🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 98 (from laksa163)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa098.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-concerns\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-concerns\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-concerns","crawl_time":1775028883,"first_indexed_time":1506575716,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,healthline!www,\/health\/insomnia-concerns s443","src_root_hash":"11478817528691466898","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"What Are Other Health Risks from Chronic Insomnia?","meta_descriptions":["Insomnia can affect your health in many ways. Learn about these effects and the best ways to treat your insomnia."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Insomnia may increase your risk of health conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure, and anxiety. It can be managed through lifestyle changes or medications.\nAlmost everyone experiences occasional sleeplessness from time to time. Some external factors can affect your ability to get high quality sleep. These can include:\nstress\njet lag\nyour sleep environment\nBut if you regularly have difficulty sleeping through the night, it’s best to determine and treat the underlying cause. Not getting enough sleep can raise your risk of certain health conditions.\nKeep reading to learn about the effects of insomnia on the body, tips for managing insomnia, and when to get help from a professional.\nThere are serious health effects associated with chronic insomnia.\nChronic or long-term insomnia lasts\n3 or more nights\nper week for more than 3 months and can’t be explained by another health condition.\nCardiovascular disease\nstroke\nobesity\ndiabetes\nhigh blood pressure\nheart disease\nMental health conditions\nIndividuals with\nanxiety\nmay be\nmore prone\nto insomnia. Insomnia can also increase the risk of developing anxiety or worsen existing anxiety.\nCognition and concentration\nInsomnia can also affect your memory and concentration. Sleeplessness at night can make it harder to focus during the hours you are awake.\nA\n2021 study\nfound that insomnia may increase the risk of developing a memory problem in older adults.\nAccording to the\nNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)\n, this is because your brain uses sleep to create and maintain pathways in your brain. Your brain is incredibly active while you are asleep and performs different functions during the different sleep cycles.\nNot getting enough sleep\nmay also increase\nthe risk of dementia, particularly among middle-aged adults.\nImmune health\nChronic insomnia\ncan affect\nyour immune system’s ability to regulate itself. This may lead to an increased risk of illness and affect the body’s ability to target illnesses. It may also increase the risk of chronic diseases, including:\nneurological diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease\ncancer\nautoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis\nmetabolic diseases, like diabetes\ncardiovascular diseases\nIncreased risk of cancer and neurological disease\nChronic insomnia can increase your risk of certain diseases. One reason for this is that while you’re sleeping, your brain\nmay remove\ntoxins that build up during the day while you are awake. Without enough sleep, these toxins may continue to build up without being cleared.\nChronic insomnia\nmay be associated\nwith an increased risk of developing cancer across all age groups. However, certain types of cancer may have an increased risk depending on your sex assigned at birth and your age. These can include:\nleukemia\nlung, kidney, and prostate cancers, in males\noral, thyroid, and nerve cancers, in females\nHowever, more research is still needed to fully understand the relationship between insomnia and cancer risk.\nAccidents\nIndividuals with insomnia may also\nhave a higher risk\nof getting into traffic accidents compared to individuals without insomnia.\nThis is likely because sleep deprivation can make you less aware and more prone to\nmicrosleep\n, or quick second-long bursts of sleep. Accidents may happen during these brief moments of sleep.\nIntrapersonal communication and emotions\nSleep\nbenefits\nyour emotions and emotional regulation. When you are in a sleep-deprived state, you may feel more prone to anger or have difficulty interpreting others’ emotions correctly.\nNot getting enough sleep\ncan affect\nyour ability to manage conflict with another person, which may lead to arguments and tension. This, in turn, can create stress.\nInsomnia can have a variety of lifestyle\ncauses\n, such as:\nage\nshift or night work\nexposure to noise or light during the night\nuncomfortable room temperature\njet lag\nirregular sleep schedule\nnapping during the day\nlack of\nexercise\ncaffeine\nuse too close to bedtime\nelectronic device use\nclose to bedtime\nstress\nmajor life changes\ncertain health conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, chronic pain, and menopause\nThere are many\nstrategies for treating insomnia\n. Before you talk with a doctor about medications or therapy, you may consider making lifestyle changes to support an improved sleep routine.\nCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-I)\nCBT-I is a form of therapy that helps you fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer by:\nreframing negative or anxious thoughts about sleep\nteaching you ways to relax and\nsleep hygiene\nhabits\ninitially restricting the amount of time you spend in bed to increase your drive to sleep\nhelping you associate going to bed with sleeping by recommending you go to bed only when you are sleepy and get out of bed if you cannot sleep\nMelatonin supplements\nMelatonin is a hormone your body makes to\nhelp regulate sleep\nby telling your body it’s time for bed. An over-the-counter (OTC) melatonin supplement\nmay help\nyou fall asleep faster and improve sleep quality.\nEven though it is available without a prescription, it’s best to talk with your doctor before taking melatonin. Your doctor will be able to advise you on whether melatonin is appropriate for your individual health needs.\nYour doctor may advise you to start with a 2 mg dose 30 minutes to 1 hour before bed. They may also advise you not to take it every night to see if it improves your sleep. Then, depending on your needs, they may increase the dose up to\n10 mg\n.\nKeep in mind that melatonin is generally\nnot recommended\nfor long term use, as researchers are still studying its possible effects. Some people may also experience nightmares while using melatonin.\nSome mild side effects have been reported for higher doses and extended-release options. These may\ninclude\n:\nheadaches\nnausea\ndrowsiness\ndaytime sleepiness\nTalk with your doctor if you experience any of these effects after taking melatonin.\nMoreover, it is important to\nremember that melatonin is\nnot FDA-approved\nfor treating insomnia. Thus, any use of melatonin for insomnia would be\noff-label\n.\nSleep medication\nDoctors may recommend\nsleep medication\nfor some people with chronic insomnia. They’ll advise you on how long you should take any medication, if needed.\nIt is not recommended to take sleeping pills on a long-term basis.\nestazolam\nzolpidem\n(Zolpimist)\nzaleplon (Sonata)\nramelteon (Rozerem)\neszopiclone\n(Lunesta)\nThese prescription pills may cause adverse effects, such as:\ndizziness\ndiarrhea\nand nausea\ndrowsiness\nsevere\nallergic reactions\nmemory problems\nIf you experience any adverse effects, it’s best to talk with your doctor. They may recommend switching to a different medication or help you find alternatives to medication.\nAlthough it’s common to have insomnia from time to time, you should schedule an appointment with a doctor if you regularly experience insomnia or if the\nlack of sleep\nis negatively affecting your life.\nAs part of the diagnostic process, your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms.\nThey will also want to know about your medications and overall medical history. This is to see if there’s an underlying cause for your insomnia. If there is, your doctor will treat that condition first.\nThey may recommend a\nsleep study\n. This overnight test evaluates your sleep quality and other factors that may impact it, such as sleep apnea.\nInsomnia may increase your risk for conditions such as heart disease, depression, and diabetes. It can also negatively impact your memory and increase your risk of accidents.\nSome lifestyle changes you can make to manage insomnia include establishing a regular sleep schedule, avoiding caffeine before bed, and getting regular exercise.\nHowever, if these changes do not work, you may consider asking your doctor about treatment for insomnia.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  Health Conditions\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n  \n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer Care](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/cancer-care)\n  - [Caregiving for Alzheimer's Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/alzheimers-disease)\n  - [Chronic Kidney Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/ckd)\n  - [Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/copd)\n  - [Digestive Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/digestive-health)\n  - [Eye Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/eye-health)\n  - [Heart Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/heart-health)\n  - 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Connect with us for all things health.\n\nSubscribe\n\nExplore more in\n\n- Treatment\n- Types\n- Prognosis\n- Symptoms\n- Diagnosis\n- Causes & Risk Factors\n- Management\n- Diet\n- Related Conditions\n- Complications\n\nInsomnia\n\n#### Related Hubs\n[![Sleep Health](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sleep-health.png)Sleep Health Routines and tips for healthier sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep)\n\n[![Sleep Disorders](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sleep-health-sleep-disorders.png)Sleep Disorders Here's all you need to know about sleep disorders, irregular sleep schedules, insomnia, when to see a specialist, and more.