🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 98 (from laksa032)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa098.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical, ml_categories_json AS ml_categories_json, ml_types_json AS ml_types_json, ml_intent_types_json AS ml_intent_types_json, meta_language AS meta_language, attrs_author AS attrs_author, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_publish_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_original_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_original_publish_time, ifNull(attrs_is_republished, 0) AS attrs_is_republished, ifNull(attrs_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_nr_words, ifNull(attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, ifNull(body_ext_links_number, 0) AS body_ext_links_number, ifNull(body_int_links_number, 0) AS body_int_links_number, ifNull(meta_nofollow, 0) AS meta_nofollow, ifNull(meta_noarchive, 0) AS meta_noarchive, ifNull(props_was_rendered, 0) AS props_was_rendered, ifNull(src_redirect, \'\') AS src_redirect, ifNull(download_time_msec, 0) AS download_time_msec, ifNull(download_ttfb_msec, 0) AS download_ttfb_msec, ifNull(download_size, 0) AS download_size FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine","crawl_time":1775063391,"first_indexed_time":1647898944,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,healthline!www,\/health\/vaccinations\/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine s443","src_root_hash":"11478817528691466898","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"The Most Common Side Effects of the COVID-19 Vaccine","meta_descriptions":["Typical side effects for all COVID-19 vaccines are mild and require little more than rest. Let's discuss how this can affect different ages and how to recover."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"According to the\nWorld Health Organization (WHO)\n, healthcare professionals have given more than 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses since 2021, saving an estimated 14.4 million lives. These vaccines can also help prevent hospitalizations and serious illness caused by COVID-19.\nResearchers carefully track the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine. Side effect considerations were an important part of clinical trials before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the vaccines, and will remain in consideration as people continue to get the vaccines.\nHere’s what you should know about COVID-19 vaccine side effects.\nAs with all vaccines,\nside effects\nmay occur after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. Currently, two types of COVID-19 vaccines are available: mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna and protein subunit vaccines from Novavax.\nEach type of vaccine has the potential for side effects. Here are the more\ncommonly reported side effects\nfor each type of COVID-19 vaccine:\nSide effects\nmRNA vaccines\nsubunit vaccines\npain, soreness, redness\nat injection site\n√\n√\nfatigue\n√\n√\nheadache\n√\n√\nmuscle pain\n√\n√\njoint pain\n√\n√\nchills\n√\n√\nfever\n√\n√\nnausea\nand vomiting\n√\n√\nin infants: irritability or crying,\ndecreased appetite, and sleepiness\n√\nAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), even if you’ve had side effects from a COVID-19 vaccine, you can likely still have that vaccine at the next recommended vaccination dosage. However, if your healthcare professional suspects your reaction was an allergic reaction, you may need to see a doctor who specializes in treating allergies (allergist or immunologist) for a consultation before having another COVID-19 vaccination of that type.\nWhat are the chances of getting serious side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine?\nSerious COVID-19 vaccine side effects are very rare. According to the\nCDC\n, researchers have identified four adverse event types that have occurred. These include:\nAnaphylaxis\n:\nThis is a severe and potentially life threatening allergic reaction that can cause breathing problems, hives, and low blood pressure. The CDC reports that Anaphylaxis affects approximately 5 individuals per one million people who receive a dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.\nGuillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)\n:\nGBS is a rare side effect that can cause the immune system to attack healthy nerve cells. Symptoms include muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis.\nMyocarditis and pericarditis\n:\nThese heart conditions are rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects.\nMyocarditis occurs when the h\neart muscle becomes inflamed, and pericarditis occurs when the tissue surrounding the heart swells and becomes inflamed. According to the CDC, though rare, these side effects most often affect young adult males within 7 days of their second mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose. Currently approved mRNA vaccines include Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech.\nThrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS)\n:\nTTS is a very rare side effect, affecting approximately 4 individuals per 1 million Johnson & Johnson Janssen COVID-19 vaccines given. It’s associated with the now-discontinued Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. TTS can cause blood clots or increased blood clotting, which can potentially be life threatening. Once reports of individuals with TTS following the Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine were studied, this vaccine was\nremoved from the market\nin the United States.\nAs of June 1, 2023, the FDA\nchanged\nthe Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) granted to the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, limiting authorization. This decision follows an analysis of the safety concerns regarding thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS). The (Johnson & Johnson) Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine is no longer given in the United States.\nFederal agencies continue to track and investigate both mild and severe side effects of COVID-19 vaccines.\nOptum Perks is owned by RVO Health. By clicking on this link, we may receive a commission.\nLearn more.\nCOVID-19 vaccines are now FDA-approved for people\nages 5 and up\n. Here are some of the side effects reported by age.\nChildren\nResearch suggests\nthat children who receive the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) have mainly mild and self-limiting side effects, such as discomfort at the injection site.\nClinical trials in which researchers tested the vaccines in children also revealed no serious side effects, according to\n2021 research\n.\nThe most common side effects from the study were similar to those of adults. These included pain at the injection site, fatigue, chills, and headache. The most common symptom in children was a mild to moderate fever.\nYoung adults\nA\n2021 study\nof vaccine side effects published in JAMA found that younger adults were more likely to have adverse side effects than older adults.\nAnother\n2021 study\nfound young adults and adolescent males were the most likely to experience myocarditis as a vaccine side effect. The study found that 79% of reported myocarditis events were in men.\nOlder adults\nA\n2024 survey\nof over 200,000 older adults who had between one and three COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters found that older adults who had COVID-19 vaccination had no increased risk of emergency hospital visits or hospitalization when compared to unvaccinated older adults. The participants reported common symptoms that rarely required medical assessment and resolved.\nThe FDA has approved two COVID-19 vaccine brands in the United States: Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna for\nmRNA vaccines\nand\nNovavax\nfor protein subunit vaccines.\nThe side effects of the two different types of vaccines are very similar. However, if you have a severe allergic reaction after getting a COVID-19 vaccine, the\nCDC recommends\nthat you avoid getting another dose of the same vaccine type.\nFor example, if you have an allergic reaction to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, avoid the Moderna vaccine (and vice versa) since they work in the same way.\nIndividuals are\nseven times more likely\nto experience myocarditis after infection with the virus that causes COVID-19 than after a COVID-19 vaccination.\nThe CDC reports\n80% of patients\nwho were diagnosed with myocarditis at least three months before participating in a survey study had fully recovered or likely fully recovered as determined by their cardiologists.\nSome people will experience mild side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, while others may have none.\nYour side effects (or lack thereof) don’t mean the vaccine will work better for you than another person. The vaccine can help protect you regardless of your body’s response.\nIf you experience side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, here are some measures that may help:\nApply cold compresses to the injection site.\nDrink\nplenty of fluids\n.\nPerform light stretches to\nrelax your arm\nmuscles.\nTake over-the-counter\npain relievers\nlike acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin (but only for those older than age 18).\nRest and give your body time to recover.\nSide effects are generally mild and usually resolve within a\nfew hours to a few days\n– less than a week.\nIf you experience a significant side effect of the COVID-19 vaccine, report it to the\nVaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)\n. This resource can also be used to report any new side effects you haven’t heard mentioned before.\nAt the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were no readily available protections or treatments for the coronavirus. Since then,\nresearchers have found\nthat the COVID-19 vaccinations have been highly effective at reducing the death rate from COVID-19 while finding no indication of increased risk of non-COVID mortality after vaccination.\nThe COVID-19 vaccine has helped protect people against the coronavirus. According to the\nCDC\n, people who are unvaccinated have higher diagnosis and death rates than people who are vaccinated.\nPeople who are vaccinated, especially those ages 65 and older, can further reduce their risk by receiving a booster dose.\nAll vaccines have the potential for side effects. However, very few adverse events have been reported for the COVID-19 vaccine, and many worldwide health groups are monitoring side effects closely.\nGiven the recommendations for COVID-19 vaccinations for people at increased risk, you may want to speak with your doctor or a healthcare professional to see if you have any health conditions that put you in the high risk category and if you are recommended to get a COVID-19 vaccination.\nA healthcare professional can also answer any questions you may have about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines and which one may be best for you.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  Health Conditions\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n  \n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer Care](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/cancer-care)\n  - [Caregiving for Alzheimer's Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/alzheimers-disease)\n  - [Chronic Kidney Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/ckd)\n  - [Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/copd)\n  - 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Join Bezzy on the web or mobile app.\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.bezzy.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=nav-bar-connections)\n  \n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bezzy-Inflammatory-Bowel-Disease.png) Inflammatory Bowel Disease](https:\/\/www.bezzyibd.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bezzy-Multiple-Sclerosis.png) Multiple Sclerosis](https:\/\/www.bezzyms.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Bezzy-DEP-Icon-Circle.png) Depression](https:\/\/www.bezzydepression.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Bezzy-MIG-Icon-Circle.png) Migraine](https:\/\/www.bezzymigraine.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Bezzy-T2D-Icon-Circle.png) Type 2 Diabetes](https:\/\/www.bezzyt2d.