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[](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/) Sign in - [Join](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/account/join) - [Sign in](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/account/signin) Menu # Healthdirect Free Australian health advice you can count on. Join Sign in Medical problem? Call 1800 022 222. 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To talk to someone now, call Beyond Blue on 1300 22 4636 or Lifeline on 13 11 14.** ## Key facts - Almost half the Australian population has experienced a mental health disorder at some time in their life. - There are multiple types of mental illness — each has different symptoms that may impact you differently. - If you're concerned that you might be experiencing a mental illness, see your doctor. - Seeking support is the first step to getting treatment and returning to good mental health. ## On this page - [What is mental illness?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#what-is) - [What are the types of mental illness?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#types) - [What are the symptoms of mental illness?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#symptoms) - [What causes mental illness?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#causes) - [When should I see my doctor?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#doctor) - [How is mental illness diagnosed?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#diagnosed) - [How is mental illness treated?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#treated) - [Can mental illness be prevented?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#prevented) - [Complications of mental illness](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#complications) - [Resources and support](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#resources) - [Related information on Australian websites](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#searchGeneralResults) ## What is mental illness? A mental illness is a health issue that can affect your thoughts, mood and behaviour. A mental health issue can affect the way you see and interact with the world around you. A mental illness can impact your ability to function in everyday life, such as: - at work - in relationships - when managing everyday tasks Some mental illnesses last for a short time. Other may last for your whole life. The impact that a mental illness has on your life depends on many things. A mental illness may be more disabling if: - it's severe - it's chronic (long-lasting) - you have more than one mental illness - you don't have much support or live in an [rural or remote area](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/rural-remote-mental-health) Almost 1 in 2 Australians will experience a mental health disorder at some time in their life. ## What are the types of mental illness? There are many different types of mental illness. Some of the main groups of mental health disorders are: - mood disorders (such as [depression](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression) or [bipolar disorder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bipolar-disorder)) - [anxiety disorders](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/anxiety) - [personality disorders](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/personality-disorders) - psychotic disorders (such as [schizophrenia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/schizophrenia)) - [eating disorders](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/eating-disorders) - trauma-related disorders (such as [post-traumatic stress disorder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd)) - [substance misuse disorders](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/Illicit-drug-use) ## What are the symptoms of mental illness? **If you, or someone you know, is having suicidal thoughts and is in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14.** Mental illness can change your thoughts, moods or behaviour. This can happen suddenly or over time and can impact people differently. Each type of mental illness causes different symptoms. Some common symptoms are: - excessive sadness, hopelessness or loneliness - being easily stressed, irritable or [angry](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/anger-management) - having [low self-esteem](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/self-esteem) - a loss of motivation and energy - reduced memory and ability to concentrate - changes to your appetite and [sleep patterns](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sleep) - having unusual or upsetting thoughts These symptoms can impact your life and lead to: - withdrawal from interests, friends and loved ones - not performing as well as usual at school or work - taking risks such as using [alcohol or drugs](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/drugs-and-alcohol) - a lack of personal hygiene and self-care - having difficulty completing other responsibilities Mental illness can increase your chance of having [suicidal thoughts](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/warning-signs-of-suicide). Some symptoms can be more specific to certain conditions. Here are some examples: - Excessive worry or panic may be a sign of an anxiety disorder. - A low mood for a longer period of time can be a sign of depression. - An ongoing feeling of hopelessness after childbirth could be a sign of [postnatal depression](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/postnatal-depression). - Excessive agitation or hearing voices could be a sign of [psychosis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis). - Extreme dieting, binge or overeating or excessive exercise may be a sign of an eating disorder or [body dysmorphic disorder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/body-dysmorphic-disorder). Symptoms can be very distressing for a person with mental illness, as well as for their loved ones. If you have a mental illness, symptoms may come and go throughout your life. [**CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS** — Use the **Symptom Checker** and find out if you need to seek medical help.