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/disorders)\n#### Related Topics\n- ### Treatment\n  Treatment\n  \n  #### Related Hub\n  [![Medication & Treatments](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sleep-health-medication.png)Medication & Treatments A guide to medications and treatments for sleep management](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/treatment)\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Treatment](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/how-to-cure-insomnia-in-12-minutes)\n  - [Treatment](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-treatments)\n  - [Chronic](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/chronic-insomnia)\n  - [Specialists](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-doctors)\n- ### Types\n  Types\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Types](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/types-of-insomnia)\n  - [Paradoxical Insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/paradoxical-insomnia)\n  - [Sporadic Fatal](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/sporadic-fatal-insomnia)\n  - [Middle](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/middle-insomnia)\n- ### Prognosis\n  Prognosis\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Outlook](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/infographic-facts-stats-on-insomnia)\n- ### Symptoms\n  Symptoms\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Effects on the Body](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-concerns)\n  - [Difficulty Sleeping](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleeping-difficulty)\n- ### Diagnosis\n  Diagnosis\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Diagnosis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/do-i-have-insomnia)\n  - [Waking Up Too Early](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/waking-up-too-early)\n  - [Typical Time to Fall Asleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/healthy-sleep\/how-long-does-it-take-to-fall-asleep)\n  - [Light Sleepers](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/light-sleeper)\n  - [In Men](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-in-men)\n- ### Causes & Risk Factors\n  Causes & Risk Factors\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Causes and Risk Factors](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-causes)\n  - [After Surgery](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-after-surgery)\n  - [Vaccines](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaccinations\/can-vaccines-cause-insomnia)\n  - [Hormones](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/hormonal-insomnia-symptoms)\n  - [Anxiety-Induced](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-insomnia)\n  - [Dehydration](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/dehydration-insomnia-symptoms)\n  - [In Teenagers](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/insomnia-in-teens)\n  - [Neurological Conditions](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/insomnia-neurological-causes)\n  - [Genetics](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/is-insomnia-genetic)\n  - [In Women](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/causes-of-insomnia-in-females)\n- ### Management\n  Management\n  \n  #### Related Hub\n  [![Tools for Sleep](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sleep-health-better-tools-for-better-sleep.png)Tools for Sleep Products, apps, and more to help you sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sleep\/sleep-tools)\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Taking Atihistamines](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/healthy-sleep\/antihistamine-for-sleep)\n  - [Noises for Sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pink-noise-sleep)\n  - [Postpartum](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/postpartum-insomnia)\n  - [Talking with a Doctor](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/insomnia-doctors-appointment-tips)\n  - [Best Weighted Blankets](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/choose-right-size-weighted-blanket)\n- ### Diet\n  Diet\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Drinks to Help Sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/drinks-that-help-you-sleep)\n- ### Related Conditions\n  Related Conditions\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Menopause-Related Insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/menopause\/menopause-and-insomnia)\n  - [PMS Insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/pms-insomnia)\n  - [High Blood Pressure](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/high-blood-pressure\/can-high-blood-pressure-cause-insomnia)\n  - [OCD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/ocd\/ocd-and-insomnia)\n  - [Sleep Apnea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-vs-sleep-apnea)\n- ### Complications\n  Complications\n  \n  #### Related Articles\n  - [Heart Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/how-insomnia-affects-your-heart)\n\n# Effects of Insomnia on the Body\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Thomas-Johnson-500x500-Bio1.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Thomas Johnson, PA-C]() — Written by Krista O'Connell —  [Updated on April 9, 2025]()\n\n- [Health effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-concerns#health-effects)\n- [Causes](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-concerns#causes)\n- [Treatment](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-concerns#treatment)\n- [When to get help](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-concerns#when-to-get-help)\n- [Takeaway](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-concerns#takeaway)\n\nInsomnia may increase your risk of health conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure, and anxiety. It can be managed through lifestyle changes or medications.\n\nAlmost everyone experiences occasional sleeplessness from time to time. Some external factors can affect your ability to get high quality sleep. These can include:\n\n- stress\n- jet lag\n- your sleep environment\n\nBut if you regularly have difficulty sleeping through the night, it’s best to determine and treat the underlying cause. Not getting enough sleep can raise your risk of certain health conditions.\n\nKeep reading to learn about the effects of insomnia on the body, tips for managing insomnia, and when to get help from a professional.\n\n## [Health effects of insomnia]()\nThere are serious health effects associated with chronic insomnia. Chronic or long-term insomnia lasts [3 or more nights](https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/insomnia) per week for more than 3 months and can’t be explained by another health condition.\n\n### Cardiovascular disease\nAccording to the [National Institutes of Health (NIH)](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/public-education\/brain-basics\/brain-basics-understanding-sleep), chronic insomnia may increase your risk of:\n\n- [stroke](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/stroke)\n- [obesity](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/obesity)\n- [diabetes](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/diabetes)\n- [high blood pressure](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/high-blood-pressure-hypertension)\n- [heart disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/heart-disease)\n### Mental health conditions\nIndividuals with [anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-insomnia) may be [more prone](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1087079221001684) to insomnia. Insomnia can also increase the risk of developing anxiety or worsen existing anxiety.\n\nInsomnia [can also increase](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/public-education\/brain-basics\/brain-basics-understanding-sleep) your risk of [depression](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression) and make existing depression worse.\n\n### Cognition and concentration\nInsomnia can also affect your memory and concentration. Sleeplessness at night can make it harder to focus during the hours you are awake.\n\nA [2021 study](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11000697\/) found that insomnia may increase the risk of developing a memory problem in older adults.\n\nAccording to the [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/public-education\/brain-basics\/brain-basics-understanding-sleep), this is because your brain uses sleep to create and maintain pathways in your brain. Your brain is incredibly active while you are asleep and performs different functions during the different sleep cycles.\n\nNot getting enough sleep [may also increase](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10484328\/) the risk of dementia, particularly among middle-aged adults.\n\n### Immune health\nChronic insomnia [can affect](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8602722\/) your immune system’s ability to regulate itself. This may lead to an increased risk of illness and affect the body’s ability to target illnesses. It may also increase the risk of chronic diseases, including:\n\n- neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease\n- cancer\n- autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis\n- metabolic diseases, like diabetes\n- cardiovascular diseases\n### Increased risk of cancer and neurological disease\nChronic insomnia can increase your risk of certain diseases. One reason for this is that while you’re sleeping, your brain [may remove](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/public-education\/brain-basics\/brain-basics-understanding-sleep) toxins that build up during the day while you are awake. Without enough sleep, these toxins may continue to build up without being cleared.\n\nChronic insomnia [may be associated](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10121030\/) with an increased risk of developing cancer across all age groups. However, certain types of cancer may have an increased risk depending on your sex assigned at birth and your age. These can include:\n\n- leukemia\n- lung, kidney, and prostate cancers, in males\n- oral, thyroid, and nerve cancers, in females\n\nHowever, more research is still needed to fully understand the relationship between insomnia and cancer risk.\n\n### Accidents\nIndividuals with insomnia may also [have a higher risk](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2214140521000244) of getting into traffic accidents compared to individuals without insomnia.\n\nThis is likely because sleep deprivation can make you less aware and more prone to [microsleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/microsleep), or quick second-long bursts of sleep. Accidents may happen during these brief moments of sleep.\n\n### Intrapersonal communication and emotions\nSleep [benefits](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/public-education\/brain-basics\/brain-basics-understanding-sleep) your emotions and emotional regulation. When you are in a sleep-deprived state, you may feel more prone to anger or have difficulty interpreting others’ emotions correctly.\n\nNot getting enough sleep [can affect](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9249692\/) your ability to manage conflict with another person, which may lead to arguments and tension. This, in turn, can create stress.\n\n## [What causes insomnia?]