🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 187 (from laksa001)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa187.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis","crawl_time":1775026910,"first_indexed_time":1489987657,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"au,gov,healthdirect!www,\/psychosis s443","src_root_hash":"11476440364350543187","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Psychosis — symptoms and treatment | healthdirect","meta_descriptions":["Psychosis may be caused or triggered by certain mental illnesses and\/or drug use in vulnerable people. Find out more about causes and treatments."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Key facts\nPeople with psychosis often can't tell what is and what isn't real.\nYou may hallucinate — hear voices that don't exist, or have false beliefs about yourself or the world.\nPsychosis can be triggered by things like mental illness or drug use.\nDepending on the cause of psychosis, treatment includes medicine and psychotherapy.\nIf you or someone close to you is experiencing psychosis, get urgent medical attention.\nOn this page\nWhat is psychosis?\nWhat symptoms are related to psychosis?\nWhat causes psychosis?\nWhen should I see my doctor?\nHow is the cause of psychosis diagnosed?\nHow is psychosis treated?\nSelf-care at home\nMedicine\nPsychological therapy\nCommunity support programs\nWhat are the complications of psychosis?\nCan psychosis be prevented?\nResources and support\nRelated information on Australian websites\nWhat is psychosis?\nPsychosis is a syndrome that affects your brain. It disrupts your normal:\nthinking\nemotions\nbehaviour\nPsychosis can be very frightening. During a 'psychotic episode', you can't tell what is and what isn't real. You may have difficulty with the way you interpret the world around you.\nAbout 1 in every 200 adult Australians will have a psychotic illness each year. A first episode of psychosis is most likely to happen from your teens to mid-thirties.\nWhat symptoms are related to psychosis?\nIf you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14.\nWhen you have a psychotic episode, you have difficulty interpreting the real world. You may act inappropriately, such as laughing at sad news or believing the television is talking to you.\nUsually, psychosis happens in 'episodes'. These can last anywhere from a few hours to a few months. This depends on the individual and the cause of their psychosis.\nSymptoms vary from person to person, and from episode to episode.\nDisordered thinking\nDisordered thinking is when your thoughts are jumbled. This can be confusing.\nIf you have disordered thinking, you may notice that:\nyour thoughts and speech speed up or slow down\nyour sentences are hard to understand\nyou have difficulty remembering things\nDelusions\nDelusions\nare when you have illogical, unshakeable beliefs about yourself and the world. These beliefs may be unusual for someone else of the same cultural background. Delusions can take different forms, such as:\nparanoia\nabout being watched or singled out for harm\nbelieving you have special powers, or are an important religious or political figure\nbelieving you are guilty of a terrible crime or act or are going to do something terrible\nHallucinations\nHallucinations\nare when you see, hear, feel, smell or taste something that doesn't exist. Auditory (sound) hallucinations are most common. You may hear voices or other sounds that are not there.\nDisordered behaviour\nDisordered behaviour is when you act unusually, such as:\nbecoming agitated and upset suddenly\nshowing childlike behaviours\nnot responding to others or the environment\ndifficulty having conversations\nfeeling inactive or slower than usual\nYou may also struggle to communicate how you are feeling. Disordered behaviour can make it hard to manage your day-to-day life, such as:\nself-care, like\npersonal hygiene\nschool\nwork\nThoughts of self-harm or suicidal thoughts\nIf you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14.\nIn severe cases, someone with psychosis may be at risk of:\nself-harm\nsuicide\nharming others\nWhat causes psychosis?\nThe causes of psychosis are complex. It's thought to be caused by a mix of:\ngenetic factors\nenvironmental factors\nbiochemical factors\nphysical factors\nIt's likely that some people are more likely to get a psychotic illness. Certain things can trigger your first episode. Common triggers include:\nstress\nor trauma\nuse of drugs such as\nmarijuana\n,\nspeed\nand others\ncertain prescription medicines\nSome people are more likely to develop psychosis, such as those with:\nmental illnesses such as\nschizophrenia\n,\nbipolar disorder\nor severe\ndepression\na family history of mental illnesses\na history of illegal drug use\nSome medical conditions have also been known to cause psychosis. These include:\nhead injuries\nepilepsy\nencephalitis\n, caused by infections such as\nHIV and AIDS\n,\nmalaria\nand\nsyphilis\nautoimmune conditions such as\nlupus\nand\nmultiple sclerosis\nendocrine conditions such as thyroid dysfunction\nbrain tumours\nSome neurological conditions may lead to the development of psychosis, such as:\nAlzheimer's disease\nLewy body dementia\nParkinson's disease\nstroke\nLarge deficiencies of some\nvitamins\nmay lead to psychosis, such as:\nfolate (Vitamin B9)\nvitamin B12\nvitamin B3\nvitamin B1\nResearch also shows that too much\ndopamine\nmay be linked to psychosis. Dopamine is a chemical messenger in your brain. Having high levels of dopamine may interrupt the pathways in your brain responsible for:\nmemory\nemotion\nsocial behaviour\nself-awareness\nmobility and movement\nWhen should I see my doctor?\nIf you are showing symptoms of psychosis, see a doctor. This can keep you and others from harm.\nYou can also contact a\nmental health crisis support team\n, such as at your local hospital.\nThe best outcomes happen when psychosis is found and treated early.\nYour\ndoctor\nmay refer you to a\npsychologist or psychiatrist\n.\nYour healthcare provider can:\nwork to find the cause of your psychosis\ntell you if it's likely to happen again\nadvise you on how to lower your chances of another psychotic episode\nhelp you be aware of and manage your triggers and symptoms\nFIND A HEALTH SERVICE\n— The\nService Finder\ncan help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.\nHow is the cause of psychosis diagnosed?\nA\nmental health professional\nwill complete an assessment which includes a:\nmental health assessment\nphysical examination\nneurological examination\nThey may also ask to speak to a relative or close friend for more information.\nThe purpose of these assessments is to find out:\nif you have psychosis\nwhat might be causing it, such as an underlying mental illness or physical health condition\nyour relevant family and medical history\nthe best course of treatment for you\nDifferent tests may be needed to work out the diagnosis. These tests may include:\nblood tests\nfor electrolyte levels (minerals and salts), hormone levels or infections\ndrug testing to identify any drugs that could be causing the psychosis\nimaging scans\nto check for abnormalities in the brain\nYour doctor or other health professional might also ask to watch you, at home or in hospital.\nHow is psychosis treated?\nTreatments and support are available for psychosis. Treatments can help improve your symptoms and allow you to live a fulfilling life.\nMedicine, psychological therapy and community support can help improve symptoms.\nTreatment usually involves a combination of:\nmedicines\neducation about the illness (psychoeducation)\npsychotherapy\nor\ncounselling\ncommunity support programs\nfamily support\npractical support\nSelf-care at home\nIf you have psychosis, there are things you can do to keep yourself safe.\nLearning to recognise signs of a psychotic episode is important so you know when to get help. Having a safe person who can help you recognise signs is important too.\nYou can also:\neat well\n,\nexercise regularly\nand make sure you get enough\nsleep\nplan times during your day to do something you enjoy\nmake sure that you rest — you can try\nrelaxation techniques\navoid using\ndrugs and alcohol\nlearn ways to\ncope with stress\nset yourself small tasks throughout your day to have a sense of achievement\nkeep track of your emotions — this helps you notice the impact of your emotions\nMedicine\nYou may be prescribed\nantipsychotic medicines\n. These medicines work by changing the chemicals in your brain, including dopamine.\nAntipsychotics usually take several weeks to reduce symptoms. But they may immediately produce a calming effect and help you get to sleep.\nAntipsychotic medicines may cause\nside effects\n. So, it's important to find the right medicine or combination of medicines for you.\nIt's also important to take any other medicines as directed. Taking them incorrectly or mixing them with alcohol or other substances can increase your chance of psychosis.\nPsychological therapy\nThere are several psychological treatments available to treat psychosis, depending on your needs. These include:\nsupportive psychotherapy\ncognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)\nfamily therapy and peer support groups\nMental health services\ncan offer practical support such as:\nstable accommodation\nsocial support\nsetting goals\nfor employment or education\nIf you have long-term psychosis, you may benefit from rehabilitation.\nMany mental illnesses are best treated by a team of different health professionals working together, including:\npsychiatrists\npsychologists\nmental health nurses\noccupational therapists\nTreatment for illnesses that cause psychosis may last for several years.\nWhat are the complications of psychosis?\nThe longer psychosis is untreated, the poorer the outcomes are. These may include:\nslower\nrecovery\nimpact on social and psychological development\npoorer response to treatment and more chance of relapse\nRelapse may cause a higher chance of:\nproblems with work, study, and relationships\ndepression\nsuicide\nIf the cause of psychosis is left untreated, other complications may arise.\nThese may depend on the underlying condition. For example, psychosis caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency, can lead to\ncognitive impairment\n.\nCan psychosis be prevented?\nSome causes of psychosis can't be prevented.\nIf you have had psychosis in the past, you can reduce the chance of recurrence by:\npracticing self-care\nlearning to recognise triggers\nlearning to recognise early symptoms\nEarly treatment such as psychotherapy can help prevent psychosis if you are experiencing a decline in your mental health.\nResources and support\nIf you would like to find out more or talk to someone, here are some organisations that can help.\nSANE Australia\nprovides information and support for people living with a mental illness and their loved ones.\nBeyond Blue\nsupports people with depression and anxiety, and their friends, family and colleagues. Call 1300 22 4636 or visit their website to chat online.\nBlack Dog Institute\nhas information and support for people affected by mood disorders.\nLifeline\nhelps anyone having a personal crisis. You can call 13 11 14 for crisis support or to chat online.\nThe\nSuicide Call Back Service\ngives assistance to anyone thinking about suicide. You can call 1300 659 467.\nYou can read the\nMental Health First Aid Australia fact sheet\nto help people with psychosis.\nFor advice and to get connected to local mental health services, call\nMedicare Mental Health\non 1800 595 212.\nIf you are a young person, you can visit a\nheadspace centre\nwithout a referral. Headspace offers mental health services to 12 to 25-year-olds. Centres are located across Australia.\nYou can also call the healthdirect helpline on\n1800 022 222\n(known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.","attrs_markdown":"[![healthdirect australia logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-hda.svg)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/)\n\nSign in\n\n- [Join](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/account\/join)\n- [Sign in](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/account\/signin)\n\nMenu\n# Healthdirect Free Australian health advice you can count on.\nJoin\n\nSign in\n\nMedical problem? Call 1800 022 222. If you need urgent medical help, call triple zero immediately\n\nhealthdirect Australia is a free service where you can talk to a nurse or doctor who can help you know what to do.