🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 98 (from laksa162)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa098.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects","crawl_time":1775071728,"first_indexed_time":1513158922,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,healthline!www,\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects s443","src_root_hash":"11478817528691466898","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Depression Medications and Side Effects","meta_descriptions":["Learn about the most frequently prescribed antidepressant medicines and their most common side effects."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Overview\nTreatment for major depressive disorder (also known as major depression, clinical depression, unipolar depression, or MDD) depends on the individual and the severity of the illness. However, doctors often discover the best results when both prescription medications, such as\nantidepressants\n, and psychotherapy are used in combination.\nCurrently, more than two-dozen antidepressant medications are available.\nAntidepressants are successful in treating depression, but no single medication has been shown to be the most effective — it depends entirely on the patient and their individual circumstances. You’ll have to take the medication regularly for several weeks in order to see results and observe any side effects.\nHere are the most frequently prescribed antidepressant medicines and their most common side effects.\nWhen the brain doesn’t make enough serotonin, or it can’t use existing serotonin correctly, the balance of chemicals in the brain may become uneven. SSRIs work to change the level of serotonin in the brain.\nSpecifically, SSRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin. By blocking the reabsorption, neurotransmitters may send and receive chemical messages more effectively. This is thought to increase the mood-boosting effects of serotonin and improve depression symptoms.\nThe most common SSRIs include:\nfluoxetine (Prozac)\ncitalopram (Celexa)\nparoxetine (Paxil)\nsertraline\n(Zoloft)\nescitalopram\n(Lexapro)\nfluvoxamine (Luvox)\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use SSRIs include:\ndigestive problems, including diarrhea\nnausea\ndry mouth\nrestlessness\nheadaches\ninsomnia or drowsiness\ndecreased sexual desire and difficulty reaching orgasm\nerectile dysfunction\nagitation (jitteriness)\nWith additional serotonin and norepinephrine circulating in the brain, the brain’s chemical balance may be reset, and neurotransmitters are thought to communicate more effectively. This may improve mood and help relieve symptoms of depression.\nThe most commonly prescribed SNRIs include:\nvenlafaxine\n(Effexor XR)\ndesvenlafaxine (Pristiq)\nduloxetine (Cymbalta)\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use SNRIs include:\nincreased sweating\nincreased blood pressure\nheart palpitations\ndry mouth\nfast heart rate\ndigestive problems, typically constipation\nchanges in appetite\nnausea\ndizziness\nrestlessness\nheadache\ninsomnia or drowsiness\ndecreased libido and difficulty reaching orgasm\nagitation (jitteriness)\nTricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)\nwere invented in the 1950s, and they were among the earliest antidepressants utilized to treat depression.\nTCAs work by blocking the reabsorption of noradrenaline and serotonin. This may help the body prolong the mood-boosting benefits of the noradrenaline and serotonin it releases naturally, which can improve mood and reduce the effects of depression.\nMany doctors prescribe TCAs because they’re thought to be as safe as newer medicines.\nThe most commonly prescribed TCAs include:\namitriptyline (Elavil)\nimipramine (Tofranil)\ndoxepin (Sinequan)\ntrimipramine (Surmontil)\nclomipramine\n(Anafranil)\nSide effects from this class of antidepressants tend to be severe. Men tend to experience fewer side effects than women.\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use TCAs include:\nweight gain\ndry mouth\nblurred vision\ndrowsiness\nfast heartbeat or irregular heartbeat\nconfusion\nbladder problems, including difficulty urinating\nconstipation\nloss of sexual desire\nCurrently only one NDRI is FDA approved for depression.\nbuproprion (Wellbutrin)\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use NDRIs include:\nseizures, when taken at high doses\nanxiety\nhyperventilation\nnervousness\nagitation (jitteriness)\nirritability\nshaking\ntrouble sleeping\nrestlessness\nMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are medications that are typically prescribed only when several other medications and treatments have failed.\nMAOIs prevent the brain from breaking down the chemicals norepinephrine, serotonin, and\ndopamine\n. This allows the brain to maintain higher levels of these chemicals, which may boost mood and improve neurotransmitter communications.\nThe most common MAOIs include:\nphenelzine (Nardil)\nselegiline (Emsam, Eldepryl, and Deprenyl)\ntranylcypromine (Parnate)\nisocarboxazid (Marplan)\nMAOIs tend to have multiple side effects, many of them serious and harmful. MAOIs also have the potential for dangerous interactions with foods and over-the-counter medications.\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use MAOIs include:\ndaytime sleepiness\ninsomnia\ndizziness\nlow blood pressure\ndry mouth\nnervousness\nweight gain\nreduced sexual desire or difficulty reaching orgasm\nerectile dysfunction\nbladder problems, including difficulty urinating\nFor treatment-resistant depression or for patients who continue to have unresolved symptoms, a secondary medication may be prescribed.\nThese add-on medications are generally used to treat other mental health disorders and may include anti-anxiety medications, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics.\nExamples of antipsychotics that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as add-on therapies for depression include:\naripiprazole\n(Abilify)\nquetiapine (Seroquel)\nolanzapine (Zyprexa)\nThe side effects of these additional medications can be similar to other antidepressants.\nAtypical medications, or those that don’t fit into any of the other drug categories, include mirtazapine (Remeron) and trazodone (Oleptro).\nThe main side effect of these medications is drowsiness. Because both of these medicines can cause sedation, they’re typically taken at night to prevent attention and focus problems.","attrs_markdown":"- Health Conditions\n  Health Conditions\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n  \n  - [Breast Cancer](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/breast-cancer)\n  - [Cancer Care](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/cancer-care)\n  - [Caregiving for Alzheimer's Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/alzheimers-disease)\n  - [Chronic Kidney Disease](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/ckd)\n  - [Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/copd)\n  - [Digestive Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/digestive-health)\n  - [Eye Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/eye-health)\n  - [Heart Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/heart-health)\n  - [Menopause](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/menopause)\n  - [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/mental-health)\n  - [Migraine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/migraine)\n  - 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Join Bezzy on the web or mobile app.\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.bezzy.