()\nInsomnia can have a variety of lifestyle [causes](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-causes), such as:\n\n- [age](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7731454\/?ref=augmentive.ghost.io)\n- shift or night work\n- exposure to noise or light during the night\n- uncomfortable room temperature\n- jet lag\n- irregular sleep schedule\n- napping during the day\n- lack of [exercise](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/10-benefits-of-exercise)\n- [caffeine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/caffeine-effects-on-body) use too close to bedtime\n- [electronic device use](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/what-is-blue-light) close to bedtime\n- stress\n- major life changes\n- certain health conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, chronic pain, and menopause\n\n## [How can you manage insomnia?]()\nThere are many [strategies for treating insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/ways-to-fall-asleep). Before you talk with a doctor about medications or therapy, you may consider making lifestyle changes to support an improved sleep routine.\n\n### Lifestyle changes for better sleep\n- [Establishing a regular sleep schedule](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/healthy-sleep\/how-to-fix-sleep-schedule)\n- Getting light exposure during the day and after dark to help regulate your circadian rhythm\n- Ensuring the bedroom is quiet and set at a [cool temperature](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/best-temperature-to-sleep)\n- [Avoiding electronic use](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/block-blue-light-to-sleep-better) at least 30 minutes before bedtime\n- Doing a relaxing activity to wind down for bed, like reading or [gentle yoga](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/yoga-for-insomnia)\n- Avoiding large meals before bedtime\n- Avoiding [alcohol](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/alcohol\/effects-on-body) and caffeine close to bedtime\n- Getting regular exercise during the day\n- Going to bed only when you’re tired, which can help prevent anxiety about not being able to fall asleep\n- Using your bed only for sleep and sex\n- Eating a [balanced diet](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/plant-based-diet-guide)\n### Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-I)\nThe [American College of Physicians](https:\/\/www.acponline.org\/acp-newsroom\/acp-recommends-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-as-initial-treatment-forchronic-insomnia) recommends [cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia\/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-insomnia), or CBT-I, as the first-line treatment for chronic insomnia in adults.\n\nCBT-I is a form of therapy that helps you fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer by:\n\n- reframing negative or anxious thoughts about sleep\n- teaching you ways to relax and [sleep hygiene](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep-hygiene) habits\n- initially restricting the amount of time you spend in bed to increase your drive to sleep\n- helping you associate going to bed with sleeping by recommending you go to bed only when you are sleepy and get out of bed if you cannot sleep\n### Melatonin supplements\nMelatonin is a hormone your body makes to [help regulate sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/melatonin-and-sleep) by telling your body it’s time for bed. An over-the-counter (OTC) melatonin supplement [may help](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK534823\/) you fall asleep faster and improve sleep quality.\n\nEven though it is available without a prescription, it’s best to talk with your doctor before taking melatonin. Your doctor will be able to advise you on whether melatonin is appropriate for your individual health needs.\n\nYour doctor may advise you to start with a 2 mg dose 30 minutes to 1 hour before bed. They may also advise you not to take it every night to see if it improves your sleep. Then, depending on your needs, they may increase the dose up to [10 mg](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK534823\/).\n\nKeep in mind that melatonin is generally [not recommended](https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know) for long term use, as researchers are still studying its possible effects. Some people may also experience nightmares while using melatonin.\n\nSome mild side effects have been reported for higher doses and extended-release options. These may [include](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK534823\/):\n\n- [headaches](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/headache)\n- [nausea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/nausea)\n- drowsiness\n- daytime sleepiness\n\nTalk with your doctor if you experience any of these effects after taking melatonin.\n\nMoreover, it is important to remember that melatonin is [not FDA-approved](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK534823\/) for treating insomnia. Thus, any use of melatonin for insomnia would be [off-label](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/general-use\/off-label-drug-use).\n\n### Sleep medication\nDoctors may recommend [sleep medication](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-treatments) for some people with chronic insomnia. They’ll advise you on how long you should take any medication, if needed.\n\nIt is not recommended to take sleeping pills on a long-term basis.\n\nSome of the [prescription medications](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/healthy-sleep\/lunesta-vs-ambien) that a doctor may prescribe [include](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers\/sleep-disorder-sedative-hypnotic-drug-information):\n\n- estazolam\n- [zolpidem](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/zolpidem-oral-tablet) (Zolpimist)\n- zaleplon (Sonata)\n- ramelteon (Rozerem)\n- [eszopiclone](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/eszopiclone-oral-tablet) (Lunesta)\n\nThese prescription pills may cause adverse effects, such as:\n\n- dizziness\n- [diarrhea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/diarrhea) and nausea\n- drowsiness\n- severe [allergic reactions](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/allergies\/allergic-reaction)\n- memory problems\n\nIf you experience any adverse effects, it’s best to talk with your doctor. They may recommend switching to a different medication or help you find alternatives to medication.\n\n## [When should you get help for insomnia?]()\nAlthough it’s common to have insomnia from time to time, you should schedule an appointment with a doctor if you regularly experience insomnia or if the [lack of sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/lack-of-sleep-headache) is negatively affecting your life.\n\nAs part of the diagnostic process, your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms.\n\nThey will also want to know about your medications and overall medical history. This is to see if there’s an underlying cause for your insomnia. If there is, your doctor will treat that condition first.\n\nThey may recommend a [sleep study](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/what-is-a-sleep-study). This overnight test evaluates your sleep quality and other factors that may impact it, such as sleep apnea.\n\n**»Read More:**[Are There Insomnia Doctors?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-doctors)\n\n## [The bottom line]()\nInsomnia may increase your risk for conditions such as heart disease, depression, and diabetes. It can also negatively impact your memory and increase your risk of accidents.\n\nSome lifestyle changes you can make to manage insomnia include establishing a regular sleep schedule, avoiding caffeine before bed, and getting regular exercise.\n\nHowever, if these changes do not work, you may consider asking your doctor about treatment for insomnia.\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nHistory\n\nHealthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/process).\n\n- About Sleep. (2024).  \n  <https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/sleep\/about\/index.html>\n- ACP Recommends cognitive behavioral therapy as initial treatment for chronic insomnia. (2016).  \n  <https:\/\/www.acponline.org\/acp-newsroom\/acp-recommends-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-as-initial-treatment-forchronic-insomnia>\n- Beydoun HA, et al. (2021). Insomnia as a predictor of diagnosed memory problems: 2006-2016 Health and Retirement Study.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11000697\/>\n- Brain basics: Understanding sleep. (2025).  \n  <https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/public-education\/brain-basics\/brain-basics-understanding-sleep>\n- Chellappa SL, et al. (2021). Sleep and anxiety: From mechanisms to interventions.  \n  <https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1087079221001684>\n- Garbarino S, et al. (2021). Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8602722\/>\n- Insomnia. (2025).  \n  <https:\/\/womenshealth.gov\/a-z-topics\/insomnia>\n- Insomnia: What is insomnia? (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/insomnia>\n- Lin Y-C, et al. (2021). Increased risk of road traffic injuries in individuals with insomnia.  \n  <https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2214140521000244>\n- Melatonin: What you need to know. (2024).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know>\n- Nguyen V, et al. (2019). Insomnia in older adults.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7731454\/?ref=augmentive.ghost.io>\n- Savage RA, et al. (2024). Melatonin.  \n  <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK534823\/>\n- Sleep disorder (sedative-hypnotic) drug information. (2023).  \n  <https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers\/sleep-disorder-sedative-hypnotic-drug-information>\n- Tan X, et al. (2023). Interactive association between insomnia symptoms and sleep duration for the risk of dementia—a prospective study in the Swedish National March Cohort.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10484328\/>\n- Yoon K, et al. (2023). Risk of cancer in patients with insomnia: Nationwide retrospective cohort study (2009–2018).  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10121030\/>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Thomas-Johnson-500x500-Bio1.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Thomas Johnson, PA-C]() — Written by Krista O'Connell —  [Updated on April 9, 2025]()\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/contact-us)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/privacy-policy)\n- Privacy Settings\n- [Advertising Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/advertising-policy)\n- [Health Topics](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n\n- [Sitemap](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sitemap)\n- [Medical Affairs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n- [Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n- [Newsletters](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup)\n- © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Insomnia may increase your risk of health conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure, and anxiety. It can be managed through lifestyle changes or medications.