🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 187 (from laksa110)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa187.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches","crawl_time":1775027414,"first_indexed_time":1476830060,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"au,gov,healthdirect!www,\/headaches s443","src_root_hash":"11476440364350543187","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Headaches - types, causes, migraines, treatment and prevention | healthdirect","meta_descriptions":["Headache is a common health complaint and most headaches are not serious. Learn about the different types of headaches and pain relief options."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Key facts\nHeadaches are common and usually not concerning, but sometimes they can be caused by a serious illness.\nThere are many types of headaches, such as tension, migraine and cluster headache with different causes.\nA headache diary can help you and your doctor find patterns and triggers for your headaches.\nMost people can manage headaches by avoiding triggers and taking pain relief medicines, but some types of headaches respond to other treatments.\nSee your doctor if your headaches interfere with your daily activities, are getting worse or changing in any way.\nOn this page\nWhat is a headache?\nWhat symptoms are related to headaches?\nWhat causes headaches?\nHow is the cause of a headache diagnosed?\nWhen should I see my doctor?\nHow are headaches treated?\nWhat are the complications of headaches?\nCan headaches be prevented?\nResources and support\nRelated information on Australian websites\nWhat is a headache?\nA headache is pain experienced in any part of your head. It is a common condition, and most people will have at least one in their lifetime. Headaches can affect males and females of any age.\nIn most cases, a headache is unpleasant but not a cause for concern. Sometimes it can be a symptom of a serious illness.\nThere are many different types and causes of headache. You may need to see a doctor to work out what type of headache you have.\nWhat symptoms are related to headaches?\nThere are many different types of headaches, and they can feel quite different to each other. Here are symptoms of some common types.\nTension-type headache\nTension-type headache\nis one of the most common forms of headache. The pain is usually on both sides of your head and feels dull or tight. It can last between 30 minutes and 7 days.\nMigraine\nMigraine\nis when you have a headache, as well as other symptoms such as:\nnausea\nvomiting\nsensitivity to light or noise\nMigraines usually happen more than once. The pain is usually throbbing, you feel it on one side of your head, and can last hours or days.\nSome people experience other symptoms before or during a migraine attack such as:\nvisual aura (flashes of light, blind spots, or seeing 'zig zag' patterns)\nchanges in vision\nproblems with speech\n'\npins and needles\n' (a numb, tingling feeling) in your arms and legs\nCluster headache\nCluster headaches\nare a rare type of headache that has intense pain as a core symptom. They generally occur in groups or 'clusters' of attacks. The pain is usually behind one eye and feels stabbing or burning. You might also have:\na\nrunny nose\na red eye with\nwatery discharge\na droopy or swollen eyelid\nCluster headaches can last up to 3 hours and may happen a few times a day.\nSinus headache\nSinus problems\ncan cause headache from pressure in your forehead or cheekbones, on one side or both sides of your face. These areas might feel sore if you press on them or bend forward.\nYou may also have symptoms of a sinus infection such as:\nsore teeth\na blocked or runny nose\na\ncough\nAlcohol headache\nHeadaches due to\ndrinking alcohol\ncause throbbing pain that gets worse with exercise.\nDehydration headache\nHeadaches due to\ndehydration\ncause pain all over your head.\nAltitude headache\nAltitude headaches are an intense, throbbing pain that is all over your head or in your forehead. It is also known as 'mountain sickness', but can happen with any change of altitude, for example with air travel or scuba diving.\nMountain climbing\ncan cause pain all over your head that gets worse with exercise. Diving can cause headache with dizziness, trouble breathing or confusion. Flying in a plane can cause pain in one side of your forehead.\nSleep apnoea headache\nSleep apnoea\ncan cause headaches when you wake up in the morning. You usually feel a sleep apnoea headache on both sides of your head and on most days of the week.\nCHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS\n— Use the\nSymptom Checker\nand find out if you need to seek medical help.\nWhat causes headaches?\nHeadaches can be\nprimary\n(when they happen on their own, and not as a result of another health problem) or\nsecondary\n(resulting from another health problem).\nPrimary headaches\nSometimes primary headaches can be triggered by your diet, such as:\nalcohol\n, especially red wine\ncertain foods, such as cheese, citrus fruits, processed meats and foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG)\nlarge amounts of\ncaffeine\nskipping meals, especially breakfast\nnot drinking enough water\nOther common triggers include:\ntoo much or too little\nsleep\nbad posture\nstress\n(or relaxing after stress)\ntoo much screen use\nbright lights, strong smells or loud noises\nsexual intercourse\nhormonal\nchanges (in females)\nSecondary headaches\nCommon causes of secondary headaches include:\nacute or chronic sinus infections\neye strain\ndental problems\nmiddle ear infections\nside effects\nof some medicines\nsubstance withdrawal\n(\nalcohol\n, caffeine and some medicines)\ndehydration\nPotentially serious health problems that can cause secondary headaches include:\naneurysms\nhigh blood pressure\ninside your skull\nglaucoma\nbrain tumours\nhead injuries\nmeningitis\nstroke\nHow is the cause of a headache diagnosed?\nYour doctor can often diagnose your headache type by talking to you about your symptoms and examining you.\nIt's helpful to keep a headache diary in the weeks leading up to your appointment. It can help you track when you get headaches, how often, and what might trigger them. You can find diaries and apps to record your headaches on the\nMigraine and Headache Australia\nwebsite.\nYour diary should record:\nthe number of days you have a headache\nhow severe your headache is\nany other symptoms associated with your headache\nany potential triggers\nIt is important you let your doctor know how your headache affects your daily activities and the impact it has on your family, work and activities.\nIn most cases, there's no need for tests to diagnose headaches. If your doctor thinks there might be another health problem causing your headaches, they may ask you to have:\nan\neye check\nwith your optometrist\nblood tests\na\nCT\nor\nMRI\nscan of your head\na\nlumbar puncture\nYour doctor may refer you to a\nneurologist\n— a specialist doctor who diagnoses and treats conditions of the brain, spinal cord and nerves.\nWhen should I see my doctor?\nYou should see your doctor if your headaches occur frequently and prevent you from doing the things you normally can do. You should also see your doctor if you take pain medicine for headaches often during a week.\nIf you have already been diagnosed with a certain type of headache, see your doctor again if your headaches become different or more severe.\nYou should see your doctor as soon as possible if you have any new type of headache and have:\ncancer\na weakened\nimmune system\na\nfamily history\nof\nglaucoma\nWhen to seek urgent care\nIn some cases, headaches can be a symptom of something more serious. See your doctor as soon as possible if you have a:\nsevere headache that begins suddenly\nheadache that gets progressively worse over the course of several weeks\nmorning headache with nausea that doesn't go away\nheadache that starts after an injury to your head\nheadache that wakes you up when you're asleep\nheadache that gets worse when you are lying down\nheadache that starts when you cough\nIf you are pregnant and have a headache that begins suddenly or is different to your past headaches, speak to your doctor.\nGo immediately to your nearest hospital emergency department if you have a headache with:\nfever and vomiting\nconfusion or a change in personality\nneck stiffness\nblurred or double vision\nloss of balance\na\nseizure\nFIND A HEALTH SERVICE\n— The\nService Finder\ncan help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.\nHow are headaches treated?\nWhile there is no complete cure for a headache, there are helpful treatment options available to reduce the pain. If your headache is caused by a particular trigger, try to remove that trigger from your environment.\nSelf-care at home\nIf your headaches are mild and don't happen often, it may help to try:\nlying down in a dark, quiet room\nsleeping\nplacing a cold or warm cloth on the back of your neck or on your forehead\ntaking a walk outside in fresh air or do some\nexercise\nhaving a\ndrink of water\nstretching your neck muscles\nMedicines for headaches\nMany headaches can be treated with over-the-counter\npain relief medicines\n. These include\nparacetamol\n,\nibuprofen\nor aspirin. Note that aspirin should not be given to children under 16 years of age. Check with your doctor or\npharmacist\nbefore taking a new over-the-counter medicine.\nIf you have frequent or severe headaches, your doctor may prescribe other medicines that can help such as a low dose of an\nantidepressant\nor anti-nausea medicines.\nA type of medicine called triptans can also help with migraines. Learn more about medicines for headaches\nhere\n.\nLOOKING FOR A MEDICINE?\n— To search by brand name or active ingredient, use the\nMedicines information\nsearch feature.\nOther treatment options\nYou may need to try a few different treatments before finding what works best for your headaches. Speak to your doctor about new treatment options. As well as medicines and self-care, other treatment options include:\nrelieving stress\navoiding triggers\nneck exercises and\nmassage\nacupuncture\nWhat are the complications of headaches?\nUsing pain medicines too often can cause 'medication overuse headache'. This feels similar to a tension-type headache or a migraine. Your doctor or pharmacist can guide you on how to use your pain medicines safely.\nCan headaches be prevented?\nLifestyle changes\ncan help you avoid triggers and prevent headaches. You might want to try:\neating\nhealthy food\nand avoiding any trigger foods you have identified\ndrinking enough water\nworking on\ngood posture\nexercising regularly\ntechniques for\nmanaging your stress\ngetting the right amount of\nsleep\nevery night\nlimiting\nalcohol\nand\ncaffeine\nThere are also several preventive medicines and other treatments available. If you get headaches often, ask your doctor about whether these may be appropriate for you.\nResources and support\nVisit\nMigraine & Headache Australia\nto learn more about headache. You can also\nfind resources for keeping a headache diary\nor join an\nonline support group\n.\nCheck out the\nANZ Headache Society\nfor a printable headache diary, a list of doctors who specialise in treating headache and helpful tips.\nYou can also call the healthdirect helpline on\n1800 022 222\n(known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.\nLanguages other than English\nThe\nPain Management Network\nhas translated resources in many community languages.","attrs_markdown":"[![healthdirect australia logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-hda.svg)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/)\n\nSign in\n\n- [Join](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/account\/join)\n- [Sign in](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/account\/signin)\n\nMenu\n# Healthdirect Free Australian health advice you can count on.\nJoin\n\nSign in\n\nMedical problem? Call 1800 022 222. If you need urgent medical help, call triple zero immediately\n\nhealthdirect Australia is a free service where you can talk to a nurse or doctor who can help you know what to do.\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/)\n- Health topics A-Z\n  - [Conditions](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/conditions) [Gastroenteritis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/gastroenteritis) [Skin Conditions](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/skin-conditions) [Whooping Cough](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/whooping-cough)\n  - [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/symptoms) [Abdominal Pain](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/abdominal-pain) [Bites and Stings](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/bites-and-stings) [Diarrhoea](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/diarrhoea)\n  - [Procedures](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/procedures) [Colonoscopy](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/colonoscopy) [Grommets](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/grommets) [Liposuction](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/liposuction) [Tubal ligation](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tubal-ligation)\n  - [Life stages](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/life-stages) [Babies and toddlers](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/babies-and-toddlers-health) [Kids](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/kids-health) [Seniors](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/seniors-health)\n  - [All topics](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics) [A](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/A) [B](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/B) [C](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/C) [D](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/D) [E](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/E) [F](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/F) [G](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/G) [H](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/H) [I](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/I) [J](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/J) [K](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/K) [L](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/L) [M](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/M) [N](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/N) [O](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/O) [P](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/P) [Q](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/Q) [R](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/R) [S](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/S) [T](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/T) [U](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/U) [V](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/V) [W](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/W) [X](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/X) [Y](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/Y) [Z](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/Z)\n- [Medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicines)\n- [Symptom checker](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker)\n- [Service finder](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\nMenu\n\nClose\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/)\n- [Health topics A-Z](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches)\n  - [Conditions](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/conditions)\n  - [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/symptoms)\n  - [Procedures](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/procedures)\n  - [Life stages](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/life-stages)\n  - [All topics](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics)\n- [Medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicines)\n- [Symptom checker](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker)\n- [Service finder](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\n[beginning of content]()\n\n# Headaches\n*11-minute read*\n\nPrint\n\nShare\n\n[share via Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches \"Share this page on Facebook\")\n\nshare via Email\n\nSave\n\n[Listen](https:\/\/app-oc.readspeaker.com\/cgi-bin\/rsent?customerid=8207&lang=en_au&readid=mainContentArticleText&url=https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches \"Listen to this page using ReadSpeaker\")\n\n**If you have a sudden, severe headache or if you have a headache with vomiting, confusion, neck stiffness or changes in your vision, call triple zero (000) and ask for an ambulance.**\n\n## Key facts\n- Headaches are common and usually not concerning, but sometimes they can be caused by a serious illness.\n- There are many types of headaches, such as tension, migraine and cluster headache with different causes.\n- A headache diary can help you and your doctor find patterns and triggers for your headaches.\n- Most people can manage headaches by avoiding triggers and taking pain relief medicines, but some types of headaches respond to other treatments.\n- See your doctor if your headaches interfere with your daily activities, are getting worse or changing in any way.\n\n## On this page\n- [What is a headache?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#what-is)\n- [What symptoms are related to headaches?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#symptoms)\n- [What causes headaches?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#causes)\n- [How is the cause of a headache diagnosed?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#diagnosed)\n- [When should I see my doctor?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#doctor)\n- [How are headaches treated?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#treated)\n- [What are the complications of headaches?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#complications)\n- [Can headaches be prevented?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#prevented)\n- [Resources and support](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#resources)\n- [Related information on Australian websites](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#searchGeneralResults)\n## What is a headache?\nA headache is pain experienced in any part of your head. It is a common condition, and most people will have at least one in their lifetime. Headaches can affect males and females of any age.\n\nIn most cases, a headache is unpleasant but not a cause for concern. Sometimes it can be a symptom of a serious illness.\n\nThere are many different types and causes of headache. You may need to see a doctor to work out what type of headache you have.\n\n## What symptoms are related to headaches?\nThere are many different types of headaches, and they can feel quite different to each other. Here are symptoms of some common types.