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=nav-bar-connections)\n  \n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bezzy-Inflammatory-Bowel-Disease.png) Inflammatory Bowel Disease](https:\/\/www.bezzyibd.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bezzy-Multiple-Sclerosis.png) Multiple Sclerosis](https:\/\/www.bezzyms.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Bezzy-DEP-Icon-Circle.png) Depression](https:\/\/www.bezzydepression.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Bezzy-MIG-Icon-Circle.png) Migraine](https:\/\/www.bezzymigraine.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Bezzy-T2D-Icon-Circle.png) Type 2 Diabetes](https:\/\/www.bezzyt2d.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  - [![](https:\/\/media.post.rvohealth.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Bezzy-PsO.png) Psoriasis](https:\/\/www.bezzypsoriasis.com\/?utm_source=healthline&utm_medium=hl-nav-bar-connections)\n  \n  Follow us on social media\n  \n  Can't get enough? Connect with us for all things health.\n\nSubscribe\n\n[Anxiety and Depression](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression)\n\n- [Anxiety Treatment](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression\/anxiety-treatment)\n- [Depression Treatment](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression\/depression-treatment)\n- [Crisis Support](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression\/crisis-support)\n- [Navigating Therapy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression\/therapy)\n- [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression\/symptom-management)\n- [Better Sleep](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression\/sleep-resources)\n- [Nutrition & Supplements](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression\/nutrition-supplements)\n- [Relationships](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression\/relationships)\n- [Emotional Well-Being](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression\/emotional-well-being)\n- [Physical Activity & Exercises](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression\/physical-activity-exercises)\n- [Resources for Doctors' Visits](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression\/doctor-guide)\n- [Comorbidities](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/anxiety-and-depression\/comorbidities)\n\n# Depression Medications and Side Effects\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alan-Carter-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Alan Carter, Pharm.D.]() — Written by [Kimberly Holland]() —  [Updated on October 23, 2019]()\n\n- [SSRIs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects#ssris)\n- [SSRI side effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects#ssri-side-effects)\n- [SNRIs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects#snris)\n- [SNRI side effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects#snri-side-effects)\n- [TCAs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects#tcas)\n- [TCA side effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects#tca-side-effects)\n- [NDRIs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects#ndris)\n- [NDRI side effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects#ndri-side-effects)\n- [MAOIs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects#maois)\n- [MAOI side effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects#maoi-side-effects)\n- [Add-on medications](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects#add--on-medications)\n- [Other antidepressants](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-medications-and-side-effects#other-antidepressants)\n\nOverview\n\nTreatment for major depressive disorder (also known as major depression, clinical depression, unipolar depression, or MDD) depends on the individual and the severity of the illness. However, doctors often discover the best results when both prescription medications, such as [antidepressants](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/medication-list), and psychotherapy are used in combination.\n\nCurrently, more than two-dozen antidepressant medications are available.\n\nAntidepressants are successful in treating depression, but no single medication has been shown to be the most effective — it depends entirely on the patient and their individual circumstances. You’ll have to take the medication regularly for several weeks in order to see results and observe any side effects.\n\nHere are the most frequently prescribed antidepressant medicines and their most common side effects.\n\n## [Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]()\nThe typical course of treatment for depression initially begins with a prescription for a [selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris)\n\nWhen the brain doesn’t make enough serotonin, or it can’t use existing serotonin correctly, the balance of chemicals in the brain may become uneven. SSRIs work to change the level of serotonin in the brain.\n\nSpecifically, SSRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin. By blocking the reabsorption, neurotransmitters may send and receive chemical messages more effectively. This is thought to increase the mood-boosting effects of serotonin and improve depression symptoms.\n\nThe most common SSRIs include:\n\n- fluoxetine (Prozac)\n- citalopram (Celexa)\n- paroxetine (Paxil)\n- [sertraline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sertraline-oral-tablet) (Zoloft)\n- [escitalopram](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/escitalopram-oral-tablet) (Lexapro)\n- fluvoxamine (Luvox)\n\n## [SSRI side effects]()\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use SSRIs include:\n\n- digestive problems, including diarrhea\n- nausea\n- dry mouth\n- restlessness\n- headaches\n- insomnia or drowsiness\n- decreased sexual desire and difficulty reaching orgasm\n- erectile dysfunction\n- agitation (jitteriness)\n\n## [Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors]()\n[Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris) are sometimes called dual reuptake inhibitors. They work by blocking the reuptake, or reabsorption, of serotonin and norepinephrine.\n\nWith additional serotonin and norepinephrine circulating in the brain, the brain’s chemical balance may be reset, and neurotransmitters are thought to communicate more effectively. This may improve mood and help relieve symptoms of depression.\n\nThe most commonly prescribed SNRIs include:\n\n- [venlafaxine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/venlafaxine-oral-tablet) (Effexor XR)\n- desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)\n- duloxetine (Cymbalta)\n\n## [SNRI side effects]()\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use SNRIs include:\n\n- increased sweating\n- increased blood pressure\n- heart palpitations\n- dry mouth\n- fast heart rate\n- digestive problems, typically constipation\n- changes in appetite\n- nausea\n- dizziness\n- restlessness\n- headache\n- insomnia or drowsiness\n- decreased libido and difficulty reaching orgasm\n- agitation (jitteriness)\n\n## [Tricyclic antidepressants]()\n[Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/tricyclic-antidepressants-tcas) were invented in the 1950s, and they were among the earliest antidepressants utilized to treat depression.\n\nTCAs work by blocking the reabsorption of noradrenaline and serotonin. This may help the body prolong the mood-boosting benefits of the noradrenaline and serotonin it releases naturally, which can improve mood and reduce the effects of depression.