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker) ## What causes mental illness? There are many interacting factors that can contribute to a mental illness. ### **Genetic factors** Many things that can affect your mental health are influenced by genetics. If you have a family member with a mental illness, you may have a higher chance of developing a mental illness. ### **Environmental factors** Your mental health can be affected by your: - childhood experiences - social group - culture - life experiences - lifestyle choices In both children and adults, the chance of developing a mental illness can increase with experiences of: - ongoing stress - abuse, neglect or [domestic violence](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/domestic-violence-and-abusive-relationships) - [bullying and harassment](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bullying-and-harassment) - trauma [Illicit drug use](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/Illicit-drug-use) can be associated with mental illness and can trigger certain symptoms like psychosis. ### Social factors Your mental health may be impacted by issues such as: - [social isolation](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/loneliness-isolation-mental-health) - [relationship breakdown](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/coping-with-divorce-or-breakup) - financial or work problems Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, asexual and other sexually or gender diverse ([LGBTIQA+](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lgbtiq-mental-health)) Australians may be at higher risk of mental illness. ### Physical health Your physical health plays a role in your mental health problems. Other health conditions can impact your everyday life. ## When should I see my doctor? If you have symptoms of a mental illness that impact your daily life it's important to get help. [Seeing your doctor](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/talking-to-your-doctor-gp-about-mental-health) is the first step to getting treated and returning to good mental health. [**FIND A HEALTH SERVICE** — The **Service Finder** can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) ## How is mental illness diagnosed? A doctor can help diagnose your mental illness. They will ask about your thoughts, mood and behaviours. A mental health diagnosis can help you understand your symptoms and work towards recovery. Let your doctor know if anything is worrying you — it can help them assess your mental health. If you are diagnosed with a mental health problem or illness, your doctor can develop a [mental health treatment plan](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-treatment-plan) for you. Your doctor can also refer you to a [mental health professional](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-professionals), such as a: - [psychologist or psychiatrist](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychiatrists-and-psychologists) - [counsellor](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/counsellors-and-counselling) - another [mental health service](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-mental-health-services) It's normal to feel nervous [talking to your doctor about your mental health](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/talking-to-your-doctor-gp-about-mental-health). It may help to bring a family member, carer or friend to your appointment. [Blood tests](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blood-testing) or brain scans are not needed to confirm a mental illness. Your doctor may suggest these tests, as the results can help rule out other causes for your symptoms. [**ASK YOUR DOCTOR** — Preparing for an appointment? Use the **Question Builder** for general tips on what to ask your GP or specialist.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/question-builder) ## How is mental illness treated? There are many treatment options for mental illnesses. Most people with [mental illness recover](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-recovery) and live productive and full lives. You can read more about [recovery and mental health](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-recovery). Your best treatment will depend on: - the type of mental illness you have - how severe your symptoms are - your medical history A good first step is to talk to someone, such as your partner, friend or a family member. They can support you through your recovery. ### Psychological therapy There are many different types of therapy to help manage mental illness. These include: - [cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cognitive-behaviour-therapy-cbt) - mindfulness-based cognitive therapy - [dialectical behaviour therapy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dialectical-behaviour-therapy-dbt) - interpersonal therapy - supportive psychotherapy - acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) - psychodynamic psychotherapy You can engage with therapy: - on your own - in a group - with your