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Bezzy-PsO.png) Psoriasis](https:\/\/www.bezzypsoriasis.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  \n  Follow us on social media\n  \n  Can't get enough? Connect with us for all things health.\n\nSubscribe\n\n[CBD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/cbd)\n\n- [Best CBD Gummies](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/cbd\/best-cbd-gummies)\n- [Best CBD for Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/best-cbd-oil-for-anxiety)\n- [Best CBD Oils](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/cbd\/best-cbd-oil)\n- [Best CBD Creams](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/top-10-cbd-lotions-creams-and-topicals)\n- [Best Gummies for Pain](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/cbd\/the-best-cbd-gummies-for-pain)\n\n# What Are the Side Effects of the COVID-19 Vaccine?\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Meredith-Goodwin-Headshot-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Meredith Goodwin, MD, FAAFP]() — Written by [Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA]() —  [Updated on June 19, 2025]()\n\n- [Side effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#side-effects)\n- [Age differences](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#age-differences)\n- [Different brands](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#different-brands)\n- [No side effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#no-side-effects)\n- [Treatment](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#treatment)\n- [Effectiveness](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#effectiveness)\n- [Takeaway](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#takeaway)\n\nAccording to the [World Health Organization (WHO)](https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/covid-19-vaccines\/advice), healthcare professionals have given more than 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses since 2021, saving an estimated 14.4 million lives. These vaccines can also help prevent hospitalizations and serious illness caused by COVID-19.\n\nResearchers carefully track the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine. Side effect considerations were an important part of clinical trials before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the vaccines, and will remain in consideration as people continue to get the vaccines.\n\nHere’s what you should know about COVID-19 vaccine side effects.\n\n## [What are the common side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine?]()\nAs with all vaccines, [side effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine) may occur after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. Currently, two types of COVID-19 vaccines are available: mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna and protein subunit vaccines from Novavax.\n\nEach type of vaccine has the potential for side effects. Here are the more [commonly reported side effects](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccine-safety\/vaccines\/covid-19.html) for each type of COVID-19 vaccine:\n\n| Side effects | mRNA vaccines | subunit vaccines |\n|---|---|---|\n| pain, soreness, redness  [at injection site](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/adult-vaccines\/covid-arm) | √ | √ |\n| [fatigue](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/fatigue) | √ | √ |\n| [headache](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/what-does-covid-headache-feel-like) | √ | √ |\n| [muscle pain](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/muscle-aches) | √ | √ |\n| [joint pain](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/joint-pain) | √ | √ |\n| [chills](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/chills) | √ | √ |\n| [fever](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-to-tell-if-you-have-a-fever) | √ | √ |\n| [nausea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/nausea) and vomiting | √ | √ |\n| in infants: irritability or crying,  decreased appetite, and sleepiness | √ |   |\n\nAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), even if you’ve had side effects from a COVID-19 vaccine, you can likely still have that vaccine at the next recommended vaccination dosage. However, if your healthcare professional suspects your reaction was an allergic reaction, you may need to see a doctor who specializes in treating allergies (allergist or immunologist) for a consultation before having another COVID-19 vaccination of that type.\n\n### What are the chances of getting serious side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine?\nSerious COVID-19 vaccine side effects are very rare. According to the [CDC](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/safety\/safety-of-vaccines.html?s_cid=10509:covid%20vaccine%20reactions:sem.ga:p:RG:GM:gen:PTN:FY21), researchers have identified four adverse event types that have occurred. These include:\n\n- **[Anaphylaxis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anaphylaxis):** This is a severe and potentially life threatening allergic reaction that can cause breathing problems, hives, and low blood pressure. The CDC reports that Anaphylaxis affects approximately 5 individuals per one million people who receive a dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.\n- **[Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/guillain-barre-syndrome):** GBS is a rare side effect that can cause the immune system to attack healthy nerve cells. Symptoms include muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis.\n- **[Myocarditis and pericarditis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/heart-disease\/myocarditis):** These heart conditions are rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects. Myocarditis occurs when the heart muscle becomes inflamed, and pericarditis occurs when the tissue surrounding the heart swells and becomes inflamed. According to the CDC, though rare, these side effects most often affect young adult males within 7 days of their second mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose. Currently approved mRNA vaccines include Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech.\n- **[Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/thrombosis-with-thrombocytopenia-syndrome):** TTS is a very rare side effect, affecting approximately 4 individuals per 1 million Johnson & Johnson Janssen COVID-19 vaccines given. It’s associated with the now-discontinued Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. TTS can cause blood clots or increased blood clotting, which can potentially be life threatening. Once reports of individuals with TTS following the Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine were studied, this vaccine was\n  [removed from the market](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/169004\/download?attachment)\n  in the United States.\n\n> As of June 1, 2023, the FDA [changed](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/coronavirus-covid-19-cber-regulated-biologics\/janssen-covid-19-vaccine) the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) granted to the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, limiting authorization. This decision follows an analysis of the safety concerns regarding thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS). The (Johnson & Johnson) Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine is no longer given in the United States.\n\nFederal agencies continue to track and investigate both mild and severe side effects of COVID-19 vaccines.\n\n**»Online Care:**[For \\$29, get personalized, expert care and prescriptions for COVID-19 in minutes. Available 24\/7 on Optum Perks.](https:\/\/perks.optum.com\/online-care\/covid-19?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=organic-onlinecare-on&utm_content=linkto-oc-on-other-skin-condition&utm_campaign=hl-article-oc-on-backlink&correlationId=null)\n\nOptum Perks is owned by RVO Health. By clicking on this link, we may receive a commission. [Learn more.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/brand-and-product-vetting)\n\n## [Do the side effects vary by age?]()\nCOVID-19 vaccines are now FDA-approved for people [ages 5 and up](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/kids-covid-vaccine-side-effects). Here are some of the side effects reported by age.\n\n### Children\n[Research suggests](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38031224\/) that children who receive the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) have mainly mild and self-limiting side effects, such as discomfort at the injection site. Clinical trials in which researchers tested the vaccines in children also revealed no serious side effects, according to [2021 research](https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2116298).\n\nThe most common side effects from the study were similar to those of adults. These included pain at the injection site, fatigue, chills, and headache. The most common symptom in children was a mild to moderate fever.\n\n### Young adults\nA [2021 study](https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2787361) of vaccine side effects published in JAMA found that younger adults were more likely to have adverse side effects than older adults.\n\nAnother [2021 study](https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056135) found young adults and adolescent males were the most likely to experience myocarditis as a vaccine side effect. The study found that 79% of reported myocarditis events were in men.\n\n### Older adults\nA [2024 survey](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0264410X24005358) of over 200,000 older adults who had between one and three COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters found that older adults who had COVID-19 vaccination had no increased risk of emergency hospital visits or hospitalization when compared to unvaccinated older adults. The participants reported common symptoms that rarely required medical assessment and resolved.\n\n### COVID vaccine recommendations\nThe [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/vaccines\/stay-up-to-date.html) recommends that most people ages 18 years and older get an annual COVID-19 vaccine. They suggest a [shared decision model](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10423463\/) for those ages 6 months to 17 years.  \nThe [American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)](https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/150\/3\/e2022058700\/188297\/COVID-19-Vaccines-in-Infants-Children-and?_gl=1*l1sy3v*_ga*MTQyNTE2MTAwNy4xNzQ5NTc4MTAx*_ga_FD9D3XZVQQ*czE3NDk1NzgxMDEkbzEkZzEkdDE3NDk1NzgxNjEkajYwJGwwJGgw*_gcl_au*MTY2NTQ2NDY5OS4xNzQ5NTc4MTAw*_ga_GMZCQS1K47*czE3NDk1NzgxMDEkbzEkZzEkdDE3NDk1NzgxNDEkajIwJGwwJGgw?autologincheck=redirected) recommends vaccination for every child 6 months or older, and the [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)](https:\/\/www.acog.org\/covid-19\/covid-19-vaccines-and-pregnancy-conversation-guide-for-clinicians) recommends vaccination for all pregnant people.\n\n## [Do the side effects vary by vaccine brand?]()\nThe FDA has approved two COVID-19 vaccine brands in the United States: Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna for [mRNA vaccines](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-does-mrna-vaccine-work) and [Novavax](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/novavax-what-to-know-about-the-latest-covid-19-vaccine) for protein subunit vaccines.\n\nThe side effects of the two different types of vaccines are very similar. However, if you have a severe allergic reaction after getting a COVID-19 vaccine, the [CDC recommends](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccine-safety\/vaccines\/covid-19.html) that you avoid getting another dose of the same vaccine type.\n\nFor example, if you have an allergic reaction to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, avoid the Moderna vaccine (and vice versa) since they work in the same way.\n\n> Individuals are [seven times more likely](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9467278\/) to experience myocarditis after infection with the virus that causes COVID-19 than after a COVID-19 vaccination.