\n\nAlmost everyone experiences occasional sleeplessness from time to time. Some external factors can affect your ability to get high quality sleep. These can include:\n\n- stress\n- jet lag\n- your sleep environment\n\nBut if you regularly have difficulty sleeping through the night, it’s best to determine and treat the underlying cause. Not getting enough sleep can raise your risk of certain health conditions.\n\nKeep reading to learn about the effects of insomnia on the body, tips for managing insomnia, and when to get help from a professional.\n\nThere are serious health effects associated with chronic insomnia. Chronic or long-term insomnia lasts [3 or more nights](https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/insomnia) per week for more than 3 months and can’t be explained by another health condition.\n\nCardiovascular disease\n\n- [stroke](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/stroke)\n- [obesity](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/obesity)\n- [diabetes](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/diabetes)\n- [high blood pressure](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/high-blood-pressure-hypertension)\n- [heart disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/heart-disease)\n\nMental health conditions\n\nIndividuals with [anxiety](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anxiety-insomnia) may be [more prone](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1087079221001684) to insomnia. Insomnia can also increase the risk of developing anxiety or worsen existing anxiety.\n\nCognition and concentration\n\nInsomnia can also affect your memory and concentration. Sleeplessness at night can make it harder to focus during the hours you are awake.\n\nA [2021 study](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11000697\/) found that insomnia may increase the risk of developing a memory problem in older adults.\n\nAccording to the [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/public-education\/brain-basics\/brain-basics-understanding-sleep), this is because your brain uses sleep to create and maintain pathways in your brain. Your brain is incredibly active while you are asleep and performs different functions during the different sleep cycles.\n\nNot getting enough sleep [may also increase](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10484328\/) the risk of dementia, particularly among middle-aged adults.\n\nImmune health\n\nChronic insomnia [can affect](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8602722\/) your immune system’s ability to regulate itself. This may lead to an increased risk of illness and affect the body’s ability to target illnesses. It may also increase the risk of chronic diseases, including:\n\n- neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease\n- cancer\n- autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis\n- metabolic diseases, like diabetes\n- cardiovascular diseases\n\nIncreased risk of cancer and neurological disease\n\nChronic insomnia can increase your risk of certain diseases. One reason for this is that while you’re sleeping, your brain [may remove](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/public-education\/brain-basics\/brain-basics-understanding-sleep) toxins that build up during the day while you are awake. Without enough sleep, these toxins may continue to build up without being cleared.\n\nChronic insomnia [may be associated](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10121030\/) with an increased risk of developing cancer across all age groups. However, certain types of cancer may have an increased risk depending on your sex assigned at birth and your age. These can include:\n\n- leukemia\n- lung, kidney, and prostate cancers, in males\n- oral, thyroid, and nerve cancers, in females\n\nHowever, more research is still needed to fully understand the relationship between insomnia and cancer risk.\n\nAccidents\n\nIndividuals with insomnia may also [have a higher risk](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2214140521000244) of getting into traffic accidents compared to individuals without insomnia.\n\nThis is likely because sleep deprivation can make you less aware and more prone to [microsleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/microsleep), or quick second-long bursts of sleep. Accidents may happen during these brief moments of sleep.\n\nIntrapersonal communication and emotions\n\nSleep [benefits](https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/public-education\/brain-basics\/brain-basics-understanding-sleep) your emotions and emotional regulation. When you are in a sleep-deprived state, you may feel more prone to anger or have difficulty interpreting others’ emotions correctly.\n\nNot getting enough sleep [can affect](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9249692\/) your ability to manage conflict with another person, which may lead to arguments and tension. This, in turn, can create stress.\n\nInsomnia can have a variety of lifestyle [causes](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-causes), such as:\n\n- [age](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7731454\/?ref=augmentive.ghost.io)\n- shift or night work\n- exposure to noise or light during the night\n- uncomfortable room temperature\n- jet lag\n- irregular sleep schedule\n- napping during the day\n- lack of [exercise](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/10-benefits-of-exercise)\n- [caffeine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/caffeine-effects-on-body) use too close to bedtime\n- [electronic device use](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/what-is-blue-light) close to bedtime\n- stress\n- major life changes\n- certain health conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, chronic pain, and menopause\n\nThere are many [strategies for treating insomnia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/ways-to-fall-asleep). Before you talk with a doctor about medications or therapy, you may consider making lifestyle changes to support an improved sleep routine.\n\nCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-I)\n\nCBT-I is a form of therapy that helps you fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer by:\n\n- reframing negative or anxious thoughts about sleep\n- teaching you ways to relax and [sleep hygiene](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep-hygiene) habits\n- initially restricting the amount of time you spend in bed to increase your drive to sleep\n- helping you associate going to bed with sleeping by recommending you go to bed only when you are sleepy and get out of bed if you cannot sleep\n\nMelatonin supplements\n\nMelatonin is a hormone your body makes to [help regulate sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/melatonin-and-sleep) by telling your body it’s time for bed. An over-the-counter (OTC) melatonin supplement [may help](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK534823\/) you fall asleep faster and improve sleep quality.\n\nEven though it is available without a prescription, it’s best to talk with your doctor before taking melatonin. Your doctor will be able to advise you on whether melatonin is appropriate for your individual health needs.\n\nYour doctor may advise you to start with a 2 mg dose 30 minutes to 1 hour before bed. They may also advise you not to take it every night to see if it improves your sleep. Then, depending on your needs, they may increase the dose up to [10 mg](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK534823\/).\n\nKeep in mind that melatonin is generally [not recommended](https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know) for long term use, as researchers are still studying its possible effects. Some people may also experience nightmares while using melatonin.\n\nSome mild side effects have been reported for higher doses and extended-release options. These may [include](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK534823\/):\n\n- [headaches](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/headache)\n- [nausea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/nausea)\n- drowsiness\n- daytime sleepiness\n\nTalk with your doctor if you experience any of these effects after taking melatonin.\n\nMoreover, it is important to remember that melatonin is [not FDA-approved](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK534823\/) for treating insomnia. Thus, any use of melatonin for insomnia would be [off-label](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/general-use\/off-label-drug-use).\n\nSleep medication\n\nDoctors may recommend [sleep medication](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/insomnia-treatments) for some people with chronic insomnia. They’ll advise you on how long you should take any medication, if needed.\n\nIt is not recommended to take sleeping pills on a long-term basis.\n\n- estazolam\n- [zolpidem](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/zolpidem-oral-tablet) (Zolpimist)\n- zaleplon (Sonata)\n- ramelteon (Rozerem)\n- [eszopiclone](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/eszopiclone-oral-tablet) (Lunesta)\n\nThese prescription pills may cause adverse effects, such as:\n\n- dizziness\n- [diarrhea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/diarrhea) and nausea\n- drowsiness\n- severe [allergic reactions](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/allergies\/allergic-reaction)\n- memory problems\n\nIf you experience any adverse effects, it’s best to talk with your doctor. They may recommend switching to a different medication or help you find alternatives to medication.\n\nAlthough it’s common to have insomnia from time to time, you should schedule an appointment with a doctor if you regularly experience insomnia or if the [lack of sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/lack-of-sleep-headache) is negatively affecting your life.\n\nAs part of the diagnostic process, your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms.\n\nThey will also want to know about your medications and overall medical history. This is to see if there’s an underlying cause for your insomnia. If there is, your doctor will treat that condition first.\n\nThey may recommend a [sleep study](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sleep\/what-is-a-sleep-study). This overnight test evaluates your sleep quality and other factors that may impact it, such as sleep apnea.\n\nInsomnia may increase your risk for conditions such as heart disease, depression, and diabetes. It can also negatively impact your memory and increase your risk of accidents.\n\nSome lifestyle changes you can make to manage insomnia include establishing a regular sleep schedule, avoiding caffeine before bed, and getting regular exercise.\n\nHowever, if these changes do not work, you may consider asking your doctor about treatment for insomnia.","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-concerns
Last Crawled	2026-04-01 07:34:43 (8 days ago)
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HTTP Status Code	200
Meta Title	What Are Other Health Risks from Chronic Insomnia?