\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/)\n- Health topics A-Z\n  - [Conditions](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/conditions) [Gastroenteritis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/gastroenteritis) [Skin Conditions](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/skin-conditions) [Whooping Cough](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/whooping-cough)\n  - [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/symptoms) [Abdominal Pain](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/abdominal-pain) [Bites and Stings](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/bites-and-stings) [Diarrhoea](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/diarrhoea)\n  - [Procedures](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/procedures) [Colonoscopy](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/colonoscopy) [Grommets](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/grommets) [Liposuction](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/liposuction) [Tubal ligation](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tubal-ligation)\n  - [Life stages](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/life-stages) [Babies and toddlers](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/babies-and-toddlers-health) [Kids](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/kids-health) [Seniors](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/seniors-health)\n  - [All topics](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics) [A](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/A) [B](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/B) [C](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/C) [D](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/D) [E](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/E) [F](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/F) [G](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/G) [H](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/H) [I](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/I) [J](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/J) [K](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/K) [L](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/L) [M](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/M) [N](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/N) [O](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/O) [P](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/P) [Q](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/Q) [R](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/R) [S](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/S) [T](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/T) [U](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/U) [V](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/V) [W](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/W) [X](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/X) [Y](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/Y) [Z](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/Z)\n- [Medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicines)\n- [Symptom checker](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker)\n- [Service finder](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\nMenu\n\nClose\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/)\n- [Health topics A-Z](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis)\n  - [Conditions](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/conditions)\n  - [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/symptoms)\n  - [Procedures](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/procedures)\n  - [Life stages](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/life-stages)\n  - [All topics](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics)\n- [Medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicines)\n- [Symptom checker](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker)\n- [Service finder](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\n[beginning of content]()\n\n# Psychosis\n*12-minute read*\n\nPrint\n\nShare\n\n[share via Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis \"Share this page on Facebook\")\n\nshare via Email\n\nSave\n\n[Listen](https:\/\/app-oc.readspeaker.com\/cgi-bin\/rsent?customerid=8207&lang=en_au&readid=mainContentArticleText&url=https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis \"Listen to this page using ReadSpeaker\")\n\n**If you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14.**\n\n## Key facts\n- People with psychosis often can't tell what is and what isn't real.\n- You may hallucinate — hear voices that don't exist, or have false beliefs about yourself or the world.\n- Psychosis can be triggered by things like mental illness or drug use.\n- Depending on the cause of psychosis, treatment includes medicine and psychotherapy.\n- If you or someone close to you is experiencing psychosis, get urgent medical attention.\n\n## On this page\n- [What is psychosis?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#what-is)\n- [What symptoms are related to psychosis?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#symptoms)\n- [What causes psychosis?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#causes)\n- [When should I see my doctor?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#doctor)\n- [How is the cause of psychosis diagnosed?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#diagnosed)\n- [How is psychosis treated?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#treated)\n- [Self-care at home](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#self-care)\n- [Medicine](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#medicine)\n- [Psychological therapy](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#therapy)\n- [Community support programs](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#community-support)\n- [What are the complications of psychosis?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#complications)\n- [Can psychosis be prevented?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#prevented)\n- [Resources and support](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#resources)\n- [Related information on Australian websites](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#searchGeneralResults)\n## What is psychosis?\nPsychosis is a syndrome that affects your brain. It disrupts your normal:\n\n- thinking\n- emotions\n- behaviour\n\nPsychosis can be very frightening. During a 'psychotic episode', you can't tell what is and what isn't real. You may have difficulty with the way you interpret the world around you.\n\nAbout 1 in every 200 adult Australians will have a psychotic illness each year. A first episode of psychosis is most likely to happen from your teens to mid-thirties.\n\n## What symptoms are related to psychosis?\n**If you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14.**\n\nWhen you have a psychotic episode, you have difficulty interpreting the real world. You may act inappropriately, such as laughing at sad news or believing the television is talking to you.\n\nUsually, psychosis happens in 'episodes'. These can last anywhere from a few hours to a few months. This depends on the individual and the cause of their psychosis.\n\nSymptoms vary from person to person, and from episode to episode.\n\n### Disordered thinking\nDisordered thinking is when your thoughts are jumbled. This can be confusing.\n\nIf you have disordered thinking, you may notice that:\n\n- your thoughts and speech speed up or slow down\n- your sentences are hard to understand\n- you have difficulty remembering things\n### Delusions\n[Delusions](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/delusions) are when you have illogical, unshakeable beliefs about yourself and the world. These beliefs may be unusual for someone else of the same cultural background. Delusions can take different forms, such as:\n\n- [paranoia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/paranoia) about being watched or singled out for harm\n- believing you have special powers, or are an important religious or political figure\n- believing you are guilty of a terrible crime or act or are going to do something terrible\n### Hallucinations\n[Hallucinations](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/hallucination) are when you see, hear, feel, smell or taste something that doesn't exist. Auditory (sound) hallucinations are most common. You may hear voices or other sounds that are not there.\n\n### Disordered behaviour\nDisordered behaviour is when you act unusually, such as:\n\n- becoming agitated and upset suddenly\n- showing childlike behaviours\n- not responding to others or the environment\n- difficulty having conversations\n- feeling inactive or slower than usual\n\nYou may also struggle to communicate how you are feeling. Disordered behaviour can make it hard to manage your day-to-day life, such as:\n\n- self-care, like [personal hygiene](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/personal-hygiene)\n- school\n- work\n### Thoughts of self-harm or suicidal thoughts\n**If you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14.**\n\nIn severe cases, someone with psychosis may be at risk of:\n\n- [self-harm](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/self-harm)\n- [suicide](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/warning-signs-of-suicide)\n- harming others\n## What causes psychosis?\nThe causes of psychosis are complex. It's thought to be caused by a mix of:\n\n- genetic factors\n- environmental factors\n- biochemical factors\n- physical factors\n\nIt's likely that some people are more likely to get a psychotic illness. Certain things can trigger your first episode. Common triggers include:\n\n- [stress](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/stress) or trauma\n- use of drugs such as [marijuana](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/marijuana), [speed](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/speed) and others\n- certain prescription medicines\n\nSome people are more likely to develop psychosis, such as those with:\n\n- mental illnesses such as [schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/schizophrenia), [bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/bipolar-disorder) or severe [depression](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/depression)\n- a family history of mental illnesses\n- a history of illegal drug use\n\nSome medical conditions have also been known to cause psychosis. These include:\n\n- [head injuries](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/head-injuries)\n- [epilepsy](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/epilepsy)\n- [encephalitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/encephalitis), caused by infections such as [HIV and AIDS](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/hiv-infection-and-aids), [malaria](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/malaria) and [syphilis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/syphilis)\n- autoimmune conditions such as [lupus](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/lupus) and [multiple sclerosis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/multiple-sclerosis-ms)\n- endocrine conditions such as thyroid dysfunction\n- [brain tumours](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/brain-cancer)\n\nSome neurological conditions may lead to the development of psychosis, such as:\n\n- [Alzheimer's disease](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/alzheimers-disease)\n- [Lewy body dementia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/lewy-body-dementias)\n- [Parkinson's disease](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/parkinsons-disease)\n- [stroke](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/stroke)\n\nLarge deficiencies of some [vitamins](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/vitamins-and-minerals) may lead to psychosis, such as:\n\n- folate (Vitamin B9)\n- vitamin B12\n- vitamin B3\n- vitamin B1\n\nResearch also shows that too much [dopamine](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/dopamine) may be linked to psychosis. Dopamine is a chemical messenger in your brain. Having high levels of dopamine may interrupt the pathways in your brain responsible for:\n\n- memory\n- emotion\n- social behaviour\n- self-awareness\n- mobility and movement\n## When should I see my doctor?\nIf you are showing symptoms of psychosis, see a doctor. This can keep you and others from harm.\n\nYou can also contact a [mental health crisis support team](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/mental-health-crisis-support), such as at your local hospital.\n\nThe best outcomes happen when psychosis is found and treated early.\n\nYour [doctor](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/talking-to-your-doctor-gp-about-mental-health) may refer you to a [psychologist or psychiatrist](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychiatrists-and-psychologists).\n\nYour healthcare provider can:\n\n- work to find the cause of your psychosis\n- tell you if it's likely to happen again\n- advise you on how to lower your chances of another psychotic episode\n- help you be aware of and manage your triggers and symptoms\n\n[**FIND A HEALTH SERVICE** — The **Service Finder** can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\n## How is the cause of psychosis diagnosed?\nA [mental health professional](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/mental-health-professionals) will complete an assessment which includes a:\n\n- mental health assessment\n- physical examination\n- neurological examination\n\nThey may also ask to speak to a relative or close friend for more information.\n\nThe purpose of these assessments is to find out:\n\n- if you have psychosis\n- what might be causing it, such as an underlying mental illness or physical health condition\n- your relevant family and medical history\n- the best course of treatment for you\n\nDifferent tests may be needed to work out the diagnosis. These tests may include:\n\n- [blood tests](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/blood-testing) for electrolyte levels (minerals and salts), hormone levels or infections\n- drug testing to identify any drugs that could be causing the psychosis\n- [imaging scans](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/what-is-a-radiographer-what-is-a-radiologist) to check for abnormalities in the brain\n\nYour doctor or other health professional might also ask to watch you, at home or in hospital.\n\n## How is psychosis treated?\nTreatments and support are available for psychosis. Treatments can help improve your symptoms and allow you to live a fulfilling life.\n\nMedicine, psychological therapy and community support can help improve symptoms.\n\nTreatment usually involves a combination of:\n\n- medicines\n- education about the illness (psychoeducation)\n- [psychotherapy](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychotherapy) or [counselling](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/counsellors-and-counselling)\n- community support programs\n- family support\n- practical support\n## Self-care at home\nIf you have psychosis, there are things you can do to keep yourself safe.\n\nLearning to recognise signs of a psychotic episode is important so you know when to get help. Having a safe person who can help you recognise signs is important too.