\n> \n> The CDC reports [80% of patients](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9555956\/) who were diagnosed with myocarditis at least three months before participating in a survey study had fully recovered or likely fully recovered as determined by their cardiologists.\n\n## [What does a lack of side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine mean?]()\nSome people will experience mild side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, while others may have none.\n\nYour side effects (or lack thereof) don’t mean the vaccine will work better for you than another person. The vaccine can help protect you regardless of your body’s response.\n\n## [How to cope with the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine]()\nIf you experience side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, here are some measures that may help:\n\n- Apply cold compresses to the injection site.\n- Drink [plenty of fluids](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-much-water-should-I-drink).\n- Perform light stretches to [relax your arm](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/fitness-exercise\/arm-stretches) muscles.\n- Take over-the-counter [pain relievers](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/should-you-take-pain-relievers-after-covid-19-vaccine) like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin (but only for those older than age 18).\n- Rest and give your body time to recover.\n\nSide effects are generally mild and usually resolve within a [few hours to a few days](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/vaccinations\/covid-19-vaccine\/) – less than a week.\n\nIf you experience a significant side effect of the COVID-19 vaccine, report it to the [Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)](https:\/\/vaers.hhs.gov\/). This resource can also be used to report any new side effects you haven’t heard mentioned before.\n\n## [How effective is the COVID-19 vaccine?]()\nAt the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were no readily available protections or treatments for the coronavirus. Since then, [researchers have found](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10247887\/) that the COVID-19 vaccinations have been highly effective at reducing the death rate from COVID-19 while finding no indication of increased risk of non-COVID mortality after vaccination.\n\nThe COVID-19 vaccine has helped protect people against the coronavirus. According to the [CDC](https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#rates-by-vaccine-status), people who are unvaccinated have higher diagnosis and death rates than people who are vaccinated.\n\nPeople who are vaccinated, especially those ages 65 and older, can further reduce their risk by receiving a booster dose.\n\n## [Takeaway]()\nAll vaccines have the potential for side effects. However, very few adverse events have been reported for the COVID-19 vaccine, and many worldwide health groups are monitoring side effects closely.\n\nGiven the recommendations for COVID-19 vaccinations for people at increased risk, you may want to speak with your doctor or a healthcare professional to see if you have any health conditions that put you in the high risk category and if you are recommended to get a COVID-19 vaccination.\n\nA healthcare professional can also answer any questions you may have about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines and which one may be best for you.\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nHistory\n\nHealthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/process).\n\n- Beatty AL, et al. (2021). Analysis of COVID-19 vaccine type and adverse effects following vaccination.  \n  <https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2787361>\n- Bozkurt B, et al. (2021). Myocarditis with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056135>\n- Committee on Infectious Diseases. (2022). COVID-19 vaccines in infants, children, and adolescents.  \n  <https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/150\/3\/e2022058700\/188297\/COVID-19-Vaccines-in-Infants-Children-and>\n- Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine safety. (2025).  \n  <https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccine-safety\/vaccines\/covid-19.html>\n- COVID data tracker. (2025).  \n  <https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#datatracker-home>\n- COVID-19 advice for the public: Getting vaccinated. (2024).  \n  <https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/covid-19-vaccines\/advice>\n- COVID-19 vaccine. (2024).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/vaccinations\/covid-19-vaccine\/>\n- COVID-19 vaccines and pregnancy: Conversation guide: Key recommendations and messaging for clinicians. (2023).  \n  <https:\/\/www.acog.org\/covid-19\/covid-19-vaccines-and-pregnancy-conversation-guide-for-clinicians>\n- COVID-19 vaccine safety surveillance. (2025).  \n  <https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/safety-availability-biologics\/covid-19-vaccine-safety-surveillance>\n- de Gier B, et al. (2023). Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on mortality by COVID-19 and on mortality by other causes, the Netherlands, January 2021–January 2022.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10247887\/>\n- Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. (2023).  \n  <https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/emergency-preparedness-and-response\/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19\/janssen-covid-19-vaccine>\n- Kracalik I, et al. (2022). Outcomes at least 90 days since onset of myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents and young adults in the USA: A follow-up surveillance study.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9555956\/>\n- Montori VM, et al. (2022). Shared decision-making as a method of care.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10423463\/>\n- Nurhani MA, et al. (2023). COVID-19 vaccine safety and side effects in children aged 5-11 years: A cross-sectional study.  \n  <https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38031224\/>\n- Review memorandum. (2023).  \n  <https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/169004\/download?attachment>\n- Soe P, et al. (2024). mRNA COVID-19 vaccine safety among older adults from the Canadian National Vaccine Safety Network.  \n  <https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0264410X24005358>\n- VAERS overview. (2021).  \n  <https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/vaccine-adverse-events\/vaers-overview>\n- VAERS Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System: Report an adverse effect. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/vaers.hhs.gov\/reportevent.html>\n- Voleti N, et al. (2022). Myocarditis in SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9467278\/>\n- Walter EB, et al. (2021). Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine in children 5 to 11 years of age.  \n  <https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2116298>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Meredith-Goodwin-Headshot-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Meredith Goodwin, MD, FAAFP]() — Written by [Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA]() —  [Updated on June 19, 2025]()\n\n## related stories\n- [How Long Do the COVID-19 Vaccines Protect You?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-long-does-covid-vaccine-protect-you?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [How Long Does It Take to Develop Full Immunity After the Second COVID-19 Vaccine?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-long-after-the-second-dose-of-the-covid-vaccine-are-you-immune?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Is Migraine a Side Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/migraines-after-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [How to Prepare for a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-to-prepare-for-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [FDA OKs New Drug To Boost COVID-19 Protection for Immunocompromised People](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/fda-oks-new-drug-to-boost-covid-19-protection-for-immunocompromised-people?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n### Read this next\n- [How Long Do the COVID-19 Vaccines Protect You?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-long-does-covid-vaccine-protect-you?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Learn how long COVID-19 vaccines may protect you, including data from Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, and NovaVax vaccines.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-long-does-covid-vaccine-protect-you?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-long-does-covid-vaccine-protect-you?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [How Long Does It Take to Develop Full Immunity After the Second COVID-19 Vaccine?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-long-after-the-second-dose-of-the-covid-vaccine-are-you-immune?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Cameron White, M.D., MPH](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [If you get the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine, you’ll need two doses. You typically have full immunity about 2 weeks after getting your second…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-long-after-the-second-dose-of-the-covid-vaccine-are-you-immune?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-long-after-the-second-dose-of-the-covid-vaccine-are-you-immune?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Is Migraine a Side Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/migraines-after-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Deena Kuruvilla, MD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [If you have a history of migraine, it’s possible that you may experience a migraine episode after getting your COVID-19 vaccine. Learn more.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/migraines-after-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/migraines-after-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [How to Prepare for a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-to-prepare-for-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Carissa Stephens, R.N., CCRN, CPN](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Some behaviors may help support vaccine effectiveness and reduce potential side effects. Learn how to prepare for the COVID-19 vaccine.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-to-prepare-for-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-to-prepare-for-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [FDA OKs New Drug To Boost COVID-19 Protection for Immunocompromised People](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/fda-oks-new-drug-to-boost-covid-19-protection-for-immunocompromised-people?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [The FDA granted an emergency use authorization for Pemgarda, a monoclonal antibody for people who are immunocompromised to provide protection from…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/fda-oks-new-drug-to-boost-covid-19-protection-for-immunocompromised-people?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/fda-oks-new-drug-to-boost-covid-19-protection-for-immunocompromised-people?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What to Know About COVID-19 Bivalent Vaccines](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/what-is-bivalent-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [COVID-19 bivalent vaccines have two components: one protecting from the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 and another protecting from more recent…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/what-is-bivalent-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/what-is-bivalent-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [WHO and US Have Ended COVID-19 Emergency Declarations, What Happens Now?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/who-and-us-have-end-covid-19-emergency-declarations-what-happens-now?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [The World Health Organization (WHO) is ending the emergency phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 continues to spread, but recent declines in COVID-](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/who-and-us-have-end-covid-19-emergency-declarations-what-happens-now?