🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 98 (from laksa092)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa098.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/health/infection/antibiotic-side-effects\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/health/infection/antibiotic-side-effects\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/infection\/antibiotic-side-effects","crawl_time":1775044031,"first_indexed_time":1506552252,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,healthline!www,\/health\/infection\/antibiotic-side-effects s443","src_root_hash":"11478817528691466898","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Side Effects of Antibiotics Explained","meta_descriptions":["Antibiotics are prescription drugs that help treat infections. Some of the more common infections treated with antibiotics include bronchitis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. However, antibiotics can have side effects such as nausea, cramps, and fever. Learn more about antibiotics and their side effects."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Introduction\nAntibiotics are prescription drugs that help treat infections caused by bacteria. Some of the more common infections treated with antibiotics include\nbronchitis\n,\npneumonia\n, and\nurinary tract infections\n.\nAntibiotics work by killing the bacteria causing the infection, or by stopping the bacteria from growing and multiplying.\nAntibiotics only work to treat bacterial infections. They don’t work for\ninfections caused by viruses\n, which can include:\ncommon cold\nrunny nose\nmost coughs and bronchitis\nflu\nThere are many different groups, or classes, of antibiotics. These classes have side effects and typically affect men and women the same way. However, certain side effects are more common from some antibiotics than from others.\nRead on to learn about common side effects, how to manage them, and which antibiotics are more likely to cause them.\nStomach upset\nMany antibiotics cause stomach upset or other gastrointestinal side effects. These can include:\nnausea\nvomiting\ncramps\ndiarrhea\nMacrolide antibiotics, cephalosporins,\npenicillins\n, and fluoroquinolones may cause more stomach upset than other antibiotics.\nWhat to do\nAsk your doctor or pharmacist whether to take your antibiotic with food. Eating can help reduce stomach side effects from certain antibiotics such as\namoxicillin\nand\ndoxycycline\n(Doryx).\nHowever, this approach won’t work for all antibiotics. Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, must be taken on an empty stomach.\nTalk to your doctor to make sure you know how you’re supposed to take your drug and if there are other ways you can ease stomach side effects.\nWhen to call your doctor\nMild diarrhea usually clears up after you stop taking the drug. However, if the diarrhea is severe, it may cause:\nabdominal pain and cramping\nfever\nnausea\nmucus or blood in your stool\nThese symptoms can be caused by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in your intestines. In these cases, call your doctor right away.\nPhotosensitivity\nIf you’re taking an antibiotic, such as tetracycline, your body can become more sensitive to light. This effect can make light seem brighter in your eyes. It can also make your skin more prone to sunburn.\nPhotosensitivity\nshould go away after you finish taking the antibiotic.\nWhat to do\nIf you know you’ll be out in the sun, take certain precautions to stay safe and comfortable.\nBe sure to wear sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection, and reapply sunscreen as directed on the label.\nAlso, wear protective clothing and accessories, such as a hat and sunglasses.\nFever\nFevers are a common side effect of many medications, including antibiotics. A fever may occur because of an allergic reaction to a medication or as a bad side effect.\nDrug fevers can occur with any antibiotic, but they’re more common with the following:\nbeta-lactams\ncephalexin\nminocycline\nsulfonamides\nWhat to do\nIf you get a fever while taking an antibiotic, it will likely go away on its own. But, if your fever doesn’t go away after 24 to 48 hours, ask your doctor or pharmacist about using over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) to help reduce the fever.\nWhen to call your doctor\nIf you have a fever greater than 104°F (40°C), a skin rash, or trouble breathing, call your doctor or 911 right away.\nVaginal yeast infection\nAntibiotics decrease the amount of a helpful bacteria, lactobacillus, in the vagina. This “good bacteria” helps keep a naturally occurring fungus called\nCandida\nin check. When this natural balance is tipped in favor of\nCandida\ngrowth a yeast infection may occur.\nvaginal itching\nburning during urination or sex\nswelling around the vagina\nsoreness\npain during sex\nredness\nrash\nA whitish-gray and clumpy\ndischarge\nfrom the vagina, sometimes said to look like cottage cheese, is another sign you have a yeast infection.\nWhat to do\nFor simple yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe a vaginal antifungal cream, ointment, suppository, or an oral tablet. Examples include:\nbutoconazole\nclotrimazole\nmiconazole\nterconazole\nfluconazole\nMany of the creams, ointments, and suppositories are also available without a prescription.\nFor severe or complicated yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe longer duration of medication treatment.\nIf the infection recurs, your sexual partner may also have a yeast infection. You should use condoms when having sex if you suspect either of you has a yeast infection.\nAntibiotics such as tetracycline and doxycycline can cause permanent tooth staining in children whose teeth are still developing. This effect mostly occurs in children who are younger than 8 years of age.\nIf a pregnant woman takes these drugs, they may stain the developing child’s primary teeth.\nWhat to do\nAsk your doctor why they’re prescribing one of these antibiotics for you if you’re pregnant or for your child. Also, ask if there are other drug options that might work that don’t have this side effect.\nSerious side effects from antibiotics aren’t common, but they can occur. Some of the main serious side effects include:\nAllergic reactions\nAllergic reactions\nare possible with any medication, including antibiotics. Some allergic reactions can be mild, but others can be serious and need medical attention.\nIf you’re allergic to a certain antibiotic, you’ll have symptoms right after taking the drug. These symptoms can include trouble breathing, hives, and swelling of your tongue and throat.\nWhen to call your doctor\nIf you have\nhives\n, stop taking the drug and call your doctor. If you have swelling or trouble breathing, stop taking the drug and call 911 right away.\nStevens-Johnson syndrome\nStevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, but serious, disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. Mucous membranes are the moist linings of certain parts of your body, such as your nose, mouth, throat, and lungs.\nSJS is a reaction that can happen with any medication, including antibiotics. It occurs more often with antibiotics such as beta-lactams and sulfamethoxazole.\nTypically, SJS begins with flu-like symptoms, such as a fever or sore throat. These symptoms may be followed by blisters and a painful rash that spreads. Following that, the top layer of your skin can shed. Other symptoms can include:\nhives\nskin pain\nfever\ncough\nswelling of your face or tongue\npain in your mouth and throat\nWhat to do\nYou can’t prevent this condition, but you can try to reduce your risk.\nYou’re at increased risk for SJS if you have a weakened immune system, have had SJS in the past, or have a family history of SJS.\nIf you believe any of these conditions apply to you, talk to your doctor before taking an antibiotic.\nWhen to call your doctor\nCall 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have symptoms of SJS and think you have the condition.\nBlood reactions\nSome antibiotics can cause changes to your blood.\nFor example,\nleukopenia\nis a decrease in the number of white blood cells. It can lead to increased infections.\nAnother change is\nthrombocytopenia\n, which is a low level of platelets. This can cause bleeding, bruising, and slowed blood clotting.\nBeta-lactam antibiotics and sulfamethoxazole cause these side effects more often.\nWhat to do\nYou can’t prevent these reactions. However, you’re at higher risk if you have a weakened immune system. If your immune system is weak, discuss it with your doctor before you take an antibiotic.\nWhen to call your doctor\nCall your doctor if you have a new infection or one that appears abruptly after taking an antibiotic.\nCall 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you:\nhave serious bleeding that doesn’t stop\nhave bleeding from your rectum\ncough up a substance like coffee grounds\nHeart problems\nThe antibiotics most often linked with these side effects are erythromycin and some fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin. The antifungal terbinafine can also cause this problem.\nWhat to do\nIf you have an existing heart condition, tell your doctor before you start taking any kind of antibiotic. This information will help your doctor choose the right antibiotic for you.\nWhen to call your doctor\nCall your doctor if you have new or worsening heart pain, an irregular heart rhythm, or trouble breathing. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.\nTendonitis\nTendonitis\nis inflammation or irritation of a tendon. Tendons are thick cords that attach bone to muscle, and they can be found throughout your body.\nAntibiotics such as ciprofloxacin have been reported to cause tendonitis or tendon rupture. This is when the tendon tears or rips.\nAll people are at risk for tendon problems when taking certain antibiotics. However, certain people are at increased risk of tendon rupture. These include people who:\nhave existing kidney failure\nhave had a kidney, heart, or lung transplant\nhave had past tendon problems\nare taking steroids\nare older than 60 years\nWhat to do\nTalk to your doctor before starting a new antibiotic if you meet any of the increased risk factors. This information will help your doctor choose the correct antibiotic for you.\nWhen to call your doctor\nIf you have new or worsening tendon pain after taking your antibiotic, call your doctor. If the pain is severe, go to the nearest emergency room.\nSeizures\nIt’s rare for antibiotics to cause\nseizures\n, but it can happen.\nSeizures\nare more common with ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefixime and cephalexin.\nWhat to do\nIf you have\nepilepsy\nor a history of seizures, be sure to tell your doctor before you start taking any kind of antibiotic. That way, your doctor can choose an antibiotic that won’t make your condition worse or interact with your seizure medications.\nWhen to call your doctor\nCall your doctor if you have new seizures or your seizures get worse when you take an antibiotic.\nIf your doctor prescribes antibiotics for you, know that there are ways to manage side effects. Some questions you may want to ask your doctor about antibiotic side effects include:\nAm I likely to have side effects with this drug?\nWhat are your suggestions for dealing with side effects?\nAre there any antibiotics that could help me that are known to have fewer side effects?\nIt may also help to show your doctor this article and discuss it. Together, you can manage any side effects you may have from your antibiotic.