\n\nMany doctors prescribe TCAs because they’re thought to be as safe as newer medicines.\n\nThe most commonly prescribed TCAs include:\n\n- amitriptyline (Elavil)\n- imipramine (Tofranil)\n- doxepin (Sinequan)\n- trimipramine (Surmontil)\n- [clomipramine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/clomipramine-oral-capsule) (Anafranil)\n\n## [TCA side effects]()\nSide effects from this class of antidepressants tend to be severe. Men tend to experience fewer side effects than women.\n\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use TCAs include:\n\n- weight gain\n- dry mouth\n- blurred vision\n- drowsiness\n- fast heartbeat or irregular heartbeat\n- confusion\n- bladder problems, including difficulty urinating\n- constipation\n- loss of sexual desire\n\n## [Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors]()\nCurrently only one NDRI is FDA approved for depression.\n\n- buproprion (Wellbutrin)\n\n## [NDRI side effects]()\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use NDRIs include:\n\n- seizures, when taken at high doses\n- anxiety\n- hyperventilation\n- nervousness\n- agitation (jitteriness)\n- irritability\n- shaking\n- trouble sleeping\n- restlessness\n\n## [Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]()\nMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are medications that are typically prescribed only when several other medications and treatments have failed.\n\nMAOIs prevent the brain from breaking down the chemicals norepinephrine, serotonin, and [dopamine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/what-are-mao-inhibitors). This allows the brain to maintain higher levels of these chemicals, which may boost mood and improve neurotransmitter communications.\n\nThe most common MAOIs include:\n\n- phenelzine (Nardil)\n- selegiline (Emsam, Eldepryl, and Deprenyl)\n- tranylcypromine (Parnate)\n- isocarboxazid (Marplan)\n\n## [MAOI side effects]()\nMAOIs tend to have multiple side effects, many of them serious and harmful. MAOIs also have the potential for dangerous interactions with foods and over-the-counter medications.\n\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use MAOIs include:\n\n- daytime sleepiness\n- insomnia\n- dizziness\n- low blood pressure\n- dry mouth\n- nervousness\n- weight gain\n- reduced sexual desire or difficulty reaching orgasm\n- erectile dysfunction\n- bladder problems, including difficulty urinating\n\n## [Add-on or augmentation medications]()\nFor treatment-resistant depression or for patients who continue to have unresolved symptoms, a secondary medication may be prescribed.\n\nThese add-on medications are generally used to treat other mental health disorders and may include anti-anxiety medications, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics.\n\nExamples of antipsychotics that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as add-on therapies for depression include:\n\n- [aripiprazole](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/drugs\/aripiprazole\/oral-tablet?brand=abilify) (Abilify)\n- quetiapine (Seroquel)\n- olanzapine (Zyprexa)\n\nThe side effects of these additional medications can be similar to other antidepressants.\n\n## [Other antidepressants]()\nAtypical medications, or those that don’t fit into any of the other drug categories, include mirtazapine (Remeron) and trazodone (Oleptro).\n\nThe main side effect of these medications is drowsiness. Because both of these medicines can cause sedation, they’re typically taken at night to prevent attention and focus problems.\n\n### How we reviewed this article:\nSources\n\nHealthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/process).\n\n- Antidepressants.(2018).  \n  <https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/antidepressants.html>\n- Majordepression. (2017).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/major-depression.shtml>\n- Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017). Antidepressants: Selecting onethat’s right for you.  \n  <http:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/in-depth\/antidepressants\/art-20046273>\n- Mayo Clinic Staff. (2018). Depression (major depressivedisorder).  \n  <https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/depression\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20356007>\n- Overview: Antidepressants. (2018).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/antidepressants\/>\n\nShare this article\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.healthline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alan-Carter-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\n[Medically reviewed]() by [Alan Carter, Pharm.D.]() — Written by [Kimberly Holland]() —  [Updated on October 23, 2019]()\n\n## related stories\n- [Managing Antidepressant Sexual Side Effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/erectile-dysfunction\/antidepressant-sexual-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [A Guide to Common Antidepressant Side Effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antidepressant-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What Are the Side Effects of Lexapro?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/lexapro-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Wearable Trackers May Help Detect Depression Relapse Before It Occurs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/wearable-trackers-detect-depression-relapse?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [The Power of Glimmers and Joy Lists](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/the-power-of-glimmers-and-joy-lists?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n### Read this next\n- [Managing Antidepressant Sexual Side Effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/erectile-dysfunction\/antidepressant-sexual-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Alan Carter, Pharm.D.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Sexual side effects, like erectile dysfunction, are common complaints of taking antidepressants. Most prescription antidepressants are part of a drug…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/erectile-dysfunction\/antidepressant-sexual-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/erectile-dysfunction\/antidepressant-sexual-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [A Guide to Common Antidepressant Side Effects](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antidepressant-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Timothy J. Legg, PhD, PsyD, CRNP, ACRN, CPH](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Antidepressant side effects can range from mild discomfort to severe impacts on your daily life. We’ll go over and compare the common side effects…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antidepressant-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/antidepressant-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What Are the Side Effects of Lexapro?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/lexapro-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Darren Hein, PharmD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [If your doctor prescribes Lexapro for your depression or anxiety, the drug may cause side effects. Learn what to watch for.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/lexapro-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/lexapro-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Wearable Trackers May Help Detect Depression Relapse Before It Occurs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/wearable-trackers-detect-depression-relapse?