\n\nYou can also:\n\n- [eat well](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/healthy-eating), [exercise regularly](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/exercise-and-mental-health) and make sure you get enough [sleep](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sleep)\n- plan times during your day to do something you enjoy\n- make sure that you rest — you can try [relaxation techniques](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief)\n- avoid using [drugs and alcohol](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/drugs-and-alcohol)\n- learn ways to[cope with stress](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/resilience)\n- set yourself small tasks throughout your day to have a sense of achievement\n- keep track of your emotions — this helps you notice the impact of your emotions\n## Medicine\nYou may be prescribed [antipsychotic medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/antipsychotic-medicines). These medicines work by changing the chemicals in your brain, including dopamine.\n\nAntipsychotics usually take several weeks to reduce symptoms. But they may immediately produce a calming effect and help you get to sleep.\n\nAntipsychotic medicines may cause [side effects](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicine-and-side-effects). So, it's important to find the right medicine or combination of medicines for you.\n\nIt's also important to take any other medicines as directed. Taking them incorrectly or mixing them with alcohol or other substances can increase your chance of psychosis.\n\n## Psychological therapy\nThere are several psychological treatments available to treat psychosis, depending on your needs. These include:\n\n- supportive psychotherapy\n- [cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cognitive-behaviour-therapy-cbt)\n- family therapy and peer support groups\n## Community support programs\n[Mental health services](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-mental-health-services) can offer practical support such as:\n\n- stable accommodation\n- social support\n- [setting goals](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/goal-setting) for employment or education\n\nIf you have long-term psychosis, you may benefit from rehabilitation.\n\nMany mental illnesses are best treated by a team of different health professionals working together, including:\n\n- psychiatrists\n- psychologists\n- [mental health nurses](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/mental-health-nurses)\n- [occupational therapists](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/occupational-therapy)\n\nTreatment for illnesses that cause psychosis may last for several years.\n\n## What are the complications of psychosis?\nThe longer psychosis is untreated, the poorer the outcomes are. These may include:\n\n- slower [recovery](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/mental-health-recovery)\n- impact on social and psychological development\n- poorer response to treatment and more chance of relapse\n\nRelapse may cause a higher chance of:\n\n- problems with work, study, and relationships\n- depression\n- suicide\n\nIf the cause of psychosis is left untreated, other complications may arise.\n\nThese may depend on the underlying condition. For example, psychosis caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency, can lead to [cognitive impairment](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cognitive-impairment).\n\n## Can psychosis be prevented?\nSome causes of psychosis can't be prevented.\n\nIf you have had psychosis in the past, you can reduce the chance of recurrence by:\n\n- practicing self-care\n- learning to recognise triggers\n- learning to recognise early symptoms\n\nEarly treatment such as psychotherapy can help prevent psychosis if you are experiencing a decline in your mental health.\n\n## Resources and support\nIf you would like to find out more or talk to someone, here are some organisations that can help.\n\n[SANE Australia](https:\/\/www.sane.org\/get-support\/sane-support-services) provides information and support for people living with a mental illness and their loved ones.\n\n[Beyond Blue](https:\/\/www.beyondblue.org.au\/) supports people with depression and anxiety, and their friends, family and colleagues. Call 1300 22 4636 or visit their website to chat online.\n\n[Black Dog Institute](https:\/\/www.blackdoginstitute.org.au\/) has information and support for people affected by mood disorders.\n\n[Lifeline](https:\/\/www.lifeline.org.au\/) helps anyone having a personal crisis. You can call 13 11 14 for crisis support or to chat online.\n\nThe [Suicide Call Back Service](https:\/\/www.suicidecallbackservice.org.au\/) gives assistance to anyone thinking about suicide. You can call 1300 659 467.\n\nYou can read the [Mental Health First Aid Australia fact sheet](https:\/\/www.mhfa.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/MHFA_Psychosis-Guidelines.pdf) to help people with psychosis.\n\nFor advice and to get connected to local mental health services, call [Medicare Mental Health](https:\/\/www.medicarementalhealth.gov.au\/) on 1800 595 212.\n\nIf you are a young person, you can visit a [headspace centre](https:\/\/headspace.org.au\/headspace-centres\/) without a referral. Headspace offers mental health services to 12 to 25-year-olds. Centres are located across Australia.\n\nYou can also call the healthdirect helpline on [1800 022 222](tel:1800022222) (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.\n\n#### Sources:\nMental Health First Aid Australia *[(Psychosis Guidelines)](https:\/\/www.gvhealth.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1.-MHFA_psychosis_guidelines_A4_2020.pdf \"Psychosis Guidelines\")*, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare *[(Prevalence and impact of mental illness)](https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/mental-health\/overview\/prevalence-and-impact-of-mental-illness \"Prevalence and impact of mental illness\")*, BMJ Best Practice *[(Assessment of psychosis)](https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/topics\/en-gb\/1066\/aetiology \"Assessment of psychosis\")*, Orygen *[(Australian Clinical Guidelines for Early Psychosis)](https:\/\/www.orygen.org.au\/Campus\/Expert-Network\/Resources\/Free\/Clinical-Practice\/Australian-Clinical-Guidelines-for-Early-Psychosis\/Australian-Clinical-Guidelines-for-Early-Psychosis.aspx?ext \"Australian Clinical Guidelines for Early Psychosis\")*, Therapeutic Guidelines *[(First episode of psychosis)](https:\/\/app.tg.org.au\/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Psychotropic&topicfile=first-episode-psychosis&guidelinename=Psychotropic&sectionId=toc_d1e461#toc_d1e461 \"First episode of psychosis\")*, Therapeutic Guidelines *[(People at risk of psychosis)](https:\/\/app.tg.org.au\/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Psychotropic&topicfile=people-at-risk-psychosis&guidelinename=Psychotropic&sectionId=toc_d1e80#toc_d1e80 \"People at risk of psychosis\")*, MDPI Healthcare *[(Dopamine, Psychosis, and Symptom Fluctuation: A Narrative Review (Novak & Seeman))](https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/10\/9\/1713 \"Dopamine, Psychosis, and Symptom Fluctuation: A Narrative Review (Novak & Seeman)\")*, Molecular Psychiatry *[(Cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry distinguishes psychosis spectrum disorders from differential diagnoses)](https:\/\/rest.neptune-prod.its.unimelb.edu.au\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/fc942d4b-3515-5a26-b0b3-22cc4fab39d6\/content \"Cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry distinguishes psychosis spectrum disorders from differential diagnoses\")*, Epilepsia *[(Interictal psychotic episodes in epilepsy: Duration and associated clinical factors)](https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03438.x \"Interictal psychotic episodes in epilepsy: Duration and associated clinical factors\")*, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre *[(Psychosis + substance abuse)](https:\/\/ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au\/sites\/default\/files\/ndarc\/resources\/NDARC_PYCHOSIS_FINAL.pdf \"Psychosis + substance abuse\")*, Orygen *[(Psychosis + young people)](https:\/\/www.orygen.org.au\/Training\/Resources\/Psychosis\/Fact-sheets\/Psychosis-and-young-people\/psychosis-yp-factsheet \"Psychosis + young people\")*, Lifeline *[(Psychotic illness)](https:\/\/www.lifeline.org.au\/media\/4wxprwlj\/draft_ll-2pp-fact-sheet_psychotic-ilness-final.pdf \"Psychotic illness\")*\n\nLearn more here about the [development and quality assurance of healthdirect content](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/about-our-content).\n\nLast reviewed: March 2025\n\n[Back To Top](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#backToTop)\n\n## Search our site for\n- [Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Schizophrenia \"Search results for: Schizophrenia\")\n- [Antipsychotics](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Antipsychotics \"Search results for: Antipsychotics\")\n- [Paranoia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Paranoia \"Search results for: Paranoia\")\n\n## Need more information?\nThese trusted information partners have more on this topic.\n\nGeneral search results\n\nResults for medical professionals\n\nTop results\n\n[Postpartum psychosis Postpartum psychosis, a severe mental illness, can happen after you give birth. If you or your partner suspect postpartum psychosis, see a doctor. *Read more on Pregnancy,Birth & Baby website* ![Pregnancy,Birth & Baby](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/PBB_logo.png)](https:\/\/www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au\/postpartum-psychosis)\n\n[Psychosis - myDr.com.au When someone experiences psychosis they are unable to distinguish what is real. Symptoms include confused thinking, delusions and hallucinations. *Read more on myDoctor website* ![myDoctor](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/mydoctor-new_logo-1f39cc.png)](https:\/\/www.mydr.com.au\/mental-health\/psychosis\/)\n\n[Cannabis & psychosis SANE Australia, the National Mental Health Charity *Read more on SANE Australia website* ![SANE Australia](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/sane-australia-logo-b817f1.png)](https:\/\/www.sane.org\/information-and-resources\/facts-and-guides\/cannabis-and-psychotic-illness)\n\n[Psychosis Psychosis impacts a person's sense of what is real and what isn't. Learn what you need to know about psychosis symptoms, causes, and how to get help. *Read more on SANE Australia website* ![SANE Australia](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/sane-australia-logo-b817f1.png)](https:\/\/www.sane.org\/information-and-resources\/facts-and-guides\/psychosis)\n\n[What is psychosis? \\| headspace Psychosis is an experience where a person has problems interpreting the world around them. They might see or hear things that other people can’t. *Read more on headspace website* ![headspace](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/headspace_fullcolourlogo-119565.png)](https:\/\/headspace.org.au\/services\/early-psychosis\/learning-about-psychosis-young-people\/)\n\n[Psychotic disorders \\| ReachOut Australia People with psychosis have trouble interpreting what's going on around them. They may have confused thoughts, false beliefs, delusions or hallucinations. *Read more on ReachOut website* ![ReachOut](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/reachout-new2024-logo-adfc1c.png)](https:\/\/au.reachout.com\/mental-health-issues\/psychotic-disorders)\n\n[Psychosis and other mental illnesses — TINO : Tune In Not Out People experiencing psychosis appear to have lost touch with everyone else's interpretation of what is going on around them. *Read more on Tune In Not Out website* ![Tune In Not Out](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/TINO_Logo.png)](https:\/\/tuneinnotout.com\/mental-health\/psychosis-and-other-mental-illnesses\/)\n\n[Jumbled Thoughts and Psychosis - WellMob Drug abuse, serious mental illness or high stress can cause psychosis or jumbled thoughts. This may include where a person might hear voices or see things that others can’t. It is important to talk with elders and go to the doctor or hospital if you have hearing, seeing or thinking strange things. *Read more on WellMob website* ![WellMob](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/wellmob_logo-81b844.png)](https:\/\/wellmob.org.au\/e-health-topics\/mind\/jumbled-thoughts-and-psychosis\/)\n\n[Psychosis - Finding North If someone is struggling to tell what's real and what's not, or they're seeing or hearing things that aren’t really there, they may be experiencing psychosis. *Read more on Finding North website* ![Finding North](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/findingnorth-logo-71176b.png)](https:\/\/findingnorth.org.au\/mental-health-wellness\/mental-health\/mental-health-conditions\/psychosis\/)\n\n[Psychosis \\| Lifeline Psychosis is a symptom of a complex mental health issue like seizures are a symptom of epilepsy. Learn more about psychosis and various terms related to it. *Read more on Lifeline website* ![Lifeline](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/Lifeline_logo.png)](https:\/\/www.lifeline.org.au\/get-help\/support-toolkit\/topics\/psychosis)\n\nShow more\n\nTop results\n\n[Psychosis: Early Warning Signs and Treatment Psychosis occurs when a person loses the capacity to distinguish reality from their imagination. Psychosis sometimes occurs alongside other mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. However, it’s worth noting that up to three-quarters of psychotic experiences do not progress to a diagnosable condition. *Read more on Ausmed Education website* ![Ausmed Education](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/ausmed-new-logo-872e67.png)](https:\/\/www.ausmed.com\/learn\/articles\/psychosis)\n\n[Psychosis - Orygen, Revolution in Mind Our Skills & Knowledge Division concentrates on growing the capacity of Australia’s youth mental health workforce with an emphasis on accessible expertise and innovation. *Read more on Orygen website* ![Orygen](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/orygennew_logo-3964f3.png)](https:\/\/www.orygen.org.au\/Training\/Resources\/Psychosis)\n\nShow more\n\n## Disclaimer\nHealthdirect Australia is not responsible for the content and advertising on the external website you are now entering.