🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 98 (from laksa115)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa098.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/health/psychological-disorders\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/health/psychological-disorders\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/psychological-disorders","crawl_time":1775088374,"first_indexed_time":1679955912,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,healthline!www,\/health\/psychological-disorders s443","src_root_hash":"11478817528691466898","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Psychological Disorders: Types, Symptoms, Treatment","meta_descriptions":["Psychological disorders are also called mental illnesses or mental health conditions. They can affect your thinking, emotions, and behavior."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Psychological disorders, also called mental illnesses, can affect how you think, feel, and behave.\nPsychological disorders are also called mental illnesses or mental health conditions. They can affect your thinking, emotions, and behavior, often affecting your relationships and day-to-day functioning. These conditions may be temporary or lifelong.\nMental health conditions are common. The National Alliance on Mental Illness estimates that\n1 in 5 adults\nin the United States experiences a psychological disorder each year.\nAlthough psychological disorders can be challenging to live with, they can be treated.\nTalk therapy\n, self-care strategies, and medication can all play a role in helping people with psychological disorders function better.\nEverybody feels anxious from time to time, and anxiety is a natural part of life. But people with\nanxiety disorders\nexperience persistent anxiety that often gets in the way of their day-to-day functioning. Often, their anxiety is disproportional to the situation at hand.\nAccording to the\nAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA)\n, anxiety disorders are the most common type of neurodevelopmental condition, affecting nearly\n30%\nof adults at some point in their lives. Although anyone can have an anxiety disorder, they’re more common among women than men.\nCommon types of anxiety disorders include:\ngeneralized anxiety disorder\nillness anxiety disorder\n(previously called hypochondria)\nseparation anxiety disorder\nsocial anxiety disorder\nspecific phobias\npanic disorder\nThe symptoms differ from disorder to disorder, but usually include:\nanxious thoughts or beliefs that are difficult to control\nrestlessness\ntrouble concentrating\nirritability\nTalk therapy is considered the first-line treatment for anxiety disorders. In some cases, medications — for example,\nantidepressants\nor\nbenzodiazepines\n— may also be prescribed.\nMood disorders include:\nDepressive disorders\nsuch as\nmajor depressive disorder\n,\npostpartum depression\n, and\nmajor depressive disorder with seasonal patterns\n, also known as seasonal affective disorder.\nBipolar disorders\nPremenstrual dysphoric disorder\n, which involves severe\npremenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms\n, especially symptoms relating to mood\nThe symptoms can include:\ndepressive symptoms\n, such as persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or apathy\nmania symptoms\n, which occur during manic episodes in bipolar disorder, and include periods of high energy, elation, and restlessness\nMood disorders are primarily treated through talk therapy. They can also be treated with medications — such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers.\nSchizophrenia\n, an often misunderstood condition, affects less than\n1%\nof the U.S. population. It’s a chronic psychiatric disorder that involves distortions of reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations.\nisolating oneself from friends and family\nchanging friends or social groups\na change in focus and concentration\ndifficulty sleeping\nirritability and agitation\ndifficulties with schoolwork, or poor academic performance\nanxiety\nvague suspiciousness\nfeeling different from others\nSymptoms of advanced schizophrenia can include:\nhallucinations\n, which are when someone hears, sees, or feels things that aren’t there\ndelusions, which are intense, false beliefs, such as believing others are\nconspiring to harm them\nPsychosocial intervention, which can include individual therapy, family therapy, and social skills training, may also help.\nPsychosis\nis a symptom of schizophrenia, but people can also have psychosis without schizophrenia. In some cases, it can be a temporary condition where you have\ndelusions and hallucinations\n.\nThe symptoms of psychosis may include:\ndelusions\nhallucinations\ndisorganized behavior, which can seem impulsive or nonsensical to others\ncatatonia\n, which is where someone appears “frozen”\nsudden lack of interest in things that usually matter to them\nan expressionless face or a flat tone of voice, making them appear emotionless\nan ungroomed appearance\nIf someone is having an episode of psychosis where they pose a risk to themself or others, they may undergo rapid tranquilization, which is when they’re injected with a substance that will relax or sedate them.\nAfter an episode of psychosis, you may be prescribed antipsychotic medications to help manage hallucinations and delusions. Individual talk therapy, group therapy, and family therapy may also help.\nThe APA estimates that\n2% to 3%\nof people in the United States have OCD.\nOCD is characterized by:\nobsessions, which are repetitive, unwanted thoughts that won’t go away\ncompulsions, which are behaviors or rituals they feel urged to do in order to relieve the obsessive thought\nOCD can be treated and managed with talk therapy. A type of therapy called\nexposure and response prevention\nis considered the gold standard for treating OCD, but other kinds of therapy may also be used.\nIn some cases, medications may be prescribed to assist with OCD symptoms.\nThe symptoms of PTSD can include:\navoiding people or things that remind you of the event\ndepression\ndifficulty thinking about the events\ndifficulty remembering parts of the events\ndistorted feelings of guilt, worry, or blame\nfeeling anxious or “on edge”\nflashbacks\nirritability and anger\nnightmares\npanic attacks\nreduced interest in activities you once enjoyed\nstartling easily\nPTSD is often treated through talk therapy, especially\ncognitive behavioral therapy\nor exposure therapy. In some cases, group therapy can be helpful.\nA mental health professional may also prescribe antidepressants,\nanti-anxiety drugs\n, or sleep medication to assist with the symptoms of PTSD.\nPeople with\npersonality disorders\nmay have a way of thinking, feeling, and behaving that deviates from the expectations of the culture in such a way that it causes distress and makes it difficult for them to function healthily.\nIn order to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, you have to have long-term patterns of behavior and inner experiences that affect at least two of the following:\nhow you think about yourself and others\nhow you respond emotionally\nhow you relate to other people\nhow you control your behavior\nThe 10 personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR) are:\nantisocial personality disorder\navoidant personality disorder\nborderline personality disorder\ndependent personality disorder\nhistrionic personality disorder\nnarcissistic personality disorder\nobsessive-compulsive personality disorder\nparanoid personality disorder\nschizoid personality disorder\nschizotypal personality disorder\nPersonality disorders are usually treated with talk therapy and, when necessary, medication. Certain medications can help improve the symptoms of personality disorders, such as low mood, anxiety, or impulsivity.\nEating disorders affect your behaviors and thoughts around eating and food. According to the APA, eating disorders may affect up to\n5%\nof the U.S. population.\navoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder\n, which can involve extreme picky eating to the point of being unable to meet your nutritional needs\nanorexia nervosa\n, which may be further categorized into a restricting type or a binge eating\/purging type\nbulimia nervosa\n, which involves alternating dieting with binge eating\nbinge eating disorder\n, which includes episodes of binge eating and, later, a sense of guilt and distress about the binge behavior\npica\n, which involves eating things that aren’t food with no nutritional value for at least a month\nrumination disorder\n, which involves repeatedly regurgitating swallowed food and either re-chewing and re-swallowing food or spitting it out\nother specified feeding and eating disorder, a diagnostic category that includes eating disorders that don’t fit the diagnostic criteria for the disorders mentioned above\nTreatment for eating disorders may include talk therapy, which can include individual, family, or group therapy. In some cases, medications can be used to help with accompanying symptoms.\nNutritional counseling can help people with eating disorders learn healthy nutrition and eating habits.\nSubstance use disorders are treatable. Usually, the first step is detoxification, which involves stopping (or gradually stopping) your use of the substance. During this phase, the withdrawal symptoms are treated.\nFurther treatments, such as individual and group counseling, can help encourage long-term abstinence from the substance.\nMedications can also help with recovery — for example, if you experience\nheroin addiction\n, a clinician may prescribe a medication called\nmethadone\nor buprenorphine\/naloxone (\nSuboxone\n) to help soothe withdrawal symptoms.\nTreatment for substance use disorder can be provided in outpatient facilities or inpatient residential recovery programs (such as a rehabilitation program).\nIf you have a psychological disorder, know that you’re not alone. Psychological disorders can be challenging to live with, but they can be treated. Consulting with a doctor or\ntherapist\ncan be a great first step.\nOur list of\nMental Health Resources\nincludes guidance on finding therapy as well as lower-cost and free support services. You don’t need to be diagnosed with a psychological disorder in order\nto benefit from therapy\n.\nSian Ferguson is a freelance health and cannabis writer based in Cape Town, South Africa. She’s passionate about empowering readers to take care of their mental and physical health through science-based, empathetically delivered information.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  Health Conditions\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n  \n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer Care](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/cancer-care)\n  - [Caregiving for Alzheimer's Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/alzheimers-disease)\n  - [Chronic Kidney Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/ckd)\n  - [Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/copd)\n  - [Digestive Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/digestive-health)\n  - [Eye Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/eye-health)\n  - [Heart Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/heart-health)\n  - [Menopause](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/menopause)\n  - [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health)\n  - [Migraine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/migraine)\n  - 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[Through an Artist's Eye](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/breast-cancer\/metastatic-breast-cancer-artist-eye)\n  - [Future of Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/video\/future-of-health)\n- Connect\n  Find Your Bezzy Community\n  \n  Bezzy communities provide meaningful connections with others living with chronic conditions. Join Bezzy on the web or mobile app.\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.bezzy.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=nav-bar-connections)\n  \n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bezzy-Inflammatory-Bowel-Disease.png) Inflammatory Bowel Disease](https:\/\/www.bezzyibd.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bezzy-Multiple-Sclerosis.png) Multiple Sclerosis](https:\/\/www.bezzyms.