\n\n### Tension-type headache\n[Tension-type headache](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tension-headache) is one of the most common forms of headache. The pain is usually on both sides of your head and feels dull or tight. It can last between 30 minutes and 7 days.\n\n### Migraine\n[Migraine](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/migraine) is when you have a headache, as well as other symptoms such as:\n\n- [nausea](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/nausea)\n- [vomiting](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/vomiting)\n- sensitivity to light or noise\n\nMigraines usually happen more than once. The pain is usually throbbing, you feel it on one side of your head, and can last hours or days.\n\nSome people experience other symptoms before or during a migraine attack such as:\n\n- visual aura (flashes of light, blind spots, or seeing 'zig zag' patterns)\n- [changes in vision](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/blurred-vision)\n- problems with speech\n- '[pins and needles](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/limb-numbness)' (a numb, tingling feeling) in your arms and legs\n### Cluster headache\n[Cluster headaches](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cluster-headache) are a rare type of headache that has intense pain as a core symptom. They generally occur in groups or 'clusters' of attacks. The pain is usually behind one eye and feels stabbing or burning. You might also have:\n\n- a [runny nose](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/runny-nose)\n- a red eye with [watery discharge](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/eye-discharge)\n- a droopy or swollen eyelid\n\nCluster headaches can last up to 3 hours and may happen a few times a day.\n\n### Sinus headache\n[Sinus problems](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sinusitis) can cause headache from pressure in your forehead or cheekbones, on one side or both sides of your face. These areas might feel sore if you press on them or bend forward.\n\nYou may also have symptoms of a sinus infection such as:\n\n- sore teeth\n- a blocked or runny nose\n- a [cough](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough)\n### Alcohol headache\nHeadaches due to [drinking alcohol](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/how-alcohol-affects-your-health) cause throbbing pain that gets worse with exercise.\n\n### Dehydration headache\nHeadaches due to [dehydration](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/dehydration) cause pain all over your head.\n\n### Altitude headache\nAltitude headaches are an intense, throbbing pain that is all over your head or in your forehead. It is also known as 'mountain sickness', but can happen with any change of altitude, for example with air travel or scuba diving.\n\n[Mountain climbing](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/altitude-sickness) can cause pain all over your head that gets worse with exercise. Diving can cause headache with dizziness, trouble breathing or confusion. Flying in a plane can cause pain in one side of your forehead.\n\n### Sleep apnoea headache\n[Sleep apnoea](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/obstructive-sleep-apnoea) can cause headaches when you wake up in the morning. You usually feel a sleep apnoea headache on both sides of your head and on most days of the week.\n\n[**CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS** — Use the **Symptom Checker** and find out if you need to seek medical help.](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker)\n\n## What causes headaches?\nHeadaches can be **primary** (when they happen on their own, and not as a result of another health problem) or **secondary** (resulting from another health problem).\n\n### Primary headaches\nSometimes primary headaches can be triggered by your diet, such as:\n\n- [alcohol](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/how-alcohol-affects-your-health), especially red wine\n- certain foods, such as cheese, citrus fruits, processed meats and foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG)\n- large amounts of [caffeine](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/caffeine)\n- skipping meals, especially breakfast\n- [not drinking enough water](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/dehydration)\n\nOther common triggers include:\n\n- too much or too little [sleep](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sleep)\n- [bad posture](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/how-to-improve-your-posture)\n- [stress](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/stress) (or relaxing after stress)\n- too much screen use\n- bright lights, strong smells or loud noises\n- sexual intercourse\n- [hormonal](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/hormones) changes (in females)\n### Secondary headaches\nCommon causes of secondary headaches include:\n\n- [acute or chronic sinus infections](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sinusitis)\n- [eye strain](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/eye-strain)\n- [dental problems](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/dental-problems)\n- [middle ear infections](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/ear-infection)\n- [side effects](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicine-and-side-effects) of some medicines\n- [substance withdrawal](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/addiction-withdrawal) ([alcohol](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/alcoholism), caffeine and some medicines)\n- [dehydration](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/dehydration)\n\nPotentially serious health problems that can cause secondary headaches include:\n\n- [aneurysms](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/aneurysms)\n- [high blood pressure](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/high-blood-pressure-hypertension) inside your skull\n- [glaucoma](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/glaucoma)\n- [brain tumours](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/brain-cancer)\n- [head injuries](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/head-injuries)\n- [meningitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/meningitis)\n- [stroke](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/stroke)\n## How is the cause of a headache diagnosed?\nYour doctor can often diagnose your headache type by talking to you about your symptoms and examining you.\n\nIt's helpful to keep a headache diary in the weeks leading up to your appointment. It can help you track when you get headaches, how often, and what might trigger them. You can find diaries and apps to record your headaches on the [Migraine and Headache Australia](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/headache-management\/headache-migraine-diaries\/) website.\n\nYour diary should record:\n\n- the number of days you have a headache\n- how severe your headache is\n- any other symptoms associated with your headache\n- any potential triggers\n\nIt is important you let your doctor know how your headache affects your daily activities and the impact it has on your family, work and activities.\n\nIn most cases, there's no need for tests to diagnose headaches. If your doctor thinks there might be another health problem causing your headaches, they may ask you to have:\n\n- an [eye check](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/eye-tests) with your optometrist\n- [blood tests](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/blood-testing)\n- a [CT](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/ct-scan) or [MRI](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri) scan of your head\n- a [lumbar puncture](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/lumbar-puncture)\n\nYour doctor may refer you to a [neurologist](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/neurologist) — a specialist doctor who diagnoses and treats conditions of the brain, spinal cord and nerves.\n\n## When should I see my doctor?\n**If you have a sudden, severe headache or if your headache is accompanied by vomiting, confusion, neck stiffness or changes in your vision, call triple zero (000) and ask for an ambulance or go to your nearest hospital emergency department.**\n\nYou should see your doctor if your headaches occur frequently and prevent you from doing the things you normally can do. You should also see your doctor if you take pain medicine for headaches often during a week.\n\nIf you have already been diagnosed with a certain type of headache, see your doctor again if your headaches become different or more severe.\n\nYou should see your doctor as soon as possible if you have any new type of headache and have:\n\n- [cancer](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cancer)\n- a weakened [immune system](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/immune-system)\n- a [family history](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/family-medical-history) of [glaucoma](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/glaucoma)\n### When to seek urgent care\nIn some cases, headaches can be a symptom of something more serious. See your doctor as soon as possible if you have a:\n\n- severe headache that begins suddenly\n- headache that gets progressively worse over the course of several weeks\n- morning headache with nausea that doesn't go away\n- headache that starts after an injury to your head\n- headache that wakes you up when you're asleep\n- headache that gets worse when you are lying down\n- headache that starts when you cough\n\nIf you are pregnant and have a headache that begins suddenly or is different to your past headaches, speak to your doctor.\n\nGo immediately to your nearest hospital emergency department if you have a headache with:\n\n- fever and vomiting\n- confusion or a change in personality\n- neck stiffness\n- blurred or double vision\n- loss of balance\n- a [seizure](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/seizures)\n\n[**FIND A HEALTH SERVICE** — The **Service Finder** can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\n## How are headaches treated?\nWhile there is no complete cure for a headache, there are helpful treatment options available to reduce the pain. If your headache is caused by a particular trigger, try to remove that trigger from your environment.\n\n### Self-care at home\nIf your headaches are mild and don't happen often, it may help to try:\n\n- lying down in a dark, quiet room\n- sleeping\n- placing a cold or warm cloth on the back of your neck or on your forehead\n- taking a walk outside in fresh air or do some [exercise](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tips-for-getting-active)\n- having a [drink of water](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/drinking-water-and-your-health)\n- stretching your neck muscles\n### Medicines for headaches\nMany headaches can be treated with over-the-counter [pain relief medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/pain-relief-medicines). These include [paracetamol](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/paracetamol), [ibuprofen](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/ibuprofen) or aspirin. Note that aspirin should not be given to children under 16 years of age. Check with your doctor or [pharmacist](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/getting-the-most-out-of-your-pharmacist) before taking a new over-the-counter medicine.\n\nIf you have frequent or severe headaches, your doctor may prescribe other medicines that can help such as a low dose of an [antidepressant](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/antidepressants) or anti-nausea medicines.\n\nA type of medicine called triptans can also help with migraines. Learn more about medicines for headaches [here](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicines-for-headaches).\n\n[**LOOKING FOR A MEDICINE?** — To search by brand name or active ingredient, use the **Medicines information** search feature.](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicines)\n\n### Other treatment options\nYou may need to try a few different treatments before finding what works best for your headaches. Speak to your doctor about new treatment options. As well as medicines and self-care, other treatment options include:\n\n- [relieving stress](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief)\n- avoiding triggers\n- neck exercises and [massage](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/massage-therapy)\n- [acupuncture](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/acupuncture)\n## What are the complications of headaches?\nUsing pain medicines too often can cause 'medication overuse headache'. This feels similar to a tension-type headache or a migraine. Your doctor or pharmacist can guide you on how to use your pain medicines safely.\n\n## Can headaches be prevented?\n[Lifestyle changes](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/healthy-lifestyle) can help you avoid triggers and prevent headaches. You might want to try:\n\n- eating [healthy food](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/balanced-diet) and avoiding any trigger foods you have identified\n- [drinking enough water](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/drinking-water-and-your-health)\n- working on [good posture](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/how-to-improve-your-posture)\n- [exercising regularly](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tips-for-getting-active)\n- techniques for [managing your stress](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief)\n- getting the right amount of [sleep](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sleep) every night\n- limiting [alcohol](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/managing-your-alcohol-intake) and [caffeine](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/caffeine)\n\nThere are also several preventive medicines and other treatments available. If you get headaches often, ask your doctor about whether these may be appropriate for you.\n\n## Resources and support\nVisit [Migraine & Headache Australia](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/) to learn more about headache. You can also [find resources for keeping a headache diary](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/headache-management\/headache-migraine-diaries\/) or join an [online support group](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/headache-management\/support-group\/).\n\nCheck out the [ANZ Headache Society](https:\/\/anzheadachesociety.org\/for-patients\/) for a printable headache diary, a list of doctors who specialise in treating headache and helpful tips.\n\nYou can also call the healthdirect helpline on [1800 022 222](tel:1800022222) (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.\n\n### Languages other than English\nThe [Pain Management Network](https:\/\/aci.health.nsw.gov.au\/chronic-pain\/translated-resources) has translated resources in many community languages.\n\n#### Sources:\nBMJ Best Practice *[(Assessment of acute headache in adults)](https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/topics\/en-gb\/9\/pdf\/9\/Assessment%20of%20acute%20headache%20in%20adults.pdf \"Assessment of acute headache in adults\")*, JAMA Network *[(Diagnosis and Management of Headache A Review)](https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2779823 \"Diagnosis and Management of Headache A Review\")*, The Journal of Headache and Pain *[(The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates)](https:\/\/thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s10194-022-01402-2 \"The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates\")*, IMR Press *[(Headache Disorders: Differentiating Primary and Secondary Etiologies)](https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/23\/2\/10.31083\/j.jin2302043\/htm \"Headache Disorders: Differentiating Primary and Secondary Etiologies\")*, HIS Classification *[(The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition)](https:\/\/ichd-3.org\/ \"The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition\")*, The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine *[(Headache Treatment Options)](https:\/\/www.jabfm.org\/content\/37\/4\/737 \"Headache Treatment Options\")*, RACGP *[(The state of migraine: An update on current and emerging treatments)](https:\/\/www1.racgp.org.au\/ajgp\/2021\/december\/the-state-of-migrain \"The state of migraine: An update on current and emerging treatments\")*, Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing 6th Australia and New Zealand Edition *[(Chapter 58: Nursing management - Chronic neurological problems (Matiuk S, Amerson C))](https:\/\/bookshelf.vitalsource.com\/reader\/books\/9780729598118\/epubcfi\/6\/404[%3Bvnd.vst.idref%3DCHP0058_1591-1625_B9780729544511000671_0]!\/4\/2[c0058]\/2\/2[CN] \"Chapter 58: Nursing management - Chronic neurological problems (Matiuk S, Amerson C)\")*, Therapeutics Guidelines *[(Headache and facial pain classification and diagnosis)](https:\/\/app.tg.org.au\/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Neurology&topicfile=headache-and-facial-pain-classification-and-diagnosis&guidelinename=Neurology&sectionId=toc_d1e135#toc_d1e135 \"Headache and facial pain classification and diagnosis\")*, Therapeutic Guidelines *[(Migraine)](https:\/\/tgldcdp.tg.org.au\/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Neurology&topicfile=migraine&guidelinename=Neurology&sectionId=toc_d1e333#toc_d1e333 \"Migraine\")*, Therapeutics Guidelines *[(Tension-type headache)](https:\/\/app.tg.org.au\/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Neurology&topicfile=tension-type-headache&guidelinename=Neurology&sectionId=toc_d1e467#toc_d1e467 \"Tension-type headache\")*, Journal of Clinical Medicine *[(Orofacial Migraine - A Narrative Review)](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11476786\/ \"Orofacial Migraine - A Narrative Review\")*, Current Pain and Headache Reports *[(Dehydration and Headache)](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8280611\/ \"Dehydration and Headache\")*, Cephalgia *[(Aeroplane headache, mountain descent headache, diving ascent headache. Three subtypes of headache attributed to imbalance between intrasinusal and external air pressure?)](https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/0333102417724154 \"Aeroplane headache, mountain descent headache, diving ascent headache. Three subtypes of headache attributed to imbalance between intrasinusal and external air pressure?