\n\n[OK]()\n\n## Search our site for\n- [Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Schizophrenia \"Search results for: Schizophrenia\")\n- [Antipsychotics](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Antipsychotics \"Search results for: Antipsychotics\")\n- [Paranoia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Paranoia \"Search results for: Paranoia\")\n\n## Symptom checker\n**Worried about your health?**\n\nSelect a symptom, answer some questions, get advice\n\n[Start Your Symptom Check](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker \"Check symptoms\")\n\n[Check your symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker\/tool?symptom=GNRC) [Find a health service](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\n# Healthdirect 24hr 7 days a week hotline\n24 hour health advice you can count on\n\n[1800 022 222](tel:1800022222)\n\n# Government Accredited with over 140 information partners\n![Healthdirect logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-hda.svg)\n\nWe are a government-funded service, providing quality, approved 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We pay our respects to the Traditional Owners and to Elders both past and present.\n\n© 2026 Healthdirect Australia Limited\n\n## Support for this browser is being discontinued\nSupport for this browser is being discontinued for this site\n\n- Internet Explorer 11 and lower\n\nWe currently support Microsoft Edge, Chrome, Firefox and Safari. For more information, please visit the links below:\n\n- [Chrome by Google](https:\/\/www.google.com.au\/chrome\/)\n- [Firefox by Mozilla](https:\/\/www.mozilla.org\/en-US\/firefox\/new)\n- [Microsoft Edge](https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/edge)\n- [Safari by Apple](https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en_AU\/downloads\/safari)\n\nYou are welcome to continue browsing this site with this browser. Some features, tools or interaction may not work correctly.\n\nContinue\n\n![](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/tr?id=286390378916509&ev=PageView%0A%0A&noscript=1)","attrs_readable_markdown":"## Key facts\n- People with psychosis often can't tell what is and what isn't real.\n- You may hallucinate — hear voices that don't exist, or have false beliefs about yourself or the world.\n- Psychosis can be triggered by things like mental illness or drug use.\n- Depending on the cause of psychosis, treatment includes medicine and psychotherapy.\n- If you or someone close to you is experiencing psychosis, get urgent medical attention.\n\n## On this page\n- [What is psychosis?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#what-is)\n- [What symptoms are related to psychosis?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#symptoms)\n- [What causes psychosis?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#causes)\n- [When should I see my doctor?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#doctor)\n- [How is the cause of psychosis diagnosed?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#diagnosed)\n- [How is psychosis treated?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#treated)\n- [Self-care at home](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#self-care)\n- [Medicine](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#medicine)\n- [Psychological therapy](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#therapy)\n- [Community support programs](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#community-support)\n- [What are the complications of psychosis?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#complications)\n- [Can psychosis be prevented?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#prevented)\n- [Resources and support](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#resources)\n- [Related information on Australian websites](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychosis#searchGeneralResults)\n## What is psychosis?\nPsychosis is a syndrome that affects your brain. It disrupts your normal:\n\n- thinking\n- emotions\n- behaviour\n\nPsychosis can be very frightening. During a 'psychotic episode', you can't tell what is and what isn't real. You may have difficulty with the way you interpret the world around you.\n\nAbout 1 in every 200 adult Australians will have a psychotic illness each year. A first episode of psychosis is most likely to happen from your teens to mid-thirties.\n\n## What symptoms are related to psychosis?\n**If you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14.**\n\nWhen you have a psychotic episode, you have difficulty interpreting the real world. You may act inappropriately, such as laughing at sad news or believing the television is talking to you.\n\nUsually, psychosis happens in 'episodes'. These can last anywhere from a few hours to a few months. This depends on the individual and the cause of their psychosis.\n\nSymptoms vary from person to person, and from episode to episode.\n\n### Disordered thinking\nDisordered thinking is when your thoughts are jumbled. This can be confusing.\n\nIf you have disordered thinking, you may notice that:\n\n- your thoughts and speech speed up or slow down\n- your sentences are hard to understand\n- you have difficulty remembering things\n### Delusions\n[Delusions](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/delusions) are when you have illogical, unshakeable beliefs about yourself and the world. These beliefs may be unusual for someone else of the same cultural background. Delusions can take different forms, such as:\n\n- [paranoia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/paranoia) about being watched or singled out for harm\n- believing you have special powers, or are an important religious or political figure\n- believing you are guilty of a terrible crime or act or are going to do something terrible\n### Hallucinations\n[Hallucinations](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/hallucination) are when you see, hear, feel, smell or taste something that doesn't exist. Auditory (sound) hallucinations are most common. You may hear voices or other sounds that are not there.\n\n### Disordered behaviour\nDisordered behaviour is when you act unusually, such as:\n\n- becoming agitated and upset suddenly\n- showing childlike behaviours\n- not responding to others or the environment\n- difficulty having conversations\n- feeling inactive or slower than usual\n\nYou may also struggle to communicate how you are feeling. Disordered behaviour can make it hard to manage your day-to-day life, such as:\n\n- self-care, like [personal hygiene](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/personal-hygiene)\n- school\n- work\n### Thoughts of self-harm or suicidal thoughts\n**If you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14.**\n\nIn severe cases, someone with psychosis may be at risk of:\n\n- [self-harm](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/self-harm)\n- [suicide](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/warning-signs-of-suicide)\n- harming others\n## What causes psychosis?\nThe causes of psychosis are complex. It's thought to be caused by a mix of:\n\n- genetic factors\n- environmental factors\n- biochemical factors\n- physical factors\n\nIt's likely that some people are more likely to get a psychotic illness. Certain things can trigger your first episode. Common triggers include:\n\n- [stress](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/stress) or trauma\n- use of drugs such as [marijuana](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/marijuana), [speed](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/speed) and others\n- certain prescription medicines\n\nSome people are more likely to develop psychosis, such as those with:\n\n- mental illnesses such as [schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/schizophrenia), [bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/bipolar-disorder) or severe [depression](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/depression)\n- a family history of mental illnesses\n- a history of illegal drug use\n\nSome medical conditions have also been known to cause psychosis. These include:\n\n- [head injuries](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/head-injuries)\n- [epilepsy](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/epilepsy)\n- [encephalitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/encephalitis), caused by infections such as [HIV and AIDS](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/hiv-infection-and-aids), [malaria](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/malaria) and [syphilis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/syphilis)\n- autoimmune conditions such as [lupus](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/lupus) and [multiple sclerosis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/multiple-sclerosis-ms)\n- endocrine conditions such as thyroid dysfunction\n- [brain tumours](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/brain-cancer)\n\nSome neurological conditions may lead to the development of psychosis, such as:\n\n- [Alzheimer's disease](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/alzheimers-disease)\n- [Lewy body dementia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/lewy-body-dementias)\n- [Parkinson's disease](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/parkinsons-disease)\n- [stroke](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/stroke)\n\nLarge deficiencies of some [vitamins](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/vitamins-and-minerals) may lead to psychosis, such as:\n\n- folate (Vitamin B9)\n- vitamin B12\n- vitamin B3\n- vitamin B1\n\nResearch also shows that too much [dopamine](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/dopamine) may be linked to psychosis. Dopamine is a chemical messenger in your brain. Having high levels of dopamine may interrupt the pathways in your brain responsible for:\n\n- memory\n- emotion\n- social behaviour\n- self-awareness\n- mobility and movement\n## When should I see my doctor?\nIf you are showing symptoms of psychosis, see a doctor. This can keep you and others from harm.\n\nYou can also contact a [mental health crisis support team](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/mental-health-crisis-support), such as at your local hospital.\n\nThe best outcomes happen when psychosis is found and treated early.\n\nYour [doctor](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/talking-to-your-doctor-gp-about-mental-health) may refer you to a [psychologist or psychiatrist](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychiatrists-and-psychologists).\n\nYour healthcare provider can:\n\n- work to find the cause of your psychosis\n- tell you if it's likely to happen again\n- advise you on how to lower your chances of another psychotic episode\n- help you be aware of and manage your triggers and symptoms\n\n[**FIND A HEALTH SERVICE** — The **Service Finder** can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\n## How is the cause of psychosis diagnosed?\nA [mental health professional](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/mental-health-professionals) will complete an assessment which includes a:\n\n- mental health assessment\n- physical examination\n- neurological examination\n\nThey may also ask to speak to a relative or close friend for more information.\n\nThe purpose of these assessments is to find out:\n\n- if you have psychosis\n- what might be causing it, such as an underlying mental illness or physical health condition\n- your relevant family and medical history\n- the best course of treatment for you\n\nDifferent tests may be needed to work out the diagnosis. These tests may include:\n\n- [blood tests](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/blood-testing) for electrolyte levels (minerals and salts), hormone levels or infections\n- drug testing to identify any drugs that could be causing the psychosis\n- [imaging scans](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/what-is-a-radiographer-what-is-a-radiologist) to check for abnormalities in the brain\n\nYour doctor or other health professional might also ask to watch you, at home or in hospital.\n\n## How is psychosis treated?\nTreatments and support are available for psychosis. Treatments can help improve your symptoms and allow you to live a fulfilling life.\n\nMedicine, psychological therapy and community support can help improve symptoms.\n\nTreatment usually involves a combination of:\n\n- medicines\n- education about the illness (psychoeducation)\n- [psychotherapy](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/psychotherapy) or [counselling](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/counsellors-and-counselling)\n- community support programs\n- family support\n- practical support\n## Self-care at home\nIf you have psychosis, there are things you can do to keep yourself safe.\n\nLearning to recognise signs of a psychotic episode is important so you know when to get help. Having a safe person who can help you recognise signs is important too.\n\nYou can also:\n\n- [eat well](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/healthy-eating), [exercise regularly](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/exercise-and-mental-health) and make sure you get enough [sleep](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sleep)\n- plan times during your day to do something you enjoy\n- make sure that you rest — you can try [relaxation techniques](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief)\n- avoid using [drugs and alcohol](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/drugs-and-alcohol)\n- learn ways to[cope with stress](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/resilience)\n- set yourself small tasks throughout your day to have a sense of achievement\n- keep track of your emotions — this helps you notice the impact of your emotions\n## Medicine\nYou may be prescribed [antipsychotic medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/antipsychotic-medicines). These medicines work by changing the chemicals in your brain, including dopamine.\n\nAntipsychotics usually take several weeks to reduce symptoms. But they may immediately produce a calming effect and help you get to sleep.