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Bezzy-DEP-Icon-Circle.png) Depression](https:\/\/www.bezzydepression.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Bezzy-MIG-Icon-Circle.png) Migraine](https:\/\/www.bezzymigraine.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Bezzy-T2D-Icon-Circle.png) Type 2 Diabetes](https:\/\/www.bezzyt2d.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Bezzy-PsO.png) Psoriasis](https:\/\/www.bezzypsoriasis.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  \n  Follow us on social media\n  \n  Can't get enough? Connect with us for all things health.\n\nSubscribe\n\n[Mental Well-Being](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health)\n\n- [Better Sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/sleep)\n- [Nutrition & Supplements](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/nutrition-supplements)\n- [Building Relationships](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/building-relationships)\n- [Emotional Well-Being](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/mind-and-body)\n- [Navigating Therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/treatment)\n- [Crisis Support](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/crisis-support)\n- [ADHD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/adhd)\n- [Bipolar Disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/bipolar)\n- [Eating Disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/eating-disorders)\n- [OCD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/ocd)\n- [Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/schizophrenia)\n- [Addiction](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/addiction)\n- [Services & Reviews](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/reviews\/mental-health-services-and-products)\n- [Apps](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health\/apps)\n\n# Understanding Psychological Disorders\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Ericka-Goodwin-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Ericka Goodwin, MD, DFAPA]() — Written by [Sian Ferguson]()  on March 27, 2023\n\n- [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/psychological-disorders#anxiety)\n- [Mood](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/psychological-disorders#mood)\n- [Psychoses](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/psychological-disorders#psychoses)\n- [Stress](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/psychological-disorders#stress)\n- [Personality](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/psychological-disorders#personality)\n- [Sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/psychological-disorders#sleep)\n- [Eating](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/psychological-disorders#eating)\n- [Substance](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/psychological-disorders#substance)\n\nPsychological disorders, also called mental illnesses, can affect how you think, feel, and behave.\n\nPsychological disorders are also called mental illnesses or mental health conditions. They can affect your thinking, emotions, and behavior, often affecting your relationships and day-to-day functioning. These conditions may be temporary or lifelong.\n\nMental health conditions are common. The National Alliance on Mental Illness estimates that [1 in 5 adults](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Mental-Health-Conditions) in the United States experiences a psychological disorder each year.\n\nAlthough psychological disorders can be challenging to live with, they can be treated. [Talk therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/talk-therapy), self-care strategies, and medication can all play a role in helping people with psychological disorders function better.\n\n## [Anxiety disorders]()\nEverybody feels anxious from time to time, and anxiety is a natural part of life. But people with [anxiety disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety) experience persistent anxiety that often gets in the way of their day-to-day functioning. Often, their anxiety is disproportional to the situation at hand.\n\nAccording to the [American Psychiatric Association (APA)](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/anxiety-disorders\/what-are-anxiety-disorders), anxiety disorders are the most common type of neurodevelopmental condition, affecting nearly [30%](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/anxiety-disorders\/what-are-anxiety-disorders) of adults at some point in their lives. Although anyone can have an anxiety disorder, they’re more common among women than men.\n\nCommon types of anxiety disorders include:\n\n- [generalized anxiety disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/generalized-anxiety-disorder)\n- [illness anxiety disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/health-anxiety) (previously called hypochondria)\n- [separation anxiety disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/separation-anxiety)\n- [social anxiety disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/social-phobia)\n- [specific phobias](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/phobia-simple-specific)\n- [panic disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/panic-disorder)\n\nThe symptoms differ from disorder to disorder, but usually include:\n\n- anxious thoughts or beliefs that are difficult to control\n- restlessness\n- trouble concentrating\n- irritability\n\nTalk therapy is considered the first-line treatment for anxiety disorders. In some cases, medications — for example, [antidepressants](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/medication-list) or [benzodiazepines](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bipolar-disorder\/benzodiazepines) — may also be prescribed.\n\nLifestyle changes, such as maintaining a routine and engaging in [healthy stress-relief methods](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/natural-ways-to-reduce-anxiety), may also help.\n\n## [Depressive, bipolar, and other mood disorders]()\nMood disorders include:\n\n- [Depressive disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression) such as [major depressive disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/clinical-depression), [postpartum depression](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/postpartum-depression), and [major depressive disorder with seasonal patterns](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/seasonal-affective-disorder), also known as seasonal affective disorder.\n- [Bipolar disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bipolar-disorder)\n- [Premenstrual dysphoric disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pmdd), which involves severe [premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/premenstrual-syndrome), especially symptoms relating to mood\n\nThe symptoms can include:\n\n- [depressive symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/recognizing-symptoms), such as persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or apathy\n- [mania symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mania), which occur during manic episodes in bipolar disorder, and include periods of high energy, elation, and restlessness\n\nMood disorders are primarily treated through talk therapy. They can also be treated with medications — such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers.\n\nAlternative therapies such as [electroconvulsive therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/electroconvulsive-therapy), [light therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sun-lamp), and [psychedelic-assisted therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/psychedelic-therapy) may also help.\n\n## [Schizophrenia and other psychoses]()\n[Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/schizophrenia), an often misunderstood condition, affects less than [1%](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/schizophrenia\/what-is-schizophrenia) of the U.S. population. It’s a chronic psychiatric disorder that involves distortions of reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations.\n\nThe early [symptoms of schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/schizophrenia\/symptoms) can include:\n\n- isolating oneself from friends and family\n- changing friends or social groups\n- a change in focus and concentration\n- difficulty sleeping\n- irritability and agitation\n- difficulties with schoolwork, or poor academic performance\n- anxiety\n- vague suspiciousness\n- feeling different from others\n\nSymptoms of advanced schizophrenia can include:\n\n- [hallucinations](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hallucinations), which are when someone hears, sees, or feels things that aren’t there\n- delusions, which are intense, false beliefs, such as believing others are [conspiring to harm them](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/persecutory-delusions)\n\nAlthough there’s no cure for schizophrenia, it can be treated. [Antipsychotic medication](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mood-stabilizers-list) is the most common [treatment for schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/schizophrenia-treatment). It can help manage hallucinations and delusions.\n\nPsychosocial intervention, which can include individual therapy, family therapy, and social skills training, may also help.\n\n[Psychosis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/psychosis) is a symptom of schizophrenia, but people can also have psychosis without schizophrenia. In some cases, it can be a temporary condition where you have [delusions and hallucinations](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/hallucinations-vs-delusions).\n\nThe symptoms of psychosis may include:\n\n- delusions\n- hallucinations\n- disorganized behavior, which can seem impulsive or nonsensical to others\n- [catatonia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/catatonic-depression), which is where someone appears “frozen”\n- sudden lack of interest in things that usually matter to them\n- an expressionless face or a flat tone of voice, making them appear emotionless\n- an ungroomed appearance\n\nIf someone is having an episode of psychosis where they pose a risk to themself or others, they may undergo rapid tranquilization, which is when they’re injected with a substance that will relax or sedate them.\n\nAfter an episode of psychosis, you may be prescribed antipsychotic medications to help manage hallucinations and delusions. Individual talk therapy, group therapy, and family therapy may also help.\n\n## [Trauma- and stress-related disorders]()\nThe two common trauma- and stress-related disorders are [obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/ocd\/social-signs) and [post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/post-traumatic-stress-disorder).\n\nThe APA estimates that [2% to 3%](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/ocd\/what-is-obsessive-compulsive-disorder) of people in the United States have OCD.\n\nOCD is characterized by:\n\n- obsessions, which are repetitive, unwanted thoughts that won’t go away\n- compulsions, which are behaviors or rituals they feel urged to do in order to relieve the obsessive thought\n\nOCD can be treated and managed with talk therapy. A type of therapy called [exposure and response prevention](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/exposure-therapy-for-anxiety) is considered the gold standard for treating OCD, but other kinds of therapy may also be used.\n\nIn some cases, medications may be prescribed to assist with OCD symptoms.\n\nThe symptoms of PTSD can include:\n\n- avoiding people or things that remind you of the event\n- depression\n- difficulty thinking about the events\n- difficulty remembering parts of the events\n- distorted feelings of guilt, worry, or blame\n- feeling anxious or “on edge”\n- flashbacks\n- irritability and anger\n- nightmares\n- [panic attacks](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/panic-attack-vs-anxiety-attack)\n- reduced interest in activities you once enjoyed\n- startling easily\n\nPTSD is often treated through talk therapy, especially [cognitive behavioral therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/cognitive-behavioral-therapy) or exposure therapy. In some cases, group therapy can be helpful.