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  Health Conditions\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n  \n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer Care](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/cancer-care)\n  - [Caregiving for Alzheimer's Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/alzheimers-disease)\n  - [Chronic Kidney Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/ckd)\n  - [Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/copd)\n  - [Digestive Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/digestive-health)\n  - [Eye Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/eye-health)\n  - [Heart Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/heart-health)\n  - [Menopause](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/menopause)\n  - [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health)\n  - [Migraine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/migraine)\n  - [Multiple Sclerosis (MS)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/multiple-sclerosis)\n  - 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Connect with us for all things health.\n\nSubscribe\n\n[Nutrition](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition)\n\n- Meal Kits\n  - [Overview](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/meal-kits)\n  - [Diets](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/meal-kits\/diets)\n  - [Meal Kits](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/meal-kits\/meal-kit-reviews)\n  - [Prepared Meals](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/meal-kits\/prepared-meal-reviews)\n  - [Comparisons](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/meal-kits\/comparisons)\n  - [Grocery Delivery](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/meal-kits\/grocery-delivery)\n- [Special Diets](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/diets)\n- [Healthy Eating](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/food-and-nutrients)\n- [Food Freedom](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/food-freedom)\n- [Conditions](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/nutrition-for-conditions)\n- [Feel Good Food](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/feel-good-food)\n- [Products](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/reviews\/nutrition-products)\n- [Vitamins & Supplements](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/vitamins-and-supplements)\n- [Sustainability](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/program\/the-sustainable-table)\n- [Weight Management](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/weight-management)\n\n# Side Effects of Antibiotics: What They Are and How to Manage Them\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alan-Carter-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Alan Carter, Pharm.D.]() — Written by [University of Illinois]() —  [Updated on April 19, 2019]()\n\n- [More common side effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/infection\/antibiotic-side-effects#more-common-side-effects)\n- [Tooth discoloration](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/infection\/antibiotic-side-effects#Tooth%20discoloration)\n- [Serious side effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/infection\/antibiotic-side-effects#serious-side-effects)\n- [Takeaway](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/infection\/antibiotic-side-effects#takeaway)\n\nIntroduction\n\nAntibiotics are prescription drugs that help treat infections caused by bacteria. Some of the more common infections treated with antibiotics include [bronchitis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bronchitis), [pneumonia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bacterial-pneumonia), and [urinary tract infections](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/urinary-tract-infection-adults).\n\nAntibiotics work by killing the bacteria causing the infection, or by stopping the bacteria from growing and multiplying.\n\nAntibiotics only work to treat bacterial infections. They don’t work for [infections caused by viruses](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/antibiotics-cant-cure-common-cold-doctors-told-to-stop-prescribing-them-011816), which can include:\n\n- common cold\n- runny nose\n- most coughs and bronchitis\n- flu\n\nThere are many different groups, or classes, of antibiotics. These classes have side effects and typically affect men and women the same way. However, certain side effects are more common from some antibiotics than from others.\n\nRead on to learn about common side effects, how to manage them, and which antibiotics are more likely to cause them.\n\n## [More common side effects]()\n### Stomach upset\nMany antibiotics cause stomach upset or other gastrointestinal side effects. These can include:\n\n- [nausea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/nausea)\n- [vomiting](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/vomiting)\n- cramps\n- [diarrhea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/diarrhea)\n\nMacrolide antibiotics, cephalosporins, [penicillins](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/penicillin-v-oral-tablet), and fluoroquinolones may cause more stomach upset than other antibiotics.\n\n**What to do**\n\nAsk your doctor or pharmacist whether to take your antibiotic with food. Eating can help reduce stomach side effects from certain antibiotics such as [amoxicillin](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/amoxicillin-oral-tablet) and [doxycycline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/doxycycline-oral-tablet) (Doryx).\n\nHowever, this approach won’t work for all antibiotics. Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, must be taken on an empty stomach.\n\nTalk to your doctor to make sure you know how you’re supposed to take your drug and if there are other ways you can ease stomach side effects.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nMild diarrhea usually clears up after you stop taking the drug. However, if the diarrhea is severe, it may cause:\n\n- abdominal pain and cramping\n- [fever](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/fever)\n- nausea\n- mucus or blood in your stool\n\nThese symptoms can be caused by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in your intestines. In these cases, call your doctor right away.\n\n### Photosensitivity\nIf you’re taking an antibiotic, such as tetracycline, your body can become more sensitive to light. This effect can make light seem brighter in your eyes. It can also make your skin more prone to sunburn.\n\n[Photosensitivity](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/photosensitivity) should go away after you finish taking the antibiotic.\n\n**What to do**\n\nIf you know you’ll be out in the sun, take certain precautions to stay safe and comfortable.\n\nBe sure to wear sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection, and reapply sunscreen as directed on the label.\n\nAlso, wear protective clothing and accessories, such as a hat and sunglasses.\n\n### Fever\nFevers are a common side effect of many medications, including antibiotics. A fever may occur because of an allergic reaction to a medication or as a bad side effect.\n\nDrug fevers can occur with any antibiotic, but they’re more common with the following:\n\n- beta-lactams\n- cephalexin\n- minocycline\n- sulfonamides\n\n**What to do**\n\nIf you get a fever while taking an antibiotic, it will likely go away on its own. But, if your fever doesn’t go away after 24 to 48 hours, ask your doctor or pharmacist about using over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) to help reduce the fever.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nIf you have a fever greater than 104°F (40°C), a skin rash, or trouble breathing, call your doctor or 911 right away.\n\n### Vaginal yeast infection\nAntibiotics decrease the amount of a helpful bacteria, lactobacillus, in the vagina. This “good bacteria” helps keep a naturally occurring fungus called *Candida* in check. When this natural balance is tipped in favor of *Candida* growth a yeast infection may occur.\n\n[Symptoms include](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaginal-yeast-infection):\n\n- vaginal itching\n- burning during urination or sex\n- swelling around the vagina\n- soreness\n- pain during sex\n- redness\n- rash\n\nA whitish-gray and clumpy [discharge](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaginal-discharge) from the vagina, sometimes said to look like cottage cheese, is another sign you have a yeast infection.\n\n**What to do**\n\nFor simple yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe a vaginal antifungal cream, ointment, suppository, or an oral tablet. Examples include:\n\n- butoconazole\n- clotrimazole\n- miconazole\n- terconazole\n- fluconazole\n\nMany of the creams, ointments, and suppositories are also available without a prescription.\n\nFor severe or complicated yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe longer duration of medication treatment.\n\nIf the infection recurs, your sexual partner may also have a yeast infection. You should use condoms when having sex if you suspect either of you has a yeast infection.\n\n## [Tooth discoloration]()\nAntibiotics such as tetracycline and doxycycline can cause permanent tooth staining in children whose teeth are still developing. This effect mostly occurs in children who are younger than 8 years of age.\n\nIf a pregnant woman takes these drugs, they may stain the developing child’s primary teeth.\n\n**What to do**\n\nAsk your doctor why they’re prescribing one of these antibiotics for you if you’re pregnant or for your child. Also, ask if there are other drug options that might work that don’t have this side effect.\n\n## [Serious side effects]()\nSerious side effects from antibiotics aren’t common, but they can occur. Some of the main serious side effects include:\n\n### Allergic reactions\n[Allergic reactions](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/allergies\/allergic-reaction) are possible with any medication, including antibiotics. Some allergic reactions can be mild, but others can be serious and need medical attention.\n\nIf you’re allergic to a certain antibiotic, you’ll have symptoms right after taking the drug. These symptoms can include trouble breathing, hives, and swelling of your tongue and throat.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nIf you have [hives](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hives), stop taking the drug and call your doctor. If you have swelling or trouble breathing, stop taking the drug and call 911 right away.\n\n### Stevens-Johnson syndrome\nStevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, but serious, disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. Mucous membranes are the moist linings of certain parts of your body, such as your nose, mouth, throat, and lungs.\n\nSJS is a reaction that can happen with any medication, including antibiotics. It occurs more often with antibiotics such as beta-lactams and sulfamethoxazole.\n\nTypically, SJS begins with flu-like symptoms, such as a fever or sore throat. These symptoms may be followed by blisters and a painful rash that spreads. Following that, the top layer of your skin can shed. Other symptoms can include:\n\n- [hives](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hives)\n- skin pain\n- fever\n- cough\n- swelling of your face or tongue\n- pain in your mouth and throat\n\n**What to do**\n\nYou can’t prevent this condition, but you can try to reduce your risk.\n\nYou’re at increased risk for SJS if you have a weakened immune system, have had SJS in the past, or have a family history of SJS.\n\nIf you believe any of these conditions apply to you, talk to your doctor before taking an antibiotic.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nCall 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have symptoms of SJS and think you have the condition.\n\n### Blood reactions\nSome antibiotics can cause changes to your blood.