\n\nAntipsychotic medicines may cause [side effects](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicine-and-side-effects). So, it's important to find the right medicine or combination of medicines for you.\n\nIt's also important to take any other medicines as directed. Taking them incorrectly or mixing them with alcohol or other substances can increase your chance of psychosis.\n\n## Psychological therapy\nThere are several psychological treatments available to treat psychosis, depending on your needs. These include:\n\n- supportive psychotherapy\n- [cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cognitive-behaviour-therapy-cbt)\n- family therapy and peer support groups\n\n[Mental health services](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-mental-health-services) can offer practical support such as:\n\n- stable accommodation\n- social support\n- [setting goals](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/goal-setting) for employment or education\n\nIf you have long-term psychosis, you may benefit from rehabilitation.\n\nMany mental illnesses are best treated by a team of different health professionals working together, including:\n\n- psychiatrists\n- psychologists\n- [mental health nurses](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/mental-health-nurses)\n- [occupational therapists](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/occupational-therapy)\n\nTreatment for illnesses that cause psychosis may last for several years.\n\n## What are the complications of psychosis?\nThe longer psychosis is untreated, the poorer the outcomes are. These may include:\n\n- slower [recovery](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/mental-health-recovery)\n- impact on social and psychological development\n- poorer response to treatment and more chance of relapse\n\nRelapse may cause a higher chance of:\n\n- problems with work, study, and relationships\n- depression\n- suicide\n\nIf the cause of psychosis is left untreated, other complications may arise.\n\nThese may depend on the underlying condition. For example, psychosis caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency, can lead to [cognitive impairment](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cognitive-impairment).\n\n## Can psychosis be prevented?\nSome causes of psychosis can't be prevented.\n\nIf you have had psychosis in the past, you can reduce the chance of recurrence by:\n\n- practicing self-care\n- learning to recognise triggers\n- learning to recognise early symptoms\n\nEarly treatment such as psychotherapy can help prevent psychosis if you are experiencing a decline in your mental health.\n\n## Resources and support\nIf you would like to find out more or talk to someone, here are some organisations that can help.\n\n[SANE Australia](https:\/\/www.sane.org\/get-support\/sane-support-services) provides information and support for people living with a mental illness and their loved ones.\n\n[Beyond Blue](https:\/\/www.beyondblue.org.au\/) supports people with depression and anxiety, and their friends, family and colleagues. Call 1300 22 4636 or visit their website to chat online.\n\n[Black Dog Institute](https:\/\/www.blackdoginstitute.org.au\/) has information and support for people affected by mood disorders.\n\n[Lifeline](https:\/\/www.lifeline.org.au\/) helps anyone having a personal crisis. You can call 13 11 14 for crisis support or to chat online.\n\nThe [Suicide Call Back Service](https:\/\/www.suicidecallbackservice.org.au\/) gives assistance to anyone thinking about suicide. You can call 1300 659 467.\n\nYou can read the [Mental Health First Aid Australia fact sheet](https:\/\/www.mhfa.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/MHFA_Psychosis-Guidelines.pdf) to help people with psychosis.\n\nFor advice and to get connected to local mental health services, call [Medicare Mental Health](https:\/\/www.medicarementalhealth.gov.au\/) on 1800 595 212.\n\nIf you are a young person, you can visit a [headspace centre](https:\/\/headspace.org.au\/headspace-centres\/) without a referral. Headspace offers mental health services to 12 to 25-year-olds. Centres are located across Australia.\n\nYou can also call the healthdirect helpline on [1800 022 222](tel:1800022222) (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Psychosis — symptoms and treatment \| healthdirect
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Boilerpipe Text	Key facts People with psychosis often can't tell what is and what isn't real. You may hallucinate — hear voices that don't exist, or have false beliefs about yourself or the world. Psychosis can be triggered by things like mental illness or drug use. Depending on the cause of psychosis, treatment includes medicine and psychotherapy. If you or someone close to you is experiencing psychosis, get urgent medical attention. On this page What is psychosis? What symptoms are related to psychosis? What causes psychosis? When should I see my doctor? How is the cause of psychosis diagnosed? How is psychosis treated? Self-care at home Medicine Psychological therapy Community support programs What are the complications of psychosis? Can psychosis be prevented? Resources and support Related information on Australian websites What is psychosis? Psychosis is a syndrome that affects your brain. It disrupts your normal: thinking emotions behaviour Psychosis can be very frightening. During a 'psychotic episode', you can't tell what is and what isn't real. You may have difficulty with the way you interpret the world around you. About 1 in every 200 adult Australians will have a psychotic illness each year. A first episode of psychosis is most likely to happen from your teens to mid-thirties. What symptoms are related to psychosis? If you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14. When you have a psychotic episode, you have difficulty interpreting the real world. You may act inappropriately, such as laughing at sad news or believing the television is talking to you. Usually, psychosis happens in 'episodes'. These can last anywhere from a few hours to a few months. This depends on the individual and the cause of their psychosis. Symptoms vary from person to person, and from episode to episode. Disordered thinking Disordered thinking is when your thoughts are jumbled. This can be confusing. If you have disordered thinking, you may notice that: your thoughts and speech speed up or slow down your sentences are hard to understand you have difficulty remembering things Delusions Delusions are when you have illogical, unshakeable beliefs about yourself and the world. These beliefs may be unusual for someone else of the same cultural background. Delusions can take different forms, such as: paranoia about being watched or singled out for harm believing you have special powers, or are an important religious or political figure believing you are guilty of a terrible crime or act or are going to do something terrible Hallucinations Hallucinations are when you see, hear, feel, smell or taste something that doesn't exist. Auditory (sound) hallucinations are most common. You may hear voices or other sounds that are not there. Disordered behaviour Disordered behaviour is when you act unusually, such as: becoming agitated and upset suddenly showing childlike behaviours not responding to others or the environment difficulty having conversations feeling inactive or slower than usual You may also struggle to communicate how you are feeling. Disordered behaviour can make it hard to manage your day-to-day life, such as: self-care, like personal hygiene school work Thoughts of self-harm or suicidal thoughts If you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14. In severe cases, someone with psychosis may be at risk of: self-harm suicide harming others What causes psychosis? The causes of psychosis are complex. It's thought to be caused by a mix of: genetic factors environmental factors biochemical factors physical factors It's likely that some people are more likely to get a psychotic illness. Certain things can trigger your first episode. Common triggers include: stress or trauma use of drugs such as marijuana , speed and others certain prescription medicines Some people are more likely to develop psychosis, such as those with: mental illnesses such as schizophrenia , bipolar disorder or severe depression a family history of mental illnesses a history of illegal drug use Some medical conditions have also been known to cause psychosis. These include: head injuries epilepsy encephalitis , caused by infections such as HIV and AIDS , malaria and syphilis autoimmune conditions such as lupus and multiple sclerosis endocrine conditions such as thyroid dysfunction brain tumours Some neurological conditions may lead to the development of psychosis, such as: Alzheimer's disease Lewy body dementia Parkinson's disease stroke Large deficiencies of some vitamins may lead to psychosis, such as: folate (Vitamin B9) vitamin B12 vitamin B3 vitamin B1 Research also shows that too much dopamine may be linked to psychosis. Dopamine is a chemical messenger in your brain. Having high levels of dopamine may interrupt the pathways in your brain responsible for: memory emotion social behaviour self-awareness mobility and movement When should I see my doctor? If you are showing symptoms of psychosis, see a doctor. This can keep you and others from harm. You can also contact a mental health crisis support team , such as at your local hospital. The best outcomes happen when psychosis is found and treated early. Your doctor may refer you to a psychologist or psychiatrist . Your healthcare provider can: work to find the cause of your psychosis tell you if it's likely to happen again advise you on how to lower your chances of another psychotic episode help you be aware of and manage your triggers and symptoms FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — The Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services. How is the cause of psychosis diagnosed? A mental health professional will complete an assessment which includes a: mental health assessment physical examination neurological examination They may also ask to speak to a relative or close friend for more information. The purpose of these assessments is to find out: if you have psychosis what might be causing it, such as an underlying mental illness or physical health condition your relevant family and medical history the best course of treatment for you Different tests may be needed to work out the diagnosis. These tests may include: blood tests for electrolyte levels (minerals and salts), hormone levels or infections drug testing to identify any drugs that could be causing the psychosis imaging scans to check for abnormalities in the brain Your doctor or other health professional might also ask to watch you, at home or in hospital. How is psychosis treated? Treatments and support are available for psychosis. Treatments can help improve your symptoms and allow you to live a fulfilling life. Medicine, psychological therapy and community support can help improve symptoms. Treatment usually involves a combination of: medicines education about the illness (psychoeducation) psychotherapy or counselling community support programs family support practical support Self-care at home If you have psychosis, there are things you can do to keep yourself safe. Learning to recognise signs of a psychotic episode is important so you know when to get help. Having a safe person who can help you recognise signs is important too. You can also: eat well , exercise regularly and make sure you get enough sleep plan times during your day to do something you enjoy make sure that you rest — you can try relaxation techniques avoid using drugs and alcohol learn ways to cope with stress set yourself small tasks throughout your day to have a sense of achievement keep track of your emotions — this helps you notice the impact of your emotions Medicine You may be prescribed antipsychotic medicines . These medicines work by changing the chemicals in your brain, including dopamine. Antipsychotics usually take several weeks to reduce symptoms. But they may immediately produce a calming effect and help you get to sleep. Antipsychotic medicines may cause side effects . So, it's important to find the right medicine or combination of medicines for you. It's also important to take any other medicines as directed. Taking them incorrectly or mixing them with alcohol or other substances can increase your chance of psychosis. Psychological therapy There are several psychological treatments available to treat psychosis, depending on your needs. These include: supportive psychotherapy cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) family therapy and peer support groups Mental health services can offer practical support such as: stable accommodation social support setting goals for employment or education If you have long-term psychosis, you may benefit from rehabilitation. Many mental illnesses are best treated by a team of different health professionals working together, including: psychiatrists psychologists mental health nurses occupational therapists Treatment for illnesses that cause psychosis may last for several years. What are the complications of psychosis? The longer psychosis is untreated, the poorer the outcomes are. These may include: slower recovery impact on social and psychological development poorer response to treatment and more chance of relapse Relapse may cause a higher chance of: problems with work, study, and relationships depression suicide If the cause of psychosis is left untreated, other complications may arise. These may depend on the underlying condition. For example, psychosis caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency, can lead to cognitive impairment . Can psychosis be prevented? Some causes of psychosis can't be prevented. If you have had psychosis in the past, you can reduce the chance of recurrence by: practicing self-care learning to recognise triggers learning to recognise early symptoms Early treatment such as psychotherapy can help prevent psychosis if you are experiencing a decline in your mental health. Resources and support If you would like to find out more or talk to someone, here are some organisations that can help. SANE Australia provides information and support for people living with a mental illness and their loved ones. Beyond Blue supports people with depression and anxiety, and their friends, family and colleagues. Call 1300 22 4636 or visit their website to chat online. Black Dog Institute has information and support for people affected by mood disorders. Lifeline helps anyone having a personal crisis. You can call 13 11 14 for crisis support or to chat online. The Suicide Call Back Service gives assistance to anyone thinking about suicide. You can call 1300 659 467. You can read the Mental Health First Aid Australia fact sheet to help people with psychosis. For advice and to get connected to local mental health services, call Medicare Mental Health on 1800 595 212. If you are a young person, you can visit a headspace centre without a referral. Headspace offers mental health services to 12 to 25-year-olds. Centres are located across Australia. You can also call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