Meta Description	Insomnia can affect your health in many ways. Learn about these effects and the best ways to treat your insomnia.
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Boilerpipe Text	Insomnia may increase your risk of health conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure, and anxiety. It can be managed through lifestyle changes or medications. Almost everyone experiences occasional sleeplessness from time to time. Some external factors can affect your ability to get high quality sleep. These can include: stress jet lag your sleep environment But if you regularly have difficulty sleeping through the night, it’s best to determine and treat the underlying cause. Not getting enough sleep can raise your risk of certain health conditions. Keep reading to learn about the effects of insomnia on the body, tips for managing insomnia, and when to get help from a professional. There are serious health effects associated with chronic insomnia. Chronic or long-term insomnia lasts 3 or more nights per week for more than 3 months and can’t be explained by another health condition. Cardiovascular disease stroke obesity diabetes high blood pressure heart disease Mental health conditions Individuals with anxiety may be more prone to insomnia. Insomnia can also increase the risk of developing anxiety or worsen existing anxiety. Cognition and concentration Insomnia can also affect your memory and concentration. Sleeplessness at night can make it harder to focus during the hours you are awake. A 2021 study found that insomnia may increase the risk of developing a memory problem in older adults. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) , this is because your brain uses sleep to create and maintain pathways in your brain. Your brain is incredibly active while you are asleep and performs different functions during the different sleep cycles. Not getting enough sleep may also increase the risk of dementia, particularly among middle-aged adults. Immune health Chronic insomnia can affect your immune system’s ability to regulate itself. This may lead to an increased risk of illness and affect the body’s ability to target illnesses. It may also increase the risk of chronic diseases, including: neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease cancer autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis metabolic diseases, like diabetes cardiovascular diseases Increased risk of cancer and neurological disease Chronic insomnia can increase your risk of certain diseases. One reason for this is that while you’re sleeping, your brain may remove toxins that build up during the day while you are awake. Without enough sleep, these toxins may continue to build up without being cleared. Chronic insomnia may be associated with an increased risk of developing cancer across all age groups. However, certain types of cancer may have an increased risk depending on your sex assigned at birth and your age. These can include: leukemia lung, kidney, and prostate cancers, in males oral, thyroid, and nerve cancers, in females However, more research is still needed to fully understand the relationship between insomnia and cancer risk. Accidents Individuals with insomnia may also have a higher risk of getting into traffic accidents compared to individuals without insomnia. This is likely because sleep deprivation can make you less aware and more prone to microsleep , or quick second-long bursts of sleep. Accidents may happen during these brief moments of sleep. Intrapersonal communication and emotions Sleep benefits your emotions and emotional regulation. When you are in a sleep-deprived state, you may feel more prone to anger or have difficulty interpreting others’ emotions correctly. Not getting enough sleep can affect your ability to manage conflict with another person, which may lead to arguments and tension. This, in turn, can create stress. Insomnia can have a variety of lifestyle causes , such as: age shift or night work exposure to noise or light during the night uncomfortable room temperature jet lag irregular sleep schedule napping during the day lack of exercise caffeine use too close to bedtime electronic device use close to bedtime stress major life changes certain health conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, chronic pain, and menopause There are many strategies for treating insomnia . Before you talk with a doctor about medications or therapy, you may consider making lifestyle changes to support an improved sleep routine. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-I) CBT-I is a form of therapy that helps you fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer by: reframing negative or anxious thoughts about sleep teaching you ways to relax and sleep hygiene habits initially restricting the amount of time you spend in bed to increase your drive to sleep helping you associate going to bed with sleeping by recommending you go to bed only when you are sleepy and get out of bed if you cannot sleep Melatonin supplements Melatonin is a hormone your body makes to help regulate sleep by telling your body it’s time for bed. An over-the-counter (OTC) melatonin supplement may help you fall asleep faster and improve sleep quality. Even though it is available without a prescription, it’s best to talk with your doctor before taking melatonin. Your doctor will be able to advise you on whether melatonin is appropriate for your individual health needs. Your doctor may advise you to start with a 2 mg dose 30 minutes to 1 hour before bed. They may also advise you not to take it every night to see if it improves your sleep. Then, depending on your needs, they may increase the dose up to 10 mg . Keep in mind that melatonin is generally not recommended for long term use, as researchers are still studying its possible effects. Some people may also experience nightmares while using melatonin. Some mild side effects have been reported for higher doses and extended-release options. These may include : headaches nausea drowsiness daytime sleepiness Talk with your doctor if you experience any of these effects after taking melatonin. Moreover, it is important to remember that melatonin is not FDA-approved for treating insomnia. Thus, any use of melatonin for insomnia would be off-label . Sleep medication Doctors may recommend sleep medication for some people with chronic insomnia. They’ll advise you on how long you should take any medication, if needed. It is not recommended to take sleeping pills on a long-term basis. estazolam zolpidem (Zolpimist) zaleplon (Sonata) ramelteon (Rozerem) eszopiclone (Lunesta) These prescription pills may cause adverse effects, such as: dizziness diarrhea and nausea drowsiness severe allergic reactions memory problems If you experience any adverse effects, it’s best to talk with your doctor. They may recommend switching to a different medication or help you find alternatives to medication. Although it’s common to have insomnia from time to time, you should schedule an appointment with a doctor if you regularly experience insomnia or if the lack of sleep is negatively affecting your life. As part of the diagnostic process, your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. They will also want to know about your medications and overall medical history. This is to see if there’s an underlying cause for your insomnia. If there is, your doctor will treat that condition first. They may recommend a sleep study . This overnight test evaluates your sleep quality and other factors that may impact it, such as sleep apnea. Insomnia may increase your risk for conditions such as heart disease, depression, and diabetes. It can also negatively impact your memory and increase your risk of accidents. Some lifestyle changes you can make to manage insomnia include establishing a regular sleep schedule, avoiding caffeine before bed, and getting regular exercise. However, if these changes do not work, you may consider asking your doctor about treatment for insomnia.