\n\nA mental health professional may also prescribe antidepressants, [anti-anxiety drugs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiolytics), or sleep medication to assist with the symptoms of PTSD.\n\n## [Personality disorders]()\nPeople with [personality disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/personality-disorders) may have a way of thinking, feeling, and behaving that deviates from the expectations of the culture in such a way that it causes distress and makes it difficult for them to function healthily.\n\nIn order to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, you have to have long-term patterns of behavior and inner experiences that affect at least two of the following:\n\n- how you think about yourself and others\n- how you respond emotionally\n- how you relate to other people\n- how you control your behavior\n\nThe 10 personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR) are:\n\n- [antisocial personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antisocial-personality-disorder)\n- [avoidant personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/avoidant-personality-disorder)\n- [borderline personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/borderline-personality-disorder)\n- [dependent personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/dependent-personality-disorder)\n- [histrionic personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/histrionic-personality-disorder)\n- [narcissistic personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/narcissistic-personality-disorder)\n- [obsessive-compulsive personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/obsessive-compulsive-personality-disorder)\n- [paranoid personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/paranoid-personality-disorder)\n- [schizoid personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/schizoid-personality-disorder)\n- [schizotypal personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/schizotypal-personality-disorder)\n\nPersonality disorders are usually treated with talk therapy and, when necessary, medication. Certain medications can help improve the symptoms of personality disorders, such as low mood, anxiety, or impulsivity.\n\n## [Sleep disorders]()\nSleep disorders can affect your sleep pattern, which means you may sleep significantly more or significantly less than typical.\n\nCertain sleep disorders involve unusual behavior while asleep, such as [sleepwalking](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/sleepwalking).\n\nTypes of sleep disorders include:\n\n- [circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/circadian-rhythm-sleep-disorder)\n- [hypersomnolence disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hypersomnia)\n- [insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia)\n- [narcolepsy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/narcolepsy)\n- [nightmare disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/nightmares)\n- non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal, which includes sleepwalking and night terrors\n- [parasomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/parasomnia)\n- [rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/rem-sleep-disorder)\n- [restless legs syndrome](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/restless-leg-syndrome)\n- [sleep apnea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/signs-of-sleep-apnea)\n\nSleep disorders may be treated with:\n\n- proper sleep habits\n- relaxation techniques\n- medications, such as sleep aids\n- talk therapy\n\nOften, a general practitioner can be your first point of contact when getting help for a sleep disorder. In some cases, you may also benefit from speaking with a [sleep specialist](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/how-to-choose-a-sleep-specialist), psychiatrist, or therapist.\n\n## [Eating disorders]()\nEating disorders affect your behaviors and thoughts around eating and food. According to the APA, eating disorders may affect up to [5%](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/eating-disorders\/what-are-eating-disorders) of the U.S. population.\n\nCommon [types of eating disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/common-eating-disorders) include:\n\n- [avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/feeding-disorder-of-infancy-and-early-childhood), which can involve extreme picky eating to the point of being unable to meet your nutritional needs\n- [anorexia nervosa](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anorexia-nervosa), which may be further categorized into a restricting type or a binge eating\/purging type\n- [bulimia nervosa](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bulimia-nervosa), which involves alternating dieting with binge eating\n- [binge eating disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/binge-eating-disorder), which includes episodes of binge eating and, later, a sense of guilt and distress about the binge behavior\n- [pica](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pica), which involves eating things that aren’t food with no nutritional value for at least a month\n- [rumination disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/rumination-disorder), which involves repeatedly regurgitating swallowed food and either re-chewing and re-swallowing food or spitting it out\n- other specified feeding and eating disorder, a diagnostic category that includes eating disorders that don’t fit the diagnostic criteria for the disorders mentioned above\n\nTreatment for eating disorders may include talk therapy, which can include individual, family, or group therapy. In some cases, medications can be used to help with accompanying symptoms.\n\nNutritional counseling can help people with eating disorders learn healthy nutrition and eating habits.\n\n## [Substance use disorders]()\n[Substance use disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drug-abuse) involve the compulsive use of substances. These substances may be legal or illegal. The APA categorizes [substance use disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/addiction) as a brain disease.\n\nSubstance use disorders are treatable. Usually, the first step is detoxification, which involves stopping (or gradually stopping) your use of the substance. During this phase, the withdrawal symptoms are treated.\n\nFurther treatments, such as individual and group counseling, can help encourage long-term abstinence from the substance.\n\nMedications can also help with recovery — for example, if you experience [heroin addiction](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/heroin-addiction), a clinician may prescribe a medication called [methadone](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/methadone-oral-tablet) or buprenorphine\/naloxone ([Suboxone](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325827.php)) to help soothe withdrawal symptoms.\n\nTreatment for substance use disorder can be provided in outpatient facilities or inpatient residential recovery programs (such as a rehabilitation program).\n\n## [Where can you learn more and find support?]()\nIf you have a psychological disorder, know that you’re not alone. Psychological disorders can be challenging to live with, but they can be treated. Consulting with a doctor or [therapist](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/therapy-for-every-budget) can be a great first step.\n\nOur list of [Mental Health Resources](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health-resources) includes guidance on finding therapy as well as lower-cost and free support services. You don’t need to be diagnosed with a psychological disorder in order [to benefit from therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/reasons-for-therapy).\n***\n*Sian Ferguson is a freelance health and cannabis writer based in Cape Town, South Africa. She’s passionate about empowering readers to take care of their mental and physical health through science-based, empathetically delivered information.*\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nHistory\n\nHealthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/process).\n\n- Alcohol and drug abuse. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.aacap.org\/AACAP\/Families_and_Youth\/Glossary_of_Symptoms_and_Illnesses\/Alcohol_and_Drug_Abuse.aspx>\n- Anxiety disorders. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/anxiety-disorders>\n- Depression. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/depression>\n- Eating disorders. (2023).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/eating-disorders>\n- Mental disorders. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/mental-disorders>\n- Mental health conditions. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Mental-Health-Conditions>\n- Mood disorders. (n.d).  \n  <https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/mood-disorders>\n- Schizophrenia. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/schizophrenia>\n- Sekhon S, et al. (2022). Mood disorder.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK558911\/>\n- Understanding psychosis. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/understanding-psychosis>\n- What are anxiety disorders? (2021).  \n  <https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/anxiety-disorders\/what-are-anxiety-disorders>\n- What are bipolar disorders? (2021).  \n  <https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/bipolar-disorders\/what-are-bipolar-disorders>\n- What are eating disorders? (2023).  \n  <https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/eating-disorders\/what-are-eating-disorders>\n- What are personality disorders? (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/personality-disorders\/what-are-personality-disorders>\n- What are sleep disorders? (2020).  \n  <https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/sleep-disorders\/what-are-sleep-disorders>\n- What is a substance use disorder? (2020).  \n  <https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/addiction-substance-use-disorders\/what-is-a-substance-use-disorder>\n- What is depression? (2020).  \n  <https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/depression\/what-is-depression>\n- What is obsessive-compulsive disorder? (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/ocd\/what-is-obsessive-compulsive-disorder>\n- What is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/ptsd\/what-is-ptsd>\n- What is schizophrenia? (2020).  \n  <https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/schizophrenia\/what-is-schizophrenia>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Ericka-Goodwin-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Ericka Goodwin, MD, DFAPA]() — Written by [Sian Ferguson]()  on March 27, 2023\n\n## related stories\n- [How To Choose a Counselor vs. Therapist](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/counselor-vs-therapist?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Potential Benefits of Boredom](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/benefits-of-boredom?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [From Our Community: Microhabits That Improve Mental Health in Under 5 Minutes](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/microhabits-that-improve-mental-health-in-under-5-minutes-a-day?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [2 to 3 Cups of Coffee Daily May Help Lower Stress, Improve Mental Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/daily-coffee-may-lower-stress-improve-mental-health?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What Is AI Psychosis and Can You Prevent It?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/ai-psychosis?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n### Read this next\n- [How To Choose a Counselor vs. Therapist](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/counselor-vs-therapist?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Danielle Wade, LCSW](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [What's the difference between a counselor vs. therapist? Learn the key differences so you know who to choose for your mental health needs.