🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 98 (from laksa042)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa098.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/health/parasomnia\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/health/parasomnia\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/parasomnia","crawl_time":1775079803,"first_indexed_time":1583413005,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,healthline!www,\/health\/parasomnia s443","src_root_hash":"11478817528691466898","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Parasomnia (Sleep Disorder): Symptoms, Causes, Types, Treatment","meta_descriptions":["Parasomnia can make it hard to get quality sleep. It may also increase the risk of accidents and health problems due to lack of rest. Here are some of the common types and how they're treated."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"A parasomnia is a\nsleep disorder\nthat causes abnormal behavior while sleeping. The behavior can occur during any stage of sleep, including the transition from\nwakefulness to sleeping\nand vice versa.\nIf you have a parasomnia, you might move around, talk, or do unusual things during sleep. Other people might think you’re awake, but you’re actually unconscious. You typically don’t remember the incident.\nWhile parasomnias are common, they can make it difficult to get\nrestful sleep\n. The behavior might also disrupt the sleep of other people near you.\nAdditionally, some parasomnias can be dangerous because you’re unaware of your surroundings. They can also have health-related side effects, such as psychological stress.\nLike other sleep disorders, parasomnias are treatable. Read on to learn about the causes and types of parasomnias along with treatment options.\nSome parasomnias occur in the first half of the night, during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Others happen later in the night, during\nREM sleep\n.\nSleepwalking\nSleepwalking\n, or somnambulism, is when you walk around while sleeping. It’s a common parasomnia. It might also involve sleep talking or doing normal activities around the house.\nOften, sleepwalking occurs early in the night. It can even happen during daytime naps.\nSleep talking\nAnother common parasomnia is\nsleep talking\n, also known as somniloquy. It happens when you talk while asleep.\nSleep talking can involve a wide range of talking, from mumbling to full conversations.\nUnlike sleepwalking, sleep talking can happen during any part of the night. The talking is usually easier to understand in the lighter stages of sleep.\nSleep-related groaning\nCatathrenia is groaning out loud while sleeping. Typically, it happens when you exhale slowly and deeply. The groaning can include different sounds, such as:\nroaring\nloud humming\nhigh-pitched cracking sounds\nSleep-related groaning is often mistaken for snoring. But unlike snoring, groaning isn’t related to breathing issues.\nNightmares\nNightmares\nare troubling, intense dreams that cause anger, anxiety, or fear. If the nightmares frequently occur, it’s called nightmare disorder.\nThis parasomnia can make it difficult to fall back asleep. In some cases, multiple nightmares may happen in a single night.\nGenerally, nightmares occur during REM sleep, when you’re more likely to dream.\nNight terrors\nA\nnight terror\n, or sleep terror, causes you to suddenly wake up in a terrified state. The terror can last from 30 seconds to 5 minutes.\nNight terrors are also associated with:\ncrying\nscreaming\nfast heart rate\nsweating\nskin flushing\nUnlike nightmares, night terrors usually involve little to no dream activity. Night terrors also typically happen in non-REM sleep.\nBedwetting\nBedwetting\n, or nocturnal enuresis, is involuntarily urinating during sleep. It’s most common in children, especially in kids younger than\n6 years old\n.\nUsually, bedwetting occurs when the bladder has more urine than it can hold. Some cases don’t have an underlying cause, while others are due to conditions like\nurinary tract infections\n.\nConfusional arousal\nConfusional arousal is when you wake up in a very confused state. You might have trouble understanding what you’re doing or where you are.\nOther behaviors include:\nslow speech\npoor memory\ncrying\nslow reaction time\nTeeth grinding\nIn sleep bruxism, you clench or\ngrind your teeth\nwhile sleeping. These behaviors can cause:\ntooth pain or sensitivity\njaw, face, or neck soreness\nearache-like pain\nSleep-related eating disorder\nSleep-related eating disorder is\nbinge eating\nand drinking during non-REM sleep. You might be partly or fully conscious.\nOften, binge eating episodes happen repeatedly. Specific behaviors include:\neating unusual foods (like a stick of butter) or food combinations\neating and drinking quickly\nconsuming toxic food, like uncooked meat\nREM sleep behavior disorder\nIt’s different than sleepwalking or sleep terrors, when the person is often confused. With RBD, you can usually wake up easily and remember the dream.\nTypical RBD behaviors include:\ngrabbing\npunching\nshouting\nkicking\njumping\nOther parasomnias\nSome parasomnias are less common. More unusual types include:\nSleep texting.\nSleep texting\nis when you send a text message during sleep.\nSexsomnia.\nIn\nsexsomnia\n, you act out sexual behaviors while sleeping.\nExploding head syndrome.\nWhen you’re about to fall asleep or wake up, you imagine a loud, sudden noise in your head.\nSleep-related hallucinations.\nThis is a\nhallucination\nyou can see, feel, or hear. It can occur when falling asleep or waking up.\nSleep-related scratching.\nScratching occurs during sleep. You might wake up with scratches, bleeding, or cuts.\nSleep driving.\nThough rare, it’s possible to drive while sleeping. This is a form of sleepwalking and can be very dangerous.\nParasomnia affects more children than adults. It’s most common in children who have neurological or psychiatric conditions, such as epilepsy or\nADHD\n.\nCauses like stress and sleep deprivation can also trigger child parasomnia.\nHowever, parasomnia in children usually happens because their sleep-wake cycle is immature. This means the boundaries between wakefulness and sleep are underdeveloped, resulting in a mixed state of consciousness.\nMost children grow out of it by adolescence.\nCompared to adults, children with parasomnia might experience more crying and fear. They might be scared to go to sleep alone.\nIf your child has abnormal sleep behaviors, remember that they’re not doing it on purpose. Focus on being supportive instead of punishing them.\nFor example, if they wet the bed, encourage them to use the bathroom before bedtime.\nAside from the unusual behavior during sleep, parasomnia can cause other symptoms. You might:\nwake up confused or disoriented\nwake up wondering where you are\nnot remember doing certain activities\nfind unfamiliar cuts on your body\nhave difficulty sleeping throughout the night\nfeel\ndaytime sleepiness\nor fatigue\nYour primary care doctor can help diagnose parasomnia. They’ll likely have you see a sleep specialist, who can further examine your sleeping behavior.\nDiagnosis often includes:\nMedical history.\nYour doctor will ask about underlying medical conditions, current medications, family history, and lifestyle.\nSleep history.\nA sleep diary can show your sleep behavior patterns. If you live with someone, they can observe how you sleep.\nPolysomnogram.\nIn a\npolysomnogram\n, you sleep in a lab overnight so a specialist can analyze your sleeping behavior. They’ll record your brain waves, breathing, and heart rate to make a diagnosis.\nParasomnia treatment depends on the type and severity. Your doctor might recommend the following:\nMedication\nIf your parasomnia is frequent or recurring, medication can help manage it. The best choice depends on your symptoms.\nExamples of medications used to treat parasomnias include:\ntopiramate\nantidepressants\ndopamine agonists\nmelatonin\nlevodopa\nbenzodiazepines\n, like clonazepam\nOn the other hand, if your symptoms are actually due to a certain medication, your doctor might recommend an alternative medication or different dose. Don’t stop taking a medication without your doctor’s OK.\nCognitive behavioral therapy\nCognitive\nbehavioral therapy\n(CBT) is a common parasomnia treatment. That’s because parasomnia is often related to mental health concerns, like stress and anxiety.\nOther methods that may be used alongside CBT include:\npsychotherapy\nrelaxation therapy\nhypnosis\nHome treatments\nSome treatments can be done at home. Your doctor may suggest:\nScheduled awakenings.\nScheduled awakenings are when you wake up your child about 15 to 30 minutes before they spontaneously wake up. It may help minimize behaviors that follow a certain pattern. It’s\noften used\nfor sleepwalking and night terrors.\nSafer sleep environments.\nIf you sleepwalk or have RBD, you might need to sleep alone or remove dangerous items from your home. You can also lock windows and doors, place the mattress on the floor, and sleep with extra padding.\nParasomnia can make it hard to get quality sleep. It may also increase the risk of accidents and health problems due to lack of rest.\nFortunately, parasomnia is treatable, so it’s important to see a sleep doctor if you have unusual sleep behaviors. They can explore underlying causes and provide the best treatment for your symptoms.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  Health Conditions\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n  \n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer Care](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/cancer-care)\n  - [Caregiving for Alzheimer's Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/alzheimers-disease)\n  - [Chronic Kidney Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/ckd)\n  - [Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/copd)\n  - [Digestive Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/digestive-health)\n  - [Eye Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/eye-health)\n  - [Heart Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/heart-health)\n  - [Menopause](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/menopause)\n  - [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health)\n  - [Migraine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/migraine)\n  - [Multiple Sclerosis (MS)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/multiple-sclerosis)\n  - [Parkinson’s Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/parkinsons-disease)\n  - [Psoriasis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/psoriasis)\n  - [Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/rheumatoid-arthritis)\n  - [Sleep Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep)\n  - [Type 2 Diabetes](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/type-2-diabetes)\n  - [Weight Management](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/weight-management)\n  \n  Condition Spotlight\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sponsored-topics)\n  \n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/navigation-icons-_controlling-ulcerative-colitis-236x236_360.png) Controlling Ulcerative Colitis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/program\/controlling-uc)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/navigation-icons_navigating-life-with-biopolar-236x236-1.png) Navigating Life with Bipolar Disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/program\/navigating-life-with-bipolar-disorder)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/navigation-icons-_mastering-your-geographic-atrophy-236x236_360.png) Mastering Geographic Atrophy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/program\/mastering-your-geographic-atrophy-care)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/navigation-icons_managing-type-2-diabetes-236x236-1.png) Managing Type 2 Diabetes](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/program\/managing-type-2-diabetes-with-food-and-fitness)\n- Wellness\n  Wellness Topics\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/wellness)\n  \n  - [CBD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/cbd)\n  - [Fitness](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/fitness)\n  - [Healthy Aging](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/healthy-aging)\n  - [Hearing](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/hearing-health)\n  - [Mental Well-Being](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health)\n  - [Nutrition](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition)\n  - [Parenthood](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/parenthood)\n  - [Recipes](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/recipes)\n  - [Sexual Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sexual-health)\n  - [Skin Care](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/skincare)\n  - [Sleep Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep)\n  - [Vitamins and Supplements](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/vitamins-supplements)\n  - [Women's Wellness](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/program\/womens-wellness)\n  \n  Product Reviews\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/reviews)\n  \n  - [At-Home Testing](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/reviews\/at-home-tests)\n  - [Men's Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/reviews\/mens-health-products)\n  - [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/reviews\/mental-health-services-and-products)\n  - [Nutrition](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/reviews\/nutrition-products)\n  - [Sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/reviews\/sleep-products)\n  - [Vitamins and Supplements](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/reviews\/vitamin-and-supplement-products)\n  - [Women's Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/reviews\/womens-health-products)\n  \n  Featured Programs\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sponsored-topics)\n  \n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/HL_Dexcom-Stelo_Key-Art_Circular-Thumbnail_236x236.png) Your Guide to Glucose Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/program\/your-guide-to-glucose-health)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/navigation-icons-_understanding-inflammation-and-aging-236x236_360.png) Inflammation and Aging](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/program\/understanding-inflammation-and-aging)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/navigation-icons-_cold-and-flu-236x236_360.png) Cold & Flu Season Survival Guide](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/program\/cold-flu-survival-guide)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/navigation-icons_shes-good-for-real-236x236-1.png) She’s Good for Real](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/program\/shes-good-for-real)\n- Tools\n  Featured\n  \n  - [Video Series](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/video)\n  - [Pill Identifier](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/pill-identifier)\n  - [FindCare](https:\/\/care.healthline.com\/find-care)\n  - [Drugs A-Z](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/drugs)\n  - [Medicare Plans by State](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/health-medicare-state-coverage)\n  \n  Lessons\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/learn.healthline.com\/)\n  \n  - [Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis Essentials](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/app\/inflammatory-bowel-disease?utm_source=lessonshome)\n  - [Diabetes Nutrition](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/app\/type-2-diabetes?utm_source=lessonshome)\n  - [High Cholesterol](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/app\/high-cholesterol?utm_source=lessonshome)\n  - [Taming Inflammation in Psoriasis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/app\/pso-inflammation?utm_source=lessonshome)\n  - [Taming Inflammation in Psoriatic Arthritis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/app\/psa-inflammation?utm_source=lessonshome)\n  \n  Newsletters\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup)\n  \n  - [Anxiety and Depression](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup\/anxiety-and-depression)\n  - [Digestive Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup\/ibd)\n  - [Heart Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup\/heart-health)\n  - [Migraine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup\/migraine)\n  - [Nutrition Edition](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup\/nutrition)\n  - [Type 2 Diabetes](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup\/type-2-diabetes)\n  - [Wellness Wire](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup\/wellness-wire)\n  \n  Lifestyle Quizzes\n  \n  - [Find a Diet](https:\/\/activation.healthline.com\/assessment\/assessment\/diets\/prompt\/1?v=1&tc=120226&subid=hl_dietfinder_1_)\n  - [Find Healthy Snacks](https:\/\/activation.healthline.com\/assessment\/assessment\/pregnancy-snacks\/prompt\/1?v=1)\n  - [Weight Management](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/weight-management-quiz)\n  - [How Well Do You Sleep?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/healthy-sleep\/quiz-how-well-do-you-sleep#1)\n  - [Are You a Workaholic?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/quiz-are-you-a-workaholic#quiz-are-you-a-workaholic)\n- Featured\n  Health News\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news)\n  \n  - [Medicare 2026 Changes](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/medicare-open-enrollment-2026-key-changes)\n  - [Can 6-6-6 Walking Workout Help You Lose Weight?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/666-walking-trend-weight-loss)\n  - [This Couple Lost 118 Pounds Together Without Medication](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/married-couple-loses-119-pounds-together-without-meds)\n  - [5 Science-Backed Ways to Live a Longer Life](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/healthy-ways-to-improve-longevity)\n  - [Morning Coffee May Help You Live Longer](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/morning-coffee-heart-health-benefits)\n  \n  This Just In\n  \n  - [5 Tips for a Healthy Lifestyle](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/fitness-nutrition\/healthy-lifestyle-benefits)\n  - [How to Disinfect Your House After the Flu](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/flu\/how-to-disinfect-house-after-flu)\n  - [Best Vegan and Plant-Based Meal Delivery for 2025](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/plant-based-meal-delivery)\n  - [Does Medicare Cover Pneumonia Shots?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/medicare\/does-medicare-cover-pneumonia-shots)\n  - [Chromosomes, Genetics, and Your Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/chromosomes-and-genetics)\n  \n  Top Reads\n  \n  - [Best Multivitamins for Women](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/multivitamins-womens-health)\n  - [Best Multivitamins for Men](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/best-multivitamins-for-men)\n  - [Best Online Therapy Services](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/our-top-10-online-therapy-picks)\n  - [Online Therapy That Takes Insurance](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/online-therapy-that-takes-insurance)\n  - [Buy Ozempic Online](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/buy-ozempic-online)\n  - [Mounjaro Overview](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/mounjaro)\n  \n  Video Series\n  \n  - [Youth in Focus](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/video\/youth-in-focus)\n  - [Healthy Harvest](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/nutrition\/video\/healthy-harvest#1)\n  - [Through an Artist's Eye](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/breast-cancer\/metastatic-breast-cancer-artist-eye)\n  - [Future of Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/video\/future-of-health)\n- Connect\n  Find Your Bezzy Community\n  \n  Bezzy communities provide meaningful connections with others living with chronic conditions. Join Bezzy on the web or mobile app.\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.bezzy.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=nav-bar-connections)\n  \n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bezzy-Inflammatory-Bowel-Disease.png) Inflammatory Bowel Disease](https:\/\/www.bezzyibd.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bezzy-Multiple-Sclerosis.png) Multiple Sclerosis](https:\/\/www.bezzyms.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Bezzy-DEP-Icon-Circle.png) Depression](https:\/\/www.bezzydepression.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Bezzy-MIG-Icon-Circle.png) Migraine](https:\/\/www.bezzymigraine.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Bezzy-T2D-Icon-Circle.png) Type 2 Diabetes](https:\/\/www.bezzyt2d.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Bezzy-PsO.png) Psoriasis](https:\/\/www.bezzypsoriasis.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  \n  Follow us on social media\n  \n  Can't get enough? Connect with us for all things health.\n\nSubscribe\n\n[Sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep)\n\n- Disorders\n  - [Sleep Disorders](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/disorders)\n  - [Insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/disorders\/insomnia)\n  - [Sleep Apnea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/disorders\/sleep-apnea)\n  - [Restless Leg Syndrome](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/disorders\/restless-leg-syndrome)\n  - [Narcolepsy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/disorders\/narcolepsy)\n- [Better Sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/better-sleep)\n- [Tools](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/sleep-tools)\n- [Holistic Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/holistic-health)\n- [Mental Well-Being](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/mental-well-being)\n- [Snoring Management](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/snoring)\n- [Medication and Treatments](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/treatment)\n- [Dreams](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/dreams)\n- [Types of Sleepers](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/types)\n- [Science](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/science)\n- [Product Reviews](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/reviews\/sleep-products)\n- [News](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/news)\n\nExplore more in\n\n- Treatment\n- Types\n- Prognosis\n- Symptoms\n- Diagnosis\n- Causes & Risk Factors\n- Management\n- Diet\n- Related Conditions\n- Complications\n\nInsomnia\n\n#### Related Hubs\n[![Sleep Health](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sleep-health.png)Sleep Health Routines and tips for healthier sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep)\n\n[![Sleep Disorders](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sleep-health-sleep-disorders.png)Sleep Disorders Here's all you need to know about sleep disorders, irregular sleep schedules, insomnia, when to see a specialist, and more.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/disorders)\n#### Related Topics\n- ### Treatment\n  Treatment\n  \n  #### Related Hub\n  [![Medication & Treatments](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sleep-health-medication.png)Medication & Treatments A guide to medications and treatments for sleep management](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/treatment)\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Treatment](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/how-to-cure-insomnia-in-12-minutes)\n  - [Treatment](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-treatments)\n  - [Chronic](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/chronic-insomnia)\n  - [Specialists](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-doctors)\n- ### Types\n  Types\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Types](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/types-of-insomnia)\n  - [Paradoxical Insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/paradoxical-insomnia)\n  - [Sporadic Fatal](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/sporadic-fatal-insomnia)\n  - [Middle](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/middle-insomnia)\n- ### Prognosis\n  Prognosis\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Outlook](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/infographic-facts-stats-on-insomnia)\n- ### Symptoms\n  Symptoms\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Effects on the Body](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-concerns)\n  - [Difficulty Sleeping](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleeping-difficulty)\n- ### Diagnosis\n  Diagnosis\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Diagnosis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/do-i-have-insomnia)\n  - [Waking Up Too Early](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/waking-up-too-early)\n  - [Typical Time to Fall Asleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/healthy-sleep\/how-long-does-it-take-to-fall-asleep)\n  - [Light Sleepers](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/light-sleeper)\n  - [In Men](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-in-men)\n- ### Causes & Risk Factors\n  Causes & Risk Factors\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Causes and Risk Factors](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-causes)\n  - [After Surgery](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-after-surgery)\n  - [Vaccines](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/can-vaccines-cause-insomnia)\n  - [Hormones](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/hormonal-insomnia-symptoms)\n  - [Anxiety-Induced](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-insomnia)\n  - [Dehydration](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/dehydration-insomnia-symptoms)\n  - [In Teenagers](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/insomnia-in-teens)\n  - [Neurological Conditions](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/insomnia-neurological-causes)\n  - [Genetics](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/is-insomnia-genetic)\n  - [In Women](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/causes-of-insomnia-in-females)\n- ### Management\n  Management\n  \n  #### Related Hub\n  [![Tools for Sleep](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sleep-health-better-tools-for-better-sleep.png)Tools for Sleep Products, apps, and more to help you sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/sleep-tools)\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Taking Atihistamines](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/healthy-sleep\/antihistamine-for-sleep)\n  - [Noises for Sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pink-noise-sleep)\n  - [Postpartum](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/postpartum-insomnia)\n  - [Talking with a Doctor](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/insomnia-doctors-appointment-tips)\n  - [Best Weighted Blankets](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/choose-right-size-weighted-blanket)\n- ### Diet\n  Diet\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Drinks to Help Sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/drinks-that-help-you-sleep)\n- ### Related Conditions\n  Related Conditions\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Menopause-Related Insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/menopause\/menopause-and-insomnia)\n  - [PMS Insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/pms-insomnia)\n  - [High Blood Pressure](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/high-blood-pressure\/can-high-blood-pressure-cause-insomnia)\n  - [OCD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/ocd\/ocd-and-insomnia)\n  - [Sleep Apnea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-vs-sleep-apnea)\n- ### Complications\n  Complications\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Heart Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/how-insomnia-affects-your-heart)\n\n# What You Need to Know About Parasomnias\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Raj-Dasgupta-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Raj Dasgupta, MD]() — Written by [Kirsten Nunez]() —  [Updated on February 10, 2020]()\n\n- [Types and examples](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/parasomnia#types-and-examples)\n- [Causes](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/parasomnia#causes)\n- [In children](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/parasomnia#in-children)\n- [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/parasomnia#symptoms)\n- [Diagnosis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/parasomnia#diagnosis)\n- [Treatment](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/parasomnia#treatment)\n- [Summary](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/parasomnia#summary)\n\n## [Parasomnia definition]()\nA parasomnia is a [sleep disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/disorders) that causes abnormal behavior while sleeping. The behavior can occur during any stage of sleep, including the transition from [wakefulness to sleeping](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep-and-wakefulness) and vice versa.