\")*, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health *[(Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: From Symptoms to Treatment)](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8872290\/ \"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: From Symptoms to Treatment\")*, Headache *[(The Role of Diet and Nutrition in Migraine Triggers and Treatment: A Systematic Literature Review)](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7496357\/ \"The Role of Diet and Nutrition in Migraine Triggers and Treatment: A Systematic Literature Review\")*, The Journal of Headache and Pain *[(21st century headache: mapping new territory)](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8015309\/ \"21st century headache: mapping new territory\")*, Seminars in Neurology *[(Classification and Diagnosis of Primary Headache Disorders)](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36191595 \"Classification and Diagnosis of Primary Headache Disorders\")*, Frontiers in Pain Research *[(Medication overuse headache: a review of current evidence and management strategies)](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10442656\/ \"Medication overuse headache: a review of current evidence and management strategies\")*\n\nLearn more here about the [development and quality assurance of healthdirect content](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/about-our-content).\n\nLast reviewed: May 2025\n\n[Back To Top](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#backToTop)\n\n## Related pages\n- [Tension headache](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tension-headache \"Tension headache\")\n\n## Search our site for\n- [Migraine](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Migraine \"Search results for: Migraine\")\n\n## Need more information?\nThese trusted information partners have more on this topic.\n\nGeneral search results\n\nResults for medical professionals\n\nTop results\n\n[Headaches during pregnancy Headaches and migraines can be common during pregnancy. Find out what you can do to improve your symptoms and when you should see a doctor. *Read more on Pregnancy,Birth & Baby website* ![Pregnancy,Birth & Baby](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/PBB_logo.png)](https:\/\/www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au\/headaches-during-pregnancy)\n\n[Cluster Headaches: Symptoms, Specialists, and Treatment Options Learn about cluster headaches, their symptoms, and effective treatments. Find specialists and resources for managing cluster headaches. *Read more on Migraine and Headache Australia website* ![Migraine and Headache Australia](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/migraineandheadacheaus_logo-5787ac.png)](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/headachetypes\/cluster-headache\/)\n\n[Eye Strain Headaches: Causes, Symptoms, and Relief Tips Discover how eye strain can lead to headaches and migraines. Learn about symptoms and effective relief tips to reduce eye strain and associated pain. *Read more on Migraine and Headache Australia website* ![Migraine and Headache Australia](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/migraineandheadacheaus_logo-5787ac.png)](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/headachetypes\/eyestrain\/)\n\n[Headaches in children factsheet Headaches can be a common type of pain in children and teenagers. Migraines are different from general headaches. *Read more on Sydney Children's Hospitals Network website* ![Sydney Children's Hospitals Network](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/SCHN_logo.png)](https:\/\/www.schn.health.nsw.gov.au\/headaches-children-factsheet)\n\n[Headaches \\| Fact sheet \\| Synapse Headaches are a common and often persistent problem after acquiring a brain injury. Headaches can arise after damage to different structures both inside and outside the head. *Read more on Synapse website* ![Synapse](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/synapse_logo-affee7-b581d07c-6d19-4c90-88a2-bf06c490e671.png)](https:\/\/synapse.org.au\/fact-sheet\/headache-and-brain-injury\/)\n\n[Headaches & how to treat them Learn about different types of headaches to make an informed choice about treatment, including pain relief. *Read more on NPS MedicineWise website* ![NPS MedicineWise](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/nps_logo-54f847.png)](https:\/\/www.nps.org.au\/consumers\/headaches-and-how-to-treat-them)\n\n[Headache and Migraine Diaries: Trackers and Journals in Australia Utilize headache and migraine diaries and trackers available in Australia to monitor your symptoms and identify triggers for better headache management. *Read more on Migraine and Headache Australia website* ![Migraine and Headache Australia](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/migraineandheadacheaus_logo-5787ac.png)](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/headache-management\/)\n\n[Headache and Pain Clinics - Headache Australia Headache and pain clinics are often located at hospitals & may be conducted by specialist doctors or multidisciplinary teams taking a holistic approach. *Read more on Migraine and Headache Australia website* ![Migraine and Headache Australia](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/migraineandheadacheaus_logo-5787ac.png)](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/headache-management\/headache-and-pain-clinics\/)\n\n[Personal Management - Headache Australia To assist you to take charge of your headache, consider the following 10 personal management steps. *Read more on Migraine and Headache Australia website* ![Migraine and Headache Australia](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/migraineandheadacheaus_logo-5787ac.png)](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/headache-management\/personal-management\/)\n\n[The EASE Approach - Headache Australia The Ease Approach outlines four key strategies for managing headache triggers. Authored by Professor Paul R Martin. *Read more on Migraine and Headache Australia website* ![Migraine and Headache Australia](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/migraineandheadacheaus_logo-5787ac.png)](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/headache-management\/the-ease-approach\/)\n\nShow more\n\nTop results\n\n[Migraine headaches, menopause and MHT\/HRT \\| Information Sheet \\| Australasian Menopause Society Hub Download: Migraine headaches, menopause and MHT\/HRT \\| Information Sheet KEY POINTSMigraine is not a contraindication to using menopausal hormone therapyMigraine without aura is more sensitive to hormonal flux than migraine with auraFalling oestrogen commonly triggers the onset of a hormonally sensitive migraineMaintaining stable oestrogen levels is important and transdermal delivery is preferable Migraine headaches are characterised by a throbbing hemicranial headache accompanied by photophobia, and commonly nausea and vomiting. It is more common in women than in men and often related to hormonal changes. 60% of migraineurs experience a prodrome e.g. euphoria, depression, irritability, food cravings, constipation, neck stiffness, or increased yawning. 25% may experience an aura most often visual, but it can also be sensory, verbal, or motor disturbances. In migraine with aura, occasionally the headache may be very mild or absent so that the diagnosis of migraine can be obscure. Migraines are often less frequent and less intense with increasing age, which may contribute to the improvement seen after menopause.Reproductive life events affect migraine without aura differently to migraine with aura. The onset of migraine without aura occurs after menarche suggesting that the development of the female menstrual cycle plays a role in its initiation. Migraine with aura is not so influenced by reproductive hormonal changes.Falling oestrogen, and not falling progesterone, levels are the trigger for the migraine in menstrual migraine. Experimental hormonal manipulation of the late luteal phase has shown that the administration of oestrogen will delay the migraine but not the menses, whereas administration of progestin will delay the period but not the migraine. Some women experience migraine twice during the cycle (once just prior to menses when the oestradiol falls and once after ovulation when the oestradiol also falls but to a lesser degree). Pre-existing migraine often improves during pregnancy where sex hormones levels are sustained and high. (1)The sensitivity of some migraines to hormonal flux explains the exacerbation in migraine in the perimenopausal years. Hormonally sensitive migraine often worsens during perimenopause, with attacks that are erratic and unpredictable in timing (2). Once menopause is well established, migraine is likely to improve, although this is unlikely to occur immediately after the last menstrual period. This improvement is attributable to the lack of variation in sex hormone levels. Unfortunately, many of the studies of migraine at menopause have included both post- menopausal and perimenopausal women. These two states have very different effects on hormonally sensitive migraine. One study did show that almost two thirds of women with migraine experienced an improvement after menopause was established (3). Surgical menopause leads to abrupt changes in hormone levels and is likely to lead to an initial exacerbation in migraine. This may signify that there is an oestrogen \"threshold\" below which migraine is triggered in sensitive women.Although data are scarce, clinical impression is that the frequency of migraine with aura is little changed by the menopause.The risk of stroke is raised in migraine with aura and is further increased with the use of the oral contraceptive pill and with smoking. There are no specific data about the risk of stroke with the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in migraine, and migraine is not considered a contraindication to the use of MHT.The indication for MHT in postmenopausal women with migraine is not to improve the migraines but to treat the menopausal symptoms. Depending upon the dosage regimen and the delivery system, MHT may improve migraine, worsen migraine or not have any effect on migraine. Acute treatment of a migraine in the perimenopause or menopause should follow the standard practice for migraine management.As a general rule, cyclical MHT is recommended for women who are within 12 months of their last menopausal period because early institution of continuous MHT may lead to breakthrough bleeding. Progesterone levels are not thought to be an important trigger for migraines in the reproductive years. Nevertheless, some women are sensitive to progestin such that the progestin phase of a cyclical regimen or progestin alone may trigger migraine. If this is the case and when added progestin is necessary (in women with an intact uterus), one study has found that continuous combined MHT is less likely to trigger headache than a cyclical regimen especially if there is an \"off hormone\" phase or a low oestrogen phase. Although data specifically relating to migraine are lacking, the lower progestin levels obtained with the use of the levonorgestrel IUD may be an argument for using that delivery system for MHT in women who are sensitive to progestin.Modification of MHT regimen, dose and delivery may be appropriate in women with hormonally sensitive migraine. Transdermal oestrogen delivery is less likely to trigger migraine than oral oestrogen delivery (4). This form of delivery may be superior because it maintains a more stable delivery of oestrogen and avoids fluctuating serum oestradiol levels. Interestingly, studies have shown that, in oestrogen-only regimens, transdermal oestrogen using the 100?g patch has a greater preventative benefit for migraineurs over the 50?g patch - again a suggestion that there is an oestrogen threshold which is beneficial for migraine prevention.For further readingUseful reviewMacGregor, E. A. (2009). \"Migraine headache in perimenopausal and menopausal women.\" Current Pain & Headache Reports 13(5): 399-403Heavy duty readingMartin VT, Behbehani M. Ovarian hormones and migraine headache: understanding mechanisms and pathogenesis--part I. Headache 2006; 46 (1) 3-23.Martin VT, Behbehani M. Ovarian hormones and migraine headache: understanding mechanisms and pathogenesis--part 2. Headache 2006; 46(3):365-86 (3) 365-86.ReferencesSances, G., Granella, F., Nappi, R.E., Fignon, A., Ghiotto, N., Polatti, F. & Nappi, G. (2003) Course of migraine during pregnancy and postpartum: a prospective study. Cephalalgia 23, 197-205.Mattsson, P. (2003) Hormonal factors in migraine: a population-based study of women aged 40 to 74 years. Headache 43, 27-35.Neri, I., Granella, F., Nappi, R., Manzoni, G.C., Facchinetti, F. & Genazzani, A.R. (1993) Characteristics of headache at menopause: a clinico-epidemiologic study. Maturitas 17, 31-37.Nappi, R.E., Cagnacci, A., Granella, F., Piccinini, F., Polatti, F. & Facchinetti, F. (2001) Course of primary headaches during hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 38, 157-163. *Read more on Australasian Menopause Society (Health Professionals) website* ![Australasian Menopause Society (Health Professionals)](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/amslogo-9e3e88.png)](https:\/\/hub.menopause.org.au\/Play?pId=46e07645-c1d7-4c16-8ab2-8eb7370c4bf9)\n\n[A Brief Overview of Headaches and Migraine The term ‘headache’ refers to any pain in the head area. Headaches vary in severity, frequency and length. The pain may be sharp, throbbing or dull, with gradual or sudden onset, and may last from less than an hour to several days. *Read more on Ausmed Education website* ![Ausmed Education](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/ausmed-new-logo-872e67.png)](https:\/\/www.ausmed.com\/learn\/articles\/headaches)\n\n[Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults - Williams, AC de C - 2020 \\| Cochrane Library *Read more on Cochrane Australia website* ![Cochrane Australia](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/cochrane_australia_stacked_rgb-15fbd4.png)](https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007407.pub4\/full)\n\nShow more\n\n## Disclaimer\nHealthdirect Australia is not responsible for the content and advertising on the external website you are now entering.\n\n[OK]()\n\n## Related pages\n- [Tension headache](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tension-headache \"Tension headache\")\n\n## Search our site for\n- [Migraine](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Migraine \"Search results for: Migraine\")\n\n## Symptom checker\n**Suffering from a headache?**\n\nSelect a symptom, answer some questions, get advice\n\n[Start Your Symptom Check](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker \"Check symptoms\")\n\n[Check your symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker\/tool?symptom=GNRC) [Find a health service](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\n# Healthdirect 24hr 7 days a week hotline\n24 hour health advice you can count on\n\n[1800 022 222](tel:1800022222)\n\n# Government Accredited with over 140 information partners\n![Healthdirect logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-hda.svg)\n\nWe are a government-funded service, providing quality, approved health information and advice\n\n[![Australian Government, health department logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-gov-dep-health.svg)](https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/) [![ACT Government logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-gov-act.svg)](https:\/\/www.health.act.gov.au\/) [![New South Wales government logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-gov-nsw.svg)](https:\/\/www.health.nsw.gov.au\/) [![Northern Territory Government logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-gov-nt.svg)](https:\/\/health.nt.gov.au\/) [![Queensland Government logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-gov-qld.svg)](https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/) [![Government of South Australia logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-gov-sa.svg)](https:\/\/www.sahealth.sa.gov.au\/) [![Tasmanian government logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-gov-tas.svg)](https:\/\/www.health.tas.gov.au\/) [![Victorian government logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-gov-vic.svg)](https:\/\/www2.health.vic.gov.au\/) [![Government of Western Australia logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-gov-wa.svg)](https:\/\/ww2.health.wa.gov.au\/)\n\n## About\n- [How we can help](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/how-healthdirect-can-help-you)\n- [Our mobile app](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-app)\n- [Linking to us](https:\/\/about.healthdirect.gov.au\/linking-to-us)\n- [Information partners](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/information-partners)\n- [Register your service](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/register-with-nhsd)\n- [Terms of use](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/terms-of-use)\n- [Privacy](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/privacy-policy)\n- [How we use AI](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/artificial-intelligence-transparency-statement)\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/contact-us)\n- [About us](https:\/\/about.healthdirect.gov.au\/)\n\n## Discover\n- [Blog](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/blog)\n- [BMI calculator](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/bmi-calculator)\n- [Health apps](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-and-wellbeing-apps)\n- [Medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicines)\n- [Service finder](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n- [Symptom checker](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker)\n- [Question builder](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/question-builder)\n\n## Resources in your language\n- [Arabic عربى](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/ar\/resources-in-arabic)\n- [বাংলা Bengali](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/bn\/resources-in-bengali)\n- [简体中文 Chinese Simplified](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/zh-hans\/resources-in-chinese-simplified)\n- [繁體中文 Chinese Traditional](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/zh-hant\/resources-in-chinese-traditional)\n- [Tiếng Việt Vietnamese](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/vi\/resources-in-vietnamese)\n\n[![download from the App store](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/app-apple-store.png)](https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/au\/app\/healthdirect-check-symptoms\/id1021494621?ls=1&mt=8)  [![download from google play](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/app-google-play.png)](https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=au.org.healthdirect.healthdirectapp)\n\nHealthdirect Australia is dedicated to providing safe, effective and person-centred advice, supported by rigorous [clinical governance](https:\/\/about.healthdirect.gov.au\/end-to-end-service-delivery) and transparent [quality and safety processes](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/quality-and-safety-of-healthdirects-triage-service-statement).