\n\nFor example, [leukopenia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/leukopenia) is a decrease in the number of white blood cells. It can lead to increased infections.\n\nAnother change is [thrombocytopenia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/thrombocytopenia), which is a low level of platelets. This can cause bleeding, bruising, and slowed blood clotting.\n\nBeta-lactam antibiotics and sulfamethoxazole cause these side effects more often.\n\n**What to do**\n\nYou can’t prevent these reactions. However, you’re at higher risk if you have a weakened immune system. If your immune system is weak, discuss it with your doctor before you take an antibiotic.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nCall your doctor if you have a new infection or one that appears abruptly after taking an antibiotic.\n\nCall 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you:\n\n- have serious bleeding that doesn’t stop\n- have bleeding from your rectum\n- cough up a substance like coffee grounds\n### Heart problems\nIn rare cases, certain antibiotics can cause heart problems such as an [irregular heartbeat](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/abnormal-heart-rhythms) or [low blood pressure](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/low-blood-pressure).\n\nThe antibiotics most often linked with these side effects are erythromycin and some fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin. The antifungal terbinafine can also cause this problem.\n\n**What to do**\n\nIf you have an existing heart condition, tell your doctor before you start taking any kind of antibiotic. This information will help your doctor choose the right antibiotic for you.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nCall your doctor if you have new or worsening heart pain, an irregular heart rhythm, or trouble breathing. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.\n\n### Tendonitis\n[Tendonitis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/tendon-inflammation) is inflammation or irritation of a tendon. Tendons are thick cords that attach bone to muscle, and they can be found throughout your body.\n\nAntibiotics such as ciprofloxacin have been reported to cause tendonitis or tendon rupture. This is when the tendon tears or rips.\n\nAll people are at risk for tendon problems when taking certain antibiotics. However, certain people are at increased risk of tendon rupture. These include people who:\n\n- have existing kidney failure\n- have had a kidney, heart, or lung transplant\n- have had past tendon problems\n- are taking steroids\n- are older than 60 years\n\n**What to do**\n\nTalk to your doctor before starting a new antibiotic if you meet any of the increased risk factors. This information will help your doctor choose the correct antibiotic for you.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nIf you have new or worsening tendon pain after taking your antibiotic, call your doctor. If the pain is severe, go to the nearest emergency room.\n\n### Seizures\nIt’s rare for antibiotics to cause [seizures](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/seizures), but it can happen. [Seizures](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/seizures) are more common with ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefixime and cephalexin.\n\n**What to do**\n\nIf you have [epilepsy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/epilepsy) or a history of seizures, be sure to tell your doctor before you start taking any kind of antibiotic. That way, your doctor can choose an antibiotic that won’t make your condition worse or interact with your seizure medications.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nCall your doctor if you have new seizures or your seizures get worse when you take an antibiotic.\n\n## [Talk with your doctor]()\nIf your doctor prescribes antibiotics for you, know that there are ways to manage side effects. Some questions you may want to ask your doctor about antibiotic side effects include:\n\n- Am I likely to have side effects with this drug?\n- What are your suggestions for dealing with side effects?\n- Are there any antibiotics that could help me that are known to have fewer side effects?\n\nIt may also help to show your doctor this article and discuss it. Together, you can manage any side effects you may have from your antibiotic.\n\n### Q:\nIf I have bad side effects from my antibiotic, can I stop taking the medication?\n\nAnonymous patient\n\n### A:\nThat’s a big “No.” You should never stop taking an antibiotic without first talking with your doctor.\n\nStopping an antibiotic treatment before it’s finished can cause the infection to return, perhaps even stronger than before. If it returns, it could be resistant to the antibiotic you were taking. That means the drug wouldn’t work to treat your infection.\n\nBad side effects from your antibiotic can be difficult, though, so call your doctor. They can suggest ways to reduce your side effects. If those don’t work, they may suggest another medication. The important part is to finish your full course of antibiotics.\n\n[Healthline Medical Team](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/reviewers)\n\nAnswers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nHealthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/process).\n\n- Antibiotics.(2015).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/medlineplus\/antibiotics.html>\n- AchromycinV - tetracycline hcl capsule. (2014).  \n  <https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/drugInfo.cfm?setid=eaecd9a1-e13e-49b1-8b3c-8e1ef016cacd>\n- Ciprofloxacin- ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablet, film coated. (2012).  \n  <https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d54a97d5-3664-4ca5-bffd-8366c7255b73>\n- CunhaBA. (2001). Antibiotic side effects. DOI:  \n  <http:\/\/www.medical.theclinics.com\/article\/S0025-7125(05)70309-6\/fulltext>\n- MayoClinic Staff. (2016). Antibiotic-associated diarrhea.  \n  <https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20352231>\n- MayoClinic Staff. (2018). Stevens-Johnson syndrome.  \n  <https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/stevens-johnson-syndrome\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355936>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alan-Carter-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Alan Carter, Pharm.D.]() — Written by [University of Illinois]() —  [Updated on April 19, 2019]()\n\n## related stories\n- [How Do Antibiotics Work?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-do-antibiotics-work?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Which Antibiotics Treat Tooth Infections?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics-for-tooth-infections?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What Is Monolaurin?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/monolaurin?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [How Long Does It Take for Amoxicillin to Work?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/how-long-does-it-take-for-amoxicillin-to-work?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Can You Drink Alcohol While Taking Doxycycline?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/doxycycline-and-alcohol?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n### Read this next\n- [How Do Antibiotics Work?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-do-antibiotics-work?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Alan Carter, Pharm.D.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Antibiotics are powerful, lifesaving medications used to fight infections caused by bacteria. Learn more here.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-do-antibiotics-work?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-do-antibiotics-work?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Which Antibiotics Treat Tooth Infections?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics-for-tooth-infections?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Antibiotics are a common treatment for tooth infections to kill dangerous bacteria and prevent your infection from spreading. We’ll talk about the…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics-for-tooth-infections?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics-for-tooth-infections?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What Is Monolaurin?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/monolaurin?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [What is monolaurin? Learn about this byproduct of coconut fat and its potential benefits for your health.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/monolaurin?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/monolaurin?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [How Long Does It Take for Amoxicillin to Work?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/how-long-does-it-take-for-amoxicillin-to-work?utm_source=ReadNext)[READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/how-long-does-it-take-for-amoxicillin-to-work?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Can You Drink Alcohol While Taking Doxycycline?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/doxycycline-and-alcohol?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Jennie Olopaade, PharmD, RPH](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Should you drink alcohol while taking the popular antibiotic doxycycline? What will happen if you do? Get answers to these and other questions about…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/doxycycline-and-alcohol?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/doxycycline-and-alcohol?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What Happens When Bacteria Become Resistant to Antibiotics](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics\/antibiotic-resistance?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Antibiotic resistance refers to bacteria that are no longer contained or killed by antibiotics. We explain why this is a problem and what we can do…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics\/antibiotic-resistance?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics\/antibiotic-resistance?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Understanding the Relationship Between Antibiotics and Bacteria](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics\/how-do-bacteria-become-resistant-to-antibiotics?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Alana Biggers, M.D., MPH](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria develop genetic mutations that allow them to survive an antibiotic. Here is a look at how this happens and…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics\/how-do-bacteria-become-resistant-to-antibiotics?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics\/how-do-bacteria-become-resistant-to-antibiotics?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Antibiotics Can Kill Healthy Gut Bacteria: Here’s What to Eat to Counter That](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/antibiotics-can-kill-healthy-gut-bacteria-heres-what-to-eat-to-counter-that?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Experts say some antibiotics can kill healthy gut bacteria. They recommend people eat yogurt and other fermented foods while taking the medications.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/antibiotics-can-kill-healthy-gut-bacteria-heres-what-to-eat-to-counter-that?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/antibiotics-can-kill-healthy-gut-bacteria-heres-what-to-eat-to-counter-that?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What Are the Most Common Antibiotics?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics\/names-of-common-antibiotics?