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/who-and-us-have-end-covid-19-emergency-declarations-what-happens-now?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Is Tinnitus a Side Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine? What We Know](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/is-the-covid-19-vaccine-linked-to-tinnitus-what-we-know?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Anecdotal reports are surfacing that some people are developing tinnitus days after receiving one of the COVID vaccines. More research is needed to…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/is-the-covid-19-vaccine-linked-to-tinnitus-what-we-know?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/is-the-covid-19-vaccine-linked-to-tinnitus-what-we-know?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Is it 'COVID Eye' from 'Arcturus' or Allergies? How to Tell the Difference](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/is-it-covid-eye-or-allergies-how-to-tell-the-difference?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [While many of the previous strains of COVID-19 have all presented with classic symptoms of cough, congestion, body aches, and even loss of taste…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/is-it-covid-eye-or-allergies-how-to-tell-the-difference?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/is-it-covid-eye-or-allergies-how-to-tell-the-difference?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Shortness of Breath: A Rare Adverse Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/shortness-of-breath-after-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [In very rare cases, shortness of breath can happen after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. Seek immediate medical care if this happens to you.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/shortness-of-breath-after-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/shortness-of-breath-after-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/contact-us)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/privacy-policy)\n- Privacy Settings\n- [Advertising Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/advertising-policy)\n- [Health Topics](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n\n- [Sitemap](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sitemap)\n- [Medical Affairs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n- [Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n- [Newsletters](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup)\n- © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"According to the [World Health Organization (WHO)](https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/covid-19-vaccines\/advice), healthcare professionals have given more than 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses since 2021, saving an estimated 14.4 million lives. These vaccines can also help prevent hospitalizations and serious illness caused by COVID-19.\n\nResearchers carefully track the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine. Side effect considerations were an important part of clinical trials before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the vaccines, and will remain in consideration as people continue to get the vaccines.\n\nHere’s what you should know about COVID-19 vaccine side effects.\n\nAs with all vaccines, [side effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine) may occur after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. Currently, two types of COVID-19 vaccines are available: mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna and protein subunit vaccines from Novavax.\n\nEach type of vaccine has the potential for side effects. Here are the more [commonly reported side effects](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccine-safety\/vaccines\/covid-19.html) for each type of COVID-19 vaccine:\n\n| Side effects | mRNA vaccines | subunit vaccines |\n|---|---|---|\n| pain, soreness, redness  [at injection site](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/adult-vaccines\/covid-arm) | √ | √ |\n| [fatigue](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/fatigue) | √ | √ |\n| [headache](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/what-does-covid-headache-feel-like) | √ | √ |\n| [muscle pain](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/muscle-aches) | √ | √ |\n| [joint pain](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/joint-pain) | √ | √ |\n| [chills](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/chills) | √ | √ |\n| [fever](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-to-tell-if-you-have-a-fever) | √ | √ |\n| [nausea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/nausea) and vomiting | √ | √ |\n| in infants: irritability or crying,  decreased appetite, and sleepiness | √ |   |\n\nAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), even if you’ve had side effects from a COVID-19 vaccine, you can likely still have that vaccine at the next recommended vaccination dosage. However, if your healthcare professional suspects your reaction was an allergic reaction, you may need to see a doctor who specializes in treating allergies (allergist or immunologist) for a consultation before having another COVID-19 vaccination of that type.\n\nWhat are the chances of getting serious side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine?\n\nSerious COVID-19 vaccine side effects are very rare. According to the [CDC](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/safety\/safety-of-vaccines.html?s_cid=10509:covid%20vaccine%20reactions:sem.ga:p:RG:GM:gen:PTN:FY21), researchers have identified four adverse event types that have occurred. These include:\n\n- **[Anaphylaxis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anaphylaxis):** This is a severe and potentially life threatening allergic reaction that can cause breathing problems, hives, and low blood pressure. The CDC reports that Anaphylaxis affects approximately 5 individuals per one million people who receive a dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.\n- **[Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/guillain-barre-syndrome):** GBS is a rare side effect that can cause the immune system to attack healthy nerve cells. Symptoms include muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis.\n- **[Myocarditis and pericarditis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/heart-disease\/myocarditis):** These heart conditions are rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects. Myocarditis occurs when the heart muscle becomes inflamed, and pericarditis occurs when the tissue surrounding the heart swells and becomes inflamed. According to the CDC, though rare, these side effects most often affect young adult males within 7 days of their second mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose. Currently approved mRNA vaccines include Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech.\n- **[Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/thrombosis-with-thrombocytopenia-syndrome):** TTS is a very rare side effect, affecting approximately 4 individuals per 1 million Johnson & Johnson Janssen COVID-19 vaccines given. It’s associated with the now-discontinued Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. TTS can cause blood clots or increased blood clotting, which can potentially be life threatening. Once reports of individuals with TTS following the Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine were studied, this vaccine was\n  [removed from the market](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/169004\/download?attachment)\n  in the United States.\n\n> As of June 1, 2023, the FDA [changed](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/coronavirus-covid-19-cber-regulated-biologics\/janssen-covid-19-vaccine) the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) granted to the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, limiting authorization. This decision follows an analysis of the safety concerns regarding thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS). The (Johnson & Johnson) Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine is no longer given in the United States.\n\nFederal agencies continue to track and investigate both mild and severe side effects of COVID-19 vaccines.\n\nOptum Perks is owned by RVO Health. By clicking on this link, we may receive a commission. [Learn more.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/brand-and-product-vetting)\n\nCOVID-19 vaccines are now FDA-approved for people [ages 5 and up](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/kids-covid-vaccine-side-effects). Here are some of the side effects reported by age.\n\nChildren\n\n[Research suggests](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38031224\/) that children who receive the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) have mainly mild and self-limiting side effects, such as discomfort at the injection site. Clinical trials in which researchers tested the vaccines in children also revealed no serious side effects, according to [2021 research](https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2116298).\n\nThe most common side effects from the study were similar to those of adults. These included pain at the injection site, fatigue, chills, and headache. The most common symptom in children was a mild to moderate fever.\n\nYoung adults\n\nA [2021 study](https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2787361) of vaccine side effects published in JAMA found that younger adults were more likely to have adverse side effects than older adults.\n\nAnother [2021 study](https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056135) found young adults and adolescent males were the most likely to experience myocarditis as a vaccine side effect. The study found that 79% of reported myocarditis events were in men.\n\nOlder adults\n\nA [2024 survey](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0264410X24005358) of over 200,000 older adults who had between one and three COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters found that older adults who had COVID-19 vaccination had no increased risk of emergency hospital visits or hospitalization when compared to unvaccinated older adults. The participants reported common symptoms that rarely required medical assessment and resolved.\n\nThe FDA has approved two COVID-19 vaccine brands in the United States: Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna for [mRNA vaccines](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-does-mrna-vaccine-work) and [Novavax](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/novavax-what-to-know-about-the-latest-covid-19-vaccine) for protein subunit vaccines.\n\nThe side effects of the two different types of vaccines are very similar. However, if you have a severe allergic reaction after getting a COVID-19 vaccine, the [CDC recommends](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccine-safety\/vaccines\/covid-19.html) that you avoid getting another dose of the same vaccine type.\n\nFor example, if you have an allergic reaction to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, avoid the Moderna vaccine (and vice versa) since they work in the same way.\n\n> Individuals are [seven times more likely](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9467278\/) to experience myocarditis after infection with the virus that causes COVID-19 than after a COVID-19 vaccination.\n> \n> The CDC reports [80% of patients](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9555956\/) who were diagnosed with myocarditis at least three months before participating in a survey study had fully recovered or likely fully recovered as determined by their cardiologists.\n\nSome people will experience mild side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, while others may have none.\n\nYour side effects (or lack thereof) don’t mean the vaccine will work better for you than another person. The vaccine can help protect you regardless of your body’s response.\n\nIf you experience side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, here are some measures that may help:\n\n- Apply cold compresses to the injection site.\n- Drink [plenty of fluids](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-much-water-should-I-drink).