\n\nThis site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy) and [Terms of Service](https:\/\/policies.google.com\/terms) apply.\n\nHealthdirect Australia acknowledges the Traditional Owners of Country throughout Australia and their continuing connection to land, sea and community. We pay our respects to the Traditional Owners and to Elders both past and present.\n\n© 2026 Healthdirect Australia Limited\n\n## Support for this browser is being discontinued\nSupport for this browser is being discontinued for this site\n\n- Internet Explorer 11 and lower\n\nWe currently support Microsoft Edge, Chrome, Firefox and Safari. For more information, please visit the links below:\n\n- [Chrome by Google](https:\/\/www.google.com.au\/chrome\/)\n- [Firefox by Mozilla](https:\/\/www.mozilla.org\/en-US\/firefox\/new)\n- [Microsoft Edge](https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/edge)\n- [Safari by Apple](https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en_AU\/downloads\/safari)\n\nYou are welcome to continue browsing this site with this browser. Some features, tools or interaction may not work correctly.\n\nContinue\n\n![](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/tr?id=286390378916509&ev=PageView%0A%0A&noscript=1)","attrs_readable_markdown":"## Key facts\n- Headaches are common and usually not concerning, but sometimes they can be caused by a serious illness.\n- There are many types of headaches, such as tension, migraine and cluster headache with different causes.\n- A headache diary can help you and your doctor find patterns and triggers for your headaches.\n- Most people can manage headaches by avoiding triggers and taking pain relief medicines, but some types of headaches respond to other treatments.\n- See your doctor if your headaches interfere with your daily activities, are getting worse or changing in any way.\n\n## On this page\n- [What is a headache?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#what-is)\n- [What symptoms are related to headaches?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#symptoms)\n- [What causes headaches?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#causes)\n- [How is the cause of a headache diagnosed?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#diagnosed)\n- [When should I see my doctor?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#doctor)\n- [How are headaches treated?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#treated)\n- [What are the complications of headaches?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#complications)\n- [Can headaches be prevented?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#prevented)\n- [Resources and support](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#resources)\n- [Related information on Australian websites](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/headaches#searchGeneralResults)\n## What is a headache?\nA headache is pain experienced in any part of your head. It is a common condition, and most people will have at least one in their lifetime. Headaches can affect males and females of any age.\n\nIn most cases, a headache is unpleasant but not a cause for concern. Sometimes it can be a symptom of a serious illness.\n\nThere are many different types and causes of headache. You may need to see a doctor to work out what type of headache you have.\n\n## What symptoms are related to headaches?\nThere are many different types of headaches, and they can feel quite different to each other. Here are symptoms of some common types.\n\n### Tension-type headache\n[Tension-type headache](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tension-headache) is one of the most common forms of headache. The pain is usually on both sides of your head and feels dull or tight. It can last between 30 minutes and 7 days.\n\n### Migraine\n[Migraine](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/migraine) is when you have a headache, as well as other symptoms such as:\n\n- [nausea](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/nausea)\n- [vomiting](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/vomiting)\n- sensitivity to light or noise\n\nMigraines usually happen more than once. The pain is usually throbbing, you feel it on one side of your head, and can last hours or days.\n\nSome people experience other symptoms before or during a migraine attack such as:\n\n- visual aura (flashes of light, blind spots, or seeing 'zig zag' patterns)\n- [changes in vision](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/blurred-vision)\n- problems with speech\n- '[pins and needles](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/limb-numbness)' (a numb, tingling feeling) in your arms and legs\n### Cluster headache\n[Cluster headaches](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cluster-headache) are a rare type of headache that has intense pain as a core symptom. They generally occur in groups or 'clusters' of attacks. The pain is usually behind one eye and feels stabbing or burning. You might also have:\n\n- a [runny nose](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/runny-nose)\n- a red eye with [watery discharge](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/eye-discharge)\n- a droopy or swollen eyelid\n\nCluster headaches can last up to 3 hours and may happen a few times a day.\n\n### Sinus headache\n[Sinus problems](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sinusitis) can cause headache from pressure in your forehead or cheekbones, on one side or both sides of your face. These areas might feel sore if you press on them or bend forward.\n\nYou may also have symptoms of a sinus infection such as:\n\n- sore teeth\n- a blocked or runny nose\n- a [cough](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough)\n### Alcohol headache\nHeadaches due to [drinking alcohol](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/how-alcohol-affects-your-health) cause throbbing pain that gets worse with exercise.\n\n### Dehydration headache\nHeadaches due to [dehydration](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/dehydration) cause pain all over your head.\n\n### Altitude headache\nAltitude headaches are an intense, throbbing pain that is all over your head or in your forehead. It is also known as 'mountain sickness', but can happen with any change of altitude, for example with air travel or scuba diving.\n\n[Mountain climbing](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/altitude-sickness) can cause pain all over your head that gets worse with exercise. Diving can cause headache with dizziness, trouble breathing or confusion. Flying in a plane can cause pain in one side of your forehead.\n\n### Sleep apnoea headache\n[Sleep apnoea](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/obstructive-sleep-apnoea) can cause headaches when you wake up in the morning. You usually feel a sleep apnoea headache on both sides of your head and on most days of the week.\n\n[**CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS** — Use the **Symptom Checker** and find out if you need to seek medical help.](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker)\n\n## What causes headaches?\nHeadaches can be **primary** (when they happen on their own, and not as a result of another health problem) or **secondary** (resulting from another health problem).\n\n### Primary headaches\nSometimes primary headaches can be triggered by your diet, such as:\n\n- [alcohol](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/how-alcohol-affects-your-health), especially red wine\n- certain foods, such as cheese, citrus fruits, processed meats and foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG)\n- large amounts of [caffeine](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/caffeine)\n- skipping meals, especially breakfast\n- [not drinking enough water](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/dehydration)\n\nOther common triggers include:\n\n- too much or too little [sleep](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sleep)\n- [bad posture](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/how-to-improve-your-posture)\n- [stress](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/stress) (or relaxing after stress)\n- too much screen use\n- bright lights, strong smells or loud noises\n- sexual intercourse\n- [hormonal](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/hormones) changes (in females)\n### Secondary headaches\nCommon causes of secondary headaches include:\n\n- [acute or chronic sinus infections](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sinusitis)\n- [eye strain](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/eye-strain)\n- [dental problems](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/dental-problems)\n- [middle ear infections](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/ear-infection)\n- [side effects](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicine-and-side-effects) of some medicines\n- [substance withdrawal](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/addiction-withdrawal) ([alcohol](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/alcoholism), caffeine and some medicines)\n- [dehydration](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/dehydration)\n\nPotentially serious health problems that can cause secondary headaches include:\n\n- [aneurysms](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/aneurysms)\n- [high blood pressure](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/high-blood-pressure-hypertension) inside your skull\n- [glaucoma](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/glaucoma)\n- [brain tumours](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/brain-cancer)\n- [head injuries](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/head-injuries)\n- [meningitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/meningitis)\n- [stroke](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/stroke)\n## How is the cause of a headache diagnosed?\nYour doctor can often diagnose your headache type by talking to you about your symptoms and examining you.\n\nIt's helpful to keep a headache diary in the weeks leading up to your appointment. It can help you track when you get headaches, how often, and what might trigger them. You can find diaries and apps to record your headaches on the [Migraine and Headache Australia](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/headache-management\/headache-migraine-diaries\/) website.\n\nYour diary should record:\n\n- the number of days you have a headache\n- how severe your headache is\n- any other symptoms associated with your headache\n- any potential triggers\n\nIt is important you let your doctor know how your headache affects your daily activities and the impact it has on your family, work and activities.\n\nIn most cases, there's no need for tests to diagnose headaches. If your doctor thinks there might be another health problem causing your headaches, they may ask you to have:\n\n- an [eye check](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/eye-tests) with your optometrist\n- [blood tests](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/blood-testing)\n- a [CT](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/ct-scan) or [MRI](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri) scan of your head\n- a [lumbar puncture](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/lumbar-puncture)\n\nYour doctor may refer you to a [neurologist](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/neurologist) — a specialist doctor who diagnoses and treats conditions of the brain, spinal cord and nerves.\n\n## When should I see my doctor?\nYou should see your doctor if your headaches occur frequently and prevent you from doing the things you normally can do. You should also see your doctor if you take pain medicine for headaches often during a week.\n\nIf you have already been diagnosed with a certain type of headache, see your doctor again if your headaches become different or more severe.\n\nYou should see your doctor as soon as possible if you have any new type of headache and have:\n\n- [cancer](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cancer)\n- a weakened [immune system](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/immune-system)\n- a [family history](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/family-medical-history) of [glaucoma](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/glaucoma)\n### When to seek urgent care\nIn some cases, headaches can be a symptom of something more serious. See your doctor as soon as possible if you have a:\n\n- severe headache that begins suddenly\n- headache that gets progressively worse over the course of several weeks\n- morning headache with nausea that doesn't go away\n- headache that starts after an injury to your head\n- headache that wakes you up when you're asleep\n- headache that gets worse when you are lying down\n- headache that starts when you cough\n\nIf you are pregnant and have a headache that begins suddenly or is different to your past headaches, speak to your doctor.\n\nGo immediately to your nearest hospital emergency department if you have a headache with:\n\n- fever and vomiting\n- confusion or a change in personality\n- neck stiffness\n- blurred or double vision\n- loss of balance\n- a [seizure](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/seizures)\n\n[**FIND A HEALTH SERVICE** — The **Service Finder** can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\n## How are headaches treated?\nWhile there is no complete cure for a headache, there are helpful treatment options available to reduce the pain. If your headache is caused by a particular trigger, try to remove that trigger from your environment.\n\n### Self-care at home\nIf your headaches are mild and don't happen often, it may help to try:\n\n- lying down in a dark, quiet room\n- sleeping\n- placing a cold or warm cloth on the back of your neck or on your forehead\n- taking a walk outside in fresh air or do some [exercise](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tips-for-getting-active)\n- having a [drink of water](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/drinking-water-and-your-health)\n- stretching your neck muscles\n### Medicines for headaches\nMany headaches can be treated with over-the-counter [pain relief medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/pain-relief-medicines). These include [paracetamol](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/paracetamol), [ibuprofen](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/ibuprofen) or aspirin. Note that aspirin should not be given to children under 16 years of age. Check with your doctor or [pharmacist](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/getting-the-most-out-of-your-pharmacist) before taking a new over-the-counter medicine.\n\nIf you have frequent or severe headaches, your doctor may prescribe other medicines that can help such as a low dose of an [antidepressant](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/antidepressants) or anti-nausea medicines.\n\nA type of medicine called triptans can also help with migraines. Learn more about medicines for headaches [here](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicines-for-headaches).\n\n[**LOOKING FOR A MEDICINE?** — To search by brand name or active ingredient, use the **Medicines information** search feature.](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicines)\n\n### Other treatment options\nYou may need to try a few different treatments before finding what works best for your headaches. Speak to your doctor about new treatment options. As well as medicines and self-care, other treatment options include:\n\n- [relieving stress](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief)\n- avoiding triggers\n- neck exercises and [massage](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/massage-therapy)\n- [acupuncture](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/acupuncture)\n## What are the complications of headaches?\nUsing pain medicines too often can cause 'medication overuse headache'. This feels similar to a tension-type headache or a migraine. Your doctor or pharmacist can guide you on how to use your pain medicines safely.\n\n## Can headaches be prevented?\n[Lifestyle changes](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/healthy-lifestyle) can help you avoid triggers and prevent headaches. You might want to try:\n\n- eating [healthy food](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/balanced-diet) and avoiding any trigger foods you have identified\n- [drinking enough water](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/drinking-water-and-your-health)\n- working on [good posture](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/how-to-improve-your-posture)\n- [exercising regularly](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tips-for-getting-active)\n- techniques for [managing your stress](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief)\n- getting the right amount of [sleep](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sleep) every night\n- limiting [alcohol](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/managing-your-alcohol-intake) and [caffeine](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/caffeine)\n\nThere are also several preventive medicines and other treatments available. If you get headaches often, ask your doctor about whether these may be appropriate for you.\n\n## Resources and support\nVisit [Migraine & Headache Australia](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/) to learn more about headache. You can also [find resources for keeping a headache diary](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/headache-management\/headache-migraine-diaries\/) or join an [online support group](https:\/\/headacheaustralia.org.au\/headache-management\/support-group\/).\n\nCheck out the [ANZ Headache Society](https:\/\/anzheadachesociety.org\/for-patients\/) for a printable headache diary, a list of doctors who specialise in treating headache and helpful tips.\n\nYou can also call the healthdirect helpline on [1800 022 222](tel:1800022222) (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.\n\n### Languages other than English\nThe [Pain Management Network](https:\/\/aci.health.nsw.gov.au\/chronic-pain\/translated-resources) has translated resources in many community languages.","meta_canonical":null}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

8 days ago

🤖

ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	0.3 months ago
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

Property	Value
URL	https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches
Last Crawled	2026-04-01 07:10:14 (8 days ago)
First Indexed	2016-10-18 22:34:20 (9 years ago)
HTTP Status Code	200
Meta Title	Headaches - types, causes, migraines, treatment and prevention \| healthdirect
Meta Description	Headache is a common health complaint and most headaches are not serious. Learn about the different types of headaches and pain relief options.