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For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14. ## Key facts - People with psychosis often can't tell what is and what isn't real. - You may hallucinate — hear voices that don't exist, or have false beliefs about yourself or the world. - Psychosis can be triggered by things like mental illness or drug use. - Depending on the cause of psychosis, treatment includes medicine and psychotherapy. - If you or someone close to you is experiencing psychosis, get urgent medical attention. ## On this page - [What is psychosis?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#what-is) - [What symptoms are related to psychosis?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#symptoms) - [What causes psychosis?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#causes) - [When should I see my doctor?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#doctor) - [How is the cause of psychosis diagnosed?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#diagnosed) - [How is psychosis treated?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#treated) - [Self-care at home](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#self-care) - [Medicine](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#medicine) - [Psychological therapy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#therapy) - [Community support programs](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#community-support) - [What are the complications of psychosis?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#complications) - [Can psychosis be prevented?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#prevented) - [Resources and support](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#resources) - [Related information on Australian websites](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#searchGeneralResults) ## What is psychosis? Psychosis is a syndrome that affects your brain. It disrupts your normal: - thinking - emotions - behaviour Psychosis can be very frightening. During a 'psychotic episode', you can't tell what is and what isn't real. You may have difficulty with the way you interpret the world around you. About 1 in every 200 adult Australians will have a psychotic illness each year. A first episode of psychosis is most likely to happen from your teens to mid-thirties. ## What symptoms are related to psychosis? If you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14. When you have a psychotic episode, you have difficulty interpreting the real world. You may act inappropriately, such as laughing at sad news or believing the television is talking to you. Usually, psychosis happens in 'episodes'. These can last anywhere from a few hours to a few months. This depends on the individual and the cause of their psychosis. Symptoms vary from person to person, and from episode to episode. ### Disordered thinking Disordered thinking is when your thoughts are jumbled. This can be confusing. If you have disordered thinking, you may notice that: - your thoughts and speech speed up or slow down - your sentences are hard to understand - you have difficulty remembering things ### Delusions [Delusions](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/delusions) are when you have illogical, unshakeable beliefs about yourself and the world. These beliefs may be unusual for someone else of the same cultural background. Delusions can take different forms, such as: - [paranoia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/paranoia) about being watched or singled out for harm - believing you have special powers, or are an important religious or political figure - believing you are guilty of a terrible crime or act or are going to do something terrible ### Hallucinations [Hallucinations](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hallucination) are when you see, hear, feel, smell or taste something that doesn't exist. Auditory (sound) hallucinations are most common. You may hear voices or other sounds that are not there. ### Disordered behaviour Disordered behaviour is when you act unusually, such as: - becoming agitated and upset suddenly - showing childlike behaviours - not responding to others or the environment - difficulty having conversations - feeling inactive or slower than usual You may also struggle to communicate how you are feeling. Disordered behaviour can make it hard to manage your day-to-day life, such as: - self-care, like [personal hygiene](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/personal-hygiene) - school - work ### Thoughts of self-harm or suicidal thoughts If you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14. In severe cases, someone with psychosis may be at risk of: - [self-harm](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/self-harm) - [suicide](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/warning-signs-of-suicide) - harming others ## What causes psychosis? The causes of psychosis are complex. It's thought to be caused by a mix of: - genetic factors - environmental factors - biochemical factors - physical factors It's likely that some people are more likely to get a psychotic illness. Certain things can trigger your first episode. Common triggers include: - [stress](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stress) or trauma - use of drugs such as [marijuana](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/marijuana), [speed](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/speed) and others - certain prescription medicines Some people are more likely to develop psychosis, such as those with: - mental illnesses such as [schizophrenia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/schizophrenia), [bipolar disorder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bipolar-disorder) or severe [depression](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression) - a family history of mental illnesses - a history of illegal drug use Some medical conditions have also been known to cause psychosis. These include: - [head injuries](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/head-injuries) - [epilepsy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/epilepsy) - [encephalitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/encephalitis), caused by infections such as [HIV and AIDS](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hiv-infection-and-aids), [malaria](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/malaria) and [syphilis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/syphilis) - autoimmune conditions such as [lupus](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lupus) and [multiple sclerosis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/multiple-sclerosis-ms) - endocrine conditions such as thyroid dysfunction - [brain tumours](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/brain-cancer) Some neurological conditions may lead to the development of psychosis, such as: - [Alzheimer's disease](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/alzheimers-disease) - [Lewy body dementia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lewy-body-dementias) - [Parkinson's disease](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/parkinsons-disease) - [stroke](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stroke) Large deficiencies of some [vitamins](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/vitamins-and-minerals) may lead to psychosis, such as: - folate (Vitamin B9) - vitamin B12 - vitamin B3 - vitamin B1 Research also shows that too much [dopamine](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dopamine) may be linked to psychosis. Dopamine is a chemical messenger in your brain. Having high levels of dopamine may interrupt the pathways in your brain responsible for: - memory - emotion - social behaviour - self-awareness - mobility and movement ## When should I see my doctor? If you are showing symptoms of psychosis, see a doctor. This can keep you and others from harm. You can also contact a [mental health crisis support team](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-crisis-support), such as at your local hospital. The best outcomes happen when psychosis is found and treated early. Your [doctor](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/talking-to-your-doctor-gp-about-mental-health) may refer you to a [psychologist or psychiatrist](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychiatrists-and-psychologists). Your healthcare provider can: - work to find the cause of your psychosis - tell you if it's likely to happen again - advise you on how to lower your chances of another psychotic episode - help you be aware of and manage your triggers and symptoms [FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — The Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) ## How is the cause of psychosis diagnosed? A [mental health professional](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-professionals) will complete an assessment which includes a: - mental health assessment - physical examination - neurological examination They may also ask to speak to a relative or close friend for more information. The purpose of these assessments is to find out: - if you have psychosis - what might be causing it, such as an underlying mental illness or physical health condition - your relevant family and medical history - the best course of treatment for you Different tests may be needed to work out the diagnosis. These tests may include: - [blood tests](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blood-testing) for electrolyte levels (minerals and salts), hormone levels or infections - drug testing to identify any drugs that could be causing the psychosis - [imaging scans](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/what-is-a-radiographer-what-is-a-radiologist) to check for abnormalities in the brain Your doctor or other health professional might also ask to watch you, at home or in hospital. ## How is psychosis treated? Treatments and support are available for psychosis. Treatments can help improve your symptoms and allow you to live a fulfilling life. Medicine, psychological therapy and community support can help improve symptoms. Treatment usually involves a combination of: - medicines - education about the illness (psychoeducation) - [psychotherapy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychotherapy) or [counselling](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/counsellors-and-counselling) - community support programs - family support - practical support ## Self-care at home If you have psychosis, there are things you can do to keep yourself safe. Learning to recognise signs of a psychotic episode is important so you know when to get help. Having a safe person who can help you recognise signs is important too. You can also: - [eat well](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/healthy-eating), [exercise regularly](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/exercise-and-mental-health) and make sure you get enough [sleep](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sleep) - plan times during your day to do something you enjoy - make sure that you rest — you can try [relaxation techniques](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief) - avoid using [drugs and alcohol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/drugs-and-alcohol) - learn ways to[cope with stress](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/resilience) - set yourself small tasks throughout your day to have a sense of achievement - keep track of your emotions — this helps you notice the impact of your emotions ## Medicine You may be prescribed [antipsychotic medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/antipsychotic-medicines). These medicines work by changing the chemicals in your brain, including dopamine. Antipsychotics usually take several weeks to reduce symptoms. But they may immediately produce a calming effect and help you get to sleep. Antipsychotic medicines may cause [side effects](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicine-and-side-effects). So, it's important to find the right medicine or combination of medicines for you. It's also important to take any other medicines as directed. Taking them incorrectly or mixing them with alcohol or other substances can increase your chance of psychosis. ## Psychological therapy There are several psychological treatments available to treat psychosis, depending on your needs. These include: - supportive psychotherapy - [cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cognitive-behaviour-therapy-cbt) - family therapy and peer support groups ## Community support programs [Mental health services](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-mental-health-services) can offer practical support such as: - stable accommodation - social support - [setting goals](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/goal-setting) for employment or education If you have long-term psychosis, you may benefit from rehabilitation. Many mental illnesses are best