partner or family members Therapy can be done in person, over the phone or online. You can read more about types of [psychotherapy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychotherapy). ### Medicines Medicines can be used to treat mental illness. [Antidepressants](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/antidepressants) are used for conditions like [anxiety](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/anxiety) or depression. [Antipsychotic medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/antipsychotic-medicines) and mood stabilisers may be used for psychosis. A doctor or psychiatrist can tell you which treatments may be suitable for you. ### Lifestyle measures Healthy habits and lifestyle measures are important to help manage mental illness and avoid unhealthy coping mechanisms. You can: - [exercise](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/exercise-and-mental-health) to help ease or prevent anxiety and depression - eat a [healthy diet](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/healthy-eating) - ensure you are getting enough [sleep](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sleep) each night - avoid [illicit drugs and alcohol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/drugs-and-alcohol) - take time to do things you enjoy - try to surround yourself with good social support ### Daily actions to improve your mental health Research from MindSpot has shown that regularly performing [five simple daily actions](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/good-mental-health#daily) can improve your mental health. ### Complementary therapies If you have a mental illness, you may want to try [complementary therapies](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/complementary-therapy) like [meditation](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/meditation), yoga and [relaxation](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief) strategies for stress relief. Sometimes, these techniques may be part of psychosocial therapy. ### Support programs There are many different [mental health services in Australia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-mental-health-services). These include programs in your community. They can help with practical aspects of life, such as: - employment - education and training - accommodation They can be helpful if you have a long-term mental illness. You can ask your doctor about local services. ### Hospital treatment It may be necessary for you to be treated in hospital. This may happen if you are struggling to take care of yourself or if you are at risk of harming yourself or others. ## Can mental illness be prevented? You can help maintain good mental health by: - following [healthy habits](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/creating-healthy-habits), eating well and exercising - allowing yourself time to rest and relax - seeking mental health support when you need it - practicing healthy coping mechanisms and [building resilience](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/resilience#strategies) - building [healthy relationships](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/building-and-maintaining-healthy-relationships) family, friends and your community ## Complications of mental illness **If you, or someone you know, is having suicidal thoughts and is in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14.** People with mental illness may experience [stigma](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness-stigma) and discrimination, which can impact their recovery. Your loved ones can help support and advocate for you. Having a mental illness may place you at a higher risk of [suicide](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/warning-signs-of-suicide). ## Resources and support If you need support in a language other than English, visit the [Embrace Multicultural Mental Health](https://embracementalhealth.org.au/) website. ### ## Where to get help Telephone or online mental health resources can often be effective, especially if you aren't able to access a health service or find talking to someone face-to-face difficult. Here are some telephone and online resources to try: - [Medicare Mental Health](https://www.medicarementalhealth.gov.au/) — for advice and to connect to local mental health services, call 1800 595 212. Check the [operating times](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services/healthcare-service/virtual/head-to-health-phone-service/mental-health-information-and-referral/bbad2627-ad81-49ae-9917-f5f0faf1be2e). - [SANE Australia](https://www.sane.org/) — for people living with a mental illness, call 1800 18 7263. - [Beyond Blue](https://www.beyondblue.org.au/) — for anyone feeling depressed or anxious, call 1300 22 4636 or chat online. - [Black Dog Institute](https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/) — online help for people affected by mood disorders. - [Lifeline](https://www.lifeline.org.au/) — for anyone having a personal crisis, call 13 11 14 or chat online. - [Suicide Call Back Service](https://www.suicidecallbackservice.org.au/) — for anyone thinking about suicide, call 1300 659 467. - [Qlife](https://qlife.org.au/) — for those experiencing mental health issues related to their sexuality or gender identity (LGBTIQA+), call 1800 184 527 or chat online. - [13YARN](https://www.13yarn.org.au/) — for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples experiencing mental health issues, call 13 92 76. You can also call the healthdirect helpline on [1800 022 222](tel:1800022222) (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. #### Sources: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) *[(Mental