\n\nIf you have a parasomnia, you might move around, talk, or do unusual things during sleep. Other people might think you’re awake, but you’re actually unconscious. You typically don’t remember the incident.\n\nWhile parasomnias are common, they can make it difficult to get [restful sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/healthy-sleep). The behavior might also disrupt the sleep of other people near you.\n\nAdditionally, some parasomnias can be dangerous because you’re unaware of your surroundings. They can also have health-related side effects, such as psychological stress.\n\nLike other sleep disorders, parasomnias are treatable. Read on to learn about the causes and types of parasomnias along with treatment options.\n\n## [Parasomnia types]()\nSome parasomnias occur in the first half of the night, during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Others happen later in the night, during [REM sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-much-deep-sleep-do-you-need).\n\n### Sleepwalking\n[Sleepwalking](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/sleepwalking), or somnambulism, is when you walk around while sleeping. It’s a common parasomnia. It might also involve sleep talking or doing normal activities around the house.\n\nOften, sleepwalking occurs early in the night. It can even happen during daytime naps.\n\n### Sleep talking\nAnother common parasomnia is [sleep talking](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep-talking), also known as somniloquy. It happens when you talk while asleep.\n\nSleep talking can involve a wide range of talking, from mumbling to full conversations.\n\nUnlike sleepwalking, sleep talking can happen during any part of the night. The talking is usually easier to understand in the lighter stages of sleep.\n\n### Sleep-related groaning\nCatathrenia is groaning out loud while sleeping. Typically, it happens when you exhale slowly and deeply. The groaning can include different sounds, such as:\n\n- roaring\n- loud humming\n- high-pitched cracking sounds\n\nSleep-related groaning is often mistaken for snoring. But unlike snoring, groaning isn’t related to breathing issues.\n\n### Nightmares\n[Nightmares](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/nightmares) are troubling, intense dreams that cause anger, anxiety, or fear. If the nightmares frequently occur, it’s called nightmare disorder.\n\nThis parasomnia can make it difficult to fall back asleep. In some cases, multiple nightmares may happen in a single night.\n\nGenerally, nightmares occur during REM sleep, when you’re more likely to dream.\n\n### Night terrors\nA [night terror](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/night-terrors-in-adults), or sleep terror, causes you to suddenly wake up in a terrified state. The terror can last from 30 seconds to 5 minutes.\n\nNight terrors are also associated with:\n\n- crying\n- screaming\n- fast heart rate\n- sweating\n- skin flushing\n\nUnlike nightmares, night terrors usually involve little to no dream activity. Night terrors also typically happen in non-REM sleep.\n\n### Bedwetting\n[Bedwetting](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bedwetting), or nocturnal enuresis, is involuntarily urinating during sleep. It’s most common in children, especially in kids younger than [6 years old](https:\/\/kidshealth.org\/en\/parents\/enuresis.html).\n\nUsually, bedwetting occurs when the bladder has more urine than it can hold. Some cases don’t have an underlying cause, while others are due to conditions like [urinary tract infections](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/urinary-tract-infection-adults).\n\n### Confusional arousal\nConfusional arousal is when you wake up in a very confused state. You might have trouble understanding what you’re doing or where you are.\n\nOther behaviors include:\n\n- slow speech\n- poor memory\n- crying\n- slow reaction time\n### Teeth grinding\nIn sleep bruxism, you clench or [grind your teeth](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/teeth-grinding) while sleeping. These behaviors can cause:\n\n- tooth pain or sensitivity\n- jaw, face, or neck soreness\n- earache-like pain\n### Sleep-related eating disorder\nSleep-related eating disorder is [binge eating](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/how-to-overcome-binge-eating) and drinking during non-REM sleep. You might be partly or fully conscious.\n\nOften, binge eating episodes happen repeatedly. Specific behaviors include:\n\n- eating unusual foods (like a stick of butter) or food combinations\n- eating and drinking quickly\n- consuming toxic food, like uncooked meat\n### REM sleep behavior disorder\nIn [REM sleep behavior disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/rem-sleep-disorder) (RBD), you have vivid dreams and act them out during REM sleep.\n\nIt’s different than sleepwalking or sleep terrors, when the person is often confused. With RBD, you can usually wake up easily and remember the dream.\n\nTypical RBD behaviors include:\n\n- grabbing\n- punching\n- shouting\n- kicking\n- jumping\n### Other parasomnias\nSome parasomnias are less common. More unusual types include:\n\n- **Sleep texting.** [Sleep texting](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep-texting) is when you send a text message during sleep.\n- **Sexsomnia.** In [sexsomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep-sex), you act out sexual behaviors while sleeping.\n- **Exploding head syndrome.** When you’re about to fall asleep or wake up, you imagine a loud, sudden noise in your head.\n- **Sleep-related hallucinations.** This is a [hallucination](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hallucinations) you can see, feel, or hear. It can occur when falling asleep or waking up.\n- **Sleep-related scratching.** Scratching occurs during sleep. You might wake up with scratches, bleeding, or cuts.\n- **Sleep driving.** Though rare, it’s possible to drive while sleeping. This is a form of sleepwalking and can be very dangerous.\n\n## [Parasomnia causes]()\nThere are many possible causes of parasomnia. The disorder might be associated with multiple triggers, including:\n\n- [stress](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/stress)\n- [anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety)\n- [depression](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression)\n- [PTSD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/post-traumatic-stress-disorder)\n- substance use\n- certain medications\n- irregular sleep schedules, like [shift work](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/shift-work-sleep-disorder)\n- other sleep disorders, like [insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-concerns)\n- [sleep deprivation](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep-deprivation\/effects-on-body#1)\n- neurological conditions, like [Parkinson’s disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/parkinsons)\n\n## [Parasomnia in children]()\nParasomnia affects more children than adults. It’s most common in children who have neurological or psychiatric conditions, such as epilepsy or [ADHD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/adhd\/signs#1).\n\nCauses like stress and sleep deprivation can also trigger child parasomnia.\n\nHowever, parasomnia in children usually happens because their sleep-wake cycle is immature. This means the boundaries between wakefulness and sleep are underdeveloped, resulting in a mixed state of consciousness.\n\nMost children grow out of it by adolescence.\n\nCompared to adults, children with parasomnia might experience more crying and fear. They might be scared to go to sleep alone.\n\nIf your child has abnormal sleep behaviors, remember that they’re not doing it on purpose. Focus on being supportive instead of punishing them.\n\nFor example, if they wet the bed, encourage them to use the bathroom before bedtime.\n\n## [Parasomnia symptoms]()\nAside from the unusual behavior during sleep, parasomnia can cause other symptoms. You might:\n\n- wake up confused or disoriented\n- wake up wondering where you are\n- not remember doing certain activities\n- find unfamiliar cuts on your body\n- have difficulty sleeping throughout the night\n- feel [daytime sleepiness](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/excessive-sleepiness) or fatigue\n\n## [Diagnosing a parasomnia]()\nYour primary care doctor can help diagnose parasomnia. They’ll likely have you see a sleep specialist, who can further examine your sleeping behavior.\n\nDiagnosis often includes:\n\n- **Medical history.** Your doctor will ask about underlying medical conditions, current medications, family history, and lifestyle.\n- **Sleep history.** A sleep diary can show your sleep behavior patterns. If you live with someone, they can observe how you sleep.\n- **Polysomnogram.** In a [polysomnogram](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/polysomnography), you sleep in a lab overnight so a specialist can analyze your sleeping behavior. They’ll record your brain waves, breathing, and heart rate to make a diagnosis.\n\n## [Parasomnia treatment]()\nParasomnia treatment depends on the type and severity. Your doctor might recommend the following:\n\n### Medication\nIf your parasomnia is frequent or recurring, medication can help manage it. The best choice depends on your symptoms.\n\nExamples of medications used to treat parasomnias include:\n\n- [topiramate](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/topiramate-oral-tablet)\n- [antidepressants](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antidepressant-side-effects)\n- [dopamine agonists](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/parkinsons-disease\/dopamine-agonist)\n- [melatonin](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/melatonin)\n- levodopa\n- [benzodiazepines](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bipolar-disorder\/benzodiazepines), like clonazepam\n\nOn the other hand, if your symptoms are actually due to a certain medication, your doctor might recommend an alternative medication or different dose. Don’t stop taking a medication without your doctor’s OK.\n\n### Cognitive behavioral therapy\nCognitive [behavioral therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/behavioral-therapy) (CBT) is a common parasomnia treatment. That’s because parasomnia is often related to mental health concerns, like stress and anxiety.\n\nOther methods that may be used alongside CBT include:\n\n- psychotherapy\n- relaxation therapy\n- [hypnosis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hypnosis-for-anxiety)\n### Home treatments\nSome treatments can be done at home. Your doctor may suggest:\n\n- **Scheduled awakenings.** Scheduled awakenings are when you wake up your child about 15 to 30 minutes before they spontaneously wake up. It may help minimize behaviors that follow a certain pattern. It’s [often used](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/B9780123815224000341) for sleepwalking and night terrors.\n- **Safer sleep environments.** If you sleepwalk or have RBD, you might need to sleep alone or remove dangerous items from your home. You can also lock windows and doors, place the mattress on the floor, and sleep with extra padding.\n\n## [Takeaway]()\nParasomnia can make it hard to get quality sleep. It may also increase the risk of accidents and health problems due to lack of rest.\n\nFortunately, parasomnia is treatable, so it’s important to see a sleep doctor if you have unusual sleep behaviors. They can explore underlying causes and provide the best treatment for your symptoms.\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nHistory\n\nHealthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/process).\n\n- Bedwetting. (2018).  \n  <https:\/\/kidshealth.org\/en\/parents\/enuresis.html>\n- Byars K. (2011). Chapter 34: Scheduled awakenings: A behavioral protocol for treating sleepwalking and sleep terrors in children. Behavioral treatments for sleep disorders. DOI:  \n  <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-381522-4.00034-1>\n- Dowdell EB, et al. (2018). Interrupted sleep: College students sleeping with technology. DOI:  \n  <http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2018.1499655>\n- Fleetham JA, et al. (2014). Parasomnias. DOI:  \n  [https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1503%2Fcmaj.120808](https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1503%2Fcmaj.120808)\n- Groaning. (n.d.).  \n  <http:\/\/sleepeducation.org\/sleep-disorders-by-category\/sleep-breathing-disorders\/groaning>\n- Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017). Bruxism (teeth grinding).  \n  <https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/bruxism\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20356095>\n- Nigam G, et al. (2016). Sleep related scratching: A distinct parasomnia? DOI:  \n  [https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5664%2Fjcsm.5416](https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5664%2Fjcsm.5416)\n- Parasomnias & disruptive sleep disorders. (2017).  \n  <https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12133-parasomnias--disruptive-sleep-disorders>\n- Parasomnias. (n.d.).  \n  <http:\/\/sleepeducation.org\/sleep-disorders-by-category\/parasomnias>\n- Primary sleep disorders: Parasomnia. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/primary-sleep-disorders-parasomnia>\n- REM sleep behavior disorder — overview & facts. (n.d.).  \n  <http:\/\/sleepeducation.org\/sleep-disorders-by-category\/parasomnias\/rem-sleep-behavior-disorder\/overview-facts\/>\n- Singh S, et al. (2018). Parasomnias: A comprehensive review. DOI:  \n  [https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.7759%2Fcureus.3807](https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.7759%2Fcureus.3807)\n- Sleep talking. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/articles\/sleep-talking>\n- Sleepwalking. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/articles\/sleepwalking>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Raj-Dasgupta-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Raj Dasgupta, MD]() — Written by [Kirsten Nunez]() —  [Updated on February 10, 2020]()\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/contact-us)\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/terms-of-use)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/privacy-policy)\n- Privacy Settings\n- [Advertising Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/advertising-policy)\n\n- [Health Topics](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n- [Sitemap](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sitemap)\n- [Medical Affairs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n- [Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n- [Newsletters](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup)\n- [Your Privacy Choices](https:\/\/privacyportal.onetrust.com\/webform\/b45407c6-ee79-4a08-912e-02ce898f9a14\/2933b890-b659-41c5-86d8-a2375e0d7776)\n- © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"A parasomnia is a [sleep disorder](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/disorders) that causes abnormal behavior while sleeping. The behavior can occur during any stage of sleep, including the transition from [wakefulness to sleeping](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep-and-wakefulness) and vice versa.\n\nIf you have a parasomnia, you might move around, talk, or do unusual things during sleep. Other people might think you’re awake, but you’re actually unconscious. You typically don’t remember the incident.\n\nWhile parasomnias are common, they can make it difficult to get [restful sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/healthy-sleep). The behavior might also disrupt the sleep of other people near you.\n\nAdditionally, some parasomnias can be dangerous because you’re unaware of your surroundings. They can also have health-related side effects, such as psychological stress.\n\nLike other sleep disorders, parasomnias are treatable. Read on to learn about the causes and types of parasomnias along with treatment options.\n\nSome parasomnias occur in the first half of the night, during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Others happen later in the night, during [REM sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-much-deep-sleep-do-you-need).\n\nSleepwalking\n\n[Sleepwalking](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/sleepwalking), or somnambulism, is when you walk around while sleeping. It’s a common parasomnia. It might also involve sleep talking or doing normal activities around the house.\n\nOften, sleepwalking occurs early in the night. It can even happen during daytime naps.\n\nSleep talking\n\nAnother common parasomnia is [sleep talking](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep-talking), also known as somniloquy. It happens when you talk while asleep.\n\nSleep talking can involve a wide range of talking, from mumbling to full conversations.\n\nUnlike sleepwalking, sleep talking can happen during any part of the night. The talking is usually easier to understand in the lighter stages of sleep.\n\nSleep-related groaning\n\nCatathrenia is groaning out loud while sleeping. Typically, it happens when you exhale slowly and deeply. The groaning can include different sounds, such as:\n\n- roaring\n- loud humming\n- high-pitched cracking sounds\n\nSleep-related groaning is often mistaken for snoring. But unlike snoring, groaning isn’t related to breathing issues.\n\nNightmares\n\n[Nightmares](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/nightmares) are troubling, intense dreams that cause anger, anxiety, or fear. If the nightmares frequently occur, it’s called nightmare disorder.\n\nThis parasomnia can make it difficult to fall back asleep. In some cases, multiple nightmares may happen in a single night.\n\nGenerally, nightmares occur during REM sleep, when you’re more likely to dream.\n\nNight terrors\n\nA [night terror](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/night-terrors-in-adults), or sleep terror, causes you to suddenly wake up in a terrified state. The terror can last from 30 seconds to 5 minutes.\n\nNight terrors are also associated with:\n\n- crying\n- screaming\n- fast heart rate\n- sweating\n- skin flushing\n\nUnlike nightmares, night terrors usually involve little to no dream activity. Night terrors also typically happen in non-REM sleep.\n\nBedwetting\n\n[Bedwetting](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bedwetting), or nocturnal enuresis, is involuntarily urinating during sleep. It’s most common in children, especially in kids younger than [6 years old](https:\/\/kidshealth.org\/en\/parents\/enuresis.html).\n\nUsually, bedwetting occurs when the bladder has more urine than it can hold. Some cases don’t have an underlying cause, while others are due to conditions like [urinary tract infections](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/urinary-tract-infection-adults).\n\nConfusional arousal\n\nConfusional arousal is when you wake up in a very confused state. You might have trouble understanding what you’re doing or where you are.\n\nOther behaviors include:\n\n- slow speech\n- poor memory\n- crying\n- slow reaction time\n\nTeeth grinding\n\nIn sleep bruxism, you clench or [grind your teeth](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/teeth-grinding) while sleeping. These behaviors can cause:\n\n- tooth pain or sensitivity\n- jaw, face, or neck soreness\n- earache-like pain\n\nSleep-related eating disorder\n\nSleep-related eating disorder is [binge eating](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/how-to-overcome-binge-eating) and drinking during non-REM sleep. You might be partly or fully conscious.\n\nOften, binge eating episodes happen repeatedly. Specific behaviors include:\n\n- eating unusual foods (like a stick of butter) or food combinations\n- eating and drinking quickly\n- consuming toxic food, like uncooked meat\n\nREM sleep behavior disorder\n\nIt’s different than sleepwalking or sleep terrors, when the person is often confused. With RBD, you can usually wake up easily and remember the dream.\n\nTypical RBD behaviors include:\n\n- grabbing\n- punching\n- shouting\n- kicking\n- jumping\n\nOther parasomnias\n\nSome parasomnias are less common. More unusual types include:\n\n- **Sleep texting.** [Sleep texting](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep-texting) is when you send a text message during sleep.\n- **Sexsomnia.** In [sexsomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep-sex), you act out sexual behaviors while sleeping.\n- **Exploding head syndrome.** When you’re about to fall asleep or wake up, you imagine a loud, sudden noise in your head.\n- **Sleep-related hallucinations.** This is a [hallucination](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hallucinations) you can see, feel, or hear. It can occur when falling asleep or waking up.\n- **Sleep-related scratching.** Scratching occurs during sleep. You might wake up with scratches, bleeding, or cuts.\n- **Sleep driving.** Though rare, it’s possible to drive while sleeping. This is a form of sleepwalking and can be very dangerous.\n\nParasomnia affects more children than adults. It’s most common in children who have neurological or psychiatric conditions, such as epilepsy or [ADHD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/adhd\/signs#1).\n\nCauses like stress and sleep deprivation can also trigger child parasomnia.\n\nHowever, parasomnia in children usually happens because their sleep-wake cycle is immature. This means the boundaries between wakefulness and sleep are underdeveloped, resulting in a mixed state of consciousness.\n\nMost children grow out of it by adolescence.\n\nCompared to adults, children with parasomnia might experience more crying and fear. They might be scared to go to sleep alone.\n\nIf your child has abnormal sleep behaviors, remember that they’re not doing it on purpose. Focus on being supportive instead of punishing them.\n\nFor example, if they wet the bed, encourage them to use the bathroom before bedtime.\n\nAside from the unusual behavior during sleep, parasomnia can cause other symptoms. You might:\n\n- wake up confused or disoriented\n- wake up wondering where you are\n- not remember doing certain activities\n- find unfamiliar cuts on your body\n- have difficulty sleeping throughout the night\n- feel [daytime sleepiness](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/excessive-sleepiness) or fatigue\n\nYour primary care doctor can help diagnose parasomnia. They’ll likely have you see a sleep specialist, who can further examine your sleeping behavior.\n\nDiagnosis often includes:\n\n- **Medical history.** Your doctor will ask about underlying medical conditions, current medications, family history, and lifestyle.\n- **Sleep history.** A sleep diary can show your sleep behavior patterns. If you live with someone, they can observe how you sleep.\n- **Polysomnogram.** In a [polysomnogram](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/polysomnography), you sleep in a lab overnight so a specialist can analyze your sleeping behavior. They’ll record your brain waves, breathing, and heart rate to make a diagnosis.\n\nParasomnia treatment depends on the type and severity. Your doctor might recommend the following:\n\nMedication\n\nIf your parasomnia is frequent or recurring, medication can help manage it. The best choice depends on your symptoms.\n\nExamples of medications used to treat parasomnias include:\n\n- [topiramate](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/topiramate-oral-tablet)\n- [antidepressants](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antidepressant-side-effects)\n- [dopamine agonists](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/parkinsons-disease\/dopamine-agonist)\n- [melatonin](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/melatonin)\n- levodopa\n- [benzodiazepines](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bipolar-disorder\/benzodiazepines), like clonazepam\n\nOn the other hand, if your symptoms are actually due to a certain medication, your doctor might recommend an alternative medication or different dose. Don’t stop taking a medication without your doctor’s OK.\n\nCognitive behavioral therapy\n\nCognitive [behavioral therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/behavioral-therapy) (CBT) is a common parasomnia treatment. That’s because parasomnia is often related to mental health concerns, like stress and anxiety.\n\nOther methods that may be used alongside CBT include:\n\n- psychotherapy\n- relaxation therapy\n- [hypnosis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hypnosis-for-anxiety)\n\nHome treatments\n\nSome treatments can be done at home. Your doctor may suggest:\n\n- **Scheduled awakenings.** Scheduled awakenings are when you wake up your child about 15 to 30 minutes before they spontaneously wake up. It may help minimize behaviors that follow a certain pattern. It’s [often used](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/B9780123815224000341) for sleepwalking and night terrors.\n- **Safer sleep environments.** If you sleepwalk or have RBD, you might need to sleep alone or remove dangerous items from your home. You can also lock windows and doors, place the mattress on the floor, and sleep with extra padding.\n\nParasomnia can make it hard to get quality sleep. It may also increase the risk of accidents and health problems due to lack of rest.\n\nFortunately, parasomnia is treatable, so it’s important to see a sleep doctor if you have unusual sleep behaviors. They can explore underlying causes and provide the best treatment for your symptoms.","meta_canonical":null}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

12 days ago

🤖

ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	0.4 months ago
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

Property	Value
URL	https://www.healthline.com/health/parasomnia
Last Crawled	2026-04-01 21:43:23 (12 days ago)
First Indexed	2020-03-05 12:56:45 (6 years ago)
HTTP Status Code	200
Meta Title	Parasomnia (Sleep Disorder): Symptoms, Causes, Types, Treatment
Meta Description	Parasomnia can make it hard to get quality sleep. It may also increase the risk of accidents and health problems due to lack of rest. Here are some of the common types and how they're treated.