treated by a team of different health professionals working together, including: - psychiatrists - psychologists - [mental health nurses](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-nurses) - [occupational therapists](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/occupational-therapy) Treatment for illnesses that cause psychosis may last for several years. ## What are the complications of psychosis? The longer psychosis is untreated, the poorer the outcomes are. These may include: - slower [recovery](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-recovery) - impact on social and psychological development - poorer response to treatment and more chance of relapse Relapse may cause a higher chance of: - problems with work, study, and relationships - depression - suicide If the cause of psychosis is left untreated, other complications may arise. These may depend on the underlying condition. For example, psychosis caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency, can lead to [cognitive impairment](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cognitive-impairment). ## Can psychosis be prevented? Some causes of psychosis can't be prevented. If you have had psychosis in the past, you can reduce the chance of recurrence by: - practicing self-care - learning to recognise triggers - learning to recognise early symptoms Early treatment such as psychotherapy can help prevent psychosis if you are experiencing a decline in your mental health. ## Resources and support If you would like to find out more or talk to someone, here are some organisations that can help. [SANE Australia](https://www.sane.org/get-support/sane-support-services) provides information and support for people living with a mental illness and their loved ones. [Beyond Blue](https://www.beyondblue.org.au/) supports people with depression and anxiety, and their friends, family and colleagues. Call 1300 22 4636 or visit their website to chat online. [Black Dog Institute](https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/) has information and support for people affected by mood disorders. [Lifeline](https://www.lifeline.org.au/) helps anyone having a personal crisis. You can call 13 11 14 for crisis support or to chat online. The [Suicide Call Back Service](https://www.suicidecallbackservice.org.au/) gives assistance to anyone thinking about suicide. You can call 1300 659 467. You can read the [Mental Health First Aid Australia fact sheet](https://www.mhfa.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/MHFA_Psychosis-Guidelines.pdf) to help people with psychosis. For advice and to get connected to local mental health services, call [Medicare Mental Health](https://www.medicarementalhealth.gov.au/) on 1800 595 212. If you are a young person, you can visit a [headspace centre](https://headspace.org.au/headspace-centres/) without a referral. Headspace offers mental health services to 12 to 25-year-olds. Centres are located across Australia. You can also call the healthdirect helpline on [1800 022 222](tel:1800022222) (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. #### Sources: Mental Health First Aid Australia [(Psychosis Guidelines)](https://www.gvhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/1.-MHFA_psychosis_guidelines_A4_2020.pdf "Psychosis Guidelines"), Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [(Prevalence and impact of mental illness)](https://www.aihw.gov.au/mental-health/overview/prevalence-and-impact-of-mental-illness "Prevalence and impact of mental illness"), BMJ Best Practice [(Assessment of psychosis)](https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1066/aetiology "Assessment of psychosis"), Orygen [(Australian Clinical Guidelines for Early Psychosis)](https://www.orygen.org.au/Campus/Expert-Network/Resources/Free/Clinical-Practice/Australian-Clinical-Guidelines-for-Early-Psychosis/Australian-Clinical-Guidelines-for-Early-Psychosis.aspx?ext "Australian Clinical Guidelines for Early Psychosis"), Therapeutic Guidelines [(First episode of psychosis)](https://app.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Psychotropic&topicfile=first-episode-psychosis&guidelinename=Psychotropic&sectionId=toc_d1e461#toc_d1e461 "First episode of psychosis"), Therapeutic Guidelines [(People at risk of psychosis)](https://app.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Psychotropic&topicfile=people-at-risk-psychosis&guidelinename=Psychotropic&sectionId=toc_d1e80#toc_d1e80 "People at risk of psychosis"), MDPI Healthcare [(Dopamine, Psychosis, and Symptom Fluctuation: A Narrative Review (Novak & Seeman))](https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/9/1713 "Dopamine, Psychosis, and Symptom Fluctuation: A Narrative Review (Novak & Seeman)"), Molecular Psychiatry [(Cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry distinguishes psychosis spectrum disorders from differential diagnoses)](https://rest.neptune-prod.its.unimelb.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/fc942d4b-3515-5a26-b0b3-22cc4fab39d6/content "Cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry distinguishes psychosis spectrum disorders from differential diagnoses"), Epilepsia [(Interictal psychotic episodes in epilepsy: Duration and associated clinical factors)](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03438.x "Interictal psychotic episodes in epilepsy: Duration and associated clinical factors"), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre [(Psychosis + substance abuse)](https://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/ndarc/resources/NDARC_PYCHOSIS_FINAL.pdf "Psychosis + substance abuse"), Orygen [(Psychosis + young people)](https://www.orygen.org.au/Training/Resources/Psychosis/Fact-sheets/Psychosis-and-young-people/psychosis-yp-factsheet "Psychosis + young people"), Lifeline [(Psychotic illness)](https://www.lifeline.org.au/media/4wxprwlj/draft_ll-2pp-fact-sheet_psychotic-ilness-final.pdf "Psychotic illness") Learn more here about the [development and quality assurance of healthdirect content](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/about-our-content). Last reviewed: March 2025 [Back To Top](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#backToTop) ## Search our site for - [Schizophrenia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Schizophrenia "Search results for: Schizophrenia") - [Antipsychotics](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Antipsychotics "Search results for: Antipsychotics") - [Paranoia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Paranoia "Search results for: Paranoia") ## Need more information? These trusted information partners have more on this topic. General search results Results for medical professionals Top results [Postpartum psychosis Postpartum psychosis, a severe mental illness, can happen after you give birth. If you or your partner suspect postpartum psychosis, see a doctor. Read more on Pregnancy,Birth & Baby website ![Pregnancy,Birth & Baby](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/PBB_logo.png)](https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/postpartum-psychosis) [Psychosis - myDr.com.au When someone experiences psychosis they are unable to distinguish what is real. Symptoms include confused thinking, delusions and hallucinations. Read more on myDoctor website ![myDoctor](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/mydoctor-new_logo-1f39cc.png)](https://www.mydr.com.au/mental-health/psychosis/) [Cannabis & psychosis SANE Australia, the National Mental Health Charity Read more on SANE Australia website ![SANE Australia](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/sane-australia-logo-b817f1.png)](https://www.sane.org/information-and-resources/facts-and-guides/cannabis-and-psychotic-illness) [Psychosis Psychosis impacts a person's sense of what is real and what isn't. Learn what you need to know about psychosis symptoms, causes, and how to get help. Read more on SANE Australia website ![SANE Australia](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/sane-australia-logo-b817f1.png)](https://www.sane.org/information-and-resources/facts-and-guides/psychosis) [What is psychosis? \\| headspace Psychosis is an experience where a person has problems interpreting the world around them. They might see or hear things that other people can’t. Read more on headspace website ![headspace](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/headspace_fullcolourlogo-119565.png)](https://headspace.org.au/services/early-psychosis/learning-about-psychosis-young-people/) [Psychotic disorders \\| ReachOut Australia People with psychosis have trouble interpreting what's going on around them. They may have confused thoughts, false beliefs, delusions or hallucinations. Read more on ReachOut website ![ReachOut](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/reachout-new2024-logo-adfc1c.png)](https://au.reachout.com/mental-health-issues/psychotic-disorders) [Psychosis and other mental illnesses — TINO : Tune In Not Out People experiencing psychosis appear to have lost touch with everyone else's interpretation of what is going on around them. Read more on Tune In Not Out website ![Tune In Not Out](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/TINO_Logo.png)](https://tuneinnotout.com/mental-health/psychosis-and-other-mental-illnesses/) [Jumbled Thoughts and Psychosis - WellMob Drug abuse, serious mental illness or high stress can cause psychosis or jumbled thoughts. This may include where a person might hear voices or see things that others can’t. It is important to talk with elders and go to the doctor or hospital if you have hearing, seeing or thinking strange things. Read more on WellMob website ![WellMob](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/wellmob_logo-81b844.png)](https://wellmob.org.au/e-health-topics/mind/jumbled-thoughts-and-psychosis/) [Psychosis - Finding North If someone is struggling to tell what's real and what's not, or they're seeing or hearing things that aren’t really there, they may be experiencing psychosis. Read more on Finding North website ![Finding North](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/findingnorth-logo-71176b.png)](https://findingnorth.org.au/mental-health-wellness/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/psychosis/) [Psychosis \\| Lifeline Psychosis is a symptom of a complex mental health issue like seizures are a symptom of epilepsy. Learn more about psychosis and various terms related to it. Read more on Lifeline website ![Lifeline](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/Lifeline_logo.png)](https://www.lifeline.org.au/get-help/support-toolkit/topics/psychosis) Show more Top results [Psychosis: Early Warning Signs and Treatment Psychosis occurs when a person loses the capacity to distinguish reality from their imagination. Psychosis sometimes occurs alongside other mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. However, it’s worth noting that up to three-quarters of psychotic experiences do not progress to a diagnosable condition. Read more on Ausmed Education website ![Ausmed Education](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/ausmed-new-logo-872e67.png)](https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/psychosis) [Psychosis - Orygen, Revolution in Mind Our Skills & Knowledge Division concentrates on growing the capacity of Australia’s youth mental health workforce with an emphasis on accessible expertise and innovation. Read more on Orygen website ![Orygen](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/orygennew_logo-3964f3.png)](https://www.orygen.org.au/Training/Resources/Psychosis) Show more ## Disclaimer Healthdirect Australia is not responsible for the content and advertising on the external website you are now entering. [OK]() ## Search our site for - [Schizophrenia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Schizophrenia "Search results for: Schizophrenia") - [Antipsychotics](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Antipsychotics "Search results for: Antipsychotics") - [Paranoia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Paranoia "Search results for: Paranoia") ## Symptom checker Worried about your health? 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Readable Markdown	## Key facts - People with psychosis often can't tell what is and what isn't real. - You may hallucinate — hear voices that don't exist, or have false beliefs about yourself or the world. - Psychosis can be triggered by things like mental illness or drug use. - Depending on the cause of psychosis, treatment includes medicine and psychotherapy. - If you or someone close to you is experiencing psychosis, get urgent medical attention. ## On this page - [What is psychosis?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#what-is) - [What symptoms are related to psychosis?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#symptoms) - [What causes psychosis?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#causes) - [When should I see my doctor?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#doctor) - [How is the cause of psychosis diagnosed?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#diagnosed) - [How is psychosis treated?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#treated) - [Self-care at home](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#self-care) - [Medicine](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#medicine) - [Psychological therapy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#therapy) - [Community support programs](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#community-support) - [What are the complications of psychosis?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#complications) - [Can psychosis be prevented?