\n- Perform light stretches to [relax your arm](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/fitness-exercise\/arm-stretches) muscles.\n- Take over-the-counter [pain relievers](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/should-you-take-pain-relievers-after-covid-19-vaccine) like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin (but only for those older than age 18).\n- Rest and give your body time to recover.\n\nSide effects are generally mild and usually resolve within a [few hours to a few days](https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/vaccinations\/covid-19-vaccine\/) – less than a week.\n\nIf you experience a significant side effect of the COVID-19 vaccine, report it to the [Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)](https:\/\/vaers.hhs.gov\/). This resource can also be used to report any new side effects you haven’t heard mentioned before.\n\nAt the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were no readily available protections or treatments for the coronavirus. Since then, [researchers have found](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10247887\/) that the COVID-19 vaccinations have been highly effective at reducing the death rate from COVID-19 while finding no indication of increased risk of non-COVID mortality after vaccination.\n\nThe COVID-19 vaccine has helped protect people against the coronavirus. According to the [CDC](https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#rates-by-vaccine-status), people who are unvaccinated have higher diagnosis and death rates than people who are vaccinated.\n\nPeople who are vaccinated, especially those ages 65 and older, can further reduce their risk by receiving a booster dose.\n\nAll vaccines have the potential for side effects. However, very few adverse events have been reported for the COVID-19 vaccine, and many worldwide health groups are monitoring side effects closely.\n\nGiven the recommendations for COVID-19 vaccinations for people at increased risk, you may want to speak with your doctor or a healthcare professional to see if you have any health conditions that put you in the high risk category and if you are recommended to get a COVID-19 vaccination.\n\nA healthcare professional can also answer any questions you may have about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines and which one may be best for you.","meta_canonical":null,"ml_categories_json":"{\"\/Health\":997,\"\/Health\/Public_Health\":645,\"\/Health\/Public_Health\/Health_Policy\":602}","ml_types_json":"{\"\/Article\":999,\"\/Article\/Definitions\":383}","ml_intent_types_json":"{\"Informational\":999}","meta_language":"en","attrs_author":"Rachel Nall","attrs_publish_time":0,"attrs_original_publish_time":1647898944,"attrs_is_republished":0,"attrs_nr_words":"2843","attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words":"1348","body_ext_links_number":48,"body_int_links_number":146,"meta_nofollow":0,"meta_noarchive":0,"props_was_rendered":0,"src_redirect":"","download_time_msec":242,"download_ttfb_msec":233,"download_size":92528}

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The Most Common Side Effects of the COVID-19 Vaccine

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Typical side effects for all COVID-19 vaccines are mild and require little more than rest. Let's discuss how this can affect different ages and how to recover.

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO) , healthcare professionals have given more than 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses since 2021, saving an estimated 14.4 million lives. These vaccines can also help prevent hospitalizations and serious illness caused by COVID-19. Researchers carefully track the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine. Side effect considerations were an important part of clinical trials before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the vaccines, and will remain in consideration as people continue to get the vaccines. Here’s what you should know about COVID-19 vaccine side effects. As with all vaccines, side effects may occur after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. Currently, two types of COVID-19 vaccines are available: mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna and protein subunit vaccines from Novavax. Each type of vaccine has the potential for side effects. Here are the more commonly reported side effects for each type of COVID-19 vaccine: Side effects mRNA vaccines subunit vaccines pain, soreness, redness at injection site √ √ fatigue √ √ headache √ √ muscle pain √ √ joint pain √ √ chills √ √ fever √ √ nausea and vomiting √ √ in infants: irritability or crying, decreased appetite, and sleepiness √ According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), even if you’ve had side effects from a COVID-19 vaccine, you can likely still have that vaccine at the next recommended vaccination dosage. However, if your healthcare professional suspects your reaction was an allergic reaction, you may need to see a doctor who specializes in treating allergies (allergist or immunologist) for a consultation before having another COVID-19 vaccination of that type. What are the chances of getting serious side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine? Serious COVID-19 vaccine side effects are very rare. According to the CDC , researchers have identified four adverse event types that have occurred. These include: Anaphylaxis : This is a severe and potentially life threatening allergic reaction that can cause breathing problems, hives, and low blood pressure. The CDC reports that Anaphylaxis affects approximately 5 individuals per one million people who receive a dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) : GBS is a rare side effect that can cause the immune system to attack healthy nerve cells. Symptoms include muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. Myocarditis and pericarditis : These heart conditions are rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects. Myocarditis occurs when the h eart muscle becomes inflamed, and pericarditis occurs when the tissue surrounding the heart swells and becomes inflamed. According to the CDC, though rare, these side effects most often affect young adult males within 7 days of their second mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose. Currently approved mRNA vaccines include Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech. Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) : TTS is a very rare side effect, affecting approximately 4 individuals per 1 million Johnson & Johnson Janssen COVID-19 vaccines given. It’s associated with the now-discontinued Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. TTS can cause blood clots or increased blood clotting, which can potentially be life threatening. Once reports of individuals with TTS following the Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine were studied, this vaccine was removed from the market in the United States. As of June 1, 2023, the FDA changed the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) granted to the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, limiting authorization. This decision follows an analysis of the safety concerns regarding thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS). The (Johnson & Johnson) Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine is no longer given in the United States. Federal agencies continue to track and investigate both mild and severe side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. Optum Perks is owned by RVO Health. By clicking on this link, we may receive a commission. Learn more. COVID-19 vaccines are now FDA-approved for people ages 5 and up . Here are some of the side effects reported by age. Children Research suggests that children who receive the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) have mainly mild and self-limiting side effects, such as discomfort at the injection site. Clinical trials in which researchers tested the vaccines in children also revealed no serious side effects, according to 2021 research . The most common side effects from the study were similar to those of adults. These included pain at the injection site, fatigue, chills, and headache. The most common symptom in children was a mild to moderate fever. Young adults A 2021 study of vaccine side effects published in JAMA found that younger adults were more likely to have adverse side effects than older adults. Another 2021 study found young adults and adolescent males were the most likely to experience myocarditis as a vaccine side effect. The study found that 79% of reported myocarditis events were in men. Older adults A 2024 survey of over 200,000 older adults who had between one and three COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters found that older adults who had COVID-19 vaccination had no increased risk of emergency hospital visits or hospitalization when compared to unvaccinated older adults. The participants reported common symptoms that rarely required medical assessment and resolved. The FDA has approved two COVID-19 vaccine brands in the United States: Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna for mRNA vaccines and Novavax for protein subunit vaccines. The side effects of the two different types of vaccines are very similar. However, if you have a severe allergic reaction after getting a COVID-19 vaccine, the CDC recommends that you avoid getting another dose of the same vaccine type. For example, if you have an allergic reaction to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, avoid the Moderna vaccine (and vice versa) since they work in the same way. Individuals are seven times more likely to experience myocarditis after infection with the virus that causes COVID-19 than after a COVID-19 vaccination. The CDC reports 80% of patients who were diagnosed with myocarditis at least three months before participating in a survey study had fully recovered or likely fully recovered as determined by their cardiologists. Some people will experience mild side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, while others may have none. Your side effects (or lack thereof) don’t mean the vaccine will work better for you than another person. The vaccine can help protect you regardless of your body’s response. If you experience side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, here are some measures that may help: Apply cold compresses to the injection site. Drink plenty of fluids . Perform light stretches to relax your arm muscles. Take over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin (but only for those older than age 18). Rest and give your body time to recover. Side effects are generally mild and usually resolve within a few hours to a few days – less than a week. If you experience a significant side effect of the COVID-19 vaccine, report it to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) . This resource can also be used to report any new side effects you haven’t heard mentioned before. At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were no readily available protections or treatments for the coronavirus. Since then, researchers have found that the COVID-19 vaccinations have been highly effective at reducing the death rate from COVID-19 while finding no indication of increased risk of non-COVID mortality after vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccine has helped protect people against the coronavirus. According to the CDC , people who are unvaccinated have higher diagnosis and death rates than people who are vaccinated. People who are vaccinated, especially those ages 65 and older, can further reduce their risk by receiving a booster dose. All vaccines have the potential for side effects. However, very few adverse events have been reported for the COVID-19 vaccine, and many worldwide health groups are monitoring side effects closely. Given the recommendations for COVID-19 vaccinations for people at increased risk, you may want to speak with your doctor or a healthcare professional to see if you have any health conditions that put you in the high risk category and if you are recommended to get a COVID-19 vaccination. A healthcare professional can also answer any questions you may have about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines and which one may be best for you.