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [A recent study found that wearable trackers may be able to detect a relapse in depression before it occurs.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/wearable-trackers-detect-depression-relapse?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/wearable-trackers-detect-depression-relapse?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [The Power of Glimmers and Joy Lists](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/the-power-of-glimmers-and-joy-lists?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Jennifer Litner, PhD, LMFT, CST](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Looking for an easy and effective self-care tool? Glimmers and joy lists will make you smile.](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/the-power-of-glimmers-and-joy-lists?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/the-power-of-glimmers-and-joy-lists?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [How Long Does Wellbutrin Take to Work? And Other Reddit Questions Answered](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/wellbutrin-reddit?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Get answers to common Reddit questions about starting Wellbutrin such as: How long does it take to start working? Can you make it work faster? And…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/wellbutrin-reddit?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/wellbutrin-reddit?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Antidepressant Side Effects Like Weight, Blood Pressure Changes Vary by Drug](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/antidepressant-side-effects-vary-widely-by-drug?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [A large new study found that the side effects of antidepressants vary significantly by drug. Some medications resulted in weight loss, while others…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/antidepressant-side-effects-vary-widely-by-drug?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/antidepressant-side-effects-vary-widely-by-drug?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Depression vs. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Comparison and When to Contact a Doctor](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-vs-seasonal?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Depression causes persistent feelings of sadness. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is when depression symptoms occur in winter months. Learn more…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-vs-seasonal?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression-vs-seasonal?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [What Is the Geriatric Depression Scale?](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/geriatric-depression-scale?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [The geriatric depression scale is a screening tool that can help identify depression in older adults. Learn about the different versions, their uses…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/geriatric-depression-scale?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/geriatric-depression-scale?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Postpartum Depression in Non-Birthing Partners and Parents](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/male-postpartum-depression?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Matthew Boland, PhD](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Postpartum depression can affect any type of parent or caregiver. This includes fathers, cisgender men, and people with male reproductive organs…](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/male-postpartum-depression?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/male-postpartum-depression?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/contact-us)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/privacy-policy)\n- Privacy Settings\n- [Advertising Policy](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/advertising-policy)\n- [Health Topics](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/directory\/topics)\n\n- [Sitemap](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/sitemap)\n- [Medical Affairs](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/medical-team)\n- [Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n- [Newsletters](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/newsletter-signup)\n- © 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=healthline.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Overview\n\nTreatment for major depressive disorder (also known as major depression, clinical depression, unipolar depression, or MDD) depends on the individual and the severity of the illness. However, doctors often discover the best results when both prescription medications, such as [antidepressants](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/medication-list), and psychotherapy are used in combination.\n\nCurrently, more than two-dozen antidepressant medications are available.\n\nAntidepressants are successful in treating depression, but no single medication has been shown to be the most effective — it depends entirely on the patient and their individual circumstances. You’ll have to take the medication regularly for several weeks in order to see results and observe any side effects.\n\nHere are the most frequently prescribed antidepressant medicines and their most common side effects.\n\nWhen the brain doesn’t make enough serotonin, or it can’t use existing serotonin correctly, the balance of chemicals in the brain may become uneven. SSRIs work to change the level of serotonin in the brain.\n\nSpecifically, SSRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin. By blocking the reabsorption, neurotransmitters may send and receive chemical messages more effectively. This is thought to increase the mood-boosting effects of serotonin and improve depression symptoms.\n\nThe most common SSRIs include:\n\n- fluoxetine (Prozac)\n- citalopram (Celexa)\n- paroxetine (Paxil)\n- [sertraline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sertraline-oral-tablet) (Zoloft)\n- [escitalopram](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/escitalopram-oral-tablet) (Lexapro)\n- fluvoxamine (Luvox)\n\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use SSRIs include:\n\n- digestive problems, including diarrhea\n- nausea\n- dry mouth\n- restlessness\n- headaches\n- insomnia or drowsiness\n- decreased sexual desire and difficulty reaching orgasm\n- erectile dysfunction\n- agitation (jitteriness)\n\nWith additional serotonin and norepinephrine circulating in the brain, the brain’s chemical balance may be reset, and neurotransmitters are thought to communicate more effectively. This may improve mood and help relieve symptoms of depression.\n\nThe most commonly prescribed SNRIs include:\n\n- [venlafaxine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/venlafaxine-oral-tablet) (Effexor XR)\n- desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)\n- duloxetine (Cymbalta)\n\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use SNRIs include:\n\n- increased sweating\n- increased blood pressure\n- heart palpitations\n- dry mouth\n- fast heart rate\n- digestive problems, typically constipation\n- changes in appetite\n- nausea\n- dizziness\n- restlessness\n- headache\n- insomnia or drowsiness\n- decreased libido and difficulty reaching orgasm\n- agitation (jitteriness)\n\n[Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/tricyclic-antidepressants-tcas) were invented in the 1950s, and they were among the earliest antidepressants utilized to treat depression.