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	Key facts Headaches are common and usually not concerning, but sometimes they can be caused by a serious illness. There are many types of headaches, such as tension, migraine and cluster headache with different causes. A headache diary can help you and your doctor find patterns and triggers for your headaches. Most people can manage headaches by avoiding triggers and taking pain relief medicines, but some types of headaches respond to other treatments. See your doctor if your headaches interfere with your daily activities, are getting worse or changing in any way. On this page What is a headache? What symptoms are related to headaches? What causes headaches? How is the cause of a headache diagnosed? When should I see my doctor? How are headaches treated? What are the complications of headaches? Can headaches be prevented? Resources and support Related information on Australian websites What is a headache? A headache is pain experienced in any part of your head. It is a common condition, and most people will have at least one in their lifetime. Headaches can affect males and females of any age. In most cases, a headache is unpleasant but not a cause for concern. Sometimes it can be a symptom of a serious illness. There are many different types and causes of headache. You may need to see a doctor to work out what type of headache you have. What symptoms are related to headaches? There are many different types of headaches, and they can feel quite different to each other. Here are symptoms of some common types. Tension-type headache Tension-type headache is one of the most common forms of headache. The pain is usually on both sides of your head and feels dull or tight. It can last between 30 minutes and 7 days. Migraine Migraine is when you have a headache, as well as other symptoms such as: nausea vomiting sensitivity to light or noise Migraines usually happen more than once. The pain is usually throbbing, you feel it on one side of your head, and can last hours or days. Some people experience other symptoms before or during a migraine attack such as: visual aura (flashes of light, blind spots, or seeing 'zig zag' patterns) changes in vision problems with speech ' pins and needles ' (a numb, tingling feeling) in your arms and legs Cluster headache Cluster headaches are a rare type of headache that has intense pain as a core symptom. They generally occur in groups or 'clusters' of attacks. The pain is usually behind one eye and feels stabbing or burning. You might also have: a runny nose a red eye with watery discharge a droopy or swollen eyelid Cluster headaches can last up to 3 hours and may happen a few times a day. Sinus headache Sinus problems can cause headache from pressure in your forehead or cheekbones, on one side or both sides of your face. These areas might feel sore if you press on them or bend forward. You may also have symptoms of a sinus infection such as: sore teeth a blocked or runny nose a cough Alcohol headache Headaches due to drinking alcohol cause throbbing pain that gets worse with exercise. Dehydration headache Headaches due to dehydration cause pain all over your head. Altitude headache Altitude headaches are an intense, throbbing pain that is all over your head or in your forehead. It is also known as 'mountain sickness', but can happen with any change of altitude, for example with air travel or scuba diving. Mountain climbing can cause pain all over your head that gets worse with exercise. Diving can cause headache with dizziness, trouble breathing or confusion. Flying in a plane can cause pain in one side of your forehead. Sleep apnoea headache Sleep apnoea can cause headaches when you wake up in the morning. You usually feel a sleep apnoea headache on both sides of your head and on most days of the week. CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help. What causes headaches? Headaches can be primary (when they happen on their own, and not as a result of another health problem) or secondary (resulting from another health problem). Primary headaches Sometimes primary headaches can be triggered by your diet, such as: alcohol , especially red wine certain foods, such as cheese, citrus fruits, processed meats and foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG) large amounts of caffeine skipping meals, especially breakfast not drinking enough water Other common triggers include: too much or too little sleep bad posture stress (or relaxing after stress) too much screen use bright lights, strong smells or loud noises sexual intercourse hormonal changes (in females) Secondary headaches Common causes of secondary headaches include: acute or chronic sinus infections eye strain dental problems middle ear infections side effects of some medicines substance withdrawal ( alcohol , caffeine and some medicines) dehydration Potentially serious health problems that can cause secondary headaches include: aneurysms high blood pressure inside your skull glaucoma brain tumours head injuries meningitis stroke How is the cause of a headache diagnosed? Your doctor can often diagnose your headache type by talking to you about your symptoms and examining you. It's helpful to keep a headache diary in the weeks leading up to your appointment. It can help you track when you get headaches, how often, and what might trigger them. You can find diaries and apps to record your headaches on the Migraine and Headache Australia website. Your diary should record: the number of days you have a headache how severe your headache is any other symptoms associated with your headache any potential triggers It is important you let your doctor know how your headache affects your daily activities and the impact it has on your family, work and activities. In most cases, there's no need for tests to diagnose headaches. If your doctor thinks there might be another health problem causing your headaches, they may ask you to have: an eye check with your optometrist blood tests a CT or MRI scan of your head a lumbar puncture Your doctor may refer you to a neurologist — a specialist doctor who diagnoses and treats conditions of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. When should I see my doctor? You should see your doctor if your headaches occur frequently and prevent you from doing the things you normally can do. You should also see your doctor if you take pain medicine for headaches often during a week. If you have already been diagnosed with a certain type of headache, see your doctor again if your headaches become different or more severe. You should see your doctor as soon as possible if you have any new type of headache and have: cancer a weakened immune system a family history of glaucoma When to seek urgent care In some cases, headaches can be a symptom of something more serious. See your doctor as soon as possible if you have a: severe headache that begins suddenly headache that gets progressively worse over the course of several weeks morning headache with nausea that doesn't go away headache that starts after an injury to your head headache that wakes you up when you're asleep headache that gets worse when you are lying down headache that starts when you cough If you are pregnant and have a headache that begins suddenly or is different to your past headaches, speak to your doctor. Go immediately to your nearest hospital emergency department if you have a headache with: fever and vomiting confusion or a change in personality neck stiffness blurred or double vision loss of balance a seizure FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — The Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services. How are headaches treated? While there is no complete cure for a headache, there are helpful treatment options available to reduce the pain. If your headache is caused by a particular trigger, try to remove that trigger from your environment. Self-care at home If your headaches are mild and don't happen often, it may help to try: lying down in a dark, quiet room sleeping placing a cold or warm cloth on the back of your neck or on your forehead taking a walk outside in fresh air or do some exercise having a drink of water stretching your neck muscles Medicines for headaches Many headaches can be treated with over-the-counter pain relief medicines . These include paracetamol , ibuprofen or aspirin. Note that aspirin should not be given to children under 16 years of age. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking a new over-the-counter medicine. If you have frequent or severe headaches, your doctor may prescribe other medicines that can help such as a low dose of an antidepressant or anti-nausea medicines. A type of medicine called triptans can also help with migraines. Learn more about medicines for headaches here . LOOKING FOR A MEDICINE? — To search by brand name or active ingredient, use the Medicines information search feature. Other treatment options You may need to try a few different treatments before finding what works best for your headaches. Speak to your doctor about new treatment options. As well as medicines and self-care, other treatment options include: relieving stress avoiding triggers neck exercises and massage acupuncture What are the complications of headaches? Using pain medicines too often can cause 'medication overuse headache'. This feels similar to a tension-type headache or a migraine. Your doctor or pharmacist can guide you on how to use your pain medicines safely. Can headaches be prevented? Lifestyle changes can help you avoid triggers and prevent headaches. You might want to try: eating healthy food and avoiding any trigger foods you have identified drinking enough water working on good posture exercising regularly techniques for managing your stress getting the right amount of sleep every night limiting alcohol and caffeine There are also several preventive medicines and other treatments available. If you get headaches often, ask your doctor about whether these may be appropriate for you. Resources and support Visit Migraine & Headache Australia to learn more about headache. You can also find resources for keeping a headache diary or join an online support group . Check out the ANZ Headache Society for a printable headache diary, a list of doctors who specialise in treating headache and helpful tips. You can also call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Languages other than English The Pain Management Network has translated resources in many community languages.