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/counselor-vs-therapist?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/counselor-vs-therapist?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Potential Benefits of Boredom](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/benefits-of-boredom?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Nicole Washington, DO, MPH](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Boredom is a universal feeling. 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Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/contact-us)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/privacy-policy)\n- Privacy Settings\n- [Advertising Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/advertising-policy)\n- [Health Topics](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n\n- [Sitemap](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sitemap)\n- [Medical Affairs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n- [Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n- [Newsletters](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup)\n- © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Psychological disorders, also called mental illnesses, can affect how you think, feel, and behave.\n\nPsychological disorders are also called mental illnesses or mental health conditions. They can affect your thinking, emotions, and behavior, often affecting your relationships and day-to-day functioning. These conditions may be temporary or lifelong.\n\nMental health conditions are common. The National Alliance on Mental Illness estimates that [1 in 5 adults](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Mental-Health-Conditions) in the United States experiences a psychological disorder each year.\n\nAlthough psychological disorders can be challenging to live with, they can be treated. [Talk therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/talk-therapy), self-care strategies, and medication can all play a role in helping people with psychological disorders function better.\n\nEverybody feels anxious from time to time, and anxiety is a natural part of life. But people with [anxiety disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety) experience persistent anxiety that often gets in the way of their day-to-day functioning. Often, their anxiety is disproportional to the situation at hand.\n\nAccording to the [American Psychiatric Association (APA)](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/anxiety-disorders\/what-are-anxiety-disorders), anxiety disorders are the most common type of neurodevelopmental condition, affecting nearly [30%](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/anxiety-disorders\/what-are-anxiety-disorders) of adults at some point in their lives. Although anyone can have an anxiety disorder, they’re more common among women than men.\n\nCommon types of anxiety disorders include:\n\n- [generalized anxiety disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/generalized-anxiety-disorder)\n- [illness anxiety disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/health-anxiety) (previously called hypochondria)\n- [separation anxiety disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/separation-anxiety)\n- [social anxiety disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/social-phobia)\n- [specific phobias](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/phobia-simple-specific)\n- [panic disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/panic-disorder)\n\nThe symptoms differ from disorder to disorder, but usually include:\n\n- anxious thoughts or beliefs that are difficult to control\n- restlessness\n- trouble concentrating\n- irritability\n\nTalk therapy is considered the first-line treatment for anxiety disorders. In some cases, medications — for example, [antidepressants](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/medication-list) or [benzodiazepines](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bipolar-disorder\/benzodiazepines) — may also be prescribed.\n\nMood disorders include:\n\n- [Depressive disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression) such as [major depressive disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/clinical-depression), [postpartum depression](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/postpartum-depression), and [major depressive disorder with seasonal patterns](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/seasonal-affective-disorder), also known as seasonal affective disorder.\n- [Bipolar disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bipolar-disorder)\n- [Premenstrual dysphoric disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pmdd), which involves severe [premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/premenstrual-syndrome), especially symptoms relating to mood\n\nThe symptoms can include:\n\n- [depressive symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/recognizing-symptoms), such as persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or apathy\n- [mania symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mania), which occur during manic episodes in bipolar disorder, and include periods of high energy, elation, and restlessness\n\nMood disorders are primarily treated through talk therapy. They can also be treated with medications — such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers.\n\n[Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/schizophrenia), an often misunderstood condition, affects less than [1%](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/schizophrenia\/what-is-schizophrenia) of the U.S. population. It’s a chronic psychiatric disorder that involves distortions of reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations.\n\n- isolating oneself from friends and family\n- changing friends or social groups\n- a change in focus and concentration\n- difficulty sleeping\n- irritability and agitation\n- difficulties with schoolwork, or poor academic performance\n- anxiety\n- vague suspiciousness\n- feeling different from others\n\nSymptoms of advanced schizophrenia can include:\n\n- [hallucinations](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hallucinations), which are when someone hears, sees, or feels things that aren’t there\n- delusions, which are intense, false beliefs, such as believing others are [conspiring to harm them](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/persecutory-delusions)\n\nPsychosocial intervention, which can include individual therapy, family therapy, and social skills training, may also help.\n\n[Psychosis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/psychosis) is a symptom of schizophrenia, but people can also have psychosis without schizophrenia. In some cases, it can be a temporary condition where you have [delusions and hallucinations](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/hallucinations-vs-delusions).\n\nThe symptoms of psychosis may include:\n\n- delusions\n- hallucinations\n- disorganized behavior, which can seem impulsive or nonsensical to others\n- [catatonia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/catatonic-depression), which is where someone appears “frozen”\n- sudden lack of interest in things that usually matter to them\n- an expressionless face or a flat tone of voice, making them appear emotionless\n- an ungroomed appearance\n\nIf someone is having an episode of psychosis where they pose a risk to themself or others, they may undergo rapid tranquilization, which is when they’re injected with a substance that will relax or sedate them.\n\nAfter an episode of psychosis, you may be prescribed antipsychotic medications to help manage hallucinations and delusions. Individual talk therapy, group therapy, and family therapy may also help.\n\nThe APA estimates that [2% to 3%](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/ocd\/what-is-obsessive-compulsive-disorder) of people in the United States have OCD.\n\nOCD is characterized by:\n\n- obsessions, which are repetitive, unwanted thoughts that won’t go away\n- compulsions, which are behaviors or rituals they feel urged to do in order to relieve the obsessive thought\n\nOCD can be treated and managed with talk therapy. A type of therapy called [exposure and response prevention](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety\/exposure-therapy-for-anxiety) is considered the gold standard for treating OCD, but other kinds of therapy may also be used.\n\nIn some cases, medications may be prescribed to assist with OCD symptoms.\n\nThe symptoms of PTSD can include:\n\n- avoiding people or things that remind you of the event\n- depression\n- difficulty thinking about the events\n- difficulty remembering parts of the events\n- distorted feelings of guilt, worry, or blame\n- feeling anxious or “on edge”\n- flashbacks\n- irritability and anger\n- nightmares\n- [panic attacks](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/panic-attack-vs-anxiety-attack)\n- reduced interest in activities you once enjoyed\n- startling easily\n\nPTSD is often treated through talk therapy, especially [cognitive behavioral therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/cognitive-behavioral-therapy) or exposure therapy. In some cases, group therapy can be helpful.\n\nA mental health professional may also prescribe antidepressants, [anti-anxiety drugs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiolytics), or sleep medication to assist with the symptoms of PTSD.\n\nPeople with [personality disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/personality-disorders) may have a way of thinking, feeling, and behaving that deviates from the expectations of the culture in such a way that it causes distress and makes it difficult for them to function healthily.\n\nIn order to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, you have to have long-term patterns of behavior and inner experiences that affect at least two of the following:\n\n- how you think about yourself and others\n- how you respond emotionally\n- how you relate to other people\n- how you control your behavior\n\nThe 10 personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR) are:\n\n- [antisocial personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antisocial-personality-disorder)\n- [avoidant personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/avoidant-personality-disorder)\n- [borderline personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/borderline-personality-disorder)\n- [dependent personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/dependent-personality-disorder)\n- [histrionic personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/histrionic-personality-disorder)\n- [narcissistic personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/narcissistic-personality-disorder)\n- [obsessive-compulsive personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/obsessive-compulsive-personality-disorder)\n- [paranoid personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/paranoid-personality-disorder)\n- [schizoid personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/schizoid-personality-disorder)\n- [schizotypal personality disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/schizotypal-personality-disorder)\n\nPersonality disorders are usually treated with talk therapy and, when necessary, medication. Certain medications can help improve the symptoms of personality disorders, such as low mood, anxiety, or impulsivity.\n\nEating disorders affect your behaviors and thoughts around eating and food. According to the APA, eating disorders may affect up to [5%](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/eating-disorders\/what-are-eating-disorders) of the U.S. population.