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Jennie Olopaade, PharmD, RPH](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Antibiotics are a common and important type of medicine that treats bacterial infections. We've rounded up a list of the most common antibiotics.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics\/names-of-common-antibiotics?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antibiotics\/names-of-common-antibiotics?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [How Tetracycline Affects Teeth (and What to Do About It)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/tetracycline-teeth?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Jennifer Archibald, DDS](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Learn about the antibiotic tetracycline, including how it affects the teeth and what you can do about it.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/tetracycline-teeth?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/tetracycline-teeth?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/contact-us)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/privacy-policy)\n- Privacy Settings\n- [Advertising Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/advertising-policy)\n- [Health Topics](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n\n- [Sitemap](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sitemap)\n- [Medical Affairs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n- [Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n- [Newsletters](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup)\n- © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Introduction\n\nAntibiotics are prescription drugs that help treat infections caused by bacteria. Some of the more common infections treated with antibiotics include [bronchitis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bronchitis), [pneumonia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bacterial-pneumonia), and [urinary tract infections](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/urinary-tract-infection-adults).\n\nAntibiotics work by killing the bacteria causing the infection, or by stopping the bacteria from growing and multiplying.\n\nAntibiotics only work to treat bacterial infections. They don’t work for [infections caused by viruses](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/antibiotics-cant-cure-common-cold-doctors-told-to-stop-prescribing-them-011816), which can include:\n\n- common cold\n- runny nose\n- most coughs and bronchitis\n- flu\n\nThere are many different groups, or classes, of antibiotics. These classes have side effects and typically affect men and women the same way. However, certain side effects are more common from some antibiotics than from others.\n\nRead on to learn about common side effects, how to manage them, and which antibiotics are more likely to cause them.\n\nStomach upset\n\nMany antibiotics cause stomach upset or other gastrointestinal side effects. These can include:\n\n- [nausea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/nausea)\n- [vomiting](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/vomiting)\n- cramps\n- [diarrhea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/diarrhea)\n\nMacrolide antibiotics, cephalosporins, [penicillins](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/penicillin-v-oral-tablet), and fluoroquinolones may cause more stomach upset than other antibiotics.\n\n**What to do**\n\nAsk your doctor or pharmacist whether to take your antibiotic with food. Eating can help reduce stomach side effects from certain antibiotics such as [amoxicillin](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/amoxicillin-oral-tablet) and [doxycycline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/doxycycline-oral-tablet) (Doryx).\n\nHowever, this approach won’t work for all antibiotics. Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, must be taken on an empty stomach.\n\nTalk to your doctor to make sure you know how you’re supposed to take your drug and if there are other ways you can ease stomach side effects.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nMild diarrhea usually clears up after you stop taking the drug. However, if the diarrhea is severe, it may cause:\n\n- abdominal pain and cramping\n- [fever](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/fever)\n- nausea\n- mucus or blood in your stool\n\nThese symptoms can be caused by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in your intestines. In these cases, call your doctor right away.\n\nPhotosensitivity\n\nIf you’re taking an antibiotic, such as tetracycline, your body can become more sensitive to light. This effect can make light seem brighter in your eyes. It can also make your skin more prone to sunburn.\n\n[Photosensitivity](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/photosensitivity) should go away after you finish taking the antibiotic.\n\n**What to do**\n\nIf you know you’ll be out in the sun, take certain precautions to stay safe and comfortable.\n\nBe sure to wear sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection, and reapply sunscreen as directed on the label.\n\nAlso, wear protective clothing and accessories, such as a hat and sunglasses.\n\nFever\n\nFevers are a common side effect of many medications, including antibiotics. A fever may occur because of an allergic reaction to a medication or as a bad side effect.\n\nDrug fevers can occur with any antibiotic, but they’re more common with the following:\n\n- beta-lactams\n- cephalexin\n- minocycline\n- sulfonamides\n\n**What to do**\n\nIf you get a fever while taking an antibiotic, it will likely go away on its own. But, if your fever doesn’t go away after 24 to 48 hours, ask your doctor or pharmacist about using over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) to help reduce the fever.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nIf you have a fever greater than 104°F (40°C), a skin rash, or trouble breathing, call your doctor or 911 right away.\n\nVaginal yeast infection\n\nAntibiotics decrease the amount of a helpful bacteria, lactobacillus, in the vagina. This “good bacteria” helps keep a naturally occurring fungus called *Candida* in check. When this natural balance is tipped in favor of *Candida* growth a yeast infection may occur.\n\n- vaginal itching\n- burning during urination or sex\n- swelling around the vagina\n- soreness\n- pain during sex\n- redness\n- rash\n\nA whitish-gray and clumpy [discharge](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaginal-discharge) from the vagina, sometimes said to look like cottage cheese, is another sign you have a yeast infection.\n\n**What to do**\n\nFor simple yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe a vaginal antifungal cream, ointment, suppository, or an oral tablet. Examples include:\n\n- butoconazole\n- clotrimazole\n- miconazole\n- terconazole\n- fluconazole\n\nMany of the creams, ointments, and suppositories are also available without a prescription.\n\nFor severe or complicated yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe longer duration of medication treatment.\n\nIf the infection recurs, your sexual partner may also have a yeast infection. You should use condoms when having sex if you suspect either of you has a yeast infection.\n\nAntibiotics such as tetracycline and doxycycline can cause permanent tooth staining in children whose teeth are still developing. This effect mostly occurs in children who are younger than 8 years of age.\n\nIf a pregnant woman takes these drugs, they may stain the developing child’s primary teeth.\n\n**What to do**\n\nAsk your doctor why they’re prescribing one of these antibiotics for you if you’re pregnant or for your child. Also, ask if there are other drug options that might work that don’t have this side effect.\n\nSerious side effects from antibiotics aren’t common, but they can occur. Some of the main serious side effects include:\n\nAllergic reactions\n\n[Allergic reactions](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/allergies\/allergic-reaction) are possible with any medication, including antibiotics. Some allergic reactions can be mild, but others can be serious and need medical attention.\n\nIf you’re allergic to a certain antibiotic, you’ll have symptoms right after taking the drug. These symptoms can include trouble breathing, hives, and swelling of your tongue and throat.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nIf you have [hives](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hives), stop taking the drug and call your doctor. If you have swelling or trouble breathing, stop taking the drug and call 911 right away.\n\nStevens-Johnson syndrome\n\nStevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, but serious, disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. Mucous membranes are the moist linings of certain parts of your body, such as your nose, mouth, throat, and lungs.\n\nSJS is a reaction that can happen with any medication, including antibiotics. It occurs more often with antibiotics such as beta-lactams and sulfamethoxazole.\n\nTypically, SJS begins with flu-like symptoms, such as a fever or sore throat. These symptoms may be followed by blisters and a painful rash that spreads. Following that, the top layer of your skin can shed. Other symptoms can include:\n\n- [hives](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hives)\n- skin pain\n- fever\n- cough\n- swelling of your face or tongue\n- pain in your mouth and throat\n\n**What to do**\n\nYou can’t prevent this condition, but you can try to reduce your risk.\n\nYou’re at increased risk for SJS if you have a weakened immune system, have had SJS in the past, or have a family history of SJS.\n\nIf you believe any of these conditions apply to you, talk to your doctor before taking an antibiotic.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nCall 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have symptoms of SJS and think you have the condition.\n\nBlood reactions\n\nSome antibiotics can cause changes to your blood.\n\nFor example, [leukopenia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/leukopenia) is a decrease in the number of white blood cells. It can lead to increased infections.\n\nAnother change is [thrombocytopenia](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/thrombocytopenia), which is a low level of platelets. This can cause bleeding, bruising, and slowed blood clotting.\n\nBeta-lactam antibiotics and sulfamethoxazole cause these side effects more often.\n\n**What to do**\n\nYou can’t prevent these reactions. However, you’re at higher risk if you have a weakened immune system. If your immune system is weak, discuss it with your doctor before you take an antibiotic.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nCall your doctor if you have a new infection or one that appears abruptly after taking an antibiotic.\n\nCall 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you:\n\n- have serious bleeding that doesn’t stop\n- have bleeding from your rectum\n- cough up a substance like coffee grounds\n\nHeart problems\n\nThe antibiotics most often linked with these side effects are erythromycin and some fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin. The antifungal terbinafine can also cause this problem.\n\n**What to do**\n\nIf you have an existing heart condition, tell your doctor before you start taking any kind of antibiotic. This information will help your doctor choose the right antibiotic for you.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nCall your doctor if you have new or worsening heart pain, an irregular heart rhythm, or trouble breathing. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.\n\nTendonitis\n\n[Tendonitis](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/tendon-inflammation) is inflammation or irritation of a tendon. Tendons are thick cords that attach bone to muscle, and they can be found throughout your body.