Markdown	[![healthdirect australia logo](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/logo-hda.svg)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/) Sign in - [Join](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/account/join) - [Sign in](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/account/signin) Menu # Healthdirect Free Australian health advice you can count on. Join Sign in Medical problem? Call 1800 022 222. If you need urgent medical help, call triple zero immediately healthdirect Australia is a free service where you can talk to a nurse or doctor who can help you know what to do. - [Home](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/) - Health topics A-Z - [Conditions](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/conditions) [Gastroenteritis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gastroenteritis) [Skin Conditions](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/skin-conditions) [Whooping Cough](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/whooping-cough) - [Symptoms](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/symptoms) [Abdominal Pain](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/abdominal-pain) [Bites and Stings](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bites-and-stings) [Diarrhoea](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/diarrhoea) - [Procedures](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/procedures) [Colonoscopy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/colonoscopy) [Grommets](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/grommets) [Liposuction](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/liposuction) [Tubal ligation](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/tubal-ligation) - [Life stages](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/life-stages) [Babies and toddlers](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/babies-and-toddlers-health) [Kids](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/kids-health) [Seniors](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/seniors-health) - [All topics](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics) [A](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/A) [B](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/B) [C](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/C) [D](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/D) [E](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/E) [F](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/F) [G](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/G) [H](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/H) [I](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/I) [J](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/J) [K](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/K) [L](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/L) [M](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/M) [N](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/N) [O](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/O) [P](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/P) [Q](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/Q) [R](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/R) [S](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/S) [T](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/T) [U](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/U) [V](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/V) [W](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/W) [X](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/X) [Y](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/Y) [Z](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/Z) - [Medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines) - [Symptom checker](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker) - [Service finder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) Menu Close - [Home](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/) - [Health topics A-Z](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches) - [Conditions](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/conditions) - [Symptoms](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/symptoms) - [Procedures](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/procedures) - [Life stages](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/life-stages) - [All topics](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics) - [Medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines) - [Symptom checker](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker) - [Service finder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) [beginning of content]() # Headaches 11-minute read Print Share [share via Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches "Share this page on Facebook") share via Email Save [Listen](https://app-oc.readspeaker.com/cgi-bin/rsent?customerid=8207&lang=en_au&readid=mainContentArticleText&url=https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches "Listen to this page using ReadSpeaker") If you have a sudden, severe headache or if you have a headache with vomiting, confusion, neck stiffness or changes in your vision, call triple zero (000) and ask for an ambulance. ## Key facts - Headaches are common and usually not concerning, but sometimes they can be caused by a serious illness. - There are many types of headaches, such as tension, migraine and cluster headache with different causes. - A headache diary can help you and your doctor find patterns and triggers for your headaches. - Most people can manage headaches by avoiding triggers and taking pain relief medicines, but some types of headaches respond to other treatments. - See your doctor if your headaches interfere with your daily activities, are getting worse or changing in any way. ## On this page - [What is a headache?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#what-is) - [What symptoms are related to headaches?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#symptoms) - [What causes headaches?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#causes) - [How is the cause of a headache diagnosed?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#diagnosed) - [When should I see my doctor?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#doctor) - [How are headaches treated?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#treated) - [What are the complications of headaches?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#complications) - [Can headaches be prevented?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#prevented) - [Resources and support](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#resources) - [Related information on Australian websites](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#searchGeneralResults) ## What is a headache? A headache is pain experienced in any part of your head. It is a common condition, and most people will have at least one in their lifetime. Headaches can affect males and females of any age. In most cases, a headache is unpleasant but not a cause for concern. Sometimes it can be a symptom of a serious illness. There are many different types and causes of headache. You may need to see a doctor to work out what type of headache you have. ## What symptoms are related to headaches? There are many different types of headaches, and they can feel quite different to each other. Here are symptoms of some common types. ### Tension-type headache [Tension-type headache](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/tension-headache) is one of the most common forms of headache. The pain is usually on both sides of your head and feels dull or tight. It can last between 30 minutes and 7 days. ### Migraine [Migraine](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/migraine) is when you have a headache, as well as other symptoms such as: - [nausea](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/nausea) - [vomiting](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/vomiting) - sensitivity to light or noise Migraines usually happen more than once. The pain is usually throbbing, you feel it on one side of your head, and can last hours or days. Some people experience other symptoms before or during a migraine attack such as: - visual aura (flashes of light, blind spots, or seeing 'zig zag' patterns) - [changes in vision](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blurred-vision) - problems with speech - '[pins and needles](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/limb-numbness)' (a numb, tingling feeling) in your arms and legs ### Cluster headache [Cluster headaches](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cluster-headache) are a rare type of headache that has intense pain as a core symptom. They generally occur in groups or 'clusters' of attacks. The pain is usually behind one eye and feels stabbing or burning. You might also have: - a [runny nose](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/runny-nose) - a red eye with [watery discharge](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/eye-discharge) - a droopy or swollen eyelid Cluster headaches can last up to 3 hours and may happen a few times a day. ### Sinus headache [Sinus problems](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sinusitis) can cause headache from pressure in your forehead or cheekbones, on one side or both sides of your face. These areas might feel sore if you press on them or bend forward. You may also have symptoms of a sinus infection such as: - sore teeth - a blocked or runny nose - a [cough](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough) ### Alcohol headache Headaches due to [drinking alcohol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-alcohol-affects-your-health) cause throbbing pain that gets worse with exercise. ### Dehydration headache Headaches due to [dehydration](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dehydration) cause pain all over your head. ### Altitude headache Altitude headaches are an intense, throbbing pain that is all over your head or in your forehead. It is also known as 'mountain sickness', but can happen with any change of altitude, for example with air travel or scuba diving. [Mountain climbing](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/altitude-sickness) can cause pain all over your head that gets worse with exercise. Diving can cause headache with dizziness, trouble breathing or confusion. Flying in a plane can cause pain in one side of your forehead. ### Sleep apnoea headache [Sleep apnoea](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/obstructive-sleep-apnoea) can cause headaches when you wake up in the morning. You usually feel a sleep apnoea headache on both sides of your head and on most days of the week. [CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker) ## What causes headaches? Headaches can be primary (when they happen on their own, and not as a result of another health problem) or secondary (resulting from another health problem). ### Primary headaches Sometimes primary headaches can be triggered by your diet, such as: - [alcohol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-alcohol-affects-your-health), especially red wine - certain foods, such as cheese, citrus fruits, processed meats and foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG) - large amounts of [caffeine](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/caffeine) - skipping meals, especially breakfast - [not drinking enough water](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dehydration) Other common triggers include: - too much or too little [sleep](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sleep) - [bad posture](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-to-improve-your-posture) - [stress](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stress) (or relaxing after stress) - too much screen use - bright lights, strong smells or loud noises - sexual intercourse - [hormonal](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hormones) changes (in females) ### Secondary headaches Common causes of secondary headaches include: - [acute or chronic sinus infections](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sinusitis) - [eye strain](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/eye-strain) - [dental problems](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dental-problems) - [middle ear infections](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ear-infection) - [side effects](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicine-and-side-effects) of some medicines - [substance withdrawal](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/addiction-withdrawal) ([alcohol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/alcoholism), caffeine and some medicines) - [dehydration](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dehydration) Potentially serious health problems that can cause secondary headaches include: - [aneurysms](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/aneurysms) - [high blood pressure](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/high-blood-pressure-hypertension) inside your skull - [glaucoma](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glaucoma) - [brain tumours](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/brain-cancer) - [head injuries](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/head-injuries) - [meningitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/meningitis) - [stroke](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stroke) ## How is the cause of a headache diagnosed? Your doctor can often diagnose your headache type by talking to you about your symptoms and examining you. It's helpful to keep a headache diary in the weeks leading up to your appointment. It can help you track when you get headaches, how often, and what might trigger them. You can find diaries and apps to record your headaches on the [Migraine and Headache Australia](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/headache-management/headache-migraine-diaries/) website. Your diary should record: - the number of days you have a headache - how severe your headache is - any other symptoms associated with your headache - any potential triggers It is important you let your doctor know how your headache affects your daily activities and the impact it has on your family, work and activities. In most cases, there's no need for tests to diagnose headaches. If your doctor thinks there might be another health problem causing your headaches, they may ask you to have: - an [eye check](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/eye-tests) with your optometrist - [blood tests](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blood-testing) - a [CT](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ct-scan) or [MRI](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri) scan of your head - a [lumbar puncture](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lumbar-puncture) Your doctor may refer you to a [neurologist](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/neurologist) — a specialist doctor who diagnoses and treats conditions of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. ## When should I see my doctor? If you have a sudden, severe headache or if your headache is accompanied by vomiting, confusion, neck stiffness or changes in your vision, call triple zero (000) and ask for an ambulance or go to your nearest hospital emergency department. You should see your doctor if your headaches occur frequently and prevent you from doing the things you normally can do. You should also see your doctor if you take pain medicine for headaches often during a week. If you have already been diagnosed with a certain type of headache, see your doctor again if your headaches become different or more severe. You should see your doctor as soon as possible if you have any new type of headache and have: - [cancer](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cancer) - a weakened [immune system](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/immune-system) - a [family history](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/family-medical-history) of [glaucoma](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glaucoma) ### When to seek urgent care In some cases, headaches can be a symptom of something more serious. See your doctor as soon as possible if you have a: - severe headache that begins suddenly - headache that gets progressively worse over the course of several weeks - morning headache with nausea that doesn't go away - headache that starts after an injury to your head - headache that wakes you up when you're asleep - headache that gets worse when you are lying down - headache that starts when you cough If you are pregnant and have a headache that begins suddenly or is different to your past headaches, speak to your doctor. Go immediately to your nearest hospital emergency department if you have a headache with: - fever and vomiting - confusion or a change in personality - neck stiffness - blurred or double vision - loss of balance - a [seizure](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/seizures) [FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — The Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) ## How are headaches treated? While there is no complete cure for a headache, there are helpful treatment options available to reduce the pain. If your headache is caused by a particular trigger, try to remove that trigger from your environment. ### Self-care at home If your headaches are mild and don't happen often, it may help to try: - lying down in a dark, quiet room - sleeping - placing a cold or warm cloth on the back of your neck or on your forehead - taking a walk outside in fresh air or do some [exercise](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/tips-for-getting-active) - having a [drink of water](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/drinking-water-and-your-health) - stretching your neck muscles ### Medicines for headaches Many headaches can be treated with over-the-counter [pain relief medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pain-relief-medicines). These include [paracetamol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/paracetamol), [ibuprofen](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ibuprofen) or aspirin. Note that aspirin should not be given to children under 16 years of age. Check with your doctor or [pharmacist](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/getting-the-most-out-of-your-pharmacist) before taking a new over-the-counter medicine. If you have frequent or severe headaches, your doctor may prescribe other medicines that can help such as a low dose of an [antidepressant](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/antidepressants) or anti-nausea medicines. A type of medicine called triptans can also help with migraines. Learn more about medicines for headaches [here](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines-for-headaches). [LOOKING FOR A MEDICINE? — To search by brand name or active ingredient, use the Medicines information search feature.