\n\n- [avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/feeding-disorder-of-infancy-and-early-childhood), which can involve extreme picky eating to the point of being unable to meet your nutritional needs\n- [anorexia nervosa](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anorexia-nervosa), which may be further categorized into a restricting type or a binge eating\/purging type\n- [bulimia nervosa](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bulimia-nervosa), which involves alternating dieting with binge eating\n- [binge eating disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/binge-eating-disorder), which includes episodes of binge eating and, later, a sense of guilt and distress about the binge behavior\n- [pica](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pica), which involves eating things that aren’t food with no nutritional value for at least a month\n- [rumination disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/rumination-disorder), which involves repeatedly regurgitating swallowed food and either re-chewing and re-swallowing food or spitting it out\n- other specified feeding and eating disorder, a diagnostic category that includes eating disorders that don’t fit the diagnostic criteria for the disorders mentioned above\n\nTreatment for eating disorders may include talk therapy, which can include individual, family, or group therapy. In some cases, medications can be used to help with accompanying symptoms.\n\nNutritional counseling can help people with eating disorders learn healthy nutrition and eating habits.\n\nSubstance use disorders are treatable. Usually, the first step is detoxification, which involves stopping (or gradually stopping) your use of the substance. During this phase, the withdrawal symptoms are treated.\n\nFurther treatments, such as individual and group counseling, can help encourage long-term abstinence from the substance.\n\nMedications can also help with recovery — for example, if you experience [heroin addiction](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/heroin-addiction), a clinician may prescribe a medication called [methadone](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/methadone-oral-tablet) or buprenorphine\/naloxone ([Suboxone](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/325827.php)) to help soothe withdrawal symptoms.\n\nTreatment for substance use disorder can be provided in outpatient facilities or inpatient residential recovery programs (such as a rehabilitation program).\n\nIf you have a psychological disorder, know that you’re not alone. Psychological disorders can be challenging to live with, but they can be treated. Consulting with a doctor or [therapist](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/therapy-for-every-budget) can be a great first step.\n\nOur list of [Mental Health Resources](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health-resources) includes guidance on finding therapy as well as lower-cost and free support services. You don’t need to be diagnosed with a psychological disorder in order [to benefit from therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/reasons-for-therapy).\n\n*Sian Ferguson is a freelance health and cannabis writer based in Cape Town, South Africa. She’s passionate about empowering readers to take care of their mental and physical health through science-based, empathetically delivered information.*","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Psychological Disorders: Types, Symptoms, Treatment
Meta Description	Psychological disorders are also called mental illnesses or mental health conditions. They can affect your thinking, emotions, and behavior.
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Boilerpipe Text	Psychological disorders, also called mental illnesses, can affect how you think, feel, and behave. Psychological disorders are also called mental illnesses or mental health conditions. They can affect your thinking, emotions, and behavior, often affecting your relationships and day-to-day functioning. These conditions may be temporary or lifelong. Mental health conditions are common. The National Alliance on Mental Illness estimates that 1 in 5 adults in the United States experiences a psychological disorder each year. Although psychological disorders can be challenging to live with, they can be treated. Talk therapy , self-care strategies, and medication can all play a role in helping people with psychological disorders function better. Everybody feels anxious from time to time, and anxiety is a natural part of life. But people with anxiety disorders experience persistent anxiety that often gets in the way of their day-to-day functioning. Often, their anxiety is disproportional to the situation at hand. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) , anxiety disorders are the most common type of neurodevelopmental condition, affecting nearly 30% of adults at some point in their lives. Although anyone can have an anxiety disorder, they’re more common among women than men. Common types of anxiety disorders include: generalized anxiety disorder illness anxiety disorder (previously called hypochondria) separation anxiety disorder social anxiety disorder specific phobias panic disorder The symptoms differ from disorder to disorder, but usually include: anxious thoughts or beliefs that are difficult to control restlessness trouble concentrating irritability Talk therapy is considered the first-line treatment for anxiety disorders. In some cases, medications — for example, antidepressants or benzodiazepines — may also be prescribed. Mood disorders include: Depressive disorders such as major depressive disorder , postpartum depression , and major depressive disorder with seasonal patterns , also known as seasonal affective disorder. Bipolar disorders Premenstrual dysphoric disorder , which involves severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms , especially symptoms relating to mood The symptoms can include: depressive symptoms , such as persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or apathy mania symptoms , which occur during manic episodes in bipolar disorder, and include periods of high energy, elation, and restlessness Mood disorders are primarily treated through talk therapy. They can also be treated with medications — such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers. Schizophrenia , an often misunderstood condition, affects less than 1% of the U.S. population. It’s a chronic psychiatric disorder that involves distortions of reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations. isolating oneself from friends and family changing friends or social groups a change in focus and concentration difficulty sleeping irritability and agitation difficulties with schoolwork, or poor academic performance anxiety vague suspiciousness feeling different from others Symptoms of advanced schizophrenia can include: hallucinations , which are when someone hears, sees, or feels things that aren’t there delusions, which are intense, false beliefs, such as believing others are conspiring to harm them Psychosocial intervention, which can include individual therapy, family therapy, and social skills training, may also help. Psychosis is a symptom of schizophrenia, but people can also have psychosis without schizophrenia. In some cases, it can be a temporary condition where you have delusions and hallucinations . The symptoms of psychosis may include: delusions hallucinations disorganized behavior, which can seem impulsive or nonsensical to others catatonia , which is where someone appears “frozen” sudden lack of interest in things that usually matter to them an expressionless face or a flat tone of voice, making them appear emotionless an ungroomed appearance If someone is having an episode of psychosis where they pose a risk to themself or others, they may undergo rapid tranquilization, which is when they’re injected with a substance that will relax or sedate them. After an episode of psychosis, you may be prescribed antipsychotic medications to help manage hallucinations and delusions. Individual talk therapy, group therapy, and family therapy may also help. The APA estimates that 2% to 3% of people in the United States have OCD. OCD is characterized by: obsessions, which are repetitive, unwanted thoughts that won’t go away compulsions, which are behaviors or rituals they feel urged to do in order to relieve the obsessive thought OCD can be treated and managed with talk therapy. A type of therapy called exposure and response prevention is considered the gold standard for treating OCD, but other kinds of therapy may also be used. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to assist with OCD symptoms. The symptoms of PTSD can include: avoiding people or things that remind you of the event depression difficulty thinking about the events difficulty remembering parts of the events distorted feelings of guilt, worry, or blame feeling anxious or “on edge” flashbacks irritability and anger nightmares panic attacks reduced interest in activities you once enjoyed startling easily PTSD is often treated through talk therapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy or exposure therapy. In some cases, group therapy can be helpful. A mental health professional may also prescribe antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs , or sleep medication to assist with the symptoms of PTSD. People with personality disorders may have a way of thinking, feeling, and behaving that deviates from the expectations of the culture in such a way that it causes distress and makes it difficult for them to function healthily. In order to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, you have to have long-term patterns of behavior and inner experiences that affect at least two of the following: how you think about yourself and others how you respond emotionally how you relate to other people how you control your behavior The 10 personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR) are: antisocial personality disorder avoidant personality disorder borderline personality disorder dependent personality disorder histrionic personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder obsessive-compulsive personality disorder paranoid personality disorder schizoid personality disorder schizotypal personality disorder Personality disorders are usually treated with talk therapy and, when necessary, medication. Certain medications can help improve the symptoms of personality disorders, such as low mood, anxiety, or impulsivity. Eating disorders affect your behaviors and thoughts around eating and food. According to the APA, eating disorders may affect up to 5% of the U.S. population. avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder , which can involve extreme picky eating to the point of being unable to meet your nutritional needs anorexia nervosa , which may be further categorized into a restricting type or a binge eating/purging type bulimia nervosa , which involves alternating dieting with binge eating binge eating disorder , which includes episodes of binge eating and, later, a sense of guilt and distress about the binge behavior pica , which involves eating things that aren’t food with no nutritional value for at least a month rumination disorder , which involves repeatedly regurgitating swallowed food and either re-chewing and re-swallowing food or spitting it out other specified feeding and eating disorder, a diagnostic category that includes eating disorders that don’t fit the diagnostic criteria for the disorders mentioned above Treatment for eating disorders may include talk therapy, which can include individual, family, or group therapy. In some cases, medications can be used to help with accompanying symptoms. Nutritional counseling can help people with eating disorders learn healthy nutrition and eating habits. Substance use disorders are treatable. Usually, the first step is detoxification, which involves stopping (or gradually stopping) your use of the substance. During this phase, the withdrawal symptoms are treated. Further treatments, such as individual and group counseling, can help encourage long-term abstinence from the substance. Medications can also help with recovery — for example, if you experience heroin addiction , a clinician may prescribe a medication called methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone ( Suboxone ) to help soothe withdrawal symptoms. Treatment for substance use disorder can be provided in outpatient facilities or inpatient residential recovery programs (such as a rehabilitation program). If you have a psychological disorder, know that you’re not alone. Psychological disorders can be challenging to live with, but they can be treated. Consulting with a doctor or therapist can be a great first step. Our list of Mental Health Resources includes guidance on finding therapy as well as lower-cost and free support services. You don’t need to be diagnosed with a psychological disorder in order to benefit from therapy . Sian Ferguson is a freelance health and cannabis writer based in Cape Town, South Africa. She’s passionate about empowering readers to take care of their mental and physical health through science-based, empathetically delivered information.