\n\nTCAs work by blocking the reabsorption of noradrenaline and serotonin. This may help the body prolong the mood-boosting benefits of the noradrenaline and serotonin it releases naturally, which can improve mood and reduce the effects of depression.\n\nMany doctors prescribe TCAs because they’re thought to be as safe as newer medicines.\n\nThe most commonly prescribed TCAs include:\n\n- amitriptyline (Elavil)\n- imipramine (Tofranil)\n- doxepin (Sinequan)\n- trimipramine (Surmontil)\n- [clomipramine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/drugs\/clomipramine-oral-capsule) (Anafranil)\n\nSide effects from this class of antidepressants tend to be severe. Men tend to experience fewer side effects than women.\n\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use TCAs include:\n\n- weight gain\n- dry mouth\n- blurred vision\n- drowsiness\n- fast heartbeat or irregular heartbeat\n- confusion\n- bladder problems, including difficulty urinating\n- constipation\n- loss of sexual desire\n\nCurrently only one NDRI is FDA approved for depression.\n\n- buproprion (Wellbutrin)\n\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use NDRIs include:\n\n- seizures, when taken at high doses\n- anxiety\n- hyperventilation\n- nervousness\n- agitation (jitteriness)\n- irritability\n- shaking\n- trouble sleeping\n- restlessness\n\nMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are medications that are typically prescribed only when several other medications and treatments have failed.\n\nMAOIs prevent the brain from breaking down the chemicals norepinephrine, serotonin, and [dopamine](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/what-are-mao-inhibitors). This allows the brain to maintain higher levels of these chemicals, which may boost mood and improve neurotransmitter communications.\n\nThe most common MAOIs include:\n\n- phenelzine (Nardil)\n- selegiline (Emsam, Eldepryl, and Deprenyl)\n- tranylcypromine (Parnate)\n- isocarboxazid (Marplan)\n\nMAOIs tend to have multiple side effects, many of them serious and harmful. MAOIs also have the potential for dangerous interactions with foods and over-the-counter medications.\n\nThe most common side effects experienced by people who use MAOIs include:\n\n- daytime sleepiness\n- insomnia\n- dizziness\n- low blood pressure\n- dry mouth\n- nervousness\n- weight gain\n- reduced sexual desire or difficulty reaching orgasm\n- erectile dysfunction\n- bladder problems, including difficulty urinating\n\nFor treatment-resistant depression or for patients who continue to have unresolved symptoms, a secondary medication may be prescribed.\n\nThese add-on medications are generally used to treat other mental health disorders and may include anti-anxiety medications, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics.\n\nExamples of antipsychotics that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as add-on therapies for depression include:\n\n- [aripiprazole](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/drugs\/aripiprazole\/oral-tablet?brand=abilify) (Abilify)\n- quetiapine (Seroquel)\n- olanzapine (Zyprexa)\n\nThe side effects of these additional medications can be similar to other antidepressants.\n\nAtypical medications, or those that don’t fit into any of the other drug categories, include mirtazapine (Remeron) and trazodone (Oleptro).\n\nThe main side effect of these medications is drowsiness. Because both of these medicines can cause sedation, they’re typically taken at night to prevent attention and focus problems.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Description	Learn about the most frequently prescribed antidepressant medicines and their most common side effects.
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Boilerpipe Text	Overview Treatment for major depressive disorder (also known as major depression, clinical depression, unipolar depression, or MDD) depends on the individual and the severity of the illness. However, doctors often discover the best results when both prescription medications, such as antidepressants , and psychotherapy are used in combination. Currently, more than two-dozen antidepressant medications are available. Antidepressants are successful in treating depression, but no single medication has been shown to be the most effective — it depends entirely on the patient and their individual circumstances. You’ll have to take the medication regularly for several weeks in order to see results and observe any side effects. Here are the most frequently prescribed antidepressant medicines and their most common side effects. When the brain doesn’t make enough serotonin, or it can’t use existing serotonin correctly, the balance of chemicals in the brain may become uneven. SSRIs work to change the level of serotonin in the brain. Specifically, SSRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin. By blocking the reabsorption, neurotransmitters may send and receive chemical messages more effectively. This is thought to increase the mood-boosting effects of serotonin and improve depression symptoms. The most common SSRIs include: fluoxetine (Prozac) citalopram (Celexa) paroxetine (Paxil) sertraline (Zoloft) escitalopram (Lexapro) fluvoxamine (Luvox) The most common side effects experienced by people who use SSRIs include: digestive problems, including diarrhea nausea dry mouth restlessness headaches insomnia or drowsiness decreased sexual desire and difficulty reaching orgasm erectile dysfunction agitation (jitteriness) With additional serotonin and norepinephrine circulating in the brain, the brain’s chemical balance may be reset, and neurotransmitters are thought to communicate more effectively. This may improve mood and help relieve symptoms of depression. The most commonly prescribed SNRIs include: venlafaxine (Effexor XR) desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) duloxetine (Cymbalta) The most common side effects experienced by people who use SNRIs include: increased sweating increased blood pressure heart palpitations dry mouth fast heart rate digestive problems, typically constipation changes in appetite nausea dizziness restlessness headache insomnia or drowsiness decreased libido and difficulty reaching orgasm agitation (jitteriness) Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were invented in the 1950s, and they were among the earliest antidepressants utilized to treat depression. TCAs work by blocking the reabsorption of noradrenaline and serotonin. This may help the body prolong the mood-boosting benefits of the noradrenaline and serotonin it releases naturally, which can improve mood and reduce the effects of depression. Many doctors prescribe TCAs because they’re thought to be as safe as newer medicines. The most commonly prescribed TCAs include: amitriptyline (Elavil) imipramine (Tofranil) doxepin (Sinequan) trimipramine (Surmontil) clomipramine (Anafranil) Side effects from this class of antidepressants tend to be severe. Men tend to experience fewer side effects than women. The most common side effects experienced by people who use TCAs include: weight gain dry mouth blurred vision drowsiness fast heartbeat or irregular heartbeat confusion bladder problems, including difficulty urinating constipation loss of sexual desire Currently only one NDRI is FDA approved for depression. buproprion (Wellbutrin) The most common side effects experienced by people who use NDRIs include: seizures, when taken at high doses anxiety hyperventilation