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines) ### Other treatment options You may need to try a few different treatments before finding what works best for your headaches. Speak to your doctor about new treatment options. As well as medicines and self-care, other treatment options include: - [relieving stress](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief) - avoiding triggers - neck exercises and [massage](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/massage-therapy) - [acupuncture](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/acupuncture) ## What are the complications of headaches? Using pain medicines too often can cause 'medication overuse headache'. This feels similar to a tension-type headache or a migraine. Your doctor or pharmacist can guide you on how to use your pain medicines safely. ## Can headaches be prevented? [Lifestyle changes](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/healthy-lifestyle) can help you avoid triggers and prevent headaches. You might want to try: - eating [healthy food](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/balanced-diet) and avoiding any trigger foods you have identified - [drinking enough water](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/drinking-water-and-your-health) - working on [good posture](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-to-improve-your-posture) - [exercising regularly](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/tips-for-getting-active) - techniques for [managing your stress](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief) - getting the right amount of [sleep](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sleep) every night - limiting [alcohol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/managing-your-alcohol-intake) and [caffeine](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/caffeine) There are also several preventive medicines and other treatments available. If you get headaches often, ask your doctor about whether these may be appropriate for you. ## Resources and support Visit [Migraine & Headache Australia](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/) to learn more about headache. You can also [find resources for keeping a headache diary](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/headache-management/headache-migraine-diaries/) or join an [online support group](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/headache-management/support-group/). Check out the [ANZ Headache Society](https://anzheadachesociety.org/for-patients/) for a printable headache diary, a list of doctors who specialise in treating headache and helpful tips. You can also call the healthdirect helpline on [1800 022 222](tel:1800022222) (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. ### Languages other than English The [Pain Management Network](https://aci.health.nsw.gov.au/chronic-pain/translated-resources) has translated resources in many community languages. #### Sources: BMJ Best Practice [(Assessment of acute headache in adults)](https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/9/pdf/9/Assessment%20of%20acute%20headache%20in%20adults.pdf "Assessment of acute headache in adults"), JAMA Network [(Diagnosis and Management of Headache A Review)](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779823 "Diagnosis and Management of Headache A Review"), The Journal of Headache and Pain [(The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates)](https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-022-01402-2 "The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates"), IMR Press [(Headache Disorders: Differentiating Primary and Secondary Etiologies)](https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/23/2/10.31083/j.jin2302043/htm "Headache Disorders: Differentiating Primary and Secondary Etiologies"), HIS Classification [(The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition)](https://ichd-3.org/ "The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition"), The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine [(Headache Treatment Options)](https://www.jabfm.org/content/37/4/737 "Headache Treatment Options"), RACGP [(The state of migraine: An update on current and emerging treatments)](https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2021/december/the-state-of-migrain "The state of migraine: An update on current and emerging treatments"), Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing 6th Australia and New Zealand Edition [(Chapter 58: Nursing management - Chronic neurological problems (Matiuk S, Amerson C))](https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/reader/books/9780729598118/epubcfi/6/404[%3Bvnd.vst.idref%3DCHP0058_1591-1625_B9780729544511000671_0]!/4/2[c0058]/2/2[CN] "Chapter 58: Nursing management - Chronic neurological problems (Matiuk S, Amerson C)"), Therapeutics Guidelines [(Headache and facial pain classification and diagnosis)](https://app.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Neurology&topicfile=headache-and-facial-pain-classification-and-diagnosis&guidelinename=Neurology&sectionId=toc_d1e135#toc_d1e135 "Headache and facial pain classification and diagnosis"), Therapeutic Guidelines [(Migraine)](https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Neurology&topicfile=migraine&guidelinename=Neurology&sectionId=toc_d1e333#toc_d1e333 "Migraine"), Therapeutics Guidelines [(Tension-type headache)](https://app.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Neurology&topicfile=tension-type-headache&guidelinename=Neurology&sectionId=toc_d1e467#toc_d1e467 "Tension-type headache"), Journal of Clinical Medicine [(Orofacial Migraine - A Narrative Review)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11476786/ "Orofacial Migraine - A Narrative Review"), Current Pain and Headache Reports [(Dehydration and Headache)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8280611/ "Dehydration and Headache"), Cephalgia [(Aeroplane headache, mountain descent headache, diving ascent headache. Three subtypes of headache attributed to imbalance between intrasinusal and external air pressure?)](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0333102417724154 "Aeroplane headache, mountain descent headache, diving ascent headache. Three subtypes of headache attributed to imbalance between intrasinusal and external air pressure?"), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [(Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: From Symptoms to Treatment)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8872290/ "Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: From Symptoms to Treatment"), Headache [(The Role of Diet and Nutrition in Migraine Triggers and Treatment: A Systematic Literature Review)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7496357/ "The Role of Diet and Nutrition in Migraine Triggers and Treatment: A Systematic Literature Review"), The Journal of Headache and Pain [(21st century headache: mapping new territory)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8015309/ "21st century headache: mapping new territory"), Seminars in Neurology [(Classification and Diagnosis of Primary Headache Disorders)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36191595 "Classification and Diagnosis of Primary Headache Disorders"), Frontiers in Pain Research [(Medication overuse headache: a review of current evidence and management strategies)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10442656/ "Medication overuse headache: a review of current evidence and management strategies") Learn more here about the [development and quality assurance of healthdirect content](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/about-our-content). Last reviewed: May 2025 [Back To Top](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#backToTop) ## Related pages - [Tension headache](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/tension-headache "Tension headache") ## Search our site for - [Migraine](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Migraine "Search results for: Migraine") ## Need more information? These trusted information partners have more on this topic. General search results Results for medical professionals Top results [Headaches during pregnancy Headaches and migraines can be common during pregnancy. Find out what you can do to improve your symptoms and when you should see a doctor. Read more on Pregnancy,Birth & Baby website ![Pregnancy,Birth & Baby](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/PBB_logo.png)](https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/headaches-during-pregnancy) [Cluster Headaches: Symptoms, Specialists, and Treatment Options Learn about cluster headaches, their symptoms, and effective treatments. Find specialists and resources for managing cluster headaches. Read more on Migraine and Headache Australia website ![Migraine and Headache Australia](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/migraineandheadacheaus_logo-5787ac.png)](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/headachetypes/cluster-headache/) [Eye Strain Headaches: Causes, Symptoms, and Relief Tips Discover how eye strain can lead to headaches and migraines. Learn about symptoms and effective relief tips to reduce eye strain and associated pain. Read more on Migraine and Headache Australia website ![Migraine and Headache Australia](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/migraineandheadacheaus_logo-5787ac.png)](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/headachetypes/eyestrain/) [Headaches in children factsheet Headaches can be a common type of pain in children and teenagers. Migraines are different from general headaches. Read more on Sydney Children's Hospitals Network website ![Sydney Children's Hospitals Network](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/SCHN_logo.png)](https://www.schn.health.nsw.gov.au/headaches-children-factsheet) [Headaches \\| Fact sheet \\| Synapse Headaches are a common and often persistent problem after acquiring a brain injury. Headaches can arise after damage to different structures both inside and outside the head. Read more on Synapse website ![Synapse](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/synapse_logo-affee7-b581d07c-6d19-4c90-88a2-bf06c490e671.png)](https://synapse.org.au/fact-sheet/headache-and-brain-injury/) [Headaches & how to treat them Learn about different types of headaches to make an informed choice about treatment, including pain relief. Read more on NPS MedicineWise website ![NPS MedicineWise](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/nps_logo-54f847.png)](https://www.nps.org.au/consumers/headaches-and-how-to-treat-them) [Headache and Migraine Diaries: Trackers and Journals in Australia Utilize headache and migraine diaries and trackers available in Australia to monitor your symptoms and identify triggers for better headache management. Read more on Migraine and Headache Australia website ![Migraine and Headache Australia](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/migraineandheadacheaus_logo-5787ac.png)](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/headache-management/) [Headache and Pain Clinics - Headache Australia Headache and pain clinics are often located at hospitals & may be conducted by specialist doctors or multidisciplinary teams taking a holistic approach. Read more on Migraine and Headache Australia website ![Migraine and Headache Australia](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/migraineandheadacheaus_logo-5787ac.png)](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/headache-management/headache-and-pain-clinics/) [Personal Management - Headache Australia To assist you to take charge of your headache, consider the following 10 personal management steps. Read more on Migraine and Headache Australia website ![Migraine and Headache Australia](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/migraineandheadacheaus_logo-5787ac.png)](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/headache-management/personal-management/) [The EASE Approach - Headache Australia The Ease Approach outlines four key strategies for managing headache triggers. Authored by Professor Paul R Martin. Read more on Migraine and Headache Australia website ![Migraine and Headache Australia](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/migraineandheadacheaus_logo-5787ac.png)](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/headache-management/the-ease-approach/) Show more Top results [Migraine headaches, menopause and MHT/HRT \\| Information Sheet \\| Australasian Menopause Society Hub Download: Migraine headaches, menopause and MHT/HRT \\| Information Sheet KEY POINTSMigraine is not a contraindication to using menopausal hormone therapyMigraine without aura is more sensitive to hormonal flux than migraine with auraFalling oestrogen commonly triggers the onset of a hormonally sensitive migraineMaintaining stable oestrogen levels is important and transdermal delivery is preferable Migraine headaches are characterised by a throbbing hemicranial headache accompanied by photophobia, and commonly nausea and vomiting. It is more common in women than in men and often related to hormonal changes. 60% of migraineurs experience a prodrome e.g. euphoria, depression, irritability, food cravings, constipation, neck stiffness, or increased yawning. 25% may experience an aura most often visual, but it can also be sensory, verbal, or motor disturbances. In migraine with aura, occasionally the headache may be very mild or absent so that the diagnosis of migraine can be obscure. Migraines are often less frequent and less intense with increasing age, which may contribute to the improvement seen after menopause.Reproductive life events affect migraine without aura differently to migraine with aura. The onset of migraine without aura occurs after menarche suggesting that the development of the female menstrual cycle plays a role in its initiation. Migraine with aura is not so influenced by reproductive hormonal changes.Falling oestrogen, and not falling progesterone, levels are the trigger for the migraine in menstrual migraine. Experimental hormonal manipulation of the late luteal phase has shown that the administration of oestrogen will delay the migraine but not the menses, whereas administration of progestin will delay the period but not the migraine. Some women experience migraine twice during the cycle (once just prior to menses when the oestradiol falls and once after ovulation when the oestradiol also falls but to a lesser degree). Pre-existing migraine often improves during pregnancy where sex hormones levels are sustained and high. (1)The sensitivity of some migraines to hormonal flux explains the exacerbation in migraine in the perimenopausal years. Hormonally sensitive migraine often worsens during perimenopause, with attacks that are erratic and unpredictable in timing (2). Once menopause is well established, migraine is likely to improve, although this is unlikely to occur immediately after the last menstrual period. This improvement is attributable to the lack of variation in sex hormone levels. Unfortunately, many of the studies of migraine at menopause have included both post- menopausal and perimenopausal women. These two states have very different effects on hormonally sensitive migraine. One study did show that almost two thirds of women with migraine experienced an improvement after menopause was established (3). Surgical menopause leads to abrupt changes in hormone levels and is likely to lead to an initial exacerbation in migraine. This may signify that there is an oestrogen "threshold" below which migraine is triggered in sensitive women.Although data are scarce, clinical impression is that the frequency of migraine with aura is little changed by the menopause.The risk of stroke is raised in migraine with aura and is further increased with the use of the oral contraceptive pill and with smoking. There are no specific data about the risk of stroke with the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in migraine, and migraine is not considered a contraindication to the use of MHT.The indication for MHT in postmenopausal women with migraine is not to improve the migraines but to treat the menopausal symptoms. Depending upon the dosage regimen and the delivery system, MHT may improve migraine, worsen migraine or not have any effect on migraine. Acute treatment of a migraine in the perimenopause or menopause should follow the standard practice for migraine management.As a general rule, cyclical MHT is recommended for women who are within 12 months of their last menopausal period because early institution of continuous MHT may lead to breakthrough bleeding. Progesterone levels are not thought to be an important trigger for migraines in the reproductive years. Nevertheless, some women are sensitive to progestin such that the progestin phase of a cyclical regimen or progestin alone may trigger migraine. If this is the case and when added progestin is necessary (in women with an intact uterus), one study has found that continuous combined MHT is less likely to trigger headache than a cyclical regimen especially if there is an "off hormone" phase or a low oestrogen phase. Although data specifically relating to migraine are lacking, the lower progestin levels obtained with the use of the levonorgestrel IUD may be an argument for using that delivery system for MHT in women who are sensitive to progestin.Modification of MHT regimen, dose and delivery may be appropriate in women with hormonally sensitive migraine. Transdermal oestrogen delivery is less likely to trigger migraine than oral oestrogen delivery (4). This form of delivery may be superior because it maintains a more stable delivery of oestrogen and avoids fluctuating serum oestradiol levels. Interestingly, studies have shown that, in oestrogen-only regimens, transdermal oestrogen using the 100?g patch has a greater preventative benefit for migraineurs over the 50?g patch - again a suggestion that there is an oestrogen threshold which is beneficial for migraine prevention.For further readingUseful reviewMacGregor, E. A. (2009). "Migraine headache in perimenopausal and menopausal women." Current Pain & Headache Reports 13(5): 399-403Heavy duty readingMartin VT, Behbehani M. Ovarian hormones and migraine headache: understanding mechanisms and pathogenesis--part I. Headache 2006; 46 (1) 3-23.Martin VT, Behbehani M. Ovarian hormones and migraine headache: understanding mechanisms and pathogenesis--part 2. Headache 2006; 46(3):365-86 (3) 365-86.ReferencesSances, G., Granella, F., Nappi, R.E., Fignon, A., Ghiotto, N., Polatti, F. & Nappi, G. (2003) Course of migraine during pregnancy and postpartum: a prospective study. Cephalalgia 23, 197-205.Mattsson, P. (2003) Hormonal factors in migraine: a population-based study of women aged 40 to 74 years. Headache 43, 27-35.Neri, I., Granella, F., Nappi, R., Manzoni, G.C., Facchinetti, F. & Genazzani, A.R. (1993) Characteristics of headache at menopause: a clinico-epidemiologic study. Maturitas 17, 31-37.Nappi, R.E., Cagnacci, A., Granella, F., Piccinini, F., Polatti, F. & Facchinetti, F. (2001) Course of primary headaches during hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 38, 157-163. Read more on Australasian Menopause Society (Health Professionals) website ![Australasian Menopause Society (Health Professionals)](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/amslogo-9e3e88.png)](https://hub.menopause.org.au/Play?pId=46e07645-c1d7-4c16-8ab2-8eb7370c4bf9) [A Brief Overview of Headaches and Migraine The term ‘headache’ refers to any pain in the head area. Headaches vary in severity, frequency and length. The pain may be sharp, throbbing or dull, with gradual or sudden onset, and may last from less than an hour to several days. Read more on Ausmed Education website ![Ausmed Education](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/ausmed-new-logo-872e67.png)](https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/headaches) [Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults - Williams, AC de C - 2020 \\| Cochrane Library Read more on Cochrane Australia website ![Cochrane Australia](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/cochrane_australia_stacked_rgb-15fbd4.png)](https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007407.pub4/full) Show more ## Disclaimer Healthdirect Australia is not responsible for the content and advertising on the external website you are now entering. [OK]() ## Related pages - [Tension headache](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/tension-headache "Tension headache") ## Search our site for - [Migraine](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Migraine "Search results for: Migraine") ## Symptom checker Suffering from a headache? Select a symptom, answer some questions, get advice [Start Your Symptom Check](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker "Check symptoms") [Check your symptoms](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker/tool?symptom=GNRC) [Find a health service](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) # Healthdirect 24hr 7 days a week hotline 24 hour health advice you can count on [1800 022 222](tel:1800022222) # Government Accredited with over 140 information partners ![Healthdirect logo](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/logo-hda.svg) We are a government-funded service, providing quality, approved health information and advice [![Australian Government, health department logo](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/logo-gov-dep-health.svg)](https://www.health.gov.au/) [![ACT Government logo](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/logo-gov-act.svg)](https://www.health.act.gov.au/) [![New South Wales government logo](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/logo-gov-nsw.svg)](https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/) [![Northern Territory Government logo](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/logo-gov-nt.svg)](https://health.nt.gov.au/) [![Queensland Government logo](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/logo-gov-qld.svg)](https://www.health.qld.gov.au/) [![Government of South Australia logo](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/logo-gov-sa.svg)](https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/) [![Tasmanian government logo](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/logo-gov-tas.svg)](https://www.health.tas.gov.au/) [![Victorian government logo](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/logo-gov-vic.svg)](https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/) [![Government