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Connect with us for all things health. Subscribe [Mental Well-Being](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health) - [Better Sleep](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/sleep) - [Nutrition & Supplements](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/nutrition-supplements) - [Building Relationships](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/building-relationships) - [Emotional Well-Being](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/mind-and-body) - [Navigating Therapy](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/treatment) - [Crisis Support](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/crisis-support) - [ADHD](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/adhd) - [Bipolar Disorder](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/bipolar) - [Eating Disorders](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/eating-disorders) - [OCD](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/ocd) - [Schizophrenia](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/schizophrenia) - [Addiction](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/addiction) - [Services & Reviews](https://www.healthline.com/reviews/mental-health-services-and-products) - [Apps](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health/apps) # Understanding Psychological Disorders ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Ericka-Goodwin-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Ericka Goodwin, MD, DFAPA]() — Written by [Sian Ferguson]() on March 27, 2023 - [Anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/psychological-disorders#anxiety) - [Mood](https://www.healthline.com/health/psychological-disorders#mood) - [Psychoses](https://www.healthline.com/health/psychological-disorders#psychoses) - [Stress](https://www.healthline.com/health/psychological-disorders#stress) - [Personality](https://www.healthline.com/health/psychological-disorders#personality) - [Sleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/psychological-disorders#sleep) - [Eating](https://www.healthline.com/health/psychological-disorders#eating) - [Substance](https://www.healthline.com/health/psychological-disorders#substance) Psychological disorders, also called mental illnesses, can affect how you think, feel, and behave. Psychological disorders are also called mental illnesses or mental health conditions. They can affect your thinking, emotions, and behavior, often affecting your relationships and day-to-day functioning. These conditions may be temporary or lifelong. Mental health conditions are common. The National Alliance on Mental Illness estimates that [1 in 5 adults](https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions) in the United States experiences a psychological disorder each year. Although psychological disorders can be challenging to live with, they can be treated. [Talk therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/talk-therapy), self-care strategies, and medication can all play a role in helping people with psychological disorders function better. ## [Anxiety disorders]() Everybody feels anxious from time to time, and anxiety is a natural part of life. But people with [anxiety disorders](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety) experience persistent anxiety that often gets in the way of their day-to-day functioning. Often, their anxiety is disproportional to the situation at hand. According to the [American Psychiatric Association (APA)](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders), anxiety disorders are the most common type of neurodevelopmental condition, affecting nearly [30%](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders) of adults at some point in their lives. Although anyone can have an anxiety disorder, they’re more common among women than men. Common types of anxiety disorders include: - [generalized anxiety disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/generalized-anxiety-disorder) - [illness anxiety disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/health-anxiety) (previously called hypochondria) - [separation anxiety disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/separation-anxiety) - [social anxiety disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/social-phobia) - [specific phobias](https://www.healthline.com/health/phobia-simple-specific) - [panic disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/panic-disorder) The symptoms differ from disorder to disorder, but usually include: - anxious thoughts or beliefs that are difficult to control - restlessness - trouble concentrating - irritability Talk therapy is considered the first-line treatment for anxiety disorders. In some cases, medications — for example, [antidepressants](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/medication-list) or [benzodiazepines](https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/benzodiazepines) — may also be prescribed. Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a routine and engaging in [healthy stress-relief methods](https://www.healthline.com/health/natural-ways-to-reduce-anxiety), may also help. ## [Depressive, bipolar, and other mood disorders]() Mood disorders include: - [Depressive disorders](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression) such as [major depressive disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/clinical-depression), [postpartum depression](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/postpartum-depression), and [major depressive disorder with seasonal patterns](https://www.healthline.com/health/seasonal-affective-disorder), also known as seasonal affective disorder. - [Bipolar disorders](https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder) - [Premenstrual dysphoric disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/pmdd), which involves severe [premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms](https://www.healthline.com/health/premenstrual-syndrome), especially symptoms relating to mood The symptoms can include: - [depressive symptoms](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/recognizing-symptoms), such as persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or apathy - [mania symptoms](https://www.healthline.com/health/mania), which occur during manic episodes in bipolar disorder, and include periods of high energy, elation, and restlessness Mood disorders are primarily treated through talk therapy. They can also be treated with medications — such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers. Alternative therapies such as [electroconvulsive therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/electroconvulsive-therapy), [light therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/sun-lamp), and [psychedelic-assisted therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/psychedelic-therapy) may also help. ## [Schizophrenia and other psychoses]() [Schizophrenia](https://www.healthline.com/health/schizophrenia), an often misunderstood condition, affects less than [1%](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia) of the U.S. population. It’s a chronic psychiatric disorder that involves distortions of reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations. The early [symptoms of schizophrenia](https://www.healthline.com/health/schizophrenia/symptoms) can include: - isolating oneself from friends and family - changing friends or social groups - a change in focus and concentration - difficulty sleeping - irritability and agitation - difficulties with schoolwork, or poor academic performance - anxiety - vague suspiciousness - feeling different from others Symptoms of advanced schizophrenia can include: - [hallucinations](https://www.healthline.com/health/hallucinations), which are when someone hears, sees, or feels things that aren’t there - delusions, which are intense, false beliefs, such as believing others are [conspiring to harm them](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/persecutory-delusions) Although there’s no cure for schizophrenia, it can be treated. [Antipsychotic medication](https://www.healthline.com/health/mood-stabilizers-list) is the most common [treatment for schizophrenia](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/schizophrenia-treatment). It can help manage hallucinations and delusions. Psychosocial intervention, which can include individual therapy, family therapy, and social skills training, may also help. [Psychosis](https://www.healthline.com/health/psychosis) is a symptom of schizophrenia, but people can also have psychosis without schizophrenia. In some cases, it can be a temporary condition where you have [delusions and hallucinations](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/hallucinations-vs-delusions). The symptoms of psychosis may include: - delusions - hallucinations - disorganized behavior, which can seem impulsive or nonsensical to others - [catatonia](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/catatonic-depression), which is where someone appears “frozen” - sudden lack of interest in things that usually matter to them - an expressionless face or a flat tone of voice, making them appear emotionless - an ungroomed appearance If someone is having an episode of psychosis where they pose a risk to themself or others, they may undergo rapid tranquilization, which is when they’re injected with a substance that will relax or sedate them. After an episode of psychosis, you may be prescribed antipsychotic medications to help manage hallucinations and delusions. Individual talk therapy, group therapy, and family therapy may also help. ## [Trauma- and stress-related disorders]() The two common trauma- and stress-related disorders are [obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)](https://www.healthline.com/health/ocd/social-signs) and [post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)](https://www.healthline.com/health/post-traumatic-stress-disorder). The APA estimates that [2% to 3%](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ocd/what-is-obsessive-compulsive-disorder) of people in the United States have OCD. OCD is characterized by: - obsessions, which are repetitive, unwanted thoughts that won’t go away - compulsions, which are behaviors or rituals they feel urged to do in order to relieve the obsessive thought OCD can be treated and managed with talk therapy. A type of therapy called [exposure and response prevention](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/exposure-therapy-for-anxiety) is considered the gold standard for treating OCD, but other kinds of therapy may also be used. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to assist with OCD symptoms. The symptoms of PTSD can include: - avoiding people or things that remind you of the event - depression - difficulty thinking about the events - difficulty remembering parts of the events - distorted feelings of guilt, worry, or blame - feeling anxious or “on edge” - flashbacks - irritability and anger - nightmares - [panic attacks](https://www.healthline.com/health/panic-attack-vs-anxiety-attack) - reduced interest in activities you once enjoyed - startling easily PTSD is often treated through talk therapy, especially [cognitive behavioral therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/cognitive-behavioral-therapy) or exposure therapy. In some cases, group therapy can be helpful. A mental health professional may also prescribe antidepressants, [anti-anxiety drugs](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiolytics), or sleep medication to assist with the symptoms of PTSD. ## [Personality disorders]() People with [personality disorders](https://www.healthline.com/health/personality-disorders) may have a way of thinking, feeling, and behaving that deviates from the expectations of the culture in such a way that it causes distress and makes it difficult for them to function healthily. In order to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, you have to have long-term patterns of behavior and inner experiences that affect at least two of the following: - how you think about yourself and others - how you respond emotionally - how you relate to other people - how you control your behavior The 10 personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR) are: - [antisocial personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/antisocial-personality-disorder) - [avoidant personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/avoidant-personality-disorder) - [borderline personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/borderline-personality-disorder) - [dependent personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/dependent-personality-disorder) - [histrionic personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/histrionic-personality-disorder) - [narcissistic personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/narcissistic-personality-disorder) - [obsessive-compulsive personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/obsessive-compulsive-personality-disorder) - [paranoid personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/paranoid-personality-disorder) - [schizoid personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/schizoid-personality-disorder) - [schizotypal personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/schizotypal-personality-disorder) Personality disorders are usually treated with talk therapy and, when necessary, medication. Certain medications can help improve the symptoms of personality disorders, such as low mood, anxiety, or impulsivity. ## [Sleep disorders]() Sleep disorders can affect your sleep pattern, which means you may sleep significantly more or significantly less than typical. Certain sleep disorders involve unusual behavior while asleep, such as [sleepwalking](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/sleepwalking). Types of sleep disorders include: - [circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders](https://www.healthline.com/health/circadian-rhythm-sleep-disorder) - [hypersomnolence disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/hypersomnia) - [insomnia](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia) - [narcolepsy](https://www.healthline.com/health/narcolepsy) - [nightmare disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/nightmares) - non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal, which includes sleepwalking and night terrors - [parasomnia](https://www.healthline.com/health/parasomnia) - [rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/rem-sleep-disorder) - [restless legs syndrome](https://www.healthline.com/health/restless-leg-syndrome) - [sleep apnea](https://www.healthline.com/health/signs-of-sleep-apnea) Sleep disorders may be treated with: - proper sleep habits - relaxation techniques - medications, such as sleep aids - talk therapy Often, a general practitioner can be your first point of contact when getting help for a sleep disorder. In some cases, you may also benefit from speaking with a [sleep specialist](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/how-to-choose-a-sleep-specialist), psychiatrist, or therapist. ## [Eating disorders]() Eating disorders affect your behaviors and thoughts around eating and food. According to the APA, eating disorders may affect up to [5%](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/eating-disorders/what-are-eating-disorders) of the U.S. population. Common [types of eating disorders](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/common-eating-disorders) include: - [avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/feeding-disorder-of-infancy-and-early-childhood), which can involve extreme picky eating to the point of being unable to meet your nutritional needs - [anorexia nervosa](https://www.healthline.com/health/anorexia-nervosa), which may be further categorized into a restricting type or a binge eating/purging type - [bulimia nervosa](https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia-nervosa), which involves alternating dieting with binge eating - [binge eating disorder](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/binge-eating-disorder), which includes episodes of binge eating and, later, a sense of guilt and distress about the binge behavior - [pica](https://www.healthline.com/health/pica), which involves eating things that aren’t food with no nutritional value for at least a month - [rumination disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/rumination-disorder), which involves repeatedly regurgitating swallowed food and either re-chewing and re-swallowing food or spitting it out - other specified feeding and eating disorder, a diagnostic category that includes eating disorders that don’t fit the diagnostic criteria for the disorders mentioned above Treatment for eating disorders may include talk therapy, which can include individual, family, or group therapy. In some cases, medications can be used to help with accompanying symptoms. Nutritional counseling can help people with eating disorders learn healthy nutrition and eating habits. ## [Substance use disorders]() [Substance use disorders](https://www.healthline.com/health/drug-abuse) involve the compulsive use of substances. These substances may be legal or illegal. The APA categorizes [substance use disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/addiction) as a brain disease. Substance use disorders are treatable. Usually, the first step is detoxification, which involves stopping (or gradually stopping) your use of the substance. During this phase, the withdrawal symptoms are treated. Further treatments, such as individual and group counseling, can help encourage long-term abstinence from the substance. Medications can also help with recovery — for example, if you experience [heroin addiction](https://www.healthline.com/health/heroin-addiction), a clinician may prescribe a medication called [methadone](https://www.healthline.com/health/methadone-oral-tablet) or buprenorphine/naloxone ([Suboxone](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325827.php)) to help soothe withdrawal symptoms. Treatment for substance use disorder can be provided in outpatient facilities or inpatient residential recovery programs (such as a rehabilitation program). ## [Where can you learn more and find support?]() If you have a psychological disorder, know that you’re not alone. Psychological disorders can be challenging to live with, but they can be treated. Consulting with a doctor or [therapist](https://www.healthline.com/health/therapy-for-every-budget) can be a great first step. Our list of [Mental Health Resources](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health-resources) includes guidance on finding therapy as well as lower-cost and free support services. You don’t need to be diagnosed with a psychological disorder in order [to benefit from therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/reasons-for-therapy). *** Sian Ferguson is a freelance health and cannabis writer based in Cape Town, South Africa. She’s passionate about empowering readers to take care of their mental and physical health through science-based, empathetically delivered information. ### How we reviewed this article: Sources History Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.healthline.com/about/process). - Alcohol and drug abuse. (n.d.). <https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Glossary_of_Symptoms_and_Illnesses/Alcohol_and_Drug_Abuse.aspx> - Anxiety disorders. (2022). <https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders> - Depression. (2022). <https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression> - Eating disorders. (2023). <https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/eating-disorders> - Mental disorders. (2022). <https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders> - Mental health conditions. (n.d.). <https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions> - Mood disorders. (n.d). <https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/mood-disorders> - Schizophrenia. (2022). <https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia> - Sekhon S, et al. (2022). Mood disorder. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558911/> - Understanding psychosis. (n.d.). <https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/understanding-psychosis> - What are anxiety disorders? (2021). <https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders> - What are bipolar disorders? (2021). <https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/bipolar-disorders/what-are-bipolar-disorders> - What are eating disorders? (2023). <https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/eating-disorders/what-are-eating-disorders> - What are personality disorders? (2022). <https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/personality-disorders/what-are-personality-disorders> - What are sleep disorders? (2020). <https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/sleep-disorders/what-are-sleep-disorders> - What is a substance use disorder? (2020). <https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/addiction-substance-use-disorders/what-is-a-substance-use-disorder> - What is depression? (2020). <https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression> - What is obsessive-compulsive disorder? (2022). <https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ocd/what-is-obsessive-compulsive-disorder> - What is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? (2022). <https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ptsd/what-is-ptsd> - What is schizophrenia? (2020). <https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Ericka-Goodwin-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Ericka Goodwin, MD, DFAPA]() — Written by [Sian Ferguson]() on March 27, 2023 ## related stories - [How To Choose a Counselor vs. Therapist](https://www.healthline.com/health/counselor-vs-therapist?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Potential Benefits of Boredom](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/benefits-of-boredom?utm_source=ReadNext) - [From Our Community: Microhabits That Improve Mental Health in Under 5 Minutes](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/microhabits-that-improve-mental-health-in-under-5-minutes-a-day?utm_source=ReadNext) - [2 to 3 Cups of Coffee Daily May Help Lower Stress, Improve Mental Health](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/daily-coffee-may-lower-stress-improve-mental-health?utm_source=ReadNext) - [What Is AI Psychosis and Can You Prevent It?](https://www.healthline.com/health/ai-psychosis?utm_source=ReadNext) ### Read this next - [How To Choose a Counselor vs. Therapist](https://www.healthline.com/health/counselor-vs-therapist?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Danielle Wade, LCSW](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [What's the difference between a counselor vs. therapist? 