nervousness agitation (jitteriness) irritability shaking trouble sleeping restlessness Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are medications that are typically prescribed only when several other medications and treatments have failed. MAOIs prevent the brain from breaking down the chemicals norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine . This allows the brain to maintain higher levels of these chemicals, which may boost mood and improve neurotransmitter communications. The most common MAOIs include: phenelzine (Nardil) selegiline (Emsam, Eldepryl, and Deprenyl) tranylcypromine (Parnate) isocarboxazid (Marplan) MAOIs tend to have multiple side effects, many of them serious and harmful. MAOIs also have the potential for dangerous interactions with foods and over-the-counter medications. The most common side effects experienced by people who use MAOIs include: daytime sleepiness insomnia dizziness low blood pressure dry mouth nervousness weight gain reduced sexual desire or difficulty reaching orgasm erectile dysfunction bladder problems, including difficulty urinating For treatment-resistant depression or for patients who continue to have unresolved symptoms, a secondary medication may be prescribed. These add-on medications are generally used to treat other mental health disorders and may include anti-anxiety medications, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics. Examples of antipsychotics that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as add-on therapies for depression include: aripiprazole (Abilify) quetiapine (Seroquel) olanzapine (Zyprexa) The side effects of these additional medications can be similar to other antidepressants. Atypical medications, or those that don’t fit into any of the other drug categories, include mirtazapine (Remeron) and trazodone (Oleptro). The main side effect of these medications is drowsiness. Because both of these medicines can cause sedation, they’re typically taken at night to prevent attention and focus problems.
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Subscribe [Anxiety and Depression](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression) - [Anxiety Treatment](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression/anxiety-treatment) - [Depression Treatment](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression/depression-treatment) - [Crisis Support](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression/crisis-support) - [Navigating Therapy](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression/therapy) - [Symptoms](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression/symptom-management) - [Better Sleep](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression/sleep-resources) - [Nutrition & Supplements](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression/nutrition-supplements) - [Relationships](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression/relationships) - [Emotional Well-Being](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression/emotional-well-being) - [Physical Activity & Exercises](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression/physical-activity-exercises) - [Resources for Doctors' Visits](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression/doctor-guide) - [Comorbidities](https://www.healthline.com/anxiety-and-depression/comorbidities) # Depression Medications and Side Effects ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Alan-Carter-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Alan Carter, Pharm.D.]() — Written by [Kimberly Holland]() — [Updated on October 23, 2019]() - [SSRIs](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects#ssris) - [SSRI side effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects#ssri-side-effects) - [SNRIs](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects#snris) - [SNRI side effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects#snri-side-effects) - [TCAs](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects#tcas) - [TCA side effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects#tca-side-effects) - [NDRIs](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects#ndris) - [NDRI side effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects#ndri-side-effects) - [MAOIs](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects#maois) - [MAOI side effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects#maoi-side-effects) - [Add-on medications](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects#add--on-medications) - [Other antidepressants](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression-medications-and-side-effects#other-antidepressants) Overview Treatment for major depressive disorder (also known as major depression, clinical depression, unipolar depression, or MDD) depends on the individual and the severity of the illness. However, doctors often discover the best results when both prescription medications, such as [antidepressants](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/medication-list), and psychotherapy are used in combination. Currently, more than two-dozen antidepressant medications are available. Antidepressants are successful in treating depression, but no single medication has been shown to be the most effective — it depends entirely on the patient and their individual circumstances. You’ll have to take the medication regularly for several weeks in order to see results and observe any side effects. Here are the most frequently prescribed antidepressant medicines and their most common side effects. ## [Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]() The typical course of treatment for depression initially begins with a prescription for a [selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris) When the brain doesn’t make enough serotonin, or it can’t use existing serotonin correctly, the balance of chemicals in the brain may become uneven. SSRIs work to change the level of serotonin in the brain. Specifically, SSRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin. By blocking the reabsorption, neurotransmitters may send and receive chemical messages more effectively. This is thought to increase the mood-boosting effects of serotonin and improve depression symptoms. The most common SSRIs include: - fluoxetine (Prozac) - citalopram (Celexa) - paroxetine (Paxil) - [sertraline](https://www.healthline.com/health/sertraline-oral-tablet) (Zoloft) - [escitalopram](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/escitalopram-oral-tablet) (Lexapro) - fluvoxamine (Luvox) ## [SSRI side effects]() The most common side effects experienced by people who use SSRIs include: - digestive problems, including diarrhea - nausea - dry mouth - restlessness - headaches - insomnia or drowsiness - decreased sexual desire and difficulty reaching orgasm - erectile dysfunction - agitation (jitteriness) ## [Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors]() [Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris) are sometimes called dual reuptake inhibitors. They work by blocking the reuptake, or reabsorption, of serotonin and norepinephrine. With additional serotonin and norepinephrine circulating in the brain, the brain’s chemical balance may be reset, and neurotransmitters are thought to communicate more effectively. This may improve mood and help relieve symptoms of depression. The most commonly prescribed SNRIs include: - [venlafaxine](https://www.healthline.com/health/venlafaxine-oral-tablet) (Effexor XR) - desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) - duloxetine (Cymbalta) ## [SNRI side