\n\nAntibiotics such as ciprofloxacin have been reported to cause tendonitis or tendon rupture. This is when the tendon tears or rips.\n\nAll people are at risk for tendon problems when taking certain antibiotics. However, certain people are at increased risk of tendon rupture. These include people who:\n\n- have existing kidney failure\n- have had a kidney, heart, or lung transplant\n- have had past tendon problems\n- are taking steroids\n- are older than 60 years\n\n**What to do**\n\nTalk to your doctor before starting a new antibiotic if you meet any of the increased risk factors. This information will help your doctor choose the correct antibiotic for you.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nIf you have new or worsening tendon pain after taking your antibiotic, call your doctor. If the pain is severe, go to the nearest emergency room.\n\nSeizures\n\nIt’s rare for antibiotics to cause [seizures](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/seizures), but it can happen. [Seizures](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/symptom\/seizures) are more common with ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefixime and cephalexin.\n\n**What to do**\n\nIf you have [epilepsy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/epilepsy) or a history of seizures, be sure to tell your doctor before you start taking any kind of antibiotic. That way, your doctor can choose an antibiotic that won’t make your condition worse or interact with your seizure medications.\n\n**When to call your doctor**\n\nCall your doctor if you have new seizures or your seizures get worse when you take an antibiotic.\n\nIf your doctor prescribes antibiotics for you, know that there are ways to manage side effects. Some questions you may want to ask your doctor about antibiotic side effects include:\n\n- Am I likely to have side effects with this drug?\n- What are your suggestions for dealing with side effects?\n- Are there any antibiotics that could help me that are known to have fewer side effects?\n\nIt may also help to show your doctor this article and discuss it. Together, you can manage any side effects you may have from your antibiotic.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Side Effects of Antibiotics Explained
Meta Description	Antibiotics are prescription drugs that help treat infections. Some of the more common infections treated with antibiotics include bronchitis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. However, antibiotics can have side effects such as nausea, cramps, and fever. Learn more about antibiotics and their side effects.
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Boilerpipe Text	Introduction Antibiotics are prescription drugs that help treat infections caused by bacteria. Some of the more common infections treated with antibiotics include bronchitis , pneumonia , and urinary tract infections . Antibiotics work by killing the bacteria causing the infection, or by stopping the bacteria from growing and multiplying. Antibiotics only work to treat bacterial infections. They don’t work for infections caused by viruses , which can include: common cold runny nose most coughs and bronchitis flu There are many different groups, or classes, of antibiotics. These classes have side effects and typically affect men and women the same way. However, certain side effects are more common from some antibiotics than from others. Read on to learn about common side effects, how to manage them, and which antibiotics are more likely to cause them. Stomach upset Many antibiotics cause stomach upset or other gastrointestinal side effects. These can include: nausea vomiting cramps diarrhea Macrolide antibiotics, cephalosporins, penicillins , and fluoroquinolones may cause more stomach upset than other antibiotics. What to do Ask your doctor or pharmacist whether to take your antibiotic with food. Eating can help reduce stomach side effects from certain antibiotics such as amoxicillin and doxycycline (Doryx). However, this approach won’t work for all antibiotics. Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, must be taken on an empty stomach. Talk to your doctor to make sure you know how you’re supposed to take your drug and if there are other ways you can ease stomach side effects. When to call your doctor Mild diarrhea usually clears up after you stop taking the drug. However, if the diarrhea is severe, it may cause: abdominal pain and cramping fever nausea mucus or blood in your stool These symptoms can be caused by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in your intestines. In these cases, call your doctor right away. Photosensitivity If you’re taking an antibiotic, such as tetracycline, your body can become more sensitive to light. This effect can make light seem brighter in your eyes. It can also make your skin more prone to sunburn. Photosensitivity should go away after you finish taking the antibiotic. What to do If you know you’ll be out in the sun, take certain precautions to stay safe and comfortable. Be sure to wear sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection, and reapply sunscreen as directed on the label. Also, wear protective clothing and accessories, such as a hat and sunglasses. Fever Fevers are a common side effect of many medications, including antibiotics. A fever may occur because of an allergic reaction to a medication or as a bad side effect. Drug fevers can occur with any antibiotic, but they’re more common with the following: beta-lactams cephalexin minocycline sulfonamides What to do If you get a fever while taking an antibiotic, it will likely go away on its own. But, if your fever doesn’t go away after 24 to 48 hours, ask your doctor or pharmacist about using over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) to help reduce the fever. When to call your doctor If you have a fever greater than 104°F (40°C), a skin rash, or trouble breathing, call your doctor or 911 right away. Vaginal yeast infection Antibiotics decrease the amount of a helpful bacteria, lactobacillus, in the vagina. This “good bacteria” helps keep a naturally occurring fungus called Candida in check. When this natural balance is tipped in favor of Candida growth a yeast infection may occur. vaginal itching burning during urination or sex swelling around the vagina soreness pain during sex redness rash A whitish-gray and clumpy discharge from the vagina, sometimes said to look like cottage cheese, is another sign you have a yeast infection. What to do For simple yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe a vaginal antifungal cream, ointment, suppository, or an oral tablet. Examples include: butoconazole clotrimazole miconazole terconazole fluconazole Many of the creams, ointments, and suppositories are also available without a prescription. For severe or complicated yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe longer duration of medication treatment. If the infection recurs, your sexual partner may also have a yeast infection. You should use condoms when having sex if you suspect either of you has a yeast infection. Antibiotics such as tetracycline and doxycycline can cause permanent tooth staining in children whose teeth are still developing. This effect mostly occurs in children who are younger than 8 years of age. If a pregnant woman takes these drugs, they may stain the developing child’s primary teeth. What to do Ask your doctor why they’re prescribing one of these antibiotics for you if you’re pregnant or for your child. Also, ask if there are other drug options that might work that don’t have this side effect. Serious side effects from antibiotics aren’t common, but they can occur. Some of the main serious side effects include: Allergic reactions Allergic reactions are possible with any medication, including antibiotics. Some allergic reactions can be mild, but others can be serious and need medical attention. If you’re allergic to a certain antibiotic, you’ll have symptoms right after taking the drug. These symptoms can include trouble breathing, hives, and swelling of your tongue and throat. When to call your doctor If you have hives , stop taking the drug and call your doctor. If you have swelling or trouble breathing, stop taking the drug and call 911 right away. Stevens-Johnson syndrome Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, but serious, disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. Mucous membranes are the moist linings of certain parts of your body, such as your nose, mouth, throat, and lungs. SJS is a reaction that can happen with any medication, including antibiotics. It occurs more often with antibiotics such as beta-lactams and sulfamethoxazole. Typically, SJS begins with flu-like symptoms, such as a fever or sore throat. These symptoms may be followed by blisters and a painful rash that spreads. Following that, the top layer of your skin can shed. Other symptoms can include: hives skin pain fever cough swelling of your face or tongue pain in your mouth and throat What to do You can’t prevent this condition, but you can try to reduce your risk. You’re at increased risk for SJS if you have a weakened immune system, have had SJS in the past, or have a family history of SJS. If you believe any of these conditions apply to you, talk to your doctor before taking an antibiotic. When to call your doctor Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have symptoms of SJS and think you have the condition. Blood reactions Some antibiotics can cause changes to your blood. For example, leukopenia is a decrease in the number of white blood cells. It can lead to increased infections. Another change is thrombocytopenia , which is a low level of platelets. This can cause bleeding, bruising, and slowed blood clotting. Beta-lactam antibiotics and sulfamethoxazole cause these side effects more often. What to do You can’t prevent these reactions. However, you’re at higher risk if you have a weakened immune system. If your immune system is weak, discuss it with your doctor before you take an antibiotic. When to call your doctor Call your doctor if you have a new infection or one that appears abruptly after taking an antibiotic. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you: have serious bleeding that doesn’t stop have bleeding from your rectum cough up a substance like coffee grounds Heart problems The antibiotics most often linked with these side effects are erythromycin and some fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin. The antifungal terbinafine can also cause this problem. What to do If you have an existing heart condition, tell your doctor before you start taking any kind of antibiotic. This information will help your doctor choose the right antibiotic for you. When to call your doctor Call your doctor if you have new or worsening heart pain, an irregular heart rhythm, or trouble breathing. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. Tendonitis Tendonitis is inflammation or irritation of a tendon. Tendons are thick cords that attach bone to muscle, and they can be found throughout your body. Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin have been reported to cause tendonitis or tendon rupture. This is when the tendon tears or rips. All people are at risk for tendon problems when taking certain antibiotics. However, certain people are at increased risk of tendon rupture. These include people who: have existing kidney failure have had a kidney, heart, or lung transplant have had past tendon problems are taking steroids are older than 60 years What to do Talk to your doctor before starting a new antibiotic if you meet any of the increased risk factors. This information will help your doctor choose the correct antibiotic for you. When to call your doctor If you have new or worsening tendon pain after taking your antibiotic, call your doctor. If the pain is severe, go to the nearest emergency room. Seizures It’s rare for antibiotics to cause seizures , but it can happen. Seizures are more common with ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefixime and cephalexin. What to do If you have epilepsy or a history of seizures, be sure to tell your doctor before you start taking any kind of antibiotic. That way, your doctor can choose an antibiotic that won’t make your condition worse or interact with your seizure medications. When to call your doctor Call your doctor if you have new seizures or your seizures get worse when you take an antibiotic. If your doctor prescribes antibiotics for you, know that there are ways to manage side effects. Some questions you may want to ask your doctor about antibiotic side effects include: Am I likely to have side effects with this drug? What are your suggestions for dealing with side effects? Are there any antibiotics that could help me that are known to have fewer side effects? It may also help to show your doctor this article and discuss it. Together, you can manage any side effects you may have from your antibiotic.