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Readable Markdown	Psychological disorders, also called mental illnesses, can affect how you think, feel, and behave. Psychological disorders are also called mental illnesses or mental health conditions. They can affect your thinking, emotions, and behavior, often affecting your relationships and day-to-day functioning. These conditions may be temporary or lifelong. Mental health conditions are common. The National Alliance on Mental Illness estimates that [1 in 5 adults](https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions) in the United States experiences a psychological disorder each year. Although psychological disorders can be challenging to live with, they can be treated. [Talk therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/talk-therapy), self-care strategies, and medication can all play a role in helping people with psychological disorders function better. Everybody feels anxious from time to time, and anxiety is a natural part of life. But people with [anxiety disorders](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety) experience persistent anxiety that often gets in the way of their day-to-day functioning. Often, their anxiety is disproportional to the situation at hand. According to the [American Psychiatric Association (APA)](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders), anxiety disorders are the most common type of neurodevelopmental condition, affecting nearly [30%](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders) of adults at some point in their lives. Although anyone can have an anxiety disorder, they’re more common among women than men. Common types of anxiety disorders include: - [generalized anxiety disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/generalized-anxiety-disorder) - [illness anxiety disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/health-anxiety) (previously called hypochondria) - [separation anxiety disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/separation-anxiety) - [social anxiety disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/social-phobia) - [specific phobias](https://www.healthline.com/health/phobia-simple-specific) - [panic disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/panic-disorder) The symptoms differ from disorder to disorder, but usually include: - anxious thoughts or beliefs that are difficult to control - restlessness - trouble concentrating - irritability Talk therapy is considered the first-line treatment for anxiety disorders. In some cases, medications — for example, [antidepressants](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/medication-list) or [benzodiazepines](https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/benzodiazepines) — may also be prescribed. Mood disorders include: - [Depressive disorders](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression) such as [major depressive disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/clinical-depression), [postpartum depression](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/postpartum-depression), and [major depressive disorder with seasonal patterns](https://www.healthline.com/health/seasonal-affective-disorder), also known as seasonal affective disorder. - [Bipolar disorders](https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder) - [Premenstrual dysphoric disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/pmdd), which involves severe [premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms](https://www.healthline.com/health/premenstrual-syndrome), especially symptoms relating to mood The symptoms can include: - [depressive symptoms](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/recognizing-symptoms), such as persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or apathy - [mania symptoms](https://www.healthline.com/health/mania), which occur during manic episodes in bipolar disorder, and include periods of high energy, elation, and restlessness Mood disorders are primarily treated through talk therapy. They can also be treated with medications — such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers. [Schizophrenia](https://www.healthline.com/health/schizophrenia), an often misunderstood condition, affects less than [1%](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia) of the U.S. population. It’s a chronic psychiatric disorder that involves distortions of reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations. - isolating oneself from friends and family - changing friends or social groups - a change in focus and concentration - difficulty sleeping - irritability and agitation - difficulties with schoolwork, or poor academic performance - anxiety - vague suspiciousness - feeling different from others Symptoms of advanced schizophrenia can include: - [hallucinations](https://www.healthline.com/health/hallucinations), which are when someone hears, sees, or feels things that aren’t there - delusions, which are intense, false beliefs, such as believing others are [conspiring to harm them](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/persecutory-delusions) Psychosocial intervention, which can include individual therapy, family therapy, and social skills training, may also help. [Psychosis](https://www.healthline.com/health/psychosis) is a symptom of schizophrenia, but people can also have psychosis without schizophrenia. In some cases, it can be a temporary condition where you have [delusions and hallucinations](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/hallucinations-vs-delusions). The symptoms of psychosis may include: - delusions - hallucinations - disorganized behavior, which can seem impulsive or nonsensical to others - [catatonia](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/catatonic-depression), which is where someone appears “frozen” - sudden lack of interest in things that usually matter to them - an expressionless face or a flat tone of voice, making them appear emotionless - an ungroomed appearance If someone is having an episode of psychosis where they pose a risk to themself or others, they may undergo rapid tranquilization, which is when they’re injected with a substance that will relax or sedate them. After an episode of psychosis, you may be prescribed antipsychotic medications to help manage hallucinations and delusions. Individual talk therapy, group therapy, and family therapy may also help. The APA estimates that [2% to 3%](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ocd/what-is-obsessive-compulsive-disorder) of people in the United States have OCD. OCD is characterized by: - obsessions, which are repetitive, unwanted thoughts that won’t go away - compulsions, which are behaviors or rituals they feel urged to do in order to relieve the obsessive thought OCD can be treated and managed with talk therapy. A type of therapy called [exposure and response prevention](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/exposure-therapy-for-anxiety) is considered the gold standard for treating OCD, but other kinds of therapy may also be used. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to assist with OCD symptoms. The symptoms of PTSD can include: - avoiding people or things that remind you of the event - depression - difficulty thinking about the events - difficulty remembering parts of the events - distorted feelings of guilt, worry, or blame - feeling anxious or “on edge” - flashbacks - irritability and anger - nightmares - [panic attacks](https://www.healthline.com/health/panic-attack-vs-anxiety-attack) - reduced interest in activities you once enjoyed - startling easily PTSD is often treated through talk therapy, especially [cognitive behavioral therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/cognitive-behavioral-therapy) or exposure therapy. In some cases, group therapy can be helpful. A mental health professional may also prescribe antidepressants, [anti-anxiety drugs](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiolytics), or sleep medication to assist with the symptoms of PTSD. People with [personality disorders](https://www.healthline.com/health/personality-disorders) may have a way of thinking, feeling, and behaving that deviates from the expectations of the culture in such a way that it causes distress and makes it difficult for them to function healthily. In order to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, you have to have long-term patterns of behavior and inner experiences that affect at least two of the following: - how you think about yourself and others - how you respond emotionally - how you relate to other people - how you control your behavior The 10 personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR) are: - [antisocial personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/antisocial-personality-disorder) - [avoidant personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/avoidant-personality-disorder) - [borderline personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/borderline-personality-disorder) - [dependent personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/dependent-personality-disorder) - [histrionic personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/histrionic-personality-disorder) - [narcissistic personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/narcissistic-personality-disorder) - [obsessive-compulsive personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/obsessive-compulsive-personality-disorder) - [paranoid personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/paranoid-personality-disorder) - [schizoid personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/schizoid-personality-disorder) - [schizotypal personality disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/schizotypal-personality-disorder) Personality disorders are usually treated with talk therapy and, when necessary, medication. Certain medications can help improve the symptoms of personality disorders, such as low mood, anxiety, or impulsivity. Eating disorders affect your behaviors and thoughts around eating and food. According to the APA, eating disorders may affect up to [5%](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/eating-disorders/what-are-eating-disorders) of the U.S. population. - [avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/feeding-disorder-of-infancy-and-early-childhood), which can involve extreme picky eating to the point of being unable to meet your nutritional needs - [anorexia nervosa](https://www.healthline.com/health/anorexia-nervosa), which may be further categorized into a restricting type or a binge eating/purging type - [bulimia nervosa](https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia-nervosa), which involves alternating dieting with binge eating - [binge eating disorder](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/binge-eating-disorder), which includes episodes of binge eating and, later, a sense of guilt and distress about the binge behavior - [pica](https://www.healthline.com/health/pica), which involves eating things that aren’t food with no nutritional value for at least a month - [rumination disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/rumination-disorder), which involves repeatedly regurgitating swallowed food and either re-chewing and re-swallowing food or spitting it out - other specified feeding and eating disorder, a diagnostic category that includes eating disorders that don’t fit the diagnostic criteria for the disorders mentioned above Treatment for eating disorders may include talk therapy, which can include individual, family, or group therapy. In some cases, medications can be used to help with accompanying symptoms. Nutritional counseling can help people with eating disorders learn healthy nutrition and eating habits. Substance use disorders are treatable. Usually, the first step is detoxification, which involves stopping (or gradually stopping) your use of the substance. During this phase, the withdrawal symptoms are treated. Further treatments, such as individual and group counseling, can help encourage long-term abstinence from the substance. Medications can also help with recovery — for example, if you experience [heroin addiction](https://www.healthline.com/health/heroin-addiction), a clinician may prescribe a medication called [methadone](https://www.healthline.com/health/methadone-oral-tablet) or buprenorphine/naloxone ([Suboxone](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325827.php)) to help soothe withdrawal symptoms. Treatment for substance use disorder can be provided in outpatient facilities or inpatient residential recovery programs (such as a rehabilitation program). If you have a psychological disorder, know that you’re not alone. Psychological disorders can be challenging to live with, but they can be treated. Consulting with a doctor or [therapist](https://www.healthline.com/health/therapy-for-every-budget) can be a great first step. Our list of [Mental Health Resources](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health-resources) includes guidance on finding therapy as well as lower-cost and free support services. You don’t need to be diagnosed with a psychological disorder in order [to benefit from therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/reasons-for-therapy). Sian Ferguson is a freelance health and cannabis writer based in Cape Town, South Africa. She’s passionate about empowering readers to take care of their mental and physical health through science-based, empathetically delivered information.
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