effects]() The most common side effects experienced by people who use SNRIs include: - increased sweating - increased blood pressure - heart palpitations - dry mouth - fast heart rate - digestive problems, typically constipation - changes in appetite - nausea - dizziness - restlessness - headache - insomnia or drowsiness - decreased libido and difficulty reaching orgasm - agitation (jitteriness) ## [Tricyclic antidepressants]() [Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/tricyclic-antidepressants-tcas) were invented in the 1950s, and they were among the earliest antidepressants utilized to treat depression. TCAs work by blocking the reabsorption of noradrenaline and serotonin. This may help the body prolong the mood-boosting benefits of the noradrenaline and serotonin it releases naturally, which can improve mood and reduce the effects of depression. Many doctors prescribe TCAs because they’re thought to be as safe as newer medicines. The most commonly prescribed TCAs include: - amitriptyline (Elavil) - imipramine (Tofranil) - doxepin (Sinequan) - trimipramine (Surmontil) - [clomipramine](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/clomipramine-oral-capsule) (Anafranil) ## [TCA side effects]() Side effects from this class of antidepressants tend to be severe. Men tend to experience fewer side effects than women. The most common side effects experienced by people who use TCAs include: - weight gain - dry mouth - blurred vision - drowsiness - fast heartbeat or irregular heartbeat - confusion - bladder problems, including difficulty urinating - constipation - loss of sexual desire ## [Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors]() Currently only one NDRI is FDA approved for depression. - buproprion (Wellbutrin) ## [NDRI side effects]() The most common side effects experienced by people who use NDRIs include: - seizures, when taken at high doses - anxiety - hyperventilation - nervousness - agitation (jitteriness) - irritability - shaking - trouble sleeping - restlessness ## [Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]() Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are medications that are typically prescribed only when several other medications and treatments have failed. MAOIs prevent the brain from breaking down the chemicals norepinephrine, serotonin, and [dopamine](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/what-are-mao-inhibitors). This allows the brain to maintain higher levels of these chemicals, which may boost mood and improve neurotransmitter communications. The most common MAOIs include: - phenelzine (Nardil) - selegiline (Emsam, Eldepryl, and Deprenyl) - tranylcypromine (Parnate) - isocarboxazid (Marplan) ## [MAOI side effects]() MAOIs tend to have multiple side effects, many of them serious and harmful. MAOIs also have the potential for dangerous interactions with foods and over-the-counter medications. The most common side effects experienced by people who use MAOIs include: - daytime sleepiness - insomnia - dizziness - low blood pressure - dry mouth - nervousness - weight gain - reduced sexual desire or difficulty reaching orgasm - erectile dysfunction - bladder problems, including difficulty urinating ## [Add-on or augmentation medications]() For treatment-resistant depression or for patients who continue to have unresolved symptoms, a secondary medication may be prescribed. These add-on medications are generally used to treat other mental health disorders and may include anti-anxiety medications, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics. Examples of antipsychotics that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as add-on therapies for depression include: - [aripiprazole](https://www.healthline.com/drugs/aripiprazole/oral-tablet?brand=abilify) (Abilify) - quetiapine (Seroquel) - olanzapine (Zyprexa) The side effects of these additional medications can be similar to other antidepressants. ## [Other antidepressants]() Atypical medications, or those that don’t fit into any of the other drug categories, include mirtazapine (Remeron) and trazodone (Oleptro). The main side effect of these medications is drowsiness. Because both of these medicines can cause sedation, they’re typically taken at night to prevent attention and focus problems. ### How we reviewed this article: Sources Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our [editorial policy](https://www.healthline.com/about/process). - Antidepressants.(2018). <https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html> - Majordepression. (2017). <https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression.shtml> - Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017). Antidepressants: Selecting onethat’s right for you. <http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046273> - Mayo Clinic Staff. (2018). Depression (major depressivedisorder). <https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007> - Overview: Antidepressants. (2018). <https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/antidepressants/> Share this article ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Alan-Carter-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) [Medically reviewed]() by [Alan Carter, Pharm.D.]() — Written by [Kimberly Holland]() — [Updated on October 23, 2019]() ## related stories - [Managing Antidepressant Sexual Side Effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/erectile-dysfunction/antidepressant-sexual-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext) - [A Guide to Common Antidepressant Side Effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/antidepressant-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext) - [What Are the Side Effects of Lexapro?](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/lexapro-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Wearable Trackers May Help Detect Depression Relapse Before It Occurs](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/wearable-trackers-detect-depression-relapse?utm_source=ReadNext) - [The Power of Glimmers and Joy Lists](https://www.healthline.com/health/the-power-of-glimmers-and-joy-lists?utm_source=ReadNext) ### Read this next - [Managing Antidepressant Sexual Side Effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/erectile-dysfunction/antidepressant-sexual-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Alan Carter, Pharm.D.](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [Sexual side effects, like erectile dysfunction, are common complaints of taking antidepressants. Most prescription antidepressants are part of a drug…](https://www.healthline.com/health/erectile-dysfunction/antidepressant-sexual-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/erectile-dysfunction/antidepressant-sexual-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext) - [A Guide to Common Antidepressant Side Effects](https://www.healthline.com/health/antidepressant-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Timothy J. Legg, PhD, PsyD, CRNP, ACRN, CPH](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [Antidepressant side effects can range from mild discomfort to severe impacts on your daily life. We’ll go over and compare the common side effects…](https://www.healthline.com/health/antidepressant-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/antidepressant-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext) - [What Are the Side Effects of Lexapro?](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/lexapro-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Darren Hein, PharmD](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [If your doctor prescribes Lexapro for your depression or anxiety, the drug may cause side effects. Learn what to watch for.](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/lexapro-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/lexapro-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Wearable Trackers May Help Detect Depression Relapse Before It Occurs](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/wearable-trackers-detect-depression-relapse?utm_source=ReadNext) [A recent study found that wearable trackers may be able to detect a relapse in depression before it occurs.](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/wearable-trackers-detect-depression-relapse?