health)](https://www.aihw.gov.au/mental-health/topic-areas/summary "Mental health")*, Medicare Mental Health *[(Mental health conditions and disorders)](https://www.medicarementalhealth.gov.au/mental-health-conditions-and-disorders "Mental health conditions and disorders")*, Australian Bureau of Statistics *[(National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing)](https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/mental-health/national-study-mental-health-and-wellbeing/latest-release "National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing")*, Headspace *[(What are mental health difficulties and when to seek help)](https://headspace.org.au/explore-topics/for-young-people/mental-health-difficulties/ "What are mental health difficulties and when to seek help")*, Therapeutic Guidelines *[(Overview of anxiety and associated disorders)](https://app.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Psychotropic&topicfile=overview-anxiety-disorders&guidelinename=Psychotropic&sectionId=toc_d1e47#toc_d1e47 "Overview of anxiety and associated disorders")*, Perinatal Anxiety & Depression Australia *[(Postnatal depression: Signs and symptoms)](https://www.panda.org.au/articles/postnatal-depression-signs-and-symptoms "Postnatal depression: Signs and symptoms")*, Australian Psychological Society *[(Evidence-based Psychological Intervention in the Treatment of Mental Disorders)](https://psychology.org.au/getmedia/23c6a11b-2600-4e19-9a1d-6ff9c2f26fae/evidence-based-psych-interventions.pdf "Evidence-based Psychological Intervention in the Treatment of Mental Disorders")*, Journal of Affective Disorders *[(An open trial of the Things You Do Questionnaire: Changes in daily actions during internet-delivered treatment for depressive and anxiety symptoms (Bisby et al))](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36863469/ "An open trial of the Things You Do Questionnaire: Changes in daily actions during internet-delivered treatment for depressive and anxiety symptoms (Bisby et al)")*, Australian Human Rights Commission *[(Understanding mental illness)](https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/2-understanding-mental-illness "Understanding mental illness")*, Therapeutic Guidelines *[(Overview of depressive disorders)](https://app.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Psychotropic&topicfile=overview-depressive-disorders&guidelinename=Psychotropic&sectionId=toc_d1e47#toc_d1e47 "Overview of depressive disorders")*, Therapeutic Guidelines *[(Anorexia nervosa)](https://app.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Psychotropic&topicfile=anorexia-nervosa&guidelinename=Psychotropic&sectionId=toc_d1e47#toc_d1e47 "Anorexia nervosa")*, General Practice Mental Health Standards Collaboration *[(Australian Clinical Guidelines for Early Psychosis)](https://gpmhsc.org.au/getattachment/1f6e54a1-d269-4eca-be63-a5999bfe79ac/australian-clinical-guidelines-for-early-psychosis-second-edition.pdf "Australian Clinical Guidelines for Early Psychosis")*, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare *[(Mental health and substance use)](https://www.aihw.gov.au/mental-health/snapshots/mental-illness-and-substance-use "Mental health and substance use")*, NSW Health *[(Mental Health Services in our Hospitals)](https://slhd.health.nsw.gov.au/mental-health/hospital-admission "Mental Health Services in our Hospitals")* Learn more here about the [development and quality assurance of healthdirect content](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/about-our-content). Last reviewed: July 2025 [Back To Top](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#backToTop) ## Related pages - [How to talk about your mental health concerns](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-to-talk-about-your-mental-health-concerns "How to talk about your mental health concerns") - [Mental illness stigma](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness-stigma "Mental illness stigma") - [Signs of mental health issues](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/signs-of-mental-health-issues "Signs of mental health issues") - [Supporting someone with a mental illness](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/supporting-someone-with-a-mental-illness "Supporting someone with a mental illness") ## Search our site for - [Anxiety](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Anxiety "Search results for: Anxiety") - [Depression](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Depression "Search results for: Depression") - [Mental health](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Mental%20health "Search results for: Mental health") - [Mental Health Services](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Mental%20Health%20Services "Search results for: Mental Health Services") - [Psychiatrists](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Psychiatrists "Search results for: Psychiatrists") - [Psychiatric Emergency Services](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Psychiatric%20Emergency%20Services "Search results for: Psychiatric Emergency Services") - [Mental Health Nurses](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Mental%20Health%20Nurses "Search results for: Mental Health Nurses") - [Self Harm](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Self%20Harm "Search results for: Self Harm") - [Online Therapy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Online%20Therapy "Search results for: Online Therapy") ## Need more information? These trusted information partners have more on this topic. General search results