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	A parasomnia is a sleep disorder that causes abnormal behavior while sleeping. The behavior can occur during any stage of sleep, including the transition from wakefulness to sleeping and vice versa. If you have a parasomnia, you might move around, talk, or do unusual things during sleep. Other people might think you’re awake, but you’re actually unconscious. You typically don’t remember the incident. While parasomnias are common, they can make it difficult to get restful sleep . The behavior might also disrupt the sleep of other people near you. Additionally, some parasomnias can be dangerous because you’re unaware of your surroundings. They can also have health-related side effects, such as psychological stress. Like other sleep disorders, parasomnias are treatable. Read on to learn about the causes and types of parasomnias along with treatment options. Some parasomnias occur in the first half of the night, during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Others happen later in the night, during REM sleep . Sleepwalking Sleepwalking , or somnambulism, is when you walk around while sleeping. It’s a common parasomnia. It might also involve sleep talking or doing normal activities around the house. Often, sleepwalking occurs early in the night. It can even happen during daytime naps. Sleep talking Another common parasomnia is sleep talking , also known as somniloquy. It happens when you talk while asleep. Sleep talking can involve a wide range of talking, from mumbling to full conversations. Unlike sleepwalking, sleep talking can happen during any part of the night. The talking is usually easier to understand in the lighter stages of sleep. Sleep-related groaning Catathrenia is groaning out loud while sleeping. Typically, it happens when you exhale slowly and deeply. The groaning can include different sounds, such as: roaring loud humming high-pitched cracking sounds Sleep-related groaning is often mistaken for snoring. But unlike snoring, groaning isn’t related to breathing issues. Nightmares Nightmares are troubling, intense dreams that cause anger, anxiety, or fear. If the nightmares frequently occur, it’s called nightmare disorder. This parasomnia can make it difficult to fall back asleep. In some cases, multiple nightmares may happen in a single night. Generally, nightmares occur during REM sleep, when you’re more likely to dream. Night terrors A night terror , or sleep terror, causes you to suddenly wake up in a terrified state. The terror can last from 30 seconds to 5 minutes. Night terrors are also associated with: crying screaming fast heart rate sweating skin flushing Unlike nightmares, night terrors usually involve little to no dream activity. Night terrors also typically happen in non-REM sleep. Bedwetting Bedwetting , or nocturnal enuresis, is involuntarily urinating during sleep. It’s most common in children, especially in kids younger than 6 years old . Usually, bedwetting occurs when the bladder has more urine than it can hold. Some cases don’t have an underlying cause, while others are due to conditions like urinary tract infections . Confusional arousal Confusional arousal is when you wake up in a very confused state. You might have trouble understanding what you’re doing or where you are. Other behaviors include: slow speech poor memory crying slow reaction time Teeth grinding In sleep bruxism, you clench or grind your teeth while sleeping. These behaviors can cause: tooth pain or sensitivity jaw, face, or neck soreness earache-like pain Sleep-related eating disorder Sleep-related eating disorder is binge eating and drinking during non-REM sleep. You might be partly or fully conscious. Often, binge eating episodes happen repeatedly. Specific behaviors include: eating unusual foods (like a stick of butter) or food combinations eating and drinking quickly consuming toxic food, like uncooked meat REM sleep behavior disorder It’s different than sleepwalking or sleep terrors, when the person is often confused. With RBD, you can usually wake up easily and remember the dream. Typical RBD behaviors include: grabbing punching shouting kicking jumping Other parasomnias Some parasomnias are less common. More unusual types include: Sleep texting. Sleep texting is when you send a text message during sleep. Sexsomnia. In sexsomnia , you act out sexual behaviors while sleeping. Exploding head syndrome. When you’re about to fall asleep or wake up, you imagine a loud, sudden noise in your head. Sleep-related hallucinations. This is a hallucination you can see, feel, or hear. It can occur when falling asleep or waking up. Sleep-related scratching. Scratching occurs during sleep. You might wake up with scratches, bleeding, or cuts. Sleep driving. Though rare, it’s possible to drive while sleeping. This is a form of sleepwalking and can be very dangerous. Parasomnia affects more children than adults. It’s most common in children who have neurological or psychiatric conditions, such as epilepsy or ADHD . Causes like stress and sleep deprivation can also trigger child parasomnia. However, parasomnia in children usually happens because their sleep-wake cycle is immature. This means the boundaries between wakefulness and sleep are underdeveloped, resulting in a mixed state of consciousness. Most children grow out of it by adolescence. Compared to adults, children with parasomnia might experience more crying and fear. They might be scared to go to sleep alone. If your child has abnormal sleep behaviors, remember that they’re not doing it on purpose. Focus on being supportive instead of punishing them. For example, if they wet the bed, encourage them to use the bathroom before bedtime. Aside from the unusual behavior during sleep, parasomnia can cause other symptoms. You might: wake up confused or disoriented wake up wondering where you are not remember doing certain activities find unfamiliar cuts on your body have difficulty sleeping throughout the night feel daytime sleepiness or fatigue Your primary care doctor can help diagnose parasomnia. They’ll likely have you see a sleep specialist, who can further examine your sleeping behavior. Diagnosis often includes: Medical history. Your doctor will ask about underlying medical conditions, current medications, family history, and lifestyle. Sleep history. A sleep diary can show your sleep behavior patterns. If you live with someone, they can observe how you sleep. Polysomnogram. In a polysomnogram , you sleep in a lab overnight so a specialist can analyze your sleeping behavior. They’ll record your brain waves, breathing, and heart rate to make a diagnosis. Parasomnia treatment depends on the type and severity. Your doctor might recommend the following: Medication If your parasomnia is frequent or recurring, medication can help manage it. The best choice depends on your symptoms. Examples of medications used to treat parasomnias include: topiramate antidepressants dopamine agonists melatonin levodopa benzodiazepines , like clonazepam On the other hand, if your symptoms are actually due to a certain medication, your doctor might recommend an alternative medication or different dose. Don’t stop taking a medication without your doctor’s OK. Cognitive behavioral therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common parasomnia treatment. That’s because parasomnia is often related to mental health concerns, like stress and anxiety. Other methods that may be used alongside CBT include: psychotherapy relaxation therapy hypnosis Home treatments Some treatments can be done at home. Your doctor may suggest: Scheduled awakenings. Scheduled awakenings are when you wake up your child about 15 to 30 minutes before they spontaneously wake up. It may help minimize behaviors that follow a certain pattern. It’s often used for sleepwalking and night terrors. Safer sleep environments. If you sleepwalk or have RBD, you might need to sleep alone or remove dangerous items from your home. You can also lock windows and doors, place the mattress on the floor, and sleep with extra padding. Parasomnia can make it hard to get quality sleep. It may also increase the risk of accidents and health problems due to lack of rest. Fortunately, parasomnia is treatable, so it’s important to see a sleep doctor if you have unusual sleep behaviors. They can explore underlying causes and provide the best treatment for your symptoms.