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/wearable-trackers-detect-depression-relapse?utm_source=ReadNext) - [The Power of Glimmers and Joy Lists](https://www.healthline.com/health/the-power-of-glimmers-and-joy-lists?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Jennifer Litner, PhD, LMFT, CST](https://www.healthline.com/medical-team) [Looking for an easy and effective self-care tool? 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Readable Markdown	Overview Treatment for major depressive disorder (also known as major depression, clinical depression, unipolar depression, or MDD) depends on the individual and the severity of the illness. However, doctors often discover the best results when both prescription medications, such as [antidepressants](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/medication-list), and psychotherapy are used in combination. Currently, more than two-dozen antidepressant medications are available. Antidepressants are successful in treating depression, but no single medication has been shown to be the most effective — it depends entirely on the patient and their individual circumstances. You’ll have to take the medication regularly for several weeks in order to see results and observe any side effects. Here are the most frequently prescribed antidepressant medicines and their most common side effects. When the brain doesn’t make enough serotonin, or it can’t use existing serotonin correctly, the balance of chemicals in the brain may become uneven. SSRIs work to change the level of serotonin in the brain. Specifically, SSRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin. By blocking the reabsorption, neurotransmitters may send and receive chemical messages more effectively. This is thought to increase the mood-boosting effects of serotonin and improve depression symptoms. The most common SSRIs include: - fluoxetine (Prozac) - citalopram (Celexa) - paroxetine (Paxil) - [sertraline](https://www.healthline.com/health/sertraline-oral-tablet) (Zoloft) - [escitalopram](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/escitalopram-oral-tablet) (Lexapro) - fluvoxamine (Luvox) The most common side effects experienced by people who use SSRIs include: - digestive problems, including diarrhea - nausea - dry mouth - restlessness - headaches - insomnia or drowsiness - decreased sexual desire and difficulty reaching orgasm - erectile dysfunction - agitation (jitteriness) With additional serotonin and norepinephrine circulating in the brain, the brain’s chemical balance may be reset, and neurotransmitters are thought to communicate more effectively. This may improve mood and help relieve symptoms of depression. The most commonly prescribed SNRIs include: - [venlafaxine](https://www.healthline.com/health/venlafaxine-oral-tablet) (Effexor XR) - desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) - duloxetine (Cymbalta) The most common side effects experienced by people who use SNRIs include: - increased sweating - increased blood pressure - heart palpitations - dry mouth - fast heart rate - digestive problems, typically constipation - changes in appetite - nausea - dizziness - restlessness - headache - insomnia or drowsiness - decreased libido and difficulty reaching orgasm - agitation (jitteriness) [Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/tricyclic-antidepressants-tcas) were invented in the 1950s, and they were among the earliest antidepressants utilized to treat depression. TCAs work by blocking the reabsorption of noradrenaline and serotonin. This may help the body prolong the mood-boosting benefits of the noradrenaline and serotonin it releases naturally, which can improve mood and reduce the effects of depression. Many doctors prescribe TCAs because they’re thought to be as safe as newer medicines. The most commonly prescribed TCAs include: - amitriptyline (Elavil) - imipramine (Tofranil) - doxepin (Sinequan) - trimipramine (Surmontil) - [clomipramine](https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/clomipramine-oral-capsule) (Anafranil) Side effects from this class of antidepressants tend to be severe. Men tend to experience fewer side effects than women. The most common side effects experienced by people who use TCAs include: - weight gain - dry mouth - blurred vision - drowsiness - fast heartbeat or irregular heartbeat - confusion - bladder problems, including difficulty urinating - constipation - loss of sexual desire Currently only one NDRI is FDA approved for depression. - buproprion (Wellbutrin) The most common side effects experienced by people who use NDRIs include: - seizures, when taken at high doses - anxiety - hyperventilation - nervousness - agitation (jitteriness) - irritability - shaking - trouble sleeping - restlessness Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are medications that are typically prescribed only when several other medications and treatments have failed. MAOIs prevent the brain from breaking down the chemicals norepinephrine, serotonin, and [dopamine](https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/what-are-mao-inhibitors). This allows the brain to maintain higher levels of these chemicals, which may boost mood and improve neurotransmitter communications. The most common MAOIs include: - phenelzine (Nardil) - selegiline (Emsam, Eldepryl, and Deprenyl) - tranylcypromine (Parnate) - isocarboxazid (Marplan) MAOIs tend to have multiple side effects, many of them serious and harmful. MAOIs also have the potential for dangerous interactions with foods and over-the-counter medications. The most common side effects experienced by people who use MAOIs include: - daytime sleepiness - insomnia - dizziness - low blood pressure - dry mouth - nervousness - weight gain - reduced sexual desire or difficulty reaching orgasm - erectile dysfunction - bladder problems, including difficulty urinating For treatment-resistant depression or for patients who continue to have unresolved symptoms, a secondary medication may be prescribed. These add-on medications are generally used to treat other mental health disorders and may include anti-anxiety medications, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics. Examples of antipsychotics that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as add-on therapies for depression include: - [aripiprazole](https://www.healthline.com/drugs/aripiprazole/oral-tablet?brand=abilify) (Abilify) - quetiapine (Seroquel) - olanzapine (Zyprexa) The side effects of these additional medications can be similar to other antidepressants. Atypical medications, or those that don’t fit into any of the other drug categories, include mirtazapine (Remeron) and trazodone (Oleptro). The main side effect of these medications is drowsiness. Because both of these medicines can cause sedation, they’re typically taken at night to prevent attention and focus problems.
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