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Subscribe [Nutrition](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition) - Meal Kits - [Overview](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/meal-kits) - [Diets](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/meal-kits/diets) - [Meal Kits](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/meal-kits/meal-kit-reviews) - [Prepared Meals](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/meal-kits/prepared-meal-reviews) - [Comparisons](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/meal-kits/comparisons) - [Grocery Delivery](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/meal-kits/grocery-delivery) - [Special Diets](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/diets) - [Healthy Eating](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-and-nutrients) - [Food Freedom](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-freedom) - [Conditions](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/nutrition-for-conditions) - [Feel Good Food](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/feel-good-food) - [Products](https://www.healthline.com/reviews/nutrition-products) - [Vitamins & Supplements](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vitamins-and-supplements) - [Sustainability](https://www.healthline.com/program/the-sustainable-table) - [Weight Management](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/weight-management) # Side Effects of Antibiotics: What They Are and How to Manage Them ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Alan-Carter-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Alan Carter, Pharm.D.]() — Written by [University of Illinois]() — [Updated on April 19, 2019]() - [More common side effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/infection/antibiotic-side-effects#more-common-side-effects) - [Tooth discoloration](https://www.healthline.com/health/infection/antibiotic-side-effects#Tooth%20discoloration) - [Serious side effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/infection/antibiotic-side-effects#serious-side-effects) - [Takeaway](https://www.healthline.com/health/infection/antibiotic-side-effects#takeaway) Introduction Antibiotics are prescription drugs that help treat infections caused by bacteria. Some of the more common infections treated with antibiotics include [bronchitis](https://www.healthline.com/health/bronchitis), [pneumonia](https://www.healthline.com/health/bacterial-pneumonia), and [urinary tract infections](https://www.healthline.com/health/urinary-tract-infection-adults). Antibiotics work by killing the bacteria causing the infection, or by stopping the bacteria from growing and multiplying. Antibiotics only work to treat bacterial infections. They don’t work for [infections caused by viruses](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/antibiotics-cant-cure-common-cold-doctors-told-to-stop-prescribing-them-011816), which can include: - common cold - runny nose - most coughs and bronchitis - flu There are many different groups, or classes, of antibiotics. These classes have side effects and typically affect men and women the same way. However, certain side effects are more common from some antibiotics than from others. Read on to learn about common side effects, how to manage them, and which antibiotics are more likely to cause them. ## [More common side effects]() ### Stomach upset Many antibiotics cause stomach upset or other gastrointestinal side effects. These can include: - [nausea](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/nausea) - [vomiting](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/vomiting) - cramps - [diarrhea](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/diarrhea) Macrolide antibiotics, cephalosporins, [penicillins](https://www.healthline.com/health/penicillin-v-oral-tablet), and fluoroquinolones may cause more stomach upset than other antibiotics. What to do Ask your doctor or pharmacist whether to take your antibiotic with food. Eating can help reduce stomach side effects from certain antibiotics such as [amoxicillin](https://www.healthline.com/health/amoxicillin-oral-tablet) and [doxycycline](https://www.healthline.com/health/doxycycline-oral-tablet) (Doryx). However, this approach won’t work for all antibiotics. Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, must be taken on an empty stomach. Talk to your doctor to make sure you know how you’re supposed to take your drug and if there are other ways you can ease stomach side effects. When to call your doctor Mild diarrhea usually clears up after you stop taking the drug. However, if the diarrhea is severe, it may cause: - abdominal pain and cramping - [fever](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/fever) - nausea - mucus or blood in your stool These symptoms can be caused by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in your intestines. In these cases, call your doctor right away. ### Photosensitivity If you’re taking an antibiotic, such as tetracycline, your body can become more sensitive to light. This effect can make light seem brighter in your eyes. It can also make your skin more prone to sunburn. [Photosensitivity](https://www.healthline.com/health/photosensitivity) should go away after you finish taking the antibiotic. What to do If you know you’ll be out in the sun, take certain precautions to stay safe and comfortable. Be sure to wear sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection, and reapply sunscreen as directed on the label. Also, wear protective clothing and accessories, such as a hat and sunglasses. ### Fever Fevers are a common side effect of many medications, including antibiotics. A fever may occur because of an allergic reaction to a medication or as a bad side effect. Drug fevers can occur with any antibiotic, but they’re more common with the following: - beta-lactams - cephalexin - minocycline - sulfonamides What to do If you get a fever while taking an antibiotic, it will likely go away on its own. But, if your fever doesn’t go away after 24 to 48 hours, ask your doctor or pharmacist about using over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) to help reduce the fever. When to call your doctor If you have a fever greater than 104°F (40°C), a skin rash, or trouble breathing, call your doctor or 911 right away. ### Vaginal yeast infection Antibiotics decrease the amount of a helpful bacteria, lactobacillus, in the vagina. This “good bacteria” helps keep a naturally occurring fungus called Candida in check. When this natural balance is tipped in favor of Candida growth a yeast infection may occur. [Symptoms include](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaginal-yeast-infection): - vaginal itching - burning during urination or sex - swelling around the vagina - soreness - pain during sex - redness - rash A whitish-gray and clumpy [discharge](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaginal-discharge) from the vagina, sometimes said to look like cottage cheese, is another sign you have a yeast infection. What to do For simple yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe a vaginal antifungal cream, ointment, suppository, or an oral tablet. Examples include: - butoconazole - clotrimazole - miconazole - terconazole - fluconazole Many of the creams, ointments, and suppositories are also available without a prescription. For severe or complicated yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe longer duration of medication treatment. If the infection recurs, your sexual partner may also have a yeast infection. You should use condoms when having sex if you suspect either of you has a yeast infection. ## [Tooth discoloration]() Antibiotics such as tetracycline and doxycycline can cause permanent tooth staining in children whose teeth are still developing. This effect mostly occurs in children who are younger than 8 years of age. If a pregnant woman takes these drugs, they may stain the developing child’s primary teeth. What to do Ask your doctor why they’re prescribing one of these antibiotics for you if you’re pregnant or for your child. Also, ask if there are other drug options that might work that don’t have this side effect. ## [Serious side effects]() Serious side effects from antibiotics aren’t common, but they can occur. Some of the main serious side effects include: ### Allergic reactions [Allergic reactions](https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/allergic-reaction) are possible with any medication, including antibiotics. Some allergic reactions can be mild, but others can be serious and need medical attention. If you’re allergic to a certain antibiotic, you’ll have symptoms right after taking the drug. These symptoms can include trouble breathing, hives, and swelling of your tongue and throat. When to call your doctor If you have [hives](https://www.healthline.com/health/hives), stop taking the drug and call your doctor. If you have swelling or trouble breathing, stop taking the drug and call 911 right away. ### Stevens-Johnson syndrome Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, but serious, disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. Mucous membranes are the moist linings of certain parts of your body, such as your nose, mouth, throat, and lungs. SJS is a reaction that can happen with any medication, including antibiotics. It occurs more often with antibiotics such as beta-lactams and sulfamethoxazole. Typically, SJS begins with flu-like symptoms, such as a fever or sore throat. These symptoms may be followed by blisters and a painful rash that spreads. Following that, the top layer of your skin can shed. Other symptoms can include: - [hives](https://www.healthline.com/health/hives) - skin pain - fever - cough - swelling of your face or tongue - pain in your mouth and throat What to do You can’t prevent this condition, but you can try to reduce your risk. You’re at increased risk for SJS if you have a weakened immune system, have had SJS in the past, or have a family history of SJS. If you believe any of these conditions apply to you, talk to your doctor before taking an antibiotic. When to call your doctor Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have symptoms of SJS and think you have the condition. ### Blood reactions Some antibiotics can cause changes to your blood. For example, [leukopenia](https://www.healthline.com/health/leukopenia) is a decrease in the number of white blood cells. It can lead to increased infections. Another change is [thrombocytopenia](https://www.healthline.com/health/thrombocytopenia), which is a low level of platelets. This can cause bleeding, bruising, and slowed blood clotting. Beta-lactam antibiotics and sulfamethoxazole cause these side effects more often. What to do You can’t prevent these reactions. However, you’re at higher risk if you have a weakened immune system. If your immune system is weak, discuss it with your doctor before you take an antibiotic. When to call your doctor Call your doctor if you have a new infection or one that appears abruptly after taking an antibiotic. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you: - have serious bleeding that doesn’t stop - have bleeding from your rectum - cough up a substance like coffee grounds ### Heart problems In rare cases, certain antibiotics can cause heart problems such as an [irregular heartbeat](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/abnormal-heart-rhythms) or [low blood pressure](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/low-blood-pressure). The antibiotics most often linked with these side effects are erythromycin and some fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin. The antifungal terbinafine can also cause this problem. What to do If you have an existing heart condition, tell your doctor before you start taking any kind of antibiotic. This information will help your doctor choose the right antibiotic for you. When to call your doctor Call your doctor if you have new or worsening heart pain, an irregular heart rhythm, or trouble breathing. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. ### Tendonitis [Tendonitis](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/tendon-inflammation) is inflammation or irritation of a tendon. Tendons are thick cords that attach bone to muscle, and they can be found throughout your body. Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin have been reported to cause tendonitis or tendon rupture. This is when the tendon tears or rips. All people are at risk for tendon problems when taking certain antibiotics. However, certain people are at increased risk of tendon rupture. These include people who: - have existing kidney failure - have had a kidney, heart, or lung transplant - have had past tendon problems - are taking steroids - are older than 60 years What to do Talk to your doctor before starting a new antibiotic if you meet any of the increased risk factors. This information will help your doctor choose the correct antibiotic for you. When to call your doctor If you have new or worsening tendon pain after taking your antibiotic, call your doctor. If the pain is severe, go to the nearest emergency room. ### Seizures It’s rare for antibiotics to cause [seizures](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/seizures), but it can happen. [Seizures](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/seizures) are more common with ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefixime and cephalexin. What to do If you have [epilepsy](https://www.healthline.com/health/epilepsy) or a history of seizures, be sure to tell your doctor before you start taking any kind of antibiotic. That way, your doctor can choose an antibiotic that won’t make your condition worse or interact with your seizure medications. When to call your doctor Call your doctor if you have new seizures or your seizures get worse when you take an antibiotic. ## [Talk with your doctor]() If your doctor prescribes antibiotics for you, know that there are ways to manage side effects. Some questions you may want to ask your doctor about antibiotic side effects include: - Am I likely to have side effects with this drug? - What are your suggestions for dealing with side effects? - Are there any antibiotics that could help me that are known to have fewer side effects? It may also help to show your doctor this article and discuss it. Together, you can manage any side effects you may have from your antibiotic. ### Q: If I have bad side effects from my antibiotic, can I stop taking the medication? Anonymous patient ### A: That’s a big “No.” You should never stop taking an antibiotic without first talking with your doctor. Stopping an antibiotic treatment before it’s finished can cause the infection to return, perhaps even stronger than before. If it returns, it could be resistant to the antibiotic you were taking. That means the drug wouldn’t work to treat your infection. Bad side effects from your antibiotic can be difficult, though, so call your doctor. They can suggest ways to reduce your side effects. If those don’t work, they may suggest another medication. The important part is to finish your full course of antibiotics. [Healthline Medical Team](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers) Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice. ### How we reviewed this article: Sources Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.healthline.com/about/process). - Antibiotics.(2015). <https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/antibiotics.html> - AchromycinV - tetracycline hcl capsule. (2014). <https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=eaecd9a1-e13e-49b1-8b3c-8e1ef016cacd> - Ciprofloxacin- ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablet, film coated. (2012). <https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d54a97d5-3664-4ca5-bffd-8366c7255b73> - CunhaBA. (2001). Antibiotic side effects. DOI: <http://www.medical.theclinics.com/article/S0025-7125(05)70309-6/fulltext> - MayoClinic Staff. (2016). Antibiotic-associated diarrhea. <https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231> - MayoClinic Staff. (2018). Stevens-Johnson syndrome. <https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stevens-johnson-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355936> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Alan-Carter-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Alan Carter, Pharm.D.]() — Written by [University of Illinois]() — [Updated on April 19, 2019]() ## related stories - [How Do Antibiotics Work?](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-do-antibiotics-work?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Which Antibiotics Treat Tooth Infections?](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics-for-tooth-infections?utm_source=ReadNext) - [What Is Monolaurin?](https://www.healthline.com/health/monolaurin?utm_source=ReadNext) - [How Long Does It Take for Amoxicillin to Work?](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/how-long-does-it-take-for-amoxicillin-to-work?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Can You Drink Alcohol While Taking Doxycycline?](https://www.healthline.com/health/doxycycline-and-alcohol?utm_source=ReadNext) ### Read this next - [How Do Antibiotics Work?](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-do-antibiotics-work?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Alan Carter, Pharm.D.](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [Antibiotics are powerful, lifesaving medications used to fight infections caused by bacteria. Learn more here.](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-do-antibiotics-work?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/how-do-antibiotics-work?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Which Antibiotics Treat Tooth Infections?](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics-for-tooth-infections?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [Antibiotics are a common treatment for tooth infections to kill dangerous bacteria and prevent your infection from spreading. We’ll talk about the…](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics-for-tooth-infections?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics-for-tooth-infections?utm_source=ReadNext) - [What Is Monolaurin?](https://www.healthline.com/health/monolaurin?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D.](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [What is monolaurin? Learn about this byproduct of coconut fat and its potential benefits for your health.](https://www.healthline.com/health/monolaurin?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/monolaurin?utm_source=ReadNext) - [How Long Does It Take for Amoxicillin to Work?](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/how-long-does-it-take-for-amoxicillin-to-work?utm_source=ReadNext)[READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/how-long-does-it-take-for-amoxicillin-to-work?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Can You Drink Alcohol While Taking Doxycycline?](https://www.healthline.com/health/doxycycline-and-alcohol?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Jennie Olopaade, PharmD, RPH](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [Should you drink alcohol while taking the popular antibiotic doxycycline? What will happen if you do? Get answers to these and other questions about…](https://www.healthline.com/health/doxycycline-and-alcohol?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/doxycycline-and-alcohol?utm_source=ReadNext) - [What Happens When Bacteria Become Resistant to Antibiotics](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics/antibiotic-resistance?utm_source=ReadNext) [Antibiotic resistance refers to bacteria that are no longer contained or killed by antibiotics. We explain why this is a problem and what we can do…](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics/antibiotic-resistance?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics/antibiotic-resistance?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Understanding the Relationship Between Antibiotics and Bacteria](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics/how-do-bacteria-become-resistant-to-antibiotics?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Alana Biggers, M.D., MPH](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria develop genetic mutations that allow them to survive an antibiotic. Here is a look at how this happens and…](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics/how-do-bacteria-become-resistant-to-antibiotics?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics/how-do-bacteria-become-resistant-to-antibiotics?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Antibiotics Can Kill Healthy Gut Bacteria: Here’s What to Eat to Counter That](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/antibiotics-can-kill-healthy-gut-bacteria-heres-what-to-eat-to-counter-that?utm_source=ReadNext) [Experts say some antibiotics can kill healthy gut bacteria. They recommend people eat yogurt and other fermented foods while taking the medications.](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/antibiotics-can-kill-healthy-gut-bacteria-heres-what-to-eat-to-counter-that?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/antibiotics-can-kill-healthy-gut-bacteria-heres-what-to-eat-to-counter-that?utm_source=ReadNext) - [What Are the Most Common Antibiotics?](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics/names-of-common-antibiotics?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Jennie Olopaade, PharmD, RPH](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [Antibiotics are a common and important type of medicine that treats bacterial infections. We've rounded up a list of the most common antibiotics.](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics/names-of-common-antibiotics?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics/names-of-common-antibiotics?utm_source=ReadNext) - [How Tetracycline Affects Teeth (and What to Do About It)](https://www.healthline.com/health/tetracycline-teeth?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Jennifer Archibald, DDS](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [Learn about the antibiotic tetracycline, including how it affects the teeth and what you can do about it.](https://www.healthline.com/health/tetracycline-teeth?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/tetracycline-teeth?utm_source=ReadNext) © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. 