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Connect with us for all things health. Subscribe Explore more in - Treatment - Types - Prognosis - Symptoms - Diagnosis - Causes & Risk Factors - Management - Diet - Related Conditions - Complications Insomnia #### Related Hubs [![Sleep Health](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Sleep-health.png)Sleep Health Routines and tips for healthier sleep](https://www.healthline.com/sleep) [![Sleep Disorders](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Sleep-health-sleep-disorders.png)Sleep Disorders Here's all you need to know about sleep disorders, irregular sleep schedules, insomnia, when to see a specialist, and more.](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/disorders) #### Related Topics - ### Treatment Treatment #### Related Hub [![Medication & Treatments](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Sleep-health-medication.png)Medication & Treatments A guide to medications and treatments for sleep management](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/treatment) #### Related Articles - [Treatment](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/how-to-cure-insomnia-in-12-minutes) - [Treatment](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-treatments) - [Chronic](https://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-insomnia) - [Specialists](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-doctors) - ### Types Types #### Related Articles - [Types](https://www.healthline.com/health/types-of-insomnia) - [Paradoxical Insomnia](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/paradoxical-insomnia) - [Sporadic Fatal](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/sporadic-fatal-insomnia) - [Middle](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/middle-insomnia) - ### Prognosis Prognosis #### Related Articles - [Outlook](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/infographic-facts-stats-on-insomnia) - ### Symptoms Symptoms #### Related Articles - [Effects on the Body](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-concerns) - [Difficulty Sleeping](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleeping-difficulty) - ### Diagnosis Diagnosis #### Related Articles - [Diagnosis](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/do-i-have-insomnia) - [Waking Up Too Early](https://www.healthline.com/health/waking-up-too-early) - [Typical Time to Fall Asleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sleep/how-long-does-it-take-to-fall-asleep) - [Light Sleepers](https://www.healthline.com/health/light-sleeper) - [In Men](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-in-men) - ### Causes & Risk Factors Causes & Risk Factors #### Related Articles - [Causes and Risk Factors](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-causes) - [After Surgery](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-after-surgery) - [Vaccines](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations/can-vaccines-cause-insomnia) - [Hormones](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/hormonal-insomnia-symptoms) - [Anxiety-Induced](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety-insomnia) - [Dehydration](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/dehydration-insomnia-symptoms) - [In Teenagers](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/insomnia-in-teens) - [Neurological Conditions](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/insomnia-neurological-causes) - [Genetics](https://www.healthline.com/health/is-insomnia-genetic) - [In Women](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/causes-of-insomnia-in-females) - ### Management Management #### Related Hub [![Tools for Sleep](https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Sleep-health-better-tools-for-better-sleep.png)Tools for Sleep Products, apps, and more to help you sleep](https://www.healthline.com/sleep/sleep-tools) #### Related Articles - [Taking Atihistamines](https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sleep/antihistamine-for-sleep) - [Noises for Sleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/pink-noise-sleep) - [Postpartum](https://www.healthline.com/health/postpartum-insomnia) - [Talking with a Doctor](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/insomnia-doctors-appointment-tips) - [Best Weighted Blankets](https://www.healthline.com/health/choose-right-size-weighted-blanket) - ### Diet Diet #### Related Articles - [Drinks to Help Sleep](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/drinks-that-help-you-sleep) - ### Related Conditions Related Conditions #### Related Articles - [Menopause-Related Insomnia](https://www.healthline.com/health/menopause/menopause-and-insomnia) - [PMS Insomnia](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/pms-insomnia) - [High Blood Pressure](https://www.healthline.com/health/high-blood-pressure/can-high-blood-pressure-cause-insomnia) - [OCD](https://www.healthline.com/health/ocd/ocd-and-insomnia) - [Sleep Apnea](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-vs-sleep-apnea) - ### Complications Complications #### Related Articles - [Heart Health](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/how-insomnia-affects-your-heart) # Effects of Insomnia on the Body ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Thomas-Johnson-500x500-Bio1.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Thomas Johnson, PA-C]() — Written by Krista O'Connell — [Updated on April 9, 2025]() - [Health effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-concerns#health-effects) - [Causes](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-concerns#causes) - [Treatment](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-concerns#treatment) - [When to get help](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-concerns#when-to-get-help) - [Takeaway](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-concerns#takeaway) Insomnia may increase your risk of health conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure, and anxiety. It can be managed through lifestyle changes or medications. Almost everyone experiences occasional sleeplessness from time to time. Some external factors can affect your ability to get high quality sleep. These can include: - stress - jet lag - your sleep environment But if you regularly have difficulty sleeping through the night, it’s best to determine and treat the underlying cause. Not getting enough sleep can raise your risk of certain health conditions. Keep reading to learn about the effects of insomnia on the body, tips for managing insomnia, and when to get help from a professional. ## [Health effects of insomnia]() There are serious health effects associated with chronic insomnia. Chronic or long-term insomnia lasts [3 or more nights](https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia) per week for more than 3 months and can’t be explained by another health condition. ### Cardiovascular disease According to the [National Institutes of Health (NIH)](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep), chronic insomnia may increase your risk of: - [stroke](https://www.healthline.com/health/stroke) - [obesity](https://www.healthline.com/health/obesity) - [diabetes](https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes) - [high blood pressure](https://www.healthline.com/health/high-blood-pressure-hypertension) - [heart disease](https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease) ### Mental health conditions Individuals with [anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety-insomnia) may be [more prone](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1087079221001684) to insomnia. Insomnia can also increase the risk of developing anxiety or worsen existing anxiety. Insomnia [can also increase](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep) your risk of [depression](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression) and make existing depression worse. ### Cognition and concentration Insomnia can also affect your memory and concentration. Sleeplessness at night can make it harder to focus during the hours you are awake. A [2021 study](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11000697/) found that insomnia may increase the risk of developing a memory problem in older adults. According to the [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep), this is because your brain uses sleep to create and maintain pathways in your brain. Your brain is incredibly active while you are asleep and performs different functions during the different sleep cycles. Not getting enough sleep [may also increase](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10484328/) the risk of dementia, particularly among middle-aged adults. ### Immune health Chronic insomnia [can affect](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602722/) your immune system’s ability to regulate itself. This may lead to an increased risk of illness and affect the body’s ability to target illnesses. It may also increase the risk of chronic diseases, including: - neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease - cancer - autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis - metabolic diseases, like diabetes - cardiovascular diseases ### Increased risk of cancer and neurological disease Chronic insomnia can increase your risk of certain diseases. One reason for this is that while you’re sleeping, your brain [may remove](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep) toxins that build up during the day while you are awake. Without enough sleep, these toxins may continue to build up without being cleared. Chronic insomnia [may be associated](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10121030/) with an increased risk of developing cancer across all age groups. However, certain types of cancer may have an increased risk depending on your sex assigned at birth and your age. These can include: - leukemia - lung, kidney, and prostate cancers, in males - oral, thyroid, and nerve cancers, in females However, more research is still needed to fully understand the relationship between insomnia and cancer risk. ### Accidents Individuals with insomnia may also [have a higher risk](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214140521000244) of getting into traffic accidents compared to individuals without insomnia. This is likely because sleep deprivation can make you less aware and more prone to [microsleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/microsleep), or quick second-long bursts of sleep. Accidents may happen during these brief moments of sleep. ### Intrapersonal communication and emotions Sleep [benefits](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep) your emotions and emotional regulation. When you are in a sleep-deprived state, you may feel more prone to anger or have difficulty interpreting others’ emotions correctly. Not getting enough sleep [can affect](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9249692/) your ability to manage conflict with another person, which may lead to arguments and tension. This, in turn, can create stress. ## [What causes insomnia?]