mushrooms have been used since ancient times to help prevent and treat infection and disease. Research suggests that many types of medicinal mushrooms may [help boost](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7826851/) the immune system. For example, a [2017 study](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5572845/) in mice with tuberculosis found that treatment with [cordyceps](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/cordyceps-benefits) helped reduce bacterial load in the lungs, enhance immune response, and reduce inflammation. Similarly, a [2019 study](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6441223/) in 79 adults found that supplementing with 1.7 grams (g) of cordyceps mycelium culture extract led to a 38% increase in the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, a type of white blood cell that protects against infection. [Turkey tail](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/turkey-tail-mushroom) is another medicinal mushroom that [may enhance](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6044372/) immune response, especially in people with certain types of cancer. Medicinal mushroom products can be found in the form of tinctures, teas, and supplements. A wide range of other supplements may help improve your immune system. However, it’s important to note that more research is needed to support their full effects. Speak with a healthcare professional before taking any new supplements. 6\. Astragalus [Astragalus](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/astragalus) is an herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). [Animal research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6438022/) suggests its extract may significantly improve immune-related responses. 7\. Selenium Selenium is an essential mineral for immune health. Animal research demonstrates that selenium supplements may enhance antiviral defense against influenza strains, including [H1N1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165773/) and [H9N2](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30593352/). 8\. Garlic [Garlic](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/garlic-fights-colds-and-flu) has powerful anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties. [Research](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35174827/) suggests it may help enhance immune health by stimulating and enhancing certain cytokines. 9\. Andrographis This herb contains andrographolide, a terpenoid compound that may have antiviral effects against several respiratory disease-causing viruses. It works by stimulating different types of cells, [such as](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27896563/) cytokine T cells and natural killer cells. 10\. Licorice Licorice contains many substances, including glycyrrhizin, that may help protect against viral infections. [Research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7808814/) suggests glycyrrhizin has several anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immune-boosting properties that could help protect against several illnesses, such as: - hepatitis A, B, and C viruses - vesicular stomatitis virus - herpes simplex virus - influenza A - respiratory-syndrome–related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) - respiratory syncytial virus - vaccinia virus - arboviruses 11\. Pelargonium sidoides Some [human research](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29563828/) supports the use of this African geranium extract to help alleviate symptoms of acute viral respiratory infections, including the common cold and bronchitis. Still, results are mixed, and more research is needed. 12\. B complex vitamins B vitamins, including B12 and B6, are important for a healthy immune response. Yet, many adults are [deficient](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5358464/) in them, which may negatively affect immune health. 13\. Curcumin Curcumin is the main active compound in turmeric. It has powerful anti-inflammatory properties, and animal studies indicate that it may [help improve](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6278270/) immune function. 14\. Echinacea [Echinacea](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/echinacea-for-colds) is a genus of plants in the daisy family. Certain species have been shown to [improve](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31126553/) immune health and may protect against upper respiratory tract infections, though research is mixed. 15\. Propolis Propolis is a resin-like material honeybees produce for use as a sealant in hives. Though it has impressive [immune-enhancing effects](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6335834/) and may have antiviral properties as well, more human research is needed. What is the strongest immune system booster? There’s no single, most powerful immune system booster. However, some foods, including bell peppers, fish, almonds, and citrus fruits, provide nutrients that may help strengthen your immune system. What can I drink to boost my immune system? Beverages, [such as](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34203004/) green tea, that contain antioxidants may help boost the immune system. But more research is needed. Do any immune supplements actually work? Research suggests that some supplements — like vitamin D, medicinal mushrooms, and elderberry — may help boost the immune system. However, more research is needed, and it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before trying a new supplement. Many supplements on the market may help [improve immune health](https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/foods-that-boost-the-immune-system), such as zinc, elderberry, and vitamins C and D, among others. Although these supplements may offer a small benefit for immune health, they can’t be used to replace a healthy diet and lifestyle. If you decide you want to try a supplement, speak with a healthcare professional first, as some supplements may interact with certain medications or are inappropriate for some people.
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