Results for medical professionals Top results [What is Mental Health & Mental Illness \| headspace What is mental health? Understand the signs of mental health difficulties and learn about the affects of mental health and how you can get help from headspace. *Read more on headspace website* ](https://headspace.org.au/explore-topics/for-young-people/mental-health-difficulties/) [Diabetes & mental illness SANE Australia, the National Mental Health Charity *Read more on SANE Australia website* ](https://www.sane.org/information-and-resources/facts-and-guides/diabetes-and-mental-illness) [Stigma, discrimination and mental illness \| Better Health Channel Stigma is when someone sees you in a negative way because of a particular characteristic or attribute, such as mental health condition. *Read more on Better Health Channel website* ](https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/servicesandsupport/stigma-discrimination-and-mental-illness) [Why does my parent have a mental illness? - COPMI About the causes of mental illness, and what to do if you're worried you may have a mental illness or mental health problems. *Read more on COPMI website* ](https://www.copmi.net.au/kids-young-people/what-causes-mental-illness/) [Navigating mental health services \| Medicare Mental Health There are many different types of mental health services and support. It's helpful to know what's available to make an informed choice. *Read more on Medicare Mental Health website* ](https://www.medicarementalhealth.gov.au/finding-help/navigating-mental-health-services) [Access to free and immediate support for mental illness \| Mind Australia New Mental Health & Wellbeing Hubs are now operating across Victoria, making it easier for Victorians to access free and immediate support for mental illness.The hubs provide Victorians with easier access to mental health support as they continue to navigate through the impacts of the pandemic.The hubs provide a mix of free face-to-face support, telehealth, mobile outreach and online delivery services.What do the hubs do?The Mental Health & Wellbeing Hubs are available to Victorians of all ages who have any mental health or wellbeing concerns. *Read more on Mind Australia website* ](https://www.mindaustralia.org.au/access-free-and-immediate-support-mental-illness) [Mental Health Podcasts - Black Dog Institute \| Better Mental Health Podcasts developed and produced by the Black Dog Institute to provide varied insights into mental health experiences and current affairs. *Read more on Black Dog Institute website* ](https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/education-services/podcasts/) [Accessing mental health services in Australia \| Medicare Mental Health Reaching out for help can be daunting. Here you can explore your options and learn how to find and access the support that’s right for you. *Read more on Medicare Mental Health website* ](https://www.medicarementalhealth.gov.au/finding-help/accessing-mental-health-services) [Supporting your patients with digital mental health \| Medicare Mental Health Medicare Mental Health is here to make it easier for GPs and other health professionals to support the mental health of the people they look after. *Read more on Medicare Mental Health website* ](https://www.medicarementalhealth.gov.au/for-health-professionals) [Mental health - Exercise Right Exercise is one of the best ways to support mental health. It can boost your mood, reduce stress and anxiety, and support overall wellbeing. *Read more on ESSA website* ](https://exerciseright.com.au/mental-health/) Show more Top results [RACGP - Mental health Mental health is a vital component of an individual’s overall health and welfare, and has a strong effect on physical health *Read more on RACGP website* ](https://www.racgp.org.au/clinical-resources/clinical-guidelines/key-racgp-guidelines/view-all-racgp-guidelines/silver-book/part-a/mental-health) [Housing, Homelessness and Mental Health \| National Mental Health Commission The safety, stability and security that comes from having a home is fundamental to optimal mental health and to leading a contributing life. The intersection between homelessness and mental ill health is a key concern for the Commission. *Read more on National Mental Health Commission website* ](https://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au/lived-experience/contributing-lives,-thriving-communities/housing-homelessness-and-mental-health) [National Children’s Mental Health and Wellbeing Strategy \| National Mental Health Commission The Australian Government’s commitment to a national approach to mental health and suicide prevention could not be achieved without ensuring the mental health and wellbeing needs of our children. *Read more on National Mental Health Commission website* ](https://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au/projects/childrens-strategy) [Predicting Perinatal Mental Health Issues The term perinatal mental health issues refers to any mental health problems that affect a new or expecting parent’s mood, behaviour, wellbeing and/or daily functioning. Overall, in Australia, perinatal mental illness affects up to 1 in 5 expecting or new mothers and 1 in 10 expecting or new fathers. *Read more on Ausmed Education website* ](https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/predicting-perinatal-depression) [Lived Experience \| National Mental Health Commission It’s through listening to those providing services, those who fund services, and most importantly, those who use services that we will find the information we need to move towards the mental health system Australia needs. Every person’s story we hear, every