() Insomnia can have a variety of lifestyle [causes](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-causes), such as: - [age](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7731454/?ref=augmentive.ghost.io) - shift or night work - exposure to noise or light during the night - uncomfortable room temperature - jet lag - irregular sleep schedule - napping during the day - lack of [exercise](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-benefits-of-exercise) - [caffeine](https://www.healthline.com/health/caffeine-effects-on-body) use too close to bedtime - [electronic device use](https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-blue-light) close to bedtime - stress - major life changes - certain health conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, chronic pain, and menopause ## [How can you manage insomnia?]() There are many [strategies for treating insomnia](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ways-to-fall-asleep). Before you talk with a doctor about medications or therapy, you may consider making lifestyle changes to support an improved sleep routine. ### Lifestyle changes for better sleep - [Establishing a regular sleep schedule](https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sleep/how-to-fix-sleep-schedule) - Getting light exposure during the day and after dark to help regulate your circadian rhythm - Ensuring the bedroom is quiet and set at a [cool temperature](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/best-temperature-to-sleep) - [Avoiding electronic use](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/block-blue-light-to-sleep-better) at least 30 minutes before bedtime - Doing a relaxing activity to wind down for bed, like reading or [gentle yoga](https://www.healthline.com/health/yoga-for-insomnia) - Avoiding large meals before bedtime - Avoiding [alcohol](https://www.healthline.com/health/alcohol/effects-on-body) and caffeine close to bedtime - Getting regular exercise during the day - Going to bed only when you’re tired, which can help prevent anxiety about not being able to fall asleep - Using your bed only for sleep and sex - Eating a [balanced diet](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/plant-based-diet-guide) ### Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-I) The [American College of Physicians](https://www.acponline.org/acp-newsroom/acp-recommends-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-as-initial-treatment-forchronic-insomnia) recommends [cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-insomnia), or CBT-I, as the first-line treatment for chronic insomnia in adults. CBT-I is a form of therapy that helps you fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer by: - reframing negative or anxious thoughts about sleep - teaching you ways to relax and [sleep hygiene](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-hygiene) habits - initially restricting the amount of time you spend in bed to increase your drive to sleep - helping you associate going to bed with sleeping by recommending you go to bed only when you are sleepy and get out of bed if you cannot sleep ### Melatonin supplements Melatonin is a hormone your body makes to [help regulate sleep](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/melatonin-and-sleep) by telling your body it’s time for bed. An over-the-counter (OTC) melatonin supplement [may help](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/) you fall asleep faster and improve sleep quality. Even though it is available without a prescription, it’s best to talk with your doctor before taking melatonin. Your doctor will be able to advise you on whether melatonin is appropriate for your individual health needs. Your doctor may advise you to start with a 2 mg dose 30 minutes to 1 hour before bed. They may also advise you not to take it every night to see if it improves your sleep. Then, depending on your needs, they may increase the dose up to [10 mg](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/). Keep in mind that melatonin is generally [not recommended](https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know) for long term use, as researchers are still studying its possible effects. Some people may also experience nightmares while using melatonin. Some mild side effects have been reported for higher doses and extended-release options. These may [include](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/): - [headaches](https://www.healthline.com/health/headache) - [nausea](https://www.healthline.com/health/nausea) - drowsiness - daytime sleepiness Talk with your doctor if you experience any of these effects after taking melatonin. Moreover, it is important to remember that melatonin is [not FDA-approved](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/) for treating insomnia. Thus, any use of melatonin for insomnia would be [off-label](https://www.healthline.com/health/general-use/off-label-drug-use). ### Sleep medication Doctors may recommend [sleep medication](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-treatments) for some people with chronic insomnia. They’ll advise you on how long you should take any medication, if needed. It is not recommended to take sleeping pills on a long-term basis. Some of the [prescription medications](https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sleep/lunesta-vs-ambien) that a doctor may prescribe [include](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/sleep-disorder-sedative-hypnotic-drug-information): - estazolam - [zolpidem](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/zolpidem-oral-tablet) (Zolpimist) - zaleplon (Sonata) - ramelteon (Rozerem) - [eszopiclone](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/eszopiclone-oral-tablet) (Lunesta) These prescription pills may cause adverse effects, such as: - dizziness - [diarrhea](https://www.healthline.com/health/diarrhea) and nausea - drowsiness - severe [allergic reactions](https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/allergic-reaction) - memory problems If you experience any adverse effects, it’s best to talk with your doctor. They may recommend switching to a different medication or help you find alternatives to medication. ## [When should you get help for insomnia?]() Although it’s common to have insomnia from time to time, you should schedule an appointment with a doctor if you regularly experience insomnia or if the [lack of sleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/lack-of-sleep-headache) is negatively affecting your life. As part of the diagnostic process, your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. They will also want to know about your medications and overall medical history. This is to see if there’s an underlying cause for your insomnia. If there is, your doctor will treat that condition first. They may recommend a [sleep study](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/what-is-a-sleep-study). This overnight test evaluates your sleep quality and other factors that may impact it, such as sleep apnea. »Read More:[Are There Insomnia Doctors?](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-doctors) ## [The bottom line]() Insomnia may increase your risk for conditions such as heart disease, depression, and diabetes. It can also negatively impact your memory and increase your risk of accidents. Some lifestyle changes you can make to manage insomnia include establishing a regular sleep schedule, avoiding caffeine before bed, and getting regular exercise. However, if these changes do not work, you may consider asking your doctor about treatment for insomnia. ### How we reviewed this article: Sources History Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.healthline.com/about/process). - About Sleep. (2024). <https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about/index.html> - ACP Recommends cognitive behavioral therapy as initial treatment for chronic insomnia. (2016). <https://www.acponline.org/acp-newsroom/acp-recommends-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-as-initial-treatment-forchronic-insomnia> - Beydoun HA, et al. (2021). Insomnia as a predictor of diagnosed memory problems: 2006-2016 Health and Retirement Study. <https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11000697/> - Brain basics: Understanding sleep. (2025). <https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep> - Chellappa SL, et al. (2021). Sleep and anxiety: From mechanisms to interventions. <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1087079221001684> - Garbarino S, et al. (2021). Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes. <https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602722/> - Insomnia. (2025). <https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/insomnia> - Insomnia: What is insomnia? (2022). <https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia> - Lin Y-C, et al. (2021). Increased risk of road traffic injuries in individuals with insomnia. <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214140521000244> - Melatonin: What you need to know. (2024). <https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know> - Nguyen V, et al. (2019). Insomnia in older adults. <https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7731454/?ref=augmentive.ghost.io> - Savage RA, et al. (2024). Melatonin. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/> - Sleep disorder (sedative-hypnotic) drug information. (2023). <https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/sleep-disorder-sedative-hypnotic-drug-information> - Tan X, et al. (2023). Interactive association between insomnia symptoms and sleep duration for the risk of dementia—a prospective study in the Swedish National March Cohort. <https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10484328/> - Yoon K, et al. (2023). Risk of cancer in patients with insomnia: Nationwide retrospective cohort study (2009–2018). <https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10121030/> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Thomas-Johnson-500x500-Bio1.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Thomas Johnson, PA-C]() — Written by Krista O'Connell — [Updated on April 9, 2025]() © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. 