Markdown	- Health Conditions Health Conditions [All](https://www.healthline.com/directory/topics) - [Breast Cancer](https://www.healthline.com/breast-cancer) - [Cancer Care](https://www.healthline.com/cancer-care) - [Caregiving for Alzheimer's Disease](https://www.healthline.com/alzheimers-disease) - [Chronic Kidney Disease](https://www.healthline.com/ckd) - [Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)](https://www.healthline.com/copd) - [Digestive Health](https://www.healthline.com/digestive-health) - [Eye Health](https://www.healthline.com/eye-health) - [Heart Health](https://www.healthline.com/heart-health) - [Menopause](https://www.healthline.com/menopause) - [Mental Health](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health) - [Migraine](https://www.healthline.com/migraine) - [Multiple Sclerosis (MS)](https://www.healthline.com/multiple-sclerosis) - [Parkinson’s Disease](https://www.healthline.com/parkinsons-disease) - [Psoriasis](https://www.healthline.com/psoriasis) - [Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)](https://www.healthline.com/rheumatoid-arthritis) - [Sleep Health](https://www.healthline.com/sleep) - [Type 2 Diabetes](https://www.healthline.com/type-2-diabetes) - [Weight Management](https://www.healthline.com/weight-management) Condition Spotlight [All](https://www.healthline.com/sponsored-topics) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/navigation-icons-_controlling-ulcerative-colitis-236x236_360.png) Controlling Ulcerative Colitis](https://www.healthline.com/program/controlling-uc) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/navigation-icons_navigating-life-with-biopolar-236x236-1.png) Navigating Life with Bipolar Disorder](https://www.healthline.com/program/navigating-life-with-bipolar-disorder) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/navigation-icons-_mastering-your-geographic-atrophy-236x236_360.png) Mastering Geographic Atrophy](https://www.healthline.com/program/mastering-your-geographic-atrophy-care) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/navigation-icons_managing-type-2-diabetes-236x236-1.png) Managing Type 2 Diabetes](https://www.healthline.com/program/managing-type-2-diabetes-with-food-and-fitness) - Wellness Wellness Topics [All](https://www.healthline.com/wellness) - [CBD](https://www.healthline.com/cbd) - [Fitness](https://www.healthline.com/fitness) - [Healthy Aging](https://www.healthline.com/healthy-aging) - [Hearing](https://www.healthline.com/hearing-health) - [Mental Well-Being](https://www.healthline.com/mental-health) - [Nutrition](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition) - [Parenthood](https://www.healthline.com/parenthood) - [Recipes](https://www.healthline.com/recipes) - [Sexual Health](https://www.healthline.com/sexual-health) - [Skin Care](https://www.healthline.com/skincare) - [Sleep Health](https://www.healthline.com/sleep) - [Vitamins and Supplements](https://www.healthline.com/vitamins-supplements) - [Women's Wellness](https://www.healthline.com/program/womens-wellness) Product Reviews [All](https://www.healthline.com/reviews) - [At-Home Testing](https://www.healthline.com/reviews/at-home-tests) - [Men's Health](https://www.healthline.com/reviews/mens-health-products) - [Mental Health](https://www.healthline.com/reviews/mental-health-services-and-products) - [Nutrition](https://www.healthline.com/reviews/nutrition-products) - [Sleep](https://www.healthline.com/reviews/sleep-products) - [Vitamins and Supplements](https://www.healthline.com/reviews/vitamin-and-supplement-products) - [Women's Health](https://www.healthline.com/reviews/womens-health-products) Featured Programs [All](https://www.healthline.com/sponsored-topics) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/HL_Dexcom-Stelo_Key-Art_Circular-Thumbnail_236x236.png) Your Guide to Glucose Health](https://www.healthline.com/program/your-guide-to-glucose-health) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/navigation-icons-_understanding-inflammation-and-aging-236x236_360.png) Inflammation and Aging](https://www.healthline.com/program/understanding-inflammation-and-aging) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/navigation-icons-_cold-and-flu-236x236_360.png) Cold & Flu Season Survival Guide](https://www.healthline.com/program/cold-flu-survival-guide) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/navigation-icons_shes-good-for-real-236x236-1.png) She’s Good for Real](https://www.healthline.com/program/shes-good-for-real) - Tools Featured - [Video Series](https://www.healthline.com/video) - [Pill Identifier](https://www.healthline.com/pill-identifier) - [FindCare](https://care.healthline.com/find-care) - [Drugs A-Z](https://www.healthline.com/drugs) - [Medicare Plans by State](https://www.healthline.com/about/health-medicare-state-coverage) Lessons [All](https://learn.healthline.com/) - [Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis Essentials](https://www.healthline.com/app/inflammatory-bowel-disease?utm_source=lessonshome) - [Diabetes Nutrition](https://www.healthline.com/app/type-2-diabetes?utm_source=lessonshome) - [High Cholesterol](https://www.healthline.com/app/high-cholesterol?utm_source=lessonshome) - [Taming Inflammation in Psoriasis](https://www.healthline.com/app/pso-inflammation?utm_source=lessonshome) - [Taming Inflammation in Psoriatic Arthritis](https://www.healthline.com/app/psa-inflammation?utm_source=lessonshome) Newsletters [All](https://www.healthline.com/newsletter-signup) - [Anxiety and Depression](https://www.healthline.com/newsletter-signup/anxiety-and-depression) - [Digestive Health](https://www.healthline.com/newsletter-signup/ibd) - [Heart Health](https://www.healthline.com/newsletter-signup/heart-health) - [Migraine](https://www.healthline.com/newsletter-signup/migraine) - [Nutrition Edition](https://www.healthline.com/newsletter-signup/nutrition) - [Type 2 Diabetes](https://www.healthline.com/newsletter-signup/type-2-diabetes) - [Wellness Wire](https://www.healthline.com/newsletter-signup/wellness-wire) Lifestyle Quizzes - [Find a Diet](https://activation.healthline.com/assessment/assessment/diets/prompt/1?v=1&tc=120226&subid=hl_dietfinder_1_) - [Find Healthy Snacks](https://activation.healthline.com/assessment/assessment/pregnancy-snacks/prompt/1?v=1) - [Weight Management](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/weight-management-quiz) - [How Well Do You Sleep?](https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sleep/quiz-how-well-do-you-sleep#1) - [Are You a Workaholic?](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/quiz-are-you-a-workaholic#quiz-are-you-a-workaholic) - Featured Health News [All](https://www.healthline.com/health-news) - [Medicare 2026 Changes](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/medicare-open-enrollment-2026-key-changes) - [Can 6-6-6 Walking Workout Help You Lose Weight?](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/666-walking-trend-weight-loss) - [This Couple Lost 118 Pounds Together Without Medication](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/married-couple-loses-119-pounds-together-without-meds) - [5 Science-Backed Ways to Live a Longer Life](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/healthy-ways-to-improve-longevity) - [Morning Coffee May Help You Live Longer](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/morning-coffee-heart-health-benefits) This Just In - [5 Tips for a Healthy Lifestyle](https://www.healthline.com/health/fitness-nutrition/healthy-lifestyle-benefits) - [How to Disinfect Your House After the Flu](https://www.healthline.com/health/flu/how-to-disinfect-house-after-flu) - [Best Vegan and Plant-Based Meal Delivery for 2025](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/plant-based-meal-delivery) - [Does Medicare Cover Pneumonia Shots?](https://www.healthline.com/health/medicare/does-medicare-cover-pneumonia-shots) - [Chromosomes, Genetics, and Your Health](https://www.healthline.com/health/chromosomes-and-genetics) Top Reads - [Best Multivitamins for Women](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/multivitamins-womens-health) - [Best Multivitamins for Men](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/best-multivitamins-for-men) - [Best Online Therapy Services](https://www.healthline.com/health/our-top-10-online-therapy-picks) - [Online Therapy That Takes Insurance](https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/online-therapy-that-takes-insurance) - [Buy Ozempic Online](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/buy-ozempic-online) - [Mounjaro Overview](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/mounjaro) Video Series - [Youth in Focus](https://www.healthline.com/health/video/youth-in-focus) - [Healthy Harvest](https://www.healthline.com/health/nutrition/video/healthy-harvest#1) - [Through an Artist's Eye](https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer/metastatic-breast-cancer-artist-eye) - [Future of Health](https://www.healthline.com/health/video/future-of-health) - Connect Find Your Bezzy Community Bezzy communities provide meaningful connections with others living with chronic conditions. Join Bezzy on the web or mobile app. [All](https://www.bezzy.com/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=nav-bar-connections) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Bezzy-Inflammatory-Bowel-Disease.png) Inflammatory Bowel Disease](https://www.bezzyibd.com/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Bezzy-Multiple-Sclerosis.png) Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.bezzyms.com/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Bezzy-DEP-Icon-Circle.png) Depression](https://www.bezzydepression.com/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Bezzy-MIG-Icon-Circle.png) Migraine](https://www.bezzymigraine.com/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Bezzy-T2D-Icon-Circle.png) Type 2 Diabetes](https://www.bezzyt2d.com/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections) - [![](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Bezzy-PsO.png) Psoriasis](https://www.bezzypsoriasis.com/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections) Follow us on social media Can't get enough? Connect with us for all things health. Subscribe [Sleep](https://www.healthline.com/sleep) - Disorders - [Sleep Disorders](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/disorders) - [Insomnia](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/disorders/insomnia) - [Sleep Apnea](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/disorders/sleep-apnea) - [Restless Leg Syndrome](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/disorders/restless-leg-syndrome) - [Narcolepsy](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/disorders/narcolepsy) - [Better Sleep](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/better-sleep) - [Tools](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/sleep-tools) - [Holistic Health](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/holistic-health) - [Mental Well-Being](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/mental-well-being) - [Snoring Management](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/snoring) - [Medication and Treatments](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/treatment) - [Dreams](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/dreams) - [Types of Sleepers](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/types) - [Science](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/science) - [Product Reviews](https://www.healthline.com/reviews/sleep-products) - [News](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/news) Explore more in - Treatment - Types - Prognosis - Symptoms - Diagnosis - Causes & Risk Factors - Management - Diet - Related Conditions - Complications Insomnia #### Related Hubs [![Sleep Health](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Sleep-health.png)Sleep Health Routines and tips for healthier sleep](https://www.healthline.com/sleep) [![Sleep Disorders](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Sleep-health-sleep-disorders.png)Sleep Disorders Here's all you need to know about sleep disorders, irregular sleep schedules, insomnia, when to see a specialist, and more.](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/disorders) #### Related Topics - ### Treatment Treatment #### Related Hub [![Medication & Treatments](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Sleep-health-medication.png)Medication & Treatments A guide to medications and treatments for sleep management](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/treatment) #### Related Articles - [Treatment](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/how-to-cure-insomnia-in-12-minutes) - [Treatment](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-treatments) - [Chronic](https://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-insomnia) - [Specialists](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-doctors) - ### Types Types #### Related Articles - [Types](https://www.healthline.com/health/types-of-insomnia) - [Paradoxical Insomnia](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/paradoxical-insomnia) - [Sporadic Fatal](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/sporadic-fatal-insomnia) - [Middle](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/middle-insomnia) - ### Prognosis Prognosis #### Related Articles - [Outlook](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/infographic-facts-stats-on-insomnia) - ### Symptoms Symptoms #### Related Articles - [Effects on the Body](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-concerns) - [Difficulty Sleeping](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleeping-difficulty) - ### Diagnosis Diagnosis #### Related Articles - [Diagnosis](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/do-i-have-insomnia) - [Waking Up Too Early](https://www.healthline.com/health/waking-up-too-early) - [Typical Time to Fall Asleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sleep/how-long-does-it-take-to-fall-asleep) - [Light Sleepers](https://www.healthline.com/health/light-sleeper) - [In Men](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-in-men) - ### Causes & Risk Factors Causes & Risk Factors #### Related Articles - [Causes and Risk Factors](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-causes) - [After