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Readable Markdown	Introduction Antibiotics are prescription drugs that help treat infections caused by bacteria. Some of the more common infections treated with antibiotics include [bronchitis](https://www.healthline.com/health/bronchitis), [pneumonia](https://www.healthline.com/health/bacterial-pneumonia), and [urinary tract infections](https://www.healthline.com/health/urinary-tract-infection-adults). Antibiotics work by killing the bacteria causing the infection, or by stopping the bacteria from growing and multiplying. Antibiotics only work to treat bacterial infections. They don’t work for [infections caused by viruses](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/antibiotics-cant-cure-common-cold-doctors-told-to-stop-prescribing-them-011816), which can include: - common cold - runny nose - most coughs and bronchitis - flu There are many different groups, or classes, of antibiotics. These classes have side effects and typically affect men and women the same way. However, certain side effects are more common from some antibiotics than from others. Read on to learn about common side effects, how to manage them, and which antibiotics are more likely to cause them. Stomach upset Many antibiotics cause stomach upset or other gastrointestinal side effects. These can include: - [nausea](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/nausea) - [vomiting](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/vomiting) - cramps - [diarrhea](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/diarrhea) Macrolide antibiotics, cephalosporins, [penicillins](https://www.healthline.com/health/penicillin-v-oral-tablet), and fluoroquinolones may cause more stomach upset than other antibiotics. What to do Ask your doctor or pharmacist whether to take your antibiotic with food. Eating can help reduce stomach side effects from certain antibiotics such as [amoxicillin](https://www.healthline.com/health/amoxicillin-oral-tablet) and [doxycycline](https://www.healthline.com/health/doxycycline-oral-tablet) (Doryx). However, this approach won’t work for all antibiotics. Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, must be taken on an empty stomach. Talk to your doctor to make sure you know how you’re supposed to take your drug and if there are other ways you can ease stomach side effects. When to call your doctor Mild diarrhea usually clears up after you stop taking the drug. However, if the diarrhea is severe, it may cause: - abdominal pain and cramping - [fever](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/fever) - nausea - mucus or blood in your stool These symptoms can be caused by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in your intestines. In these cases, call your doctor right away. Photosensitivity If you’re taking an antibiotic, such as tetracycline, your body can become more sensitive to light. This effect can make light seem brighter in your eyes. It can also make your skin more prone to sunburn. [Photosensitivity](https://www.healthline.com/health/photosensitivity) should go away after you finish taking the antibiotic. What to do If you know you’ll be out in the sun, take certain precautions to stay safe and comfortable. Be sure to wear sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection, and reapply sunscreen as directed on the label. Also, wear protective clothing and accessories, such as a hat and sunglasses. Fever Fevers are a common side effect of many medications, including antibiotics. A fever may occur because of an allergic reaction to a medication or as a bad side effect. Drug fevers can occur with any antibiotic, but they’re more common with the following: - beta-lactams - cephalexin - minocycline - sulfonamides What to do If you get a fever while taking an antibiotic, it will likely go away on its own. But, if your fever doesn’t go away after 24 to 48 hours, ask your doctor or pharmacist about using over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) to help reduce the fever. When to call your doctor If you have a fever greater than 104°F (40°C), a skin rash, or trouble breathing, call your doctor or 911 right away. Vaginal yeast infection Antibiotics decrease the amount of a helpful bacteria, lactobacillus, in the vagina. This “good bacteria” helps keep a naturally occurring fungus called Candida in check. When this natural balance is tipped in favor of Candida growth a yeast infection may occur. - vaginal itching - burning during urination or sex - swelling around the vagina - soreness - pain during sex - redness - rash A whitish-gray and clumpy [discharge](https://www.healthline.com/health/vaginal-discharge) from the vagina, sometimes said to look like cottage cheese, is another sign you have a yeast infection. What to do For simple yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe a vaginal antifungal cream, ointment, suppository, or an oral tablet. Examples include: - butoconazole - clotrimazole - miconazole - terconazole - fluconazole Many of the creams, ointments, and suppositories are also available without a prescription. For severe or complicated yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe longer duration of medication treatment. If the infection recurs, your sexual partner may also have a yeast infection. You should use condoms when having sex if you suspect either of you has a yeast infection. Antibiotics such as tetracycline and doxycycline can cause permanent tooth staining in children whose teeth are still developing. This effect mostly occurs in children who are younger than 8 years of age. If a pregnant woman takes these drugs, they may stain the developing child’s primary teeth. What to do Ask your doctor why they’re prescribing one of these antibiotics for you if you’re pregnant or for your child. Also, ask if there are other drug options that might work that don’t have this side effect. Serious side effects from antibiotics aren’t common, but they can occur. Some of the main serious side effects include: Allergic reactions [Allergic reactions](https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/allergic-reaction) are possible with any medication, including antibiotics. Some allergic reactions can be mild, but others can be serious and need medical attention. If you’re allergic to a certain antibiotic, you’ll have symptoms right after taking the drug. These symptoms can include trouble breathing, hives, and swelling of your tongue and throat. When to call your doctor If you have [hives](https://www.healthline.com/health/hives), stop taking the drug and call your doctor. If you have swelling or trouble breathing, stop taking the drug and call 911 right away. Stevens-Johnson syndrome Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, but serious, disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. Mucous membranes are the moist linings of certain parts of your body, such as your nose, mouth, throat, and lungs. SJS is a reaction that can happen with any medication, including antibiotics. It occurs more often with antibiotics such as beta-lactams and sulfamethoxazole. Typically, SJS begins with flu-like symptoms, such as a fever or sore throat. These symptoms may be followed by blisters and a painful rash that spreads. Following that, the top layer of your skin can shed. Other symptoms can include: - [hives](https://www.healthline.com/health/hives) - skin pain - fever - cough - swelling of your face or tongue - pain in your mouth and throat What to do You can’t prevent this condition, but you can try to reduce your risk. You’re at increased risk for SJS if you have a weakened immune system, have had SJS in the past, or have a family history of SJS. If you believe any of these conditions apply to you, talk to your doctor before taking an antibiotic. When to call your doctor Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have symptoms of SJS and think you have the condition. Blood reactions Some antibiotics can cause changes to your blood. For example, [leukopenia](https://www.healthline.com/health/leukopenia) is a decrease in the number of white blood cells. It can lead to increased infections. Another change is [thrombocytopenia](https://www.healthline.com/health/thrombocytopenia), which is a low level of platelets. This can cause bleeding, bruising, and slowed blood clotting. Beta-lactam antibiotics and sulfamethoxazole cause these side effects more often. What to do You can’t prevent these reactions. However, you’re at higher risk if you have a weakened immune system. If your immune system is weak, discuss it with your doctor before you take an antibiotic. When to call your doctor Call your doctor if you have a new infection or one that appears abruptly after taking an antibiotic. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you: - have serious bleeding that doesn’t stop - have bleeding from your rectum - cough up a substance like coffee grounds Heart problems The antibiotics most often linked with these side effects are erythromycin and some fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin. The antifungal terbinafine can also cause this problem. What to do If you have an existing heart condition, tell your doctor before you start taking any kind of antibiotic. This information will help your doctor choose the right antibiotic for you. When to call your doctor Call your doctor if you have new or worsening heart pain, an irregular heart rhythm, or trouble breathing. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. Tendonitis [Tendonitis](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/tendon-inflammation) is inflammation or irritation of a tendon. Tendons are thick cords that attach bone to muscle, and they can be found throughout your body. Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin have been reported to cause tendonitis or tendon rupture. This is when the tendon tears or rips. All people are at risk for tendon problems when taking certain antibiotics. However, certain people are at increased risk of tendon rupture. These include people who: - have existing kidney failure - have had a kidney, heart, or lung transplant - have had past tendon problems - are taking steroids - are older than 60 years What to do Talk to your doctor before starting a new antibiotic if you meet any of the increased risk factors. This information will help your doctor choose the correct antibiotic for you. When to call your doctor If you have new or worsening tendon pain after taking your antibiotic, call your doctor. If the pain is severe, go to the nearest emergency room. Seizures It’s rare for antibiotics to cause [seizures](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/seizures), but it can happen. [Seizures](https://www.healthline.com/symptom/seizures) are more common with ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefixime and cephalexin. What to do If you have [epilepsy](https://www.healthline.com/health/epilepsy) or a history of seizures, be sure to tell your doctor before you start taking any kind of antibiotic. That way, your doctor can choose an antibiotic that won’t make your condition worse or interact with your seizure medications. When to call your doctor Call your doctor if you have new seizures or your seizures get worse when you take an antibiotic. If your doctor prescribes antibiotics for you, know that there are ways to manage side effects. Some questions you may want to ask your doctor about antibiotic side effects include: - Am I likely to have side effects with this drug? - What are your suggestions for dealing with side effects? - Are there any antibiotics that could help me that are known to have fewer side effects? It may also help to show your doctor this article and discuss it. Together, you can manage any side effects you may have from your antibiotic.
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