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Subscribe [CBD](https://www.healthline.com/cbd) - [Best CBD Gummies](https://www.healthline.com/cbd/best-cbd-gummies) - [Best CBD for Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/best-cbd-oil-for-anxiety) - [Best CBD Oils](https://www.healthline.com/cbd/best-cbd-oil) - [Best CBD Creams](https://www.healthline.com/health/top-10-cbd-lotions-creams-and-topicals) - [Best Gummies for Pain](https://www.healthline.com/cbd/the-best-cbd-gummies-for-pain) # What Are the Side Effects of the COVID-19 Vaccine? ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Meredith-Goodwin-Headshot-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Meredith Goodwin, MD, FAAFP]() — Written by [Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA]() — [Updated on June 19, 2025]() - [Side effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#side-effects) - [Age differences](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#age-differences) - [Different brands](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#different-brands) - [No side effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#no-side-effects) - [Treatment](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#treatment) - [Effectiveness](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#effectiveness) - [Takeaway](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine#takeaway) According to the [World Health Organization (WHO)](https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice), healthcare professionals have given more than 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses since 2021, saving an estimated 14.4 million lives. These vaccines can also help prevent hospitalizations and serious illness caused by COVID-19. Researchers carefully track the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine. Side effect considerations were an important part of clinical trials before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the vaccines, and will remain in consideration as people continue to get the vaccines. Here’s what you should know about COVID-19 vaccine side effects. ## [What are the common side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine?]() As with all vaccines, [side effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine) may occur after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. Currently, two types of COVID-19 vaccines are available: mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna and protein subunit vaccines from Novavax. Each type of vaccine has the potential for side effects. Here are the more [commonly reported side effects](https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/covid-19.html) for each type of COVID-19 vaccine: | Side effects | mRNA vaccines | subunit vaccines | |---|---|---| | pain, soreness, redness [at injection site](https://www.healthline.com/health/adult-vaccines/covid-arm) | √ | √ | | [fatigue](https://www.healthline.com/health/fatigue) | √ | √ | | [headache](https://www.healthline.com/health/what-does-covid-headache-feel-like) | √ | √ | | [muscle pain](https://www.healthline.com/health/muscle-aches) | √ | √ | | [joint pain](https://www.healthline.com/health/joint-pain) | √ | √ | | [chills](https://www.healthline.com/health/chills) | √ | √ | | [fever](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-tell-if-you-have-a-fever) | √ | √ | | [nausea](https://www.healthline.com/health/nausea) and vomiting | √ | √ | | in infants: irritability or crying, decreased appetite, and sleepiness | √ | | According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), even if you’ve had side effects from a COVID-19 vaccine, you can likely still have that vaccine at the next recommended vaccination dosage. However, if your healthcare professional suspects your reaction was an allergic reaction, you may need to see a doctor who specializes in treating allergies (allergist or immunologist) for a consultation before having another COVID-19 vaccination of that type. ### What are the chances of getting serious side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine? Serious COVID-19 vaccine side effects are very rare. According to the [CDC](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/safety-of-vaccines.html?s_cid=10509:covid%20vaccine%20reactions:sem.ga:p:RG:GM:gen:PTN:FY21), researchers have identified four adverse event types that have occurred. These include: - **[Anaphylaxis](https://www.healthline.com/health/anaphylaxis):** This is a severe and potentially life threatening allergic reaction that can cause breathing problems, hives, and low blood pressure. The CDC reports that Anaphylaxis affects approximately 5 individuals per one million people who receive a dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. - **[Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)](https://www.healthline.com/health/guillain-barre-syndrome):** GBS is a rare side effect that can cause the immune system to attack healthy nerve cells. Symptoms include muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. - **[Myocarditis and pericarditis](https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/myocarditis):** These heart conditions are rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects. Myocarditis occurs when the heart muscle becomes inflamed, and pericarditis occurs when the tissue surrounding the heart swells and becomes inflamed. According to the CDC, though rare, these side effects most often affect young adult males within 7 days of their second mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose. Currently approved mRNA vaccines include Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech. - **[Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS)](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/thrombosis-with-thrombocytopenia-syndrome):** TTS is a very rare side effect, affecting approximately 4 individuals per 1 million Johnson & Johnson Janssen COVID-19 vaccines given. It’s associated with the now-discontinued Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. TTS can cause blood clots or increased blood clotting, which can potentially be life threatening. Once reports of individuals with TTS following the Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine were studied, this vaccine was [removed from the market](https://www.fda.gov/media/169004/download?attachment) in the United States. > As of June 1, 2023, the FDA [changed](https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/coronavirus-covid-19-cber-regulated-biologics/janssen-covid-19-vaccine) the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) granted to the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, limiting authorization. This decision follows an analysis of the safety concerns regarding thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS). The (Johnson & Johnson) Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine is no longer given in the United States. Federal agencies continue to track and investigate both mild and severe side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. **»Online Care:**[For \$29, get personalized, expert care and prescriptions for COVID-19 in minutes. Available 24/7 on Optum Perks.](https://perks.optum.com/online-care/covid-19?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=organic-onlinecare-on&utm_content=linkto-oc-on-other-skin-condition&utm_campaign=hl-article-oc-on-backlink&correlationId=null) Optum Perks is owned by RVO Health. By clicking on this link, we may receive a commission. [Learn more.](https://www.healthline.com/about/brand-and-product-vetting) ## [Do the side effects vary by age?]() COVID-19 vaccines are now FDA-approved for people [ages 5 and up](https://www.healthline.com/health/kids-covid-vaccine-side-effects). Here are some of the side effects reported by age. ### Children [Research suggests](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38031224/) that children who receive the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) have mainly mild and self-limiting side effects, such as discomfort at the injection site. Clinical trials in which researchers tested the vaccines in children also revealed no serious side effects, according to [2021 research](https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2116298). The most common side effects from the study were similar to those of adults. These included pain at the injection site, fatigue, chills, and headache. The most common symptom in children was a mild to moderate fever. ### Young adults A [2021 study](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2787361) of vaccine side effects published in JAMA found that younger adults were more likely to have adverse side effects than older adults. Another [2021 study](https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056135) found young adults and adolescent males were the most likely to experience myocarditis as a vaccine side effect. The study found that 79% of reported myocarditis events were in men. ### Older adults A [2024 survey](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24005358) of over 200,000 older adults who had between one and three COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters found that older adults who had COVID-19 vaccination had no increased risk of emergency hospital visits or hospitalization when compared to unvaccinated older adults. The participants reported common symptoms that rarely required medical assessment and resolved. ### COVID vaccine recommendations The [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)](https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html) recommends that most people ages 18 years and older get an annual COVID-19 vaccine. They suggest a [shared decision model](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10423463/) for those ages 6 months to 17 years. The [American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)](https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/150/3/e2022058700/188297/COVID-19-Vaccines-in-Infants-Children-and?_gl=1*l1sy3v*_ga*MTQyNTE2MTAwNy4xNzQ5NTc4MTAx*_ga_FD9D3XZVQQ*czE3NDk1NzgxMDEkbzEkZzEkdDE3NDk1NzgxNjEkajYwJGwwJGgw*_gcl_au*MTY2NTQ2NDY5OS4xNzQ5NTc4MTAw*_ga_GMZCQS1K47*czE3NDk1NzgxMDEkbzEkZzEkdDE3NDk1NzgxNDEkajIwJGwwJGgw?autologincheck=redirected) recommends vaccination for every child 6 months or older, and the [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)](https://www.acog.org/covid-19/covid-19-vaccines-and-pregnancy-conversation-guide-for-clinicians) recommends vaccination for all pregnant people. ## [Do the side effects vary by vaccine brand?]() The FDA has approved two COVID-19 vaccine brands in the United States: Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna for [mRNA vaccines](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-does-mrna-vaccine-work) and [Novavax](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/novavax-what-to-know-about-the-latest-covid-19-vaccine) for protein subunit vaccines. The side effects of the two different types of vaccines are very similar. However, if you have a severe allergic reaction after getting a COVID-19 vaccine, the [CDC recommends](https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/covid-19.html) that you avoid getting another dose of the same vaccine type. For example, if you have an allergic reaction to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, avoid the Moderna vaccine (and vice versa) since they work in the same way. > Individuals are [seven times more likely](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9467278/) to experience myocarditis after infection with the virus that causes COVID-19 than after a COVID-19 vaccination. > > The CDC reports [80% of patients](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9555956/) who were diagnosed with myocarditis at least three months before participating in a survey study had fully recovered or likely fully recovered as determined by their cardiologists. ## [What does a lack of side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine mean?]