experience shared, helps to develop our understanding of the system that’s required to best meet the needs of Australians living with mental ill health and their carers. *Read more on National Mental Health Commission website* ](https://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au/lived-experience) [Vision 2030 \| National Mental Health Commission Vision 2030 shapes a national direction for mental health and wellbeing in Australia. *Read more on National Mental Health Commission website* ](https://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au/projects/vision-2030) [Mental Health Nursing: a Profession in Demand A mental health nurse is a nurse who specialises in caring for people who are experiencing mental illness or distress or who are recovering from trauma. They may care for people with conditions such as depression, perinatal mental health conditions, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders and psychosis. *Read more on Ausmed Education website* ](https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/mental-health-nursing) [Consumer and Carers \| National Mental Health Commission The Commission is strongly committed to improving engagement and participation of people with lived experience, their families and other support people. *Read more on National Mental Health Commission website* ](https://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au/lived-experience/consumer-and-carers) [Mentally Healthy Workplaces \| National Mental Health Commission Find out how the Commission is working towards a nationally consistent approach to workplace mental health. *Read more on National Mental Health Commission website* ](https://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au/projects/mentally-healthy-work) [CCI - Mental Health Resources for Clinicians - Overview Resources for mental health practitioners that may be useful in the delivery of mental health services to consumers. The resources include brief information sheets, commonly used to worksheets, sets of modules to guide interventions and therapist manuals for delivering group interventions. The materials were developed by clinical psychologists at the Centre for Clinical Interventions in Perth, Western Australia. *Read more on Centre for Clinical Interventions website* ](https://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/Resources/For-Clinicians) Show more ## Disclaimer Healthdirect Australia is not responsible for the content and advertising on the external website you are now entering. 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## Key facts - Almost half the Australian population has experienced a mental health disorder at some time in their life. - There are multiple types of mental illness — each has different symptoms that may impact you differently. - If you're concerned that you might be experiencing a mental illness, see your doctor. - Seeking support is the first step to getting treatment and returning to good mental health. ## On this page - [What is mental illness?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#what-is) - [What are the types of mental illness?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#types) - [What are the symptoms of mental illness?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#symptoms) - [What causes mental illness?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#causes) - [When should I see my doctor?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#doctor) - [How is mental illness diagnosed?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#diagnosed) - [How is mental illness treated?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#treated) - [Can mental illness be prevented?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#prevented) - [Complications of mental illness](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#complications) - [Resources and support](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#resources) - [Related information on Australian websites](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness#searchGeneralResults) ## What is mental illness? A mental illness is a health issue that can affect your thoughts, mood and behaviour. A mental health issue can affect the way you see and interact with the world around you. A mental illness can impact your ability to function in everyday life, such as: - at work - in relationships - when managing everyday tasks Some mental illnesses last for a short time. Other may last for your whole life. The impact that a mental illness has on your life depends on many things. A mental illness may be more disabling if: - it's severe - it's chronic (long-lasting) - you have more than one mental illness - you don't have much support or live in an [rural or remote area](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/rural-remote-mental-health) Almost 1 in 2 Australians will experience a mental health disorder at some time in their life. ## What are the types of mental illness? There are many different types of mental illness. Some of the main groups of mental health disorders are: - mood disorders (such as [depression](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression) or [bipolar disorder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bipolar-disorder)) - [anxiety disorders](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/anxiety) - [personality disorders](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/personality-disorders) - psychotic disorders (such as [schizophrenia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/schizophrenia)) - [eating disorders](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/eating-disorders) - trauma-related