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Readable Markdown	Insomnia may increase your risk of health conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure, and anxiety. It can be managed through lifestyle changes or medications. Almost everyone experiences occasional sleeplessness from time to time. Some external factors can affect your ability to get high quality sleep. These can include: - stress - jet lag - your sleep environment But if you regularly have difficulty sleeping through the night, it’s best to determine and treat the underlying cause. Not getting enough sleep can raise your risk of certain health conditions. Keep reading to learn about the effects of insomnia on the body, tips for managing insomnia, and when to get help from a professional. There are serious health effects associated with chronic insomnia. Chronic or long-term insomnia lasts [3 or more nights](https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia) per week for more than 3 months and can’t be explained by another health condition. Cardiovascular disease - [stroke](https://www.healthline.com/health/stroke) - [obesity](https://www.healthline.com/health/obesity) - [diabetes](https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes) - [high blood pressure](https://www.healthline.com/health/high-blood-pressure-hypertension) - [heart disease](https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease) Mental health conditions Individuals with [anxiety](https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety-insomnia) may be [more prone](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1087079221001684) to insomnia. Insomnia can also increase the risk of developing anxiety or worsen existing anxiety. Cognition and concentration Insomnia can also affect your memory and concentration. Sleeplessness at night can make it harder to focus during the hours you are awake. A [2021 study](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11000697/) found that insomnia may increase the risk of developing a memory problem in older adults. According to the [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep), this is because your brain uses sleep to create and maintain pathways in your brain. Your brain is incredibly active while you are asleep and performs different functions during the different sleep cycles. Not getting enough sleep [may also increase](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10484328/) the risk of dementia, particularly among middle-aged adults. Immune health Chronic insomnia [can affect](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602722/) your immune system’s ability to regulate itself. This may lead to an increased risk of illness and affect the body’s ability to target illnesses. It may also increase the risk of chronic diseases, including: - neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease - cancer - autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis - metabolic diseases, like diabetes - cardiovascular diseases Increased risk of cancer and neurological disease Chronic insomnia can increase your risk of certain diseases. One reason for this is that while you’re sleeping, your brain [may remove](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep) toxins that build up during the day while you are awake. Without enough sleep, these toxins may continue to build up without being cleared. Chronic insomnia [may be associated](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10121030/) with an increased risk of developing cancer across all age groups. However, certain types of cancer may have an increased risk depending on your sex assigned at birth and your age. These can include: - leukemia - lung, kidney, and prostate cancers, in males - oral, thyroid, and nerve cancers, in females However, more research is still needed to fully understand the relationship between insomnia and cancer risk. Accidents Individuals with insomnia may also [have a higher risk](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214140521000244) of getting into traffic accidents compared to individuals without insomnia. This is likely because sleep deprivation can make you less aware and more prone to [microsleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/microsleep), or quick second-long bursts of sleep. Accidents may happen during these brief moments of sleep. Intrapersonal communication and emotions Sleep [benefits](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep) your emotions and emotional regulation. When you are in a sleep-deprived state, you may feel more prone to anger or have difficulty interpreting others’ emotions correctly. Not getting enough sleep [can affect](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9249692/) your ability to manage conflict with another person, which may lead to arguments and tension. This, in turn, can create stress. Insomnia can have a variety of lifestyle [causes](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-causes), such as: - [age](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7731454/?ref=augmentive.ghost.io) - shift or night work - exposure to noise or light during the night - uncomfortable room temperature - jet lag - irregular sleep schedule - napping during the day - lack of [exercise](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-benefits-of-exercise) - [caffeine](https://www.healthline.com/health/caffeine-effects-on-body) use too close to bedtime - [electronic device use](https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-blue-light) close to bedtime - stress - major life changes - certain health conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, chronic pain, and menopause There are many [strategies for treating insomnia](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ways-to-fall-asleep). Before you talk with a doctor about medications or therapy, you may consider making lifestyle changes to support an improved sleep routine. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-I) CBT-I is a form of therapy that helps you fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer by: - reframing negative or anxious thoughts about sleep - teaching you ways to relax and [sleep hygiene](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-hygiene) habits - initially restricting the amount of time you spend in bed to increase your drive to sleep - helping you associate going to bed with sleeping by recommending you go to bed only when you are sleepy and get out of bed if you cannot sleep Melatonin supplements Melatonin is a hormone your body makes to [help regulate sleep](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/melatonin-and-sleep) by telling your body it’s time for bed. An over-the-counter (OTC) melatonin supplement [may help](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/) you fall asleep faster and improve sleep quality. Even though it is available without a prescription, it’s best to talk with your doctor before taking melatonin. Your doctor will be able to advise you on whether melatonin is appropriate for your individual health needs. Your doctor may advise you to start with a 2 mg dose 30 minutes to 1 hour before bed. They may also advise you not to take it every night to see if it improves your sleep. Then, depending on your needs, they may increase the dose up to [10 mg](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/). Keep in mind that melatonin is generally [not recommended](https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know) for long term use, as researchers are still studying its possible effects. Some people may also experience nightmares while using melatonin. Some mild side effects have been reported for higher doses and extended-release options. These may [include](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/): - [headaches](https://www.healthline.com/health/headache) - [nausea](https://www.healthline.com/health/nausea) - drowsiness - daytime sleepiness Talk with your doctor if you experience any of these effects after taking melatonin. Moreover, it is important to remember that melatonin is [not FDA-approved](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/) for treating insomnia. Thus, any use of melatonin for insomnia would be [off-label](https://www.healthline.com/health/general-use/off-label-drug-use). Sleep medication Doctors may recommend [sleep medication](https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-treatments) for some people with chronic insomnia. They’ll advise you on how long you should take any medication, if needed. It is not recommended to take sleeping pills on a long-term basis. - estazolam - [zolpidem](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/zolpidem-oral-tablet) (Zolpimist) - zaleplon (Sonata) - ramelteon (Rozerem) - [eszopiclone](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/eszopiclone-oral-tablet) (Lunesta) These prescription pills may cause adverse effects, such as: - dizziness - [diarrhea](https://www.healthline.com/health/diarrhea) and nausea - drowsiness - severe [allergic reactions](https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/allergic-reaction) - memory problems If you experience any adverse effects, it’s best to talk with your doctor. They may recommend switching to a different medication or help you find alternatives to medication. Although it’s common to have insomnia from time to time, you should schedule an appointment with a doctor if you regularly experience insomnia or if the [lack of sleep](https://www.healthline.com/health/lack-of-sleep-headache) is negatively affecting your life. As part of the diagnostic process, your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. They will also want to know about your medications and overall medical history. This is to see if there’s an underlying cause for your insomnia. If there is, your doctor will treat that condition first. They may recommend a [sleep study](https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/what-is-a-sleep-study). This overnight test evaluates your sleep quality and other factors that may impact it, such as sleep apnea. Insomnia may increase your risk for conditions such as heart disease, depression, and diabetes. It can also negatively impact your memory and increase your risk of accidents. Some lifestyle changes you can make to manage insomnia include establishing a regular sleep schedule, avoiding caffeine before bed, and getting regular exercise. However, if these changes do not work, you may consider asking your doctor about treatment for insomnia.
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