() Some people will experience mild side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, while others may have none. Your side effects (or lack thereof) don’t mean the vaccine will work better for you than another person. The vaccine can help protect you regardless of your body’s response. ## [How to cope with the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine]() If you experience side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, here are some measures that may help: - Apply cold compresses to the injection site. - Drink [plenty of fluids](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-much-water-should-I-drink). - Perform light stretches to [relax your arm](https://www.healthline.com/health/fitness-exercise/arm-stretches) muscles. - Take over-the-counter [pain relievers](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/should-you-take-pain-relievers-after-covid-19-vaccine) like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin (but only for those older than age 18). - Rest and give your body time to recover. Side effects are generally mild and usually resolve within a [few hours to a few days](https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/covid-19-vaccine/) – less than a week. If you experience a significant side effect of the COVID-19 vaccine, report it to the [Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)](https://vaers.hhs.gov/). This resource can also be used to report any new side effects you haven’t heard mentioned before. ## [How effective is the COVID-19 vaccine?]() At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were no readily available protections or treatments for the coronavirus. Since then, [researchers have found](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10247887/) that the COVID-19 vaccinations have been highly effective at reducing the death rate from COVID-19 while finding no indication of increased risk of non-COVID mortality after vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccine has helped protect people against the coronavirus. According to the [CDC](https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#rates-by-vaccine-status), people who are unvaccinated have higher diagnosis and death rates than people who are vaccinated. People who are vaccinated, especially those ages 65 and older, can further reduce their risk by receiving a booster dose. ## [Takeaway]() All vaccines have the potential for side effects. However, very few adverse events have been reported for the COVID-19 vaccine, and many worldwide health groups are monitoring side effects closely. Given the recommendations for COVID-19 vaccinations for people at increased risk, you may want to speak with your doctor or a healthcare professional to see if you have any health conditions that put you in the high risk category and if you are recommended to get a COVID-19 vaccination. A healthcare professional can also answer any questions you may have about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines and which one may be best for you. ### How we reviewed this article: Sources History Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.healthline.com/about/process). - Beatty AL, et al. (2021). Analysis of COVID-19 vaccine type and adverse effects following vaccination. <https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2787361> - Bozkurt B, et al. (2021). Myocarditis with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. <https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056135> - Committee on Infectious Diseases. (2022). COVID-19 vaccines in infants, children, and adolescents. <https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/150/3/e2022058700/188297/COVID-19-Vaccines-in-Infants-Children-and> - Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine safety. (2025). <https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/covid-19.html> - COVID data tracker. (2025). <https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#datatracker-home> - COVID-19 advice for the public: Getting vaccinated. (2024). <https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice> - COVID-19 vaccine. (2024). <https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/covid-19-vaccine/> - COVID-19 vaccines and pregnancy: Conversation guide: Key recommendations and messaging for clinicians. (2023). <https://www.acog.org/covid-19/covid-19-vaccines-and-pregnancy-conversation-guide-for-clinicians> - COVID-19 vaccine safety surveillance. (2025). <https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/covid-19-vaccine-safety-surveillance> - de Gier B, et al. (2023). Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on mortality by COVID-19 and on mortality by other causes, the Netherlands, January 2021–January 2022. <https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10247887/> - Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. (2023). <https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/janssen-covid-19-vaccine> - Kracalik I, et al. (2022). Outcomes at least 90 days since onset of myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents and young adults in the USA: A follow-up surveillance study. <https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9555956/> - Montori VM, et al. (2022). Shared decision-making as a method of care. <https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10423463/> - Nurhani MA, et al. (2023). COVID-19 vaccine safety and side effects in children aged 5-11 years: A cross-sectional study. <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38031224/> - Review memorandum. (2023). <https://www.fda.gov/media/169004/download?attachment> - Soe P, et al. (2024). mRNA COVID-19 vaccine safety among older adults from the Canadian National Vaccine Safety Network. <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24005358> - VAERS overview. (2021). <https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccine-adverse-events/vaers-overview> - VAERS Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System: Report an adverse effect. (n.d.). <https://vaers.hhs.gov/reportevent.html> - Voleti N, et al. (2022). Myocarditis in SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9467278/> - Walter EB, et al. (2021). Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine in children 5 to 11 years of age. <https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2116298> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Meredith-Goodwin-Headshot-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Meredith Goodwin, MD, FAAFP]() — Written by [Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA]() — [Updated on June 19, 2025]() ## related stories - [How Long Do the COVID-19 Vaccines Protect You?](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-does-covid-vaccine-protect-you?utm_source=ReadNext) - [How Long Does It Take to Develop Full Immunity After the Second COVID-19 Vaccine?](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-after-the-second-dose-of-the-covid-vaccine-are-you-immune?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Is Migraine a Side Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine?](https://www.healthline.com/health/migraines-after-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) - [How to Prepare for a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-prepare-for-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) - [FDA OKs New Drug To Boost COVID-19 Protection for Immunocompromised People](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/fda-oks-new-drug-to-boost-covid-19-protection-for-immunocompromised-people?utm_source=ReadNext) ### Read this next - [How Long Do the COVID-19 Vaccines Protect You?](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-does-covid-vaccine-protect-you?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [Learn how long COVID-19 vaccines may protect you, including data from Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, and NovaVax vaccines.](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-does-covid-vaccine-protect-you?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-does-covid-vaccine-protect-you?utm_source=ReadNext) - [How Long Does It Take to Develop Full Immunity After the Second COVID-19 Vaccine?](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-after-the-second-dose-of-the-covid-vaccine-are-you-immune?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Cameron White, M.D., MPH](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [If you get the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine, you’ll need two doses. You typically have full immunity about 2 weeks after getting your second…](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-after-the-second-dose-of-the-covid-vaccine-are-you-immune?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-after-the-second-dose-of-the-covid-vaccine-are-you-immune?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Is Migraine a Side Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine?](https://www.healthline.com/health/migraines-after-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Deena Kuruvilla, MD](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [If you have a history of migraine, it’s possible that you may experience a migraine episode after getting your COVID-19 vaccine. Learn more.](https://www.healthline.com/health/migraines-after-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/migraines-after-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) - [How to Prepare for a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-prepare-for-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Carissa Stephens, R.N., CCRN, CPN](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [Some behaviors may help support vaccine effectiveness and reduce potential side effects. Learn how to prepare for the COVID-19 vaccine.](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-prepare-for-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-prepare-for-covid-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) - [FDA OKs New Drug To Boost COVID-19 Protection for Immunocompromised People](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/fda-oks-new-drug-to-boost-covid-19-protection-for-immunocompromised-people?utm_source=ReadNext) [The FDA granted an emergency use authorization for Pemgarda, a monoclonal antibody for people who are immunocompromised to provide protection from…](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/fda-oks-new-drug-to-boost-covid-19-protection-for-immunocompromised-people?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/fda-oks-new-drug-to-boost-covid-19-protection-for-immunocompromised-people?utm_source=ReadNext) - [What to Know About COVID-19 Bivalent Vaccines](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/what-is-bivalent-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) [COVID-19 bivalent vaccines have two components: one protecting from the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 and another protecting from more recent…](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/what-is-bivalent-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/what-is-bivalent-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) - [WHO and US Have Ended COVID-19 Emergency Declarations, What Happens Now?](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/who-and-us-have-end-covid-19-emergency-declarations-what-happens-now?utm_source=ReadNext) [The World Health Organization (WHO) is ending the emergency phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. 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Seek immediate medical care if this happens to you.](https://www.healthline.com/health/shortness-of-breath-after-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/shortness-of-breath-after-vaccine?utm_source=ReadNext) © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. 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Readable Markdown