disorders (such as [post-traumatic stress disorder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd)) - [substance misuse disorders](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/Illicit-drug-use) ## What are the symptoms of mental illness? Mental illness can change your thoughts, moods or behaviour. This can happen suddenly or over time and can impact people differently. Each type of mental illness causes different symptoms. Some common symptoms are: - excessive sadness, hopelessness or loneliness - being easily stressed, irritable or [angry](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/anger-management) - having [low self-esteem](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/self-esteem) - a loss of motivation and energy - reduced memory and ability to concentrate - changes to your appetite and [sleep patterns](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sleep) - having unusual or upsetting thoughts These symptoms can impact your life and lead to: - withdrawal from interests, friends and loved ones - not performing as well as usual at school or work - taking risks such as using [alcohol or drugs](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/drugs-and-alcohol) - a lack of personal hygiene and self-care - having difficulty completing other responsibilities Mental illness can increase your chance of having [suicidal thoughts](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/warning-signs-of-suicide). Some symptoms can be more specific to certain conditions. Here are some examples: - Excessive worry or panic may be a sign of an anxiety disorder. - A low mood for a longer period of time can be a sign of depression. - An ongoing feeling of hopelessness after childbirth could be a sign of [postnatal depression](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/postnatal-depression). - Excessive agitation or hearing voices could be a sign of [psychosis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychosis). - Extreme dieting, binge or overeating or excessive exercise may be a sign of an eating disorder or [body dysmorphic disorder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/body-dysmorphic-disorder). Symptoms can be very distressing for a person with mental illness, as well as for their loved ones. If you have a mental illness, symptoms may come and go throughout your life. [**CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS** — Use the **Symptom Checker** and find out if you need to seek medical help.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker) ## What causes mental illness? There are many interacting factors that can contribute to a mental illness. ### **Genetic factors** Many things that can affect your mental health are influenced by genetics. If you have a family member with a mental illness, you may have a higher chance of developing a mental illness. ### **Environmental factors** Your mental health can be affected by your: - childhood experiences - social group - culture - life experiences - lifestyle choices In both children and adults, the chance of developing a mental illness can increase with experiences of: - ongoing stress - abuse, neglect or [domestic violence](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/domestic-violence-and-abusive-relationships) - [bullying and harassment](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bullying-and-harassment) - trauma [Illicit drug use](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/Illicit-drug-use) can be associated with mental illness and can trigger certain symptoms like psychosis. ### Social factors Your mental health may be impacted by issues such as: - [social isolation](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/loneliness-isolation-mental-health) - [relationship breakdown](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/coping-with-divorce-or-breakup) - financial or work problems Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, asexual and other sexually or gender diverse ([LGBTIQA+](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lgbtiq-mental-health)) Australians may be at higher risk of mental illness. ### Physical health Your physical health plays a role in your mental health problems. Other health conditions can impact your everyday life. ## When should I see my doctor? If you have symptoms of a mental illness that impact your daily life it's important to get help. [Seeing your doctor](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/talking-to-your-doctor-gp-about-mental-health) is the first step to getting treated and returning to good mental health. [**FIND A HEALTH SERVICE** — The **Service Finder** can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) ## How is mental illness diagnosed? A doctor can help diagnose your mental illness. They will ask about your thoughts, mood and behaviours. A mental health diagnosis can help you understand your symptoms and work towards recovery. Let your doctor know if anything is worrying you — it can help them assess your mental health. If you are diagnosed with a mental health problem or illness, your doctor can develop a [mental health treatment plan](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-treatment-plan) for you. Your doctor can also refer you to a [mental health professional](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-professionals), such as a: - [psychologist or psychiatrist](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychiatrists-and-psychologists) - [counsellor](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/counsellors-and-counselling) - another [mental health service](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-mental-health-services) It's normal to feel nervous [talking to your doctor about your mental health](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/talking-to-your-doctor-gp-about-mental-health). It may help to bring a family member, carer or friend to your appointment. [Blood tests](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blood-testing) or brain scans are not needed to confirm a mental illness. Your doctor may suggest these tests, as the results can help rule out other causes for your symptoms. [**ASK YOUR DOCTOR** — Preparing for an appointment? Use the **Question Builder** for general tips on what to ask your GP or specialist.