Surgery](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-after-surgery) - [Vaccines](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/can-vaccines-cause-insomnia) - [Hormones](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/hormonal-insomnia-symptoms) - [Anxiety-Induced](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety-insomnia) - [Dehydration](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/dehydration-insomnia-symptoms) - [In Teenagers](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/insomnia-in-teens) - [Neurological Conditions](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/insomnia-neurological-causes) - [Genetics](https://www.healthline.com/health/is-insomnia-genetic) - [In Women](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/causes-of-insomnia-in-females) - ### Management Management #### Related Hub [![Tools for Sleep](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Sleep-health-better-tools-for-better-sleep.png)Tools for Sleep Products, apps, and more to help you sleep](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/sleep-tools) #### Related Articles - [Taking Atihistamines](https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sleep/antihistamine-for-sleep) - [Noises for Sleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/pink-noise-sleep) - [Postpartum](https://www.healthline.com/health/postpartum-insomnia) - [Talking with a Doctor](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/insomnia-doctors-appointment-tips) - [Best Weighted Blankets](https://www.healthline.com/health/choose-right-size-weighted-blanket) - ### Diet Diet #### Related Articles - [Drinks to Help Sleep](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/drinks-that-help-you-sleep) - ### Related Conditions Related Conditions #### Related Articles - [Menopause-Related Insomnia](https://www.healthline.com/health/menopause/menopause-and-insomnia) - [PMS Insomnia](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/pms-insomnia) - [High Blood Pressure](https://www.healthline.com/health/high-blood-pressure/can-high-blood-pressure-cause-insomnia) - [OCD](https://www.healthline.com/health/ocd/ocd-and-insomnia) - [Sleep Apnea](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-vs-sleep-apnea) - ### Complications Complications #### Related Articles - [Heart Health](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/how-insomnia-affects-your-heart) # What You Need to Know About Parasomnias ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Raj-Dasgupta-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Raj Dasgupta, MD]() — Written by [Kirsten Nunez]() — [Updated on February 10, 2020]() - [Types and examples](https://www.healthline.com/health/parasomnia#types-and-examples) - [Causes](https://www.healthline.com/health/parasomnia#causes) - [In children](https://www.healthline.com/health/parasomnia#in-children) - [Symptoms](https://www.healthline.com/health/parasomnia#symptoms) - [Diagnosis](https://www.healthline.com/health/parasomnia#diagnosis) - [Treatment](https://www.healthline.com/health/parasomnia#treatment) - [Summary](https://www.healthline.com/health/parasomnia#summary) ## [Parasomnia definition]() A parasomnia is a [sleep disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/disorders) that causes abnormal behavior while sleeping. The behavior can occur during any stage of sleep, including the transition from [wakefulness to sleeping](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-and-wakefulness) and vice versa. If you have a parasomnia, you might move around, talk, or do unusual things during sleep. Other people might think you’re awake, but you’re actually unconscious. You typically don’t remember the incident. While parasomnias are common, they can make it difficult to get [restful sleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sleep). The behavior might also disrupt the sleep of other people near you. Additionally, some parasomnias can be dangerous because you’re unaware of your surroundings. They can also have health-related side effects, such as psychological stress. Like other sleep disorders, parasomnias are treatable. Read on to learn about the causes and types of parasomnias along with treatment options. ## [Parasomnia types]() Some parasomnias occur in the first half of the night, during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Others happen later in the night, during [REM sleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-much-deep-sleep-do-you-need). ### Sleepwalking [Sleepwalking](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/sleepwalking), or somnambulism, is when you walk around while sleeping. It’s a common parasomnia. It might also involve sleep talking or doing normal activities around the house. Often, sleepwalking occurs early in the night. It can even happen during daytime naps. ### Sleep talking Another common parasomnia is [sleep talking](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-talking), also known as somniloquy. It happens when you talk while asleep. Sleep talking can involve a wide range of talking, from mumbling to full conversations. Unlike sleepwalking, sleep talking can happen during any part of the night. The talking is usually easier to understand in the lighter stages of sleep. ### Sleep-related groaning Catathrenia is groaning out loud while sleeping. Typically, it happens when you exhale slowly and deeply. The groaning can include different sounds, such as: - roaring - loud humming - high-pitched cracking sounds Sleep-related groaning is often mistaken for snoring. But unlike snoring, groaning isn’t related to breathing issues. ### Nightmares [Nightmares](https://www.healthline.com/health/nightmares) are troubling, intense dreams that cause anger, anxiety, or fear. If the nightmares frequently occur, it’s called nightmare disorder. This parasomnia can make it difficult to fall back asleep. In some cases, multiple nightmares may happen in a single night. Generally, nightmares occur during REM sleep, when you’re more likely to dream. ### Night terrors A [night terror](https://www.healthline.com/health/night-terrors-in-adults), or sleep terror, causes you to suddenly wake up in a terrified state. The terror can last from 30 seconds to 5 minutes. Night terrors are also associated with: - crying - screaming - fast heart rate - sweating - skin flushing Unlike nightmares, night terrors usually involve little to no dream activity. Night terrors also typically happen in non-REM sleep. ### Bedwetting [Bedwetting](https://www.healthline.com/health/bedwetting), or nocturnal enuresis, is involuntarily urinating during sleep. It’s most common in children, especially in kids younger than [6 years old](https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/enuresis.html). Usually, bedwetting occurs when the bladder has more urine than it can hold. Some cases don’t have an underlying cause, while others are due to conditions like [urinary tract infections](https://www.healthline.com/health/urinary-tract-infection-adults). ### Confusional arousal Confusional arousal is when you wake up in a very confused state. You might have trouble understanding what you’re doing or where you are. Other behaviors include: - slow speech - poor memory - crying - slow reaction time ### Teeth grinding In sleep bruxism, you clench or [grind your teeth](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/teeth-grinding) while sleeping. These behaviors can cause: - tooth pain or sensitivity - jaw, face, or neck soreness - earache-like pain ### Sleep-related eating disorder Sleep-related eating disorder is [binge eating](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-to-overcome-binge-eating) and drinking during non-REM sleep. You might be partly or fully conscious. Often, binge eating episodes happen repeatedly. Specific behaviors include: - eating unusual foods (like a stick of butter) or food combinations - eating and drinking quickly - consuming toxic food, like uncooked meat ### REM sleep behavior disorder In [REM sleep behavior disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/rem-sleep-disorder) (RBD), you have vivid dreams and act them out during REM sleep. It’s different than sleepwalking or sleep terrors, when the person is often confused. With RBD, you can usually wake up easily and remember the dream. Typical RBD behaviors include: - grabbing - punching - shouting - kicking - jumping ### Other parasomnias Some parasomnias are less common. More unusual types include: - Sleep texting. [Sleep texting](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-texting) is when you send a text message during sleep. - Sexsomnia. In [sexsomnia](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-sex), you act out sexual behaviors while sleeping. - Exploding head syndrome. When you’re about to fall asleep or wake up, you imagine a loud, sudden noise in your head. - Sleep-related hallucinations. This is a [hallucination](https://www.healthline.com/health/hallucinations) you can see, feel, or hear. It can occur when falling asleep or waking up. - Sleep-related scratching. Scratching occurs during sleep. You might wake up with scratches, bleeding, or cuts. - Sleep driving. Though rare, it’s possible to drive while sleeping. This is a form of sleepwalking and can be very dangerous. ## [Parasomnia causes]() There are many possible causes of parasomnia. The disorder might be associated with multiple triggers, including: - [stress](https://www.healthline.com/health/stress) - [anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety) - [depression](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression) - [PTSD](https://www.healthline.com/health/post-traumatic-stress-disorder) - substance use - certain medications - irregular sleep schedules, like [shift work](https://www.healthline.com/health/shift-work-sleep-disorder) - other sleep disorders, like [insomnia](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-concerns) - [sleep deprivation](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-deprivation/effects-on-body#1) - neurological conditions, like [Parkinson’s disease](https://www.healthline.com/health/parkinsons) ## [Parasomnia in children]() Parasomnia affects more children than adults. It’s most common in children who have neurological or psychiatric conditions, such as epilepsy or [ADHD](https://www.healthline.com/health/adhd/signs#1). Causes like stress and sleep deprivation can also trigger child parasomnia. However, parasomnia in children usually happens because their sleep-wake cycle is immature. This means the boundaries between wakefulness and sleep are underdeveloped, resulting in a mixed state of consciousness. Most children grow out of it by adolescence. Compared to adults, children with parasomnia might experience more crying and fear. They might be scared to go to sleep alone. If your child has abnormal sleep behaviors, remember that they’re not doing it on purpose. Focus on being supportive instead of punishing them. For example, if they wet the bed, encourage them to use the bathroom before bedtime. ## [Parasomnia symptoms]() Aside from the unusual behavior during sleep, parasomnia can cause other symptoms. You might: - wake up confused or disoriented - wake up wondering where you are - not remember doing certain activities - find unfamiliar cuts on your body - have difficulty sleeping throughout the night - feel [daytime sleepiness](https://www.healthline.com/health/excessive-sleepiness) or fatigue ## [Diagnosing a parasomnia]() Your primary care doctor can help diagnose parasomnia. They’ll likely have you see a sleep specialist, who can further examine your sleeping behavior. Diagnosis often includes: - Medical history. Your doctor will ask about underlying medical conditions, current medications, family history, and lifestyle. - Sleep history. A sleep diary can show your sleep behavior patterns. If you live with someone, they can observe how you sleep. - Polysomnogram. In a [polysomnogram](https://www.healthline.com/health/polysomnography), you sleep in a lab overnight so a specialist can analyze your sleeping behavior. They’ll record your brain waves, breathing, and heart rate to make a diagnosis. ## [Parasomnia treatment]() Parasomnia treatment depends on the type and severity. Your doctor might recommend the following: ### Medication If your parasomnia is frequent or recurring, medication can help manage it. The best choice depends on your symptoms. Examples of medications used to treat parasomnias include: - [topiramate](https://www.healthline.com/health/topiramate-oral-tablet) - [antidepressants](https://www.healthline.com/health/antidepressant-side-effects) - [dopamine agonists](https://www.healthline.com/health/parkinsons-disease/dopamine-agonist) - [melatonin](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/melatonin) - levodopa - [benzodiazepines](https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/benzodiazepines), like clonazepam On the other hand, if your symptoms are actually due to a certain medication, your doctor might recommend an alternative medication or different dose. Don’t stop taking a medication without your doctor’s OK. ### Cognitive behavioral therapy Cognitive [behavioral therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/behavioral-therapy) (CBT) is a common parasomnia treatment. That’s because parasomnia is often related to mental health concerns, like stress and anxiety. Other methods that may be used alongside CBT include: - psychotherapy - relaxation therapy - [hypnosis](https://www.healthline.com/health/hypnosis-for-anxiety) ### Home treatments Some treatments can be done at home. Your doctor may suggest: - Scheduled awakenings. Scheduled awakenings are when you wake up your child about 15 to 30 minutes before they spontaneously wake up. It may help minimize behaviors that follow a certain pattern. It’s [often used](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123815224000341) for sleepwalking and night terrors. - Safer sleep environments. If you sleepwalk or have RBD, you might need to sleep alone or remove dangerous items from your home. You can also lock windows and doors, place the mattress on the floor, and sleep with extra padding. ## [Takeaway]() Parasomnia can make it hard to get quality sleep. It may also increase the risk of accidents and health problems due to lack of rest. Fortunately, parasomnia is treatable, so it’s important to see a sleep doctor if you have unusual