of Western Australia logo](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/logo-gov-wa.svg)](https://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/) ## About - [How we can help](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-healthdirect-can-help-you) - [Our mobile app](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-app) - [Linking to us](https://about.healthdirect.gov.au/linking-to-us) - [Information partners](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/information-partners) - [Register your service](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/register-with-nhsd) - [Terms of use](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/terms-of-use) - [Privacy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/privacy-policy) - [How we use AI](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/artificial-intelligence-transparency-statement) - [Contact us](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/contact-us) - [About us](https://about.healthdirect.gov.au/) ## Discover - [Blog](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blog) - [BMI calculator](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bmi-calculator) - [Health apps](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-and-wellbeing-apps) - [Medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines) - [Service finder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) - [Symptom checker](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker) - [Question builder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/question-builder) ## Resources in your language - [Arabic عربى](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ar/resources-in-arabic) - [বাংলা Bengali](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bn/resources-in-bengali) - [简体中文 Chinese Simplified](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/zh-hans/resources-in-chinese-simplified) - [繁體中文 Chinese Traditional](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/zh-hant/resources-in-chinese-traditional) - [Tiếng Việt Vietnamese](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/vi/resources-in-vietnamese) [![download from the App store](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/app-apple-store.png)](https://itunes.apple.com/au/app/healthdirect-check-symptoms/id1021494621?ls=1&mt=8) [![download from google play](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/assets/images/app-google-play.png)](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=au.org.healthdirect.healthdirectapp) Healthdirect Australia is dedicated to providing safe, effective and person-centred advice, supported by rigorous [clinical governance](https://about.healthdirect.gov.au/end-to-end-service-delivery) and transparent [quality and safety processes](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/quality-and-safety-of-healthdirects-triage-service-statement). This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google [Privacy Policy](https://policies.google.com/privacy) and [Terms of Service](https://policies.google.com/terms) apply. Healthdirect Australia acknowledges the Traditional Owners of Country throughout Australia and their continuing connection to land, sea and community. We pay our respects to the Traditional Owners and to Elders both past and present. © 2026 Healthdirect Australia Limited ## Support for this browser is being discontinued Support for this browser is being discontinued for this site - Internet Explorer 11 and lower We currently support Microsoft Edge, Chrome, Firefox and Safari. For more information, please visit the links below: - [Chrome by Google](https://www.google.com.au/chrome/) - [Firefox by Mozilla](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new) - [Microsoft Edge](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/edge) - [Safari by Apple](https://support.apple.com/en_AU/downloads/safari) You are welcome to continue browsing this site with this browser. Some features, tools or interaction may not work correctly. Continue ![](https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=286390378916509&ev=PageView%0A%0A&noscript=1)
Readable Markdown	## Key facts - Headaches are common and usually not concerning, but sometimes they can be caused by a serious illness. - There are many types of headaches, such as tension, migraine and cluster headache with different causes. - A headache diary can help you and your doctor find patterns and triggers for your headaches. - Most people can manage headaches by avoiding triggers and taking pain relief medicines, but some types of headaches respond to other treatments. - See your doctor if your headaches interfere with your daily activities, are getting worse or changing in any way. ## On this page - [What is a headache?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#what-is) - [What symptoms are related to headaches?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#symptoms) - [What causes headaches?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#causes) - [How is the cause of a headache diagnosed?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#diagnosed) - [When should I see my doctor?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#doctor) - [How are headaches treated?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#treated) - [What are the complications of headaches?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#complications) - [Can headaches be prevented?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#prevented) - [Resources and support](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#resources) - [Related information on Australian websites](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/headaches#searchGeneralResults) ## What is a headache? A headache is pain experienced in any part of your head. It is a common condition, and most people will have at least one in their lifetime. Headaches can affect males and females of any age. In most cases, a headache is unpleasant but not a cause for concern. Sometimes it can be a symptom of a serious illness. There are many different types and causes of headache. You may need to see a doctor to work out what type of headache you have. ## What symptoms are related to headaches? There are many different types of headaches, and they can feel quite different to each other. Here are symptoms of some common types. ### Tension-type headache [Tension-type headache](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/tension-headache) is one of the most common forms of headache. The pain is usually on both sides of your head and feels dull or tight. It can last between 30 minutes and 7 days. ### Migraine [Migraine](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/migraine) is when you have a headache, as well as other symptoms such as: - [nausea](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/nausea) - [vomiting](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/vomiting) - sensitivity to light or noise Migraines usually happen more than once. The pain is usually throbbing, you feel it on one side of your head, and can last hours or days. Some people experience other symptoms before or during a migraine attack such as: - visual aura (flashes of light, blind spots, or seeing 'zig zag' patterns) - [changes in vision](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blurred-vision) - problems with speech - '[pins and needles](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/limb-numbness)' (a numb, tingling feeling) in your arms and legs ### Cluster headache [Cluster headaches](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cluster-headache) are a rare type of headache that has intense pain as a core symptom. They generally occur in groups or 'clusters' of attacks. The pain is usually behind one eye and feels stabbing or burning. You might also have: - a [runny nose](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/runny-nose) - a red eye with [watery discharge](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/eye-discharge) - a droopy or swollen eyelid Cluster headaches can last up to 3 hours and may happen a few times a day. ### Sinus headache [Sinus problems](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sinusitis) can cause headache from pressure in your forehead or cheekbones, on one side or both sides of your face. These areas might feel sore if you press on them or bend forward. You may also have symptoms of a sinus infection such as: - sore teeth - a blocked or runny nose - a [cough](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough) ### Alcohol headache Headaches due to [drinking alcohol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-alcohol-affects-your-health) cause throbbing pain that gets worse with exercise. ### Dehydration headache Headaches due to [dehydration](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dehydration) cause pain all over your head. ### Altitude headache Altitude headaches are an intense, throbbing pain that is all over your head or in your forehead. It is also known as 'mountain sickness', but can happen with any change of altitude, for example with air travel or scuba diving. [Mountain climbing](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/altitude-sickness) can cause pain all over your head that gets worse with exercise. Diving can cause headache with dizziness, trouble breathing or confusion. Flying in a plane can cause pain in one side of your forehead. ### Sleep apnoea headache [Sleep apnoea](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/obstructive-sleep-apnoea) can cause headaches when you wake up in the morning. You usually feel a sleep apnoea headache on both sides of your head and on most days of the week. [CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker) ## What causes headaches? Headaches can be primary (when they happen on their own, and not as a result of another health problem) or secondary (resulting from another health problem). ### Primary headaches Sometimes primary headaches can be triggered by your diet, such as: - [alcohol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-alcohol-affects-your-health), especially red wine - certain foods, such as cheese, citrus fruits, processed meats and foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG) - large amounts of [caffeine](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/caffeine) - skipping meals, especially breakfast - [not drinking enough water](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dehydration) Other common triggers include: - too much or too little [sleep](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sleep) - [bad posture](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-to-improve-your-posture) - [stress](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stress) (or relaxing after stress) - too much screen use - bright lights, strong smells or loud noises - sexual intercourse - [hormonal](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hormones) changes (in females) ### Secondary headaches Common causes of secondary headaches include: - [acute or chronic sinus infections](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sinusitis) - [eye strain](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/eye-strain) - [dental problems](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dental-problems) - [middle ear infections](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ear-infection) - [side effects](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicine-and-side-effects) of some medicines - [substance withdrawal](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/addiction-withdrawal) ([alcohol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/alcoholism), caffeine and some medicines) - [dehydration](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dehydration) Potentially serious health problems that can cause secondary headaches include: - [aneurysms](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/aneurysms) - [high blood pressure](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/high-blood-pressure-hypertension) inside your skull - [glaucoma](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glaucoma) - [brain tumours](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/brain-cancer) - [head injuries](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/head-injuries) - [meningitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/meningitis) - [stroke](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stroke) ## How is the cause of a headache diagnosed? Your doctor can often diagnose your headache type by talking to you about your symptoms and examining you. It's helpful to keep a headache diary in the weeks leading up to your appointment. It can help you track when you get headaches, how often, and what might trigger them. You can find diaries and apps to record your headaches on the [Migraine and Headache Australia](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/headache-management/headache-migraine-diaries/) website. Your diary should record: - the number of days you have a headache - how severe your headache is - any other symptoms associated with your headache - any potential triggers It is important you let your doctor know how your headache affects your daily activities and the impact it has on your family, work and activities. In most cases, there's no need for tests to diagnose headaches. If your doctor thinks there might be another health problem causing your headaches, they may ask you to have: - an [eye check](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/eye-tests) with your optometrist - [blood tests](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blood-testing) - a [CT](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ct-scan) or [MRI](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri) scan of your head - a [lumbar puncture](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lumbar-puncture) Your doctor may refer you to a [neurologist](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/neurologist) — a specialist doctor who diagnoses and treats conditions of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. ## When should I see my doctor? You should see your doctor if your headaches occur frequently and prevent you from doing the things you normally can do. You should also see your doctor if you take pain medicine for headaches often during a week. If you have already been diagnosed with a certain type of headache, see your doctor again if your headaches become different or more severe. You should see your doctor as soon as possible if you have any new type of headache and have: - [cancer](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cancer) - a weakened [immune system](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/immune-system) - a [family history](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/family-medical-history) of [glaucoma](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glaucoma) ### When to seek urgent care In some cases, headaches can be a symptom of something more serious. See your doctor as soon as possible if you have a: - severe headache that begins suddenly - headache that gets progressively worse over the course of several weeks - morning headache with nausea that doesn't go away - headache that starts after an injury to your head - headache that wakes you up when you're asleep - headache that gets worse when you are lying down - headache that starts when you cough If you are pregnant and have a headache that begins suddenly or is different to your past headaches, speak to your doctor. Go immediately to your nearest hospital emergency department if you have a headache with: - fever and vomiting - confusion or a change in personality - neck stiffness - blurred or double vision - loss of balance - a [seizure](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/seizures) [FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — The Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) ## How are headaches treated? While there is no complete cure for a headache, there are helpful treatment options available to reduce the pain. If your headache is caused by a particular trigger, try to remove that trigger from your environment. ### Self-care at home If your headaches are mild and don't happen often, it may help to try: - lying down in a dark, quiet room - sleeping - placing a cold or warm cloth on the back of your neck or on your forehead - taking a walk outside in fresh air or do some [exercise](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/tips-for-getting-active) - having a [drink of water](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/drinking-water-and-your-health) - stretching your neck muscles ### Medicines for headaches Many headaches can be treated with over-the-counter [pain relief medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pain-relief-medicines). These include [paracetamol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/paracetamol), [ibuprofen](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ibuprofen) or aspirin. Note that aspirin should not be given to children under 16 years of age. Check with your doctor or [pharmacist](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/getting-the-most-out-of-your-pharmacist) before taking a new over-the-counter medicine. If you have frequent or severe headaches, your doctor may prescribe other medicines that can help such as a low dose of an [antidepressant](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/antidepressants) or anti-nausea medicines. A type of medicine called triptans can also help with migraines. Learn more about medicines for headaches [here](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines-for-headaches). [LOOKING FOR A MEDICINE? — To search by brand name or active ingredient, use the Medicines information search feature.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines) ### Other treatment options You may need to try a few different treatments before finding what works best for your headaches. Speak to your doctor about new treatment options. As well as medicines and self-care, other treatment options include: - [relieving stress](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief) - avoiding triggers - neck exercises and [massage](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/massage-therapy) - [acupuncture](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/acupuncture) ## What are the complications of headaches? Using pain medicines too often can cause 'medication overuse headache'. This feels similar to a tension-type headache or a migraine. Your doctor or pharmacist can guide you on how to use your pain medicines safely. ## Can headaches be prevented? [Lifestyle changes](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/healthy-lifestyle) can help you avoid triggers and prevent headaches. You might want to try: - eating [healthy food](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/balanced-diet) and avoiding any trigger foods you have identified - [drinking enough water](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/drinking-water-and-your-health) - working on [good posture](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-to-improve-your-posture) - [exercising regularly](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/tips-for-getting-active) - techniques for [managing your stress](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief) - getting the right amount of [sleep](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sleep) every night - limiting [alcohol](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/managing-your-alcohol-intake) and [caffeine](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/caffeine) There are also several preventive medicines and other treatments available. If you get headaches often, ask your doctor about whether these may be appropriate for you. ## Resources and support Visit [Migraine & Headache Australia](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/) to learn more about headache. You can also [find resources for keeping a headache diary](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/headache-management/headache-migraine-diaries/) or join an [online support group](https://headacheaustralia.org.au/headache-management/support-group/). Check out the [ANZ Headache Society](https://anzheadachesociety.org/for-patients/) for a printable headache diary, a list of doctors who specialise in treating headache and helpful tips. You can also call the healthdirect helpline on [1800 022 222](tel:1800022222) (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. ### Languages other than English The [Pain Management Network](https://aci.health.nsw.gov.au/chronic-pain/translated-resources) has translated resources in many community languages.
Shard	187 (laksa)
Root Hash	11476440364350543187
Unparsed URL	au,gov,healthdirect!www,/headaches s443