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/question-builder) ## How is mental illness treated? There are many treatment options for mental illnesses. Most people with [mental illness recover](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-recovery) and live productive and full lives. You can read more about [recovery and mental health](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-recovery). Your best treatment will depend on: - the type of mental illness you have - how severe your symptoms are - your medical history A good first step is to talk to someone, such as your partner, friend or a family member. They can support you through your recovery. ### Psychological therapy There are many different types of therapy to help manage mental illness. These include: - [cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cognitive-behaviour-therapy-cbt) - mindfulness-based cognitive therapy - [dialectical behaviour therapy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dialectical-behaviour-therapy-dbt) - interpersonal therapy - supportive psychotherapy - acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) - psychodynamic psychotherapy You can engage with therapy: - on your own - in a group - with your partner or family members Therapy can be done in person, over the phone or online. You can read more about types of [psychotherapy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychotherapy). ### Medicines Medicines can be used to treat mental illness. [Antidepressants](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/antidepressants) are used for conditions like [anxiety](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/anxiety) or depression. [Antipsychotic medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/antipsychotic-medicines) and mood stabilisers may be used for psychosis. A doctor or psychiatrist can tell you which treatments may be suitable for you. ### Lifestyle measures Healthy habits and lifestyle measures are important to help manage mental illness and avoid unhealthy coping mechanisms. You can: - [exercise](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/exercise-and-mental-health) to help ease or prevent anxiety and depression - eat a [healthy diet](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/healthy-eating) - ensure you are getting enough [sleep](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sleep) each night - avoid [illicit drugs and alcohol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/drugs-and-alcohol) - take time to do things you enjoy - try to surround yourself with good social support ### Complementary therapies If you have a mental illness, you may want to try [complementary therapies](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/complementary-therapy) like [meditation](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/meditation), yoga and [relaxation](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief) strategies for stress relief. Sometimes, these techniques may be part of psychosocial therapy. ### Support programs There are many different [mental health services in Australia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-mental-health-services). These include programs in your community. They can help with practical aspects of life, such as: - employment - education and training - accommodation They can be helpful if you have a long-term mental illness. You can ask your doctor about local services. ### Hospital treatment It may be necessary for you to be treated in hospital. This may happen if you are struggling to take care of yourself or if you are at risk of harming yourself or others. ## Can mental illness be prevented? You can help maintain good mental health by: - following [healthy habits](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/creating-healthy-habits), eating well and exercising - allowing yourself time to rest and relax - seeking mental health support when you need it - practicing healthy coping mechanisms and [building resilience](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/resilience#strategies) - building [healthy relationships](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/building-and-maintaining-healthy-relationships) family, friends and your community ## Complications of mental illness People with mental illness may experience [stigma](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness-stigma) and discrimination, which can impact their recovery. Your loved ones can help support and advocate for you. Having a mental illness may place you at a higher risk of [suicide](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/warning-signs-of-suicide). ## Resources and support If you need support in a language other than English, visit the [Embrace Multicultural Mental Health](https://embracementalhealth.org.au/) website. You can also call the healthdirect helpline on [1800 022 222](tel:1800022222) (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.