According to the [World Health Organization (WHO)](https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice), healthcare professionals have given more than 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses since 2021, saving an estimated 14.4 million lives. These vaccines can also help prevent hospitalizations and serious illness caused by COVID-19. Researchers carefully track the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine. Side effect considerations were an important part of clinical trials before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the vaccines, and will remain in consideration as people continue to get the vaccines. Here’s what you should know about COVID-19 vaccine side effects. As with all vaccines, [side effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccine) may occur after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. Currently, two types of COVID-19 vaccines are available: mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna and protein subunit vaccines from Novavax. Each type of vaccine has the potential for side effects. Here are the more [commonly reported side effects](https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/covid-19.html) for each type of COVID-19 vaccine: | Side effects | mRNA vaccines | subunit vaccines | |---|---|---| | pain, soreness, redness [at injection site](https://www.healthline.com/health/adult-vaccines/covid-arm) | √ | √ | | [fatigue](https://www.healthline.com/health/fatigue) | √ | √ | | [headache](https://www.healthline.com/health/what-does-covid-headache-feel-like) | √ | √ | | [muscle pain](https://www.healthline.com/health/muscle-aches) | √ | √ | | [joint pain](https://www.healthline.com/health/joint-pain) | √ | √ | | [chills](https://www.healthline.com/health/chills) | √ | √ | | [fever](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-tell-if-you-have-a-fever) | √ | √ | | [nausea](https://www.healthline.com/health/nausea) and vomiting | √ | √ | | in infants: irritability or crying, decreased appetite, and sleepiness | √ | | According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), even if you’ve had side effects from a COVID-19 vaccine, you can likely still have that vaccine at the next recommended vaccination dosage. However, if your healthcare professional suspects your reaction was an allergic reaction, you may need to see a doctor who specializes in treating allergies (allergist or immunologist) for a consultation before having another COVID-19 vaccination of that type. What are the chances of getting serious side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine? Serious COVID-19 vaccine side effects are very rare. According to the [CDC](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/safety-of-vaccines.html?s_cid=10509:covid%20vaccine%20reactions:sem.ga:p:RG:GM:gen:PTN:FY21), researchers have identified four adverse event types that have occurred. These include: - **[Anaphylaxis](https://www.healthline.com/health/anaphylaxis):** This is a severe and potentially life threatening allergic reaction that can cause breathing problems, hives, and low blood pressure. The CDC reports that Anaphylaxis affects approximately 5 individuals per one million people who receive a dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. - **[Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)](https://www.healthline.com/health/guillain-barre-syndrome):** GBS is a rare side effect that can cause the immune system to attack healthy nerve cells. Symptoms include muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. - **[Myocarditis and pericarditis](https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/myocarditis):** These heart conditions are rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects. Myocarditis occurs when the heart muscle becomes inflamed, and pericarditis occurs when the tissue surrounding the heart swells and becomes inflamed. According to the CDC, though rare, these side effects most often affect young adult males within 7 days of their second mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose. Currently approved mRNA vaccines include Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech. - **[Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS)](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/thrombosis-with-thrombocytopenia-syndrome):** TTS is a very rare side effect, affecting approximately 4 individuals per 1 million Johnson & Johnson Janssen COVID-19 vaccines given. It’s associated with the now-discontinued Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. TTS can cause blood clots or increased blood clotting, which can potentially be life threatening. Once reports of individuals with TTS following the Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine were studied, this vaccine was [removed from the market](https://www.fda.gov/media/169004/download?attachment) in the United States. > As of June 1, 2023, the FDA [changed](https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/coronavirus-covid-19-cber-regulated-biologics/janssen-covid-19-vaccine) the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) granted to the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, limiting authorization. This decision follows an analysis of the safety concerns regarding thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS). The (Johnson & Johnson) Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine is no longer given in the United States. Federal agencies continue to track and investigate both mild and severe side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. Optum Perks is owned by RVO Health. By clicking on this link, we may receive a commission. [Learn more.](https://www.healthline.com/about/brand-and-product-vetting) COVID-19 vaccines are now FDA-approved for people [ages 5 and up](https://www.healthline.com/health/kids-covid-vaccine-side-effects). Here are some of the side effects reported by age. Children [Research suggests](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38031224/) that children who receive the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) have mainly mild and self-limiting side effects, such as discomfort at the injection site. Clinical trials in which researchers tested the vaccines in children also revealed no serious side effects, according to [2021 research](https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2116298). The most common side effects from the study were similar to those of adults. These included pain at the injection site, fatigue, chills, and headache. The most common symptom in children was a mild to moderate fever. Young adults A [2021 study](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2787361) of vaccine side effects published in JAMA found that younger adults were more likely to have adverse side effects than older adults. Another [2021 study](https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056135) found young adults and adolescent males were the most likely to experience myocarditis as a vaccine side effect. The study found that 79% of reported myocarditis events were in men. Older adults A [2024 survey](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24005358) of over 200,000 older adults who had between one and three COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters found that older adults who had COVID-19 vaccination had no increased risk of emergency hospital visits or hospitalization when compared to unvaccinated older adults. The participants reported common symptoms that rarely required medical assessment and resolved. The FDA has approved two COVID-19 vaccine brands in the United States: Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna for [mRNA vaccines](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-does-mrna-vaccine-work) and [Novavax](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/novavax-what-to-know-about-the-latest-covid-19-vaccine) for protein subunit vaccines. The side effects of the two different types of vaccines are very similar. However, if you have a severe allergic reaction after getting a COVID-19 vaccine, the [CDC recommends](https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/covid-19.html) that you avoid getting another dose of the same vaccine type. For example, if you have an allergic reaction to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, avoid the Moderna vaccine (and vice versa) since they work in the same way. > Individuals are [seven times more likely](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9467278/) to experience myocarditis after infection with the virus that causes COVID-19 than after a COVID-19 vaccination. > > The CDC reports [80% of patients](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9555956/) who were diagnosed with myocarditis at least three months before participating in a survey study had fully recovered or likely fully recovered as determined by their cardiologists. Some people will experience mild side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, while others may have none. Your side effects (or lack thereof) don’t mean the vaccine will work better for you than another person. The vaccine can help protect you regardless of your body’s response. If you experience side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, here are some measures that may help: - Apply cold compresses to the injection site. - Drink [plenty of fluids](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-much-water-should-I-drink). - Perform light stretches to [relax your arm](https://www.healthline.com/health/fitness-exercise/arm-stretches) muscles. - Take over-the-counter [pain relievers](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/should-you-take-pain-relievers-after-covid-19-vaccine) like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin (but only for those older than age 18). - Rest and give your body time to recover. Side effects are generally mild and usually resolve within a [few hours to a few days](https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/covid-19-vaccine/) – less than a week. If you experience a significant side effect of the COVID-19 vaccine, report it to the [Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)](https://vaers.hhs.gov/). This resource can also be used to report any new side effects you haven’t heard mentioned before. At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were no readily available protections or treatments for the coronavirus. Since then, [researchers have found](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10247887/) that the COVID-19 vaccinations have been highly effective at reducing the death rate from COVID-19 while finding no indication of increased risk of non-COVID mortality after vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccine has helped protect people against the coronavirus. According to the [CDC](https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#rates-by-vaccine-status), people who are unvaccinated have higher diagnosis and death rates than people who are vaccinated. People who are vaccinated, especially those ages 65 and older, can further reduce their risk by receiving a booster dose. All vaccines have the potential for side effects. However, very few adverse events have been reported for the COVID-19 vaccine, and many worldwide health groups are monitoring side effects closely. Given the recommendations for COVID-19 vaccinations for people at increased risk, you may want to speak with your doctor or a healthcare professional to see if you have any health conditions that put you in the high risk category and if you are recommended to get a COVID-19 vaccination. A healthcare professional can also answer any questions you may have about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines and which one may be best for you.

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