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#prevented) - [Resources and support](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#resources) - [Related information on Australian websites](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis#searchGeneralResults) ## What is psychosis? Psychosis is a syndrome that affects your brain. It disrupts your normal: - thinking - emotions - behaviour Psychosis can be very frightening. During a 'psychotic episode', you can't tell what is and what isn't real. You may have difficulty with the way you interpret the world around you. About 1 in every 200 adult Australians will have a psychotic illness each year. A first episode of psychosis is most likely to happen from your teens to mid-thirties. ## What symptoms are related to psychosis? If you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14. When you have a psychotic episode, you have difficulty interpreting the real world. You may act inappropriately, such as laughing at sad news or believing the television is talking to you. Usually, psychosis happens in 'episodes'. These can last anywhere from a few hours to a few months. This depends on the individual and the cause of their psychosis. Symptoms vary from person to person, and from episode to episode. ### Disordered thinking Disordered thinking is when your thoughts are jumbled. This can be confusing. If you have disordered thinking, you may notice that: - your thoughts and speech speed up or slow down - your sentences are hard to understand - you have difficulty remembering things ### Delusions [Delusions](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/delusions) are when you have illogical, unshakeable beliefs about yourself and the world. These beliefs may be unusual for someone else of the same cultural background. Delusions can take different forms, such as: - [paranoia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/paranoia) about being watched or singled out for harm - believing you have special powers, or are an important religious or political figure - believing you are guilty of a terrible crime or act or are going to do something terrible ### Hallucinations [Hallucinations](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hallucination) are when you see, hear, feel, smell or taste something that doesn't exist. Auditory (sound) hallucinations are most common. You may hear voices or other sounds that are not there. ### Disordered behaviour Disordered behaviour is when you act unusually, such as: - becoming agitated and upset suddenly - showing childlike behaviours - not responding to others or the environment - difficulty having conversations - feeling inactive or slower than usual You may also struggle to communicate how you are feeling. Disordered behaviour can make it hard to manage your day-to-day life, such as: - self-care, like [personal hygiene](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/personal-hygiene) - school - work ### Thoughts of self-harm or suicidal thoughts If you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide and are in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14. In severe cases, someone with psychosis may be at risk of: - [self-harm](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/self-harm) - [suicide](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/warning-signs-of-suicide) - harming others ## What causes psychosis? The causes of psychosis are complex. It's thought to be caused by a mix of: - genetic factors - environmental factors - biochemical factors - physical factors It's likely that some people are more likely to get a psychotic illness. Certain things can trigger your first episode. Common triggers include: - [stress](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stress) or trauma - use of drugs such as [marijuana](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/marijuana), [speed](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/speed) and others - certain prescription medicines Some people are more likely to develop psychosis, such as those with: - mental illnesses such as [schizophrenia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/schizophrenia), [bipolar disorder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bipolar-disorder) or severe [depression](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression) - a family history of mental illnesses - a history of illegal drug use Some medical conditions have also been known to cause psychosis. These include: - [head injuries](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/head-injuries) - [epilepsy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/epilepsy) - [encephalitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/encephalitis), caused by infections such as [HIV and AIDS](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hiv-infection-and-aids), [malaria](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/malaria) and [syphilis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/syphilis) - autoimmune conditions such as [lupus](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lupus) and [multiple sclerosis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/multiple-sclerosis-ms) - endocrine conditions such as thyroid dysfunction - [brain tumours](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/brain-cancer) Some neurological conditions may lead to the development of psychosis, such as: - [Alzheimer's disease](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/alzheimers-disease) - [Lewy body dementia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lewy-body-dementias) - [Parkinson's disease](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/parkinsons-disease) - [stroke](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stroke) Large deficiencies of some [vitamins](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/vitamins-and-minerals) may lead to psychosis, such as: - folate (Vitamin B9) - vitamin B12 - vitamin B3 - vitamin B1 Research also shows that too much [dopamine](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dopamine) may be linked to psychosis. Dopamine is a chemical messenger in your brain. Having high levels of dopamine may interrupt the pathways in your brain responsible for: - memory - emotion - social behaviour - self-awareness - mobility and movement ## When should I see my doctor? If you are showing symptoms of psychosis, see a doctor. This can keep you and others from harm. You can also contact a [mental health crisis support team](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-crisis-support), such as at your local hospital. The best outcomes happen when psychosis is found and treated early. Your [doctor](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/talking-to-your-doctor-gp-about-mental-health) may refer you to a [psychologist or psychiatrist](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychiatrists-and-psychologists). Your healthcare provider can: - work to find the cause of your psychosis - tell you if it's likely to happen again - advise you on how to lower your chances of another psychotic episode - help you be aware of and manage your triggers and symptoms [FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — The Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) ## How is the cause of psychosis diagnosed? A [mental health professional](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-professionals) will complete an assessment which includes a: - mental health assessment - physical examination - neurological examination They may also ask to speak to a relative or close friend for more information. The purpose of these assessments is to find out: - if you have psychosis - what might be causing it, such as an underlying mental illness or physical health condition - your relevant family and medical history - the best course of treatment for you Different tests may be needed to work out the diagnosis. These tests may include: - [blood tests](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blood-testing) for electrolyte levels (minerals and salts), hormone levels or infections - drug testing to identify any drugs that could be causing the psychosis - [imaging scans](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/what-is-a-radiographer-what-is-a-radiologist) to check for abnormalities in the brain Your doctor or other health professional might also ask to watch you, at home or in hospital. ## How is psychosis treated? Treatments and support are available for psychosis. Treatments can help improve your symptoms and allow you to live a fulfilling life. Medicine, psychological therapy and community support can help improve symptoms. Treatment usually involves a combination of: - medicines - education about the illness (psychoeducation) - [psychotherapy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychotherapy) or [counselling](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/counsellors-and-counselling) - community support programs - family support - practical support ## Self-care at home If you have psychosis, there are things you can do to keep yourself safe. Learning to recognise signs of a psychotic episode is important so you know when to get help. Having a safe person who can help you recognise signs is important too. You can also: - [eat well](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/healthy-eating), [exercise regularly](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/exercise-and-mental-health) and make sure you get enough [sleep](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sleep) - plan times during your day to do something you enjoy - make sure that you rest — you can try [relaxation techniques](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief) - avoid using [drugs and alcohol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/drugs-and-alcohol) - learn ways to[cope with stress](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/resilience) - set yourself small tasks throughout your day to have a sense of achievement - keep track of your emotions — this helps you notice the impact of your emotions ## Medicine You may be prescribed [antipsychotic medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/antipsychotic-medicines). These medicines work by changing the chemicals in your brain, including dopamine. Antipsychotics usually take several weeks to reduce symptoms. But they may immediately produce a calming effect and help you get to sleep. Antipsychotic medicines may cause [side effects](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicine-and-side-effects). So, it's important to find the right medicine or combination of medicines for you. It's also important to take any other medicines as directed. Taking them incorrectly or mixing them with alcohol or other substances can increase your chance of psychosis. ## Psychological therapy There are several psychological treatments available to treat psychosis, depending on your needs. These include: - supportive psychotherapy - [cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cognitive-behaviour-therapy-cbt) - family therapy and peer support groups [Mental health services](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-mental-health-services) can offer practical support such as: - stable accommodation - social support - [setting goals](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/goal-setting) for employment or education If you have long-term psychosis, you may benefit from rehabilitation. Many mental illnesses are best treated by a team of different health professionals working together, including: - psychiatrists - psychologists - [mental health nurses](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-nurses) - [occupational therapists](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/occupational-therapy) Treatment for illnesses that cause psychosis may last for several years. ## What are the complications of psychosis? The longer psychosis is untreated, the poorer the outcomes are. These may include: - slower [recovery](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-recovery) - impact on social and psychological development - poorer response to treatment and more chance of relapse Relapse may cause a higher chance of: - problems with work, study, and relationships - depression - suicide If the cause of psychosis is left untreated, other complications may arise. These may depend on the underlying condition. For example, psychosis caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency, can lead to [cognitive impairment](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cognitive-impairment). ## Can psychosis be prevented? Some causes of psychosis can't be prevented. If you have had psychosis in the past, you can reduce the chance of recurrence by: - practicing self-care - learning to recognise triggers - learning to recognise early symptoms Early treatment such as psychotherapy can help prevent psychosis if you are experiencing a decline in your mental health. ## Resources and support If you would like to find out more or talk to someone, here are some organisations that can help. [SANE Australia](https://www.sane.org/get-support/sane-support-services) provides information and support for people living with a mental illness and their loved ones. [Beyond Blue](https://www.beyondblue.org.au/) supports people with depression and anxiety, and their friends, family and colleagues. Call 1300 22 4636 or visit their website to chat online. [Black Dog Institute](https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/) has information and support for people affected by mood disorders. [Lifeline](https://www.lifeline.org.au/) helps anyone having a personal crisis. You can call 13 11 14 for crisis support or to chat online. The [Suicide Call Back Service](https://www.suicidecallbackservice.org.au/) gives assistance to anyone thinking about suicide. You can call 1300 659 467. You can read the [Mental Health First Aid Australia fact sheet](https://www.mhfa.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/MHFA_Psychosis-Guidelines.pdf) to help people with psychosis. For advice and to get connected to local mental health services, call [Medicare Mental Health](https://www.medicarementalhealth.gov.au/) on 1800 595 212. If you are a young person, you can visit a [headspace centre](https://headspace.org.au/headspace-centres/) without a referral. Headspace offers mental health services to 12 to 25-year-olds. Centres are located across Australia. You can also call the healthdirect helpline on [1800 022 222](tel:1800022222) (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
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