sleep behaviors. They can explore underlying causes and provide the best treatment for your symptoms. ### How we reviewed this article: Sources History Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.healthline.com/about/process). - Bedwetting. (2018). <https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/enuresis.html> - Byars K. (2011). Chapter 34: Scheduled awakenings: A behavioral protocol for treating sleepwalking and sleep terrors in children. Behavioral treatments for sleep disorders. DOI: <https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-381522-4.00034-1> - Dowdell EB, et al. (2018). Interrupted sleep: College students sleeping with technology. DOI: <http://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1499655> - Fleetham JA, et al. (2014). Parasomnias. DOI: [https://dx.doi.org/10.1503%2Fcmaj.120808](https://dx.doi.org/10.1503%2Fcmaj.120808) - Groaning. (n.d.). <http://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders-by-category/sleep-breathing-disorders/groaning> - Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017). Bruxism (teeth grinding). <https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bruxism/symptoms-causes/syc-20356095> - Nigam G, et al. (2016). Sleep related scratching: A distinct parasomnia? DOI: [https://dx.doi.org/10.5664%2Fjcsm.5416](https://dx.doi.org/10.5664%2Fjcsm.5416) - Parasomnias & disruptive sleep disorders. (2017). <https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12133-parasomnias--disruptive-sleep-disorders> - Parasomnias. (n.d.). <http://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders-by-category/parasomnias> - Primary sleep disorders: Parasomnia. (n.d.). <https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/primary-sleep-disorders-parasomnia> - REM sleep behavior disorder — overview & facts. (n.d.). <http://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders-by-category/parasomnias/rem-sleep-behavior-disorder/overview-facts/> - Singh S, et al. (2018). Parasomnias: A comprehensive review. DOI: [https://dx.doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.3807](https://dx.doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.3807) - Sleep talking. (n.d.). <https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/sleep-talking> - Sleepwalking. (n.d.). <https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/sleepwalking> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Raj-Dasgupta-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Raj Dasgupta, MD]() — Written by [Kirsten Nunez]() — [Updated on February 10, 2020]() © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https://www.healthline.com/additional-information). - [About Us](https://www.healthline.com/about) - [Contact Us](https://www.healthline.com/about/contact-us) - [Terms of Use](https://www.healthline.com/terms-of-use) - [Privacy Policy](https://www.healthline.com/privacy-policy) - Privacy Settings - [Advertising Policy](https://www.healthline.com/advertising-policy) - [Health Topics](https://www.healthline.com/directory/topics) - [Sitemap](https://www.healthline.com/sitemap) - [Medical Affairs](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) - [Content Integrity](https://www.healthline.com/about/content-integrity) - [Newsletters](https://www.healthline.com/newsletter-signup) - [Your Privacy Choices](https://privacyportal.onetrust.com/webform/b45407c6-ee79-4a08-912e-02ce898f9a14/2933b890-b659-41c5-86d8-a2375e0d7776) - © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https://www.healthline.com/additional-information). © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https://www.healthline.com/additional-information). [About](https://www.healthlinemedia.com/?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https://rvohealth.com/careers)[Advertise with us](https://www.healthlinemedia.com/advertise?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise) OUR BRANDS [Healthline](https://www.healthline.com/)[Medical News Today](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/)[Greatist](https://greatist.com/)[Psych Central](https://psychcentral.com/)[Bezzy](https://bezzy.com/) ![](http://b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)
Readable Markdown	A parasomnia is a [sleep disorder](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/disorders) that causes abnormal behavior while sleeping. The behavior can occur during any stage of sleep, including the transition from [wakefulness to sleeping](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-and-wakefulness) and vice versa. If you have a parasomnia, you might move around, talk, or do unusual things during sleep. Other people might think you’re awake, but you’re actually unconscious. You typically don’t remember the incident. While parasomnias are common, they can make it difficult to get [restful sleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sleep). The behavior might also disrupt the sleep of other people near you. Additionally, some parasomnias can be dangerous because you’re unaware of your surroundings. They can also have health-related side effects, such as psychological stress. Like other sleep disorders, parasomnias are treatable. Read on to learn about the causes and types of parasomnias along with treatment options. Some parasomnias occur in the first half of the night, during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Others happen later in the night, during [REM sleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-much-deep-sleep-do-you-need). Sleepwalking [Sleepwalking](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/sleepwalking), or somnambulism, is when you walk around while sleeping. It’s a common parasomnia. It might also involve sleep talking or doing normal activities around the house. Often, sleepwalking occurs early in the night. It can even happen during daytime naps. Sleep talking Another common parasomnia is [sleep talking](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-talking), also known as somniloquy. It happens when you talk while asleep. Sleep talking can involve a wide range of talking, from mumbling to full conversations. Unlike sleepwalking, sleep talking can happen during any part of the night. The talking is usually easier to understand in the lighter stages of sleep. Sleep-related groaning Catathrenia is groaning out loud while sleeping. Typically, it happens when you exhale slowly and deeply. The groaning can include different sounds, such as: - roaring - loud humming - high-pitched cracking sounds Sleep-related groaning is often mistaken for snoring. But unlike snoring, groaning isn’t related to breathing issues. Nightmares [Nightmares](https://www.healthline.com/health/nightmares) are troubling, intense dreams that cause anger, anxiety, or fear. If the nightmares frequently occur, it’s called nightmare disorder. This parasomnia can make it difficult to fall back asleep. In some cases, multiple nightmares may happen in a single night. Generally, nightmares occur during REM sleep, when you’re more likely to dream. Night terrors A [night terror](https://www.healthline.com/health/night-terrors-in-adults), or sleep terror, causes you to suddenly wake up in a terrified state. The terror can last from 30 seconds to 5 minutes. Night terrors are also associated with: - crying - screaming - fast heart rate - sweating - skin flushing Unlike nightmares, night terrors usually involve little to no dream activity. Night terrors also typically happen in non-REM sleep. Bedwetting [Bedwetting](https://www.healthline.com/health/bedwetting), or nocturnal enuresis, is involuntarily urinating during sleep. It’s most common in children, especially in kids younger than [6 years old](https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/enuresis.html). Usually, bedwetting occurs when the bladder has more urine than it can hold. Some cases don’t have an underlying cause, while others are due to conditions like [urinary tract infections](https://www.healthline.com/health/urinary-tract-infection-adults). Confusional arousal Confusional arousal is when you wake up in a very confused state. You might have trouble understanding what you’re doing or where you are. Other behaviors include: - slow speech - poor memory - crying - slow reaction time Teeth grinding In sleep bruxism, you clench or [grind your teeth](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/teeth-grinding) while sleeping. These behaviors can cause: - tooth pain or sensitivity - jaw, face, or neck soreness - earache-like pain Sleep-related eating disorder Sleep-related eating disorder is [binge eating](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-to-overcome-binge-eating) and drinking during non-REM sleep. You might be partly or fully conscious. Often, binge eating episodes happen repeatedly. Specific behaviors include: - eating unusual foods (like a stick of butter) or food combinations - eating and drinking quickly - consuming toxic food, like uncooked meat REM sleep behavior disorder It’s different than sleepwalking or sleep terrors, when the person is often confused. With RBD, you can usually wake up easily and remember the dream. Typical RBD behaviors include: - grabbing - punching - shouting - kicking - jumping Other parasomnias Some parasomnias are less common. More unusual types include: - Sleep texting. [Sleep texting](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-texting) is when you send a text message during sleep. - Sexsomnia. In [sexsomnia](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-sex), you act out sexual behaviors while sleeping. - Exploding head syndrome. When you’re about to fall asleep or wake up, you imagine a loud, sudden noise in your head. - Sleep-related hallucinations. This is a [hallucination](https://www.healthline.com/health/hallucinations) you can see, feel, or hear. It can occur when falling asleep or waking up. - Sleep-related scratching. Scratching occurs during sleep. You might wake up with scratches, bleeding, or cuts. - Sleep driving. Though rare, it’s possible to drive while sleeping. This is a form of sleepwalking and can be very dangerous. Parasomnia affects more children than adults. It’s most common in children who have neurological or psychiatric conditions, such as epilepsy or [ADHD](https://www.healthline.com/health/adhd/signs#1). Causes like stress and sleep deprivation can also trigger child parasomnia. However, parasomnia in children usually happens because their sleep-wake cycle is immature. This means the boundaries between wakefulness and sleep are underdeveloped, resulting in a mixed state of consciousness. Most children grow out of it by adolescence. Compared to adults, children with parasomnia might experience more crying and fear. They might be scared to go to sleep alone. If your child has abnormal sleep behaviors, remember that they’re not doing it on purpose. Focus on being supportive instead of punishing them. For example, if they wet the bed, encourage them to use the bathroom before bedtime. Aside from the unusual behavior during sleep, parasomnia can cause other symptoms. You might: - wake up confused or disoriented - wake up wondering where you are - not remember doing certain activities - find unfamiliar cuts on your body - have difficulty sleeping throughout the night - feel [daytime sleepiness](https://www.healthline.com/health/excessive-sleepiness) or fatigue Your primary care doctor can help diagnose parasomnia. They’ll likely have you see a sleep specialist, who can further examine your sleeping behavior. Diagnosis often includes: - Medical history. Your doctor will ask about underlying medical conditions, current medications, family history, and lifestyle. - Sleep history. A sleep diary can show your sleep behavior patterns. If you live with someone, they can observe how you sleep. - Polysomnogram. In a [polysomnogram](https://www.healthline.com/health/polysomnography), you sleep in a lab overnight so a specialist can analyze your sleeping behavior. They’ll record your brain waves, breathing, and heart rate to make a diagnosis. Parasomnia treatment depends on the type and severity. Your doctor might recommend the following: Medication If your parasomnia is frequent or recurring, medication can help manage it. The best choice depends on your symptoms. Examples of medications used to treat parasomnias include: - [topiramate](https://www.healthline.com/health/topiramate-oral-tablet) - [antidepressants](https://www.healthline.com/health/antidepressant-side-effects) - [dopamine agonists](https://www.healthline.com/health/parkinsons-disease/dopamine-agonist) - [melatonin](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/melatonin) - levodopa - [benzodiazepines](https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/benzodiazepines), like clonazepam On the other hand, if your symptoms are actually due to a certain medication, your doctor might recommend an alternative medication or different dose. Don’t stop taking a medication without your doctor’s OK. Cognitive behavioral therapy Cognitive [behavioral therapy](https://www.healthline.com/health/behavioral-therapy) (CBT) is a common parasomnia treatment. That’s because parasomnia is often related to mental health concerns, like stress and anxiety. Other methods that may be used alongside CBT include: - psychotherapy - relaxation therapy - [hypnosis](https://www.healthline.com/health/hypnosis-for-anxiety) Home treatments Some treatments can be done at home. Your doctor may suggest: - Scheduled awakenings. Scheduled awakenings are when you wake up your child about 15 to 30 minutes before they spontaneously wake up. It may help minimize behaviors that follow a certain pattern. It’s [often used](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123815224000341) for sleepwalking and night terrors. - Safer sleep environments. If you sleepwalk or have RBD, you might need to sleep alone or remove dangerous items from your home. You can also lock windows and doors, place the mattress on the floor, and sleep with extra padding. Parasomnia can make it hard to get quality sleep. It may also increase the risk of accidents and health problems due to lack of rest. Fortunately, parasomnia is treatable, so it’s important to see a sleep doctor if you have unusual sleep behaviors. They can explore underlying causes and provide the best treatment for your symptoms.
Shard	98 (laksa)
Root Hash	11478817528691466898
Unparsed URL	com,healthline!www,/health/parasomnia s443